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Machine Reading for Question Answering Workshop 2

{ "tokens": [ "Archaeology", "is", "the", "study", "of", "the", "human", "past", "through", "its", "material", "remains", ".", "Artifacts", ",", "faunal", "remains", ",", "and", "human", "altered", "landscapes", "are", "evidence", "of", "the", "cultural", "and", "material", "lives", "of", "past", "societies", ".", "Archaeologists", "examine", "these", "material", "remains", "in", "order", "to", "deduce", "patterns", "of", "past", "human", "behavior", "and", "cultural", "practices", ".", "Ethnoarchaeology", "is", "a", "type", "of", "archaeology", "that", "studies", "the", "practices", "and", "material", "remains", "of", "living", "human", "groups", "in", "order", "to", "gain", "a", "better", "understanding", "of", "the", "evidence", "left", "behind", "by", "past", "human", "groups", ",", "who", "are", "presumed", "to", "have", "lived", "in", "similar", "ways", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 12, 15, 19, 25, 28, 32, 38, 43, 51, 55, 64, 71, 73, 82, 84, 91, 98, 100, 104, 110, 118, 129, 133, 142, 145, 149, 158, 162, 171, 177, 180, 185, 194, 196, 211, 219, 225, 234, 242, 245, 251, 254, 261, 270, 273, 278, 284, 293, 297, 306, 315, 317, 334, 337, 339, 344, 347, 359, 364, 372, 376, 386, 390, 399, 407, 410, 417, 423, 430, 433, 439, 442, 447, 449, 456, 470, 473, 477, 486, 491, 498, 501, 506, 512, 518, 520, 524, 528, 537, 540, 545, 551, 554, 562, 566 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "How", "are", "long", "dead", "human", "groups", "presumed", "to", "have", "lived", "and", "behaved", "as", "compared", "to", "still", "living", "populations", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 8, 13, 18, 24, 31, 40, 43, 48, 54, 58, 66, 69, 78, 81, 87, 94, 105 ] }

{ "text": [ "in similar ways" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 551 ], "end": [ 565 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ] }

[ "in similar ways" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "What", "are", "artifacts", ",", "faunal", "remains", "and", "human", "altered", "landscapes", "the", "evidence", "of", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 18, 20, 27, 35, 39, 45, 53, 64, 68, 77, 79 ] }

{ "text": [ "cultural and material lives of past societies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 149 ], "end": [ 193 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }

[ "cultural and material lives of past societies" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Darwin", "and", "Wallace", "unveiled", "evolution", "in", "the", "late", "1850s", ".", "There", "was", "an", "immediate", "rush", "to", "bring", "it", "into", "the", "social", "sciences", ".", "Paul", "Broca", "in", "Paris", "was", "in", "the", "process", "of", "breaking", "away", "from", "the", "Société", "de", "biologie", "to", "form", "the", "first", "of", "the", "explicitly", "anthropological", "societies", ",", "the", "Société", "d'Anthropologie", "de", "Paris", ",", "meeting", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "Paris", "in", "1859.[n", "4", "]", "When", "he", "read", "Darwin", "he", "became", "an", "immediate", "convert", "to", "Transformisme", ",", "as", "the", "French", "called", "evolutionism", ".", "His", "definition", "now", "became", "\"", "the", "study", "of", "the", "human", "group", ",", "considered", "as", "a", "whole", ",", "in", "its", "details", ",", "and", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "rest", "of", "nature", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 11, 19, 28, 38, 41, 45, 50, 55, 57, 63, 67, 70, 80, 85, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 113, 121, 123, 128, 134, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 162, 165, 174, 179, 184, 188, 196, 199, 208, 211, 216, 220, 226, 229, 233, 244, 260, 269, 271, 275, 283, 299, 302, 307, 309, 317, 321, 325, 331, 336, 339, 345, 348, 356, 357, 359, 364, 367, 372, 379, 382, 389, 392, 402, 410, 413, 426, 428, 431, 435, 442, 449, 461, 463, 467, 478, 482, 489, 490, 494, 500, 503, 507, 513, 518, 520, 531, 534, 536, 541, 543, 546, 550, 557, 559, 563, 566, 575, 578, 582, 587, 590, 596, 597 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "Wallace", "and", "Darwin", "unveil", "the", "theory", "of", "evolution", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 17, 21, 28, 35, 39, 46, 49, 58 ] }

{ "text": [ "late 1850s." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }

[ "late 1850s." ]

{ "tokens": [ "Darwin", "and", "Wallace", "unveiled", "evolution", "in", "the", "late", "1850s", ".", "There", "was", "an", "immediate", "rush", "to", "bring", "it", "into", "the", "social", "sciences", ".", "Paul", "Broca", "in", "Paris", "was", "in", "the", "process", "of", "breaking", "away", "from", "the", "Société", "de", "biologie", "to", "form", "the", "first", "of", "the", "explicitly", "anthropological", "societies", ",", "the", "Société", "d'Anthropologie", "de", "Paris", ",", "meeting", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "Paris", "in", "1859.[n", "4", "]", "When", "he", "read", "Darwin", "he", "became", "an", "immediate", "convert", "to", "Transformisme", ",", "as", "the", "French", "called", "evolutionism", ".", "His", "definition", "now", "became", "\"", "the", "study", "of", "the", "human", "group", ",", "considered", "as", "a", "whole", ",", "in", "its", "details", ",", "and", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "rest", "of", "nature", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 11, 19, 28, 38, 41, 45, 50, 55, 57, 63, 67, 70, 80, 85, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 113, 121, 123, 128, 134, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 162, 165, 174, 179, 184, 188, 196, 199, 208, 211, 216, 220, 226, 229, 233, 244, 260, 269, 271, 275, 283, 299, 302, 307, 309, 317, 321, 325, 331, 336, 339, 345, 348, 356, 357, 359, 364, 367, 372, 379, 382, 389, 392, 402, 410, 413, 426, 428, 431, 435, 442, 449, 461, 463, 467, 478, 482, 489, 490, 494, 500, 503, 507, 513, 518, 520, 531, 534, 536, 541, 543, 546, 550, 557, 559, 563, 566, 575, 578, 582, 587, 590, 596, 597 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "there", "a", "rush", "to", "do", "with", "the", "theory", "of", "evolution", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 15, 17, 22, 25, 28, 33, 37, 44, 47, 56 ] }

{ "text": [ "bring it into the social sciences" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }

[ "bring it into the social sciences" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Darwin", "and", "Wallace", "unveiled", "evolution", "in", "the", "late", "1850s", ".", "There", "was", "an", "immediate", "rush", "to", "bring", "it", "into", "the", "social", "sciences", ".", "Paul", "Broca", "in", "Paris", "was", "in", "the", "process", "of", "breaking", "away", "from", "the", "Société", "de", "biologie", "to", "form", "the", "first", "of", "the", "explicitly", "anthropological", "societies", ",", "the", "Société", "d'Anthropologie", "de", "Paris", ",", "meeting", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "Paris", "in", "1859.[n", "4", "]", "When", "he", "read", "Darwin", "he", "became", "an", "immediate", "convert", "to", "Transformisme", ",", "as", "the", "French", "called", "evolutionism", ".", "His", "definition", "now", "became", "\"", "the", "study", "of", "the", "human", "group", ",", "considered", "as", "a", "whole", ",", "in", "its", "details", ",", "and", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "rest", "of", "nature", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 11, 19, 28, 38, 41, 45, 50, 55, 57, 63, 67, 70, 80, 85, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 113, 121, 123, 128, 134, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 162, 165, 174, 179, 184, 188, 196, 199, 208, 211, 216, 220, 226, 229, 233, 244, 260, 269, 271, 275, 283, 299, 302, 307, 309, 317, 321, 325, 331, 336, 339, 345, 348, 356, 357, 359, 364, 367, 372, 379, 382, 389, 392, 402, 410, 413, 426, 428, 431, 435, 442, 449, 461, 463, 467, 478, 482, 489, 490, 494, 500, 503, 507, 513, 518, 520, 531, 534, 536, 541, 543, 546, 550, 557, 559, 563, 566, 575, 578, 582, 587, 590, 596, 597 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "Where", "did", "Paul", "Broca", "reside", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 15, 21, 27 ] }

{ "text": [ "Paris" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 137 ], "end": [ 141 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }

[ "Paris" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Darwin", "and", "Wallace", "unveiled", "evolution", "in", "the", "late", "1850s", ".", "There", "was", "an", "immediate", "rush", "to", "bring", "it", "into", "the", "social", "sciences", ".", "Paul", "Broca", "in", "Paris", "was", "in", "the", "process", "of", "breaking", "away", "from", "the", "Société", "de", "biologie", "to", "form", "the", "first", "of", "the", "explicitly", "anthropological", "societies", ",", "the", "Société", "d'Anthropologie", "de", "Paris", ",", "meeting", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "Paris", "in", "1859.[n", "4", "]", "When", "he", "read", "Darwin", "he", "became", "an", "immediate", "convert", "to", "Transformisme", ",", "as", "the", "French", "called", "evolutionism", ".", "His", "definition", "now", "became", "\"", "the", "study", "of", "the", "human", "group", ",", "considered", "as", "a", "whole", ",", "in", "its", "details", ",", "and", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "rest", "of", "nature", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 11, 19, 28, 38, 41, 45, 50, 55, 57, 63, 67, 70, 80, 85, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 113, 121, 123, 128, 134, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 162, 165, 174, 179, 184, 188, 196, 199, 208, 211, 216, 220, 226, 229, 233, 244, 260, 269, 271, 275, 283, 299, 302, 307, 309, 317, 321, 325, 331, 336, 339, 345, 348, 356, 357, 359, 364, 367, 372, 379, 382, 389, 392, 402, 410, 413, 426, 428, 431, 435, 442, 449, 461, 463, 467, 478, 482, 489, 490, 494, 500, 503, 507, 513, 518, 520, 531, 534, 536, 541, 543, 546, 550, 557, 559, 563, 566, 575, 578, 582, 587, 590, 596, 597 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "organization", "was", "Broca", "in", "the", "process", "of", "disentangling", "himself", "from", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 18, 22, 28, 31, 35, 43, 46, 60, 68, 72 ] }

{ "text": [ "Société de biologie" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 188 ], "end": [ 206 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }

[ "Société de biologie" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Darwin", "and", "Wallace", "unveiled", "evolution", "in", "the", "late", "1850s", ".", "There", "was", "an", "immediate", "rush", "to", "bring", "it", "into", "the", "social", "sciences", ".", "Paul", "Broca", "in", "Paris", "was", "in", "the", "process", "of", "breaking", "away", "from", "the", "Société", "de", "biologie", "to", "form", "the", "first", "of", "the", "explicitly", "anthropological", "societies", ",", "the", "Société", "d'Anthropologie", "de", "Paris", ",", "meeting", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "Paris", "in", "1859.[n", "4", "]", "When", "he", "read", "Darwin", "he", "became", "an", "immediate", "convert", "to", "Transformisme", ",", "as", "the", "French", "called", "evolutionism", ".", "His", "definition", "now", "became", "\"", "the", "study", "of", "the", "human", "group", ",", "considered", "as", "a", "whole", ",", "in", "its", "details", ",", "and", "in", "relation", "to", "the", "rest", "of", "nature", "\"", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 11, 19, 28, 38, 41, 45, 50, 55, 57, 63, 67, 70, 80, 85, 88, 94, 97, 102, 106, 113, 121, 123, 128, 134, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 162, 165, 174, 179, 184, 188, 196, 199, 208, 211, 216, 220, 226, 229, 233, 244, 260, 269, 271, 275, 283, 299, 302, 307, 309, 317, 321, 325, 331, 336, 339, 345, 348, 356, 357, 359, 364, 367, 372, 379, 382, 389, 392, 402, 410, 413, 426, 428, 431, 435, 442, 449, 461, 463, 467, 478, 482, 489, 490, 494, 500, 503, 507, 513, 518, 520, 531, 534, 536, 541, 543, 546, 550, 557, 559, 563, 566, 575, 578, 582, 587, 590, 596, 597 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "did", "the", "French", "call", "evolutionism", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 20, 25, 37 ] }

{ "text": [ "Transformisme" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 413 ], "end": [ 425 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ] }

[ "Transformisme" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "Bronislaw", "Malinoswki", "and", "Franz", "Boas", "do", "their", "relevant", "work", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 19, 30, 34, 40, 45, 48, 54, 63, 67 ] }

{ "text": [ "late 19th and early 20th centuries" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }

[ "late 19th and early 20th centuries" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Since", "the", "work", "of", "Franz", "Boas", "and", "Bronisław", "Malinowski", "in", "the", "late", "19th", "and", "early", "20th", "centuries", ",", "social", "anthropology", "in", "Great", "Britain", "and", "cultural", "anthropology", "in", "the", "US", "have", "been", "distinguished", "from", "other", "social", "sciences", "by", "its", "emphasis", "on", "cross", "-", "cultural", "comparisons", ",", "long", "-", "term", "in", "-", "depth", "examination", "of", "context", ",", "and", "the", "importance", "it", "places", "on", "participant", "-", "observation", "or", "experiential", "immersion", "in", "the", "area", "of", "research", ".", "Cultural", "anthropology", "in", "particular", "has", "emphasized", "cultural", "relativism", ",", "holism", ",", "and", "the", "use", "of", "findings", "to", "frame", "cultural", "critiques", ".", "This", "has", "been", "particularly", "prominent", "in", "the", "United", "States", ",", "from", "Boas", "'", "arguments", "against", "19th", "-", "century", "racial", "ideology", ",", "through", "Margaret", "Mead", "'s", "advocacy", "for", "gender", "equality", "and", "sexual", "liberation", ",", "to", "current", "criticisms", "of", "post", "-", "colonial", "oppression", "and", "promotion", "of", "multiculturalism", ".", "Ethnography", "is", "one", "of", "its", "primary", "research", "designs", "as", "well", "as", "the", "text", "that", "is", "generated", "from", "anthropological", "fieldwork", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 10, 15, 18, 24, 29, 33, 43, 54, 57, 61, 66, 71, 75, 81, 86, 95, 97, 104, 117, 120, 126, 134, 138, 147, 160, 163, 167, 170, 175, 180, 194, 199, 205, 212, 221, 224, 228, 237, 240, 245, 246, 255, 266, 268, 272, 273, 278, 280, 281, 287, 299, 302, 309, 311, 315, 319, 330, 333, 340, 343, 354, 355, 367, 370, 383, 393, 396, 400, 405, 408, 416, 418, 427, 440, 443, 454, 458, 469, 478, 488, 490, 496, 498, 502, 506, 510, 513, 522, 525, 531, 540, 549, 551, 556, 560, 565, 578, 588, 591, 595, 602, 608, 610, 615, 619, 621, 631, 639, 643, 644, 652, 659, 667, 669, 677, 686, 690, 693, 702, 706, 713, 722, 726, 733, 743, 745, 748, 756, 767, 770, 774, 775, 784, 795, 799, 809, 812, 828, 830, 842, 845, 849, 852, 856, 864, 873, 881, 884, 889, 892, 896, 901, 906, 909, 919, 924, 940, 949 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "did", "Margaret", "Mead", "advocate", "for", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 18, 23, 32, 35 ] }

{ "text": [ "gender equality and sexual liberation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 706 ], "end": [ 742 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 125 ] } ] }

[ "gender equality and sexual liberation" ]

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{ "text": [ "cross-cultural comparisons" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 265 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }

[ "cross-cultural comparisons" ]

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{ "text": [ "19th-century racial ideology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 639 ], "end": [ 666 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 109 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ] }

[ "19th-century racial ideology" ]

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{ "text": [ "cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 469 ], "end": [ 548 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }

[ "cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques" ]

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{ "text": [ "neurosurgeon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }

[ "neurosurgeon" ]

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{ "text": [ "the pathology of speech" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }

[ "the pathology of speech" ]

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[ "speech center" ]

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[ "psychology" ]

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[ "six" ]

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[ "Sociocultural anthropology" ]

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[ "social" ]

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[ "social structures," ]

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[ "hard-and-fast" ]

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[ "Cultural anthropology" ]

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{ "text": [ "cultural relativism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }

[ "cultural relativism" ]

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[ "Ethnography" ]

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[ "Participant observation" ]

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[ "emic" ]

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{ "text": [ "reductionism in cross-cultural comparison" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 227 ], "end": [ 267 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }

[ "reductionism in cross-cultural comparison" ]

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{ "text": [ "comparative methods" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }

[ "comparative methods" ]

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[ "similarities" ]

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{ "text": [ "processes or laws unknown to them then" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 379 ], "end": [ 416 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }

[ "processes or laws unknown to them then" ]

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[ "epiphany" ]

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{ "text": [ "comparison of species" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 598 ], "end": [ 618 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 103 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ] }

[ "comparison of species" ]

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[ "art" ]

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[ "do not exist" ]

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[ "evident 'aesthetic' qualities" ]

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[ "1983" ]

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[ "culturally specific 'aesthetics'" ]

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[ "Étienne Serres" ]

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[ "1838" ]

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[ "1850" ]

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[ "France" ]

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[ "Société Ethnologique de Paris" ]

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[ "the science of the nature of man" ]

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[ "an animist" ]

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[ "comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology" ]

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[ "empirical" ]

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[ "civilization" ]

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[ "Visual" ]

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[ "visual representation" ]

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[ "all" ]

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[ "ethnographic film" ]

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[ "British ethnologists" ]

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[ "1863" ]

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[ "French Société" ]

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[ "35%" ]

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[ "Tajik" ]

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[ "pondering" ]

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[ "majority of the world's higher educational institutions" ]

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[ "Practical" ]

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[ "recreate the final scene" ]

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[ "about three dozen" ]

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[ "Media anthropology" ]

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[ "ethnographic" ]

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[ "early 1990s" ]

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[ "media reception" ]

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[ "cyber" ]

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[ "Economic" ]

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[ "historic, geographic and cultural" ]

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[ "discipline of economics" ]

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[ "Bronislaw Malinowski" ]

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[ "exchange" ]

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[ "Psychological" ]

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[ "humans' development and enculturation" ]

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[ "understanding" ]

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[ "Nutritional" ]

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[ "food security" ]

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[ "globalization" ]

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[ "Nutritional status" ]

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[ "economic" ]

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[ "1993" ]

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[ "the Society for the Social Studies of Science" ]

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[ "Donna Haraway" ]

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[ "its relations" ]

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[ "Sunni Islam of the Hanafi" ]

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[ "a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion" ]

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[ "98%" ]