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Machine Reading for Question Answering Workshop 2

{ "tokens": [ "Tajiks", "began", "to", "be", "conscripted", "into", "the", "Soviet", "Army", "in", "1939", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", "around", "260,000", "Tajik", "citizens", "fought", "against", "Germany", ",", "Finland", "and", "Japan", ".", "Between", "60,000(4", "%", ")", "and", "120,000(8", "%", ")", "of", "Tajikistan", "'s", "1,530,000", "citizens", "were", "killed", "during", "World", "War", "II", ".", "Following", "the", "war", "and", "Stalin", "'s", "reign", "attempts", "were", "made", "to", "further", "expand", "the", "agriculture", "and", "industry", "of", "Tajikistan", ".", "During", "1957–58", "Nikita", "Khrushchev", "'s", "Virgin", "Lands", "Campaign", "focused", "attention", "on", "Tajikistan", ",", "where", "living", "conditions", ",", "education", "and", "industry", "lagged", "behind", "the", "other", "Soviet", "Republics", ".", "In", "the", "1980s", ",", "Tajikistan", "had", "the", "lowest", "household", "saving", "rate", "in", "the", "USSR", ",", "the", "lowest", "percentage", "of", "households", "in", "the", "two", "top", "per", "capita", "income", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "lowest", "rate", "of", "university", "graduates", "per", "1000", "people", ".", "By", "the", "late", "1980s", "Tajik", "nationalists", "were", "calling", "for", "increased", "rights", ".", "Real", "disturbances", "did", "not", "occur", "within", "the", "republic", "until", "1990", ".", "The", "following", "year", ",", "the", "Soviet", "Union", "collapsed", ",", "and", "Tajikistan", "declared", "its", "independence", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 13, 16, 19, 31, 36, 40, 47, 52, 55, 60, 64, 71, 77, 81, 84, 91, 99, 105, 114, 121, 129, 136, 138, 146, 150, 155, 157, 165, 173, 174, 176, 180, 189, 190, 192, 195, 205, 208, 218, 227, 232, 239, 246, 252, 256, 258, 260, 270, 274, 278, 282, 288, 291, 297, 306, 311, 316, 319, 327, 334, 338, 350, 354, 363, 366, 376, 378, 385, 393, 400, 410, 413, 420, 426, 435, 443, 453, 456, 466, 468, 474, 481, 491, 493, 503, 507, 516, 523, 530, 534, 540, 547, 556, 558, 561, 565, 570, 572, 583, 587, 591, 598, 608, 615, 620, 623, 627, 631, 633, 637, 644, 655, 658, 669, 672, 676, 680, 684, 688, 695, 702, 708, 710, 714, 718, 725, 730, 733, 744, 754, 758, 763, 769, 771, 774, 778, 783, 789, 795, 808, 813, 821, 825, 835, 841, 843, 848, 861, 865, 869, 875, 882, 886, 895, 901, 905, 907, 911, 921, 925, 927, 931, 938, 944, 953, 955, 959, 970, 979, 983, 995 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "How", "many", "Tajik", "troops", "fought", "against", "Germany", ",", "Finland", "and", "Japan", "during", "WWII", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 9, 15, 22, 29, 37, 44, 46, 54, 58, 64, 71, 75 ] }

{ "text": [ "260,000 Tajik" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }

[ "260,000 Tajik" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Tajiks", "began", "to", "be", "conscripted", "into", "the", "Soviet", "Army", "in", "1939", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", "around", "260,000", "Tajik", "citizens", "fought", "against", "Germany", ",", "Finland", "and", "Japan", ".", "Between", "60,000(4", "%", ")", "and", "120,000(8", "%", ")", "of", "Tajikistan", "'s", "1,530,000", "citizens", "were", "killed", "during", "World", "War", "II", ".", "Following", "the", "war", "and", "Stalin", "'s", "reign", "attempts", "were", "made", "to", "further", "expand", "the", "agriculture", "and", "industry", "of", "Tajikistan", ".", "During", "1957–58", "Nikita", "Khrushchev", "'s", "Virgin", "Lands", "Campaign", "focused", "attention", "on", "Tajikistan", ",", "where", "living", "conditions", ",", "education", "and", "industry", "lagged", "behind", "the", "other", "Soviet", "Republics", ".", "In", "the", "1980s", ",", "Tajikistan", "had", "the", "lowest", "household", "saving", "rate", "in", "the", "USSR", ",", "the", "lowest", "percentage", "of", "households", "in", "the", "two", "top", "per", "capita", "income", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "lowest", "rate", "of", "university", "graduates", "per", "1000", "people", ".", "By", "the", "late", "1980s", "Tajik", "nationalists", "were", "calling", "for", "increased", "rights", ".", "Real", "disturbances", "did", "not", "occur", "within", "the", "republic", "until", "1990", ".", "The", "following", "year", ",", "the", "Soviet", "Union", "collapsed", ",", "and", "Tajikistan", "declared", "its", "independence", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 13, 16, 19, 31, 36, 40, 47, 52, 55, 60, 64, 71, 77, 81, 84, 91, 99, 105, 114, 121, 129, 136, 138, 146, 150, 155, 157, 165, 173, 174, 176, 180, 189, 190, 192, 195, 205, 208, 218, 227, 232, 239, 246, 252, 256, 258, 260, 270, 274, 278, 282, 288, 291, 297, 306, 311, 316, 319, 327, 334, 338, 350, 354, 363, 366, 376, 378, 385, 393, 400, 410, 413, 420, 426, 435, 443, 453, 456, 466, 468, 474, 481, 491, 493, 503, 507, 516, 523, 530, 534, 540, 547, 556, 558, 561, 565, 570, 572, 583, 587, 591, 598, 608, 615, 620, 623, 627, 631, 633, 637, 644, 655, 658, 669, 672, 676, 680, 684, 688, 695, 702, 708, 710, 714, 718, 725, 730, 733, 744, 754, 758, 763, 769, 771, 774, 778, 783, 789, 795, 808, 813, 821, 825, 835, 841, 843, 848, 861, 865, 869, 875, 882, 886, 895, 901, 905, 907, 911, 921, 925, 927, 931, 938, 944, 953, 955, 959, 970, 979, 983, 995 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "percent", "of", "Tajiks", "were", "killed", "during", "the", "war", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 13, 16, 23, 28, 35, 42, 46, 49 ] }

{ "text": [ "Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 157 ], "end": [ 190 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }

[ "Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Tajiks", "began", "to", "be", "conscripted", "into", "the", "Soviet", "Army", "in", "1939", "and", "during", "World", "War", "II", "around", "260,000", "Tajik", "citizens", "fought", "against", "Germany", ",", "Finland", "and", "Japan", ".", "Between", "60,000(4", "%", ")", "and", "120,000(8", "%", ")", "of", "Tajikistan", "'s", "1,530,000", "citizens", "were", "killed", "during", "World", "War", "II", ".", "Following", "the", "war", "and", "Stalin", "'s", "reign", "attempts", "were", "made", "to", "further", "expand", "the", "agriculture", "and", "industry", "of", "Tajikistan", ".", "During", "1957–58", "Nikita", "Khrushchev", "'s", "Virgin", "Lands", "Campaign", "focused", "attention", "on", "Tajikistan", ",", "where", "living", "conditions", ",", "education", "and", "industry", "lagged", "behind", "the", "other", "Soviet", "Republics", ".", "In", "the", "1980s", ",", "Tajikistan", "had", "the", "lowest", "household", "saving", "rate", "in", "the", "USSR", ",", "the", "lowest", "percentage", "of", "households", "in", "the", "two", "top", "per", "capita", "income", "groups", ",", "and", "the", "lowest", "rate", "of", "university", "graduates", "per", "1000", "people", ".", "By", "the", "late", "1980s", "Tajik", "nationalists", "were", "calling", "for", "increased", "rights", ".", "Real", "disturbances", "did", "not", "occur", "within", "the", "republic", "until", "1990", ".", "The", "following", "year", ",", "the", "Soviet", "Union", "collapsed", ",", "and", "Tajikistan", "declared", "its", "independence", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 13, 16, 19, 31, 36, 40, 47, 52, 55, 60, 64, 71, 77, 81, 84, 91, 99, 105, 114, 121, 129, 136, 138, 146, 150, 155, 157, 165, 173, 174, 176, 180, 189, 190, 192, 195, 205, 208, 218, 227, 232, 239, 246, 252, 256, 258, 260, 270, 274, 278, 282, 288, 291, 297, 306, 311, 316, 319, 327, 334, 338, 350, 354, 363, 366, 376, 378, 385, 393, 400, 410, 413, 420, 426, 435, 443, 453, 456, 466, 468, 474, 481, 491, 493, 503, 507, 516, 523, 530, 534, 540, 547, 556, 558, 561, 565, 570, 572, 583, 587, 591, 598, 608, 615, 620, 623, 627, 631, 633, 637, 644, 655, 658, 669, 672, 676, 680, 684, 688, 695, 702, 708, 710, 714, 718, 725, 730, 733, 744, 754, 758, 763, 769, 771, 774, 778, 783, 789, 795, 808, 813, 821, 825, 835, 841, 843, 848, 861, 865, 869, 875, 882, 886, 895, 901, 905, 907, 911, 921, 925, 927, 931, 938, 944, 953, 955, 959, 970, 979, 983, 995 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "not", "developing", "as", "fast", "as", "other", "Soviet", "Republics", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 24, 27, 32, 35, 41, 48, 57 ] }

{ "text": [ "living conditions, education and industry" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 474 ], "end": [ 514 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }

[ "living conditions, education and industry" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Freedom", "of", "the", "press", "is", "ostensibly", "officially", "guaranteed", "by", "the", "government", ",", "but", "independent", "press", "outlets", "remain", "restricted", ",", "as", "does", "a", "substantial", "amount", "of", "web", "content", ".", "According", "to", "the", "Institute", "for", "War", "&", "Peace", "Reporting", ",", "access", "is", "blocked", "to", "local", "and", "foreign", "websites", "including", "avesta.tj", ",", "Tjknews.com", ",", "ferghana.ru", ",", "centrasia.ru", "and", "journalists", "are", "often", "obstructed", "from", "reporting", "on", "controversial", "events", ".", "In", "practice", ",", "no", "public", "criticism", "of", "the", "regime", "is", "tolerated", "and", "all", "direct", "protest", "is", "severely", "suppressed", "and", "does", "not", "receive", "coverage", "in", "the", "local", "media", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 21, 24, 35, 46, 57, 60, 64, 74, 76, 80, 92, 98, 106, 113, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 147, 154, 157, 161, 168, 170, 180, 183, 187, 197, 201, 205, 207, 213, 222, 224, 231, 234, 242, 245, 251, 255, 263, 272, 282, 291, 293, 304, 306, 317, 319, 332, 336, 348, 352, 358, 369, 374, 384, 387, 401, 407, 409, 412, 420, 422, 425, 432, 442, 445, 449, 456, 459, 469, 473, 477, 484, 492, 495, 504, 515, 519, 524, 528, 536, 545, 548, 552, 558, 563 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "Even", "though", "Tajikistan", "has", "freedom", "of", "the", "press", ",", "what", "is", "the", "problem", "with", "it", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 12, 23, 27, 35, 38, 42, 47, 49, 54, 57, 61, 69, 74, 76 ] }

{ "text": [ "independent press outlets remain restricted" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }

[ "independent press outlets remain restricted" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Freedom", "of", "the", "press", "is", "ostensibly", "officially", "guaranteed", "by", "the", "government", ",", "but", "independent", "press", "outlets", "remain", "restricted", ",", "as", "does", "a", "substantial", "amount", "of", "web", "content", ".", "According", "to", "the", "Institute", "for", "War", "&", "Peace", "Reporting", ",", "access", "is", "blocked", "to", "local", "and", "foreign", "websites", "including", "avesta.tj", ",", "Tjknews.com", ",", "ferghana.ru", ",", "centrasia.ru", "and", "journalists", "are", "often", "obstructed", "from", "reporting", "on", "controversial", "events", ".", "In", "practice", ",", "no", "public", "criticism", "of", "the", "regime", "is", "tolerated", "and", "all", "direct", "protest", "is", "severely", "suppressed", "and", "does", "not", "receive", "coverage", "in", "the", "local", "media", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 21, 24, 35, 46, 57, 60, 64, 74, 76, 80, 92, 98, 106, 113, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 147, 154, 157, 161, 168, 170, 180, 183, 187, 197, 201, 205, 207, 213, 222, 224, 231, 234, 242, 245, 251, 255, 263, 272, 282, 291, 293, 304, 306, 317, 319, 332, 336, 348, 352, 358, 369, 374, 384, 387, 401, 407, 409, 412, 420, 422, 425, 432, 442, 445, 449, 456, 459, 469, 473, 477, 484, 492, 495, 504, 515, 519, 524, 528, 536, 545, 548, 552, 558, 563 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "not", "tolerated", "by", "the", "government", "in", "respect", "to", "media", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 22, 25, 29, 40, 43, 51, 54, 59 ] }

{ "text": [ "no public criticism of the regime is tolerated" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 422 ], "end": [ 467 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }

[ "no public criticism of the regime is tolerated" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Freedom", "of", "the", "press", "is", "ostensibly", "officially", "guaranteed", "by", "the", "government", ",", "but", "independent", "press", "outlets", "remain", "restricted", ",", "as", "does", "a", "substantial", "amount", "of", "web", "content", ".", "According", "to", "the", "Institute", "for", "War", "&", "Peace", "Reporting", ",", "access", "is", "blocked", "to", "local", "and", "foreign", "websites", "including", "avesta.tj", ",", "Tjknews.com", ",", "ferghana.ru", ",", "centrasia.ru", "and", "journalists", "are", "often", "obstructed", "from", "reporting", "on", "controversial", "events", ".", "In", "practice", ",", "no", "public", "criticism", "of", "the", "regime", "is", "tolerated", "and", "all", "direct", "protest", "is", "severely", "suppressed", "and", "does", "not", "receive", "coverage", "in", "the", "local", "media", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 21, 24, 35, 46, 57, 60, 64, 74, 76, 80, 92, 98, 106, 113, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 147, 154, 157, 161, 168, 170, 180, 183, 187, 197, 201, 205, 207, 213, 222, 224, 231, 234, 242, 245, 251, 255, 263, 272, 282, 291, 293, 304, 306, 317, 319, 332, 336, 348, 352, 358, 369, 374, 384, 387, 401, 407, 409, 412, 420, 422, 425, 432, 442, 445, 449, 456, 459, 469, 473, 477, 484, 492, 495, 504, 515, 519, 524, 528, 536, 545, 548, 552, 558, 563 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "not", "covered", "by", "local", "media", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 12, 20, 23, 29, 34 ] }

{ "text": [ "all direct protest is severely suppressed" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 473 ], "end": [ 513 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 82 ] } ] }

[ "all direct protest is severely suppressed" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Freedom", "of", "the", "press", "is", "ostensibly", "officially", "guaranteed", "by", "the", "government", ",", "but", "independent", "press", "outlets", "remain", "restricted", ",", "as", "does", "a", "substantial", "amount", "of", "web", "content", ".", "According", "to", "the", "Institute", "for", "War", "&", "Peace", "Reporting", ",", "access", "is", "blocked", "to", "local", "and", "foreign", "websites", "including", "avesta.tj", ",", "Tjknews.com", ",", "ferghana.ru", ",", "centrasia.ru", "and", "journalists", "are", "often", "obstructed", "from", "reporting", "on", "controversial", "events", ".", "In", "practice", ",", "no", "public", "criticism", "of", "the", "regime", "is", "tolerated", "and", "all", "direct", "protest", "is", "severely", "suppressed", "and", "does", "not", "receive", "coverage", "in", "the", "local", "media", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 8, 11, 15, 21, 24, 35, 46, 57, 60, 64, 74, 76, 80, 92, 98, 106, 113, 123, 125, 128, 133, 135, 147, 154, 157, 161, 168, 170, 180, 183, 187, 197, 201, 205, 207, 213, 222, 224, 231, 234, 242, 245, 251, 255, 263, 272, 282, 291, 293, 304, 306, 317, 319, 332, 336, 348, 352, 358, 369, 374, 384, 387, 401, 407, 409, 412, 420, 422, 425, 432, 442, 445, 449, 456, 459, 469, 473, 477, 484, 492, 495, 504, 515, 519, 524, 528, 536, 545, 548, 552, 558, 563 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "access", "is", "blocked", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 12, 15, 22 ] }

{ "text": [ "access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 224 ], "end": [ 330 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }

[ "access is blocked to local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru, centrasia.ru" ]

{ "tokens": [ "Greenhouses", "convert", "solar", "light", "to", "heat", ",", "enabling", "year", "-", "round", "production", "and", "the", "growth", "(", "in", "enclosed", "environments", ")", "of", "specialty", "crops", "and", "other", "plants", "not", "naturally", "suited", "to", "the", "local", "climate", ".", "Primitive", "greenhouses", "were", "first", "used", "during", "Roman", "times", "to", "produce", "cucumbers", "year", "-", "round", "for", "the", "Roman", "emperor", "Tiberius", ".", "The", "first", "modern", "greenhouses", "were", "built", "in", "Europe", "in", "the", "16th", "century", "to", "keep", "exotic", "plants", "brought", "back", "from", "explorations", "abroad", ".", "Greenhouses", "remain", "an", "important", "part", "of", "horticulture", "today", ",", "and", "plastic", "transparent", "materials", "have", "also", "been", "used", "to", "similar", "effect", "in", "polytunnels", "and", "row", "covers", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 12, 20, 26, 32, 35, 39, 41, 50, 54, 55, 61, 72, 76, 80, 87, 88, 91, 100, 112, 114, 117, 127, 133, 137, 143, 150, 154, 164, 171, 174, 178, 184, 191, 193, 203, 215, 220, 226, 231, 238, 244, 250, 253, 261, 271, 275, 276, 282, 286, 290, 296, 304, 312, 314, 318, 324, 331, 343, 348, 354, 357, 364, 367, 371, 376, 384, 387, 392, 399, 406, 414, 419, 424, 437, 443, 445, 457, 464, 467, 477, 482, 485, 498, 503, 505, 509, 517, 529, 539, 544, 549, 554, 559, 562, 570, 577, 580, 592, 596, 600, 606 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "When", "were", "the", "first", "greenhouses", "used", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 20, 32, 36 ] }

{ "text": [ "Roman times" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 238 ], "end": [ 248 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }

[ "Roman times" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "In", "what", "century", "were", "the", "first", "modern", "greenhouses", "constructed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 8, 16, 21, 25, 31, 38, 50, 61 ] }

{ "text": [ "the 16th" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 367 ], "end": [ 374 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }

[ "the 16th" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "What", "do", "greenhouses", "do", "with", "solar", "energy", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 20, 23, 28, 34, 40 ] }

{ "text": [ "convert solar light to heat" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }

[ "convert solar light to heat" ]

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[ "enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops" ]

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[ "produce cucumbers year-round for the Roman emperor Tiberius" ]

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[ "Europe" ]

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[ "a republic" ]

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[ "Kokhir Rasulzoda" ]

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[ "Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova" ]

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[ "November 1994" ]

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[ "where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament" ]

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[ "anthropological societies" ]

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[ "international" ]

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[ "The major theorists" ]

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[ "48" ]

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[ "13" ]

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[ "Tajikistan" ]

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[ "the Pamir range" ]

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[ "on the southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley" ]

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[ "between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)" ]

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[ "in the north (part of the Fergana Valley), and in the southern Kofarnihon and Vakhsh river valleys" ]

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[ "during the late 19th century's Imperial Era" ]

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[ "the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand" ]

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[ "gaining access to a supply of cotton" ]

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[ "Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan" ]

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[ "the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara" ]

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[ "an Islamic social movement throughout the region" ]

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[ "Russians" ]

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{ "text": [ "between 1910 and 1913" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 354 ], "end": [ 374 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }

[ "between 1910 and 1913" ]

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{ "text": [ "the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 153 ], "end": [ 217 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }

[ "the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe" ]

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{ "text": [ "\"Land of the Tajiks\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }

[ "\"Land of the Tajiks\"" ]

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{ "text": [ "\"place of\" or \"country\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }

[ "\"place of\" or \"country\"" ]

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{ "text": [ "because the term is \"embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia.\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 363 ], "end": [ 520 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ] }

[ "because the term is \"embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia.\"" ]

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[ "28 Tajik soldiers" ]

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[ "2015" ]

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[ "November 2010" ]

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[ "that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August" ]

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[ "guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi" ]

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[ "to maintain independence" ]

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[ "The Bolsheviks" ]

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[ "Islam, Judaism, and Christianity" ]

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[ "Linguistic" ]

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[ "sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis" ]

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[ "Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" ]

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{ "text": [ "in the southern region" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 414 ], "end": [ 435 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }

[ "in the southern region" ]

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[ "collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place" ]

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[ "Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement" ]

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[ "Moscow" ]

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[ "nearly 10,000 people" ]

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[ "Ethnic Russians" ]

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[ "grew from less than 1% to 13%" ]

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{ "text": [ "subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 237 ], "end": [ 344 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }

[ "subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary" ]

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{ "text": [ "Yuezhi tribes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }

[ "Yuezhi tribes" ]

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{ "text": [ "in the early eighth century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 362 ], "end": [ 388 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }

[ "in the early eighth century" ]

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{ "text": [ "Hephthalite Empire," ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 264 ], "end": [ 282 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }

[ "Hephthalite Empire," ]

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{ "text": [ "Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 154 ], "end": [ 218 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }

[ "Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism" ]

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{ "text": [ "by clan loyalties" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 143 ], "end": [ 159 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }

[ "by clan loyalties" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "What", "did", "the", "ceasefire", "guaranteed", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 23, 33 ] }

{ "text": [ "30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 983 ], "end": [ 1037 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 164 ], "end": [ 173 ] } ] }

[ "30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition" ]

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{ "text": [ "Emomali Rahmon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 337 ], "end": [ 350 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }

[ "Emomali Rahmon" ]

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[ "because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities" ]

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{ "text": [ "PDPT lose four seats in Parliament" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 265 ], "end": [ 298 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }

[ "PDPT lose four seats in Parliament" ]

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{ "text": [ "accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 202 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }

[ "accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "What", "did", "the", "OSCE", "say", "that", "Tajikistan", "did", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 18, 22, 27, 38, 41 ] }

{ "text": [ "\"failed to meet many key OSCE commitments\" and that \"these elections failed on many basic democratic standards.\"" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 442 ], "end": [ 553 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }

[ "\"failed to meet many key OSCE commitments\" and that \"these elections failed on many basic democratic standards.\"" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "the", "Tajikistan", "governments", "response", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 24, 36, 44 ] }

{ "text": [ "The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 555 ], "end": [ 670 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 109 ] } ] }

[ "The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people" ]

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[ "Umayyads" ]

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[ "The Samanid Empire," ]

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[ "Khorasan" ]

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[ "Khorasan" ]

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[ "650–680" ]

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[ "710" ]

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[ "The Kara-Khanid Khanate" ]

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[ "The Samanid Empire" ]

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[ "about 71%" ]

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{ "text": [ "Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 119 ], "end": [ 176 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }

[ "Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises" ]

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{ "text": [ "When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 226 ], "end": [ 326 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 59 ] } ] }

[ "When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds" ]

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{ "text": [ "The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 394 ], "end": [ 451 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ] }

[ "The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection" ]

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{ "text": [ "photosynthesis" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 633 ], "end": [ 646 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }

[ "photosynthesis" ]