subset
stringclasses 6
values | context
stringlengths 16
17.7k
| context_tokens
sequence | qid
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 1
717
| question_tokens
sequence | detected_answers
sequence | answers
sequencelengths 1
25
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SQuAD | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty. | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"some",
"estimates",
"about",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"lives",
"on",
"less",
"than",
"US$",
"1.25",
"per",
"day",
".",
"Migration",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"consequent",
"remittances",
"have",
"been",
"unprecedented",
"in",
"their",
"magnitude",
"and",
"economic",
"impact",
".",
"In",
"2010",
",",
"remittances",
"from",
"Tajik",
"labour",
"migrants",
"totaled",
"an",
"estimated",
"$",
"2.1",
"billion",
"US",
"dollars",
",",
"an",
"increase",
"from",
"2009",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"achieved",
"transition",
"from",
"a",
"planned",
"to",
"a",
"market",
"economy",
"without",
"substantial",
"and",
"protracted",
"recourse",
"to",
"aid",
"(",
"of",
"which",
"it",
"by",
"now",
"receives",
"only",
"negligible",
"amounts",
")",
",",
"and",
"by",
"purely",
"market",
"-",
"based",
"means",
",",
"simply",
"by",
"exporting",
"its",
"main",
"commodity",
"of",
"comparative",
"advantage",
"—",
"cheap",
"labor",
".",
"The",
"World",
"Bank",
"Tajikistan",
"Policy",
"Note",
"2006",
"concludes",
"that",
"remittances",
"have",
"played",
"an",
"important",
"role",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"drivers",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"robust",
"economic",
"growth",
"during",
"the",
"past",
"several",
"years",
",",
"have",
"increased",
"incomes",
",",
"and",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"helped",
"significantly",
"reduce",
"poverty",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
18,
28,
34,
36,
38,
41,
45,
56,
62,
65,
70,
75,
78,
83,
87,
90,
92,
102,
107,
118,
122,
126,
137,
149,
154,
159,
173,
176,
182,
192,
196,
205,
211,
213,
216,
220,
222,
234,
239,
245,
252,
261,
269,
272,
282,
283,
287,
295,
298,
305,
307,
310,
319,
324,
328,
330,
341,
345,
354,
365,
370,
372,
380,
383,
385,
392,
400,
408,
420,
424,
435,
444,
447,
451,
452,
455,
461,
464,
467,
471,
480,
485,
496,
503,
504,
506,
510,
513,
520,
526,
527,
533,
538,
540,
547,
550,
560,
564,
569,
579,
582,
594,
604,
606,
612,
617,
619,
623,
629,
634,
645,
652,
657,
662,
672,
677,
689,
694,
701,
704,
714,
719,
722,
726,
729,
733,
741,
744,
754,
757,
764,
773,
780,
787,
791,
796,
804,
809,
811,
816,
826,
833,
835,
839,
842,
844,
851,
858,
872,
879,
886
]
} | e5ddb503bcdd448384bf7b34a0708d77 | What is the average amount lived on per day? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"average",
"amount",
"lived",
"on",
"per",
"day",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
20,
27,
33,
36,
40,
43
]
} | {
"text": [
"US$1.25 per day"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
75
],
"end": [
89
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
14
],
"end": [
17
]
}
]
} | [
"US$1.25 per day"
] |
SQuAD | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty. | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"some",
"estimates",
"about",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"lives",
"on",
"less",
"than",
"US$",
"1.25",
"per",
"day",
".",
"Migration",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"consequent",
"remittances",
"have",
"been",
"unprecedented",
"in",
"their",
"magnitude",
"and",
"economic",
"impact",
".",
"In",
"2010",
",",
"remittances",
"from",
"Tajik",
"labour",
"migrants",
"totaled",
"an",
"estimated",
"$",
"2.1",
"billion",
"US",
"dollars",
",",
"an",
"increase",
"from",
"2009",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"achieved",
"transition",
"from",
"a",
"planned",
"to",
"a",
"market",
"economy",
"without",
"substantial",
"and",
"protracted",
"recourse",
"to",
"aid",
"(",
"of",
"which",
"it",
"by",
"now",
"receives",
"only",
"negligible",
"amounts",
")",
",",
"and",
"by",
"purely",
"market",
"-",
"based",
"means",
",",
"simply",
"by",
"exporting",
"its",
"main",
"commodity",
"of",
"comparative",
"advantage",
"—",
"cheap",
"labor",
".",
"The",
"World",
"Bank",
"Tajikistan",
"Policy",
"Note",
"2006",
"concludes",
"that",
"remittances",
"have",
"played",
"an",
"important",
"role",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"drivers",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"robust",
"economic",
"growth",
"during",
"the",
"past",
"several",
"years",
",",
"have",
"increased",
"incomes",
",",
"and",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"helped",
"significantly",
"reduce",
"poverty",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
18,
28,
34,
36,
38,
41,
45,
56,
62,
65,
70,
75,
78,
83,
87,
90,
92,
102,
107,
118,
122,
126,
137,
149,
154,
159,
173,
176,
182,
192,
196,
205,
211,
213,
216,
220,
222,
234,
239,
245,
252,
261,
269,
272,
282,
283,
287,
295,
298,
305,
307,
310,
319,
324,
328,
330,
341,
345,
354,
365,
370,
372,
380,
383,
385,
392,
400,
408,
420,
424,
435,
444,
447,
451,
452,
455,
461,
464,
467,
471,
480,
485,
496,
503,
504,
506,
510,
513,
520,
526,
527,
533,
538,
540,
547,
550,
560,
564,
569,
579,
582,
594,
604,
606,
612,
617,
619,
623,
629,
634,
645,
652,
657,
662,
672,
677,
689,
694,
701,
704,
714,
719,
722,
726,
729,
733,
741,
744,
754,
757,
764,
773,
780,
787,
791,
796,
804,
809,
811,
816,
826,
833,
835,
839,
842,
844,
851,
858,
872,
879,
886
]
} | fc91e54c6c4a491db8b9f655f15a025b | What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"total",
"for",
"the",
"remittances",
"from",
"Tajik",
"migrans",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
19,
23,
27,
39,
44,
50,
57
]
} | {
"text": [
"estimated $2.1 billion US dollars"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
272
],
"end": [
304
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
46
],
"end": [
51
]
}
]
} | [
"estimated $2.1 billion US dollars"
] |
SQuAD | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty. | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"some",
"estimates",
"about",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"lives",
"on",
"less",
"than",
"US$",
"1.25",
"per",
"day",
".",
"Migration",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"consequent",
"remittances",
"have",
"been",
"unprecedented",
"in",
"their",
"magnitude",
"and",
"economic",
"impact",
".",
"In",
"2010",
",",
"remittances",
"from",
"Tajik",
"labour",
"migrants",
"totaled",
"an",
"estimated",
"$",
"2.1",
"billion",
"US",
"dollars",
",",
"an",
"increase",
"from",
"2009",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"achieved",
"transition",
"from",
"a",
"planned",
"to",
"a",
"market",
"economy",
"without",
"substantial",
"and",
"protracted",
"recourse",
"to",
"aid",
"(",
"of",
"which",
"it",
"by",
"now",
"receives",
"only",
"negligible",
"amounts",
")",
",",
"and",
"by",
"purely",
"market",
"-",
"based",
"means",
",",
"simply",
"by",
"exporting",
"its",
"main",
"commodity",
"of",
"comparative",
"advantage",
"—",
"cheap",
"labor",
".",
"The",
"World",
"Bank",
"Tajikistan",
"Policy",
"Note",
"2006",
"concludes",
"that",
"remittances",
"have",
"played",
"an",
"important",
"role",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"drivers",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"robust",
"economic",
"growth",
"during",
"the",
"past",
"several",
"years",
",",
"have",
"increased",
"incomes",
",",
"and",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"helped",
"significantly",
"reduce",
"poverty",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
18,
28,
34,
36,
38,
41,
45,
56,
62,
65,
70,
75,
78,
83,
87,
90,
92,
102,
107,
118,
122,
126,
137,
149,
154,
159,
173,
176,
182,
192,
196,
205,
211,
213,
216,
220,
222,
234,
239,
245,
252,
261,
269,
272,
282,
283,
287,
295,
298,
305,
307,
310,
319,
324,
328,
330,
341,
345,
354,
365,
370,
372,
380,
383,
385,
392,
400,
408,
420,
424,
435,
444,
447,
451,
452,
455,
461,
464,
467,
471,
480,
485,
496,
503,
504,
506,
510,
513,
520,
526,
527,
533,
538,
540,
547,
550,
560,
564,
569,
579,
582,
594,
604,
606,
612,
617,
619,
623,
629,
634,
645,
652,
657,
662,
672,
677,
689,
694,
701,
704,
714,
719,
722,
726,
729,
733,
741,
744,
754,
757,
764,
773,
780,
787,
791,
796,
804,
809,
811,
816,
826,
833,
835,
839,
842,
844,
851,
858,
872,
879,
886
]
} | e7280bc4be9b4fcb92d399ecbf9ef5f8 | How did Tajikistan change their economy? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"did",
"Tajikistan",
"change",
"their",
"economy",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
19,
26,
32,
39
]
} | {
"text": [
"by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
510
],
"end": [
616
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
89
],
"end": [
107
]
}
]
} | [
"by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor"
] |
SQuAD | According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty. | {
"tokens": [
"According",
"to",
"some",
"estimates",
"about",
"20",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"lives",
"on",
"less",
"than",
"US$",
"1.25",
"per",
"day",
".",
"Migration",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"consequent",
"remittances",
"have",
"been",
"unprecedented",
"in",
"their",
"magnitude",
"and",
"economic",
"impact",
".",
"In",
"2010",
",",
"remittances",
"from",
"Tajik",
"labour",
"migrants",
"totaled",
"an",
"estimated",
"$",
"2.1",
"billion",
"US",
"dollars",
",",
"an",
"increase",
"from",
"2009",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"achieved",
"transition",
"from",
"a",
"planned",
"to",
"a",
"market",
"economy",
"without",
"substantial",
"and",
"protracted",
"recourse",
"to",
"aid",
"(",
"of",
"which",
"it",
"by",
"now",
"receives",
"only",
"negligible",
"amounts",
")",
",",
"and",
"by",
"purely",
"market",
"-",
"based",
"means",
",",
"simply",
"by",
"exporting",
"its",
"main",
"commodity",
"of",
"comparative",
"advantage",
"—",
"cheap",
"labor",
".",
"The",
"World",
"Bank",
"Tajikistan",
"Policy",
"Note",
"2006",
"concludes",
"that",
"remittances",
"have",
"played",
"an",
"important",
"role",
"as",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"drivers",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"robust",
"economic",
"growth",
"during",
"the",
"past",
"several",
"years",
",",
"have",
"increased",
"incomes",
",",
"and",
"as",
"a",
"result",
"helped",
"significantly",
"reduce",
"poverty",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
18,
28,
34,
36,
38,
41,
45,
56,
62,
65,
70,
75,
78,
83,
87,
90,
92,
102,
107,
118,
122,
126,
137,
149,
154,
159,
173,
176,
182,
192,
196,
205,
211,
213,
216,
220,
222,
234,
239,
245,
252,
261,
269,
272,
282,
283,
287,
295,
298,
305,
307,
310,
319,
324,
328,
330,
341,
345,
354,
365,
370,
372,
380,
383,
385,
392,
400,
408,
420,
424,
435,
444,
447,
451,
452,
455,
461,
464,
467,
471,
480,
485,
496,
503,
504,
506,
510,
513,
520,
526,
527,
533,
538,
540,
547,
550,
560,
564,
569,
579,
582,
594,
604,
606,
612,
617,
619,
623,
629,
634,
645,
652,
657,
662,
672,
677,
689,
694,
701,
704,
714,
719,
722,
726,
729,
733,
741,
744,
754,
757,
764,
773,
780,
787,
791,
796,
804,
809,
811,
816,
826,
833,
835,
839,
842,
844,
851,
858,
872,
879,
886
]
} | 57444a31184f462aa9c01b97ef03d7cc | What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"has",
"been",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"drivers",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"robust",
"economic",
"growth",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
14,
18,
21,
25,
33,
36,
46,
49,
56,
65,
71
]
} | {
"text": [
"remittances"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
677
],
"end": [
687
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
118
],
"end": [
118
]
}
]
} | [
"remittances"
] |
SQuAD | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries. | {
"tokens": [
"As",
"a",
"landlocked",
"country",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"no",
"ports",
"and",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"transportation",
"is",
"via",
"roads",
",",
"air",
",",
"and",
"rail",
".",
"In",
"recent",
"years",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"pursued",
"agreements",
"with",
"Iran",
"and",
"Pakistan",
"to",
"gain",
"port",
"access",
"in",
"those",
"countries",
"via",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"In",
"2009",
",",
"an",
"agreement",
"was",
"made",
"between",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Pakistan",
",",
"and",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"build",
"a",
"1,300",
"km",
"(",
"810",
"mi",
")",
"highway",
"and",
"rail",
"system",
"connecting",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"'s",
"ports",
".",
"The",
"proposed",
"route",
"would",
"go",
"through",
"the",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"eastern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
".",
"And",
"in",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"presidents",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
",",
"and",
"Iran",
"signed",
"an",
"agreement",
"to",
"construct",
"roads",
"and",
"railways",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"oil",
",",
"gas",
",",
"and",
"water",
"pipelines",
"to",
"connect",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
5,
16,
24,
35,
39,
42,
48,
52,
56,
65,
68,
83,
86,
90,
95,
97,
100,
102,
106,
110,
112,
115,
122,
128,
139,
143,
151,
162,
167,
172,
176,
185,
188,
193,
198,
205,
208,
214,
224,
228,
239,
241,
244,
248,
250,
253,
263,
267,
272,
280,
290,
292,
300,
302,
306,
318,
321,
329,
333,
339,
341,
347,
350,
351,
355,
357,
359,
367,
371,
376,
383,
394,
398,
404,
414,
417,
425,
428,
433,
435,
439,
448,
454,
460,
463,
471,
475,
480,
481,
492,
503,
512,
515,
519,
527,
532,
535,
539,
546,
548,
552,
555,
559,
561,
565,
576,
579,
589,
591,
602,
604,
608,
613,
620,
623,
633,
636,
646,
652,
656,
665,
668,
673,
676,
679,
681,
684,
686,
690,
696,
706,
709,
717,
721,
727,
736
]
} | 24bfba93d45e44af9256b98ad7662faf | What are the majority of transportation options? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"transportation",
"options",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
22,
25,
40,
47
]
} | {
"text": [
"via roads, air, and rail."
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
86
],
"end": [
110
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
14
],
"end": [
21
]
}
]
} | [
"via roads, air, and rail."
] |
SQuAD | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries. | {
"tokens": [
"As",
"a",
"landlocked",
"country",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"no",
"ports",
"and",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"transportation",
"is",
"via",
"roads",
",",
"air",
",",
"and",
"rail",
".",
"In",
"recent",
"years",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"pursued",
"agreements",
"with",
"Iran",
"and",
"Pakistan",
"to",
"gain",
"port",
"access",
"in",
"those",
"countries",
"via",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"In",
"2009",
",",
"an",
"agreement",
"was",
"made",
"between",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Pakistan",
",",
"and",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"build",
"a",
"1,300",
"km",
"(",
"810",
"mi",
")",
"highway",
"and",
"rail",
"system",
"connecting",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"'s",
"ports",
".",
"The",
"proposed",
"route",
"would",
"go",
"through",
"the",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"eastern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
".",
"And",
"in",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"presidents",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
",",
"and",
"Iran",
"signed",
"an",
"agreement",
"to",
"construct",
"roads",
"and",
"railways",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"oil",
",",
"gas",
",",
"and",
"water",
"pipelines",
"to",
"connect",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
5,
16,
24,
35,
39,
42,
48,
52,
56,
65,
68,
83,
86,
90,
95,
97,
100,
102,
106,
110,
112,
115,
122,
128,
139,
143,
151,
162,
167,
172,
176,
185,
188,
193,
198,
205,
208,
214,
224,
228,
239,
241,
244,
248,
250,
253,
263,
267,
272,
280,
290,
292,
300,
302,
306,
318,
321,
329,
333,
339,
341,
347,
350,
351,
355,
357,
359,
367,
371,
376,
383,
394,
398,
404,
414,
417,
425,
428,
433,
435,
439,
448,
454,
460,
463,
471,
475,
480,
481,
492,
503,
512,
515,
519,
527,
532,
535,
539,
546,
548,
552,
555,
559,
561,
565,
576,
579,
589,
591,
602,
604,
608,
613,
620,
623,
633,
636,
646,
652,
656,
665,
668,
673,
676,
679,
681,
684,
686,
690,
696,
706,
709,
717,
721,
727,
736
]
} | 8efbe74141ff4d70984c18f55dec797a | What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"countries",
"had",
"Tajikistan",
"been",
"working",
"with",
"to",
"use",
"ports",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
15,
19,
30,
35,
43,
48,
51,
55,
60
]
} | {
"text": [
"Iran and Pakistan"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
167
],
"end": [
183
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
30
],
"end": [
32
]
}
]
} | [
"Iran and Pakistan"
] |
SQuAD | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries. | {
"tokens": [
"As",
"a",
"landlocked",
"country",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"no",
"ports",
"and",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"transportation",
"is",
"via",
"roads",
",",
"air",
",",
"and",
"rail",
".",
"In",
"recent",
"years",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"pursued",
"agreements",
"with",
"Iran",
"and",
"Pakistan",
"to",
"gain",
"port",
"access",
"in",
"those",
"countries",
"via",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"In",
"2009",
",",
"an",
"agreement",
"was",
"made",
"between",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Pakistan",
",",
"and",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"build",
"a",
"1,300",
"km",
"(",
"810",
"mi",
")",
"highway",
"and",
"rail",
"system",
"connecting",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"'s",
"ports",
".",
"The",
"proposed",
"route",
"would",
"go",
"through",
"the",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"eastern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
".",
"And",
"in",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"presidents",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
",",
"and",
"Iran",
"signed",
"an",
"agreement",
"to",
"construct",
"roads",
"and",
"railways",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"oil",
",",
"gas",
",",
"and",
"water",
"pipelines",
"to",
"connect",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
5,
16,
24,
35,
39,
42,
48,
52,
56,
65,
68,
83,
86,
90,
95,
97,
100,
102,
106,
110,
112,
115,
122,
128,
139,
143,
151,
162,
167,
172,
176,
185,
188,
193,
198,
205,
208,
214,
224,
228,
239,
241,
244,
248,
250,
253,
263,
267,
272,
280,
290,
292,
300,
302,
306,
318,
321,
329,
333,
339,
341,
347,
350,
351,
355,
357,
359,
367,
371,
376,
383,
394,
398,
404,
414,
417,
425,
428,
433,
435,
439,
448,
454,
460,
463,
471,
475,
480,
481,
492,
503,
512,
515,
519,
527,
532,
535,
539,
546,
548,
552,
555,
559,
561,
565,
576,
579,
589,
591,
602,
604,
608,
613,
620,
623,
633,
636,
646,
652,
656,
665,
668,
673,
676,
679,
681,
684,
686,
690,
696,
706,
709,
717,
721,
727,
736
]
} | ec62fe9860844419a3707ebcf774f363 | What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"countries",
"did",
"Tajikistan",
"agree",
"with",
"to",
"build",
"a",
"highway",
"and",
"a",
"rail",
"way",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
15,
19,
30,
36,
41,
44,
50,
52,
60,
64,
66,
71,
74
]
} | {
"text": [
"Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
280
],
"end": [
316
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
51
],
"end": [
56
]
}
]
} | [
"Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan"
] |
SQuAD | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries. | {
"tokens": [
"As",
"a",
"landlocked",
"country",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"no",
"ports",
"and",
"the",
"majority",
"of",
"transportation",
"is",
"via",
"roads",
",",
"air",
",",
"and",
"rail",
".",
"In",
"recent",
"years",
"Tajikistan",
"has",
"pursued",
"agreements",
"with",
"Iran",
"and",
"Pakistan",
"to",
"gain",
"port",
"access",
"in",
"those",
"countries",
"via",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"In",
"2009",
",",
"an",
"agreement",
"was",
"made",
"between",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Pakistan",
",",
"and",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"build",
"a",
"1,300",
"km",
"(",
"810",
"mi",
")",
"highway",
"and",
"rail",
"system",
"connecting",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"'s",
"ports",
".",
"The",
"proposed",
"route",
"would",
"go",
"through",
"the",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"eastern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
".",
"And",
"in",
"2012",
",",
"the",
"presidents",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
",",
"and",
"Iran",
"signed",
"an",
"agreement",
"to",
"construct",
"roads",
"and",
"railways",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"oil",
",",
"gas",
",",
"and",
"water",
"pipelines",
"to",
"connect",
"the",
"three",
"countries",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
5,
16,
24,
35,
39,
42,
48,
52,
56,
65,
68,
83,
86,
90,
95,
97,
100,
102,
106,
110,
112,
115,
122,
128,
139,
143,
151,
162,
167,
172,
176,
185,
188,
193,
198,
205,
208,
214,
224,
228,
239,
241,
244,
248,
250,
253,
263,
267,
272,
280,
290,
292,
300,
302,
306,
318,
321,
329,
333,
339,
341,
347,
350,
351,
355,
357,
359,
367,
371,
376,
383,
394,
398,
404,
414,
417,
425,
428,
433,
435,
439,
448,
454,
460,
463,
471,
475,
480,
481,
492,
503,
512,
515,
519,
527,
532,
535,
539,
546,
548,
552,
555,
559,
561,
565,
576,
579,
589,
591,
602,
604,
608,
613,
620,
623,
633,
636,
646,
652,
656,
665,
668,
673,
676,
679,
681,
684,
686,
690,
696,
706,
709,
717,
721,
727,
736
]
} | 57869148e98d4d4ca85e87970caf7212 | What year was the agreement signed? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"year",
"was",
"the",
"agreement",
"signed",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
18,
28,
34
]
} | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
555
],
"end": [
558
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
103
],
"end": [
103
]
}
]
} | [
"2012"
] |
SQuAD | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency. | {
"tokens": [
"Drug",
"trafficking",
"is",
"the",
"major",
"illegal",
"source",
"of",
"income",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"as",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"important",
"transit",
"country",
"for",
"Afghan",
"narcotics",
"bound",
"for",
"Russian",
"and",
",",
"to",
"a",
"lesser",
"extent",
",",
"Western",
"European",
"markets",
";",
"some",
"opium",
"poppy",
"is",
"also",
"raised",
"locally",
"for",
"the",
"domestic",
"market",
".",
"However",
",",
"with",
"the",
"increasing",
"assistance",
"from",
"international",
"organizations",
",",
"such",
"as",
"UNODC",
",",
"and",
"cooperation",
"with",
"the",
"US",
",",
"Russian",
",",
"EU",
"and",
"Afghan",
"authorities",
"a",
"level",
"of",
"progress",
"on",
"the",
"fight",
"against",
"illegal",
"drug",
"-",
"trafficking",
"is",
"being",
"achieved",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"holds",
"third",
"place",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"for",
"heroin",
"and",
"raw",
"opium",
"confiscations",
"(",
"1216.3",
"kg",
"of",
"heroin",
"and",
"267.8",
"kg",
"of",
"raw",
"opium",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"half",
"of",
"2006",
")",
".",
"Drug",
"money",
"corrupts",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"government",
";",
"according",
"to",
"some",
"experts",
"the",
"well",
"-",
"known",
"personalities",
"that",
"fought",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"of",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"and",
"have",
"held",
"the",
"positions",
"in",
"the",
"government",
"after",
"the",
"armistice",
"was",
"signed",
"are",
"now",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"drug",
"trade",
".",
"UNODC",
"is",
"working",
"with",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"strengthen",
"border",
"crossings",
",",
"provide",
"training",
",",
"and",
"set",
"up",
"joint",
"interdiction",
"teams",
".",
"It",
"also",
"helped",
"to",
"establish",
"Tajikistani",
"Drug",
"Control",
"Agency",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
17,
20,
24,
30,
38,
45,
48,
55,
58,
69,
72,
75,
78,
81,
91,
99,
107,
111,
118,
128,
134,
138,
146,
149,
151,
154,
156,
163,
169,
171,
179,
188,
195,
197,
202,
208,
214,
217,
222,
229,
237,
241,
245,
254,
260,
262,
269,
271,
276,
280,
291,
302,
307,
321,
334,
336,
341,
344,
349,
351,
355,
367,
372,
376,
378,
380,
387,
389,
392,
396,
403,
415,
417,
423,
426,
435,
438,
442,
448,
456,
464,
468,
469,
481,
484,
490,
498,
500,
511,
517,
523,
529,
532,
536,
542,
546,
553,
557,
561,
567,
581,
582,
589,
592,
595,
602,
606,
612,
615,
618,
622,
628,
631,
635,
641,
646,
649,
653,
654,
656,
661,
667,
676,
680,
687,
690,
700,
702,
712,
715,
720,
728,
732,
736,
737,
743,
757,
762,
769,
772,
777,
783,
786,
790,
796,
800,
804,
809,
814,
818,
828,
831,
835,
846,
852,
856,
866,
870,
877,
881,
885,
894,
897,
901,
906,
911,
913,
919,
922,
930,
935,
946,
949,
960,
967,
976,
978,
986,
994,
996,
1000,
1004,
1007,
1013,
1026,
1031,
1033,
1036,
1041,
1048,
1051,
1061,
1073,
1078,
1086,
1092
]
} | 7feaf3e67db949308b86a69fdc8bf94b | What is raised locally for the domestic market? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"raised",
"locally",
"for",
"the",
"domestic",
"market",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
15,
23,
27,
31,
40,
46
]
} | {
"text": [
"opium poppy"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
202
],
"end": [
212
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
36
],
"end": [
37
]
}
]
} | [
"opium poppy"
] |
SQuAD | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency. | {
"tokens": [
"Drug",
"trafficking",
"is",
"the",
"major",
"illegal",
"source",
"of",
"income",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"as",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"important",
"transit",
"country",
"for",
"Afghan",
"narcotics",
"bound",
"for",
"Russian",
"and",
",",
"to",
"a",
"lesser",
"extent",
",",
"Western",
"European",
"markets",
";",
"some",
"opium",
"poppy",
"is",
"also",
"raised",
"locally",
"for",
"the",
"domestic",
"market",
".",
"However",
",",
"with",
"the",
"increasing",
"assistance",
"from",
"international",
"organizations",
",",
"such",
"as",
"UNODC",
",",
"and",
"cooperation",
"with",
"the",
"US",
",",
"Russian",
",",
"EU",
"and",
"Afghan",
"authorities",
"a",
"level",
"of",
"progress",
"on",
"the",
"fight",
"against",
"illegal",
"drug",
"-",
"trafficking",
"is",
"being",
"achieved",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"holds",
"third",
"place",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"for",
"heroin",
"and",
"raw",
"opium",
"confiscations",
"(",
"1216.3",
"kg",
"of",
"heroin",
"and",
"267.8",
"kg",
"of",
"raw",
"opium",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"half",
"of",
"2006",
")",
".",
"Drug",
"money",
"corrupts",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"government",
";",
"according",
"to",
"some",
"experts",
"the",
"well",
"-",
"known",
"personalities",
"that",
"fought",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"of",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"and",
"have",
"held",
"the",
"positions",
"in",
"the",
"government",
"after",
"the",
"armistice",
"was",
"signed",
"are",
"now",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"drug",
"trade",
".",
"UNODC",
"is",
"working",
"with",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"strengthen",
"border",
"crossings",
",",
"provide",
"training",
",",
"and",
"set",
"up",
"joint",
"interdiction",
"teams",
".",
"It",
"also",
"helped",
"to",
"establish",
"Tajikistani",
"Drug",
"Control",
"Agency",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
17,
20,
24,
30,
38,
45,
48,
55,
58,
69,
72,
75,
78,
81,
91,
99,
107,
111,
118,
128,
134,
138,
146,
149,
151,
154,
156,
163,
169,
171,
179,
188,
195,
197,
202,
208,
214,
217,
222,
229,
237,
241,
245,
254,
260,
262,
269,
271,
276,
280,
291,
302,
307,
321,
334,
336,
341,
344,
349,
351,
355,
367,
372,
376,
378,
380,
387,
389,
392,
396,
403,
415,
417,
423,
426,
435,
438,
442,
448,
456,
464,
468,
469,
481,
484,
490,
498,
500,
511,
517,
523,
529,
532,
536,
542,
546,
553,
557,
561,
567,
581,
582,
589,
592,
595,
602,
606,
612,
615,
618,
622,
628,
631,
635,
641,
646,
649,
653,
654,
656,
661,
667,
676,
680,
687,
690,
700,
702,
712,
715,
720,
728,
732,
736,
737,
743,
757,
762,
769,
772,
777,
783,
786,
790,
796,
800,
804,
809,
814,
818,
828,
831,
835,
846,
852,
856,
866,
870,
877,
881,
885,
894,
897,
901,
906,
911,
913,
919,
922,
930,
935,
946,
949,
960,
967,
976,
978,
986,
994,
996,
1000,
1004,
1007,
1013,
1026,
1031,
1033,
1036,
1041,
1048,
1051,
1061,
1073,
1078,
1086,
1092
]
} | b7919af662764299b9c4293667f90fa8 | What all has helped with the fight against drugs? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"all",
"has",
"helped",
"with",
"the",
"fight",
"against",
"drugs",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
20,
25,
29,
35,
43,
48
]
} | {
"text": [
"with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
271
],
"end": [
413
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
49
],
"end": [
72
]
}
]
} | [
"with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities"
] |
SQuAD | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency. | {
"tokens": [
"Drug",
"trafficking",
"is",
"the",
"major",
"illegal",
"source",
"of",
"income",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"as",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"important",
"transit",
"country",
"for",
"Afghan",
"narcotics",
"bound",
"for",
"Russian",
"and",
",",
"to",
"a",
"lesser",
"extent",
",",
"Western",
"European",
"markets",
";",
"some",
"opium",
"poppy",
"is",
"also",
"raised",
"locally",
"for",
"the",
"domestic",
"market",
".",
"However",
",",
"with",
"the",
"increasing",
"assistance",
"from",
"international",
"organizations",
",",
"such",
"as",
"UNODC",
",",
"and",
"cooperation",
"with",
"the",
"US",
",",
"Russian",
",",
"EU",
"and",
"Afghan",
"authorities",
"a",
"level",
"of",
"progress",
"on",
"the",
"fight",
"against",
"illegal",
"drug",
"-",
"trafficking",
"is",
"being",
"achieved",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"holds",
"third",
"place",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"for",
"heroin",
"and",
"raw",
"opium",
"confiscations",
"(",
"1216.3",
"kg",
"of",
"heroin",
"and",
"267.8",
"kg",
"of",
"raw",
"opium",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"half",
"of",
"2006",
")",
".",
"Drug",
"money",
"corrupts",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"government",
";",
"according",
"to",
"some",
"experts",
"the",
"well",
"-",
"known",
"personalities",
"that",
"fought",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"of",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"and",
"have",
"held",
"the",
"positions",
"in",
"the",
"government",
"after",
"the",
"armistice",
"was",
"signed",
"are",
"now",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"drug",
"trade",
".",
"UNODC",
"is",
"working",
"with",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"strengthen",
"border",
"crossings",
",",
"provide",
"training",
",",
"and",
"set",
"up",
"joint",
"interdiction",
"teams",
".",
"It",
"also",
"helped",
"to",
"establish",
"Tajikistani",
"Drug",
"Control",
"Agency",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
17,
20,
24,
30,
38,
45,
48,
55,
58,
69,
72,
75,
78,
81,
91,
99,
107,
111,
118,
128,
134,
138,
146,
149,
151,
154,
156,
163,
169,
171,
179,
188,
195,
197,
202,
208,
214,
217,
222,
229,
237,
241,
245,
254,
260,
262,
269,
271,
276,
280,
291,
302,
307,
321,
334,
336,
341,
344,
349,
351,
355,
367,
372,
376,
378,
380,
387,
389,
392,
396,
403,
415,
417,
423,
426,
435,
438,
442,
448,
456,
464,
468,
469,
481,
484,
490,
498,
500,
511,
517,
523,
529,
532,
536,
542,
546,
553,
557,
561,
567,
581,
582,
589,
592,
595,
602,
606,
612,
615,
618,
622,
628,
631,
635,
641,
646,
649,
653,
654,
656,
661,
667,
676,
680,
687,
690,
700,
702,
712,
715,
720,
728,
732,
736,
737,
743,
757,
762,
769,
772,
777,
783,
786,
790,
796,
800,
804,
809,
814,
818,
828,
831,
835,
846,
852,
856,
866,
870,
877,
881,
885,
894,
897,
901,
906,
911,
913,
919,
922,
930,
935,
946,
949,
960,
967,
976,
978,
986,
994,
996,
1000,
1004,
1007,
1013,
1026,
1031,
1033,
1036,
1041,
1048,
1051,
1061,
1073,
1078,
1086,
1092
]
} | 2186a3dea0244dfca9713a3d3f4c741b | Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations? | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"is",
"thrid",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"for",
"what",
"type",
"of",
"confiscations",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
14,
20,
23,
27,
33,
37,
42,
47,
50,
63
]
} | {
"text": [
"heroin and raw opium confiscations"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
546
],
"end": [
579
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
97
],
"end": [
101
]
}
]
} | [
"heroin and raw opium confiscations"
] |
SQuAD | Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency. | {
"tokens": [
"Drug",
"trafficking",
"is",
"the",
"major",
"illegal",
"source",
"of",
"income",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"as",
"it",
"is",
"an",
"important",
"transit",
"country",
"for",
"Afghan",
"narcotics",
"bound",
"for",
"Russian",
"and",
",",
"to",
"a",
"lesser",
"extent",
",",
"Western",
"European",
"markets",
";",
"some",
"opium",
"poppy",
"is",
"also",
"raised",
"locally",
"for",
"the",
"domestic",
"market",
".",
"However",
",",
"with",
"the",
"increasing",
"assistance",
"from",
"international",
"organizations",
",",
"such",
"as",
"UNODC",
",",
"and",
"cooperation",
"with",
"the",
"US",
",",
"Russian",
",",
"EU",
"and",
"Afghan",
"authorities",
"a",
"level",
"of",
"progress",
"on",
"the",
"fight",
"against",
"illegal",
"drug",
"-",
"trafficking",
"is",
"being",
"achieved",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"holds",
"third",
"place",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"for",
"heroin",
"and",
"raw",
"opium",
"confiscations",
"(",
"1216.3",
"kg",
"of",
"heroin",
"and",
"267.8",
"kg",
"of",
"raw",
"opium",
"in",
"the",
"first",
"half",
"of",
"2006",
")",
".",
"Drug",
"money",
"corrupts",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"government",
";",
"according",
"to",
"some",
"experts",
"the",
"well",
"-",
"known",
"personalities",
"that",
"fought",
"on",
"both",
"sides",
"of",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"and",
"have",
"held",
"the",
"positions",
"in",
"the",
"government",
"after",
"the",
"armistice",
"was",
"signed",
"are",
"now",
"involved",
"in",
"the",
"drug",
"trade",
".",
"UNODC",
"is",
"working",
"with",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"strengthen",
"border",
"crossings",
",",
"provide",
"training",
",",
"and",
"set",
"up",
"joint",
"interdiction",
"teams",
".",
"It",
"also",
"helped",
"to",
"establish",
"Tajikistani",
"Drug",
"Control",
"Agency",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
17,
20,
24,
30,
38,
45,
48,
55,
58,
69,
72,
75,
78,
81,
91,
99,
107,
111,
118,
128,
134,
138,
146,
149,
151,
154,
156,
163,
169,
171,
179,
188,
195,
197,
202,
208,
214,
217,
222,
229,
237,
241,
245,
254,
260,
262,
269,
271,
276,
280,
291,
302,
307,
321,
334,
336,
341,
344,
349,
351,
355,
367,
372,
376,
378,
380,
387,
389,
392,
396,
403,
415,
417,
423,
426,
435,
438,
442,
448,
456,
464,
468,
469,
481,
484,
490,
498,
500,
511,
517,
523,
529,
532,
536,
542,
546,
553,
557,
561,
567,
581,
582,
589,
592,
595,
602,
606,
612,
615,
618,
622,
628,
631,
635,
641,
646,
649,
653,
654,
656,
661,
667,
676,
680,
687,
690,
700,
702,
712,
715,
720,
728,
732,
736,
737,
743,
757,
762,
769,
772,
777,
783,
786,
790,
796,
800,
804,
809,
814,
818,
828,
831,
835,
846,
852,
856,
866,
870,
877,
881,
885,
894,
897,
901,
906,
911,
913,
919,
922,
930,
935,
946,
949,
960,
967,
976,
978,
986,
994,
996,
1000,
1004,
1007,
1013,
1026,
1031,
1033,
1036,
1041,
1048,
1051,
1061,
1073,
1078,
1086,
1092
]
} | d06a9adb5f2c4e7a9c7725aa2711c994 | What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"UNODC",
"helping",
"Tajikistan",
"with",
"to",
"help",
"the",
"war",
"on",
"drugs",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
14,
22,
33,
38,
41,
46,
50,
54,
57,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
949
],
"end": [
1091
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
174
],
"end": [
196
]
}
]
} | [
"strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency"
] |
SQuAD | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"2009",
"Tajikistan",
"had",
"26",
"airports",
",",
"18",
"of",
"which",
"had",
"paved",
"runways",
",",
"of",
"which",
"two",
"had",
"runways",
"longer",
"than",
"3,000",
"meters",
".",
"The",
"country",
"'s",
"main",
"airport",
"is",
"Dushanbe",
"International",
"Airport",
"which",
"as",
"of",
"April",
"2015",
",",
"had",
"regularly",
"scheduled",
"flights",
"to",
"major",
"cities",
"in",
"Russia",
",",
"Central",
"Asia",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"Delhi",
",",
"Dubai",
",",
"Frankfurt",
",",
"Istanbul",
",",
"Kabul",
",",
"Tehran",
",",
"and",
"Ürümqi",
"amongst",
"others",
".",
"There",
"are",
"also",
"international",
"flights",
",",
"mainly",
"to",
"Russia",
",",
"from",
"Khujand",
"Airport",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"limited",
"international",
"services",
"from",
"Kulob",
"Airport",
",",
"and",
"Qurghonteppa",
"International",
"Airport",
".",
"Khorog",
"Airport",
"is",
"a",
"domestic",
"airport",
"and",
"also",
"the",
"only",
"airport",
"in",
"the",
"sparsely",
"populated",
"eastern",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
8,
19,
23,
26,
34,
36,
39,
42,
48,
52,
58,
65,
67,
70,
76,
80,
84,
92,
99,
104,
110,
116,
118,
122,
129,
132,
137,
145,
148,
157,
171,
179,
185,
188,
191,
197,
201,
203,
207,
217,
227,
235,
238,
244,
251,
254,
260,
262,
270,
274,
276,
279,
284,
287,
292,
294,
299,
301,
310,
312,
320,
322,
327,
329,
335,
337,
341,
348,
356,
362,
364,
370,
374,
379,
393,
400,
402,
409,
412,
418,
420,
425,
433,
441,
444,
448,
457,
462,
465,
469,
477,
480,
485,
488,
496,
510,
519,
524,
530,
537,
539,
543,
556,
570,
577,
579,
586,
594,
597,
599,
608,
616,
620,
625,
629,
634,
642,
645,
649,
658,
668,
676,
681,
684,
688,
695
]
} | 779d9b7c085e4b2281668c169c888dea | How many airports does Tajikistan have? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"airports",
"does",
"Tajikistan",
"have",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
18,
23,
34,
38
]
} | {
"text": [
"26 airports"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
23
],
"end": [
33
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
4
],
"end": [
5
]
}
]
} | [
"26 airports"
] |
SQuAD | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"2009",
"Tajikistan",
"had",
"26",
"airports",
",",
"18",
"of",
"which",
"had",
"paved",
"runways",
",",
"of",
"which",
"two",
"had",
"runways",
"longer",
"than",
"3,000",
"meters",
".",
"The",
"country",
"'s",
"main",
"airport",
"is",
"Dushanbe",
"International",
"Airport",
"which",
"as",
"of",
"April",
"2015",
",",
"had",
"regularly",
"scheduled",
"flights",
"to",
"major",
"cities",
"in",
"Russia",
",",
"Central",
"Asia",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"Delhi",
",",
"Dubai",
",",
"Frankfurt",
",",
"Istanbul",
",",
"Kabul",
",",
"Tehran",
",",
"and",
"Ürümqi",
"amongst",
"others",
".",
"There",
"are",
"also",
"international",
"flights",
",",
"mainly",
"to",
"Russia",
",",
"from",
"Khujand",
"Airport",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"limited",
"international",
"services",
"from",
"Kulob",
"Airport",
",",
"and",
"Qurghonteppa",
"International",
"Airport",
".",
"Khorog",
"Airport",
"is",
"a",
"domestic",
"airport",
"and",
"also",
"the",
"only",
"airport",
"in",
"the",
"sparsely",
"populated",
"eastern",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
8,
19,
23,
26,
34,
36,
39,
42,
48,
52,
58,
65,
67,
70,
76,
80,
84,
92,
99,
104,
110,
116,
118,
122,
129,
132,
137,
145,
148,
157,
171,
179,
185,
188,
191,
197,
201,
203,
207,
217,
227,
235,
238,
244,
251,
254,
260,
262,
270,
274,
276,
279,
284,
287,
292,
294,
299,
301,
310,
312,
320,
322,
327,
329,
335,
337,
341,
348,
356,
362,
364,
370,
374,
379,
393,
400,
402,
409,
412,
418,
420,
425,
433,
441,
444,
448,
457,
462,
465,
469,
477,
480,
485,
488,
496,
510,
519,
524,
530,
537,
539,
543,
556,
570,
577,
579,
586,
594,
597,
599,
608,
616,
620,
625,
629,
634,
642,
645,
649,
658,
668,
676,
681,
684,
688,
695
]
} | 0243fa324ae5407e8974e485b5dbf40d | What is the country's main airport? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"main",
"airport",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
19,
22,
27,
34
]
} | {
"text": [
"Dushanbe International Airport"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
148
],
"end": [
177
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
30
],
"end": [
32
]
}
]
} | [
"Dushanbe International Airport"
] |
SQuAD | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"2009",
"Tajikistan",
"had",
"26",
"airports",
",",
"18",
"of",
"which",
"had",
"paved",
"runways",
",",
"of",
"which",
"two",
"had",
"runways",
"longer",
"than",
"3,000",
"meters",
".",
"The",
"country",
"'s",
"main",
"airport",
"is",
"Dushanbe",
"International",
"Airport",
"which",
"as",
"of",
"April",
"2015",
",",
"had",
"regularly",
"scheduled",
"flights",
"to",
"major",
"cities",
"in",
"Russia",
",",
"Central",
"Asia",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"Delhi",
",",
"Dubai",
",",
"Frankfurt",
",",
"Istanbul",
",",
"Kabul",
",",
"Tehran",
",",
"and",
"Ürümqi",
"amongst",
"others",
".",
"There",
"are",
"also",
"international",
"flights",
",",
"mainly",
"to",
"Russia",
",",
"from",
"Khujand",
"Airport",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"limited",
"international",
"services",
"from",
"Kulob",
"Airport",
",",
"and",
"Qurghonteppa",
"International",
"Airport",
".",
"Khorog",
"Airport",
"is",
"a",
"domestic",
"airport",
"and",
"also",
"the",
"only",
"airport",
"in",
"the",
"sparsely",
"populated",
"eastern",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
8,
19,
23,
26,
34,
36,
39,
42,
48,
52,
58,
65,
67,
70,
76,
80,
84,
92,
99,
104,
110,
116,
118,
122,
129,
132,
137,
145,
148,
157,
171,
179,
185,
188,
191,
197,
201,
203,
207,
217,
227,
235,
238,
244,
251,
254,
260,
262,
270,
274,
276,
279,
284,
287,
292,
294,
299,
301,
310,
312,
320,
322,
327,
329,
335,
337,
341,
348,
356,
362,
364,
370,
374,
379,
393,
400,
402,
409,
412,
418,
420,
425,
433,
441,
444,
448,
457,
462,
465,
469,
477,
480,
485,
488,
496,
510,
519,
524,
530,
537,
539,
543,
556,
570,
577,
579,
586,
594,
597,
599,
608,
616,
620,
625,
629,
634,
642,
645,
649,
658,
668,
676,
681,
684,
688,
695
]
} | 113050aa13e541188a5c3409aa9e2604 | Where are the international flights maining going to? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"are",
"the",
"international",
"flights",
"maining",
"going",
"to",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
10,
14,
28,
36,
44,
50,
52
]
} | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
254
],
"end": [
259
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
47
],
"end": [
47
]
}
]
} | [
"Russia"
] |
SQuAD | In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country. | {
"tokens": [
"In",
"2009",
"Tajikistan",
"had",
"26",
"airports",
",",
"18",
"of",
"which",
"had",
"paved",
"runways",
",",
"of",
"which",
"two",
"had",
"runways",
"longer",
"than",
"3,000",
"meters",
".",
"The",
"country",
"'s",
"main",
"airport",
"is",
"Dushanbe",
"International",
"Airport",
"which",
"as",
"of",
"April",
"2015",
",",
"had",
"regularly",
"scheduled",
"flights",
"to",
"major",
"cities",
"in",
"Russia",
",",
"Central",
"Asia",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"Delhi",
",",
"Dubai",
",",
"Frankfurt",
",",
"Istanbul",
",",
"Kabul",
",",
"Tehran",
",",
"and",
"Ürümqi",
"amongst",
"others",
".",
"There",
"are",
"also",
"international",
"flights",
",",
"mainly",
"to",
"Russia",
",",
"from",
"Khujand",
"Airport",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"limited",
"international",
"services",
"from",
"Kulob",
"Airport",
",",
"and",
"Qurghonteppa",
"International",
"Airport",
".",
"Khorog",
"Airport",
"is",
"a",
"domestic",
"airport",
"and",
"also",
"the",
"only",
"airport",
"in",
"the",
"sparsely",
"populated",
"eastern",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
8,
19,
23,
26,
34,
36,
39,
42,
48,
52,
58,
65,
67,
70,
76,
80,
84,
92,
99,
104,
110,
116,
118,
122,
129,
132,
137,
145,
148,
157,
171,
179,
185,
188,
191,
197,
201,
203,
207,
217,
227,
235,
238,
244,
251,
254,
260,
262,
270,
274,
276,
279,
284,
287,
292,
294,
299,
301,
310,
312,
320,
322,
327,
329,
335,
337,
341,
348,
356,
362,
364,
370,
374,
379,
393,
400,
402,
409,
412,
418,
420,
425,
433,
441,
444,
448,
457,
462,
465,
469,
477,
480,
485,
488,
496,
510,
519,
524,
530,
537,
539,
543,
556,
570,
577,
579,
586,
594,
597,
599,
608,
616,
620,
625,
629,
634,
642,
645,
649,
658,
668,
676,
681,
684,
688,
695
]
} | 9ea8451e1c8241ebb1fd6886476d81ba | What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"name",
"of",
"the",
"airport",
"in",
"the",
"eastern",
"half",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
17,
20,
24,
32,
35,
39,
47,
52,
55,
59,
66
]
} | {
"text": [
"Khorog Airport"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
579
],
"end": [
592
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
107
],
"end": [
108
]
}
]
} | [
"Khorog Airport"
] |
SQuAD | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory. | {
"tokens": [
"Relationships",
"between",
"religious",
"groups",
"are",
"generally",
"amicable",
",",
"although",
"there",
"is",
"some",
"concern",
"among",
"mainstream",
"Muslim",
"leaders[who",
"?",
"]",
"that",
"minority",
"religious",
"groups",
"undermine",
"national",
"unity",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"concern",
"for",
"religious",
"institutions",
"becoming",
"active",
"in",
"the",
"political",
"sphere",
".",
"The",
"Islamic",
"Renaissance",
"Party",
"(",
"IRP",
")",
",",
"a",
"major",
"combatant",
"in",
"the",
"1992–1997",
"Civil",
"War",
"and",
"then",
"-",
"proponent",
"of",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"an",
"Islamic",
"state",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"constitutes",
"no",
"more",
"than",
"30",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"government",
"by",
"statute",
".",
"Membership",
"in",
"Hizb",
"ut",
"-",
"Tahrir",
",",
"a",
"militant",
"Islamic",
"party",
"which",
"today",
"aims",
"for",
"an",
"overthrow",
"of",
"secular",
"governments",
"and",
"the",
"unification",
"of",
"Tajiks",
"under",
"one",
"Islamic",
"state",
",",
"is",
"illegal",
"and",
"members",
"are",
"subject",
"to",
"arrest",
"and",
"imprisonment",
".",
"Numbers",
"of",
"large",
"mosques",
"appropriate",
"for",
"Friday",
"prayers",
"are",
"limited",
"and",
"some[who",
"?",
"]",
"feel",
"this",
"is",
"discriminatory",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
22,
32,
39,
43,
53,
61,
63,
72,
78,
81,
86,
94,
100,
111,
118,
129,
130,
132,
137,
146,
156,
163,
173,
182,
187,
189,
195,
198,
200,
208,
212,
222,
235,
244,
251,
254,
258,
268,
274,
276,
280,
288,
300,
306,
307,
310,
311,
313,
315,
321,
331,
334,
338,
348,
354,
358,
362,
366,
367,
377,
380,
384,
393,
396,
399,
407,
413,
416,
426,
428,
440,
443,
448,
453,
455,
457,
460,
464,
475,
478,
485,
487,
498,
501,
506,
508,
509,
515,
517,
519,
528,
536,
542,
548,
554,
559,
563,
566,
576,
579,
587,
599,
603,
607,
619,
622,
629,
635,
639,
647,
652,
654,
657,
665,
669,
677,
681,
689,
692,
699,
703,
715,
717,
725,
728,
734,
742,
754,
758,
765,
773,
777,
785,
789,
797,
798,
800,
805,
810,
813,
827
]
} | 8f5d670923bb46a48ed5e86328c56ffa | What type of religions concerns are there? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"type",
"of",
"religions",
"concerns",
"are",
"there",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
23,
32,
36,
41
]
} | {
"text": [
"minority religious groups undermine national unity"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
137
],
"end": [
186
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
20
],
"end": [
25
]
}
]
} | [
"minority religious groups undermine national unity"
] |
SQuAD | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory. | {
"tokens": [
"Relationships",
"between",
"religious",
"groups",
"are",
"generally",
"amicable",
",",
"although",
"there",
"is",
"some",
"concern",
"among",
"mainstream",
"Muslim",
"leaders[who",
"?",
"]",
"that",
"minority",
"religious",
"groups",
"undermine",
"national",
"unity",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"concern",
"for",
"religious",
"institutions",
"becoming",
"active",
"in",
"the",
"political",
"sphere",
".",
"The",
"Islamic",
"Renaissance",
"Party",
"(",
"IRP",
")",
",",
"a",
"major",
"combatant",
"in",
"the",
"1992–1997",
"Civil",
"War",
"and",
"then",
"-",
"proponent",
"of",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"an",
"Islamic",
"state",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"constitutes",
"no",
"more",
"than",
"30",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"government",
"by",
"statute",
".",
"Membership",
"in",
"Hizb",
"ut",
"-",
"Tahrir",
",",
"a",
"militant",
"Islamic",
"party",
"which",
"today",
"aims",
"for",
"an",
"overthrow",
"of",
"secular",
"governments",
"and",
"the",
"unification",
"of",
"Tajiks",
"under",
"one",
"Islamic",
"state",
",",
"is",
"illegal",
"and",
"members",
"are",
"subject",
"to",
"arrest",
"and",
"imprisonment",
".",
"Numbers",
"of",
"large",
"mosques",
"appropriate",
"for",
"Friday",
"prayers",
"are",
"limited",
"and",
"some[who",
"?",
"]",
"feel",
"this",
"is",
"discriminatory",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
22,
32,
39,
43,
53,
61,
63,
72,
78,
81,
86,
94,
100,
111,
118,
129,
130,
132,
137,
146,
156,
163,
173,
182,
187,
189,
195,
198,
200,
208,
212,
222,
235,
244,
251,
254,
258,
268,
274,
276,
280,
288,
300,
306,
307,
310,
311,
313,
315,
321,
331,
334,
338,
348,
354,
358,
362,
366,
367,
377,
380,
384,
393,
396,
399,
407,
413,
416,
426,
428,
440,
443,
448,
453,
455,
457,
460,
464,
475,
478,
485,
487,
498,
501,
506,
508,
509,
515,
517,
519,
528,
536,
542,
548,
554,
559,
563,
566,
576,
579,
587,
599,
603,
607,
619,
622,
629,
635,
639,
647,
652,
654,
657,
665,
669,
677,
681,
689,
692,
699,
703,
715,
717,
725,
728,
734,
742,
754,
758,
765,
773,
777,
785,
789,
797,
798,
800,
805,
810,
813,
827
]
} | 87199303c2b2461da48294812e2a1c49 | What concerns for the religions institutions are there? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"concerns",
"for",
"the",
"religions",
"institutions",
"are",
"there",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
14,
18,
22,
32,
45,
49,
54
]
} | {
"text": [
"a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
198
],
"end": [
273
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
29
],
"end": [
39
]
}
]
} | [
"a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere"
] |
SQuAD | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory. | {
"tokens": [
"Relationships",
"between",
"religious",
"groups",
"are",
"generally",
"amicable",
",",
"although",
"there",
"is",
"some",
"concern",
"among",
"mainstream",
"Muslim",
"leaders[who",
"?",
"]",
"that",
"minority",
"religious",
"groups",
"undermine",
"national",
"unity",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"concern",
"for",
"religious",
"institutions",
"becoming",
"active",
"in",
"the",
"political",
"sphere",
".",
"The",
"Islamic",
"Renaissance",
"Party",
"(",
"IRP",
")",
",",
"a",
"major",
"combatant",
"in",
"the",
"1992–1997",
"Civil",
"War",
"and",
"then",
"-",
"proponent",
"of",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"an",
"Islamic",
"state",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"constitutes",
"no",
"more",
"than",
"30",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"government",
"by",
"statute",
".",
"Membership",
"in",
"Hizb",
"ut",
"-",
"Tahrir",
",",
"a",
"militant",
"Islamic",
"party",
"which",
"today",
"aims",
"for",
"an",
"overthrow",
"of",
"secular",
"governments",
"and",
"the",
"unification",
"of",
"Tajiks",
"under",
"one",
"Islamic",
"state",
",",
"is",
"illegal",
"and",
"members",
"are",
"subject",
"to",
"arrest",
"and",
"imprisonment",
".",
"Numbers",
"of",
"large",
"mosques",
"appropriate",
"for",
"Friday",
"prayers",
"are",
"limited",
"and",
"some[who",
"?",
"]",
"feel",
"this",
"is",
"discriminatory",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
22,
32,
39,
43,
53,
61,
63,
72,
78,
81,
86,
94,
100,
111,
118,
129,
130,
132,
137,
146,
156,
163,
173,
182,
187,
189,
195,
198,
200,
208,
212,
222,
235,
244,
251,
254,
258,
268,
274,
276,
280,
288,
300,
306,
307,
310,
311,
313,
315,
321,
331,
334,
338,
348,
354,
358,
362,
366,
367,
377,
380,
384,
393,
396,
399,
407,
413,
416,
426,
428,
440,
443,
448,
453,
455,
457,
460,
464,
475,
478,
485,
487,
498,
501,
506,
508,
509,
515,
517,
519,
528,
536,
542,
548,
554,
559,
563,
566,
576,
579,
587,
599,
603,
607,
619,
622,
629,
635,
639,
647,
652,
654,
657,
665,
669,
677,
681,
689,
692,
699,
703,
715,
717,
725,
728,
734,
742,
754,
758,
765,
773,
777,
785,
789,
797,
798,
800,
805,
810,
813,
827
]
} | f5fd3c7bb1524329a318c6f3db48d619 | What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"name",
"of",
"the",
"militant",
"Islamic",
"party",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
17,
20,
24,
33,
41,
47,
50,
60
]
} | {
"text": [
"Hizb ut-Tahrir"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
501
],
"end": [
514
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
85
],
"end": [
88
]
}
]
} | [
"Hizb ut-Tahrir"
] |
SQuAD | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory. | {
"tokens": [
"Relationships",
"between",
"religious",
"groups",
"are",
"generally",
"amicable",
",",
"although",
"there",
"is",
"some",
"concern",
"among",
"mainstream",
"Muslim",
"leaders[who",
"?",
"]",
"that",
"minority",
"religious",
"groups",
"undermine",
"national",
"unity",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"concern",
"for",
"religious",
"institutions",
"becoming",
"active",
"in",
"the",
"political",
"sphere",
".",
"The",
"Islamic",
"Renaissance",
"Party",
"(",
"IRP",
")",
",",
"a",
"major",
"combatant",
"in",
"the",
"1992–1997",
"Civil",
"War",
"and",
"then",
"-",
"proponent",
"of",
"the",
"creation",
"of",
"an",
"Islamic",
"state",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"constitutes",
"no",
"more",
"than",
"30",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"government",
"by",
"statute",
".",
"Membership",
"in",
"Hizb",
"ut",
"-",
"Tahrir",
",",
"a",
"militant",
"Islamic",
"party",
"which",
"today",
"aims",
"for",
"an",
"overthrow",
"of",
"secular",
"governments",
"and",
"the",
"unification",
"of",
"Tajiks",
"under",
"one",
"Islamic",
"state",
",",
"is",
"illegal",
"and",
"members",
"are",
"subject",
"to",
"arrest",
"and",
"imprisonment",
".",
"Numbers",
"of",
"large",
"mosques",
"appropriate",
"for",
"Friday",
"prayers",
"are",
"limited",
"and",
"some[who",
"?",
"]",
"feel",
"this",
"is",
"discriminatory",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
22,
32,
39,
43,
53,
61,
63,
72,
78,
81,
86,
94,
100,
111,
118,
129,
130,
132,
137,
146,
156,
163,
173,
182,
187,
189,
195,
198,
200,
208,
212,
222,
235,
244,
251,
254,
258,
268,
274,
276,
280,
288,
300,
306,
307,
310,
311,
313,
315,
321,
331,
334,
338,
348,
354,
358,
362,
366,
367,
377,
380,
384,
393,
396,
399,
407,
413,
416,
426,
428,
440,
443,
448,
453,
455,
457,
460,
464,
475,
478,
485,
487,
498,
501,
506,
508,
509,
515,
517,
519,
528,
536,
542,
548,
554,
559,
563,
566,
576,
579,
587,
599,
603,
607,
619,
622,
629,
635,
639,
647,
652,
654,
657,
665,
669,
677,
681,
689,
692,
699,
703,
715,
717,
725,
728,
734,
742,
754,
758,
765,
773,
777,
785,
789,
797,
798,
800,
805,
810,
813,
827
]
} | 9e10290c89044558af2d852fea286263 | What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"does",
"the",
"Hizb",
"ut",
"-",
"Tahrir",
"aim",
"for",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
19,
21,
22,
29,
33,
36
]
} | {
"text": [
"aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
554
],
"end": [
651
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
96
],
"end": [
111
]
}
]
} | [
"aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state"
] |
SQuAD | Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage. | {
"tokens": [
"Kinship",
"can",
"refer",
"both",
"to",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"in",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"human",
"cultures",
",",
"or",
"it",
"can",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"themselves",
".",
"Over",
"its",
"history",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"developed",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"related",
"concepts",
"and",
"terms",
",",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"descent",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"descent",
"groups",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"lineages",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"affines",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"cognates",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"even",
"\"",
"fictive",
"kinship",
"\"",
".",
"Broadly",
",",
"kinship",
"patterns",
"may",
"be",
"considered",
"to",
"include",
"people",
"related",
"both",
"by",
"descent",
"(",
"one",
"'s",
"social",
"relations",
"during",
"development",
")",
",",
"and",
"also",
"relatives",
"by",
"marriage",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
12,
18,
23,
26,
30,
36,
39,
43,
52,
55,
62,
76,
79,
83,
86,
91,
97,
105,
107,
110,
113,
117,
123,
126,
130,
139,
142,
149,
163,
173,
175,
180,
184,
191,
193,
206,
210,
220,
222,
229,
232,
240,
249,
253,
258,
260,
265,
268,
269,
276,
277,
279,
280,
288,
294,
295,
297,
298,
306,
307,
309,
310,
317,
318,
320,
321,
329,
330,
332,
336,
341,
342,
350,
357,
358,
360,
367,
369,
377,
386,
390,
393,
404,
407,
415,
422,
430,
435,
438,
446,
447,
450,
453,
460,
470,
477,
488,
489,
491,
495,
500,
510,
513,
521
]
} | 632f59ad6a8f41f8bcbbe8ee97e802f8 | What can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"can",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"patterns",
"in",
"human",
"cultures",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
15,
18,
22,
28,
31,
40,
43,
49,
57
]
} | {
"text": [
"Kinship"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
0,
369,
350
],
"end": [
6,
375,
356
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
0,
79,
74
],
"end": [
0,
79,
74
]
}
]
} | [
"Kinship"
] |
SQuAD | Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage. | {
"tokens": [
"Kinship",
"can",
"refer",
"both",
"to",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"in",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"human",
"cultures",
",",
"or",
"it",
"can",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"themselves",
".",
"Over",
"its",
"history",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"developed",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"related",
"concepts",
"and",
"terms",
",",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"descent",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"descent",
"groups",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"lineages",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"affines",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"cognates",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"even",
"\"",
"fictive",
"kinship",
"\"",
".",
"Broadly",
",",
"kinship",
"patterns",
"may",
"be",
"considered",
"to",
"include",
"people",
"related",
"both",
"by",
"descent",
"(",
"one",
"'s",
"social",
"relations",
"during",
"development",
")",
",",
"and",
"also",
"relatives",
"by",
"marriage",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
12,
18,
23,
26,
30,
36,
39,
43,
52,
55,
62,
76,
79,
83,
86,
91,
97,
105,
107,
110,
113,
117,
123,
126,
130,
139,
142,
149,
163,
173,
175,
180,
184,
191,
193,
206,
210,
220,
222,
229,
232,
240,
249,
253,
258,
260,
265,
268,
269,
276,
277,
279,
280,
288,
294,
295,
297,
298,
306,
307,
309,
310,
317,
318,
320,
321,
329,
330,
332,
336,
341,
342,
350,
357,
358,
360,
367,
369,
377,
386,
390,
393,
404,
407,
415,
422,
430,
435,
438,
446,
447,
450,
453,
460,
470,
477,
488,
489,
491,
495,
500,
510,
513,
521
]
} | d6148713930a40a78ee7aef8dbcd9d43 | What has developed a number of related concepts and terms? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"has",
"developed",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"related",
"concepts",
"and",
"terms",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
19,
21,
28,
31,
39,
48,
52,
57
]
} | {
"text": [
"anthropology"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
193
],
"end": [
204
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
36
],
"end": [
36
]
}
]
} | [
"anthropology"
] |
SQuAD | Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage. | {
"tokens": [
"Kinship",
"can",
"refer",
"both",
"to",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"in",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"human",
"cultures",
",",
"or",
"it",
"can",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"themselves",
".",
"Over",
"its",
"history",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"developed",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"related",
"concepts",
"and",
"terms",
",",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"descent",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"descent",
"groups",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"lineages",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"affines",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"cognates",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"even",
"\"",
"fictive",
"kinship",
"\"",
".",
"Broadly",
",",
"kinship",
"patterns",
"may",
"be",
"considered",
"to",
"include",
"people",
"related",
"both",
"by",
"descent",
"(",
"one",
"'s",
"social",
"relations",
"during",
"development",
")",
",",
"and",
"also",
"relatives",
"by",
"marriage",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
12,
18,
23,
26,
30,
36,
39,
43,
52,
55,
62,
76,
79,
83,
86,
91,
97,
105,
107,
110,
113,
117,
123,
126,
130,
139,
142,
149,
163,
173,
175,
180,
184,
191,
193,
206,
210,
220,
222,
229,
232,
240,
249,
253,
258,
260,
265,
268,
269,
276,
277,
279,
280,
288,
294,
295,
297,
298,
306,
307,
309,
310,
317,
318,
320,
321,
329,
330,
332,
336,
341,
342,
350,
357,
358,
360,
367,
369,
377,
386,
390,
393,
404,
407,
415,
422,
430,
435,
438,
446,
447,
450,
453,
460,
470,
477,
488,
489,
491,
495,
500,
510,
513,
521
]
} | 90ebd4ac6b554a97a7ddfe6e75ed066a | When has anthropology developed related terms? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"has",
"anthropology",
"developed",
"related",
"terms",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
22,
32,
40,
45
]
} | {
"text": [
"Over its history"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
175
],
"end": [
190
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
32
],
"end": [
34
]
}
]
} | [
"Over its history"
] |
SQuAD | Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage. | {
"tokens": [
"Kinship",
"can",
"refer",
"both",
"to",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"in",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"human",
"cultures",
",",
"or",
"it",
"can",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"themselves",
".",
"Over",
"its",
"history",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"developed",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"related",
"concepts",
"and",
"terms",
",",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"descent",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"descent",
"groups",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"lineages",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"affines",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"cognates",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"even",
"\"",
"fictive",
"kinship",
"\"",
".",
"Broadly",
",",
"kinship",
"patterns",
"may",
"be",
"considered",
"to",
"include",
"people",
"related",
"both",
"by",
"descent",
"(",
"one",
"'s",
"social",
"relations",
"during",
"development",
")",
",",
"and",
"also",
"relatives",
"by",
"marriage",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
12,
18,
23,
26,
30,
36,
39,
43,
52,
55,
62,
76,
79,
83,
86,
91,
97,
105,
107,
110,
113,
117,
123,
126,
130,
139,
142,
149,
163,
173,
175,
180,
184,
191,
193,
206,
210,
220,
222,
229,
232,
240,
249,
253,
258,
260,
265,
268,
269,
276,
277,
279,
280,
288,
294,
295,
297,
298,
306,
307,
309,
310,
317,
318,
320,
321,
329,
330,
332,
336,
341,
342,
350,
357,
358,
360,
367,
369,
377,
386,
390,
393,
404,
407,
415,
422,
430,
435,
438,
446,
447,
450,
453,
460,
470,
477,
488,
489,
491,
495,
500,
510,
513,
521
]
} | 9dd6636db3ba4f9cb8bf885fb6a05e91 | What does it mean if people are related by descent? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"does",
"it",
"mean",
"if",
"people",
"are",
"related",
"by",
"descent",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
18,
21,
28,
32,
40,
43,
50
]
} | {
"text": [
"one's social relations during development"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
447
],
"end": [
487
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
92
],
"end": [
97
]
}
]
} | [
"one's social relations during development"
] |
SQuAD | Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage. | {
"tokens": [
"Kinship",
"can",
"refer",
"both",
"to",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"in",
"one",
"or",
"more",
"human",
"cultures",
",",
"or",
"it",
"can",
"refer",
"to",
"the",
"patterns",
"of",
"social",
"relationships",
"themselves",
".",
"Over",
"its",
"history",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"developed",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"related",
"concepts",
"and",
"terms",
",",
"such",
"as",
"\"",
"descent",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"descent",
"groups",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"lineages",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"affines",
"\"",
",",
"\"",
"cognates",
"\"",
",",
"and",
"even",
"\"",
"fictive",
"kinship",
"\"",
".",
"Broadly",
",",
"kinship",
"patterns",
"may",
"be",
"considered",
"to",
"include",
"people",
"related",
"both",
"by",
"descent",
"(",
"one",
"'s",
"social",
"relations",
"during",
"development",
")",
",",
"and",
"also",
"relatives",
"by",
"marriage",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
12,
18,
23,
26,
30,
36,
39,
43,
52,
55,
62,
76,
79,
83,
86,
91,
97,
105,
107,
110,
113,
117,
123,
126,
130,
139,
142,
149,
163,
173,
175,
180,
184,
191,
193,
206,
210,
220,
222,
229,
232,
240,
249,
253,
258,
260,
265,
268,
269,
276,
277,
279,
280,
288,
294,
295,
297,
298,
306,
307,
309,
310,
317,
318,
320,
321,
329,
330,
332,
336,
341,
342,
350,
357,
358,
360,
367,
369,
377,
386,
390,
393,
404,
407,
415,
422,
430,
435,
438,
446,
447,
450,
453,
460,
470,
477,
488,
489,
491,
495,
500,
510,
513,
521
]
} | a02094f6b6f9473786522b31c0b54c67 | Kinship patterns can included people who are relatives by what cultural ritual involving the exchange of rings and sometimes dowry? | {
"tokens": [
"Kinship",
"patterns",
"can",
"included",
"people",
"who",
"are",
"relatives",
"by",
"what",
"cultural",
"ritual",
"involving",
"the",
"exchange",
"of",
"rings",
"and",
"sometimes",
"dowry",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
21,
30,
37,
41,
45,
55,
58,
63,
72,
79,
89,
93,
102,
105,
111,
115,
125,
130
]
} | {
"text": [
"marriage"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
513
],
"end": [
520
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
104
],
"end": [
104
]
}
]
} | [
"marriage"
] |
SQuAD | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"Pamiri",
"people",
"of",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"southeast",
",",
"bordering",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"China",
",",
"though",
"considered",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"Tajik",
"ethnicity",
",",
"nevertheless",
"are",
"distinct",
"linguistically",
"and",
"culturally",
"from",
"most",
"Tajiks",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
"to",
"the",
"mostly",
"Sunni",
"Muslim",
"residents",
"of",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"the",
"Pamiris",
"overwhelmingly",
"follow",
"the",
"Ismaili",
"sect",
"of",
"Islam",
",",
"and",
"speak",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"Eastern",
"Iranian",
"languages",
",",
"including",
"Shughni",
",",
"Rushani",
",",
"Khufi",
"and",
"Wakhi",
".",
"Isolated",
"in",
"the",
"highest",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"Pamir",
"Mountains",
",",
"they",
"have",
"preserved",
"many",
"ancient",
"cultural",
"traditions",
"and",
"folk",
"arts",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"largely",
"lost",
"elsewhere",
"in",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
11,
18,
21,
26,
27,
38,
49,
58,
61,
65,
74,
76,
86,
98,
102,
107,
109,
116,
127,
132,
135,
139,
145,
154,
156,
169,
173,
182,
197,
201,
212,
217,
222,
228,
230,
233,
242,
245,
249,
256,
262,
269,
279,
282,
286,
291,
294,
304,
306,
310,
318,
333,
340,
344,
352,
357,
360,
365,
367,
371,
377,
379,
386,
389,
397,
405,
414,
416,
426,
433,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
459,
461,
470,
473,
477,
485,
491,
494,
498,
504,
513,
515,
520,
525,
535,
540,
548,
557,
568,
572,
577,
582,
587,
592,
597,
605,
610,
620,
623,
627,
634
]
} | 0d6265d814af42ba9bcdc0429d7b8060 | What people live in the southeast area of the country? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"people",
"live",
"in",
"the",
"southeast",
"area",
"of",
"the",
"country",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
17,
20,
24,
34,
39,
42,
46,
53
]
} | {
"text": [
"The Pamiri people"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
4
],
"end": [
16
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
1
],
"end": [
2
]
}
]
} | [
"The Pamiri people"
] |
SQuAD | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"Pamiri",
"people",
"of",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"southeast",
",",
"bordering",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"China",
",",
"though",
"considered",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"Tajik",
"ethnicity",
",",
"nevertheless",
"are",
"distinct",
"linguistically",
"and",
"culturally",
"from",
"most",
"Tajiks",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
"to",
"the",
"mostly",
"Sunni",
"Muslim",
"residents",
"of",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"the",
"Pamiris",
"overwhelmingly",
"follow",
"the",
"Ismaili",
"sect",
"of",
"Islam",
",",
"and",
"speak",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"Eastern",
"Iranian",
"languages",
",",
"including",
"Shughni",
",",
"Rushani",
",",
"Khufi",
"and",
"Wakhi",
".",
"Isolated",
"in",
"the",
"highest",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"Pamir",
"Mountains",
",",
"they",
"have",
"preserved",
"many",
"ancient",
"cultural",
"traditions",
"and",
"folk",
"arts",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"largely",
"lost",
"elsewhere",
"in",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
11,
18,
21,
26,
27,
38,
49,
58,
61,
65,
74,
76,
86,
98,
102,
107,
109,
116,
127,
132,
135,
139,
145,
154,
156,
169,
173,
182,
197,
201,
212,
217,
222,
228,
230,
233,
242,
245,
249,
256,
262,
269,
279,
282,
286,
291,
294,
304,
306,
310,
318,
333,
340,
344,
352,
357,
360,
365,
367,
371,
377,
379,
386,
389,
397,
405,
414,
416,
426,
433,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
459,
461,
470,
473,
477,
485,
491,
494,
498,
504,
513,
515,
520,
525,
535,
540,
548,
557,
568,
572,
577,
582,
587,
592,
597,
605,
610,
620,
623,
627,
634
]
} | 97b8691380be4368bce4cd9b2986504c | How are they different than most Tajiks? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"are",
"they",
"different",
"than",
"most",
"Tajiks",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
8,
13,
23,
28,
33,
39
]
} | {
"text": [
"distinct linguistically and culturally"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
173
],
"end": [
210
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
28
],
"end": [
31
]
}
]
} | [
"distinct linguistically and culturally"
] |
SQuAD | The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"Pamiri",
"people",
"of",
"Gorno",
"-",
"Badakhshan",
"Autonomous",
"Province",
"in",
"the",
"southeast",
",",
"bordering",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"China",
",",
"though",
"considered",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"Tajik",
"ethnicity",
",",
"nevertheless",
"are",
"distinct",
"linguistically",
"and",
"culturally",
"from",
"most",
"Tajiks",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
"to",
"the",
"mostly",
"Sunni",
"Muslim",
"residents",
"of",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"the",
"Pamiris",
"overwhelmingly",
"follow",
"the",
"Ismaili",
"sect",
"of",
"Islam",
",",
"and",
"speak",
"a",
"number",
"of",
"Eastern",
"Iranian",
"languages",
",",
"including",
"Shughni",
",",
"Rushani",
",",
"Khufi",
"and",
"Wakhi",
".",
"Isolated",
"in",
"the",
"highest",
"parts",
"of",
"the",
"Pamir",
"Mountains",
",",
"they",
"have",
"preserved",
"many",
"ancient",
"cultural",
"traditions",
"and",
"folk",
"arts",
"that",
"have",
"been",
"largely",
"lost",
"elsewhere",
"in",
"the",
"country",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
11,
18,
21,
26,
27,
38,
49,
58,
61,
65,
74,
76,
86,
98,
102,
107,
109,
116,
127,
132,
135,
139,
145,
154,
156,
169,
173,
182,
197,
201,
212,
217,
222,
228,
230,
233,
242,
245,
249,
256,
262,
269,
279,
282,
286,
291,
294,
304,
306,
310,
318,
333,
340,
344,
352,
357,
360,
365,
367,
371,
377,
379,
386,
389,
397,
405,
414,
416,
426,
433,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
459,
461,
470,
473,
477,
485,
491,
494,
498,
504,
513,
515,
520,
525,
535,
540,
548,
557,
568,
572,
577,
582,
587,
592,
597,
605,
610,
620,
623,
627,
634
]
} | 1a3909b33b284a718924134e09c53d2f | What mountians do the Pamiri people call home? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"mountians",
"do",
"the",
"Pamiri",
"people",
"call",
"home",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
15,
18,
22,
29,
36,
41,
45
]
} | {
"text": [
"Pamir Mountains"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
498
],
"end": [
512
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
85
],
"end": [
86
]
}
]
} | [
"Pamir Mountains"
] |
SQuAD | By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice. | {
"tokens": [
"By",
"law",
",",
"religious",
"communities",
"must",
"register",
"by",
"the",
"State",
"Committee",
"on",
"Religious",
"Affairs",
"(",
"SCRA",
")",
"and",
"with",
"local",
"authorities",
".",
"Registration",
"with",
"the",
"SCRA",
"requires",
"a",
"charter",
",",
"a",
"list",
"of",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"members",
",",
"and",
"evidence",
"of",
"local",
"government",
"approval",
"prayer",
"site",
"location",
".",
"Religious",
"groups",
"who",
"do",
"not",
"have",
"a",
"physical",
"structure",
"are",
"not",
"allowed",
"to",
"gather",
"publicly",
"for",
"prayer",
".",
"Failure",
"to",
"register",
"can",
"result",
"in",
"large",
"fines",
"and",
"closure",
"of",
"place",
"of",
"worship",
".",
"There",
"are",
"reports",
"that",
"registration",
"on",
"the",
"local",
"level",
"is",
"sometimes",
"difficult",
"to",
"obtain",
".",
"People",
"under",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"18",
"are",
"also",
"barred",
"from",
"public",
"religious",
"practice",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
6,
8,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
51,
57,
67,
70,
80,
88,
89,
93,
95,
99,
104,
110,
121,
123,
136,
141,
145,
150,
159,
161,
168,
170,
172,
177,
180,
183,
186,
191,
198,
200,
204,
213,
216,
222,
233,
242,
249,
254,
262,
264,
274,
281,
285,
288,
292,
297,
299,
308,
318,
322,
326,
334,
337,
344,
353,
357,
363,
365,
373,
376,
385,
389,
396,
399,
405,
411,
415,
423,
426,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
462,
467,
480,
483,
487,
493,
499,
502,
512,
522,
525,
531,
533,
540,
546,
550,
554,
557,
560,
564,
569,
576,
581,
588,
598,
606
]
} | 6153fc4f73d54afc94322b18c7a6f6e4 | What do religions communities have to register with? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"do",
"religions",
"communities",
"have",
"to",
"register",
"with",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
18,
30,
35,
38,
47,
51
]
} | {
"text": [
"State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
51
],
"end": [
120
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
9
],
"end": [
20
]
}
]
} | [
"State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities"
] |
SQuAD | By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice. | {
"tokens": [
"By",
"law",
",",
"religious",
"communities",
"must",
"register",
"by",
"the",
"State",
"Committee",
"on",
"Religious",
"Affairs",
"(",
"SCRA",
")",
"and",
"with",
"local",
"authorities",
".",
"Registration",
"with",
"the",
"SCRA",
"requires",
"a",
"charter",
",",
"a",
"list",
"of",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"members",
",",
"and",
"evidence",
"of",
"local",
"government",
"approval",
"prayer",
"site",
"location",
".",
"Religious",
"groups",
"who",
"do",
"not",
"have",
"a",
"physical",
"structure",
"are",
"not",
"allowed",
"to",
"gather",
"publicly",
"for",
"prayer",
".",
"Failure",
"to",
"register",
"can",
"result",
"in",
"large",
"fines",
"and",
"closure",
"of",
"place",
"of",
"worship",
".",
"There",
"are",
"reports",
"that",
"registration",
"on",
"the",
"local",
"level",
"is",
"sometimes",
"difficult",
"to",
"obtain",
".",
"People",
"under",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"18",
"are",
"also",
"barred",
"from",
"public",
"religious",
"practice",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
6,
8,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
51,
57,
67,
70,
80,
88,
89,
93,
95,
99,
104,
110,
121,
123,
136,
141,
145,
150,
159,
161,
168,
170,
172,
177,
180,
183,
186,
191,
198,
200,
204,
213,
216,
222,
233,
242,
249,
254,
262,
264,
274,
281,
285,
288,
292,
297,
299,
308,
318,
322,
326,
334,
337,
344,
353,
357,
363,
365,
373,
376,
385,
389,
396,
399,
405,
411,
415,
423,
426,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
462,
467,
480,
483,
487,
493,
499,
502,
512,
522,
525,
531,
533,
540,
546,
550,
554,
557,
560,
564,
569,
576,
581,
588,
598,
606
]
} | 0350350f6cbf49279b443930a796e8c0 | What does the SCRA require? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"does",
"the",
"SCRA",
"require",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
19,
26
]
} | {
"text": [
"a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
159
],
"end": [
261
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
27
],
"end": [
46
]
}
]
} | [
"a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location"
] |
SQuAD | By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice. | {
"tokens": [
"By",
"law",
",",
"religious",
"communities",
"must",
"register",
"by",
"the",
"State",
"Committee",
"on",
"Religious",
"Affairs",
"(",
"SCRA",
")",
"and",
"with",
"local",
"authorities",
".",
"Registration",
"with",
"the",
"SCRA",
"requires",
"a",
"charter",
",",
"a",
"list",
"of",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"members",
",",
"and",
"evidence",
"of",
"local",
"government",
"approval",
"prayer",
"site",
"location",
".",
"Religious",
"groups",
"who",
"do",
"not",
"have",
"a",
"physical",
"structure",
"are",
"not",
"allowed",
"to",
"gather",
"publicly",
"for",
"prayer",
".",
"Failure",
"to",
"register",
"can",
"result",
"in",
"large",
"fines",
"and",
"closure",
"of",
"place",
"of",
"worship",
".",
"There",
"are",
"reports",
"that",
"registration",
"on",
"the",
"local",
"level",
"is",
"sometimes",
"difficult",
"to",
"obtain",
".",
"People",
"under",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"18",
"are",
"also",
"barred",
"from",
"public",
"religious",
"practice",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
6,
8,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
51,
57,
67,
70,
80,
88,
89,
93,
95,
99,
104,
110,
121,
123,
136,
141,
145,
150,
159,
161,
168,
170,
172,
177,
180,
183,
186,
191,
198,
200,
204,
213,
216,
222,
233,
242,
249,
254,
262,
264,
274,
281,
285,
288,
292,
297,
299,
308,
318,
322,
326,
334,
337,
344,
353,
357,
363,
365,
373,
376,
385,
389,
396,
399,
405,
411,
415,
423,
426,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
462,
467,
480,
483,
487,
493,
499,
502,
512,
522,
525,
531,
533,
540,
546,
550,
554,
557,
560,
564,
569,
576,
581,
588,
598,
606
]
} | 7a9bfff2bd13403dbfca13ebf7011aa8 | What do you have to have to gather for public prayer? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"do",
"you",
"have",
"to",
"have",
"to",
"gather",
"for",
"public",
"prayer",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
17,
20,
25,
28,
35,
39,
46,
52
]
} | {
"text": [
"a physical structure"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
297
],
"end": [
316
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
54
],
"end": [
56
]
}
]
} | [
"a physical structure"
] |
SQuAD | By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice. | {
"tokens": [
"By",
"law",
",",
"religious",
"communities",
"must",
"register",
"by",
"the",
"State",
"Committee",
"on",
"Religious",
"Affairs",
"(",
"SCRA",
")",
"and",
"with",
"local",
"authorities",
".",
"Registration",
"with",
"the",
"SCRA",
"requires",
"a",
"charter",
",",
"a",
"list",
"of",
"10",
"or",
"more",
"members",
",",
"and",
"evidence",
"of",
"local",
"government",
"approval",
"prayer",
"site",
"location",
".",
"Religious",
"groups",
"who",
"do",
"not",
"have",
"a",
"physical",
"structure",
"are",
"not",
"allowed",
"to",
"gather",
"publicly",
"for",
"prayer",
".",
"Failure",
"to",
"register",
"can",
"result",
"in",
"large",
"fines",
"and",
"closure",
"of",
"place",
"of",
"worship",
".",
"There",
"are",
"reports",
"that",
"registration",
"on",
"the",
"local",
"level",
"is",
"sometimes",
"difficult",
"to",
"obtain",
".",
"People",
"under",
"the",
"age",
"of",
"18",
"are",
"also",
"barred",
"from",
"public",
"religious",
"practice",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
3,
6,
8,
18,
30,
35,
44,
47,
51,
57,
67,
70,
80,
88,
89,
93,
95,
99,
104,
110,
121,
123,
136,
141,
145,
150,
159,
161,
168,
170,
172,
177,
180,
183,
186,
191,
198,
200,
204,
213,
216,
222,
233,
242,
249,
254,
262,
264,
274,
281,
285,
288,
292,
297,
299,
308,
318,
322,
326,
334,
337,
344,
353,
357,
363,
365,
373,
376,
385,
389,
396,
399,
405,
411,
415,
423,
426,
432,
435,
442,
444,
450,
454,
462,
467,
480,
483,
487,
493,
499,
502,
512,
522,
525,
531,
533,
540,
546,
550,
554,
557,
560,
564,
569,
576,
581,
588,
598,
606
]
} | 55eb5965aa1b4fc89ed21c865801c7de | What can happen if you do not register? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"can",
"happen",
"if",
"you",
"do",
"not",
"register",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
16,
19,
23,
26,
30,
38
]
} | {
"text": [
"can result in large fines and closure of place of worship"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
385
],
"end": [
441
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
69
],
"end": [
79
]
}
]
} | [
"can result in large fines and closure of place of worship"
] |
SQuAD | Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004. | {
"tokens": [
"Despite",
"repeated",
"efforts",
"by",
"the",
"Tajik",
"government",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"expand",
"health",
"care",
",",
"the",
"system",
"remains",
"extremely",
"underdeveloped",
"and",
"poor",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"shortages",
"of",
"medical",
"supplies",
".",
"The",
"state",
"'s",
"Ministry",
"of",
"Labor",
"and",
"Social",
"Welfare",
"reported",
"that",
"104,272",
"disabled",
"people",
"are",
"registered",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"2000",
")",
".",
"This",
"group",
"of",
"people",
"suffers",
"most",
"from",
"poverty",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
".",
"The",
"government",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"considered",
"activities",
"to",
"support",
"this",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"'s",
"Poverty",
"Reduction",
"Strategy",
"Paper",
".",
"Public",
"expenditure",
"on",
"health",
"was",
"at",
"1",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"GDP",
"in",
"2004",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
25,
28,
32,
38,
49,
52,
60,
64,
71,
78,
82,
84,
88,
95,
103,
113,
128,
132,
136,
138,
143,
150,
160,
163,
171,
179,
181,
185,
190,
193,
202,
205,
211,
215,
222,
230,
239,
244,
252,
261,
268,
272,
283,
286,
297,
298,
302,
303,
305,
310,
316,
319,
326,
334,
339,
344,
352,
355,
365,
367,
371,
382,
385,
396,
400,
404,
410,
415,
426,
437,
440,
448,
453,
458,
461,
465,
476,
486,
489,
493,
499,
503,
506,
514,
524,
533,
538,
540,
547,
559,
562,
569,
573,
576,
577,
579,
582,
586,
590,
593,
597
]
} | 895f9b72196f4ab8a29c2f3372552198 | What is wrong with the health care system in Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"wrong",
"with",
"the",
"health",
"care",
"system",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
14,
19,
23,
30,
35,
42,
45,
55
]
} | {
"text": [
", the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
82
],
"end": [
178
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
13
],
"end": [
27
]
}
]
} | [
", the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies"
] |
SQuAD | Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004. | {
"tokens": [
"Despite",
"repeated",
"efforts",
"by",
"the",
"Tajik",
"government",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"expand",
"health",
"care",
",",
"the",
"system",
"remains",
"extremely",
"underdeveloped",
"and",
"poor",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"shortages",
"of",
"medical",
"supplies",
".",
"The",
"state",
"'s",
"Ministry",
"of",
"Labor",
"and",
"Social",
"Welfare",
"reported",
"that",
"104,272",
"disabled",
"people",
"are",
"registered",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"2000",
")",
".",
"This",
"group",
"of",
"people",
"suffers",
"most",
"from",
"poverty",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
".",
"The",
"government",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"considered",
"activities",
"to",
"support",
"this",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"'s",
"Poverty",
"Reduction",
"Strategy",
"Paper",
".",
"Public",
"expenditure",
"on",
"health",
"was",
"at",
"1",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"GDP",
"in",
"2004",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
25,
28,
32,
38,
49,
52,
60,
64,
71,
78,
82,
84,
88,
95,
103,
113,
128,
132,
136,
138,
143,
150,
160,
163,
171,
179,
181,
185,
190,
193,
202,
205,
211,
215,
222,
230,
239,
244,
252,
261,
268,
272,
283,
286,
297,
298,
302,
303,
305,
310,
316,
319,
326,
334,
339,
344,
352,
355,
365,
367,
371,
382,
385,
396,
400,
404,
410,
415,
426,
437,
440,
448,
453,
458,
461,
465,
476,
486,
489,
493,
499,
503,
506,
514,
524,
533,
538,
540,
547,
559,
562,
569,
573,
576,
577,
579,
582,
586,
590,
593,
597
]
} | c6ed68c5d0074a05b0d515f8bedd918b | How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"disabled",
"people",
"are",
"registered",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
18,
25,
29,
40,
43,
53
]
} | {
"text": [
"104,272"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
244
],
"end": [
250
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
40
],
"end": [
40
]
}
]
} | [
"104,272"
] |
SQuAD | Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004. | {
"tokens": [
"Despite",
"repeated",
"efforts",
"by",
"the",
"Tajik",
"government",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"expand",
"health",
"care",
",",
"the",
"system",
"remains",
"extremely",
"underdeveloped",
"and",
"poor",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"shortages",
"of",
"medical",
"supplies",
".",
"The",
"state",
"'s",
"Ministry",
"of",
"Labor",
"and",
"Social",
"Welfare",
"reported",
"that",
"104,272",
"disabled",
"people",
"are",
"registered",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"2000",
")",
".",
"This",
"group",
"of",
"people",
"suffers",
"most",
"from",
"poverty",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
".",
"The",
"government",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"considered",
"activities",
"to",
"support",
"this",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"'s",
"Poverty",
"Reduction",
"Strategy",
"Paper",
".",
"Public",
"expenditure",
"on",
"health",
"was",
"at",
"1",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"GDP",
"in",
"2004",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
25,
28,
32,
38,
49,
52,
60,
64,
71,
78,
82,
84,
88,
95,
103,
113,
128,
132,
136,
138,
143,
150,
160,
163,
171,
179,
181,
185,
190,
193,
202,
205,
211,
215,
222,
230,
239,
244,
252,
261,
268,
272,
283,
286,
297,
298,
302,
303,
305,
310,
316,
319,
326,
334,
339,
344,
352,
355,
365,
367,
371,
382,
385,
396,
400,
404,
410,
415,
426,
437,
440,
448,
453,
458,
461,
465,
476,
486,
489,
493,
499,
503,
506,
514,
524,
533,
538,
540,
547,
559,
562,
569,
573,
576,
577,
579,
582,
586,
590,
593,
597
]
} | ee79592b49a148288bbc1c99a7fabf35 | What percent of the GDP was spent on health? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"percent",
"of",
"the",
"GDP",
"was",
"spent",
"on",
"health",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
16,
20,
24,
28,
34,
37,
43
]
} | {
"text": [
"1%"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
576
],
"end": [
577
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
96
],
"end": [
97
]
}
]
} | [
"1%"
] |
SQuAD | Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004. | {
"tokens": [
"Despite",
"repeated",
"efforts",
"by",
"the",
"Tajik",
"government",
"to",
"improve",
"and",
"expand",
"health",
"care",
",",
"the",
"system",
"remains",
"extremely",
"underdeveloped",
"and",
"poor",
",",
"with",
"severe",
"shortages",
"of",
"medical",
"supplies",
".",
"The",
"state",
"'s",
"Ministry",
"of",
"Labor",
"and",
"Social",
"Welfare",
"reported",
"that",
"104,272",
"disabled",
"people",
"are",
"registered",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"2000",
")",
".",
"This",
"group",
"of",
"people",
"suffers",
"most",
"from",
"poverty",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
".",
"The",
"government",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"considered",
"activities",
"to",
"support",
"this",
"part",
"of",
"the",
"population",
"described",
"in",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"'s",
"Poverty",
"Reduction",
"Strategy",
"Paper",
".",
"Public",
"expenditure",
"on",
"health",
"was",
"at",
"1",
"%",
"of",
"the",
"GDP",
"in",
"2004",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
17,
25,
28,
32,
38,
49,
52,
60,
64,
71,
78,
82,
84,
88,
95,
103,
113,
128,
132,
136,
138,
143,
150,
160,
163,
171,
179,
181,
185,
190,
193,
202,
205,
211,
215,
222,
230,
239,
244,
252,
261,
268,
272,
283,
286,
297,
298,
302,
303,
305,
310,
316,
319,
326,
334,
339,
344,
352,
355,
365,
367,
371,
382,
385,
396,
400,
404,
410,
415,
426,
437,
440,
448,
453,
458,
461,
465,
476,
486,
489,
493,
499,
503,
506,
514,
524,
533,
538,
540,
547,
559,
562,
569,
573,
576,
577,
579,
582,
586,
590,
593,
597
]
} | 53c69937ac0740e9a996cee0f2d39be2 | What was the name of the paper that the World Bank and Tajikistan came up with? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"name",
"of",
"the",
"paper",
"that",
"the",
"World",
"Bank",
"and",
"Tajikistan",
"came",
"up",
"with",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
18,
21,
25,
31,
36,
40,
46,
51,
55,
66,
71,
74,
78
]
} | {
"text": [
"World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
493
],
"end": [
537
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
82
],
"end": [
88
]
}
]
} | [
"World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"humans",
"and",
"their",
"societies",
"in",
"the",
"past",
"and",
"present",
".",
"Its",
"main",
"subdivisions",
"are",
"social",
"anthropology",
"and",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"describes",
"the",
"workings",
"of",
"societies",
"around",
"the",
"world",
",",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"investigates",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"language",
"in",
"social",
"life",
",",
"and",
"biological",
"or",
"physical",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"concerns",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"organism",
".",
"Archaeology",
",",
"which",
"studies",
"past",
"human",
"cultures",
"through",
"investigation",
"of",
"physical",
"evidence",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"anthropology",
"in",
"the",
"United",
"States",
",",
"while",
"in",
"Europe",
",",
"it",
"is",
"viewed",
"as",
"a",
"discipline",
"in",
"its",
"own",
"right",
",",
"or",
"grouped",
"under",
"other",
"related",
"disciplines",
"such",
"as",
"history",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
20,
26,
29,
36,
40,
46,
56,
59,
63,
68,
72,
79,
81,
85,
90,
103,
107,
114,
127,
131,
140,
152,
154,
160,
170,
174,
183,
186,
196,
203,
207,
212,
214,
225,
237,
239,
245,
258,
262,
272,
275,
284,
287,
294,
298,
300,
304,
315,
318,
327,
339,
341,
347,
356,
360,
361,
366,
378,
381,
385,
391,
399,
401,
412,
414,
420,
428,
433,
439,
448,
456,
470,
473,
482,
490,
492,
495,
503,
506,
509,
511,
518,
521,
534,
537,
541,
548,
554,
556,
562,
565,
571,
573,
576,
579,
586,
589,
591,
602,
605,
609,
613,
618,
620,
623,
631,
637,
643,
651,
663,
668,
671,
678
]
} | 430096d5fab74ad7955b808af3471c4e | What is anthropology a study of? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"anthropology",
"a",
"study",
"of",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
21,
23,
29,
31
]
} | {
"text": [
"humans and their societies"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
29
],
"end": [
54
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
5
],
"end": [
8
]
}
]
} | [
"humans and their societies"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"humans",
"and",
"their",
"societies",
"in",
"the",
"past",
"and",
"present",
".",
"Its",
"main",
"subdivisions",
"are",
"social",
"anthropology",
"and",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"describes",
"the",
"workings",
"of",
"societies",
"around",
"the",
"world",
",",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"investigates",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"language",
"in",
"social",
"life",
",",
"and",
"biological",
"or",
"physical",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"concerns",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"organism",
".",
"Archaeology",
",",
"which",
"studies",
"past",
"human",
"cultures",
"through",
"investigation",
"of",
"physical",
"evidence",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"anthropology",
"in",
"the",
"United",
"States",
",",
"while",
"in",
"Europe",
",",
"it",
"is",
"viewed",
"as",
"a",
"discipline",
"in",
"its",
"own",
"right",
",",
"or",
"grouped",
"under",
"other",
"related",
"disciplines",
"such",
"as",
"history",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
20,
26,
29,
36,
40,
46,
56,
59,
63,
68,
72,
79,
81,
85,
90,
103,
107,
114,
127,
131,
140,
152,
154,
160,
170,
174,
183,
186,
196,
203,
207,
212,
214,
225,
237,
239,
245,
258,
262,
272,
275,
284,
287,
294,
298,
300,
304,
315,
318,
327,
339,
341,
347,
356,
360,
361,
366,
378,
381,
385,
391,
399,
401,
412,
414,
420,
428,
433,
439,
448,
456,
470,
473,
482,
490,
492,
495,
503,
506,
509,
511,
518,
521,
534,
537,
541,
548,
554,
556,
562,
565,
571,
573,
576,
579,
586,
589,
591,
602,
605,
609,
613,
618,
620,
623,
631,
637,
643,
651,
663,
668,
671,
678
]
} | 3d01e4b42e9d47f09b41b891b953d8af | What type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"type",
"of",
"anthropology",
"describes",
"the",
"workings",
"of",
"societies",
"around",
"the",
"world",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
26,
36,
40,
49,
52,
62,
69,
73,
78
]
} | {
"text": [
"social"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
107
],
"end": [
112
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
19
],
"end": [
19
]
}
]
} | [
"social"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"humans",
"and",
"their",
"societies",
"in",
"the",
"past",
"and",
"present",
".",
"Its",
"main",
"subdivisions",
"are",
"social",
"anthropology",
"and",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"describes",
"the",
"workings",
"of",
"societies",
"around",
"the",
"world",
",",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"investigates",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"language",
"in",
"social",
"life",
",",
"and",
"biological",
"or",
"physical",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"concerns",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"organism",
".",
"Archaeology",
",",
"which",
"studies",
"past",
"human",
"cultures",
"through",
"investigation",
"of",
"physical",
"evidence",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"anthropology",
"in",
"the",
"United",
"States",
",",
"while",
"in",
"Europe",
",",
"it",
"is",
"viewed",
"as",
"a",
"discipline",
"in",
"its",
"own",
"right",
",",
"or",
"grouped",
"under",
"other",
"related",
"disciplines",
"such",
"as",
"history",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
20,
26,
29,
36,
40,
46,
56,
59,
63,
68,
72,
79,
81,
85,
90,
103,
107,
114,
127,
131,
140,
152,
154,
160,
170,
174,
183,
186,
196,
203,
207,
212,
214,
225,
237,
239,
245,
258,
262,
272,
275,
284,
287,
294,
298,
300,
304,
315,
318,
327,
339,
341,
347,
356,
360,
361,
366,
378,
381,
385,
391,
399,
401,
412,
414,
420,
428,
433,
439,
448,
456,
470,
473,
482,
490,
492,
495,
503,
506,
509,
511,
518,
521,
534,
537,
541,
548,
554,
556,
562,
565,
571,
573,
576,
579,
586,
589,
591,
602,
605,
609,
613,
618,
620,
623,
631,
637,
643,
651,
663,
668,
671,
678
]
} | a65611b212034c7f82987d18012ccdb8 | What investigates the influence of language in social life? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"investigates",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"language",
"in",
"social",
"life",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
18,
22,
32,
35,
44,
47,
54,
58
]
} | {
"text": [
"linguistic anthropology"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
214
],
"end": [
236
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
35
],
"end": [
36
]
}
]
} | [
"linguistic anthropology"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"humans",
"and",
"their",
"societies",
"in",
"the",
"past",
"and",
"present",
".",
"Its",
"main",
"subdivisions",
"are",
"social",
"anthropology",
"and",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"describes",
"the",
"workings",
"of",
"societies",
"around",
"the",
"world",
",",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"investigates",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"language",
"in",
"social",
"life",
",",
"and",
"biological",
"or",
"physical",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"concerns",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"organism",
".",
"Archaeology",
",",
"which",
"studies",
"past",
"human",
"cultures",
"through",
"investigation",
"of",
"physical",
"evidence",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"anthropology",
"in",
"the",
"United",
"States",
",",
"while",
"in",
"Europe",
",",
"it",
"is",
"viewed",
"as",
"a",
"discipline",
"in",
"its",
"own",
"right",
",",
"or",
"grouped",
"under",
"other",
"related",
"disciplines",
"such",
"as",
"history",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
20,
26,
29,
36,
40,
46,
56,
59,
63,
68,
72,
79,
81,
85,
90,
103,
107,
114,
127,
131,
140,
152,
154,
160,
170,
174,
183,
186,
196,
203,
207,
212,
214,
225,
237,
239,
245,
258,
262,
272,
275,
284,
287,
294,
298,
300,
304,
315,
318,
327,
339,
341,
347,
356,
360,
361,
366,
378,
381,
385,
391,
399,
401,
412,
414,
420,
428,
433,
439,
448,
456,
470,
473,
482,
490,
492,
495,
503,
506,
509,
511,
518,
521,
534,
537,
541,
548,
554,
556,
562,
565,
571,
573,
576,
579,
586,
589,
591,
602,
605,
609,
613,
618,
620,
623,
631,
637,
643,
651,
663,
668,
671,
678
]
} | 02231597d94f49a5b1d61295de3c73e2 | What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"subdivision",
"of",
"anthropology",
"concerns",
"itself",
"with",
"the",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"organism",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
17,
20,
33,
42,
49,
54,
58,
62,
63,
68,
80,
83,
87,
93,
101
]
} | {
"text": [
"physical"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
318
],
"end": [
325
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
51
],
"end": [
51
]
}
]
} | [
"physical"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"humans",
"and",
"their",
"societies",
"in",
"the",
"past",
"and",
"present",
".",
"Its",
"main",
"subdivisions",
"are",
"social",
"anthropology",
"and",
"cultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"describes",
"the",
"workings",
"of",
"societies",
"around",
"the",
"world",
",",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"investigates",
"the",
"influence",
"of",
"language",
"in",
"social",
"life",
",",
"and",
"biological",
"or",
"physical",
"anthropology",
",",
"which",
"concerns",
"long",
"-",
"term",
"development",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"organism",
".",
"Archaeology",
",",
"which",
"studies",
"past",
"human",
"cultures",
"through",
"investigation",
"of",
"physical",
"evidence",
",",
"is",
"thought",
"of",
"as",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"anthropology",
"in",
"the",
"United",
"States",
",",
"while",
"in",
"Europe",
",",
"it",
"is",
"viewed",
"as",
"a",
"discipline",
"in",
"its",
"own",
"right",
",",
"or",
"grouped",
"under",
"other",
"related",
"disciplines",
"such",
"as",
"history",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
20,
26,
29,
36,
40,
46,
56,
59,
63,
68,
72,
79,
81,
85,
90,
103,
107,
114,
127,
131,
140,
152,
154,
160,
170,
174,
183,
186,
196,
203,
207,
212,
214,
225,
237,
239,
245,
258,
262,
272,
275,
284,
287,
294,
298,
300,
304,
315,
318,
327,
339,
341,
347,
356,
360,
361,
366,
378,
381,
385,
391,
399,
401,
412,
414,
420,
428,
433,
439,
448,
456,
470,
473,
482,
490,
492,
495,
503,
506,
509,
511,
518,
521,
534,
537,
541,
548,
554,
556,
562,
565,
571,
573,
576,
579,
586,
589,
591,
602,
605,
609,
613,
618,
620,
623,
631,
637,
643,
651,
663,
668,
671,
678
]
} | 14ec290bf1cb4848a04f3f66fc1aab54 | Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"is",
"Archaeology",
"considered",
"a",
"branch",
"of",
"anthropology",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
21,
32,
34,
41,
44,
56
]
} | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
541
],
"end": [
553
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
88
],
"end": [
89
]
}
]
} | [
"United States"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | 444833f1391f4d92b3fb1235d3cf43f7 | Where is Tajikistan located? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"is",
"Tajikistan",
"located",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
9,
20,
27
]
} | {
"text": [
"in Central Asia"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
355
],
"end": [
369
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
56
],
"end": [
58
]
}
]
} | [
"in Central Asia"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | 44e35e3df01d4b999a4354bf7a49ef1f | How many people are living in Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"people",
"are",
"living",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
16,
20,
27,
30,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"8 million people"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
389
],
"end": [
404
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
62
],
"end": [
64
]
}
]
} | [
"8 million people"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | 7a445b9356f64eda9bb8c87aee0d86ae | What is the area of Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"area",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
17,
20,
30
]
} | {
"text": [
"area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
422
],
"end": [
455
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
70
],
"end": [
78
]
}
]
} | [
"area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | 71a67ab427474a53afd0e3d1e7dbbbbf | What country lies to Tajikistans east? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"country",
"lies",
"to",
"Tajikistans",
"east",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
18,
21,
33,
37
]
} | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
555
],
"end": [
559
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
100
],
"end": [
100
]
}
]
} | [
"China"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | f1a427f971b14b6bbb03f7e554437de1 | What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"seperates",
"Tajikistan",
"and",
"Pakistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
15,
26,
30,
38
]
} | {
"text": [
"Wakhan Corridor"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
626
],
"end": [
640
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
115
],
"end": [
116
]
}
]
} | [
"Wakhan Corridor"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | a2cd3d7159ed4229b04baa6849062831 | What country borders Tajikistan to the east? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"country",
"borders",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"the",
"east",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
21,
32,
35,
39,
43
]
} | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
555
],
"end": [
559
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
100
],
"end": [
100
]
}
]
} | [
"China"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | 03c04ec229e64e7495f7b78383231b37 | How many people are estimated to live in Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"people",
"are",
"estimated",
"to",
"live",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
16,
20,
30,
33,
38,
41,
51
]
} | {
"text": [
"8 million"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
389
],
"end": [
397
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
62
],
"end": [
63
]
}
]
} | [
"8 million"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | b712dbee4a5b4df88bd2a38765687470 | What is the area of Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"area",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
17,
20,
30
]
} | {
"text": [
"143,100 km2"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
430
],
"end": [
440
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
72
],
"end": [
73
]
}
]
} | [
"143,100 km2"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | 9cd560766535437ca1c91bc862a3faa6 | What country borders Tajikistan to the south? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"country",
"borders",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
21,
32,
35,
39,
44
]
} | {
"text": [
"Afghanistan"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
476
],
"end": [
486
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
84
],
"end": [
84
]
}
]
} | [
"Afghanistan"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"i",
"/",
"tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/",
",",
"/təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/",
",",
"or",
"/tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/",
";",
"Persian",
":",
"تاجيكستان",
"Тоҷикистон",
"[",
"tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn",
"]",
")",
",",
"officially",
"the",
"Republic",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"(",
"Persian",
":",
"جمهورى",
"تاجيكستان",
"Tajik",
":",
"Ҷумҳурии",
"Тоҷикистон",
",",
"Çumhuriji",
"Toçikiston",
"/",
"Jumhuriyi",
"Tojikiston",
";",
"Russian",
":",
"Респу́блика",
"Таджикистан",
",",
"Respublika",
"Tadzhikistan",
")",
",",
"is",
"a",
"mountainous",
",",
"landlocked",
"country",
"in",
"Central",
"Asia",
"with",
"an",
"estimated",
"8",
"million",
"people",
"in",
"2013",
",",
"and",
"an",
"area",
"of",
"143,100",
"km2",
"(",
"55,300",
"sq",
"mi",
")",
".",
"It",
"is",
"bordered",
"by",
"Afghanistan",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"Uzbekistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
",",
"Kyrgyzstan",
"to",
"the",
"north",
",",
"and",
"China",
"to",
"the",
"east",
".",
"Pakistan",
"lies",
"to",
"the",
"south",
",",
"separated",
"by",
"the",
"narrow",
"Wakhan",
"Corridor",
".",
"Traditional",
"homelands",
"of",
"Tajik",
"people",
"included",
"present",
"-",
"day",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Afghanistan",
"and",
"Uzbekistan",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
11,
12,
13,
14,
30,
32,
47,
49,
52,
68,
70,
77,
79,
91,
102,
103,
116,
117,
118,
120,
131,
135,
144,
147,
158,
159,
166,
168,
175,
187,
192,
194,
203,
213,
215,
225,
235,
236,
246,
256,
258,
265,
267,
279,
290,
292,
303,
315,
316,
318,
321,
323,
334,
336,
347,
355,
358,
366,
371,
376,
379,
389,
391,
399,
406,
409,
413,
415,
419,
422,
427,
430,
438,
442,
443,
450,
453,
455,
456,
458,
461,
464,
473,
476,
488,
491,
495,
500,
502,
513,
516,
520,
524,
526,
537,
540,
544,
549,
551,
555,
561,
564,
568,
572,
574,
583,
588,
591,
595,
600,
602,
612,
615,
619,
626,
633,
641,
643,
655,
665,
668,
674,
681,
690,
697,
698,
702,
712,
714,
726,
730,
740
]
} | a75345b140d64dc096887199dd463757 | What country borders Tajikistan to the west? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"country",
"borders",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"the",
"west",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
21,
32,
35,
39,
43
]
} | {
"text": [
"Uzbekistan"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
502
],
"end": [
511
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
89
],
"end": [
89
]
}
]
} | [
"Uzbekistan"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"rivers",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"Vakhsh",
"and",
"the",
"Panj",
",",
"have",
"great",
"hydropower",
"potential",
",",
"and",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"focused",
"on",
"attracting",
"investment",
"for",
"projects",
"for",
"internal",
"use",
"and",
"electricity",
"exports",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"is",
"home",
"to",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
",",
"the",
"highest",
"dam",
"in",
"the",
"world",
".",
"Lately",
",",
"Russia",
"'s",
"RAO",
"UES",
"energy",
"giant",
"has",
"been",
"working",
"on",
"the",
"Sangtuda-1",
"hydroelectric",
"power",
"station",
"(",
"670",
"MW",
"capacity",
")",
"commenced",
"operations",
"on",
"18",
"January",
"2008",
".",
"Other",
"projects",
"at",
"the",
"development",
"stage",
"include",
"Sangtuda-2",
"by",
"Iran",
",",
"Zerafshan",
"by",
"the",
"Chinese",
"company",
"SinoHydro",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Rogun",
"power",
"plant",
"that",
",",
"at",
"a",
"projected",
"height",
"of",
"335",
"metres",
"(",
"1,099",
"ft",
")",
",",
"would",
"supersede",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
"as",
"highest",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"if",
"it",
"is",
"brought",
"to",
"completion",
".",
"A",
"planned",
"project",
",",
"CASA",
"1000",
",",
"will",
"transmit",
"1000",
"MW",
"of",
"surplus",
"electricity",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"with",
"power",
"transit",
"through",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"The",
"total",
"length",
"of",
"transmission",
"line",
"is",
"750",
"km",
"while",
"the",
"project",
"is",
"planned",
"to",
"be",
"on",
"Public",
"-",
"Private",
"Partnership",
"basis",
"with",
"the",
"support",
"of",
"WB",
",",
"IFC",
",",
"ADB",
"and",
"IDB",
".",
"The",
"project",
"cost",
"is",
"estimated",
"to",
"be",
"around",
"US$",
"865",
"million",
".",
"Other",
"energy",
"resources",
"include",
"sizable",
"coal",
"deposits",
"and",
"smaller",
"reserves",
"of",
"natural",
"gas",
"and",
"petroleum",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
19,
21,
26,
29,
33,
40,
44,
48,
52,
54,
59,
65,
76,
85,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
118,
121,
132,
143,
147,
156,
160,
169,
173,
177,
189,
196,
198,
209,
212,
217,
220,
224,
230,
233,
235,
239,
247,
251,
254,
258,
263,
265,
271,
273,
279,
282,
286,
290,
297,
303,
307,
312,
320,
323,
327,
338,
352,
358,
366,
367,
371,
374,
382,
384,
394,
405,
408,
411,
419,
423,
425,
431,
440,
443,
447,
459,
465,
473,
484,
487,
491,
493,
503,
506,
510,
518,
526,
535,
537,
541,
545,
551,
557,
563,
567,
569,
572,
574,
584,
591,
594,
598,
605,
606,
612,
614,
615,
617,
623,
633,
637,
643,
647,
650,
658,
661,
665,
671,
674,
677,
680,
688,
691,
701,
703,
705,
713,
720,
722,
727,
731,
733,
738,
747,
752,
755,
758,
766,
778,
783,
794,
797,
806,
811,
817,
825,
833,
844,
846,
850,
856,
863,
866,
879,
884,
887,
891,
894,
900,
904,
912,
915,
923,
926,
929,
932,
938,
939,
947,
959,
965,
970,
974,
982,
985,
987,
989,
992,
994,
998,
1002,
1005,
1007,
1011,
1019,
1024,
1027,
1037,
1040,
1043,
1050,
1053,
1057,
1064,
1066,
1072,
1079,
1089,
1097,
1105,
1110,
1119,
1123,
1131,
1140,
1143,
1151,
1155,
1159,
1168
]
} | 5b3dbd2dabde48efb660058446b848c4 | Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan? | {
"tokens": [
"Who",
"is",
"trying",
"to",
"attract",
"investments",
"for",
"hydropower",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
7,
14,
17,
25,
37,
41,
52,
55,
65
]
} | {
"text": [
"the government"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
91
],
"end": [
104
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
18
],
"end": [
19
]
}
]
} | [
"the government"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"rivers",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"Vakhsh",
"and",
"the",
"Panj",
",",
"have",
"great",
"hydropower",
"potential",
",",
"and",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"focused",
"on",
"attracting",
"investment",
"for",
"projects",
"for",
"internal",
"use",
"and",
"electricity",
"exports",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"is",
"home",
"to",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
",",
"the",
"highest",
"dam",
"in",
"the",
"world",
".",
"Lately",
",",
"Russia",
"'s",
"RAO",
"UES",
"energy",
"giant",
"has",
"been",
"working",
"on",
"the",
"Sangtuda-1",
"hydroelectric",
"power",
"station",
"(",
"670",
"MW",
"capacity",
")",
"commenced",
"operations",
"on",
"18",
"January",
"2008",
".",
"Other",
"projects",
"at",
"the",
"development",
"stage",
"include",
"Sangtuda-2",
"by",
"Iran",
",",
"Zerafshan",
"by",
"the",
"Chinese",
"company",
"SinoHydro",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Rogun",
"power",
"plant",
"that",
",",
"at",
"a",
"projected",
"height",
"of",
"335",
"metres",
"(",
"1,099",
"ft",
")",
",",
"would",
"supersede",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
"as",
"highest",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"if",
"it",
"is",
"brought",
"to",
"completion",
".",
"A",
"planned",
"project",
",",
"CASA",
"1000",
",",
"will",
"transmit",
"1000",
"MW",
"of",
"surplus",
"electricity",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"with",
"power",
"transit",
"through",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"The",
"total",
"length",
"of",
"transmission",
"line",
"is",
"750",
"km",
"while",
"the",
"project",
"is",
"planned",
"to",
"be",
"on",
"Public",
"-",
"Private",
"Partnership",
"basis",
"with",
"the",
"support",
"of",
"WB",
",",
"IFC",
",",
"ADB",
"and",
"IDB",
".",
"The",
"project",
"cost",
"is",
"estimated",
"to",
"be",
"around",
"US$",
"865",
"million",
".",
"Other",
"energy",
"resources",
"include",
"sizable",
"coal",
"deposits",
"and",
"smaller",
"reserves",
"of",
"natural",
"gas",
"and",
"petroleum",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
19,
21,
26,
29,
33,
40,
44,
48,
52,
54,
59,
65,
76,
85,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
118,
121,
132,
143,
147,
156,
160,
169,
173,
177,
189,
196,
198,
209,
212,
217,
220,
224,
230,
233,
235,
239,
247,
251,
254,
258,
263,
265,
271,
273,
279,
282,
286,
290,
297,
303,
307,
312,
320,
323,
327,
338,
352,
358,
366,
367,
371,
374,
382,
384,
394,
405,
408,
411,
419,
423,
425,
431,
440,
443,
447,
459,
465,
473,
484,
487,
491,
493,
503,
506,
510,
518,
526,
535,
537,
541,
545,
551,
557,
563,
567,
569,
572,
574,
584,
591,
594,
598,
605,
606,
612,
614,
615,
617,
623,
633,
637,
643,
647,
650,
658,
661,
665,
671,
674,
677,
680,
688,
691,
701,
703,
705,
713,
720,
722,
727,
731,
733,
738,
747,
752,
755,
758,
766,
778,
783,
794,
797,
806,
811,
817,
825,
833,
844,
846,
850,
856,
863,
866,
879,
884,
887,
891,
894,
900,
904,
912,
915,
923,
926,
929,
932,
938,
939,
947,
959,
965,
970,
974,
982,
985,
987,
989,
992,
994,
998,
1002,
1005,
1007,
1011,
1019,
1024,
1027,
1037,
1040,
1043,
1050,
1053,
1057,
1064,
1066,
1072,
1079,
1089,
1097,
1105,
1110,
1119,
1123,
1131,
1140,
1143,
1151,
1155,
1159,
1168
]
} | b51c11364d424a66b80b5ca4a133c851 | What is something that the rivers in Tajikistan are good for? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"something",
"that",
"the",
"rivers",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"are",
"good",
"for",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
18,
23,
27,
34,
37,
48,
52,
57,
60
]
} | {
"text": [
"hydropower potential"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
65
],
"end": [
84
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
14
],
"end": [
15
]
}
]
} | [
"hydropower potential"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"rivers",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"Vakhsh",
"and",
"the",
"Panj",
",",
"have",
"great",
"hydropower",
"potential",
",",
"and",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"focused",
"on",
"attracting",
"investment",
"for",
"projects",
"for",
"internal",
"use",
"and",
"electricity",
"exports",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"is",
"home",
"to",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
",",
"the",
"highest",
"dam",
"in",
"the",
"world",
".",
"Lately",
",",
"Russia",
"'s",
"RAO",
"UES",
"energy",
"giant",
"has",
"been",
"working",
"on",
"the",
"Sangtuda-1",
"hydroelectric",
"power",
"station",
"(",
"670",
"MW",
"capacity",
")",
"commenced",
"operations",
"on",
"18",
"January",
"2008",
".",
"Other",
"projects",
"at",
"the",
"development",
"stage",
"include",
"Sangtuda-2",
"by",
"Iran",
",",
"Zerafshan",
"by",
"the",
"Chinese",
"company",
"SinoHydro",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Rogun",
"power",
"plant",
"that",
",",
"at",
"a",
"projected",
"height",
"of",
"335",
"metres",
"(",
"1,099",
"ft",
")",
",",
"would",
"supersede",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
"as",
"highest",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"if",
"it",
"is",
"brought",
"to",
"completion",
".",
"A",
"planned",
"project",
",",
"CASA",
"1000",
",",
"will",
"transmit",
"1000",
"MW",
"of",
"surplus",
"electricity",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"with",
"power",
"transit",
"through",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"The",
"total",
"length",
"of",
"transmission",
"line",
"is",
"750",
"km",
"while",
"the",
"project",
"is",
"planned",
"to",
"be",
"on",
"Public",
"-",
"Private",
"Partnership",
"basis",
"with",
"the",
"support",
"of",
"WB",
",",
"IFC",
",",
"ADB",
"and",
"IDB",
".",
"The",
"project",
"cost",
"is",
"estimated",
"to",
"be",
"around",
"US$",
"865",
"million",
".",
"Other",
"energy",
"resources",
"include",
"sizable",
"coal",
"deposits",
"and",
"smaller",
"reserves",
"of",
"natural",
"gas",
"and",
"petroleum",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
19,
21,
26,
29,
33,
40,
44,
48,
52,
54,
59,
65,
76,
85,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
118,
121,
132,
143,
147,
156,
160,
169,
173,
177,
189,
196,
198,
209,
212,
217,
220,
224,
230,
233,
235,
239,
247,
251,
254,
258,
263,
265,
271,
273,
279,
282,
286,
290,
297,
303,
307,
312,
320,
323,
327,
338,
352,
358,
366,
367,
371,
374,
382,
384,
394,
405,
408,
411,
419,
423,
425,
431,
440,
443,
447,
459,
465,
473,
484,
487,
491,
493,
503,
506,
510,
518,
526,
535,
537,
541,
545,
551,
557,
563,
567,
569,
572,
574,
584,
591,
594,
598,
605,
606,
612,
614,
615,
617,
623,
633,
637,
643,
647,
650,
658,
661,
665,
671,
674,
677,
680,
688,
691,
701,
703,
705,
713,
720,
722,
727,
731,
733,
738,
747,
752,
755,
758,
766,
778,
783,
794,
797,
806,
811,
817,
825,
833,
844,
846,
850,
856,
863,
866,
879,
884,
887,
891,
894,
900,
904,
912,
915,
923,
926,
929,
932,
938,
939,
947,
959,
965,
970,
974,
982,
985,
987,
989,
992,
994,
998,
1002,
1005,
1007,
1011,
1019,
1024,
1027,
1037,
1040,
1043,
1050,
1053,
1057,
1064,
1066,
1072,
1079,
1089,
1097,
1105,
1110,
1119,
1123,
1131,
1140,
1143,
1151,
1155,
1159,
1168
]
} | 4e8911c992344b84b798439cdc310da6 | What is the highest dam in the world? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"highest",
"dam",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
20,
24,
27,
31,
36
]
} | {
"text": [
"Nurek Dam"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
224
],
"end": [
232
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
39
],
"end": [
40
]
}
]
} | [
"Nurek Dam"
] |
SQuAD | Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum. | {
"tokens": [
"Tajikistan",
"'s",
"rivers",
",",
"such",
"as",
"the",
"Vakhsh",
"and",
"the",
"Panj",
",",
"have",
"great",
"hydropower",
"potential",
",",
"and",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"focused",
"on",
"attracting",
"investment",
"for",
"projects",
"for",
"internal",
"use",
"and",
"electricity",
"exports",
".",
"Tajikistan",
"is",
"home",
"to",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
",",
"the",
"highest",
"dam",
"in",
"the",
"world",
".",
"Lately",
",",
"Russia",
"'s",
"RAO",
"UES",
"energy",
"giant",
"has",
"been",
"working",
"on",
"the",
"Sangtuda-1",
"hydroelectric",
"power",
"station",
"(",
"670",
"MW",
"capacity",
")",
"commenced",
"operations",
"on",
"18",
"January",
"2008",
".",
"Other",
"projects",
"at",
"the",
"development",
"stage",
"include",
"Sangtuda-2",
"by",
"Iran",
",",
"Zerafshan",
"by",
"the",
"Chinese",
"company",
"SinoHydro",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Rogun",
"power",
"plant",
"that",
",",
"at",
"a",
"projected",
"height",
"of",
"335",
"metres",
"(",
"1,099",
"ft",
")",
",",
"would",
"supersede",
"the",
"Nurek",
"Dam",
"as",
"highest",
"in",
"the",
"world",
"if",
"it",
"is",
"brought",
"to",
"completion",
".",
"A",
"planned",
"project",
",",
"CASA",
"1000",
",",
"will",
"transmit",
"1000",
"MW",
"of",
"surplus",
"electricity",
"from",
"Tajikistan",
"to",
"Pakistan",
"with",
"power",
"transit",
"through",
"Afghanistan",
".",
"The",
"total",
"length",
"of",
"transmission",
"line",
"is",
"750",
"km",
"while",
"the",
"project",
"is",
"planned",
"to",
"be",
"on",
"Public",
"-",
"Private",
"Partnership",
"basis",
"with",
"the",
"support",
"of",
"WB",
",",
"IFC",
",",
"ADB",
"and",
"IDB",
".",
"The",
"project",
"cost",
"is",
"estimated",
"to",
"be",
"around",
"US$",
"865",
"million",
".",
"Other",
"energy",
"resources",
"include",
"sizable",
"coal",
"deposits",
"and",
"smaller",
"reserves",
"of",
"natural",
"gas",
"and",
"petroleum",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
13,
19,
21,
26,
29,
33,
40,
44,
48,
52,
54,
59,
65,
76,
85,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
118,
121,
132,
143,
147,
156,
160,
169,
173,
177,
189,
196,
198,
209,
212,
217,
220,
224,
230,
233,
235,
239,
247,
251,
254,
258,
263,
265,
271,
273,
279,
282,
286,
290,
297,
303,
307,
312,
320,
323,
327,
338,
352,
358,
366,
367,
371,
374,
382,
384,
394,
405,
408,
411,
419,
423,
425,
431,
440,
443,
447,
459,
465,
473,
484,
487,
491,
493,
503,
506,
510,
518,
526,
535,
537,
541,
545,
551,
557,
563,
567,
569,
572,
574,
584,
591,
594,
598,
605,
606,
612,
614,
615,
617,
623,
633,
637,
643,
647,
650,
658,
661,
665,
671,
674,
677,
680,
688,
691,
701,
703,
705,
713,
720,
722,
727,
731,
733,
738,
747,
752,
755,
758,
766,
778,
783,
794,
797,
806,
811,
817,
825,
833,
844,
846,
850,
856,
863,
866,
879,
884,
887,
891,
894,
900,
904,
912,
915,
923,
926,
929,
932,
938,
939,
947,
959,
965,
970,
974,
982,
985,
987,
989,
992,
994,
998,
1002,
1005,
1007,
1011,
1019,
1024,
1027,
1037,
1040,
1043,
1050,
1053,
1057,
1064,
1066,
1072,
1079,
1089,
1097,
1105,
1110,
1119,
1123,
1131,
1140,
1143,
1151,
1155,
1159,
1168
]
} | b023f10b13c34b07937bc7771985fc21 | What will the project named CASA 1000 do? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"will",
"the",
"project",
"named",
"CASA",
"1000",
"do",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
22,
28,
33,
38,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
722
],
"end": [
843
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
136
],
"end": [
154
]
}
]
} | [
"CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan"
] |
SQuAD | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation. | {
"tokens": [
"Similar",
"organizations",
"in",
"other",
"countries",
"followed",
":",
"The",
"American",
"Anthropological",
"Association",
"in",
"1902",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Madrid",
"(",
"1865",
")",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Vienna",
"(",
"1870",
")",
",",
"the",
"Italian",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"and",
"Ethnology",
"(",
"1871",
")",
",",
"and",
"many",
"others",
"subsequently",
".",
"The",
"majority",
"of",
"these",
"were",
"evolutionist",
".",
"One",
"notable",
"exception",
"was",
"the",
"Berlin",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"(",
"1869",
")",
"founded",
"by",
"Rudolph",
"Virchow",
",",
"known",
"for",
"his",
"vituperative",
"attacks",
"on",
"the",
"evolutionists",
".",
"Not",
"religious",
"himself",
",",
"he",
"insisted",
"that",
"Darwin",
"'s",
"conclusions",
"lacked",
"empirical",
"foundation",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
22,
25,
31,
41,
49,
51,
55,
64,
80,
92,
95,
99,
101,
105,
121,
129,
132,
139,
140,
144,
145,
147,
151,
167,
175,
178,
185,
186,
190,
191,
193,
197,
205,
213,
216,
229,
233,
243,
244,
248,
249,
251,
255,
260,
267,
279,
281,
285,
294,
297,
303,
308,
320,
322,
326,
334,
344,
348,
352,
359,
367,
370,
383,
384,
388,
390,
398,
401,
409,
416,
418,
424,
428,
432,
445,
453,
456,
460,
473,
475,
479,
489,
496,
498,
501,
510,
515,
521,
524,
536,
543,
553,
563
]
} | 2e4cb0566dfc40a18a5a8b686ce32f0e | Vienna created it's society in what year? | {
"tokens": [
"Vienna",
"created",
"it",
"'s",
"society",
"in",
"what",
"year",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
15,
17,
20,
28,
31,
36,
40
]
} | {
"text": [
"1870"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
186
],
"end": [
189
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
29
],
"end": [
29
]
}
]
} | [
"1870"
] |
SQuAD | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation. | {
"tokens": [
"Similar",
"organizations",
"in",
"other",
"countries",
"followed",
":",
"The",
"American",
"Anthropological",
"Association",
"in",
"1902",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Madrid",
"(",
"1865",
")",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Vienna",
"(",
"1870",
")",
",",
"the",
"Italian",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"and",
"Ethnology",
"(",
"1871",
")",
",",
"and",
"many",
"others",
"subsequently",
".",
"The",
"majority",
"of",
"these",
"were",
"evolutionist",
".",
"One",
"notable",
"exception",
"was",
"the",
"Berlin",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"(",
"1869",
")",
"founded",
"by",
"Rudolph",
"Virchow",
",",
"known",
"for",
"his",
"vituperative",
"attacks",
"on",
"the",
"evolutionists",
".",
"Not",
"religious",
"himself",
",",
"he",
"insisted",
"that",
"Darwin",
"'s",
"conclusions",
"lacked",
"empirical",
"foundation",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
22,
25,
31,
41,
49,
51,
55,
64,
80,
92,
95,
99,
101,
105,
121,
129,
132,
139,
140,
144,
145,
147,
151,
167,
175,
178,
185,
186,
190,
191,
193,
197,
205,
213,
216,
229,
233,
243,
244,
248,
249,
251,
255,
260,
267,
279,
281,
285,
294,
297,
303,
308,
320,
322,
326,
334,
344,
348,
352,
359,
367,
370,
383,
384,
388,
390,
398,
401,
409,
416,
418,
424,
428,
432,
445,
453,
456,
460,
473,
475,
479,
489,
496,
498,
501,
510,
515,
521,
524,
536,
543,
553,
563
]
} | 90d57f7a462a4938986fe1c6bb97a887 | When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"was",
"the",
"Berlin",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"founded",
"by",
"Rudolph",
"Virchow",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
20,
28,
31,
44,
52,
55,
63,
70
]
} | {
"text": [
"1869"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
384
],
"end": [
387
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
65
],
"end": [
65
]
}
]
} | [
"1869"
] |
SQuAD | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation. | {
"tokens": [
"Similar",
"organizations",
"in",
"other",
"countries",
"followed",
":",
"The",
"American",
"Anthropological",
"Association",
"in",
"1902",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Madrid",
"(",
"1865",
")",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Vienna",
"(",
"1870",
")",
",",
"the",
"Italian",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"and",
"Ethnology",
"(",
"1871",
")",
",",
"and",
"many",
"others",
"subsequently",
".",
"The",
"majority",
"of",
"these",
"were",
"evolutionist",
".",
"One",
"notable",
"exception",
"was",
"the",
"Berlin",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"(",
"1869",
")",
"founded",
"by",
"Rudolph",
"Virchow",
",",
"known",
"for",
"his",
"vituperative",
"attacks",
"on",
"the",
"evolutionists",
".",
"Not",
"religious",
"himself",
",",
"he",
"insisted",
"that",
"Darwin",
"'s",
"conclusions",
"lacked",
"empirical",
"foundation",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
22,
25,
31,
41,
49,
51,
55,
64,
80,
92,
95,
99,
101,
105,
121,
129,
132,
139,
140,
144,
145,
147,
151,
167,
175,
178,
185,
186,
190,
191,
193,
197,
205,
213,
216,
229,
233,
243,
244,
248,
249,
251,
255,
260,
267,
279,
281,
285,
294,
297,
303,
308,
320,
322,
326,
334,
344,
348,
352,
359,
367,
370,
383,
384,
388,
390,
398,
401,
409,
416,
418,
424,
428,
432,
445,
453,
456,
460,
473,
475,
479,
489,
496,
498,
501,
510,
515,
521,
524,
536,
543,
553,
563
]
} | 52500cb7f523405fa8d2e23542b0a709 | When was the American Anthropological Association founded? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"was",
"the",
"American",
"Anthropological",
"Association",
"founded",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
22,
38,
50,
57
]
} | {
"text": [
"1902"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
95
],
"end": [
98
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
12
],
"end": [
12
]
}
]
} | [
"1902"
] |
SQuAD | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation. | {
"tokens": [
"Similar",
"organizations",
"in",
"other",
"countries",
"followed",
":",
"The",
"American",
"Anthropological",
"Association",
"in",
"1902",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Madrid",
"(",
"1865",
")",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Vienna",
"(",
"1870",
")",
",",
"the",
"Italian",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"and",
"Ethnology",
"(",
"1871",
")",
",",
"and",
"many",
"others",
"subsequently",
".",
"The",
"majority",
"of",
"these",
"were",
"evolutionist",
".",
"One",
"notable",
"exception",
"was",
"the",
"Berlin",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"(",
"1869",
")",
"founded",
"by",
"Rudolph",
"Virchow",
",",
"known",
"for",
"his",
"vituperative",
"attacks",
"on",
"the",
"evolutionists",
".",
"Not",
"religious",
"himself",
",",
"he",
"insisted",
"that",
"Darwin",
"'s",
"conclusions",
"lacked",
"empirical",
"foundation",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
22,
25,
31,
41,
49,
51,
55,
64,
80,
92,
95,
99,
101,
105,
121,
129,
132,
139,
140,
144,
145,
147,
151,
167,
175,
178,
185,
186,
190,
191,
193,
197,
205,
213,
216,
229,
233,
243,
244,
248,
249,
251,
255,
260,
267,
279,
281,
285,
294,
297,
303,
308,
320,
322,
326,
334,
344,
348,
352,
359,
367,
370,
383,
384,
388,
390,
398,
401,
409,
416,
418,
424,
428,
432,
445,
453,
456,
460,
473,
475,
479,
489,
496,
498,
501,
510,
515,
521,
524,
536,
543,
553,
563
]
} | e34acb24d98441cbb52f5c5556ffe314 | When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"did",
"Madrid",
"get",
"it",
"'s",
"own",
"anthropological",
"society",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
16,
20,
22,
25,
29,
45,
52
]
} | {
"text": [
"1865"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
140
],
"end": [
143
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
20
],
"end": [
20
]
}
]
} | [
"1865"
] |
SQuAD | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation. | {
"tokens": [
"Similar",
"organizations",
"in",
"other",
"countries",
"followed",
":",
"The",
"American",
"Anthropological",
"Association",
"in",
"1902",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Madrid",
"(",
"1865",
")",
",",
"the",
"Anthropological",
"Society",
"of",
"Vienna",
"(",
"1870",
")",
",",
"the",
"Italian",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"and",
"Ethnology",
"(",
"1871",
")",
",",
"and",
"many",
"others",
"subsequently",
".",
"The",
"majority",
"of",
"these",
"were",
"evolutionist",
".",
"One",
"notable",
"exception",
"was",
"the",
"Berlin",
"Society",
"of",
"Anthropology",
"(",
"1869",
")",
"founded",
"by",
"Rudolph",
"Virchow",
",",
"known",
"for",
"his",
"vituperative",
"attacks",
"on",
"the",
"evolutionists",
".",
"Not",
"religious",
"himself",
",",
"he",
"insisted",
"that",
"Darwin",
"'s",
"conclusions",
"lacked",
"empirical",
"foundation",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
8,
22,
25,
31,
41,
49,
51,
55,
64,
80,
92,
95,
99,
101,
105,
121,
129,
132,
139,
140,
144,
145,
147,
151,
167,
175,
178,
185,
186,
190,
191,
193,
197,
205,
213,
216,
229,
233,
243,
244,
248,
249,
251,
255,
260,
267,
279,
281,
285,
294,
297,
303,
308,
320,
322,
326,
334,
344,
348,
352,
359,
367,
370,
383,
384,
388,
390,
398,
401,
409,
416,
418,
424,
428,
432,
445,
453,
456,
460,
473,
475,
479,
489,
496,
498,
501,
510,
515,
521,
524,
536,
543,
553,
563
]
} | b1fcd32ec2904d738c0894507e202d6f | What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"did",
"Virchow",
"feel",
"Darwin",
"'s",
"conclusions",
"lacked",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
17,
22,
28,
31,
43,
49
]
} | {
"text": [
"empirical foundation"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
543
],
"end": [
562
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
92
],
"end": [
93
]
}
]
} | [
"empirical foundation"
] |
SQuAD | Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them. | {
"tokens": [
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"seeks",
"to",
"explain",
"patterns",
"of",
"shared",
"knowledge",
",",
"cultural",
"innovation",
",",
"and",
"transmission",
"over",
"time",
"and",
"space",
"using",
"the",
"methods",
"and",
"theories",
"of",
"the",
"cognitive",
"sciences",
"(",
"especially",
"experimental",
"psychology",
"and",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
")",
"often",
"through",
"close",
"collaboration",
"with",
"historians",
",",
"ethnographers",
",",
"archaeologists",
",",
"linguists",
",",
"musicologists",
"and",
"other",
"specialists",
"engaged",
"in",
"the",
"description",
"and",
"interpretation",
"of",
"cultural",
"forms",
".",
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"is",
"concerned",
"with",
"what",
"people",
"from",
"different",
"groups",
"know",
"and",
"how",
"that",
"implicit",
"knowledge",
"changes",
"the",
"way",
"people",
"perceive",
"and",
"relate",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"around",
"them",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
23,
29,
32,
40,
49,
52,
59,
68,
70,
79,
89,
91,
95,
108,
113,
118,
122,
128,
134,
138,
146,
150,
159,
162,
166,
176,
185,
186,
197,
210,
221,
225,
238,
245,
247,
253,
261,
267,
281,
286,
296,
298,
311,
313,
327,
329,
338,
340,
354,
358,
364,
376,
384,
387,
391,
403,
407,
422,
425,
434,
439,
441,
451,
464,
467,
477,
482,
487,
494,
499,
509,
516,
521,
525,
529,
534,
543,
553,
561,
565,
569,
576,
585,
589,
596,
599,
603,
609,
616,
620
]
} | 864e943f6c6d44058530b5223b496b57 | What type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"type",
"of",
"anthology",
"deals",
"with",
"patterns",
"of",
"shared",
"knowledge",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
23,
29,
34,
43,
46,
53,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"Cognitive"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
0,
441,
166
],
"end": [
8,
449,
174
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
0,
63,
26
],
"end": [
0,
63,
26
]
}
]
} | [
"Cognitive"
] |
SQuAD | Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them. | {
"tokens": [
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"seeks",
"to",
"explain",
"patterns",
"of",
"shared",
"knowledge",
",",
"cultural",
"innovation",
",",
"and",
"transmission",
"over",
"time",
"and",
"space",
"using",
"the",
"methods",
"and",
"theories",
"of",
"the",
"cognitive",
"sciences",
"(",
"especially",
"experimental",
"psychology",
"and",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
")",
"often",
"through",
"close",
"collaboration",
"with",
"historians",
",",
"ethnographers",
",",
"archaeologists",
",",
"linguists",
",",
"musicologists",
"and",
"other",
"specialists",
"engaged",
"in",
"the",
"description",
"and",
"interpretation",
"of",
"cultural",
"forms",
".",
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"is",
"concerned",
"with",
"what",
"people",
"from",
"different",
"groups",
"know",
"and",
"how",
"that",
"implicit",
"knowledge",
"changes",
"the",
"way",
"people",
"perceive",
"and",
"relate",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"around",
"them",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
23,
29,
32,
40,
49,
52,
59,
68,
70,
79,
89,
91,
95,
108,
113,
118,
122,
128,
134,
138,
146,
150,
159,
162,
166,
176,
185,
186,
197,
210,
221,
225,
238,
245,
247,
253,
261,
267,
281,
286,
296,
298,
311,
313,
327,
329,
338,
340,
354,
358,
364,
376,
384,
387,
391,
403,
407,
422,
425,
434,
439,
441,
451,
464,
467,
477,
482,
487,
494,
499,
509,
516,
521,
525,
529,
534,
543,
553,
561,
565,
569,
576,
585,
589,
596,
599,
603,
609,
616,
620
]
} | 4ba2cbb9f06048f684e8e0fd6a4f67f5 | What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"methods",
"and",
"theories",
"do",
"cognitive",
"anthropologists",
"use",
"to",
"explain",
"cultural",
"innovation",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
13,
17,
26,
29,
39,
55,
59,
62,
70,
79,
89
]
} | {
"text": [
"cognitive sciences"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
166
],
"end": [
183
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
26
],
"end": [
27
]
}
]
} | [
"cognitive sciences"
] |
SQuAD | Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them. | {
"tokens": [
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"seeks",
"to",
"explain",
"patterns",
"of",
"shared",
"knowledge",
",",
"cultural",
"innovation",
",",
"and",
"transmission",
"over",
"time",
"and",
"space",
"using",
"the",
"methods",
"and",
"theories",
"of",
"the",
"cognitive",
"sciences",
"(",
"especially",
"experimental",
"psychology",
"and",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
")",
"often",
"through",
"close",
"collaboration",
"with",
"historians",
",",
"ethnographers",
",",
"archaeologists",
",",
"linguists",
",",
"musicologists",
"and",
"other",
"specialists",
"engaged",
"in",
"the",
"description",
"and",
"interpretation",
"of",
"cultural",
"forms",
".",
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"is",
"concerned",
"with",
"what",
"people",
"from",
"different",
"groups",
"know",
"and",
"how",
"that",
"implicit",
"knowledge",
"changes",
"the",
"way",
"people",
"perceive",
"and",
"relate",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"around",
"them",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
23,
29,
32,
40,
49,
52,
59,
68,
70,
79,
89,
91,
95,
108,
113,
118,
122,
128,
134,
138,
146,
150,
159,
162,
166,
176,
185,
186,
197,
210,
221,
225,
238,
245,
247,
253,
261,
267,
281,
286,
296,
298,
311,
313,
327,
329,
338,
340,
354,
358,
364,
376,
384,
387,
391,
403,
407,
422,
425,
434,
439,
441,
451,
464,
467,
477,
482,
487,
494,
499,
509,
516,
521,
525,
529,
534,
543,
553,
561,
565,
569,
576,
585,
589,
596,
599,
603,
609,
616,
620
]
} | 00f9ab6c819145129b5afd4fcbdcd25e | What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"two",
"examples",
"of",
"methods",
"and",
"theories",
"of",
"cognitive",
"science",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
22,
25,
33,
37,
46,
49,
59,
66
]
} | {
"text": [
"experimental psychology and evolutionary biology"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
197
],
"end": [
244
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
30
],
"end": [
34
]
}
]
} | [
"experimental psychology and evolutionary biology"
] |
SQuAD | Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them. | {
"tokens": [
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"seeks",
"to",
"explain",
"patterns",
"of",
"shared",
"knowledge",
",",
"cultural",
"innovation",
",",
"and",
"transmission",
"over",
"time",
"and",
"space",
"using",
"the",
"methods",
"and",
"theories",
"of",
"the",
"cognitive",
"sciences",
"(",
"especially",
"experimental",
"psychology",
"and",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
")",
"often",
"through",
"close",
"collaboration",
"with",
"historians",
",",
"ethnographers",
",",
"archaeologists",
",",
"linguists",
",",
"musicologists",
"and",
"other",
"specialists",
"engaged",
"in",
"the",
"description",
"and",
"interpretation",
"of",
"cultural",
"forms",
".",
"Cognitive",
"anthropology",
"is",
"concerned",
"with",
"what",
"people",
"from",
"different",
"groups",
"know",
"and",
"how",
"that",
"implicit",
"knowledge",
"changes",
"the",
"way",
"people",
"perceive",
"and",
"relate",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"around",
"them",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
23,
29,
32,
40,
49,
52,
59,
68,
70,
79,
89,
91,
95,
108,
113,
118,
122,
128,
134,
138,
146,
150,
159,
162,
166,
176,
185,
186,
197,
210,
221,
225,
238,
245,
247,
253,
261,
267,
281,
286,
296,
298,
311,
313,
327,
329,
338,
340,
354,
358,
364,
376,
384,
387,
391,
403,
407,
422,
425,
434,
439,
441,
451,
464,
467,
477,
482,
487,
494,
499,
509,
516,
521,
525,
529,
534,
543,
553,
561,
565,
569,
576,
585,
589,
596,
599,
603,
609,
616,
620
]
} | 0aae40d5fa254f96b77292d7b72923eb | Cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what? | {
"tokens": [
"Cognitive",
"anthropologists",
"want",
"to",
"know",
"how",
"the",
"way",
"people",
"perceive",
"and",
"related",
"to",
"the",
"world",
"around",
"them",
"is",
"linked",
"to",
"what",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
26,
31,
34,
39,
43,
47,
51,
58,
67,
71,
79,
82,
86,
92,
99,
104,
107,
114,
117,
121
]
} | {
"text": [
"implicit knowledge"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
534
],
"end": [
551
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
77
],
"end": [
78
]
}
]
} | [
"implicit knowledge"
] |
SQuAD | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | {
"tokens": [
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"structuralist",
"and",
"postmodern",
"theories",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"shift",
"toward",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",
"modern",
"societies",
".",
"During",
"the",
"1970s",
"and",
"1990s",
",",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"epistemological",
"shift",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"positivist",
"traditions",
"that",
"had",
"largely",
"informed",
"the",
"discipline.[page",
"needed",
"]",
"During",
"this",
"shift",
",",
"enduring",
"questions",
"about",
"the",
"nature",
"and",
"production",
"of",
"knowledge",
"came",
"to",
"occupy",
"a",
"central",
"place",
"in",
"cultural",
"and",
"social",
"anthropology",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
",",
"archaeology",
"and",
"biological",
"anthropology",
"remained",
"largely",
"positivist",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"this",
"difference",
"in",
"epistemology",
",",
"the",
"four",
"sub",
"-",
"fields",
"of",
"anthropology",
"have",
"lacked",
"cohesion",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"several",
"decades",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
27,
31,
36,
44,
55,
58,
72,
76,
87,
95,
97,
100,
105,
108,
110,
116,
123,
127,
136,
139,
146,
155,
157,
164,
168,
174,
178,
183,
185,
191,
195,
198,
214,
220,
225,
230,
234,
245,
256,
261,
265,
273,
282,
286,
303,
309,
311,
318,
323,
328,
330,
339,
349,
355,
359,
366,
370,
381,
384,
394,
399,
402,
409,
411,
419,
425,
428,
437,
441,
448,
460,
462,
465,
473,
475,
487,
491,
502,
515,
524,
532,
542,
544,
548,
551,
556,
567,
570,
582,
584,
588,
593,
596,
597,
604,
607,
620,
625,
632,
641,
646,
650,
655,
663,
670
]
} | 8a0307be462e437eabd9d2c2b16e5c38 | What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"has",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
23,
36,
41,
49,
60,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"structuralist and postmodern theories"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
58
],
"end": [
94
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
7
],
"end": [
10
]
}
]
} | [
"structuralist and postmodern theories"
] |
SQuAD | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | {
"tokens": [
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"structuralist",
"and",
"postmodern",
"theories",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"shift",
"toward",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",
"modern",
"societies",
".",
"During",
"the",
"1970s",
"and",
"1990s",
",",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"epistemological",
"shift",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"positivist",
"traditions",
"that",
"had",
"largely",
"informed",
"the",
"discipline.[page",
"needed",
"]",
"During",
"this",
"shift",
",",
"enduring",
"questions",
"about",
"the",
"nature",
"and",
"production",
"of",
"knowledge",
"came",
"to",
"occupy",
"a",
"central",
"place",
"in",
"cultural",
"and",
"social",
"anthropology",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
",",
"archaeology",
"and",
"biological",
"anthropology",
"remained",
"largely",
"positivist",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"this",
"difference",
"in",
"epistemology",
",",
"the",
"four",
"sub",
"-",
"fields",
"of",
"anthropology",
"have",
"lacked",
"cohesion",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"several",
"decades",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
27,
31,
36,
44,
55,
58,
72,
76,
87,
95,
97,
100,
105,
108,
110,
116,
123,
127,
136,
139,
146,
155,
157,
164,
168,
174,
178,
183,
185,
191,
195,
198,
214,
220,
225,
230,
234,
245,
256,
261,
265,
273,
282,
286,
303,
309,
311,
318,
323,
328,
330,
339,
349,
355,
359,
366,
370,
381,
384,
394,
399,
402,
409,
411,
419,
425,
428,
437,
441,
448,
460,
462,
465,
473,
475,
487,
491,
502,
515,
524,
532,
542,
544,
548,
551,
556,
567,
570,
582,
584,
588,
593,
596,
597,
604,
607,
620,
625,
632,
641,
646,
650,
655,
663,
670
]
} | 8ff004f6ea174686b76fc44637427e38 | When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"was",
"there",
"an",
"epistemological",
"shift",
"away",
"from",
"positivist",
"traditions",
"in",
"anthropology",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
15,
18,
34,
40,
45,
50,
61,
72,
75,
87
]
} | {
"text": [
"During the 1970s and 1990s"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
157
],
"end": [
182
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
24
],
"end": [
28
]
}
]
} | [
"During the 1970s and 1990s"
] |
SQuAD | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | {
"tokens": [
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"structuralist",
"and",
"postmodern",
"theories",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"shift",
"toward",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",
"modern",
"societies",
".",
"During",
"the",
"1970s",
"and",
"1990s",
",",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"epistemological",
"shift",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"positivist",
"traditions",
"that",
"had",
"largely",
"informed",
"the",
"discipline.[page",
"needed",
"]",
"During",
"this",
"shift",
",",
"enduring",
"questions",
"about",
"the",
"nature",
"and",
"production",
"of",
"knowledge",
"came",
"to",
"occupy",
"a",
"central",
"place",
"in",
"cultural",
"and",
"social",
"anthropology",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
",",
"archaeology",
"and",
"biological",
"anthropology",
"remained",
"largely",
"positivist",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"this",
"difference",
"in",
"epistemology",
",",
"the",
"four",
"sub",
"-",
"fields",
"of",
"anthropology",
"have",
"lacked",
"cohesion",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"several",
"decades",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
27,
31,
36,
44,
55,
58,
72,
76,
87,
95,
97,
100,
105,
108,
110,
116,
123,
127,
136,
139,
146,
155,
157,
164,
168,
174,
178,
183,
185,
191,
195,
198,
214,
220,
225,
230,
234,
245,
256,
261,
265,
273,
282,
286,
303,
309,
311,
318,
323,
328,
330,
339,
349,
355,
359,
366,
370,
381,
384,
394,
399,
402,
409,
411,
419,
425,
428,
437,
441,
448,
460,
462,
465,
473,
475,
487,
491,
502,
515,
524,
532,
542,
544,
548,
551,
556,
567,
570,
582,
584,
588,
593,
596,
597,
604,
607,
620,
625,
632,
641,
646,
650,
655,
663,
670
]
} | a7c7899d811749878a6dddc5884cb7cc | What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"questions",
"came",
"to",
"occupy",
"a",
"central",
"place",
"in",
"cultural",
"and",
"social",
"anthropology",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
15,
20,
23,
30,
32,
40,
46,
49,
58,
62,
69,
81
]
} | {
"text": [
"nature and production of knowledge"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
359
],
"end": [
392
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
56
],
"end": [
60
]
}
]
} | [
"nature and production of knowledge"
] |
SQuAD | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | {
"tokens": [
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"structuralist",
"and",
"postmodern",
"theories",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"shift",
"toward",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",
"modern",
"societies",
".",
"During",
"the",
"1970s",
"and",
"1990s",
",",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"epistemological",
"shift",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"positivist",
"traditions",
"that",
"had",
"largely",
"informed",
"the",
"discipline.[page",
"needed",
"]",
"During",
"this",
"shift",
",",
"enduring",
"questions",
"about",
"the",
"nature",
"and",
"production",
"of",
"knowledge",
"came",
"to",
"occupy",
"a",
"central",
"place",
"in",
"cultural",
"and",
"social",
"anthropology",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
",",
"archaeology",
"and",
"biological",
"anthropology",
"remained",
"largely",
"positivist",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"this",
"difference",
"in",
"epistemology",
",",
"the",
"four",
"sub",
"-",
"fields",
"of",
"anthropology",
"have",
"lacked",
"cohesion",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"several",
"decades",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
27,
31,
36,
44,
55,
58,
72,
76,
87,
95,
97,
100,
105,
108,
110,
116,
123,
127,
136,
139,
146,
155,
157,
164,
168,
174,
178,
183,
185,
191,
195,
198,
214,
220,
225,
230,
234,
245,
256,
261,
265,
273,
282,
286,
303,
309,
311,
318,
323,
328,
330,
339,
349,
355,
359,
366,
370,
381,
384,
394,
399,
402,
409,
411,
419,
425,
428,
437,
441,
448,
460,
462,
465,
473,
475,
487,
491,
502,
515,
524,
532,
542,
544,
548,
551,
556,
567,
570,
582,
584,
588,
593,
596,
597,
604,
607,
620,
625,
632,
641,
646,
650,
655,
663,
670
]
} | 3896eca5a7e741519a6a3dbb7f8075fd | What two fields remained largely positivist? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"two",
"fields",
"remained",
"largely",
"positivist",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
16,
25,
33,
43
]
} | {
"text": [
"archaeology and biological anthropology"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
475
],
"end": [
513
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
76
],
"end": [
79
]
}
]
} | [
"archaeology and biological anthropology"
] |
SQuAD | Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades. | {
"tokens": [
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"heavily",
"influenced",
"by",
"structuralist",
"and",
"postmodern",
"theories",
",",
"as",
"well",
"as",
"a",
"shift",
"toward",
"the",
"analysis",
"of",
"modern",
"societies",
".",
"During",
"the",
"1970s",
"and",
"1990s",
",",
"there",
"was",
"an",
"epistemological",
"shift",
"away",
"from",
"the",
"positivist",
"traditions",
"that",
"had",
"largely",
"informed",
"the",
"discipline.[page",
"needed",
"]",
"During",
"this",
"shift",
",",
"enduring",
"questions",
"about",
"the",
"nature",
"and",
"production",
"of",
"knowledge",
"came",
"to",
"occupy",
"a",
"central",
"place",
"in",
"cultural",
"and",
"social",
"anthropology",
".",
"In",
"contrast",
",",
"archaeology",
"and",
"biological",
"anthropology",
"remained",
"largely",
"positivist",
".",
"Due",
"to",
"this",
"difference",
"in",
"epistemology",
",",
"the",
"four",
"sub",
"-",
"fields",
"of",
"anthropology",
"have",
"lacked",
"cohesion",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"several",
"decades",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
14,
27,
31,
36,
44,
55,
58,
72,
76,
87,
95,
97,
100,
105,
108,
110,
116,
123,
127,
136,
139,
146,
155,
157,
164,
168,
174,
178,
183,
185,
191,
195,
198,
214,
220,
225,
230,
234,
245,
256,
261,
265,
273,
282,
286,
303,
309,
311,
318,
323,
328,
330,
339,
349,
355,
359,
366,
370,
381,
384,
394,
399,
402,
409,
411,
419,
425,
428,
437,
441,
448,
460,
462,
465,
473,
475,
487,
491,
502,
515,
524,
532,
542,
544,
548,
551,
556,
567,
570,
582,
584,
588,
593,
596,
597,
604,
607,
620,
625,
632,
641,
646,
650,
655,
663,
670
]
} | b2e4ce50898c495d8670e9a5783eba5a | What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"have",
"the",
"four",
"sub",
"-",
"fields",
"of",
"anthropology",
"lacked",
"over",
"the",
"last",
"several",
"decades",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
19,
22,
23,
30,
33,
46,
53,
58,
62,
67,
75,
82
]
} | {
"text": [
"cohesion"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
632
],
"end": [
639
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
100
],
"end": [
100
]
}
]
} | [
"cohesion"
] |
SQuAD | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain. | {
"tokens": [
"Deciduous",
"trees",
"and",
"plants",
"have",
"been",
"promoted",
"as",
"a",
"means",
"of",
"controlling",
"solar",
"heating",
"and",
"cooling",
".",
"When",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"southern",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"hemisphere",
"or",
"the",
"northern",
"side",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"hemisphere",
",",
"their",
"leaves",
"provide",
"shade",
"during",
"the",
"summer",
",",
"while",
"the",
"bare",
"limbs",
"allow",
"light",
"to",
"pass",
"during",
"the",
"winter",
".",
"Since",
"bare",
",",
"leafless",
"trees",
"shade",
"1/3",
"to",
"1/2",
"of",
"incident",
"solar",
"radiation",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"balance",
"between",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"and",
"the",
"corresponding",
"loss",
"of",
"winter",
"heating",
".",
"In",
"climates",
"with",
"significant",
"heating",
"loads",
",",
"deciduous",
"trees",
"should",
"not",
"be",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"Equator",
"facing",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"because",
"they",
"will",
"interfere",
"with",
"winter",
"solar",
"availability",
".",
"They",
"can",
",",
"however",
",",
"be",
"used",
"on",
"the",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"sides",
"to",
"provide",
"a",
"degree",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"without",
"appreciably",
"affecting",
"winter",
"solar",
"gain",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
16,
20,
27,
32,
37,
46,
49,
51,
57,
60,
72,
78,
86,
90,
97,
99,
104,
112,
115,
119,
128,
133,
136,
138,
147,
150,
154,
163,
174,
177,
181,
190,
195,
198,
202,
211,
221,
223,
229,
236,
244,
250,
257,
261,
267,
269,
275,
279,
284,
290,
296,
302,
305,
310,
317,
321,
327,
329,
335,
339,
341,
350,
356,
362,
366,
369,
373,
376,
385,
391,
400,
402,
408,
411,
413,
421,
429,
433,
442,
445,
452,
460,
464,
468,
482,
487,
490,
497,
504,
506,
509,
518,
523,
535,
543,
548,
550,
560,
566,
573,
577,
580,
588,
591,
595,
603,
610,
615,
618,
620,
629,
637,
642,
647,
657,
662,
669,
675,
687,
689,
694,
697,
699,
706,
708,
711,
716,
719,
723,
728,
732,
737,
743,
746,
754,
756,
763,
766,
773,
781,
789,
801,
811,
818,
824,
828
]
} | 014462e4c2ac4752a751d18f39760790 | The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season? | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"placement",
"of",
"deciduous",
"trees",
"on",
"the",
"Equator",
"facing",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"can",
"have",
"a",
"negative",
"effect",
"on",
"solar",
"availability",
"in",
"which",
"season",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
17,
27,
33,
36,
40,
48,
55,
60,
63,
65,
74,
78,
83,
85,
94,
101,
104,
110,
123,
126,
132,
138
]
} | {
"text": [
"winter"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
321
],
"end": [
326
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
57
],
"end": [
57
]
}
]
} | [
"winter"
] |
SQuAD | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain. | {
"tokens": [
"Deciduous",
"trees",
"and",
"plants",
"have",
"been",
"promoted",
"as",
"a",
"means",
"of",
"controlling",
"solar",
"heating",
"and",
"cooling",
".",
"When",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"southern",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"hemisphere",
"or",
"the",
"northern",
"side",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"hemisphere",
",",
"their",
"leaves",
"provide",
"shade",
"during",
"the",
"summer",
",",
"while",
"the",
"bare",
"limbs",
"allow",
"light",
"to",
"pass",
"during",
"the",
"winter",
".",
"Since",
"bare",
",",
"leafless",
"trees",
"shade",
"1/3",
"to",
"1/2",
"of",
"incident",
"solar",
"radiation",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"balance",
"between",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"and",
"the",
"corresponding",
"loss",
"of",
"winter",
"heating",
".",
"In",
"climates",
"with",
"significant",
"heating",
"loads",
",",
"deciduous",
"trees",
"should",
"not",
"be",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"Equator",
"facing",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"because",
"they",
"will",
"interfere",
"with",
"winter",
"solar",
"availability",
".",
"They",
"can",
",",
"however",
",",
"be",
"used",
"on",
"the",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"sides",
"to",
"provide",
"a",
"degree",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"without",
"appreciably",
"affecting",
"winter",
"solar",
"gain",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
16,
20,
27,
32,
37,
46,
49,
51,
57,
60,
72,
78,
86,
90,
97,
99,
104,
112,
115,
119,
128,
133,
136,
138,
147,
150,
154,
163,
174,
177,
181,
190,
195,
198,
202,
211,
221,
223,
229,
236,
244,
250,
257,
261,
267,
269,
275,
279,
284,
290,
296,
302,
305,
310,
317,
321,
327,
329,
335,
339,
341,
350,
356,
362,
366,
369,
373,
376,
385,
391,
400,
402,
408,
411,
413,
421,
429,
433,
442,
445,
452,
460,
464,
468,
482,
487,
490,
497,
504,
506,
509,
518,
523,
535,
543,
548,
550,
560,
566,
573,
577,
580,
588,
591,
595,
603,
610,
615,
618,
620,
629,
637,
642,
647,
657,
662,
669,
675,
687,
689,
694,
697,
699,
706,
708,
711,
716,
719,
723,
728,
732,
737,
743,
746,
754,
756,
763,
766,
773,
781,
789,
801,
811,
818,
824,
828
]
} | e0006b207e1a4713b23268f76646b252 | What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"something",
"that",
"is",
"used",
"to",
"control",
"solar",
"heating",
"and",
"cooling",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
18,
23,
26,
31,
34,
42,
48,
56,
60,
67
]
} | {
"text": [
"trees and plants"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
10
],
"end": [
25
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
1
],
"end": [
3
]
}
]
} | [
"trees and plants"
] |
SQuAD | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain. | {
"tokens": [
"Deciduous",
"trees",
"and",
"plants",
"have",
"been",
"promoted",
"as",
"a",
"means",
"of",
"controlling",
"solar",
"heating",
"and",
"cooling",
".",
"When",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"southern",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"hemisphere",
"or",
"the",
"northern",
"side",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"hemisphere",
",",
"their",
"leaves",
"provide",
"shade",
"during",
"the",
"summer",
",",
"while",
"the",
"bare",
"limbs",
"allow",
"light",
"to",
"pass",
"during",
"the",
"winter",
".",
"Since",
"bare",
",",
"leafless",
"trees",
"shade",
"1/3",
"to",
"1/2",
"of",
"incident",
"solar",
"radiation",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"balance",
"between",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"and",
"the",
"corresponding",
"loss",
"of",
"winter",
"heating",
".",
"In",
"climates",
"with",
"significant",
"heating",
"loads",
",",
"deciduous",
"trees",
"should",
"not",
"be",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"Equator",
"facing",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"because",
"they",
"will",
"interfere",
"with",
"winter",
"solar",
"availability",
".",
"They",
"can",
",",
"however",
",",
"be",
"used",
"on",
"the",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"sides",
"to",
"provide",
"a",
"degree",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"without",
"appreciably",
"affecting",
"winter",
"solar",
"gain",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
16,
20,
27,
32,
37,
46,
49,
51,
57,
60,
72,
78,
86,
90,
97,
99,
104,
112,
115,
119,
128,
133,
136,
138,
147,
150,
154,
163,
174,
177,
181,
190,
195,
198,
202,
211,
221,
223,
229,
236,
244,
250,
257,
261,
267,
269,
275,
279,
284,
290,
296,
302,
305,
310,
317,
321,
327,
329,
335,
339,
341,
350,
356,
362,
366,
369,
373,
376,
385,
391,
400,
402,
408,
411,
413,
421,
429,
433,
442,
445,
452,
460,
464,
468,
482,
487,
490,
497,
504,
506,
509,
518,
523,
535,
543,
548,
550,
560,
566,
573,
577,
580,
588,
591,
595,
603,
610,
615,
618,
620,
629,
637,
642,
647,
657,
662,
669,
675,
687,
689,
694,
697,
699,
706,
708,
711,
716,
719,
723,
728,
732,
737,
743,
746,
754,
756,
763,
766,
773,
781,
789,
801,
811,
818,
824,
828
]
} | 4418655e7cde4719ac698b1519736d1b | How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"much",
"solar",
"radiation",
"is",
"blocked",
"by",
"leafless",
"trees",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
15,
25,
28,
36,
39,
48,
53
]
} | {
"text": [
"1/3 to 1/2"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
362
],
"end": [
371
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
65
],
"end": [
67
]
}
]
} | [
"1/3 to 1/2"
] |
SQuAD | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain. | {
"tokens": [
"Deciduous",
"trees",
"and",
"plants",
"have",
"been",
"promoted",
"as",
"a",
"means",
"of",
"controlling",
"solar",
"heating",
"and",
"cooling",
".",
"When",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"southern",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"hemisphere",
"or",
"the",
"northern",
"side",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"hemisphere",
",",
"their",
"leaves",
"provide",
"shade",
"during",
"the",
"summer",
",",
"while",
"the",
"bare",
"limbs",
"allow",
"light",
"to",
"pass",
"during",
"the",
"winter",
".",
"Since",
"bare",
",",
"leafless",
"trees",
"shade",
"1/3",
"to",
"1/2",
"of",
"incident",
"solar",
"radiation",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"balance",
"between",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"and",
"the",
"corresponding",
"loss",
"of",
"winter",
"heating",
".",
"In",
"climates",
"with",
"significant",
"heating",
"loads",
",",
"deciduous",
"trees",
"should",
"not",
"be",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"Equator",
"facing",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"because",
"they",
"will",
"interfere",
"with",
"winter",
"solar",
"availability",
".",
"They",
"can",
",",
"however",
",",
"be",
"used",
"on",
"the",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"sides",
"to",
"provide",
"a",
"degree",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"without",
"appreciably",
"affecting",
"winter",
"solar",
"gain",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
16,
20,
27,
32,
37,
46,
49,
51,
57,
60,
72,
78,
86,
90,
97,
99,
104,
112,
115,
119,
128,
133,
136,
138,
147,
150,
154,
163,
174,
177,
181,
190,
195,
198,
202,
211,
221,
223,
229,
236,
244,
250,
257,
261,
267,
269,
275,
279,
284,
290,
296,
302,
305,
310,
317,
321,
327,
329,
335,
339,
341,
350,
356,
362,
366,
369,
373,
376,
385,
391,
400,
402,
408,
411,
413,
421,
429,
433,
442,
445,
452,
460,
464,
468,
482,
487,
490,
497,
504,
506,
509,
518,
523,
535,
543,
548,
550,
560,
566,
573,
577,
580,
588,
591,
595,
603,
610,
615,
618,
620,
629,
637,
642,
647,
657,
662,
669,
675,
687,
689,
694,
697,
699,
706,
708,
711,
716,
719,
723,
728,
732,
737,
743,
746,
754,
756,
763,
766,
773,
781,
789,
801,
811,
818,
824,
828
]
} | fd130b2f31c5407e94e23896c87be1d3 | Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator? | {
"tokens": [
"Why",
"should",
"trees",
"not",
"be",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"facing",
"the",
"equator",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
11,
17,
21,
24,
32,
35,
39,
44,
47,
49,
58,
65,
69,
76
]
} | {
"text": [
"they will interfere with winter solar availability"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
637
],
"end": [
686
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
113
],
"end": [
119
]
}
]
} | [
"they will interfere with winter solar availability"
] |
SQuAD | Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain. | {
"tokens": [
"Deciduous",
"trees",
"and",
"plants",
"have",
"been",
"promoted",
"as",
"a",
"means",
"of",
"controlling",
"solar",
"heating",
"and",
"cooling",
".",
"When",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"southern",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"in",
"the",
"northern",
"hemisphere",
"or",
"the",
"northern",
"side",
"in",
"the",
"southern",
"hemisphere",
",",
"their",
"leaves",
"provide",
"shade",
"during",
"the",
"summer",
",",
"while",
"the",
"bare",
"limbs",
"allow",
"light",
"to",
"pass",
"during",
"the",
"winter",
".",
"Since",
"bare",
",",
"leafless",
"trees",
"shade",
"1/3",
"to",
"1/2",
"of",
"incident",
"solar",
"radiation",
",",
"there",
"is",
"a",
"balance",
"between",
"the",
"benefits",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"and",
"the",
"corresponding",
"loss",
"of",
"winter",
"heating",
".",
"In",
"climates",
"with",
"significant",
"heating",
"loads",
",",
"deciduous",
"trees",
"should",
"not",
"be",
"planted",
"on",
"the",
"Equator",
"facing",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"because",
"they",
"will",
"interfere",
"with",
"winter",
"solar",
"availability",
".",
"They",
"can",
",",
"however",
",",
"be",
"used",
"on",
"the",
"east",
"and",
"west",
"sides",
"to",
"provide",
"a",
"degree",
"of",
"summer",
"shading",
"without",
"appreciably",
"affecting",
"winter",
"solar",
"gain",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
10,
16,
20,
27,
32,
37,
46,
49,
51,
57,
60,
72,
78,
86,
90,
97,
99,
104,
112,
115,
119,
128,
133,
136,
138,
147,
150,
154,
163,
174,
177,
181,
190,
195,
198,
202,
211,
221,
223,
229,
236,
244,
250,
257,
261,
267,
269,
275,
279,
284,
290,
296,
302,
305,
310,
317,
321,
327,
329,
335,
339,
341,
350,
356,
362,
366,
369,
373,
376,
385,
391,
400,
402,
408,
411,
413,
421,
429,
433,
442,
445,
452,
460,
464,
468,
482,
487,
490,
497,
504,
506,
509,
518,
523,
535,
543,
548,
550,
560,
566,
573,
577,
580,
588,
591,
595,
603,
610,
615,
618,
620,
629,
637,
642,
647,
657,
662,
669,
675,
687,
689,
694,
697,
699,
706,
708,
711,
716,
719,
723,
728,
732,
737,
743,
746,
754,
756,
763,
766,
773,
781,
789,
801,
811,
818,
824,
828
]
} | 593cda422af847cebd81d9fa49ab9a28 | What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"side",
"of",
"a",
"building",
"should",
"trees",
"be",
"planted",
"without",
"greatly",
"affecting",
"solar",
"gain",
"in",
"the",
"winter",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
15,
24,
31,
37,
40,
48,
56,
64,
74,
80,
85,
88,
92,
98
]
} | {
"text": [
"east and west"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
723
],
"end": [
735
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
130
],
"end": [
132
]
}
]
} | [
"east and west"
] |
SQuAD | Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills. | {
"tokens": [
"Public",
"education",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"consists",
"of",
"11",
"years",
"of",
"primary",
"and",
"secondary",
"education",
"but",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"plans",
"to",
"implement",
"a",
"12-year",
"system",
"in",
"2016",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"relatively",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"tertiary",
"education",
"institutions",
"including",
"Khujand",
"State",
"University",
"which",
"has",
"76",
"departments",
"in",
"15",
"faculties",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"State",
"University",
"of",
"Law",
",",
"Business",
",",
"&",
"Politics",
",",
"Khorugh",
"State",
"University",
",",
"Agricultural",
"University",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Tajik",
"State",
"National",
"University",
",",
"and",
"several",
"other",
"institutions",
".",
"Most",
",",
"but",
"not",
"all",
",",
"universities",
"were",
"established",
"during",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Era",
".",
"As",
"of",
"2008[update",
"]",
"tertiary",
"education",
"enrollment",
"was",
"17",
"%",
",",
"significantly",
"below",
"the",
"sub",
"-",
"regional",
"average",
"of",
"37",
"%",
".",
"Many",
"Tajiks",
"left",
"the",
"education",
"system",
"due",
"to",
"low",
"demand",
"in",
"the",
"labor",
"market",
"for",
"people",
"with",
"extensive",
"educational",
"training",
"or",
"professional",
"skills",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
17,
20,
31,
40,
43,
46,
52,
55,
63,
67,
77,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
116,
119,
129,
131,
139,
146,
149,
153,
155,
161,
164,
166,
177,
183,
190,
193,
202,
212,
225,
235,
243,
249,
260,
266,
270,
273,
285,
288,
291,
300,
302,
313,
319,
330,
333,
336,
338,
346,
348,
350,
358,
360,
368,
374,
384,
386,
399,
410,
413,
423,
425,
431,
437,
446,
456,
458,
462,
470,
476,
488,
490,
494,
496,
500,
504,
507,
509,
522,
527,
539,
546,
550,
557,
560,
562,
565,
568,
579,
581,
590,
600,
611,
615,
617,
618,
620,
634,
640,
644,
647,
648,
657,
665,
668,
670,
671,
673,
678,
685,
690,
694,
704,
711,
715,
718,
722,
729,
732,
736,
742,
749,
753,
760,
765,
775,
787,
796,
799,
812,
818
]
} | 87b3534e71cb464ebe6e06096e172756 | How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system? | {
"tokens": [
"How",
"many",
"years",
"of",
"school",
"are",
"there",
"in",
"the",
"Tajikistan",
"school",
"system",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
15,
18,
25,
29,
35,
38,
42,
53,
60,
66
]
} | {
"text": [
"11 years of primary and secondary education"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
43
],
"end": [
85
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
6
],
"end": [
12
]
}
]
} | [
"11 years of primary and secondary education"
] |
SQuAD | Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills. | {
"tokens": [
"Public",
"education",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"consists",
"of",
"11",
"years",
"of",
"primary",
"and",
"secondary",
"education",
"but",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"plans",
"to",
"implement",
"a",
"12-year",
"system",
"in",
"2016",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"relatively",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"tertiary",
"education",
"institutions",
"including",
"Khujand",
"State",
"University",
"which",
"has",
"76",
"departments",
"in",
"15",
"faculties",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"State",
"University",
"of",
"Law",
",",
"Business",
",",
"&",
"Politics",
",",
"Khorugh",
"State",
"University",
",",
"Agricultural",
"University",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Tajik",
"State",
"National",
"University",
",",
"and",
"several",
"other",
"institutions",
".",
"Most",
",",
"but",
"not",
"all",
",",
"universities",
"were",
"established",
"during",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Era",
".",
"As",
"of",
"2008[update",
"]",
"tertiary",
"education",
"enrollment",
"was",
"17",
"%",
",",
"significantly",
"below",
"the",
"sub",
"-",
"regional",
"average",
"of",
"37",
"%",
".",
"Many",
"Tajiks",
"left",
"the",
"education",
"system",
"due",
"to",
"low",
"demand",
"in",
"the",
"labor",
"market",
"for",
"people",
"with",
"extensive",
"educational",
"training",
"or",
"professional",
"skills",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
17,
20,
31,
40,
43,
46,
52,
55,
63,
67,
77,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
116,
119,
129,
131,
139,
146,
149,
153,
155,
161,
164,
166,
177,
183,
190,
193,
202,
212,
225,
235,
243,
249,
260,
266,
270,
273,
285,
288,
291,
300,
302,
313,
319,
330,
333,
336,
338,
346,
348,
350,
358,
360,
368,
374,
384,
386,
399,
410,
413,
423,
425,
431,
437,
446,
456,
458,
462,
470,
476,
488,
490,
494,
496,
500,
504,
507,
509,
522,
527,
539,
546,
550,
557,
560,
562,
565,
568,
579,
581,
590,
600,
611,
615,
617,
618,
620,
634,
640,
644,
647,
648,
657,
665,
668,
670,
671,
673,
678,
685,
690,
694,
704,
711,
715,
718,
722,
729,
732,
736,
742,
749,
753,
760,
765,
775,
787,
796,
799,
812,
818
]
} | 1c5c41295c9a4218b5852458ff2b7bf3 | What do they want to impliment in 2016? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"do",
"they",
"want",
"to",
"impliment",
"in",
"2016",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
13,
18,
21,
31,
34,
38
]
} | {
"text": [
"a 12-year system"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
129
],
"end": [
144
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
20
],
"end": [
22
]
}
]
} | [
"a 12-year system"
] |
SQuAD | Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills. | {
"tokens": [
"Public",
"education",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"consists",
"of",
"11",
"years",
"of",
"primary",
"and",
"secondary",
"education",
"but",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"plans",
"to",
"implement",
"a",
"12-year",
"system",
"in",
"2016",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"relatively",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"tertiary",
"education",
"institutions",
"including",
"Khujand",
"State",
"University",
"which",
"has",
"76",
"departments",
"in",
"15",
"faculties",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"State",
"University",
"of",
"Law",
",",
"Business",
",",
"&",
"Politics",
",",
"Khorugh",
"State",
"University",
",",
"Agricultural",
"University",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Tajik",
"State",
"National",
"University",
",",
"and",
"several",
"other",
"institutions",
".",
"Most",
",",
"but",
"not",
"all",
",",
"universities",
"were",
"established",
"during",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Era",
".",
"As",
"of",
"2008[update",
"]",
"tertiary",
"education",
"enrollment",
"was",
"17",
"%",
",",
"significantly",
"below",
"the",
"sub",
"-",
"regional",
"average",
"of",
"37",
"%",
".",
"Many",
"Tajiks",
"left",
"the",
"education",
"system",
"due",
"to",
"low",
"demand",
"in",
"the",
"labor",
"market",
"for",
"people",
"with",
"extensive",
"educational",
"training",
"or",
"professional",
"skills",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
17,
20,
31,
40,
43,
46,
52,
55,
63,
67,
77,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
116,
119,
129,
131,
139,
146,
149,
153,
155,
161,
164,
166,
177,
183,
190,
193,
202,
212,
225,
235,
243,
249,
260,
266,
270,
273,
285,
288,
291,
300,
302,
313,
319,
330,
333,
336,
338,
346,
348,
350,
358,
360,
368,
374,
384,
386,
399,
410,
413,
423,
425,
431,
437,
446,
456,
458,
462,
470,
476,
488,
490,
494,
496,
500,
504,
507,
509,
522,
527,
539,
546,
550,
557,
560,
562,
565,
568,
579,
581,
590,
600,
611,
615,
617,
618,
620,
634,
640,
644,
647,
648,
657,
665,
668,
670,
671,
673,
678,
685,
690,
694,
704,
711,
715,
718,
722,
729,
732,
736,
742,
749,
753,
760,
765,
775,
787,
796,
799,
812,
818
]
} | bdf7a4ae53064829b0988dd4ca5dc882 | What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"name",
"of",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"tertiary",
"education",
"institutions",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
17,
20,
24,
27,
31,
40,
50,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"Khujand State University"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
235
],
"end": [
258
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
37
],
"end": [
39
]
}
]
} | [
"Khujand State University"
] |
SQuAD | Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills. | {
"tokens": [
"Public",
"education",
"in",
"Tajikistan",
"consists",
"of",
"11",
"years",
"of",
"primary",
"and",
"secondary",
"education",
"but",
"the",
"government",
"has",
"plans",
"to",
"implement",
"a",
"12-year",
"system",
"in",
"2016",
".",
"There",
"is",
"a",
"relatively",
"large",
"number",
"of",
"tertiary",
"education",
"institutions",
"including",
"Khujand",
"State",
"University",
"which",
"has",
"76",
"departments",
"in",
"15",
"faculties",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"State",
"University",
"of",
"Law",
",",
"Business",
",",
"&",
"Politics",
",",
"Khorugh",
"State",
"University",
",",
"Agricultural",
"University",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
",",
"Tajik",
"State",
"National",
"University",
",",
"and",
"several",
"other",
"institutions",
".",
"Most",
",",
"but",
"not",
"all",
",",
"universities",
"were",
"established",
"during",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Era",
".",
"As",
"of",
"2008[update",
"]",
"tertiary",
"education",
"enrollment",
"was",
"17",
"%",
",",
"significantly",
"below",
"the",
"sub",
"-",
"regional",
"average",
"of",
"37",
"%",
".",
"Many",
"Tajiks",
"left",
"the",
"education",
"system",
"due",
"to",
"low",
"demand",
"in",
"the",
"labor",
"market",
"for",
"people",
"with",
"extensive",
"educational",
"training",
"or",
"professional",
"skills",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
7,
17,
20,
31,
40,
43,
46,
52,
55,
63,
67,
77,
87,
91,
95,
106,
110,
116,
119,
129,
131,
139,
146,
149,
153,
155,
161,
164,
166,
177,
183,
190,
193,
202,
212,
225,
235,
243,
249,
260,
266,
270,
273,
285,
288,
291,
300,
302,
313,
319,
330,
333,
336,
338,
346,
348,
350,
358,
360,
368,
374,
384,
386,
399,
410,
413,
423,
425,
431,
437,
446,
456,
458,
462,
470,
476,
488,
490,
494,
496,
500,
504,
507,
509,
522,
527,
539,
546,
550,
557,
560,
562,
565,
568,
579,
581,
590,
600,
611,
615,
617,
618,
620,
634,
640,
644,
647,
648,
657,
665,
668,
670,
671,
673,
678,
685,
690,
694,
704,
711,
715,
718,
722,
729,
732,
736,
742,
749,
753,
760,
765,
775,
787,
796,
799,
812,
818
]
} | 9f197599b4964b0186bd0c66ed1930c6 | What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"percent",
"of",
"tertiary",
"education",
"enrollment",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
20,
23,
32,
42,
52
]
} | {
"text": [
"17%"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
615
],
"end": [
617
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
100
],
"end": [
101
]
}
]
} | [
"17%"
] |
SQuAD | The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology). | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"study",
"of",
"kinship",
"and",
"social",
"organization",
"is",
"a",
"central",
"focus",
"of",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"as",
"kinship",
"is",
"a",
"human",
"universal",
".",
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"also",
"covers",
"economic",
"and",
"political",
"organization",
",",
"law",
"and",
"conflict",
"resolution",
",",
"patterns",
"of",
"consumption",
"and",
"exchange",
",",
"material",
"culture",
",",
"technology",
",",
"infrastructure",
",",
"gender",
"relations",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"childrearing",
"and",
"socialization",
",",
"religion",
",",
"myth",
",",
"symbols",
",",
"values",
",",
"etiquette",
",",
"worldview",
",",
"sports",
",",
"music",
",",
"nutrition",
",",
"recreation",
",",
"games",
",",
"food",
",",
"festivals",
",",
"and",
"language",
"(",
"which",
"is",
"also",
"the",
"object",
"of",
"study",
"in",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
10,
13,
21,
25,
32,
45,
48,
50,
58,
64,
67,
81,
93,
95,
98,
106,
109,
111,
117,
126,
128,
142,
155,
160,
167,
176,
180,
190,
202,
204,
208,
212,
221,
231,
233,
242,
245,
257,
261,
269,
271,
280,
287,
289,
299,
301,
315,
317,
324,
333,
335,
344,
346,
359,
363,
376,
378,
386,
388,
392,
394,
401,
403,
409,
411,
420,
422,
431,
433,
439,
441,
446,
448,
457,
459,
469,
471,
476,
478,
482,
484,
493,
495,
499,
508,
509,
515,
518,
523,
527,
534,
537,
543,
546,
557,
569,
570
]
} | 83ef036d2d004d02be91abe10752e6c0 | Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of? | {
"tokens": [
"Why",
"type",
"of",
"anthropology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"social",
"organization",
"a",
"central",
"focus",
"of",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
12,
25,
28,
32,
38,
41,
48,
61,
63,
71,
77,
79
]
} | {
"text": [
"Sociocultural"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
128
],
"end": [
140
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
22
],
"end": [
22
]
}
]
} | [
"Sociocultural"
] |
SQuAD | The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology). | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"study",
"of",
"kinship",
"and",
"social",
"organization",
"is",
"a",
"central",
"focus",
"of",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"as",
"kinship",
"is",
"a",
"human",
"universal",
".",
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"also",
"covers",
"economic",
"and",
"political",
"organization",
",",
"law",
"and",
"conflict",
"resolution",
",",
"patterns",
"of",
"consumption",
"and",
"exchange",
",",
"material",
"culture",
",",
"technology",
",",
"infrastructure",
",",
"gender",
"relations",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"childrearing",
"and",
"socialization",
",",
"religion",
",",
"myth",
",",
"symbols",
",",
"values",
",",
"etiquette",
",",
"worldview",
",",
"sports",
",",
"music",
",",
"nutrition",
",",
"recreation",
",",
"games",
",",
"food",
",",
"festivals",
",",
"and",
"language",
"(",
"which",
"is",
"also",
"the",
"object",
"of",
"study",
"in",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
10,
13,
21,
25,
32,
45,
48,
50,
58,
64,
67,
81,
93,
95,
98,
106,
109,
111,
117,
126,
128,
142,
155,
160,
167,
176,
180,
190,
202,
204,
208,
212,
221,
231,
233,
242,
245,
257,
261,
269,
271,
280,
287,
289,
299,
301,
315,
317,
324,
333,
335,
344,
346,
359,
363,
376,
378,
386,
388,
392,
394,
401,
403,
409,
411,
420,
422,
431,
433,
439,
441,
446,
448,
457,
459,
469,
471,
476,
478,
482,
484,
493,
495,
499,
508,
509,
515,
518,
523,
527,
534,
537,
543,
546,
557,
569,
570
]
} | ac723827b9524a178b9de48825b5dc93 | What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"patterns",
"does",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"get",
"up",
"in",
"the",
"morning",
"to",
"learn",
"about",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
14,
19,
33,
46,
50,
53,
56,
60,
68,
71,
77,
82
]
} | {
"text": [
"consumption and exchange"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
245
],
"end": [
268
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
38
],
"end": [
40
]
}
]
} | [
"consumption and exchange"
] |
SQuAD | The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology). | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"study",
"of",
"kinship",
"and",
"social",
"organization",
"is",
"a",
"central",
"focus",
"of",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"as",
"kinship",
"is",
"a",
"human",
"universal",
".",
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"also",
"covers",
"economic",
"and",
"political",
"organization",
",",
"law",
"and",
"conflict",
"resolution",
",",
"patterns",
"of",
"consumption",
"and",
"exchange",
",",
"material",
"culture",
",",
"technology",
",",
"infrastructure",
",",
"gender",
"relations",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"childrearing",
"and",
"socialization",
",",
"religion",
",",
"myth",
",",
"symbols",
",",
"values",
",",
"etiquette",
",",
"worldview",
",",
"sports",
",",
"music",
",",
"nutrition",
",",
"recreation",
",",
"games",
",",
"food",
",",
"festivals",
",",
"and",
"language",
"(",
"which",
"is",
"also",
"the",
"object",
"of",
"study",
"in",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
10,
13,
21,
25,
32,
45,
48,
50,
58,
64,
67,
81,
93,
95,
98,
106,
109,
111,
117,
126,
128,
142,
155,
160,
167,
176,
180,
190,
202,
204,
208,
212,
221,
231,
233,
242,
245,
257,
261,
269,
271,
280,
287,
289,
299,
301,
315,
317,
324,
333,
335,
344,
346,
359,
363,
376,
378,
386,
388,
392,
394,
401,
403,
409,
411,
420,
422,
431,
433,
439,
441,
446,
448,
457,
459,
469,
471,
476,
478,
482,
484,
493,
495,
499,
508,
509,
515,
518,
523,
527,
534,
537,
543,
546,
557,
569,
570
]
} | 71c2f9be3d924fb2a3010aafe3a8aec6 | What is a human universal? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"a",
"human",
"universal",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
10,
16,
25
]
} | {
"text": [
"kinship"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
98
],
"end": [
104
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
16
],
"end": [
16
]
}
]
} | [
"kinship"
] |
SQuAD | The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology). | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"study",
"of",
"kinship",
"and",
"social",
"organization",
"is",
"a",
"central",
"focus",
"of",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"as",
"kinship",
"is",
"a",
"human",
"universal",
".",
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"also",
"covers",
"economic",
"and",
"political",
"organization",
",",
"law",
"and",
"conflict",
"resolution",
",",
"patterns",
"of",
"consumption",
"and",
"exchange",
",",
"material",
"culture",
",",
"technology",
",",
"infrastructure",
",",
"gender",
"relations",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"childrearing",
"and",
"socialization",
",",
"religion",
",",
"myth",
",",
"symbols",
",",
"values",
",",
"etiquette",
",",
"worldview",
",",
"sports",
",",
"music",
",",
"nutrition",
",",
"recreation",
",",
"games",
",",
"food",
",",
"festivals",
",",
"and",
"language",
"(",
"which",
"is",
"also",
"the",
"object",
"of",
"study",
"in",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
10,
13,
21,
25,
32,
45,
48,
50,
58,
64,
67,
81,
93,
95,
98,
106,
109,
111,
117,
126,
128,
142,
155,
160,
167,
176,
180,
190,
202,
204,
208,
212,
221,
231,
233,
242,
245,
257,
261,
269,
271,
280,
287,
289,
299,
301,
315,
317,
324,
333,
335,
344,
346,
359,
363,
376,
378,
386,
388,
392,
394,
401,
403,
409,
411,
420,
422,
431,
433,
439,
441,
446,
448,
457,
459,
469,
471,
476,
478,
482,
484,
493,
495,
499,
508,
509,
515,
518,
523,
527,
534,
537,
543,
546,
557,
569,
570
]
} | 9cdff74233b04b5badb8219b85e69ef2 | What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"is",
"the",
"object",
"of",
"study",
"for",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
12,
19,
22,
28,
32,
43,
55
]
} | {
"text": [
"language"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
499
],
"end": [
506
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
85
],
"end": [
85
]
}
]
} | [
"language"
] |
SQuAD | The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology). | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"study",
"of",
"kinship",
"and",
"social",
"organization",
"is",
"a",
"central",
"focus",
"of",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
",",
"as",
"kinship",
"is",
"a",
"human",
"universal",
".",
"Sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"also",
"covers",
"economic",
"and",
"political",
"organization",
",",
"law",
"and",
"conflict",
"resolution",
",",
"patterns",
"of",
"consumption",
"and",
"exchange",
",",
"material",
"culture",
",",
"technology",
",",
"infrastructure",
",",
"gender",
"relations",
",",
"ethnicity",
",",
"childrearing",
"and",
"socialization",
",",
"religion",
",",
"myth",
",",
"symbols",
",",
"values",
",",
"etiquette",
",",
"worldview",
",",
"sports",
",",
"music",
",",
"nutrition",
",",
"recreation",
",",
"games",
",",
"food",
",",
"festivals",
",",
"and",
"language",
"(",
"which",
"is",
"also",
"the",
"object",
"of",
"study",
"in",
"linguistic",
"anthropology",
")",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
10,
13,
21,
25,
32,
45,
48,
50,
58,
64,
67,
81,
93,
95,
98,
106,
109,
111,
117,
126,
128,
142,
155,
160,
167,
176,
180,
190,
202,
204,
208,
212,
221,
231,
233,
242,
245,
257,
261,
269,
271,
280,
287,
289,
299,
301,
315,
317,
324,
333,
335,
344,
346,
359,
363,
376,
378,
386,
388,
392,
394,
401,
403,
409,
411,
420,
422,
431,
433,
439,
441,
446,
448,
457,
459,
469,
471,
476,
478,
482,
484,
493,
495,
499,
508,
509,
515,
518,
523,
527,
534,
537,
543,
546,
557,
569,
570
]
} | ad5453fcb185403a8342329bb091886c | Why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in? | {
"tokens": [
"Why",
"type",
"of",
"conflict",
"is",
"sociocultural",
"anthropology",
"interested",
"in",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
9,
12,
21,
24,
38,
51,
62,
64
]
} | {
"text": [
"resolution"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
221
],
"end": [
230
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
34
],
"end": [
34
]
}
]
} | [
"resolution"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"a",
"global",
"discipline",
"where",
"humanities",
",",
"social",
",",
"and",
"natural",
"sciences",
"are",
"forced",
"to",
"confront",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Anthropology",
"builds",
"upon",
"knowledge",
"from",
"natural",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"discoveries",
"about",
"the",
"origin",
"and",
"evolution",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
",",
"human",
"physical",
"traits",
",",
"human",
"behavior",
",",
"the",
"variations",
"among",
"different",
"groups",
"of",
"humans",
",",
"how",
"the",
"evolutionary",
"past",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
"has",
"influenced",
"its",
"social",
"organization",
"and",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"from",
"social",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"organization",
"of",
"human",
"social",
"and",
"cultural",
"relations",
",",
"institutions",
",",
"social",
"conflicts",
",",
"etc",
".",
"Early",
"anthropology",
"originated",
"in",
"Classical",
"Greece",
"and",
"Persia",
"and",
"studied",
"and",
"tried",
"to",
"understand",
"observable",
"cultural",
"diversity",
".",
"As",
"such",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"central",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"several",
"new",
"(",
"late",
"20th",
"century",
")",
"interdisciplinary",
"fields",
"such",
"as",
"cognitive",
"science",
",",
"global",
"studies",
",",
"and",
"various",
"ethnic",
"studies",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
18,
25,
36,
42,
52,
54,
60,
62,
66,
74,
83,
87,
94,
97,
106,
110,
117,
119,
132,
139,
144,
154,
159,
167,
175,
177,
187,
191,
203,
209,
213,
220,
224,
234,
237,
242,
249,
251,
257,
266,
272,
274,
280,
288,
290,
294,
305,
311,
321,
328,
331,
337,
339,
343,
347,
360,
365,
368,
373,
381,
385,
396,
400,
407,
420,
424,
431,
433,
437,
442,
449,
457,
459,
469,
473,
486,
489,
495,
502,
506,
515,
524,
526,
538,
540,
547,
556,
558,
561,
563,
569,
582,
593,
596,
606,
613,
617,
624,
628,
636,
640,
646,
649,
660,
671,
680,
689,
691,
694,
698,
700,
713,
717,
722,
730,
733,
737,
749,
752,
760,
764,
765,
770,
775,
782,
784,
802,
809,
814,
817,
827,
834,
836,
843,
850,
852,
856,
864,
871,
878
]
} | 6c5447dcbaa14c5c8180445b27497be9 | What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"fields",
"are",
"forced",
"to",
"confront",
"one",
"another",
"in",
"anthropology",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
16,
23,
26,
35,
39,
47,
50,
62
]
} | {
"text": [
"humanities, social, and natural sciences"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
42
],
"end": [
81
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
6
],
"end": [
12
]
}
]
} | [
"humanities, social, and natural sciences"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"a",
"global",
"discipline",
"where",
"humanities",
",",
"social",
",",
"and",
"natural",
"sciences",
"are",
"forced",
"to",
"confront",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Anthropology",
"builds",
"upon",
"knowledge",
"from",
"natural",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"discoveries",
"about",
"the",
"origin",
"and",
"evolution",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
",",
"human",
"physical",
"traits",
",",
"human",
"behavior",
",",
"the",
"variations",
"among",
"different",
"groups",
"of",
"humans",
",",
"how",
"the",
"evolutionary",
"past",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
"has",
"influenced",
"its",
"social",
"organization",
"and",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"from",
"social",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"organization",
"of",
"human",
"social",
"and",
"cultural",
"relations",
",",
"institutions",
",",
"social",
"conflicts",
",",
"etc",
".",
"Early",
"anthropology",
"originated",
"in",
"Classical",
"Greece",
"and",
"Persia",
"and",
"studied",
"and",
"tried",
"to",
"understand",
"observable",
"cultural",
"diversity",
".",
"As",
"such",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"central",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"several",
"new",
"(",
"late",
"20th",
"century",
")",
"interdisciplinary",
"fields",
"such",
"as",
"cognitive",
"science",
",",
"global",
"studies",
",",
"and",
"various",
"ethnic",
"studies",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
18,
25,
36,
42,
52,
54,
60,
62,
66,
74,
83,
87,
94,
97,
106,
110,
117,
119,
132,
139,
144,
154,
159,
167,
175,
177,
187,
191,
203,
209,
213,
220,
224,
234,
237,
242,
249,
251,
257,
266,
272,
274,
280,
288,
290,
294,
305,
311,
321,
328,
331,
337,
339,
343,
347,
360,
365,
368,
373,
381,
385,
396,
400,
407,
420,
424,
431,
433,
437,
442,
449,
457,
459,
469,
473,
486,
489,
495,
502,
506,
515,
524,
526,
538,
540,
547,
556,
558,
561,
563,
569,
582,
593,
596,
606,
613,
617,
624,
628,
636,
640,
646,
649,
660,
671,
680,
689,
691,
694,
698,
700,
713,
717,
722,
730,
733,
737,
749,
752,
760,
764,
765,
770,
775,
782,
784,
802,
809,
814,
817,
827,
834,
836,
843,
850,
852,
856,
864,
871,
878
]
} | 3d5a58f2125b4ec394366388a49d205b | What builds upon natural and social sciences? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"builds",
"upon",
"natural",
"and",
"social",
"sciences",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
12,
17,
25,
29,
36,
44
]
} | {
"text": [
"Anthropology"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
119
],
"end": [
130
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
20
],
"end": [
20
]
}
]
} | [
"Anthropology"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"a",
"global",
"discipline",
"where",
"humanities",
",",
"social",
",",
"and",
"natural",
"sciences",
"are",
"forced",
"to",
"confront",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Anthropology",
"builds",
"upon",
"knowledge",
"from",
"natural",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"discoveries",
"about",
"the",
"origin",
"and",
"evolution",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
",",
"human",
"physical",
"traits",
",",
"human",
"behavior",
",",
"the",
"variations",
"among",
"different",
"groups",
"of",
"humans",
",",
"how",
"the",
"evolutionary",
"past",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
"has",
"influenced",
"its",
"social",
"organization",
"and",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"from",
"social",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"organization",
"of",
"human",
"social",
"and",
"cultural",
"relations",
",",
"institutions",
",",
"social",
"conflicts",
",",
"etc",
".",
"Early",
"anthropology",
"originated",
"in",
"Classical",
"Greece",
"and",
"Persia",
"and",
"studied",
"and",
"tried",
"to",
"understand",
"observable",
"cultural",
"diversity",
".",
"As",
"such",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"central",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"several",
"new",
"(",
"late",
"20th",
"century",
")",
"interdisciplinary",
"fields",
"such",
"as",
"cognitive",
"science",
",",
"global",
"studies",
",",
"and",
"various",
"ethnic",
"studies",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
18,
25,
36,
42,
52,
54,
60,
62,
66,
74,
83,
87,
94,
97,
106,
110,
117,
119,
132,
139,
144,
154,
159,
167,
175,
177,
187,
191,
203,
209,
213,
220,
224,
234,
237,
242,
249,
251,
257,
266,
272,
274,
280,
288,
290,
294,
305,
311,
321,
328,
331,
337,
339,
343,
347,
360,
365,
368,
373,
381,
385,
396,
400,
407,
420,
424,
431,
433,
437,
442,
449,
457,
459,
469,
473,
486,
489,
495,
502,
506,
515,
524,
526,
538,
540,
547,
556,
558,
561,
563,
569,
582,
593,
596,
606,
613,
617,
624,
628,
636,
640,
646,
649,
660,
671,
680,
689,
691,
694,
698,
700,
713,
717,
722,
730,
733,
737,
749,
752,
760,
764,
765,
770,
775,
782,
784,
802,
809,
814,
817,
827,
834,
836,
843,
850,
852,
856,
864,
871,
878
]
} | b41117aee2304dc699bda09671a696fa | What type of discipline is anthropology? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"type",
"of",
"discipline",
"is",
"anthropology",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
13,
24,
27,
39
]
} | {
"text": [
"global"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
18
],
"end": [
23
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
3
],
"end": [
3
]
}
]
} | [
"global"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"a",
"global",
"discipline",
"where",
"humanities",
",",
"social",
",",
"and",
"natural",
"sciences",
"are",
"forced",
"to",
"confront",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Anthropology",
"builds",
"upon",
"knowledge",
"from",
"natural",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"discoveries",
"about",
"the",
"origin",
"and",
"evolution",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
",",
"human",
"physical",
"traits",
",",
"human",
"behavior",
",",
"the",
"variations",
"among",
"different",
"groups",
"of",
"humans",
",",
"how",
"the",
"evolutionary",
"past",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
"has",
"influenced",
"its",
"social",
"organization",
"and",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"from",
"social",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"organization",
"of",
"human",
"social",
"and",
"cultural",
"relations",
",",
"institutions",
",",
"social",
"conflicts",
",",
"etc",
".",
"Early",
"anthropology",
"originated",
"in",
"Classical",
"Greece",
"and",
"Persia",
"and",
"studied",
"and",
"tried",
"to",
"understand",
"observable",
"cultural",
"diversity",
".",
"As",
"such",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"central",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"several",
"new",
"(",
"late",
"20th",
"century",
")",
"interdisciplinary",
"fields",
"such",
"as",
"cognitive",
"science",
",",
"global",
"studies",
",",
"and",
"various",
"ethnic",
"studies",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
18,
25,
36,
42,
52,
54,
60,
62,
66,
74,
83,
87,
94,
97,
106,
110,
117,
119,
132,
139,
144,
154,
159,
167,
175,
177,
187,
191,
203,
209,
213,
220,
224,
234,
237,
242,
249,
251,
257,
266,
272,
274,
280,
288,
290,
294,
305,
311,
321,
328,
331,
337,
339,
343,
347,
360,
365,
368,
373,
381,
385,
396,
400,
407,
420,
424,
431,
433,
437,
442,
449,
457,
459,
469,
473,
486,
489,
495,
502,
506,
515,
524,
526,
538,
540,
547,
556,
558,
561,
563,
569,
582,
593,
596,
606,
613,
617,
624,
628,
636,
640,
646,
649,
660,
671,
680,
689,
691,
694,
698,
700,
713,
717,
722,
730,
733,
737,
749,
752,
760,
764,
765,
770,
775,
782,
784,
802,
809,
814,
817,
827,
834,
836,
843,
850,
852,
856,
864,
871,
878
]
} | 9c5b654837424d05b6619730c61000db | Where did early anthropology originate? | {
"tokens": [
"Where",
"did",
"early",
"anthropology",
"originate",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
6,
10,
16,
29,
38
]
} | {
"text": [
"Greece and Persia"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
606
],
"end": [
622
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
97
],
"end": [
99
]
}
]
} | [
"Greece and Persia"
] |
SQuAD | Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies. | {
"tokens": [
"Anthropology",
"is",
"a",
"global",
"discipline",
"where",
"humanities",
",",
"social",
",",
"and",
"natural",
"sciences",
"are",
"forced",
"to",
"confront",
"one",
"another",
".",
"Anthropology",
"builds",
"upon",
"knowledge",
"from",
"natural",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"discoveries",
"about",
"the",
"origin",
"and",
"evolution",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
",",
"human",
"physical",
"traits",
",",
"human",
"behavior",
",",
"the",
"variations",
"among",
"different",
"groups",
"of",
"humans",
",",
"how",
"the",
"evolutionary",
"past",
"of",
"Homo",
"sapiens",
"has",
"influenced",
"its",
"social",
"organization",
"and",
"culture",
",",
"and",
"from",
"social",
"sciences",
",",
"including",
"the",
"organization",
"of",
"human",
"social",
"and",
"cultural",
"relations",
",",
"institutions",
",",
"social",
"conflicts",
",",
"etc",
".",
"Early",
"anthropology",
"originated",
"in",
"Classical",
"Greece",
"and",
"Persia",
"and",
"studied",
"and",
"tried",
"to",
"understand",
"observable",
"cultural",
"diversity",
".",
"As",
"such",
",",
"anthropology",
"has",
"been",
"central",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"several",
"new",
"(",
"late",
"20th",
"century",
")",
"interdisciplinary",
"fields",
"such",
"as",
"cognitive",
"science",
",",
"global",
"studies",
",",
"and",
"various",
"ethnic",
"studies",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
13,
16,
18,
25,
36,
42,
52,
54,
60,
62,
66,
74,
83,
87,
94,
97,
106,
110,
117,
119,
132,
139,
144,
154,
159,
167,
175,
177,
187,
191,
203,
209,
213,
220,
224,
234,
237,
242,
249,
251,
257,
266,
272,
274,
280,
288,
290,
294,
305,
311,
321,
328,
331,
337,
339,
343,
347,
360,
365,
368,
373,
381,
385,
396,
400,
407,
420,
424,
431,
433,
437,
442,
449,
457,
459,
469,
473,
486,
489,
495,
502,
506,
515,
524,
526,
538,
540,
547,
556,
558,
561,
563,
569,
582,
593,
596,
606,
613,
617,
624,
628,
636,
640,
646,
649,
660,
671,
680,
689,
691,
694,
698,
700,
713,
717,
722,
730,
733,
737,
749,
752,
760,
764,
765,
770,
775,
782,
784,
802,
809,
814,
817,
827,
834,
836,
843,
850,
852,
856,
864,
871,
878
]
} | d867850aa19a449cb53e9a24caa190cd | What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"interdisciplinary",
"fields",
"has",
"anthropology",
"been",
"central",
"in",
"the",
"development",
"of",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
23,
30,
34,
47,
52,
60,
63,
67,
79,
81
]
} | {
"text": [
"cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
817
],
"end": [
877
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
132
],
"end": [
141
]
}
]
} | [
"cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | 5412731e65564590a5534faa626c6af5 | What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
"that",
"have",
"also",
"ruled",
"over",
"this",
"land",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
14,
17,
21,
29,
33,
43,
48,
53,
58,
64,
69,
74,
78
]
} | {
"text": [
"Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
434
],
"end": [
560
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
73
],
"end": [
94
]
}
]
} | [
"Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | 45fc5df6ec304ebcb51a1cd116a8dbab | What other culutres has ruled the area? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"other",
"culutres",
"has",
"ruled",
"the",
"area",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
11,
20,
24,
30,
34,
38
]
} | {
"text": [
"Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
256
],
"end": [
358
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
44
],
"end": [
58
]
}
]
} | [
"Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | 37a64a9ba595476d97722b6ca0db606c | What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"was",
"the",
"territory",
"of",
"Tajikistan",
"during",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
13,
23,
26,
37,
44,
48,
58,
62,
66,
73,
76
]
} | {
"text": [
"city of Sarazm"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
109
],
"end": [
122
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
16
],
"end": [
18
]
}
]
} | [
"city of Sarazm"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | 44b95ec44db746df89a5277998f3062e | When did Tajikistan become an independent nation? | {
"tokens": [
"When",
"did",
"Tajikistan",
"become",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
20,
27,
30,
42,
48
]
} | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
654
],
"end": [
657
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
113
],
"end": [
113
]
}
]
} | [
"1991"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | 8928b098ff9347be93aa684f0e37a7ac | What years did the civil war take place? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"years",
"did",
"the",
"civil",
"war",
"take",
"place",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
11,
15,
19,
25,
29,
34,
39
]
} | {
"text": [
"1992 to 1997"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
735
],
"end": [
746
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
127
],
"end": [
129
]
}
]
} | [
"1992 to 1997"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | 3ad71945aee849679ee912dec2d31c98 | What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"were",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"different",
"kindoms",
"and",
"people",
"that",
"called",
"Tajikistan",
"home",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
15,
18,
22,
32,
40,
44,
51,
56,
63,
74,
78
]
} | {
"text": [
"Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
256
],
"end": [
358
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
44
],
"end": [
58
]
}
]
} | [
"Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | d8cc9ee92d634108a1e89475c8d14cf1 | What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"are",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
"that",
"ruled",
"this",
"lane",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
14,
17,
21,
29,
33,
43,
48,
54,
59,
63
]
} | {
"text": [
"the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
430
],
"end": [
560
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
72
],
"end": [
94
]
}
]
} | [
"the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | d63f08da374148758eea64704375d4de | What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"year",
"did",
"Tajikistan",
"become",
"an",
"independant",
"nation",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
10,
14,
25,
32,
35,
47,
53
]
} | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
654
],
"end": [
657
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
113
],
"end": [
113
]
}
]
} | [
"1991"
] |
SQuAD | The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. | {
"tokens": [
"The",
"territory",
"that",
"now",
"constitutes",
"Tajikistan",
"was",
"previously",
"home",
"to",
"several",
"ancient",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"city",
"of",
"Sarazm",
"of",
"the",
"Neolithic",
"and",
"the",
"Bronze",
"Age",
",",
"and",
"was",
"later",
"home",
"to",
"kingdoms",
"ruled",
"by",
"people",
"of",
"different",
"faiths",
"and",
"cultures",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Oxus",
"civilization",
",",
"Andronovo",
"culture",
",",
"Buddhism",
",",
"Nestorian",
"Christianity",
",",
"Zoroastrianism",
",",
"and",
"Manichaeism",
".",
"The",
"area",
"has",
"been",
"ruled",
"by",
"numerous",
"empires",
"and",
"dynasties",
",",
"including",
"the",
"Achaemenid",
"Empire",
",",
"Sassanian",
"Empire",
",",
"Hephthalite",
"Empire",
",",
"Samanid",
"Empire",
",",
"Mongol",
"Empire",
",",
"Timurid",
"dynasty",
",",
"and",
"the",
"Russian",
"Empire",
".",
"As",
"a",
"result",
"of",
"the",
"breakup",
"of",
"the",
"Soviet",
"Union",
",",
"Tajikistan",
"became",
"an",
"independent",
"nation",
"in",
"1991",
".",
"A",
"civil",
"war",
"was",
"fought",
"almost",
"immediately",
"after",
"independence",
",",
"lasting",
"from",
"1992",
"to",
"1997",
".",
"Since",
"the",
"end",
"of",
"the",
"war",
",",
"newly",
"established",
"political",
"stability",
"and",
"foreign",
"aid",
"have",
"allowed",
"the",
"country",
"'s",
"economy",
"to",
"grow",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
4,
14,
19,
23,
35,
46,
50,
61,
66,
69,
77,
85,
93,
95,
105,
109,
114,
117,
124,
127,
131,
141,
145,
149,
156,
159,
161,
165,
169,
175,
180,
183,
192,
198,
201,
208,
211,
221,
228,
232,
240,
242,
252,
256,
261,
273,
275,
285,
292,
294,
302,
304,
314,
326,
328,
342,
344,
348,
359,
361,
365,
370,
374,
379,
385,
388,
397,
405,
409,
418,
420,
430,
434,
445,
451,
453,
463,
469,
471,
483,
489,
491,
499,
505,
507,
514,
520,
522,
530,
537,
539,
543,
547,
555,
561,
563,
566,
568,
575,
578,
582,
590,
593,
597,
604,
609,
611,
622,
629,
632,
644,
651,
654,
658,
660,
662,
668,
672,
676,
683,
690,
702,
708,
720,
722,
730,
735,
740,
743,
747,
749,
755,
759,
763,
766,
770,
773,
775,
781,
793,
803,
813,
817,
825,
829,
834,
842,
846,
853,
856,
864,
867,
871
]
} | e210eba13cee4c3bae076e66c982b436 | What years did the war last through? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"years",
"did",
"the",
"war",
"last",
"through",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
11,
15,
19,
23,
28,
35
]
} | {
"text": [
"1992 to 1997"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
735
],
"end": [
746
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
127
],
"end": [
129
]
}
]
} | [
"1992 to 1997"
] |
SQuAD | Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways. | {
"tokens": [
"Archaeology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"past",
"through",
"its",
"material",
"remains",
".",
"Artifacts",
",",
"faunal",
"remains",
",",
"and",
"human",
"altered",
"landscapes",
"are",
"evidence",
"of",
"the",
"cultural",
"and",
"material",
"lives",
"of",
"past",
"societies",
".",
"Archaeologists",
"examine",
"these",
"material",
"remains",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"deduce",
"patterns",
"of",
"past",
"human",
"behavior",
"and",
"cultural",
"practices",
".",
"Ethnoarchaeology",
"is",
"a",
"type",
"of",
"archaeology",
"that",
"studies",
"the",
"practices",
"and",
"material",
"remains",
"of",
"living",
"human",
"groups",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"gain",
"a",
"better",
"understanding",
"of",
"the",
"evidence",
"left",
"behind",
"by",
"past",
"human",
"groups",
",",
"who",
"are",
"presumed",
"to",
"have",
"lived",
"in",
"similar",
"ways",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
12,
15,
19,
25,
28,
32,
38,
43,
51,
55,
64,
71,
73,
82,
84,
91,
98,
100,
104,
110,
118,
129,
133,
142,
145,
149,
158,
162,
171,
177,
180,
185,
194,
196,
211,
219,
225,
234,
242,
245,
251,
254,
261,
270,
273,
278,
284,
293,
297,
306,
315,
317,
334,
337,
339,
344,
347,
359,
364,
372,
376,
386,
390,
399,
407,
410,
417,
423,
430,
433,
439,
442,
447,
449,
456,
470,
473,
477,
486,
491,
498,
501,
506,
512,
518,
520,
524,
528,
537,
540,
545,
551,
554,
562,
566
]
} | 4b87029805984635a53f898db4596dfb | What field studies human's past through material remains? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"field",
"studies",
"human",
"'s",
"past",
"through",
"material",
"remains",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
11,
19,
24,
27,
32,
40,
49,
56
]
} | {
"text": [
"Archaeology"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
0,
347
],
"end": [
10,
357
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
0,
57
],
"end": [
0,
57
]
}
]
} | [
"Archaeology"
] |
SQuAD | Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways. | {
"tokens": [
"Archaeology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"past",
"through",
"its",
"material",
"remains",
".",
"Artifacts",
",",
"faunal",
"remains",
",",
"and",
"human",
"altered",
"landscapes",
"are",
"evidence",
"of",
"the",
"cultural",
"and",
"material",
"lives",
"of",
"past",
"societies",
".",
"Archaeologists",
"examine",
"these",
"material",
"remains",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"deduce",
"patterns",
"of",
"past",
"human",
"behavior",
"and",
"cultural",
"practices",
".",
"Ethnoarchaeology",
"is",
"a",
"type",
"of",
"archaeology",
"that",
"studies",
"the",
"practices",
"and",
"material",
"remains",
"of",
"living",
"human",
"groups",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"gain",
"a",
"better",
"understanding",
"of",
"the",
"evidence",
"left",
"behind",
"by",
"past",
"human",
"groups",
",",
"who",
"are",
"presumed",
"to",
"have",
"lived",
"in",
"similar",
"ways",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
12,
15,
19,
25,
28,
32,
38,
43,
51,
55,
64,
71,
73,
82,
84,
91,
98,
100,
104,
110,
118,
129,
133,
142,
145,
149,
158,
162,
171,
177,
180,
185,
194,
196,
211,
219,
225,
234,
242,
245,
251,
254,
261,
270,
273,
278,
284,
293,
297,
306,
315,
317,
334,
337,
339,
344,
347,
359,
364,
372,
376,
386,
390,
399,
407,
410,
417,
423,
430,
433,
439,
442,
447,
449,
456,
470,
473,
477,
486,
491,
498,
501,
506,
512,
518,
520,
524,
528,
537,
540,
545,
551,
554,
562,
566
]
} | 9997d95fd3674a5caee9c83d1686337a | What can archaeologists deduce from material remains? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"can",
"archaeologists",
"deduce",
"from",
"material",
"remains",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
9,
24,
31,
36,
45,
52
]
} | {
"text": [
"human behavior and cultural practices"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
278
],
"end": [
314
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
46
],
"end": [
50
]
}
]
} | [
"human behavior and cultural practices"
] |
SQuAD | Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways. | {
"tokens": [
"Archaeology",
"is",
"the",
"study",
"of",
"the",
"human",
"past",
"through",
"its",
"material",
"remains",
".",
"Artifacts",
",",
"faunal",
"remains",
",",
"and",
"human",
"altered",
"landscapes",
"are",
"evidence",
"of",
"the",
"cultural",
"and",
"material",
"lives",
"of",
"past",
"societies",
".",
"Archaeologists",
"examine",
"these",
"material",
"remains",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"deduce",
"patterns",
"of",
"past",
"human",
"behavior",
"and",
"cultural",
"practices",
".",
"Ethnoarchaeology",
"is",
"a",
"type",
"of",
"archaeology",
"that",
"studies",
"the",
"practices",
"and",
"material",
"remains",
"of",
"living",
"human",
"groups",
"in",
"order",
"to",
"gain",
"a",
"better",
"understanding",
"of",
"the",
"evidence",
"left",
"behind",
"by",
"past",
"human",
"groups",
",",
"who",
"are",
"presumed",
"to",
"have",
"lived",
"in",
"similar",
"ways",
"."
],
"offsets": [
0,
12,
15,
19,
25,
28,
32,
38,
43,
51,
55,
64,
71,
73,
82,
84,
91,
98,
100,
104,
110,
118,
129,
133,
142,
145,
149,
158,
162,
171,
177,
180,
185,
194,
196,
211,
219,
225,
234,
242,
245,
251,
254,
261,
270,
273,
278,
284,
293,
297,
306,
315,
317,
334,
337,
339,
344,
347,
359,
364,
372,
376,
386,
390,
399,
407,
410,
417,
423,
430,
433,
439,
442,
447,
449,
456,
470,
473,
477,
486,
491,
498,
501,
506,
512,
518,
520,
524,
528,
537,
540,
545,
551,
554,
562,
566
]
} | 9abc197919ef4fc28235d685f2f8679f | What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups? | {
"tokens": [
"What",
"do",
"Ethnoarchaeologists",
"gain",
"a",
"better",
"understanding",
"of",
"by",
"studying",
"living",
"human",
"groups",
"?"
],
"offsets": [
0,
5,
8,
28,
33,
35,
42,
56,
59,
62,
71,
78,
84,
90
]
} | {
"text": [
"past human groups"
],
"char_spans": [
{
"start": [
501
],
"end": [
517
]
}
],
"token_spans": [
{
"start": [
82
],
"end": [
84
]
}
]
} | [
"past human groups"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.