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SQuAD
According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.
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e5ddb503bcdd448384bf7b34a0708d77
What is the average amount lived on per day?
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{ "text": [ "US$1.25 per day" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "US$1.25 per day" ]
SQuAD
According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.
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fc91e54c6c4a491db8b9f655f15a025b
What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans?
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{ "text": [ "estimated $2.1 billion US dollars" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 272 ], "end": [ 304 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "estimated $2.1 billion US dollars" ]
SQuAD
According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.
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e7280bc4be9b4fcb92d399ecbf9ef5f8
How did Tajikistan change their economy?
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{ "text": [ "by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 510 ], "end": [ 616 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ] }
[ "by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor" ]
SQuAD
According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.
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57444a31184f462aa9c01b97ef03d7cc
What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth?
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{ "text": [ "remittances" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 677 ], "end": [ 687 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 118 ] } ] }
[ "remittances" ]
SQuAD
As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries.
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24bfba93d45e44af9256b98ad7662faf
What are the majority of transportation options?
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{ "text": [ "via roads, air, and rail." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "via roads, air, and rail." ]
SQuAD
As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries.
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8efbe74141ff4d70984c18f55dec797a
What countries had Tajikistan been working with to use ports?
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{ "text": [ "Iran and Pakistan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 167 ], "end": [ 183 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Iran and Pakistan" ]
SQuAD
As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries.
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ec62fe9860844419a3707ebcf774f363
What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way?
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{ "text": [ "Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 316 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan" ]
SQuAD
As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to improve and build a 1,300 km (810 mi) highway and rail system connecting the three countries to Pakistan's ports. The proposed route would go through the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the eastern part of the country. And in 2012, the presidents of Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Iran signed an agreement to construct roads and railways as well as oil, gas, and water pipelines to connect the three countries.
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57869148e98d4d4ca85e87970caf7212
What year was the agreement signed?
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{ "text": [ "2012" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 555 ], "end": [ 558 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 103 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ] }
[ "2012" ]
SQuAD
Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.
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7feaf3e67db949308b86a69fdc8bf94b
What is raised locally for the domestic market?
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{ "text": [ "opium poppy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 212 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "opium poppy" ]
SQuAD
Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.
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b7919af662764299b9c4293667f90fa8
What all has helped with the fight against drugs?
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{ "text": [ "with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 271 ], "end": [ 413 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ] }
[ "with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities" ]
SQuAD
Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.
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2186a3dea0244dfca9713a3d3f4c741b
Tajikistan is thrid in the world for what type of confiscations?
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{ "text": [ "heroin and raw opium confiscations" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 546 ], "end": [ 579 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 97 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ] }
[ "heroin and raw opium confiscations" ]
SQuAD
Drug trafficking is the major illegal source of income in Tajikistan as it is an important transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; some opium poppy is also raised locally for the domestic market. However, with the increasing assistance from international organizations, such as UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities a level of progress on the fight against illegal drug-trafficking is being achieved. Tajikistan holds third place in the world for heroin and raw opium confiscations (1216.3 kg of heroin and 267.8 kg of raw opium in the first half of 2006). Drug money corrupts the country's government; according to some experts the well-known personalities that fought on both sides of the civil war and have held the positions in the government after the armistice was signed are now involved in the drug trade. UNODC is working with Tajikistan to strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency.
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d06a9adb5f2c4e7a9c7725aa2711c994
What is UNODC helping Tajikistan with to help the war on drugs?
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{ "text": [ "strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 949 ], "end": [ 1091 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 174 ], "end": [ 196 ] } ] }
[ "strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction teams. It also helped to establish Tajikistani Drug Control Agency" ]
SQuAD
In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.
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779d9b7c085e4b2281668c169c888dea
How many airports does Tajikistan have?
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{ "text": [ "26 airports" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "26 airports" ]
SQuAD
In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.
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0243fa324ae5407e8974e485b5dbf40d
What is the country's main airport?
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{ "text": [ "Dushanbe International Airport" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 148 ], "end": [ 177 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Dushanbe International Airport" ]
SQuAD
In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.
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113050aa13e541188a5c3409aa9e2604
Where are the international flights maining going to?
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{ "text": [ "Russia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 254 ], "end": [ 259 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "Russia" ]
SQuAD
In 2009 Tajikistan had 26 airports, 18 of which had paved runways, of which two had runways longer than 3,000 meters. The country's main airport is Dushanbe International Airport which as of April 2015, had regularly scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, Central Asia, as well as Delhi, Dubai, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, and Ürümqi amongst others. There are also international flights, mainly to Russia, from Khujand Airport in the northern part of the country as well as limited international services from Kulob Airport, and Qurghonteppa International Airport. Khorog Airport is a domestic airport and also the only airport in the sparsely populated eastern half of the country.
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9ea8451e1c8241ebb1fd6886476d81ba
What is the name of the airport in the eastern half of the country?
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{ "text": [ "Khorog Airport" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 579 ], "end": [ 592 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ] }
[ "Khorog Airport" ]
SQuAD
Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.
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8f5d670923bb46a48ed5e86328c56ffa
What type of religions concerns are there?
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{ "text": [ "minority religious groups undermine national unity" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 137 ], "end": [ 186 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "minority religious groups undermine national unity" ]
SQuAD
Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.
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87199303c2b2461da48294812e2a1c49
What concerns for the religions institutions are there?
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[ "a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere" ]
SQuAD
Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.
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f5fd3c7bb1524329a318c6f3db48d619
What is the name of the militant Islamic party in Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "Hizb ut-Tahrir" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 501 ], "end": [ 514 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "Hizb ut-Tahrir" ]
SQuAD
Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major combatant in the 1992–1997 Civil War and then-proponent of the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, constitutes no more than 30% of the government by statute. Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, a militant Islamic party which today aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. Numbers of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers are limited and some[who?] feel this is discriminatory.
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9e10290c89044558af2d852fea286263
What does the Hizb ut-Tahrir aim for?
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[ "aims for an overthrow of secular governments and the unification of Tajiks under one Islamic state" ]
SQuAD
Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.
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632f59ad6a8f41f8bcbbe8ee97e802f8
What can refer to the study of patterns in human cultures?
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[ "Kinship" ]
SQuAD
Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.
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d6148713930a40a78ee7aef8dbcd9d43
What has developed a number of related concepts and terms?
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{ "text": [ "anthropology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 193 ], "end": [ 204 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "anthropology" ]
SQuAD
Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.
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90ebd4ac6b554a97a7ddfe6e75ed066a
When has anthropology developed related terms?
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{ "text": [ "Over its history" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 175 ], "end": [ 190 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Over its history" ]
SQuAD
Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.
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9dd6636db3ba4f9cb8bf885fb6a05e91
What does it mean if people are related by descent?
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{ "text": [ "one's social relations during development" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 447 ], "end": [ 487 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ] }
[ "one's social relations during development" ]
SQuAD
Kinship can refer both to the study of the patterns of social relationships in one or more human cultures, or it can refer to the patterns of social relationships themselves. Over its history, anthropology has developed a number of related concepts and terms, such as "descent", "descent groups", "lineages", "affines", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship". Broadly, kinship patterns may be considered to include people related both by descent (one's social relations during development), and also relatives by marriage.
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a02094f6b6f9473786522b31c0b54c67
Kinship patterns can included people who are relatives by what cultural ritual involving the exchange of rings and sometimes dowry?
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{ "text": [ "marriage" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 513 ], "end": [ 520 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 104 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ] }
[ "marriage" ]
SQuAD
The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.
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0d6265d814af42ba9bcdc0429d7b8060
What people live in the southeast area of the country?
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{ "text": [ "The Pamiri people" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "The Pamiri people" ]
SQuAD
The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.
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97b8691380be4368bce4cd9b2986504c
How are they different than most Tajiks?
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{ "text": [ "distinct linguistically and culturally" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 173 ], "end": [ 210 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "distinct linguistically and culturally" ]
SQuAD
The Pamiri people of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province in the southeast, bordering Afghanistan and China, though considered part of the Tajik ethnicity, nevertheless are distinct linguistically and culturally from most Tajiks. In contrast to the mostly Sunni Muslim residents of the rest of Tajikistan, the Pamiris overwhelmingly follow the Ismaili sect of Islam, and speak a number of Eastern Iranian languages, including Shughni, Rushani, Khufi and Wakhi. Isolated in the highest parts of the Pamir Mountains, they have preserved many ancient cultural traditions and folk arts that have been largely lost elsewhere in the country.
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1a3909b33b284a718924134e09c53d2f
What mountians do the Pamiri people call home?
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{ "text": [ "Pamir Mountains" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 498 ], "end": [ 512 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "Pamir Mountains" ]
SQuAD
By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.
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6153fc4f73d54afc94322b18c7a6f6e4
What do religions communities have to register with?
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{ "text": [ "State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities" ]
SQuAD
By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.
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0350350f6cbf49279b443930a796e8c0
What does the SCRA require?
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{ "text": [ "a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 159 ], "end": [ 261 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location" ]
SQuAD
By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.
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7a9bfff2bd13403dbfca13ebf7011aa8
What do you have to have to gather for public prayer?
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{ "text": [ "a physical structure" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 297 ], "end": [ 316 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "a physical structure" ]
SQuAD
By law, religious communities must register by the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities. Registration with the SCRA requires a charter, a list of 10 or more members, and evidence of local government approval prayer site location. Religious groups who do not have a physical structure are not allowed to gather publicly for prayer. Failure to register can result in large fines and closure of place of worship. There are reports that registration on the local level is sometimes difficult to obtain. People under the age of 18 are also barred from public religious practice.
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55eb5965aa1b4fc89ed21c865801c7de
What can happen if you do not register?
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{ "text": [ "can result in large fines and closure of place of worship" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 385 ], "end": [ 441 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "can result in large fines and closure of place of worship" ]
SQuAD
Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.
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895f9b72196f4ab8a29c2f3372552198
What is wrong with the health care system in Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ ", the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 178 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ ", the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies" ]
SQuAD
Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.
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c6ed68c5d0074a05b0d515f8bedd918b
How many disabled people are registered in Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "104,272" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 244 ], "end": [ 250 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "104,272" ]
SQuAD
Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.
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What percent of the GDP was spent on health?
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{ "text": [ "1%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 576 ], "end": [ 577 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 96 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ] }
[ "1%" ]
SQuAD
Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of people suffers most from poverty in Tajikistan. The government of Tajikistan and the World Bank considered activities to support this part of the population described in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Public expenditure on health was at 1% of the GDP in 2004.
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What was the name of the paper that the World Bank and Tajikistan came up with?
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{ "text": [ "World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 493 ], "end": [ 537 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.
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What is anthropology a study of?
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{ "text": [ "humans and their societies" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "humans and their societies" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.
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3d01e4b42e9d47f09b41b891b953d8af
What type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world?
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{ "text": [ "social" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 112 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "social" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.
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a65611b212034c7f82987d18012ccdb8
What investigates the influence of language in social life?
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{ "text": [ "linguistic anthropology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 236 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "linguistic anthropology" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.
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02231597d94f49a5b1d61295de3c73e2
What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism?
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{ "text": [ "physical" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 318 ], "end": [ 325 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "physical" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history.
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14ec290bf1cb4848a04f3f66fc1aab54
Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology?
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{ "text": [ "United States" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 541 ], "end": [ 553 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "United States" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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444833f1391f4d92b3fb1235d3cf43f7
Where is Tajikistan located?
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{ "text": [ "in Central Asia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 355 ], "end": [ 369 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "in Central Asia" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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44e35e3df01d4b999a4354bf7a49ef1f
How many people are living in Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "8 million people" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 389 ], "end": [ 404 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "8 million people" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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7a445b9356f64eda9bb8c87aee0d86ae
What is the area of Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 422 ], "end": [ 455 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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71a67ab427474a53afd0e3d1e7dbbbbf
What country lies to Tajikistans east?
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{ "text": [ "China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 555 ], "end": [ 559 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "China" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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f1a427f971b14b6bbb03f7e554437de1
What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan?
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{ "text": [ "Wakhan Corridor" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 626 ], "end": [ 640 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 115 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ] }
[ "Wakhan Corridor" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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a2cd3d7159ed4229b04baa6849062831
What country borders Tajikistan to the east?
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{ "text": [ "China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 555 ], "end": [ 559 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "China" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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03c04ec229e64e7495f7b78383231b37
How many people are estimated to live in Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "8 million" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 389 ], "end": [ 397 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "8 million" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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b712dbee4a5b4df88bd2a38765687470
What is the area of Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "143,100 km2" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 430 ], "end": [ 440 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "143,100 km2" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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9cd560766535437ca1c91bc862a3faa6
What country borders Tajikistan to the south?
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{ "text": [ "Afghanistan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 476 ], "end": [ 486 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ] }
[ "Afghanistan" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkᵻstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkᵻstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Persian: تاجيكستان‎‎ Тоҷикистон [tɔd͡ʒikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Persian: جمهورى تاجيكستان‎‎ Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Çumhuriji Toçikiston/Jumhuriyi Tojikiston; Russian: Респу́блика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi). It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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a75345b140d64dc096887199dd463757
What country borders Tajikistan to the west?
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[ "Uzbekistan" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum.
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5b3dbd2dabde48efb660058446b848c4
Who is trying to attract investments for hydropower in Tajikistan?
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{ "text": [ "the government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "the government" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum.
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b51c11364d424a66b80b5ca4a133c851
What is something that the rivers in Tajikistan are good for?
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{ "text": [ "hydropower potential" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "hydropower potential" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum.
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4e8911c992344b84b798439cdc310da6
What is the highest dam in the world?
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{ "text": [ "Nurek Dam" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 224 ], "end": [ 232 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Nurek Dam" ]
SQuAD
Tajikistan's rivers, such as the Vakhsh and the Panj, have great hydropower potential, and the government has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports. Tajikistan is home to the Nurek Dam, the highest dam in the world. Lately, Russia's RAO UES energy giant has been working on the Sangtuda-1 hydroelectric power station (670 MW capacity) commenced operations on 18 January 2008. Other projects at the development stage include Sangtuda-2 by Iran, Zerafshan by the Chinese company SinoHydro, and the Rogun power plant that, at a projected height of 335 metres (1,099 ft), would supersede the Nurek Dam as highest in the world if it is brought to completion. A planned project, CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan. The total length of transmission line is 750 km while the project is planned to be on Public-Private Partnership basis with the support of WB, IFC, ADB and IDB. The project cost is estimated to be around US$865 million. Other energy resources include sizable coal deposits and smaller reserves of natural gas and petroleum.
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b023f10b13c34b07937bc7771985fc21
What will the project named CASA 1000 do?
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{ "text": [ "CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 722 ], "end": [ 843 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 136 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ] }
[ "CASA 1000, will transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan with power transit through Afghanistan" ]
SQuAD
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.
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2e4cb0566dfc40a18a5a8b686ce32f0e
Vienna created it's society in what year?
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[ "1870" ]
SQuAD
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.
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90d57f7a462a4938986fe1c6bb97a887
When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?
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{ "text": [ "1869" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 384 ], "end": [ 387 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ] }
[ "1869" ]
SQuAD
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.
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52500cb7f523405fa8d2e23542b0a709
When was the American Anthropological Association founded?
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{ "text": [ "1902" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "1902" ]
SQuAD
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.
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e34acb24d98441cbb52f5c5556ffe314
When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?
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{ "text": [ "1865" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 140 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "1865" ]
SQuAD
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.
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b1fcd32ec2904d738c0894507e202d6f
What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked?
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{ "text": [ "empirical foundation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 543 ], "end": [ 562 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ] }
[ "empirical foundation" ]
SQuAD
Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.
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864e943f6c6d44058530b5223b496b57
What type of anthology deals with patterns of shared knowledge?
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[ "Cognitive" ]
SQuAD
Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.
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4ba2cbb9f06048f684e8e0fd6a4f67f5
What methods and theories do cognitive anthropologists use to explain cultural innovation?
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{ "text": [ "cognitive sciences" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 166 ], "end": [ 183 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "cognitive sciences" ]
SQuAD
Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.
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00f9ab6c819145129b5afd4fcbdcd25e
What are two examples of methods and theories of cognitive science?
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{ "text": [ "experimental psychology and evolutionary biology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 197 ], "end": [ 244 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "experimental psychology and evolutionary biology" ]
SQuAD
Cognitive anthropology seeks to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms. Cognitive anthropology is concerned with what people from different groups know and how that implicit knowledge changes the way people perceive and relate to the world around them.
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0aae40d5fa254f96b77292d7b72923eb
Cognitive anthropologists want to know how the way people perceive and related to the world around them is linked to what?
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{ "text": [ "implicit knowledge" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 534 ], "end": [ 551 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "implicit knowledge" ]
SQuAD
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.
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8a0307be462e437eabd9d2c2b16e5c38
What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?
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{ "text": [ "structuralist and postmodern theories" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "structuralist and postmodern theories" ]
SQuAD
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.
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8ff004f6ea174686b76fc44637427e38
When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?
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{ "text": [ "During the 1970s and 1990s" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 157 ], "end": [ 182 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "During the 1970s and 1990s" ]
SQuAD
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.
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a7c7899d811749878a6dddc5884cb7cc
What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?
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{ "text": [ "nature and production of knowledge" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 359 ], "end": [ 392 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ] }
[ "nature and production of knowledge" ]
SQuAD
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.
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3896eca5a7e741519a6a3dbb7f8075fd
What two fields remained largely positivist?
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[ "archaeology and biological anthropology" ]
SQuAD
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.
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b2e4ce50898c495d8670e9a5783eba5a
What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?
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{ "text": [ "cohesion" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 632 ], "end": [ 639 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "cohesion" ]
SQuAD
Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.
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014462e4c2ac4752a751d18f39760790
The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season?
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{ "text": [ "winter" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 321 ], "end": [ 326 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "winter" ]
SQuAD
Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.
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e0006b207e1a4713b23268f76646b252
What is something that is used to control solar heating and cooling?
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{ "text": [ "trees and plants" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "trees and plants" ]
SQuAD
Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.
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4418655e7cde4719ac698b1519736d1b
How much solar radiation is blocked by leafless trees?
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{ "text": [ "1/3 to 1/2" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 362 ], "end": [ 371 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ] }
[ "1/3 to 1/2" ]
SQuAD
Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.
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fd130b2f31c5407e94e23896c87be1d3
Why should trees not be planted on the side of a building facing the equator?
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{ "text": [ "they will interfere with winter solar availability" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 637 ], "end": [ 686 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 119 ] } ] }
[ "they will interfere with winter solar availability" ]
SQuAD
Deciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow light to pass during the winter. Since bare, leafless trees shade 1/3 to 1/2 of incident solar radiation, there is a balance between the benefits of summer shading and the corresponding loss of winter heating. In climates with significant heating loads, deciduous trees should not be planted on the Equator facing side of a building because they will interfere with winter solar availability. They can, however, be used on the east and west sides to provide a degree of summer shading without appreciably affecting winter solar gain.
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593cda422af847cebd81d9fa49ab9a28
What side of a building should trees be planted without greatly affecting solar gain in the winter?
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{ "text": [ "east and west" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 723 ], "end": [ 735 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 130 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ] }
[ "east and west" ]
SQuAD
Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.
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87b3534e71cb464ebe6e06096e172756
How many years of school are there in the Tajikistan school system?
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{ "text": [ "11 years of primary and secondary education" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "11 years of primary and secondary education" ]
SQuAD
Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.
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1c5c41295c9a4218b5852458ff2b7bf3
What do they want to impliment in 2016?
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{ "text": [ "a 12-year system" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 129 ], "end": [ 144 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "a 12-year system" ]
SQuAD
Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.
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bdf7a4ae53064829b0988dd4ca5dc882
What is the name of one of the tertiary education institutions?
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{ "text": [ "Khujand State University" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 235 ], "end": [ 258 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Khujand State University" ]
SQuAD
Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.
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9f197599b4964b0186bd0c66ed1930c6
What is the percent of tertiary education enrollment?
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{ "text": [ "17%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 615 ], "end": [ 617 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ] }
[ "17%" ]
SQuAD
The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).
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83ef036d2d004d02be91abe10752e6c0
Why type of anthropology is the study of social organization a central focus of?
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{ "text": [ "Sociocultural" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Sociocultural" ]
SQuAD
The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).
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ac723827b9524a178b9de48825b5dc93
What patterns does sociocultural anthropology get up in the morning to learn about?
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[ "consumption and exchange" ]
SQuAD
The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).
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71c2f9be3d924fb2a3010aafe3a8aec6
What is a human universal?
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[ "kinship" ]
SQuAD
The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).
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9cdff74233b04b5badb8219b85e69ef2
What is the object of study for linguistic anthropology?
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[ "language" ]
SQuAD
The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal. Sociocultural anthropology also covers economic and political organization, law and conflict resolution, patterns of consumption and exchange, material culture, technology, infrastructure, gender relations, ethnicity, childrearing and socialization, religion, myth, symbols, values, etiquette, worldview, sports, music, nutrition, recreation, games, food, festivals, and language (which is also the object of study in linguistic anthropology).
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ad5453fcb185403a8342329bb091886c
Why type of conflict is sociocultural anthropology interested in?
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[ "resolution" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.
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6c5447dcbaa14c5c8180445b27497be9
What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology?
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[ "humanities, social, and natural sciences" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.
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3d5a58f2125b4ec394366388a49d205b
What builds upon natural and social sciences?
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[ "Anthropology" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.
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b41117aee2304dc699bda09671a696fa
What type of discipline is anthropology?
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[ "global" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.
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9c5b654837424d05b6619730c61000db
Where did early anthropology originate?
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[ "Greece and Persia" ]
SQuAD
Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.
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d867850aa19a449cb53e9a24caa190cd
What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?
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[ "cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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5412731e65564590a5534faa626c6af5
What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?
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{ "text": [ "Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 434 ], "end": [ 560 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ] }
[ "Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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45fc5df6ec304ebcb51a1cd116a8dbab
What other culutres has ruled the area?
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{ "text": [ "Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 256 ], "end": [ 358 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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37a64a9ba595476d97722b6ca0db606c
What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age?
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{ "text": [ "city of Sarazm" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 109 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "city of Sarazm" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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44b95ec44db746df89a5277998f3062e
When did Tajikistan become an independent nation?
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{ "text": [ "1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 654 ], "end": [ 657 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ] }
[ "1991" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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8928b098ff9347be93aa684f0e37a7ac
What years did the civil war take place?
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{ "text": [ "1992 to 1997" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 735 ], "end": [ 746 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 129 ] } ] }
[ "1992 to 1997" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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3ad71945aee849679ee912dec2d31c98
What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home?
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{ "text": [ "Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 256 ], "end": [ 358 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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d8cc9ee92d634108a1e89475c8d14cf1
What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?
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{ "text": [ "the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 430 ], "end": [ 560 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 94 ] } ] }
[ "the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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d63f08da374148758eea64704375d4de
What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation?
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{ "text": [ "1991" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 654 ], "end": [ 657 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ] }
[ "1991" ]
SQuAD
The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire. As a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan became an independent nation in 1991. A civil war was fought almost immediately after independence, lasting from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow.
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e210eba13cee4c3bae076e66c982b436
What years did the war last through?
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{ "text": [ "1992 to 1997" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 735 ], "end": [ 746 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 129 ] } ] }
[ "1992 to 1997" ]
SQuAD
Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.
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4b87029805984635a53f898db4596dfb
What field studies human's past through material remains?
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[ "Archaeology" ]
SQuAD
Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.
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9997d95fd3674a5caee9c83d1686337a
What can archaeologists deduce from material remains?
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{ "text": [ "human behavior and cultural practices" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 278 ], "end": [ 314 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "human behavior and cultural practices" ]
SQuAD
Archaeology is the study of the human past through its material remains. Artifacts, faunal remains, and human altered landscapes are evidence of the cultural and material lives of past societies. Archaeologists examine these material remains in order to deduce patterns of past human behavior and cultural practices. Ethnoarchaeology is a type of archaeology that studies the practices and material remains of living human groups in order to gain a better understanding of the evidence left behind by past human groups, who are presumed to have lived in similar ways.
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9abc197919ef4fc28235d685f2f8679f
What do Ethnoarchaeologists gain a better understanding of by studying living human groups?
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[ "past human groups" ]