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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sajin Ahmed Babu (সাজিন আহমেদ বাবু; born 28 July 1985) is a Bangladeshi television director and scriptwriter. The first play he wrote was 'Ahe Ghar Pare Bor'. He wrote and directed this play and also wrote three novels.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The first play directed by Sajin Ahmed Babu is Ahe Ghar Pare Bor. He started working with Shyamal Dutta as an assistant director in 2006. In 2009, he wrote and directed a play called 'Age Ghar Pari Bar'. After that, he made commercials with Abdullah Mohammad Saad as an assistant director.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "André Göransson and Ben McLachlan were the defending champions but only Göransson chose to defend his title, partnering Albano Olivetti.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Raymond A. Young (born March 14, 1945) is an American materials researcher, wood scientist and emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is an elected fellow (FIAWS) of the International Academy of Wood Science.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Young was born and grew up in Syracuse, New York. He graduated from the Central Technical High School in Syracuse in 1962, and earned a bachelor of science degree in the Pulp and Paper Science from the Syracuse University in 1966.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 1968 to 1969, he worked as a process supervisor in paper production at Kimberly-Clark Corporation in Appleton, Wisconsin. He later obtained a MSc degree in the surface properties of fibers from Syracuse University in 1972.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He pursued his doctorate studies, including a Fulbright scholarship in 1972 at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. He eventually obtained his PhD degree in Wood and Polymer Chemistry from the University of Washington at Seattle in 1973. He also held in years 1973-1975 a postdoctoral fellowship in fiber chemistry at the Textile Research Institute in Syracuse.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Between 1975 and 2004, Young served as a researcher and professor in the Department of Forestry at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin, focusing on wood chemistry and natural products chemistry. He has been a visiting professor and scholar at several research institutes and universities in Sweden, China, Japan, New Zealand, Mexico, Indonesia, Taiwan, Brazil, Turkey, and Greece. He served as a member in the editorial boards of the journals, Wood Science and Technology, and Wood and Fiber Science. Since 2004, he has held the title of emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His scientific work includes more than 180 research papers, eight books and nine international patents. Young's primary research work, which has received until December 2023 more than 6,700 international citations (h-index: 48), has been focused mostly on the plasma modification of natural and synthetic materials, bonding and adhesion in composite materials, new wood pulping methods, and the chemistry of natural products.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1997, Young was elected as a Fellow by the International Academy of Wood Science for his yearlong research contributions in the area of wood chemistry.", "title": "Recognition" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Young and Denes were among the first scientists who initiated research studies on plasma chemistry of cellulosic fibers during the ‘90s.", "title": "Recognition" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Throughout his career, Young has received several awards for his research work:", "title": "Recognition" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In October 2023, a referenced meta-research conducted by John Ioannidis and his team at Stanford University included R.A. Young in the Elsevier Data 2022, where he was ranked in the top 2% of researchers of all time in wood chemistry (polymers – forestry), having a c-index 3.170.", "title": "Recognition" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Young lives permanently in Sarasota, Florida with his wife Kathryn.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Young has published several scientific books:", "title": "Books" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of Saint Mary's Gaels football players in the NFL Draft.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Source:", "title": "Selections" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tremella exigua is a species of fungus in the family Tremellaceae. It produces small, dark, pustular, gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) and is parasitic on pyrenomycetous fungi (Diaporthe and Cucurbitaria species) on dead branches of trees and shrubs. It was originally described from France.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tremella exigua was first published in 1847 by French mycologist John Baptiste Desmazières based on a collection from France on a dead branch of ash {Fraxinus excelsior).", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries had earlier described Agyrium atrovirens, a species interpreted as synonymous with T. exigua, on the same host tree from Sweden. The name is not available in Tremella, however, since the combination Tremella atrovirens is an illegitimate homonym of the earlier, unrelated T. atrovirens Bull.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Tremella genistae, described from Belgium on broom (Cytisus scoparius), is considered a further synonym. The name Tremella virescens Schumach. has also been used for this species, but its interpretation is doubtful.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, suggests that Tremella exigua is not closely related to Tremella sensu stricto, but belongs in a separate (but as yet unnamed) genus in the family Bulleraceae.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Fruit bodies are gelatinous, olive-black, up to 8 mm across, pustular at first, sometimes becoming cerebriform (brain-like). Microscopically, the hyphae have clamp connections and the basidia are tremelloid (globose to clavate, with oblique septa), 4-celled, 18 to 36 by 8 to 15 μm. Basidiospores are globose to subglobose 7 to 10 by 6.5 to 10 μm in diameter.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Gelatinous fruit bodies of Tremella globispora and Tremella indecorata are of similar size and shape and have also been recorded as parasites of Diaporthe species, but are hyaline (colourless) or whitish to brown, without green or black tints. Species of Nostoc are greenish black and gelatinous, but are cyanobacteria (not fungi) and form growths that are typically more extensive and often terrestrial.", "title": "Similar species" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Tremella exigua is a parasite on lignicolous pyrenomycetes, including species of Diaporthe and Cucurbitaria. Though originally described from ash, the species is more commonly found on dead branches of gorse (Ulex europaeus), broom (Cytisus scoparius), and barberry (Berberis vulgaris).", "title": "Habitat and distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The species was originally described from France and has been widely recorded in Europe. Tremella exigua has also been reported from Canada and Ecuador.", "title": "Habitat and distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jumbo's was a restaurant in Miami's Liberty City neighborhood, in the U.S. state of Florida. The restaurant was named one of America's Classics by the James Beard Foundation in 2008.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Open Nouvelle-Calédonie was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 19th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nouméa, New Caledonia between 1 and 6 January 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:", "title": "Singles main-draw entrants" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:", "title": "Singles main-draw entrants" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Philips-Radio is a 1931 Dutch documentary short film directed by Joris Ivens. Commissioned by Philips, the film served as a promotional tool to showcase the latest production processes of Philips radios in the company's facilities in Eindhoven. The cinematography, led by Ivens, captured the rhythmic interaction between machinery and factory workers, portraying the manufacturing procedures. Ivens made the decision to engage a Paris-based studio to integrate sound techniques into the film, making it the first Dutch sound film ever produced.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film is on permanent display in the 20th-century section of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chef Vola's is an Italian restaurant in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The restaurant was named one of \"America's Classics\" by the James Beard Foundation in 2011.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Carr Gate is a village in West Yorkshire, England. The village stands to the north-west of Wakefield, and south-east of East Ardsley.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Raúl Brancaccio is the defending champion.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 4th (3rd East Prussian) Grenadier Regiment \"King Frederick the Great\" was an East Prussian infantry regiment of the Prussian Army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The 4th Grenadier Regiment was formed on 1 May 1626 and was part of the I Corps (1820–1849, 1851–1914), the II Corps (1850), the 2nd Division (1820–1849, 1856–1914) and the 4th Division (1850) as well as the 2nd Infantry Brigade [de] (1820–1849), the 4th Infantry Brigade (1850), the 1st Infantry Brigade (1851–1855), the 3rd Infantry Brigade (1856–1899, 1902–1914) and the 73rd Infantry Brigade (1899–1902).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "17th century", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "1626", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 1 May 1626, George William, Elector of Brandenburg, granted Oberst (colonel) Hildebrand von Kracht [de] the Kapitulation [de] of a regiment of foot consisting of 3,000 men in 15 companies.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On May 1, a muster took place for nine companies near Frankfurt (Oder), until June for the other companies (also in Brandenburg towns).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On October 13, the Elector issued patents for 14 new companies due to the Swedish threat to Prussia, 5 of which were to form the Leib Regiment together with 5 of Kracht's regiment, while 9 others joined the Kracht Regiment, which thus had 19 companies. The Leib regiment reached the strength of nine companies. However, the regiment's formation (like that of the Leib Regiment) was hampered when the Elector took most of the troops from the Margraviate of Brandenburg to Duchy of Prussia in December 1626, namely the regimental staff and 12 companies of the Kracht Regiment, among others.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 1627 Kracht returned to the Marches, and on 26 September (6 October) 1627 he was relieved of command of his regiment in Prussia.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "1629", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "On 16/26 September 1629, the Truce of Altmark was signed, according to which Memel (now Klaipėda), Pillau (now Baltiysk) and other places remained in Swedish hands, in return for which the Elector received Marienburg (now Malbork), Stuhm (now Sztum) and other places previously occupied by this regiment.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "On 28 November (8 December) 1629, the regiment's former Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel), Streiff von Lauenstein, became its colonel; after its Kapitulation (19 February 1630), it was to have 8 companies; 3 of these were lost by 1632.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "1 June 1635: these 5 remaining companies, of which the regiment currently consisted, came to Memel when the Elector regained its fortress through the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Two companies moved to Pillau on 5/15 January 1636 and three more in 1639.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "On 28 September 1657, the 2 companies in Memel left the regimental association with the 3 companies in Pillau. The two companies joined the four-company Electoral \"Leibguardi\" under Oberst de la Cave; this association was dissolved on 9 June 1660.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "In 1675, the number of companies in Pillau was increased to 4, and in 1687 to 6 companies.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In 1689, the Elector often reorganised the fortress garrisons so that they formed two battalions (a field battalion and a garrison battalion), as a result of which the Pillau companies also became a regiment of two battalions of five companies each; the garrison battalion was later reduced in size. In 1689, the field battalion moves to the Rhine for the campaign against France in the Nine Years' War.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "On 1/11 April 1692, this battalion became an independent regiment when the former governor of Pillau and colonel (chief) von Brandt of its garrison relinquished the governing of Pillau, became governor of Magdeburg and received 3 companies of his regiment from his successor in Pillau, Count Alexander Dohna, in return for which the companies still in Pillau (3) became the 5th Regiment [de].", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "18th century In early 1713, Frederick William I of Prussia permanently set the strength of most infantry regiments, including this regiment, at two battalions of 5 companies each.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "From 29 March 1735, the grenadiers, who had previously been distributed among the companies, were merged into 2 companies. So, the regiments now consisted of 2 battalions, each of one grenadier and 5 musketeer companies. In the event of mobilisation, the grenadier companies of two regiments each merged into one grenadier battalion.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "There was a reorganization on 27 February 1787, when two musketeer companies were transformed into grenadier companies, so that the regiment now consists of one grenadier and two musketeer battalions, four companies each. On 14 February 1788, it was determined that each infantry regiment should receive a depot battalion on June 1, which would only accept those still able to serve in garrison and would serve as a replacement battalion in war. The garrison regiments that existed previously were disbanded, so the regiment received three companies of von Bose [de]'s 1st Garrison Regiment [de] as a depot battalion.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "On 1 October 1797, the depot battalions were given a 4th company and (from January 1796) the name 3rd Musketeer Battalion, although their purpose remained essentially the same.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "On 28 February 1799, the regiment was restructured by converting two grenadier companies into musketeer ones, meaning the regiment possesed only two grenadier companies and its 1st and 2nd musketeer battalions had 5 companies, while the 3rd musketeer battalion had 4. The grenadiers of two regiments unified to form a grenadier battalion. The regiment's grenadiers formed a battalion with those of the 5th Regiment, which was called von Fabecki in 1806. On 20 November 1807, the 21st Fusilier Battalion of Stutterheim was assigned as a light battalion to the aforementioned grenadier battalion.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "In 1813, a 3rd musketeer battalion and three reserve battalions were established and the musketeer battalion, the 1st and 2nd reserve battalions were transferred to another regiment.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "On 14 October 1814, the two grenadier companies were transferred to the Alexander Regiment, where they became the 9th and 10th companies. This was followed in 1859 by heavy transfers (including of officers) to the 44th Regiment.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "On 27 September 1866, the 2nd, 14th and 15th companies were transferred to the 74th Regiment.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Later detachments followed on 1 April 1881 (9th Company to the 128th Infantry Regiment [de]), on 1 April 1887 (11th Company to 135th Infantry Regiment [de]) and on 1 April 1897 (4th Battalion to the 147th Infantry Regiment). On 2 October 1893, a 4th (half-battalion) was formed.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "17th century", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "The regiment fought in the Thirty Years' War (1616–1648), the Second Northern War (1658–1660) and the Great Turkish War (1684–1686; 1693–1698).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "18th century", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "It later fought in the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713), the Great Northern War (1715–16), the War of the Polish Succession (1734), the First Silesian War (1742) and the Second Silesian War (1745); then in the Seven Years' War (1757–1762), the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–1779), the Polish-Lithuanian Uprising of 1794.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "19th century", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "The regiment fought against France in the War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807). It was part of the Yorck Corps that invaded Russia alongside the French. The regiment then fought in the War of the Sixth Coalition (1813–1814) against France in Bülow's Corps, later the III Army Corps.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "The regiment participated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 against the Austrian Empire and the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "On 17 August 1914, the regiment was mobilised in accordance with the mobilisation plan. It belonged to the 3rd Infantry Brigade, the 2nd Division, the 8th Army and the I Corps. In addition to the regiment moving into the field, it provided a replacement battalion of four companies and two recruit depots.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "On 29 August 1918, the regiment received its own mine launcher company, which was formed from parts of 2nd Mine Launcher Company.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Colin Sinclair and Rubin Statham are the defending champions.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stanitsas may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "SuAnn Olson is an American politician. She has served as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 8th district, alongside Brandon Prichard. She is a member of the Republican Party.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Quebec Challenge Cup (French: Coupe challenge Québec) is a curling challenge trophy. It has been continually contested since 1874, and is thought to be the oldest competitive sport trophy in North America, and the second oldest amateur sporting event in the world. It is competed between curling clubs who are members of Curling Québec and the Ottawa Valley Curling Association.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "As a challenge trophy, the cup is competed between two clubs: one that currently holds the trophy, and the club that is challenging for it. The competition involves a 10 end \"double rink\" curling game, where both clubs field two teams to play against the opposing club. The final results are based on cumulative scoring on the two sheets. In the case of a tie, the team that is defending the trophy retains it. The defending team hosts the challenge. There are currently 52 clubs that compete for the trophy, and nine challenges per season, which occur every two to three weeks. Clubs must follow the rotation schedule to compete for the trophy, meaning a wait of 5–7 years per challenge.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Cup is run by the \"Canadian Branch\", the former governing body of curling in Quebec, from when it was a branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club in Scotland. The Canadian Branch is now a separate curling body that oversees competitions among clubs in the Ottawa Valley Curling Association, the Grand National Curling Club and Curling Québec.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Quebec Curling Club bought a silver trophy meant to \"foster inter-club play\" among clubs in the Dominion of Canada on January 19, 1874, for $400 or $700. The first competition was held on February 16, 1874, and involved playing 18 ends with iron stones, instead of the granite rocks used in today's curling. The host Quebec Curling Club team, skipped by William Barbour and William Brodie defeated the Montreal Caledonian Club skipped by W. McGibbon and W. Wilson, 56–37 (Barbour defeated McGibbon 23–19, and Brodie defeated Wilson 33–18). The following season, the two clubs faced off again on January 19 with the same skips. The Quebec Club retained the title, defeating Caledonia 58–38 (Wilson winning 23–21 over Brodie and Barbour winning 37–13 over McGibbon). Nine days later, the Caledonian Club finally won the trophy, beating Quebec by a single point, 46–45. The Montreal Thistle Club then won it before Quebec took it back before the end of the season. In its history, the cup has been challenged for over 1000 times.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The cup involves many alcohol traditions. One such noted tradition is that following the match, the cup is filled with a rusty nail cocktail (Scotch and Drambuie) and passed between competitors. Following the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, this tradition has been altered, with the drink being poured out into glasses for each competitor instead. Another tradition involves taking a break after five ends to drink, and having the team's leads take a shot of scotch before the game. The host also provides a post-game dinner for both teams.", "title": "Traditions" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Some clubs no longer exist, but still pay dues to the Canadian Branch and so can still compete. The clubs listed on the rotating schedule are: Cornwall, Ottawa, Windsor, Lennoxville, Montreal West, Hudson Whitlock, Brockville, Navy, Baie-D'Urfé, Winchester, Almonte, Prescott, Border, Mont-Bruno, Glengarry, RCMP, Lancaster, Alexandria, Renfrew, Lachine, Otterburn Legion, TMR, Arnprior, North Grenville, Pembroke, Deep River, Laval-sur-le-Lac, Carleton Place, Carleton Heights, Huntingdon, Ottawa Hunt, Cowansville, Governor General's, Manotick, Lanark Highlands, Pakenham, Pointe-Claire, Morrisburg, Danville, Lacolle, Richmond, Sherbrooke, Celanese, Metcalfe, Bedford, Glenmore, St. Lambert, Sutton, Dalhousie Lake, Ormstown, Bel-Aire and Royal Montreal.", "title": "Eligible clubs" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dicheniotes alexina is a species of tephritid or fruit flies (Tephritidae).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Zimbabwe.", "title": "Distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Second Battle of Angostura was a military siege and confrontation that took place in the context of the Venezuelan War of Independence between Patriot and Royalist forces, that ended with victory for the Patriots, who managed to capture the city of Angostura on 17 July 1817.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1817, most of Venezuela was still under Royalist control, except for several sparsely populated area's which were controlled by Patriot guerilla bands. One of the guerilla leaders was Manuel Piar, who operated in the Guayana Region. In January 1817, he had already attacked Angostura, without success. Manuel Pilar left some troops under control of Manuel Cedeño to further besiege the city.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Soon, the city faced serious supply problems. Hunger eventually led the inhabitants and soldiers to kill every animal they could find and eat plants and herbs. On 8 March, the Spanish sent a relief convoy of 35 ships, protected by the gunboat Carmen, from San Fernando de Apure following the course of the Orinoco. It carried 1,000 to 1,500 soldiers and was commanded by Brigadier Miguel de la Torre, the new military commander of Angostura and Guayana la Vieja. They arrived at Angostura on 27 March, and De la Torre decided to conquer Caroní to reopen the supply line to Angostura, but he was decisively defeated in the Battle of San Félix on 11 April.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At 02:00 on 25 April, Piar ordered several columns to attack Angostura, but after four hours of fighting, De la Torre forced them to withdraw with the loss of 7 officers and 78 soldiers. On the 26th and 27th, the Royalist ships in Guayana la Vieja returned to Angostura to defend the Orinoco line of communication and supply.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 4 May, Bolivar, who had landed in Guayana on 21 March, arrived at Angostura with his fleet to collaborate in the siege. He relieved Piar of command of the Guyana Army sending him to Upata, and put José Francisco Bermúdez in charge of the forces at Angostura.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Finally, on 17 July, General La Torre ordered the entire population, 1,800 civilians and 2,000 soldiers and sailors, to embark on the brigs, schooners, and barges anchored in the port, with their belongings, valuables and archives and head to the Orinoco delta. Only 300 soldiers in the garrison were healthy, the rest were in hospital. At 10:00 a.m. the last evacuees left the city for Guayana la Vieja, where its garrison was also evacuated (about 600 troops) on 3 August. The Royalists were in a bad condition due to hunger and disease, and their morale was at rock bottom.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Luis Brión's ships, as ordered by Bolívar, did not stop harassing them. In panic, the fugitive ships began to disperse in the delta. The warships containing La Torre, Fitzgerald, their officers and most healthy soldiers managed to escape. They headed to the Island of Grenada and then to Caracas. Most other ships were captured or lost in the labyrinth of canals and were never heard from again. It is estimated that more than half of the inhabitants and their possessions ended up at the bottom of the river.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "While the Royalists evacuated, Bermúdez's troops occupied Angostura and Bolívar entered the city on 19 July and found only some starving left behind people.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The Second Siege of Angostura was one of the bloodiest of Venezuela's independence struggle, but one of the greatest victories for Bolivar since the Admirable Campaign. The victory benefited Bolívar, who had risked his life and suffered the same hardships as the troops. However, much of the credit for the victory belonged to Manuel Piar.", "title": "Consequences" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In Angostura the Patriots consolidated a base of operations in Guayana and from there they expanded their operations throughout the Orinoco basin. Its possession became essential to link up with José Antonio Páez and attract more llaneros to the Republican cause, and also to conquer Apure and Barinas and advance into the interior of New Granada in 1819.", "title": "Consequences" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The Patriots now controlled a province of 30,000 inhabitants, but the main cities of Venezuela and the rest of the country remained in Royalist hands. Bolivar made Angostura the \"temporary\" capital of his Third Republic of Venezuela, but Caracas would remain under Royalist control until June 1821.", "title": "Consequences" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In Angostura, Bolivar also became the undisputed leader of the Venezuelan independence movement, after he had his only remaining rival, General Manuel Piar, executed on 16 October 1817. The Patriot political and military power was definitively unified around the person of the Liberator.", "title": "Consequences" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The Guyana Campaign, which ended with this victory, was followed by the Central Campaign (es) (November 1817 - May 1818), which aimed to conquer Central Venezuela, but which ended in total failure for Bolivar and the Patriots.", "title": "Consequences" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The liberation of Venezuela would only be completed after the Battle of Carabobo in June 1821.", "title": "Consequences" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Canachus the Younger (in Greek; Κάναχος ο Σικυώνιος, 5th/4th century BC) was a sculptor from Sicyon. A known work of his is the bronze statue of the Olympic victor Bycelus of Sicyon during the 95th (400 BC) Olympic Games of antiquity, as well as his participation in the construction of a group of sculptures at Delphi in 404 BC, commissioned by the Spartan general Lysander. His grandfather is believed to have been Canachus the Elder (6th century BC), also a sculptor by profession.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Nonthaburi Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 7th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Nonthaburi, Thailand from 1 to 6 January 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:", "title": "Singles main-draw entrants" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:", "title": "Singles main-draw entrants" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Maud Lefort (born 2006) is a French para badminton player who competes in international badminton competitions. She is a double European Para champion in the singles and doubles events with Caroline Bergeron and won a bronze medal in the mixed doubles event with Mathieu Thomas.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At seven years old, Lefort had a life-changing accident when her elbow was dislocated following a sporting activity. This resulted in her having limited movement in her left forearm.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Donna Henderson is an American politician. She has served as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 9th district, alongside Jayme Davis. She is a member of the Republican Party.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2022 UAE Super Cup is the 16th professional and 22nd overall UAE Super Cup, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Pro League and President's Cup. It will be contested between Shabab Al Ahli and Sharjah, both clubs have previously faced each other in 2019 and 2020, Sharjah won the former on penalty shootout and Shabab Al Ahli won the latter with a scoreline of one to nothing.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 French F4 Championship is to be the 14th season to run under the guise of the French F4 Championship and the seventh under the FIA Formula 4 regulations. It is the second season in which the series is partnered with the ADAC Formel Junior Team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The driver lineup for 2024 will consist of 26 drivers, and all cars will be run by FFSA Academy.", "title": "Driver lineup" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Calendar for the 2024 season is yet to be announced.", "title": "Race calendar" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Points are awarded as follows:", "title": "Championship standings" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Feng Ziqi (born 1999) is a Chinese freestyle wrestler. She won a bronze medal in the 50 kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Feng was born in 1999 is from Guangzhou in Guangdong province. She started training in wrestling when she was 9. In 2018 she joined the Guangdong provincial wrestling team.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 31 October 2019, she won a silver medal in the 50 kg event at the 2019 U23 World Wrestling Championships.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2023, Feng won a bronze medal in in the 50 kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships by defeating Alisson Cardozo of Colombia.", "title": "Background" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sho Shimabukuro was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marcin Jakub Pałys (born December 5, 1964 in Warsaw) is a Polish chemist and academic, holding a habilitation in chemical sciences. He is a university professor at the University of Warsaw, where he served as the Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry for financial affairs (2005–2008), Vice-Rector for Development and Financial Policy (2008–2012), and in the terms 2012–2016 and 2016–2020, the Rector of the University of Warsaw. He also served as the Chair of the Main Council of Science and Higher Education in the XIII term and is a member of the board of the European University Association.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Predator is an ongoing Predator comic series published by Marvel Comics since August 10, 2022. Originally announced for a 2021 release, written by Ed Brission with art by Kev Walker, Netho Diaz, and Francesco Manna, the series (a succession of miniseries) follows the human hunter Theta, who in the future of Alien makes it her mission to hunt down all active trophy hunters of the Yautja species. Collected as the graphic novels Day of the Hunter (2022–2023), The Preserve (2023), and The Last Hunt (2024), the series also features classic Predator characters such as John Schaefer. The series has received a generally positive critical reception. It was one of two new Predator comics by Marvel, along with Predator vs. Wolverine.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Having killed six Yautja over the course of fifteen years, searching for the hunter who killed her family and crew as child, Theta dedicates her her life to becoming the ultimate hunter, picking off numerous big-game hunters in her quest for revenge.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Years after the previous volume, on a planet far from Earth, eight strangers awake to find themselves in a deadly game. But this time, the Yautja aren't the only ones on the hunt: someone has the Yautja in their sites—and they’ve been searching for this game preserve for a long time. Prepare for a brutal, carnage-filled adventure that will turn everything you thought you knew about the Yautja on its head!", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "For years, Theta had hunted down Yautja, trying to find the one that killed her parents. With her vendetta complete, Predator: The Last Hunt, she also sets her sights on a new mission: freeing human captives from the Yautja's game preserve planet. On the volume's development, series writer Ed Brission stated:", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "\"Theta has been carrying a lot of guilt over the events of the last arc and has made it her mission to find the Predator Stasis Farms and free the hundreds (thousands?) of prisoners being held for the [Yautja's] hunting pleasure. \"[A]t the same time, her twenty-plus years of [experience] hunting is all coming to a head as she suddenly finds herself in the crosshairs as it becomes clear that her mission may be a trap.\"", "title": "Premise" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nam Ji-sung and Song Min-kyu were the defending champions but only Nam chose to defend his title, partnering Hans Hach Verdugo.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dicheniotes asmarensis is a species of tephritid or fruit flies (Tephritidae).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Eritrea.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Akter Min Aey Waqit is the eleventh studio album by Moroccan singer Laila Ghofran released by Rotana on February 17, 2005. The album was well received by the public especially following the massive success of the its lead single, Ashalhalk. The album contains eight song and is the last Ghofran album released by Rotana before the artist cut ties with the record label.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In this album, Ghofran collaborated with a number of songwriters, such as Amir Taima, Riyad Al-Hamshari, Ahmed Ali, Mohammad Rifai, and Wissam Sabry. As for the melodies, the songs were composed by Riyad Al-Hamshari, Tamer Ali Hassan, Mohammad Rifai, Aser Ashour, and Rashida Ali.", "title": "Album information" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The album was released on February 17, 2005, by Rotana. For the album's artwork, Laila appeared with a new and youthful look, which she later justified by saying she lost weight while preparing the album, as she told Al-Ahram magazine. The album's artwork caused controversy because Laila removed her last name the cover, something that she later justified this by saying that she wanted to test the audience to know they're opinions about her new music, regardless of her name.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The album was well received by the public and had very good sales, especially after the tremendous success the album's lead singe \"Ashalhalak\" had. However, Rotana insisted that the album failed to have any commercial success, all while violating the terms of the contract signed between them and Laila. According to the artist, the contract said that the record label should produce three music videos for songs from the album, but they failed to do so and only one music video was shot for the lead single.", "title": "Album reception and departure from Rotana" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Laila said that Rotana's insistence on the album's failure shocked her, especially since she was one of the first Arab artists to join the record label in the 90s. Laila stated that she was then surprised by Rotana's withholding of her financial dues before Rotana asked her to drop any right to file a lawsuit against them later, which Laila agreed on in order to received her money from them.", "title": "Album reception and departure from Rotana" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elizabeth Francis (born July 25, 1909) is an American supercentenarian.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Francis was born in Louisiana in 1909 during the Taft presidency, although she is unsure of what town she was born in. Her mother died when she was very young, and she and her five siblings were sent to different homes, with her being sent to Houston, where she was raised by an aunt. She lived nextdoor to her sister, who lived to the age of 106, which made her and Francis the oldest siblings on record. She had another sister who lived to the age of 95, and her father died when he was 99.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She raised her children as a single mother. She moved into her current house in 1999, where she lives with her 94-year old daughter, and is cared for by her 68-year old granddaughter.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Francis has avoided smoking her whole life, and often grew vegetables in her backyard. She has attributed her long life to her faith in God.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the 1970s, Francis ran the coffee shop at KTRK-TV in Houston. She never learned to drive, so she used the bus or relied on family members for transportation. She has used a wheelchair since 2016.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Single for the Rest of My Life\" is a song by American R&B group Isyss, released on September 10, 2002 as the second single from their debut studio album The Way We Do (2002).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dan LeRoy wrote a positive response to the song, describing it as a \"nice amalgam of acoustic soul and stuttering beats.\"", "title": "Composition and critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Template:Isyss", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anish Dayal Singh is an Indian Police Service officer of 1988 batch of Manipur cadre, current Director general of Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Director General of Sashastra Seema Bal and newly appointed Director General of Central Reserve Police Force.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The PSLV C-58 will be the 60th flight of the Indian Space Research Organisation's Polar Satellite launch Vehicle. It will carry the XPoSAT mission along with rideshare payloads.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Apart from XPoSat, the rocket will carry 10 other payloads on PSLV Orbital Experiment Module (POEM) - 3.", "title": "Payload" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hannah Jones (born 5 October 1995) is an Australian hurdler specializing in the 100 metres hurdles. She was the bronze medalist at the 2023 Australian Athletics Championships, qualifying her for the world championships where she did not advance to the semifinals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jones is from the Cherrybrook suburb of Sydney, Australia. She had a successful under-20 athletics career, winning a bronze medal at the 2012 Australian U18 championships. At the Australian trials for the 2014 World U20 Championships in Athletics, Jones won her semifinal but fell in the finals and did not make the team.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2019, Jones moved to Gold Coast, Queensland to be coached by Olympic gold medallist Sally Pearson while studying at the University of New South Wales.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2021, Jones achieved her best national placing with a runner-up finish at the Australian Athletics Championships, behind Liz Clay. Despite this, she was not selected for the Australian Olympic team. Her coach Sally Pearson said that Jones had the ability to push Clay to the line.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Jones had her best year in 2023, with multiple runs near or under 13 seconds. Jones qualified for the 2023 World Athletics Championships by placing 3rd at the 2023 Australian Athletics Championships. At the world championships, Jones finished 8th in her heat and did not advance to the semifinals.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Matti Turkia (26 February 1871 – 10 January 1946) was a Finnish newspaper editor, politician and member of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), he represented Uusimaa Province between October 1930 and April 1945. He had previously represented Viipuri Province West from May 1907 to May 1909 and from February 1914 to April 1945. He was secretary of the SDP from 1906 to 1918.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Turkia was a member of the revolutionary Finnish People's Delegation during the Finnish Civil War in 1918. Following the Red defeat he lived in exile in Soviet Russia and Sweden. He returned to Finland in 1927 and was imprisoned before receiving a presidential pardon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Turkia was born on 26 February 1871 in Viipuri municipality in the south-east of the Grand Duchy of Finland. He was the son of crofter Esaias Turkia and Helena Kristiina Pekkala. The family moved to Halla near Kotka where Esaias Turkia worked in the local sawmill. After attending public school, Turkia, aged 12, started working at the Halla sawmill in 1883.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Turkia became attracted to socialism after witnessing the poor working conditions at the Halla sawmill. He joined the Finnish Labour Party in 1895 and was involved in organising a strike at the sawmil in 1898. The mill owners fired the strike organisers and conspired with other employers in the Kotka region to blacklist them. Despite this, and the use of strikebreakers, the strikers were successful in having their demands met. Child labour at the mill was discontinued, the working day was reduced by two hours from 13½ hours to 11½ hours and wages were increased by up to 50%. The mill owners did not however re-instate Turkia, whom they considered to be a radical.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Between 1898 and 1901 Turkia worked in more than 30 different places in Finland, including as a sawmill and wood worker. He was a machinist at a carpentry factory in Hietalahti, Helsinki between 1901 and 1903.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "By 1904 Turkia had established a workers organisation that was procuring weapons, distributing banned literature, organising anti-Russian assassinations and assisting Russian revolutionaries. The group had 5,000 members by 1905 and was credited with the assassination of Russian gendarmerie Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Kramarenko. Turkia also traveled around Finland establishing local activist organisations. In this context, he was happy to work with bourgeoisie activists.", "title": "Activism" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Turkia became a supporter of the temperance movement after witnessing the effects of alcohol on workers. He was the Kotka representative at the 1899 drinking strike meeting in Uusikaupunki. It was there that he met Selma Parkkisen (1875-1943), the representative from Helsinki. Turkia and Parkkisen married in 1900. They had three children: Anna (b. 1902), Aune (b. 1905) and Aino (Salo) (b. 1906).", "title": "Activism" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Turkia started writing articles for magazines in 1895. He was editor of Itä-Suomen Työmies in 1901. He was a collector of notices for Työmieen, Velikulta, Helsingin Sanomat and Kylväjä (1903-1904). He was editor of the Kansan Lehti in Tampere (1905) and Eteenpäin magazine in Kotka (1905-1906).", "title": "Journalism and politics" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1906 Turkia was elected secretary of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a position he held until 1918. He came under pressure at the 1909 SDP conference following the embezzlement of party funds by treasurer Emil Perttilä, who had fled to Cape Town. At the 1911 SDP conference, Otto Wille Kuusinen criticised Turkia for the declining party membership. Turkia wanted to resign but continued in the role as neither Kuusinen nor Oskari Tokoi wanted the job. A similar thing happened two years later. Turkia was elected to the Parliament of Finland at the 1907 parliamentary election. He was re-elected at the 1908 and 1913 parliamentary elections.", "title": "Journalism and politics" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "n May 1917 Turkia met Vladimir Lenin, who promised to support Finnish independence. Turkia, together with Edvard Gylling and K. H. Wiik, had argued against revolution but considered it inevitable. By the autumn on 1917 Turkia was advocating the establishment of a workers guard as he considered the police reserves to be a capitalist guard. He was against calling the workers guard as Red Guard as it would alarm the public and wanted the guards armed. He was commander-in-chief of the guards in October/November 1917 and during the general strike.", "title": "Civil war and exile" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Following the Finnish Revolution, Turkia resigned as party secretary and was appointed as Procurator in the Finnish People's Delegation (the revolutionary government) on 28 January 1918. He was also appointed to the Supreme Leading Committee of the Red Guards (the army of the revolutionary government). One of his first tasks as procurator was to investigate the death of MP Antti Mikkola. Although several culprits were identified, the rapid progress of the Finnish Civil War meant that the revolutionary government didn't have time to punish the culprits.", "title": "Civil war and exile" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In March/April 1918 revolutionary government chairman Kullervo Manner sent Turkia to Petrograd to seek assistance for the Red Guards. Following the Red defeat in May 1918 Turkia stayed in Soviet Russia where he was a member of the Finnish Labor Executive Committee. He was unwillingly embroiled in recurring conflicts between exiled Finnish revolutionaries. Unable to speak Russian, he was dependent on his compatriots.", "title": "Civil war and exile" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In the summer of 1922, Turkia and his family were able to cross back into Finland on the fourth attempt. The family went from Viipuri to Tampere and on to Sweden where Turkia successfully applied for citizenship. The family soon returned to Finland but Turkia remained in Stockholm where he edited the Social-Demokraten from 1922 to 1927. He also wrote for Kansan Lehti, Raivaaja and Nykyaika using the the pen name Emigrantti.", "title": "Civil war and exile" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Turkia returned to Finland on 16 August 1927 and reported to the police in Helsinki. He was sentenced to 8½ years in prison by the fascist government. He received a presidential pardon on 10 February 1928 and had his citizenship and civic rights restored despite the opposition of the Supreme Court. He was released from Tammisaari concentration camp on 13 February 1928.", "title": "Return to Finland, imprisonment and politics" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Turkia was editor of Suomen Sosialidemokraatti from 1928 to 1932. He was re-elected to the Parliament of Finland at the 1930 parliamentary election. He was re-elected at the 1933, 1936 and 1939 parliamentary elections.", "title": "Return to Finland, imprisonment and politics" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Turkia was a presidential elector at the 1931, 1937, 1940 and 1943 presidential elections. He was a member of the City Council of Helsinki. He was on the executive committee of the SDP and was president of the party's local branch in Uusimaa Province. He was on the board of left-wing publisher Kustannus Oy Kansanvalta.", "title": "Return to Finland, imprisonment and politics" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Turkia died on 10 January 1946 in Helsinki.", "title": "Return to Finland, imprisonment and politics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea carpentariae is a species of waterlily native to Queensland and Western Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea carpentariae is a perennial plant with 4 cm wide, globose to elongate rhizomes. The 45 cm wide, orbicular-elliptic leaves have dentate margins.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The fragrant flowers rise up to 40 cm above the water surface. The androecium consists of 150-300 stamens. The gynoecium consists of 7-19 carpels. The 4 cm wide, globose fruits bear spherical too elongate-sherical, 2-3.5 mm long, and 2mm wide seeds with continuous rows of 0.1-0.15 mm long trichomes.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The chromosome count is n = ~42. The genome size is 1447.44 Mb.", "title": "Cytology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It was first described by Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs and Carl Barre Hellquist in 2006.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The type specimen was collected by Jacobs and Hellquist in Burketown, Queensland, Australia on the 18th of April 2005.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Anecphya.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The specific epithet carpentariae references the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The NCA status of Nymphaea carpentariae is Special Least Concern. According to the Western Australia Conservation status, it is a poorly-known species (P1).", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It is found in lagoons, and in billabongs.", "title": "Ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "It has a named cultivar Nymphaea carpentariae \"Julia Leu\".", "title": "Cultivation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Emory Daniel Jones (April 7, 1897 – September 15, 1977) was an American sports promoter who was the manager of the St. Louis Arena for 35 years. In addition to running the arena, Jones also managed a number of its sports teams. He president of the St. Louis Flyers, vice president and general manager of the St. Louis Braves, general manager of the St. Louis Bombers, and was a boxing promoter. He also managed the Forest Park Highlands amusement park, which was owned by the St. Louis Arena Corporation. In 1952, Jones was elected president of the American Hockey League. He was reelected in June 1953, but two months later, the Flyers folded and Jones resigned as league president. From 1969 to 1974, Jones was the president of the Central Hockey League. He died on September 15, 1977 at Deaconess Hospital in St. Louis at the age of 80.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of cricketers who played for the former Parsis team in first-class matches. Parsis was an active team in Bombay for 54 years from 1892 to 1946, and took part in the annual Bombay Tournament. Seasons given are the first and last in which each player represented Parsis, but they may not have played in all the interim seasons and many played for other senior teams besides Parsis. Players in bold played international cricket.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "† Names preceded by the dagger symbol are the players who took part in Parsis' inaugural first-class match on 26–27 August 1892, in which Parsis played Europeans. The result was match drawn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Last updated 29 December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|", "title": "A" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "David Toupé (born 19 March 1977) is a French para badminton player who competes in international badminton competitions. He is a World and European champion in doubles and four-time European silver medalist in the singles, he is also a nine-time French champion. He competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics where he did not advance to the quarterfinals in both the men's singles and doubles events.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Toupé was a former able-bodied badminton player before he was involved in a serious skiing accident where he had a spinal cord injury in 2003.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Highland Song is an adventure game by Inkle. It was released for Microsoft Windows and Nintendo Switch on 5 December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The player controls Moira McKinnon, a teenager running away from her family home.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Moira lives with her mother near the Scottish Highlands. She receives a letter from her uncle Hamish asking her to visit him at the coast.", "title": "Synopsis" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The game was developed and published by British studio Inkle. A Highland Song was announced on 11 February 2022. It was released for Microsoft Windows and Nintendo Switch on 5 December 2023.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "TechRadar said its environment creates an immersive atmosphere and contains compelling musical segments, but it is short and occasionally frustrating.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A.k.a Mr. Chow is a documentary film about Michael Chow (restaurateur).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tynnichus (in Greek: Τύννιχος, fl. 6th century BC) was an ancient Greek doric poet from Chalcis. He developed distinctive paeans with musical accompaniment in honor of the god Apollo, particularly for the cessation of infectious diseases. This form of poetry, more religious in nature, was first perfected in Crete and from there spread to Delphi, ancient Sparta, and other regions of ancient Greece.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He is mentioned in Plato's dialogue \"Ion\" as an example, noting that none of his works are memorable except for his paean, which is widely sung and perhaps one of the most beautiful odes ever created, described by Tynnichus himself as an invention of the Muses.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Aeschylus, in particular, admired the ancient majesty in Tynnichus' paean, suggesting that it was not a recent composition at the time.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Cross for the War of Independence 1821–29 (Greek: Αριστείον του Αγώνος Ανεξαρτησίας 1821-1829) was a military decoration of Greece for participation in the Greek War of Independence.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Cross for the War of Independence 1821–29 was established by royal decree on 20 May 1834, its regulations were further modified by the royal decrees of 18 September 1835 and 25 July 1838. It was confirmed by the 8th Act of the Hellenic National Assembly on 3 September 1843.", "title": "Regulations" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It was awarded to those who fought in the Greek War of Independence both members of the Greek military and civilians. It was awarded in three degrees, silver for officers, bronze for non-commissioned officers and iron for soldiers, sailors and civilians. The recipients of the cross received a number of privileges including bearing arms without a permit, being exempt from physical labor while carrying out general services for the state. They also received primacy during elections and occupied the first place of honor after members of the authorities.", "title": "Regulations" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The cross was designed by Bavarian engraver Konrad Lange. It has the form of a simple cross, the antennae of which are surrounded by a laurel wreath, which in some forms of silver degree is covered with green enamel. In the center of the obverse there is a composition of an angular crown and two crossed swords and the inscription \"Otto King of Greece\". The reverse side of the cross bears the Bavarian coat of arms and the inscription \"To the Heroic Defenders of the Fatherland\". Both inscriptions were written in Greek. It was it was held by a pale blue 36 millimetres (1.4 in) wide ribbon and worn on the left side of the chest.", "title": "Appearance" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lucja Miller Rucinska (1817, 1818, or 1820 - 6 August 1882) was a Polish composer and pianist who lived in Ukraine for many years. She published and performed under the name Lucja Rucinska.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Rucinska’s father was the Polish lawyer Ignacy Miller. She married the poet and dissident Justynian Rucinski on 4 May 1838. That September, Justynian was arrested in Kiev. He was deported to Siberia in February 1839, and ultimately spent 25 years in exile from Poland. In 1842 he and Rucinska moved to Turin, Italy, where she gave music and dance lessons to help support the family.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Rucinska later lived in Zytomierz, Ukraine, for many years, where she accompanied the violinist Andrzej Janowicz and taught piano. Her students included Juliusz Zarebski.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1852, Rucinska edited A Musical Album for the Piano which was published in St. Petersburg, Russia. It contained 18 compositions, including her own, as well as works by the composers Dobrzyński (Ignacy Dobrzyński or his sons), Kazimierz Lubomirski (1813-1871), Stanislaw Moniuszko, and Maria Szymanowska, among others. During the 1860s, Rucinska returned to Zytomierz.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Rucinska’s works, all for piano, were published by Gebethner. Her publications included:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tsai Chung-nan (Chinese: 蔡仲南; Wade–Giles: Tsai Chung-nan; born 7 March 1979 in Taipei County, Taiwan), sometimes nicknamed Ah-Gan (Chinese: 阿甘), is a Taiwanese former baseball starting pitcher who played for the Sinon Bulls in Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) from 2002 to 2009. He is currently the manager of the Nanhua University baseball team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Xizhi Township, Taipei County, Tsai attended Xizhi Elementary School and Xiufeng Senior High School prior to entering Taipei Physical Education College, a junior college in Taipei. He joined the Taiwanese military as part of Taiwan's compulsory service.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tsai was the No. 1 overall pick by the Sinon Bulls in the 2002 CPBL draft, signing a historic NT$6 million contract. In his rookie season, Tsai posted 14 wins and 9 losses with a 3.49 earned run average, receiving the CPBL Rookie of the Year Award.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In his second year, he posted 11 wins.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1999, Tsai represented Taiwan and faced off against Japanese ace Daisuke Matsuzaka in the 1999 Asian Baseball Championship, becoming a household name. In the 2001 Baseball World Cup, he recorded a win against the Netherlands and led the team to the semifinals.", "title": "International play" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Tsai represented Taiwan in the 2022 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea. He was the team's ace pitcher, and recorded a loss in the championship game against the South Korean team.", "title": "International play" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Tsai's nickname Ah-Gan is derived from the Taiwanese translation of film character Forrest Gump. His classmates at junior college coined the nickname based on anecdotes that Tsai often continued running after the team's conditioning drills had ended.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Oeiras Indoors was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the 3rd edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Oeiras, Portugal from 1 to 6 January 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:", "title": "Singles main-draw entrants" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:", "title": "Singles main-draw entrants" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Act of Faith and Other Stories is a collection of short fiction by Irwin Shaw, published by Random House in 1946.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Shaw’s third collection of short stories, this volume deals largely with incidents related to World War II.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The frequently anthologized title story, “Act of Faith,” was included in O. Henry Prize Stories of 1946 and in The Best American Short Stories of 1947. “Act of Faith” was also included in The New Yorker’s own anthology of war stories, Book of War Pieces (1947).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Atlantic in the November 1946 issue describes the volume as “twelve masterful short stories…brief, compact, and poignant” concerning men and women overseas during World War II. The reviewer adds that the influence of Hemingway is apparent in the dialogue and the restrained and economical writing that advance the dramatic narratives. Biographer Michael Shnayerson reports that critical assessment for the collection was positive, with Shaw widely identified as “one of America’s best short story writers.” He cites New York Times critic Robert Gorman Davis, who wrote (August 26, 1946): “Irwin Shaw is a moral writer who conceives moral problems simply, feels them deeply, and dramatizes them with an often terrifying historical significance.”", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Literary critic James R. Giles observes that “Shaw’s publishers for most of his career have recognized the central importance of his short stories in any evaluation of his career.” In particular, Act of Faith and Other Stories includes “memorable tales of war.”", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Biographer Michael Shnayerson offers this high praise for the collection’s title piece: “‘Act of Faith’ remains one of Shaw’s best stories, arguably the finest of those about the war.”", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Literary critic William Peden in Saturday Review notes that Shaw’s finest short fiction is derived from his experiences as a warrant officer in the U.S. Army during World War II. The stories deal primarily with the “effects of war, violence and intolerance.” Peden singles out “Gunners’ Passage” as “eloquent in its simplicity and revealing in its understanding of simple men of good will in a violent world.” James R. Giles writes that thematically, the works of fiction in Act of Faith do not encompass reconciliation with those who carried out the orders of the Nazi Party leadership.", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In “Retreat,” Shaw dramatizes an encounter between a German officer of the defeated Weimar army who is fleeing Paris, and a Partisan Jew who has managed to survive the occupation. Giles describes the following exchange, in which the officer, captured by the Jew, identifies himself as merely a former automobile salesman, explaining that any atrocities were committed exclusively SS and Gestapo units, for which he is not responsible. The officer pleads: “What can I do...to wash my hands?” The Jew answers “You can cut your throat...and see if it takes the stain out.” Giles adds this caveat:", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "It is important to note the fact that Shaw recognizes that the Germans did not invent prejudice against his people and that he equally condemns anti-Semitism in the Russians, the British, and the Americans.", "title": "Theme" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gebhard Schädler (21 September 1776 – 20 November 1842) was a surgeon from Liechtenstein.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Schädler was born on 21 September 1776 to the son of surgeon Johann Georg Gebhard Schädler and his mother Maria Sabine Bayer as one of three children. He attended high school in Feldkirch and from 1796 to 1798 he studied medicine in the University of Freiburg, where he received a masters degree in surgery.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Schädler fought as a member of the 20-man Liechtenstein volunteer corps against the French during the War of the First Coalition, where he was wounded in 1797. From 1799 to 1801 he was a regimental surgeon of a Graubünden regiment in the Netherlands.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He was the first academically trained doctor in Liechtenstein and opened his own medical practice in Eschen in 1801, later in Nendeln. From 1802 he was a regional doctor in Unterland and from 1809 to 1842 he was state physicist. Due to this, he moved to Vaduz as it had been assigned to him as his official residence. He built a private medical library and fought against quackery in the medical field, where on his imitative compulsory smallpox vaccinations were introduced for Liechtenstein citizens in 1812. Schädler was the first doctor to provide obstetrics and train midwives in the country, as well as treat poor sick people and royal officials in addition to medical examinations for the Liechtenstein military.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1842, he retired to Bendern with his son Karl Schädler taking over his medical practice, where he died on 20 November 1842, aged 66 years old.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Schädler married Maria Katharina Hasler (1 January 1784 – 3 November 1861) in 1803 and they had nine children together. His son Karl Schädler took over his medical practice and was President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1862 to 1870.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Matías David Espinoza Acosta (born 19 August 1997) is a Paraguayan professional footballer who plays as a left back for Libertad and the Paraguay national team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A Libertad youth graduate, Espinoza made his senior debut while on loan at General Caballero ZC in 2016. Back to Libertad for the 2017 season, he spent the first half of the campaign playing for the reserves before agreeing to a one-year loan deal with General Díaz in August.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Back to Libertad in June 2018, Espinoza was initially a backup option before establishing himself as a starter in the 2019 season. On 19 March 2020, he renewed his contract with the club.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 28 December 2023, amidst rumours from a possible move to other clubs, Espinoza renewed his link with Libertad for another four years.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 3 October 2019, Espinoza was called up to the Paraguay national team by manager Eduardo Berizzo for two friendlies against Serbia and Slovakia. He made his full international debut seven days later, coming on as a second-half substitute for Cristhian Paredes in a 1–0 loss against the former at the Mladost Stadium in Kruševac.", "title": "International career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Libertad", "title": "Honours" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kate Mary Ogston (née Ridings; 21 August 1852 - 27 July 1916) was an artist in Dunedin, New Zealand. She was known for floral and landscape paintings", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kate Mary Ogston (née Ridings) was born on 21 August 1852 at Pyrmont, New South Wales, as the daughter of George Ridings and Catherine Williamson. They moved to New Zealand in the mid-1850s. On 7 December 1887 at Bishop’s Court, Auckland, she married Dr Frank Ogston, a University of Otago lecturer and together they had a daughter.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She exhibited in New Zealand and Australia:", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Ogston won second place at the New Zealand Industrial Exhibition, Wellington, 1885 and third place at the New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition, Dunedin 1889-1890. She signed the New Zealand women's suffrage petition. She was also engaged in golfing, and was the first elected President of the Dunedin Ladies Golf Club, which first met at her home on 22 June 1892.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "She died in 27 Sep 1916 and is buried in Anderson Bay Cemetery.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Ogston's work is held in the permanent collection of the Dunedin Public Art Gallery, and the Hocken Collection, University of Otago.", "title": "Collections" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Brunei–Palestine relations refer to foreign relations between Brunei and the State of Palestine. Brunei supports the creation of a independent Palestine based on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Brunei does not have diplomatic ties with Israel. It does recognize the State of Palestine. Walid Abu Ali is the non-resident Ambassador of Palestine to Brunei.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Sultan of Brunei spoke at the United Nations session in September 1984 after joining the United Nations where he condemned Israel and expressed support for a Palestinian State. On 17 November 1988, Brunei recognized Palestine following the Palestinian Declaration of Independence.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Brunei voted against the United States recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel at the United Nations. The resolution stated the issue of Jerusalem would be settled through negotiations between Palestinians and Israelis.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Brunei provides donations to Palestine through the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). It provided food for Ramadan in 2019 and funding for education and healthcare in 2020. It raised funds through the The Palestine Humanitarian Fund 2021 initiative and provided 115,860 food packets to UNRWA.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia issued a joint statement during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war condemning Israeli actions and calling for a cease fire. All three Muslim majority Southeast Asian countries do not have diplomatic ties with Israel. McDonald franchise donated to a fund for Palestinians in Gaza. Thousands protested in Bandar Seri Begawan in solidarity with the Palestinians.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pearl Louis Berg (née Synenberg; born October 1, 1909) is an American supercentenarian and the 9th oldest living person in the world, as well as the oldest Jewish person alive.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Berg was born in Evansville, Indiana in 1909 to Archie Synenberg and Annie Gerson, children of Eastern European immigrants, along with a sister, Selma, and a brother, Bob. They moved to various states throughout their childhood, but she atteneded Schenley High School in Pittsburgh. The family moved to California in 1929, a few months before the stock market crash.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She was married to her husband, Mark Berg, a Ukrainian immigrant from Kremenchug in 1931. He widowed her when she was 79. They have two children, Alan and Robert, and she resides in Los Angeles.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pamela de Lourdes Hodar Alba (born 28 August 1952) is a Chilean former TV presenter who also served as councilwoman of Vina del Mar.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Vina del Mar, Hodar attended the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso, where she did her bachelor of arts in journalism.", "title": "TV career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the 1970s, she began her television career on UCV Televisión starring the program Música, Música (from Spanish: 'Music, Music') along with Izidor Handler. Later, Hodar moved to the capital city, Santiago, because she was hired to read the weather on Teleonce (TV Channel). Then, she read morning news on Panorama, also from Teleonce.", "title": "TV career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "This background allowed Hodar to have a promotion in her career, since she was hired by Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN). In the state–owned company, she presented the central newscast, 60 Minutes. In 1986, she reached a peak in her career when she was appointed to present the Viña del Mar International Song Festival alongside Antonio Vodanovic, with whom presented the OTI Festival in the same year. Hodar presented the Vina Festival until 1990. One year later, Hodar left TVN and retired from the television career, except for a brief period in 1997, when she worked on the TV channel, La Red.", "title": "TV career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "From 2004 to 2008, Hodar was councilwoman of Concón. Then, from 2008 to 2021, she served in the same office for Vina del Mar.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "She married the military man Juan Arenas. She had two sons, one of them, the future deputy Gonzalo Arenas.", "title": "Personal Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Cross for the Bavarian Auxiliary Corps (Greek: Αριστείον του Βαυαρικού Επικουρικού Σώματος) was a military decoration of Greece for participation in the Bavarian Auxiliary Corps.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Cross for the Bavarian Auxiliary Corps was established by regency resolution on 22 November 1833. It was awarded to servicemen of the Bavarian Auxiliary Corps who accompanied Bavarian prince Otto to Greece.", "title": "Regulations" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It has the form of a brass cross with trapezoidal edges mounted on a laurel wreath. The obverse is inscribed with the sentence \"Otto King of Greece\". The reverse side of the cross bears the inscription \"To the Bavarian Auxiliary Armies\". Both inscriptions were written in Greek. It remains unknown whether a number of surviving iron crosses were part of a separate degree. Its dimensions varied between 32–33 millimetres (1.3–1.3 in). Some of the crosses were painted black and the embossed letters were gilded. It was held by a light blue 36 millimetres (1.4 in) wide ribbon.", "title": "Appearance" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The SMART Health Card framework is an open source immunity passport program designed to store and share medical information in paper or digital form. It was initially launched as a vaccine passport during the COVID-19 pandemic, but is envisioned for use for other infectious diseases. SMART Health Cards include a QR code which can be scanned and verified using the official SMART Health Card Verifier mobile app. It was rolled out by the Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI) based on technology developed at Boston Children's Hospital, and standards set by Health Level Seven International (HL7) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In February 2009, United States president Barack Obama signed an economic stimulus package which included $19 billion in funds for investment in health information technology. The following month, researchers from Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Kenneth Mandl and Isaac Kohane, published an article in The New England Journal of Medicine calling for the modernization of electronic health records through API integrations on mobile devices. In April 2010, the pair secured a $15 million grant through the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology's Strategic Health IT Advanced Research Projects (SHARP) program. With this federal funding, the researchers began development of an interoperable healthcare IT platform they called \"Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies\" (SMART). The first iteration of the platform API was previewed later that year, and \"SMART Classic\" was released in 2011.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2013, SMART adopted the open-source Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard developed by Health Level Seven International (HL7). The newly named SMART on FHIR platform was debuted in February 2014 at the Health Information Management Systems Society conference.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "According to SMART Health IT, Mandl successfully lobbied for the inclusion of a universal API requirement in the 21st Century Cures Act, signed into law on December 13, 2016. The team also advocated for a federal rule establishing SMART as the universal API. In 2019, the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology published the \"final rule\" specifying the SMART framework as the standard to satisfy the requirements of the 21st Century Cures Act; the rule was implemented in June 2020.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The SMART Health Card framework was deployed as a \"de facto standard\" for vaccine passports in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and other international jurisdictions. On January 14, 2021, the Mitre Corporation announced the launch of a new public–private partnership called the Vaccination Credential Initiative (VCI) alongside the CARIN Alliance, Cerner, Change Healthcare, The Commons Project Foundation, Epic Systems, Evernorth, Mayo Clinic, Microsoft, Oracle, Safe Health, and Salesforce. VCI's purpose was to employ the SMART Health Card framework in order to create a unified proof-of-vaccination system for COVID-19 vaccines.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The California Department of Public Health introduced a Digital Covid-19 Vaccine Record portal in June 2021, allowing individuals to verify their vaccination status using the SMART Health Card reader.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On August 5, 2021, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced the introduction of the \"Excelsior Pass Plus\" which would expand its Excelsior Pass program into other states and internationally by connecting it to the SMART Health Card system. As of August 27, 2021, 415,000 citizens of Louisiana had added their COVID-19 vaccination status to their state-run, SMART Health Card enabled LA Wallet. On September 8, 2021, Hawaii governor David Ige announced the rollout of the state's Hawaiʻi SMART Health Card.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The Government of Canada spent CAD$4.6 million to develop a proof-of-vaccination credential on the SMART Health Card framework, enabling its ArriveCAN travel application to store, recognize and verify credentials from every province, territory and foreign country. Since October 2021, Canadian provinces and territories used the SMART Health Card format as a requirement by the federal government, including British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan and the Yukon.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "On October 13, 2021, the American Immunization Registry Association published a statement encouraging adoption of SMART Health Cards as a common standard \"where allowed by local law and policy.\"", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "A SMART Health Cards Global Forum was held on October 28, 2021. The event featured keynote speakers Andy Slavitt (former Senior Pandemic Advisor to President Joe Biden’s COVID-19 pandemic response team) and Mike Leavitt (former United States Secretary of Health and Human Services).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "On December 20, 2021, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare launched its COVID-19 Vaccination Certificate Application using the SMART Health Card.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "By January 2022, about 80% of Americans who had received a COVID-19 vaccine had access to a SMART Health Card through their state governments, local businesses, universities and healthcare systems.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "SMART Health IT is based out of the Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP) at the Boston Children's Hospital. CHIP's related projects include Apache cTAKES, Genomic Information Commons, HealthMap, and VaccineFinder.", "title": "Participants" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The SMART Health Card's project sponsor is HL7 International's Public Health Work Group, consisting of representatives from Allscripts, the Altarum Institute, Tennessee Department of Health and Washington State Department of Health.", "title": "Participants" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Official registries of authorized SMART Health Card issuers are maintained by SMART Health IT, the Vaccination Credential Initiative, and the CommonTrust Network. Authorized issuers include:", "title": "Participants" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Upgraded Points is a website that provides information and resources related to travel and credit card rewards.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Upgraded Points was launched by Alex Miller in 2016. The company is headquartered in Austin, Texas.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The company provides travelers with information and strategies to help users maximize their travel, points, miles and rewards.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Upgraded Points website features content such as informational guides, reviews, and recommendations on credit cards, airline loyalty programs, and hotel chains.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "David Amsel Meyer (19 September 1755 - 30 August 1813) was a Danish businessman and financial advisor to the Danish governement. In 1780, he became the first Jewish member of Grosserer-Societetet.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Meyer was born in 19 September 1755 in Copenhagen, the son of merchant Amsel Jacob Meyer (Hausen) (c. 1728-98) and Brendel Meyer (died 1763). His father was after the mother's death married to Hitzelia Meyer (c. 1746-1819). Meyer received a very poor aducation but showed an unusual gift for mercantile business. With substantial credits from relatives in Altona and Amsterdam, he was quickly able to establish a thriving wholesale business. It was overseas trade and exchange transactions that were his speciality. In 1780, after considerable opposition, he was the first Jew to acquire citizenship as a wholesale merchant (grosserer) in Copenhagen. In 1793, together with his nephew, he formed the large trading house Meyer & Trier. With great ease he overcame the losses caused by the Copenhagen Fire of 1795,, and after some difficulties they also managed the great trade crisis in 1799, which also reached Copenhagen from England via Hamburg. Shortly thereafter, Meyer started to act as a financial advisor to the Danish government.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Meyer owned the property at Frederiksholms Kanal 5 and the La Fontaine House in Gentofte north of the city.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In Aapril 1776 in Altona, ;eyer married to (Jochebed) Jacobine Meyer (c. 1754-1843). She was the daughter of financier Israel Jacob Meyer (died 1802) and his first wife Edel Minden (died 1782). He was the maternal uncle of businessman Ernst Meyer (1797-1861).", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Federal Pacific Electric was an eletrical poducts manufacturer based in Newark, New Jersey. The company produced a line of circuit breaker equipment called Stab-Lok that was used extensively in residential and commercial contruction starting in the 1950s. The product design was flawed and had a high failure rate.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Its offices were located at 150 Avenue L at Herbert Street in Newark, New Jersey.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "52°14′23″N 21°1′12″E / 52.23972°N 21.02000°E / 52.23972; 21.02000", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Faculty of Archaeology, University of Warsaw (WAUW) is a faculty of the University of Warsaw, established on September 1, 2020, through the transformation of the Institute of Archaeology, which operated as part of the now-defunct Faculty of History. The Faculty is based in the Szkoła Główna Warszawska building.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Faculty of Archaeology at the University of Warsaw, the largest archaeological institution in Poland, comprises 17 departments and 7 laboratories with a staff of about 100. The Faculty provides education in various branches of modern archaeology and related sciences to over 1500 students from various fields of study: Ancient Egypt, Ancient America, Classical Archaeology, and Ancient Near East. The Archaeology program at the University of Warsaw is placed between 51st and 100th worldwide in Quacquarelli Symonds World University Ranking (QS)", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The beginning of the archaeological investigations at University of Warsaw is related to establishing the Numismatic Cabinet (Gabinet Numizmatyczny) at 1816 and Cabinet of Ancient Curiosities (Gabinet Starożytnych Osobliwości)(1926) at former Royal University of Warsaw (1816-1831). The collections have been merged in 1877. Although there was no formal archaeological institute, a number of archaeologists and antiquarians who were important in the formation of Polish archaeology, were active in Warsaw or worked at the university: Erazm Majewski, Kazimierz Stołyhwo, Stefan Krukowski, Leon Kozłowski, Ludwik Sawicki or Marian Hinner.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first section, the Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, was created in 1919 in Staszic Palace, and was headed by Erazm Majewski. After E. Majewski's death in 1920, his successor was Włodzimierz Antoniewicz - the dean of the Faculty of History in 1934/35 and Rector of the University of Warsaw in 1936/37. In 1931, the Section of Classical Archaeology was created, led by the Polish egyptologist Kazimierz Michałowski.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Over the years, new chairs and departments were established, such as the Department of Slavic Archaeology, the Department of Archaeology of Antiquity, the Department of Ancient Archaeology (later transformed into the Department of Prehistoric and Early Medieval Archaeology), and a Department of Anthropology. After Włodzimierz Antoniewicz, the department was headed by Zofia Wartołowska and Witold Hensel. At the beginning of the 1960s, Kazimierz Michałowski, Zofia Podkowińska, Zbigniew Sochacki, Bronisława Chomentowska, Maria Miśkiewicz, Andrzej Kempisty, Jerzy Gąssowski, Andrzej Wierciński, Stefan Karol Kozłowski and Janina Rosen-Przeworska were among the most prominent members of the staff.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1975 the Departments of Prehistoric and Early Medieval Archaeology, Papyrology and Mediterranean Archaeology were merged to form the Institute of Archaeology, as a part of Faculty of History at the University of Warsaw, with Waldemar Chmielewski as its first director. The institute was appointed from three departments: Prehistoric and Early Medieval Archaeology, Papyrology, and Mediterranean Archaeology, and then devided into seven sections.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2020, the Institute of Archaeology was reshaped into Faculty of Archaeology, and headed by Bartosz Kontny.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 59th Guldbagge Awards ceremony, presented by the Swedish Film Institute, to honor the best Swedish films of 2023 and will take place on 15 January 2024 at Cirkus in Stockholm, Sweden. The ceremony will be televised by SVT and hosted by actress and singer Shima Niavarani.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The nominations were announced on 13 December 2023. Drama film Shame on Dry Land led the nominations with nine, followed by Hammarskjöld and Opponent with seven.", "title": "Winners and nominees" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gorgasus (in Greek: Γόργασος) was a famous ancient Greek painter who, along with the equally renowned Damophilus, undertook the decoration of the temple of the goddess Ceres (identified with the Greek Demeter) on the Aventine Hill in Rome, which faced the Great Hippodrome. The exact dating of the Greek artists' work in the temple is not possible. If the Damophilus mentioned is the same Damophilus from Himera in Sicily, who taught the well-known sculptor Zeuxis, their artwork might actually be from much later than when the temple was built in 496 BC, like about 40 years later.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gorgasus was the proponent of Greek art in ancient Italy, where, until his time, Etruscan art seemed to dominate, as mentioned by Pliny. Gorgasus' technique was plastic and dry painting or painting on clay relief plaques.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 31 BC, when the temple was destroyed by fire, these plaques of Gorgasus were saved and later, when the temple was renovated under Emperor Augustus, they were repositioned in their original place, protected within frames (cornices).", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hafez Saleh Ahmad Takreem (born: 31 December 2008) is a Hafez of Quran from Bangladesh. He won first place in the 38th Iran International Hifzul Quran Competition held in Tehran, Iran in 2022 at the age of 13. Also, in 2020, he won the Hafezul Quran Competition organized by Banglavision Television in the month of Ramadan.Hafez Saleh Ahmad Takrim participated in the 42nd King Abdulaziz International Hafezul Quran Competition held in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 2022, in which 153 Hafez from 111 countries participated. In the fourth category of the competition, Hafez Saleh Ahmad Takrim won the third place and won a prize of 1 lakh riyals. Takrim won the first place in the 26th edition of the Dubai International Quran Competition in 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hafeez Saleh Ahmad Takreem was born on December 31, 2008 in Syed Bari of Umarpur village of Shailjana Union in the remote Char region of Jamuna River under Chauhali Upazila of Sirajganj District; Later, after the river broke down in Karalgras on Yamuna, he shifted and is living permanently at Bhadra village of Nagarpur police station in Tangail district. His father Hafeez Syed Abdur Rahman is a madrasah teacher by profession, teaching in a reputed madrasah in Savar and his mother is a housewife.", "title": "Early Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Steve Swiontek is an American politician. He is serving as a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 10th district, alongside Hamida Dakane. He is a member of the Republican Party.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pizza kebab Vol. 1 is the fourth studio album by Italian rapper Ghali, released on 1 December 2023 by Sto Records, Warner Music and Atlantic Records.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The album peaked at number 5 of the Italian single chart.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nazimabad Town (Urdu: ناظم آباد ٹاؤن) is an administrative subdivision within Karachi, Pakistan that lies in the northern part of the city. Itis named after the suburb of Nazimabad, which is named after the second Governor General of Pakistan Khawaja Nazimuddin. It is formed in January 2022 as part of Karachi Central District, and is subdivided into 7 union councils.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tip on a Dead Jockey and Other Stories is a collection of short fiction by Irwin Shaw published by Random House in 1957.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The stories in his fifth published collection are reflective of Shaw's \"voluntary exile\" in Paris in the post-war years, and the experiences of his fellow American expatriates in Europe. The title piece \"Tip on a Dead Jockey\" is among Shaw's most admired short stories.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The story was adapted to a film of the same name by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1957 and starring Robert Taylor and Dorothy Malone.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Those stories first appearing in a literary magazine are indicated.", "title": "Stories" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hubert Saal in the Saturday Review regards the collection to be a retreat from Shaw's earlier achievements in short fiction. He describes the stories as uniformly \"humorless, unhappy and concerned with failure\" and attributes this to Shaw's demoralization by the Cold War and its threat of nuclear annihilation. Saal reserves praise for only two pieces, \"And Then There Were Three'\" and \"A Wicked Story\" which are \"very good, indeed.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Writing in Midwest Quarterly, critic William Startt notes that in terms of form and style, the stories in Tip on a Dead Jockey are equal in quality to Shaw's early short fiction. Startt adds this caveat:", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "[T]he old intimate glow and the compassionate analysis of people and themes familiar to both the author and his readers are gone...Often passages in his stories sound more like ersatz (italics) Hemingway than Shaw.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Acknowledging that \"Shaw is not a Hemingway imitator,\" Startt locates the \"main fault\" in these stories in that they are \"too bad to praise and too good to criticize.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Literary critic James R. Giles reports that the stories in Tip on a Dead Jockey expose \"a disturbing shift in focus and emphasis\" in Shaw's thematic concerns. Giles attributes this to Shaw's increasing personal wealth and his association with affluent Americans expatriates in Europe in the post-war period: \"t has become commonplace to assert that in leaving America Shaw turned his back on the cultural roots essential to the vitality of his writing.\" As such, Shaw's work became \"less representative\" of working class struggles dramatized in works informed by the Great Depression.", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Shaw's \"voluntary exile\" from the United States and his extended sojourn in Paris, France may have been prompted by the The Red Scare and the \"McCarthy witch hunts\" of the 1950s. Shaw ultimately resided for 25 years in Paris, during which \"he began to write a new kind of short story.\"", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Giles notes that \"these expatriate stories largely abandon the social protest underlying his earlier fiction.\" Rather than making overtures to his readership to embrace an enlightened leadership, Shaw abandoned these ideals with the rise of the anti-Communism campaign led by the advocates of McCarthyism in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Giles writes:", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "[T]he expatriate stories work from a different kind of moral basis; they are very much in the tradition of Henry James in their depiction of innocent Americans bringing harm to themselves or others in sophisticated Europe.", "title": "Theme" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kurilsky may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Super King Markets is an American supermarket chain located in the Greater Los Angeles region. As of 2016, Super King Markets gained more than 1,600 team members and as of 2020, have 8 locations in total. Super King Markets is headquartered in Los Angeles, California.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Super King Markets, which at the time was called Anaheim King Market, was founded in 1993 by the Fermanian family in Anaheim, California. In 2009, Super King Markets was selected for having the \"Best Ethnic Deli Counter\" by LA Weekly. In February of 2016, Super King Markets won the Unified Grocers' Ben Schwartz Retail Grocery Visionary Award. In 2019, Super King Markets had around 200,000 customers per week.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Super King Markets has supermarkets at the following locations:", "title": "Locations" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sensazione ultra is the third studio album by Italian rapper Ghali, released on 20 May 2022 by Sto Records, Warner Music and Atlantic Records.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The album peaked at number 2 of the Italian single chart and was certified gold.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Marquis de Riestra street is a central street in the Spanish city of Pontevedra, in the first expansion zone of the city in the 19th century, running longitudinally parallel to the Palm Trees Park on its eastern side. It is one of the main streets in Pontevedra city centre.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Since 1950, the street has been dedicated to José Riestra López, the first Marquis of Riestra (1853-1923), a great benefactor of Pontevedra. Among other initiatives, he was responsible for bringing electricity to the city in 1888 and the tramway in 1889, as well as various factories and businesses (the first electricity factories in Galicia in 1888 in Verdura square and the first ceramics factory in 1895 in La Barca, as well as the Riestra Bank), improving the city's streets and supporting the construction of institutional buildings. He devoted part of his capital to the city and also donated his manor house and estate at A Caeira for conversion into a large hospital for soldiers repatriated from Cuba and the Philippines following the Spanish-American War.", "title": "Origine of the name" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1853, what is now Marquis de Riestra Street was a road that led from the old St Dominic's Gate of the Pontevedra walls in the España Square to the Saint Joseph's field in what is now the Saint Joseph's Square. From this date onwards, with the first expansion of the city, this road was progressively urbanised, until it was finally consolidated as a street around 1880, forming part of the first expansion of the city outside the old fortified area. Pontevedra City Council put up for sale the line of plots of land opposite Riestra Street that came from the Dominican estate, which had been acquired by auction.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 21 December 1880, the Pontevedra City Council decided to name the street that runs from the Alameda Gardens to the end of the old Fairground after the liberal politician Francisco Antonio Riestra Vallaure (father of the Marquis), who died in Madrid, for his enterprising spirit and for having carried out most of the city's initial expansion work from 1860 onwards.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In these new areas of Pontevedra's first expansion, buildings were erected which, through their form and function, reinforced the bourgeois restoration project, representing the new Pontevedra. In 1896, the publisher, journalist and politician Andrés Landín Varela built a building at number 7, on the ground floor of which he set up a printing works and bookshop, as well as his home on the first floor. In 1905, Manuel Martínez Bautista, a Cuban indiano, completed work on the Villa Pilar mansion on the left-hand side of the street (with a rear façade overlooking the Palm Trees Park).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1927, the demolition of the premises of a garage on the right-hand side of the street was imposed to allow the new General Gutiérrez Mellado Street, which led to Riestra Street from Michelena Street, to be fully opened up. The last houses blocking the opening of the new street had already been expropriated and demolished in May 1927, although the garage premises on Riestra street were not demolished until 1930.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1950, the street was renamed Marquis of Riestra, a title granted by King Alfonso XIII to José Riestra López on 4 February 1893 by royal decree. The Riestra passageway from Michelena street was named Marquise street, in reference to the wife of the Marquis of Riestra, María Calderón Ozores, daughter of the Count of San Juan. In 1965, the Vázquez Lescaille galleries were opened, from General Gutiérrez Mellado Street to Marquis of Riestra Street.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2006, the first section of the street, from the España Square to General Gutiérrez Mellado Street, was renovated and made pedestrian-friendly.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Marquis de Riestra is a 260-metre-long street located in the city's first urban expansion zone, which follows a north-south-east axis and is divided into two sections: a paved pedestrian section from España Square to General Gutiérrez Mellado Street and another section facing south-east from Gutiérrez Mellado Street to Saint Joseph Square, which has two pavements and a central lane for traffic.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It is an essentially flat street, with an average width of 11 metres. The pedestrianised Marquise Street, Gutiérrez Mellado Street on the right-hand side and the small streets of Fray Tomás de Sarria and Enrique Labarta on either side of the garden of the Villa Pilar mansion converge here from north to south..", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "This is a very commercial and service-oriented street, with numerous shops, cafés and bank branches. At the beginning, at the junction with Gran Vía de Montero Ríos, is the apse of the Gothic ruins of the former convent and church of Saint Dominic, next to a stone calvary that stood in the forecourt of the former medieval church of Saint Bartholomew before it was demolished.. In the middle of the street is Villa Pilar, an eclectic mansion built in 1905.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "At the beginning of Marquis de Riestra Street, the ruins of the Saint Dominic Convent are the remains of a 14th-century Gothic convent and church. Today, along with five other buildings, they form the Provincial Museum of Pontevedra and were declared a Site of Cultural Interest in 1895. Only the apse remains, with five apsidal chapels corresponding to the transverse arm of the transept, which are the purest example of Gothic architecture in Galicia.", "title": "Outstanding buildings" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "At number 11, the Villa Pilar mansion is located. Construction began in 1899 and was completed in 1905. The building is in the eclectic, Art Nouveau style, with three storeys and a single body. It has a semi-basement, three floors and an attic. Its architectural features include continuous bossages and English-style balustrades on all the concrete balconies, a highly innovative feature for the time. The building blends harmoniously into its surroundings, as it is surrounded by a small private garden with palm trees, enclosed by a wrought iron gate. Access to the interior of the building is via Carrara marble staircases on the first floor and wooden staircases on the subsequent floors. The layout of the various floors reflects the lifestyle of the late 19th-century bourgeoisie.", "title": "Outstanding buildings" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The row of stone houses between the ruins of the Saint Dominic convent and the Villa Pilar mansion, between numbers 13 and 21, are typical of the first expansion of Pontevedra in the 19th century, like those on Oliva Street. They have a ground floor and two upper floors, with balconies on the first floor and galleries on the second, or with balconies on both floors.", "title": "Outstanding buildings" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "At number 3 of Marquis de Riestra Street, on the corner of Pastor Díaz Street and with the main entrance at number 7 of Arquitecto de la Sota Street, stands a 7-storey rationalist residential building designed by architect Alejandro de la Sota in 1970, which is unique in Galicia.. The brownish concrete building incorporates galleries on its façades, has an entrance reduced to its essential lines and has attic space surrounded by a garden.", "title": "Outstanding buildings" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "At number 30 of the Oliva street, on the corner of the Marquis de Riestra street, stands a 1930 rationalist building designed by the architect Emilio Salgado Urtiaga.", "title": "Outstanding buildings" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Raymond George Young (14 March 1934 – 27 December 2022) was an English professional footballer who played as centre-half, most notably for his hometown club Derby County.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Young started his career as junior playing for the England schoolboys football team, before joining Derby County's youth setup in 1949. Derby had high hopes for the player and he was seen a possible successor to Leon Leuty. Young played in the Derby's Colts team and signed professional terms with the club in March 1951.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After progressing into the reserve team, he had to wait several years to make his senior debut, which happened following the arrival of manager Tim Ward, who replaced Harry Storer. Young's style of play better suited Ward's tactics, who promoted him as a first team regular. His senior debut came in a Second Division match against Doncaster Rovers on 16 April 1954, a game which Derby won 3–1. After his first few senior games, Mark Eaton, writing for the Evening Telegraph, praised Young as being a \"bright spot\" within the central defence position, remarking that he believed Young's performances suggested that he could become a \"stylish and dominating centre-half\". Young was initially a part-time player for Derby, as he was also in the army, stationed at Aldershot Garrison. His national service call-up had been deferred by two years.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Derby hierarchy expected Young to hold down a regular slot in the team at centre-half, however for the majority of his career he struggle to do so and it was towards the end of his career where this occurred. His main weakness were lack of pace and being prone to errors by sometimes playing too causally. He fell behind the more physical players of Martin McDonnell and Les Moore, who were ahead in the pecking order.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Young won the Third Division North in 1956–57 and left the club in September 1966, after losing his place to Bobby Saxton. He made a total of 268 starts and 1 substitute appearance for the club, scoring 5 goals.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Young joined Heanor Town in September 1966 on a free transfer, after turning down an opportunity to join Hartlepool United, as well as several offers from other clubs. Young had been hopeful of remaining a league football player, and had an assurance from Heanor Town that they would not block any potential transfers to a league club if the opportunity arose.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "He ended his football career at Burton Albion, joining them in May 1967. Albion had tried to sign him midway through the previous season, however his former club Heanor Town set a release price of £1,000. Albion released Young at the end of the season. He played for the first team, though lost his place towards the end of the season.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Outside of football, Young was a keen golfer, as well as playing cricket and badminton. In 1960, he was selected by Cheadle Hulme cricket club to play for them professionally for that season. He also completed an apprenticeship in plumbing. He had two children with wife Jean, a boy and a girl.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Young died on 27 December 2022 aged 88, at Derby's Florence Nightingale Community Hospital. His funeral was held in Derby on 30 January 2023.", "title": "Death" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Derby County", "title": "Honours" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Matthew Martin (born 1976) is a choral conductor and organist. In April 2020, he became Precentor and Director of College Music at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge From 2015-2020, he was Director of Music at Keble College, Oxford.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2022, he was commissioned by the Choir of King's College, Cambridge to write a new Christmas carol for their annual Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols; the carol, “Angelus ad virginem”, was based on a medieval Latin text. In 2023, the choir performed his composition of new music for the familiar carol “Adam lay ybounden”.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kudnu is an extinct genus of neodiapsid reptile from the Early Triassic Arcadia Formation of Australia. The type species is K. mackinlayi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The holotype is QM F9181, an anterior section of a cranium with articulated dentary rami, and it was discovered in the Crater, southwest of Rolleston, Queensland. The referred skull QM F9182 is also known. Kudnu mackinlayi was named and described by Alan Bartholomai in 1979.", "title": "Discovery and naming" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kudnu was initially classified within Paliguanidae by Bartholomai (1979). Benton (1985) classified Kudnu within Lepidosauromorpha, while Evans (2003) classified Kudnu within Prolacertiformes, and Evans & Jones (2010) later assigned Kudnu to the Procolophonidae. More recent authors, such as Poropat et al. (2023), consider Kudnu to be a basal member of the Neodiapsida.", "title": "Classification" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The world Kudnu inhabited was still recovering from the recent Permian–Triassic extinction event, and as a result global biodiversity had remained low throughout much of the Early Triassic. The world at this time was generally a hot and arid Environment, reaching a temperature of 50 °C or even 60 °C at times.", "title": "Paleoecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Currently a high diversity of fauna has so far been recorded from the Arcadia Formation that lived alongside Kudnu. This includes a high diversity of amphibians including 14 genera, the archosauriform Kalisuchus rewanensis, the archosauromorph Kadimakara australiensis, the procolophonid Eomurruna yurrgensis as well as an indeterminate Dicynodont.", "title": "Paleoecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "There is also evidence of a diversity of indermitae ichnotaxa based on coprolites.", "title": "Paleoecology" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Camp Castle is a naval base of the German Navy (Now under the auspices of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) located within the Port of Limassol in Cyprus.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The base began operations in 2006 and primarily serves the German Navy and its efforts in the UNIFIL operation in Lebanon after an agreement was made between with the Republic of Cyprus although other nations part of the same operation have docked their ships on base too.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since 2020, the base has increased in significance and has been made a UN base due to the aftermath of the 2020 Beirut explosion and the inability to use it as a result.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In October 2022, the Defense Commissioner of the Bundestag visited the base.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aeroflot Flight 8556 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Sukhumi to Leningrad. It crashed 13 meters short of the runway on approach killing 13 passengers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At 12:45 Moscow time the aircraft began its descent from 10,100 metres (33,100 ft). During the descent the weather deteriorated and heavy rain and a cumulonimbus cloud were present, which was not transmitted to the crew. At 13:05 the plane was at around 200 metres (660 ft) when the descent rate was increased to 7.5 m/s and the aircraft slipped below the glideslope. At this time the controllers were replaced in a violation of procedure. The crew noticed they were below the glideslope so they increased engine-power and initiated a climb. The approach continued however and the rate of descent again reached 7 m/s. At an altitude of 20 metres (66 ft) the crew realized the danger and tried to stop the descent, but the aircraft struck the ground 13 meters short of the runway. The landing gear collapsed and the fuselage broke into three pieces.", "title": "Accident" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The approach was destabilized due to a number of factors. The actions of the crew were inconsistent and uncoordinated. There was no assistance from the approach controller in the final stages of the flight. The accident could have been avoided had the pilots initiated a go-around once they realized the approach was unstable.", "title": "Causes" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Aeroflot accidents and incidents in the 1990s", "title": "See also" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "List of accidents and incidents involving the Tupolev Tu-154", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses” is a work of short fiction by Irwin Shaw, originally published in The New Yorker in 1939 and first collected in Sailor off the Bremen and Other Stories (1939) by Random House.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The story is widely recognized as one of Shaw’s finest short stories.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The story is presented from a third-person omniscient point-of-view, and set in New York City on a sunny day in autumn. Michael and Francis, a young, affluent married couple, take a Sunday morning stroll along Fifth Avenue. The wife wishes to forego an invitation to a private party which promises to be fueled by alcoholic beverages; she prefers to spent the day with her husband. She suggests they attend a baseball game, have dinner at Cavanagh’s afterwards and catch a French film in the evening.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The husband is distracted by the many pretty women promenading along Washington Square, and his wife notices his roving eye: she gently chastnes him, and he protests his innocence. Francis interprets Michael’s habitual girl-watching as a potential precursor to infidelity. Michael demures, and assures her he has not cheated on her during their five years of marriage. Francis in turn informs him that she has never desired another man since their second date.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The couple stop in a bistro and order drinks. A protracted debate ensues. Michael explains his penchant for watching women as a healthy avocation. Francis begins to weep, and begs him not to discuss the merits of other womens’ attractiveness. They order more drinks, and decide that they will after all accept the invitation to the party. Michael admires her physique as she walks to away to make the phone call.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In an interview with Paris Review, Shaw recalled that he wrote both “The Girls in Their Summer Dresses” and “The Sailor off the Bremen” in a single week in 1938, when he was 25-years-old.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Literary critic James R. Giles reports that a number of Shaw’s stories “rank with the most distinguished American short fiction, including The Girls in Their Summer Dresses.”", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Biographer Michael Shnayerson identifies the story as one that “made him famous.”", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Critic Luther Ray Abel in National Review observes that the story “captures [the] fraught dynamic between the sexes well. The tale is dry, painfully cogent, and brief...”", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "New York Times critic Herbert Mitgang wrote:", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Stylistically, Mr. Shaw's short stories were noted for their directness of language, the quick strokes with which he established his different characters, and a strong sense of plotting…He was critically acclaimed for such early short stories as The Girls in Their Summer Dresses.", "title": "Critical appraisal" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren locate the theme in “a serious idea—the failure of love through the failure to recognize the beloved as a person, but as more than a convenience.”", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Critic James R. Giles considers the dialogue key to understanding these two self-involved urbanites:", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "{{blockquote | What one senses most strongly about Michael and Francis’s quarrel is that it is a ritual. Having no real communication, they fall into the quarrel as a way of talk. This impression is conveyed through the fact that neither really listens to the other; it is almost as if speaking often-rehearsed lines in a play.”", "title": "Theme" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Biographer Michael Shnayerson observes the pathos of the couple’s relationship in that “these skirmishes are all the they have between them.” The dialogue itself exposes the “emotional shallowness” of of the marriage.", "title": "Theme" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tape is a 2020 American thriller drama film written and directed by Deborah Kampmeier and starring Isabelle Fuhrman, Tarek Bishara and Annarosa Mudd.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In March 2018, it was announced that Fuhrman was cast as the lead in the film.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film was given a virtual theatrical release on March 26, 2020 and debuted via streaming on Amazon Prime on April 10, 2020.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The film has a 63% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 24 reviews. Matt Fagerholm of RogerEbert.com awarded the film three and a half stars. Joe Friar of The Victoria Advocate awarded the film three stars. Alex Saveliev of Film Threat rated the film a 3 out of 10. Kate Erbland of IndieWire graded the film a C.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, \"Yet even as the film feels up-to-the-minute, it’s been made with a certain threadbare, streets-of-New-York punk feminist mythologizing that may remind you, at times, of the films of Beth B.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter also gave the film a positive review and wrote, \"A hard-hitting psychological drama about an actress who surreptitiously monitors her former assailant and his current prospective victim, Tape benefits from its well-executed thriller mechanics and terrific performances by its three leads.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Jeannette Catsoulis of The New York Times gave the film a negative review and wrote, \"Tape, in short, is a terrible movie about appalling behavior.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Kimber Meyers of the Los Angeles Times also gave the film a negative review and wrote, \"But while Tape is admirable in its aims to frankly explore what happens behind closed doors, it’s less laudable in its execution.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sandy Irani is an American computed scientist. She is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She graduated from University of California, Berkeley . She was a postdoctoral Fellow at University of California, San Diego.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She is a professor at University of California, Irvine. She is Associate Director, of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Day 1 (marketed as Raw: Day 1) is the upcoming second Day 1 professional wrestling event produced by WWE, and the first to air as a television special. It will be held primarily for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw brand division. The event will take place on New Year's Day on January 1, 2024, at the Pechanga Arena in San Diego, California, and will air as a special episode of Monday Night Raw on the USA Network, kicking off WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week. Day 1 was previously held as a pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event on January 1, 2022; an event was planned for 2023 but was canceled.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On January 1, 2022, the American professional wrestling promotion WWE held a New Year's Day pay-per-view and livestreaming event titled Day 1. A second event was planned for January 1, 2023, but was canceled due to a scheduling conflict with streaming partner Peacock. During the December 11, 2023, episode of Monday Night Raw, it was announced that the Day 1 name had been revived for a special episode of Raw, airing on January 1, 2024, on the USA Network. The television special will broadcast live from the Pechanga Arena in San Diego, California. The show will kick off WWE's week-long programming of New Year's-themed shows called New Year's Knockout Week.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The event will include four matches that resulted from scripted storylines. Results are predetermined by WWE's writers on the Raw brand, while storylines are produced on WWE's weekly television show, Monday Night Raw.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At Crown Jewel on November 4, 2023, Seth \"Freakin\" Rollins defeated Drew McIntyre to retain the World Heavyweight Championship. On the following episode of Raw, McIntyre shook hands with Rollins and stated he would earn a future rematch. On the December 11 episode, Raw General Manager Adam Pearce announced that Rollins would face the now villainous McIntyre in a rematch at Day 1.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On the December 4, 2023, episode of Raw, Ivy Nile promised to neutralize Women's World Champion Rhea Ripley if she tried to interfere on behalf of her Judgment Day stablemates, Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions Finn Bálor and Damian Priest against Nile's Diamond Mine stablemates, The Creed Brothers (Brutus Creed and Julius Creed) in their title match. The following week, after Ripley defeated Maxxine Dupri in a non-title match, Ripley and Nile stared each other down. Ripley then vowed to make an example out of Nile, agreeing to put the Women's World Championship on the line agaisnt Nile at Day 1, which was later made official.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On the November 27, 2023, episode of Raw, Becky Lynch stated she had a couple of fights on the horizon. The following week, Nia Jax asked if one of the fights included her, to which Lynch confirmed, referencing when Jax legitimately broke Lynch's nose in 2018. Over the next two weeks, Lynch appeared ready to face Jax, but Jax stated she would fight Lynch on her own terms, ultimately agreeing to face Lynch at Day 1.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On the December 18, 2023, episode of Raw, the team of Natalya and Tegan Nox and the team of Shayna Baszler and Zoey Stark agreed to a match to determine the number one contenders for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, which was scheduled for Day 1.", "title": "Production" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Cara Italia\" is a song by Italian rapper Ghali. Produced by Charlie Charles, it was released on 26 January 2018 and later included in the 2020 re-issue of the debut studio album Album.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The song peaked at number 1 of the Italian singles' chart and was certified triple platinum.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The music video for \"Cara Italia\", directed by Iacopo Carapelli, was released on 27 January 2018 via Ghali's YouTube channel.", "title": "Music video" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zeina Karam is a Lebanese journalist with Associated Press (AP). Since 2022 she has been AP's deputy news director for Europe.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Karam gained a degree in political science and public administration from the American University of Beirut. She started covering the Middle East for AP in 1996. In 2011 she was one of the first foreign reporters to enter Syria as the Arab Spring erupted.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2014 she became AP Beirut bureau chief, overseeing text coverage of Lebanon and Syria. In 2016 she became news director for Lebanon, Syria and Iraq.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Karam was a contributor to the 2019 anthology Our Women on the Ground: Essays by Arab Women Reporting from the Middle East. Her contribution, reflecting on the experiences of those who saw Syria descend into civil war, asked the question \"Did we do them all justice in our reporting?\".", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 Supercopa de España Femenina will be the fifth edition of the current Supercopa de España Femenina, an annual women's football competition for clubs in the Spanish football league system that were successful in its major competitions in the preceding season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Barcelona are the defending champions after they defeated Real Sociedad in the previous edition, to win the competition for a record third time. The competition will be held at the Estadio Municipal de Butarque in Leganés", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The draw for the competition was held on 29 December 2023.", "title": "Draw" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The competition will feature both finalists of the 2022–23 Copa de la Reina, as well as the next two highest-ranked clubs at the 2022–23 Liga F that had not already qualified through the cup final.", "title": "Qualification" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The following four teams qualified for the tournament.", "title": "Qualification" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Poltavska (Ukrainian: Полтавська) may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Bristol City Council election is scheduled to be held on Thursday 2 May 2024, alongside the other local elections in the United Kingdom, which are being held on the same day. It will elect all 70 councillors to the Bristol City Council for a four-year term.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At the previous election, which was held in 2021, Labour lost 13 seats, meaning that the council fell under no overall control.", "title": "Background" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dicheniotes enzoria is a species of tephritid or fruit flies (Tephritidae); it was previously placed in the genus Pediapelta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Uganda.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nightmare 2: The Nightmare Continues (Finnish: Nightmare 2 – painajainen jatkuu) is a 2014 Finnish horror thriller film directed by Marko Äijö. Like its predecessor, the film is based on Finnish soap opera television series Salatut elämät.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Filming of the film began in May 2014 and lasted until Midsummer. Filming lasted a total of four weeks, one week of which was filmed at the Tervaniemi Manor area in Tervakoski, Kanta-Häme. The film's final production budget was €591,000, of which the Finnish Film Foundation's share was €290,000. The film's distribution company SF Film received €80,000 in marketing and distribution support from the Finnish Film Foundation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Like its predecessor, the film was poorly received by critics. Many gave the film only one star, but Aki Lehti from former Dome.fi site went even further without giving any stars, describing watching the film as \"pure torture\" and that the film \"drowns its actors and audience in shit.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Jiri (Mikko Parikka) has established a summer bar on a holiday resort island, where he invites his friends, including Peppi (Sara Parikka), to spend the weekend. The horrors that happened earlier on the wedding cruise come back to haunt Peppi's mind when it turns out that Sampo Kaukovaara's sister Aino (Jasmin Voutilainen) is working for the summer in a local cottage village. In addition, with the strange things happening on the island, Peppi realizes that the nightmare is not over yet.", "title": "Plot" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mohammed Sinwar (Arabic: محمد السنوار, born September 16, 1975) also sometimes spelled Mahmoud Sinwar, is a leader of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas, based in the Gaza Strip. His brother is the head of the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip, Yahya Sinwar. He spent several years in Israeli jails in the 1990s and became the leader of Hamas' Khan Younis Brigade in 2005. He has been subject to several assassination attempts by Israel.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mohammed Sinwar was born in the Khan Yunis refugee camp in 1975. Sinwar's family was expelled or fled from Al-Majdal Asqalan (Ashkelon) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He joined the military movement of Hamas in 1991.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2005, Sinwar became the commander of Hamas' Khan Younis brigade. He was a participant in the abduction of Gilad Shalit in 2006. Shalit was eventually released in 2011 in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners, one of whom was his brother Yahya Sinwar.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mohammed Sinwar was subject to six assassination attempts by Israel in the past, with the most recent being in May 2021. Hamas had announced that he had died in 2014 during the Israel-Gaza War but this was later found out to be incorrect information. Sinwar had presumably been hiding in the tunnels underneath the Gaza Strip.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2023, Mohammed Sinwar is believed by Israeli intelligence to be one of the masterminds of the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7. Israel has made him one of the most wanted men in its' military operation in Gaza, placing a $300,000 bounty on information of Mohammed Sinwar's whereabouts. He is reportedly a close confidant of his brother, Yahya Sinwar, during the war.", "title": "Military career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cara Nnenya Hailey (CAH-ruh KNEEN-yuh HAY lee; born 23 February 1994) is an American hurdler specializing in the 400 metres hurdles. She won the gold medal in the 400 m hurdles at the 2011 World U18 Championships.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hailey is from Atlanta, Georgia where she attended Mount Vernon Presbyterian School, winning four Georgia High School Association AAA state championships in the 200 metres and 300 metres hurdles, plus two championships in the 100 metres hurdles.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2011, Hailey won the United States World Youth Trials in the 400 metres hurdles, qualifying her for the 2011 World U18 Championships in Athletics. At the championships, Hailey advanced to the finals as the fastest qualifier and built up a signfigant lead through nine hurdles. Despite hitting the final hurdle, Hailey maintained her lead and won the gold medal in a world U18 leading time of 57.93 -- the second-fastest time ever by a U.S. high schooler behind only Leah Nugent.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Hailey spent the 2012-13 season on the Clemson Tigers track and field team, finishing 3rd in the 400 m hurdles at the 2013 Atlantic Coast Conference outdoor championships. For the remainder of her collegiate career, she transferred to the Arizona Wildcats track and field program. At Arizona, she was a standout athlete achieving NCAA championship appearances in 2014, 2015, and 2016, including 7th and 6th place finishes at the 2015 indoor and outdoor championships respectively.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hailey aimed to make her first Olympic team at the 2021 United States Olympic trials. She finished second to Sydney McLaughlin in her heat in an Olympic qualifying time of 55.05 seconds, but she left the track with unexpected knee issues as the meet was delayed with 92 °F (33 °C) temperatures. Before her heat started, Hailey had to beg spectators in the stands for water, and four consecutive false starts caused McLaughlin's knees to bleed from kneeling on the hot track for so long.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Hailey advanced for the finals and finished 5th across the line, but she was later disqualified.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "the Battle of Zama or Siege of Zama unfolded, pitting the Roman legions under the command of Quintus Caecilius Metellus against Jugurtha's Numidian forces before the besieged city of Zama, which was held by the Roman army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Fatigued by Jugurtha's continuous stratagems, which prevented a lasting confrontation, Marius resolves to besiege Zama. His intention is to compel Jugurtha to engage on open ground, forcing him to come to the aid of his besieged subjects, leading to a battle where escape would be impossible. Jugurtha, informed of the Roman general's plan by a spy, outmaneuvers Marius. Through forced marches, he dispatches auxiliary troops to reinforce Zama, organizing the resistance of the inhabitants. Among all the royal forces, these troops were the most trustworthy, given their inability to betray him.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Furthermore, Jugurtha promises the inhabitants that he will personally arrive at the head of an army when the time is right. With these arrangements in place, he withdraws to well-covered locations. Jugurtha nearly catches Marius off guard, who had been dispatched with a few cohorts to procure provisions in Sicca, a city Jugurtha had abandoned after his defeat. Under the cover of night, Jugurtha swiftly approaches the city walls with a select group of cavalry. As the Romans exit, he attacks them at the gates. Simultaneously, he raises his voice, urging the inhabitants and pledging independence and protection. The presence of their king reassures Jugurtha's soldiers.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Upon Marius' arrival at Zama, and with Metellus having made all appropriate arrangements based on circumstances and locations, he completely invests the area with his army. Metellus instructs each of his lieutenants on the specific positions they are to attack and then gives the signal. Simultaneously, a loud cry resonates along the entire line. The Numidians await the assault, and the attack commences.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "While the battles intensify beneath the walls of Zama, Jugurtha, leading a sizable force, unexpectedly attacks the Roman camp from the rear. Those in charge of its defense were negligent and unprepared for an assault. Jugurtha swiftly breaches the camp, causing panic among the Roman soldiers. Some flee, others grab their weapons; most fall either killed or wounded. According to Sallust, \"only 40 soldiers, true to the honor of the Roman name, form a compact group and seize a small elevation, from which the most sustained efforts cannot dislodge them.\"", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Metellus is at the height of his attacks when he hears Numidian cries behind him. Turning abruptly, he witnesses Roman fugitives heading in his direction. Immediately, he dispatches Marius toward the camp with all the cavalry and allied cohorts. According to Sallust, with tears in his eyes, he implores, in the name of their friendship and the republic, not to allow such an affront to be inflicted on a victorious army, nor for the enemy to withdraw unpunished. Marius carries out these orders. Jugurtha, entangled within the fortifications of the Roman camp, observing some of his cavalry leaping over the palisades and others squeezing through narrow passages, eventually withdraws to strong positions with considerable losses. Despite not achieving his objective, Metellus is compelled by nightfall to return to his camp with his army.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The next day, before venturing out to attack the stronghold, Metellus commands his entire cavalry to assemble in squadrons in front of the camp's section where Jugurtha had attacked the previous day. The guard of the gates and those of the posts closest to the enemy are distributed among the tribunes. Metellus then advances toward Zama and launches the assault. Similar to the day before, Jugurtha emerges from his ambush and charges at the Roman troops. The foremost soldiers momentarily allow fear and confusion to permeate their ranks, but comrades return to support them. The Numidians inflict devastating blows. Backed by this infantry, the Numidian cavalry, instead of charging and subsequently withdrawing as per their usual maneuver, gallops at full speed through the Roman ranks, breaking and penetrating them. The Romans suffer heavy losses.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The battle concludes with a defeat for the Romans. Metellus places garrisons in the cities that had willingly submitted and withdraws with his troops into the Roman province of Africa.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dicheniotes ternarius is a species of tephritid or fruit flies (Tephritidae); it was previously placed in the genus Pediapelta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kenya, Zimbabwe, South Africa.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kurtis \"Mad Kurt\" Chapman ( December 19, 1997 – December 29, 2023) was an English professional wrestler.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kurtis Chapman was born in Portsmouth in 1997. He grew up with 2 sisters, and was a doting uncle. He made his debut in 2014 for Revolution Pro Wrestling, where he would wrestle throughout his career. He also made appearances for Game Changer Wrestling and Progress Wrestling. He held the Undisputed British Cruiserweight Championship for 154 days.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 29 December 2023, it was reported that Chapman had died. He was 26.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vincenzo Turturro (born 7 October 1978) is a Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who works in the diplomatic service of the Holy See.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Vincenzo Turturro was born on 7 October 1978 in Bisceglie, Bari, Italy. He was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi on 31 October 2003.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He entered the Holy See diplomatic service on 1 July 2009. His diplomatic service includes assignments in the Apostolic Nunciatures in Zimbabwe (2009-2012) and Nicaragua (2012). In 2015, he moved to the Nunciature in Argentina before being appointed to the Section for Relations with States in the Secretariat of State and International Organizations in 2019. Since August 1, 2019, he has served as the personal secretary to Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin. He is fluent in English and Spanish.", "title": "Diplomatic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 29 December 2023, Pope Francis appointed him Titular Archbishop of Ravello and Apostolic Nuncio to Paraguay. In 2024, Turturro will be consecrated as an archbishop.", "title": "Diplomatic career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Golden Nugget Biloxi (formerly the Isle of Capri) is a casino resort in Biloxi, Mississippi. It is the oldest casino built in Biloxi. Along with the Margaritaville Resort Biloxi and the Harrah's Gulf Coast, the trio of casinos make up a district known as \"Casino Row\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The casino was originally built as the Isle of Capri. Following the introduction to legal gaming in Mississippi, it was the first casino in Biloxi as well as the original Isle of Capri branded casino. Bernard Goldstein originally established the company that would eventually become the Isle of Capri Casinos to build the casino. The company would later expand into other markets.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2005, the casino, but not the hotel, was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.Its Biloxi casino (but not its hotel) was destroyed and its Lake Charles facilities damaged by Hurricane Katrina.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2012, the casino was sold to Fertitta Entertainment to be converted to a Golden Nugget.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "From December 3, 1855 to February 2, 1856, the incoming House of Representatives held an election for speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. After one hundred and thirty-two inconclusive ballots, Nathaniel Prentiss Banks of Massachusetts was elected over William Aiken Jr. of South Carolina pursuant to a temporary rule permitting a candidate to be elected with a plurality of the vote. The election was dominated by debate over slavery and the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and contemporary reaction recognized Banks's victory as the first \"Northern victory\" in the events leading to the American Civil War.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the 1854–55 United States House of Representatives elections, opponents of the incumbent Franklin Pierce administration won a large majority of the seats in the House. However, the anti-administration representatives-elect, grouped together informally as the \"Opposition,\" had little common ground and no common party organization. Five Opposition candidates were formally nominated, but the race soon coalesced around two Opposition figures, Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts and Henry Mills Fuller of Pennsylvania, against Democratic nominee William Alexander Richardson. Banks gained the formal nomination of the Opposition but repeatedly fell short of a majority of the House as many members of the Opposition, primarily Southern nativists or anti-abolitionists, cast their votes for Fuller or other Opposition candidates. On the final day of balloting, members of Democratic minority agreed to the use of plurality voting, having settled on William Aiken Jr., a South Carolina unionist, as a compromise candidate who could win the votes of the southern wing of the Opposition. On the final ballot, Aiken gained most of the dissident Opposition votes but fell three short of Banks.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As of 2023, this remains the longest election for speaker in the history of the United States House, both in terms of ballots and duration, and a record 135 people received votes. Banks remains one of only two Speakers, with Howell Cobb in 1849, elected by plurality.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In May 1854, the 33rd Congress passed the Kansas–Nebraska Act with support from President Franklin Pierce, Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, and pro-slavery Democratic members of the House. The Act repealed the 1820 Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 by establishing a path to statehood for the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowing these new states to permit or prohibit slavery by popular referendum. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was regarded as a major victory for pro-slavery activists, as the two Compromises had previously restricted any further legalization of slavery to lands south of parallel 36°30′ north. The new possibility of slavery north of this parallel inflamed political tensions, especially in the Northern United States, and immediately triggered a trend of political migration to the territories in hopes of influencing the first territorial elections. The political reaction was immediately negative for Pierce and the Democratic Party. Even some pro-slavery legislators and voters, particularly Southern members of the Whig Party, felt repealing the Missouri Compromise was politically reckless and attempting to push slavery by law and force into territories where most settlers predictably were unlikely to want it endangered slavery everywhere, even in the South.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Elections to the House of Representatives were held in thirty-one states for all 234 seats between August 4, 1854 and November 6, 1855. Each state legislature separately set a date to elect members to the House of Representatives before the 34th Congress convened its first session on December 3, 1855.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "These elections were among the most disruptive in American history, bringing the total collapse of the Second Party System. Candidates opposed to the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the administration, included disaffected Democratic voters, won widely in the North from April 1854 through November 1855, but the Whig Party did not reap the benefit. By 1854, most leading national Whigs, e.g., Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, had died, and the party had limited success in recent national elections. The Whigs were associated with big business and seen as elitist and unresponsive to the concerns of the American people over slavery, immigration, industrialization, and monopoly power. Instead, the Whig Party began to disintegrate in all but a handful of states, and new Representatives were elected on a range of oppositional tickets, including the nativist American Party (better known as \"Know Nothings\"), the People's Party in Indiana, the Anti-Nebraska party in Ohio, and the abolitionist Republican Party in Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois and Maine. Many new anti-administration representatives were elected on a fusion ticket with support from multiple parties, and many were political novices who frankly admitted they had not expected to be elected.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Taken together, the opposition parties, including the Whigs and the old anti-slavery Free Soil Party, won an estimated net gain of 69 seats nationwide and made up a sizable majority of the House in the 34th Congress. However, due to the confused and overlapping nature of the anti-Nebraska opposition, contemporaries and historians have had difficulty defining the precise makeup of the 34th Congress. The Congressional Globe failed to list party labels in its opening session guide, and according to historian George H. Mayer, \"When the votes were counted... the Democrats knew that they had lost, but nobody knew who had won.\" The anti-Nebraska coalition also had a wide range of positions on slavery, from abolitionists like Joshua Giddings, to former Whigs sympathetic to the slave-dependent economic order, like Solomon G. Haven. Representatives-elect also varied in the importance they placed on slavery as an issue. Many of the American Party representatives-elect, though opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, prioritized the issue of immigration and were willing to compromise with pro-Nebraska Democrats in order to gain support for immigration restriction or anti-Catholic measures.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "As the 34th Congress prepared to meet in its first session, scheduled for December 1855, tensions between Kansas settlers came to a head in the outbreak of political violence. In a conflict which would later come to be known as \"Bleeding Kansas,\" the status of slavery was violently disputed between anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery Border Ruffians from neighboring Missouri. The settlement of Kansas and especially the activism of emigrant aid companies like the New England Emigrant Aid Company heightened national attention on slavery and Kansas. In June 1855, the national American Party council split over the issue of slavery into its northern and southern wings. As autumn approached, anti-slavery activists and journalists began to congregate in Washington in hopes of organizing the House under an anti-slavery majority. These efforts were boosted on the eve of the opening session, when the administration Democrats adopted a caucus resolution authored by J. Glancy Jones of Pennsylvania which severely denounced nativism and the Know Nothing movement, thus leaving the southern American representatives-elect without any potential coalition partner.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Despite these apparent advantages, organizing anti-slavery men behind a single candidate before the vote failed. Representative-elect Timothy C. Day privately remarked, \"There are about thirty modest men who think the country needs their services in the Speaker's chair. To get rid of this swarm of patriots will take time.\" They could only agree to a resolution presented by Joshua Giddings, to oppose any candidate who was not \"pledged ... to organize the standing committees of the House by placing on each a majority of the friends of freedom.\"", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The speaker is the presiding officer of the U.S. House of Representatives. The House elects its speaker at the beginning of each new Congress (i.e., biennially) or when a speaker dies, resigns, or is removed from the position intra-term. Since 1839, the House has elected speakers by roll call vote. Following an election, there being no speaker, the outgoing clerk summons, convenes, and calls the House to order. They then order and oversee the election of a speaker of the House.", "title": "Process and conventions" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Upon winning election, the new speaker is immediately sworn in by the dean of the U.S. House of Representatives, the chamber's longest-serving member. The new speaker then administers the oath en masse to the rest of the members of the House.", "title": "Process and conventions" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "To be elected speaker, a candidate typically must receive an absolute majority of the votes cast, as opposed to an absolute majority of the full membership of the House. A variation in the number of votes necessary to win a given election might arise due to vacancies, absentees, or members being present but not voting.", "title": "Process and conventions" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Multiple roll calls had been necessary eleven times since 1789. This had happened most recently in 1849, when Howell Cobb was elected by a plurality on the 63rd ballot, a record at the time.", "title": "Process and conventions" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The election for speaker began on December 3, 1855, at the start of the 34th Congress.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "At the opening of the session, George W. Jones of Tennessee moved to proceed viva voce to an election of a speaker.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Before balloting began, candidates were placed into nomination, though a candidate need not be nominated to receive votes or win the election. The candidates placed into nomination were:", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Richardson stood as the formally nominated candidate of the Democratic caucus as leader of the minority. Banks, Campbell, Fuller, and Pennington stood as anti-Nebraska candidates opposed to the extension of slavery, while Marshall stood as a southern, pro-Nebraska American Party candidate. The anti-Nebraska faction split regionally, with Banks leading New England, Campbell leading Ohio and the Great Lakes, and Fuller and Pennington supported by their home states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, respectively.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "From the first ballot, it became clear that the anti-Nebraska majority were completely divided. Seventeen anti-Nebraska candidates polled votes, with none receiving over a quarter of the total. Richardson led the first ballot with 74 votes, with Campbell leading the opposition at 55. Marshall received 39 votes, Banks received 22, Fuller received 18, and Pennington received 7. Two more ballots were taken with similar results. To further confuse matters, four anti-Nebraska Democrats voted with their party for Richardson and three anti-slavery Know Nothings voted for Marshall.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "The first two days of the election were dominated by the search for an anti-slavery candidate. Campbell consistently led the coalition on early ballots but fell well short of a majority, while Nathaniel Banks. Banks, a former Democratic–Free Soil politician, presented as a natural alternative to Campbell, a former Whig. At a general anti-Nebraska conference, the coalition agreed to push Campbell's vote as high as possible and, if it proved he could not be elected, try Banks. If Banks failed, Pennington would be the candidate. Thus, on December 5, the third day of balloting, Campbell reached eighty-one votes but remained thirty short of a majority, as anti-slavery conservatives and anti-Nebraska Democrats refused their support.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "On December 6, before the start of balloting, Thomas R. Whitney withdrew the name of Humphrey Marshall, the southern American Party candidate, from the running. The same day, Campbell's support collapsed as anti-slavery votes scattered to Banks, Pennington, and other candidates.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "On December 7, between the twenty-third and twenty-fourth ballots, Campbell withdrew his name from contention. In a brief speech, he said,", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "\"[It] is obvious to me that it is impossible for my friends to succeed, unless I can perform one of three conditions: to repudiate my well-known principles in reference to slavery; my views on Americanism; or, in some way directly, or indirectly, to make pledges with regard to the forming of committees which will amount to a sacrifice of my self-respect and make me, in my opinion, a fit object for public contempt.\"", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Campbell's bitter withdrawal cast a shadow over the anti-slavery coalition for the remainder of the contest. He was quoted in the New York Herald referring to Banks as a \"dead cock in the pit\" and frequently voted against him on subsequent ballots. His accompanying statement also became a major issue on ensuing ballots, as the minority accused the fledgling Republican Party of attempting to secure the speakership by an improper quid pro quo.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "With Campbell now out of the race, his supporters split further between Banks, Pennington, and others including Felix Zollicoffer of Tennessee and Benjamin B. Thurston of New York. On the twenty-fourth ballot, the first after Campbell's withdrawal, Banks received only forty votes but led the opposition. He gained steadily and, after a night of conferences, emerged on December 8 with one hundred votes. By December 10, he had gained two more, coming within a half dozen of a majority and the speakership. He would remain at that margin for the rest of the contest. As Banks began to stall over the next few days, Pennington supporters claimed their candidate should be given a turn, but on December 14, an anti-Nebraska caucus officially named Banks their nominee.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "With Banks as the nominee, the anti-slavery faction focused on rallying persuadable votes and keeping their ranks closed. Opposition to Banks was not uniform. Some thought him too extreme or too mild on slavery. Others questioned his convictions on other issues, such as nativism or protectionism, or opposed him because of the support he received from the New York Tribune, personal rivalries, or ambition. Banks openly campaigned for support, denying any connection to abolition and repudiating his own past statements expressing sympathy for dissolution of the Union over slavery but reassuring anti-slavery members that he represented \"the strongest anti-slavery district in the United States.\"", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Banks's campaign was headed in the House by Anson Burlingame, Schuyler Colfax, and the three Washburn brothers, Cadwallader, Elihu, and Israel Jr. They planned a three-pronged strategy in Washington to pressure swing votes, which included a letter-writing and telegraph campaign from constituents, personal appeals to representatives-elect from like-minded Banks supporters, and direct lobbying by agents on Banks's behalf. The lobbying efforts were the most controversial prong of the campaign, as opponents accused the Banks men of bribery during and after the election. Though Banks denied any knowledge of bribery, his supporter Horace Greeley privately remarked that the campaign had led him \"to see the utility of rascals in the general economy of things.\" Outside Washington, the Banks strategy was to cast the election not as an inter-party squabble among anti-Nebraska politicians but as a sectional fight over slavery. Journalists and politicians branded the anti-Nebraska men who opposed Banks as \"doughfaces\" and organized anti-slavery conferences to support Banks.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Meanwhile, Fuller abandoned the anti-Nebraska cause entirely. Beginning with Marshall's withdrawal, Fuller began negotiations with Marshall and Richardson supporters in hopes of forming a coalition of pro-Nebraska Americans, administration Democrats, and Fuller's personal friends. By the eighth, most of Marshall's support had shifted to Fuller, who in turn shed his own initial support in Pennsylvania.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "As early as December 10, when Banks peaked at 107 votes, efforts were made to secure his victory without a majority. Representative James Thorington of Iowa, a Banks supporter, offered a resolution \"similar to that adopted at the commencement of the session in 1849,\" that \"if, after the roll shall have been called three times, no member shall have received a majority of the whole number of votes cast, the roll shall again be called, and the member who shall receive the largest number of votes, provided it be a majority of a quroum, shall be declared to be Speaker.\" Though Thorington's motion was withdrawn, the plurality rule was introduced no fewer than fifteen times by Banks supporters during the election.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Other schemes included a proposal that no one \"be allowed to indulge in the use of meat, drink, fire, or other refreshments, gaslight and water only excepted\" until a Speaker was elected and a proposal to vote on each member in alphabetical order until one was approved, which Representative Benjamin Wade objected to as discriminatory against the end of the alphabet.(January 4) Others called longer or continuous sessions, an exhaustive ballot, the appointment of a speaker pro tempore, the collective resignation of all representatives-elect inducing a snap election, or the curtailment or prohibition of debate. Representative Jacob Broom of Pennsylvania sought to curtail debate by proposing a petition to the Supreme Court to request an advisory opinion on the constitutionality of Congressional regulation of slavery in the territories, previewing the upcoming arguments in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "By Christmas, administration Democrats began to discuss support for a continuous session or plurality rule. President Pierce urged the resumption of business, and there was genuine belief in the possibility of a Democratic victory if the Fuller men were forced to choose between Richardson and Banks. However, these efforts died out after Pierce delivered his message without issue.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "On January 9, the House began an all-night session proposed by Democratic leaders, primarily to prevent an election by plurality. Through eighteen hours of debate and balloting, no candidate lost or gained significant footing. At eight o'clock a.m. the next day, with attendance dwindling, the pro-Nebraska men joined to adjourn the chamber.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "Soon after, Fuller supporters seeking to embarrass Richardson and force a fusion behind their candidate called for a \"catechism\" designed to investigate the political views of the three leading candidates on slavery in the territories, the Fugitive Slave Act, nativism, and white supremacy. In their replies, Fuller and Richardson delivered pro-Nebraska responses, while Banks denounced the bill:", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "Each candidate was affected by their responses to the survey. Fuller's gambit paid off, strengthening his hold on the pro-Nebraska Know Nothings while weakening support for his opponents. Richardson's failure to denounce the Wilmot Proviso as an unconstitutional restriction on slavery offended some Democratic loyalists, and three South Carolinians deserted him on the next ballot. Banks was assailed as an \"amalgamationist\" for his views on race, harming his chances at victory, and he eventually publicly recanted his remarks.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Under pressure from President Pierce, administration men sought a compromise. After offers to vote by plurality in exchange for Banks's withdrawal failed, Albert Rust of Arkansas introduced a resolution to force the leading candidates to withdraw. The resolution, aimed at Banks, implied that personal ambitions stood in the way of organization. However, Banks men allied with a half dozen administration Democrats to defeat the motion. With Richardson voting in favor, he was forced to withdraw to save his reputation. Before the start of balloting, Richardson announced that, \"after today my name will be unconditionally withdrawn from the pending canvass for the speakership. ... I hope this course may lead to a speedy organization. I fear that discord will still reign in this Hall, and that history will record the fact as an evidence against our ability for self-government.\" He was succeeded by James L. Orr of South Carolina as the Democratic caucus nominee.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "On January 24, before the start of balloting, Fuller attempted to withdraw his name as well, stating, \"This has been my desire for weeks; I have so expressed myself to my friends.\" Though his support dipped on the initial ballot following his nominal withdrawal, with many supporters voting for James Ricaud of Maryland, the Fuller votes recovered quickly and the balloting returned to its status quo.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "From the time Richardson withdrew onwards, debate focused on the plurality rule, with some administration men who sought to finally organize the House joining Banks men in support.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "On January 30, Thomas L. Clingman of North Carolina moved for elections by plurality, along the lines of the 1849 resolution. Clingman's resolution divided the Democratic Party and the South. He argued that a failure to vote against Banks or Orr in a direct decision in fact meant that the voter \"prefers him, of course, to the other.\" Several Democratic representatives spoke out against the motion. Philemon T. Herbert of California spoke in favor while denouncing those willing to \"clothe [Banks] with power, who but a few days since expressed in their own hearing a doubt as to the superiority of the white man over the negro.\" William W. Boyce of South Carolina denounced \"a single step toward the election of Mr. Banks... as one of the greatest misfortunes that could happen to this country ... as death to the Constitution and the Union.\" The resolution was voted down 106 to 110. The next day, it was reintroduced and failed 108 to 110.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "Sensing that Clingman's resolution and the narrow vote of January 31 meant the plurality rule would soon be adopted, Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia privately proposed to allow the plurality rule to go into effect and substitute William Aiken Jr. of South Carolina before the final ballot. Unlike Orr, Aiken was not an active member of the caucus and had expressed no opinion on nativism, having avoided the caucus in which J. Glancy Jones's resolution was adopted. The Stephens plan gained the quiet support of the southern Know Nothing representatives-elect who had thus far voted for Fuller.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "On February 1, representatives-elect offered several names, including Banks and Stephens, to be elected Speaker directly by resolution. Despite Stephens's plan to spring Aiken's name as a surprise only after a plurality rule was adopted, representatives-elect Williamson Cobb of Alabama and John Kelly of New York offered Aiken as a nominee directly. The Aiken resolution survived a motion to table by a vote of 98 to 117, and though Aiken was defeated by 103 to 110, he received several opposition votes. Though Cobb and Kelly had also cost Stephens the element of surprise, Aiken's total vote and ability to rally pro-Nebraska men and Fuller men raised Democratic confidence. Last-ditch efforts to pass a compromise resolution, including one to appoint Banks, Aiken, and Fuller to vote on a Speaker as a committee of three, failed.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "On February 2, the House floor and galleries were packed as most anticipated the adoption of the plurality rule and the election of a Speaker. The day opened with a motion to proceed under plurality rule was reintroduced by Samuel A. Smith of Tennessee, a pro-Nebraska administration man. Smith argued that while he had voted against the rule before, the results of the previously day demonstrated that \"a well-known man of sound, national principles, under its operation, may be elected.\" The motion was adopted by a vote of 113 to 104, with nine Pierce Democrats and one Fuller man joining the Banks men in the majority.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "The balloting proceeded despite repeated efforts to adjourn, with Banks, Aiken, and Fuller all receiving votes. On the fourth and final ballot of the day, Banks narrowly defeated Aiken 103 to 100. Six northern representatives-elect (Jacob Broom, Bayard Clark, Elisha D. Cullen, Henry Winter Davis, William Millward, and Thomas R. Whitney) held out and voted for Fuller. Four others from Indiana and Ohio (George G. Dunn, John Scott Harrison, Oscar F. Moore, and Harvey D. Scott) voted for Lewis D. Campbell, and John Hickman voted for Daniel Wells Jr. of Wisconsin.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "Though some in the minority claimed that Banks had not been elected until a formal resolution declared him Speaker, debate ended when Aiken asked permission to escort Banks to the chair himself. The formal resolution was soon adopted.", "title": "Election of the speaker" }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "Joshua Giddings, as dean of the House, swore Banks in as Speaker after his election on February 2.", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "Contemporaries immediately began to refer to Banks's election as the \"first Northern victory\" in the emerging sectional conflict over slavery which would lead to the American Civil War. Justin S. Morrill later said, \"This was the first gust, the large pelting drops, that preceded the storm of 1861.\"", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 44, "text": "Opinion was largely divided along sectional lines. In the North and among abolitionists, the election was acclaimed as a long-awaited victory over the Slave Power. Hundred-gun saltues were fired in several New England cities. Joshua Giddings wrote to his daughter, \"On Saturday we were in the wood, the dark and dreary forest was and around us, but on Monday we were in the promised land which flowed with milk and honey.\" Reaction in the South was negative, casting Banks's election as a sectional imposition of Northern will rather than a compromise. Some Democratic unionists took a subdued response. Alexander Stephens called the election the first \"purely sectional\" vote for speaker and noted Banks declined to make a typical pledge to \"save the Union.\" The radical Charleston Mercury editorialized, \"Never will conscience, or justice, or the Constitution, obtrude their voice in the execution of [Banks's] appointed task. The creature of party, and the tool of fanaticism, who can foretell his course?\"", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 45, "text": "William Lloyd Garrison wrote in his Liberator, \"Let us hope that this result is but the first gun at Lexington of the new Revolution. If so, then Bunker Hill and Yorktown are before us! All we have to do is press onward—right onward!\"", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 46, "text": "Historians have noted Banks as the initial symbol of the emerging Republican Party and his speakership as the origin point of the party's institutional organization. Immediately after the election, Giddings remarked, \"We have got our party formed, consolidated and established.\" Thurlow Weed commented, \"This triumph is worth all it cost in time, toil and solicitude ... [for] the Republican Party is now inaugurated. We can work with a will.\"", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 47, "text": "A spatial analysis of the speakership election conducted by Jeffrey A. Jenkins and Timothy P. Nokken concluded that the voting patterns of individual members during the election were predictable from the outset as a function of their respective positions on slavery, whereas nativism had greater variability with any individual member's vote. On the final ballot, the split of the Fuller supporters between Banks and Aiken was highly predictable by both region and position on slavery. Jenkins and Nokken further argue that the organization of the House under Banks's leadership, which placed anti-slavery men (including Giddings, Pennington, Campbell, and the Washburn brothers) at the heads of most influential committees, allowed the Republican Party to operate as a single-issue, anti-slavery coalition before expanding its electoral platform in the critical election of 1860.", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 48, "text": "The election also contributed to the death of the Know Nothing movement in the North, as many anti-Nebraska representatives-elect who prioritized nativism over slavery lost favor, and signaled the decline of the movement in the South as well, having demonstrated that pro-Nebraska Americans would prioritize slavery over nativism.", "title": "Aftermath and legacy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 Northeast Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Northeast Conference held from October 29 to November 5, 2023. The five-match tournament took place at campus sites, with the higher seed hosting matches. The host for the matches was determined by seeding from regular season play. The six-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Fairleigh Dickinson Knights. Fairleigh Dickinson was unable to defend their title, losing to Wagner in the First Round. Central Connecticut went on to win the tournament over Wagner in penalties in the Final. This was the thirteenth Northeast Conference tournament title for the Central Connecticut women's soccer program, eleven of which have come under the direction of head coach Mick D'Arcy. This marks the fifth NEC title in six years for Central Connecticut. As tournament champions, Central Connecticut earned the Northeast Conference's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The top six teams from regular season play qualified for the 2023 Tournament. Teams were seeded based on their regular season records. Tiebreakers were used to determine seeds if teams were tied on regular season record.", "title": "Seeding" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "There were 11 goals scored in 5 matches, for an average of 2.2 goals per match (as of November 5, 2023).", "title": "Statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Source:", "title": "All-Tournament team" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "MVP in bold", "title": "All-Tournament team" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lola Campbell is a British child actress. She made her screen debut in the 2023 British comedy-drama film Scrapper, filmed when she was twelve years-old. For the role she was nominated for breakthrough performance awards at the British Independent Film Awards and by the London Film Critics Circle.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Campbell lives with her family in Sheering, near Bishop's Stortford. She is a pupil at The Leventhorpe School in Sawbridgeworth in Hertfordshire. She had not appeared in a school play before her film debut, but began to record and produce videos in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Campbell auditioned for the 2023 British comedy-drama film Scrapper after one of her mother's friends directed her towards a Facebook casting call for “a bit of a mess about”. Campbell was cast in the film after impressing writer/director Charlotte Regan by acting out a well-known scene from soap-opera EastEnders in which the character Kat Slater tells Zoe Slater “I’m your mother”, with Campbell playing both roles during the audition. She also discussed with Regan her love of the department store Home Bargains. During filming she was twelve years-old. For her role in the film as Georgie, Campbell received critical praise, with Jonathan Romney in The Financial Times describing her as an \"astonishing discovery\" who \"excels\". Claire Shaffer in The New York Times said she played the role \"wonderfully\", and Deborah Ross in The Spectator used \"terrific, fresh, naturalistic, winning\". Campbell appeared opposite Harris Dickinson, who played her estranged father, Jason, and the pair’s scenes together were highly improvised. They were nominated for the Best Joint Lead Performance Award at the 2023 British Independent Film Awards, and she was individually nominated for Breakthrough Performance. She was also nominated for the Young British/Irish Performer of the Year award at the London Film Critics Circle Awards 2023", "title": "Career" } ]

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