Datasets:

---

hpprc

/

enwiki

like 4

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alf Erik Bergstøl Andersen (born 12 August 1973) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Andersen was elected mayor of Mandal in 2015, headking a centre-right coalition with Ingvild Wetrhus Thorsvik as deputy mayor. Following the 2019 election, Andersen had to see Labour's Even Tronstad Sagebakken take over as mayor. Mandal municipality was also incorporated into Lindesnes municipality on 1 January 2020. The 2023 election was the first election in this new municipality, and saw Alf Erik Andersen regain his mayoral title. This time, Even Tronstad Sagebakken was deputy mayor.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In national politics, Andersen was named as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police in 2019. The Progress Party exited Solberg's Cabinet in 2020. Andersen was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway for Vest-Agder in 2021.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Stortingetbio", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Norway-politician-1970s-stub", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lobster-eye optics is an X-ray optics design that mimic the structure of the lobster's eyes and has an ultra wide field of view. It was proposed in 1970s, and first used in the Chinese technology demonstrator Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy launched in 2022. Currently several space telescopes that uses lobster-eye optics are under construction, including Chinese Einstein Probe.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lobster-eye optics mimic the structure of the lobster's eyes, that are made up of long, narrow cells that each reflect a tiny amount of light from a given direction. This allows the light from a wide viewing area to be focused into a single image. The optics is made of microchannel plates (or micropores) — thin, curved slabs of material dotted with tiny tubes across the surface. X-ray light can enter these tubes from multiple angles and is focused through grazing-incidence reflection that gives a wide field of view necessary for finding and imaging transient events that cannot be predicted in advance.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The field of view of a lobster-eye optic, which is the solid angle subtended by the optic plate to the curvature center, is limited only by the optic size for a given curvature radius. Since the micropore optics is spherically symmetric in essentially all directions, theoretically, an idealized LE optic is almost free from vignetting except near the edge of the FoV.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The lobster-eye X-ray optics principle was first proposed for X-rays in the 1979 by Roger Angel. In 1989, physicists Keith Nugent and Stephen W. Wilkins collaborated to develop a lobster-eye optics, independently of Angel. Nugent and Wilkins' key contribution was to open up an approach to manufacturing these devices using microchannel plate technology. The lobster-eye approach opened the way for X-ray telescopes with a 360 degree view of the sky. \"The reason it's got such a high profile is that other X-ray telescopes see a tiny, tiny part of the sky. Although normal telescopes see a small part of the sky, X-ray telescopes see an even smaller part. The beauty (of the new telescope) is that it actually expands that field of view hundreds of times,\" Nugent said.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Lobster-eye optics can be used for backscattering imaging that is a single-sided access technology for homeland security, detection of improvised explosive devices, non-destructive testing, and medical imaging.", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A lobster-eye X-ray satellite was successfully launched on 25 July 2020 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center in China. It was the first in-orbit space exploration satellite equipped with such imaging technology.", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Chinese Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) is a wide-field X-ray imaging space telescope built by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and launched on July 27, 2022, onboard of SATech-01 satellite. LEIA has a sensor module giving it a field of view of 340 square degrees. It is a preliminary mission testing the sensor design for the future Einstein Probe which will use a 12 sensor module Wide-field X-ray Telescope for a 3600 square degree field of view. In 2022 August and September, LEIA carried out a series of test observations for several days as part of its performance verification phase. A number of preselected sky regions and targets were observed, including the Galactic Center, the Magellanic Clouds, Sco X-1, Cas A, Cyg Loop, and a few extragalactic sources. The observations were performed in Earth's shadow to eliminate the effects of the Sun, starting 2 minutes after the satellite entering the shadow and ending 10 minutes before leaving it, resulting in an observational duration of ∼23 minutes in each orbit. The CMOS detectors were operating in the event mode.", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Einstein Probe is expected to be launched in January 2024.", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "NASA's Goddard Space Center proposed an instrument that uses lobster-eye design for the ISS-TAO mission (Transient Astrophysics Observatory on the International Space Station), called X-ray Wide-Field Imager (WFI).", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "SMILE, a space telescope project by European Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is planned to be launched in 2025. Its Soft X-ray Imager will use lobster-eye optics. THESEUS, ESA's proposed space telescope, also includes Soft X-ray Imager.", "title": "Usage" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite web", "Template:PD-notice" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stine Westrum (born 29 May 1977) is a Norwegian trade unionist and politician for the Red Party.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Westrum was a local leader within the Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees. When the Red Party nominated its candidates for the 2021 Norwegian parliamentary election ballot, Westrum received \"whole-hearted\" backing from her union. She was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Oslo for the term 2021–2025. Starting in November 2023, she filled in for Bjørnar Moxnes as he was put on sick leave for mental health issues.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Stortingetbio", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Norway-politician-1970s-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "C.Lalsawivunga is an Indian politician from Mizoram, who is currently the Cabinet Minister for Local Administration, District Council & Minority Affairs, Art & Culture, Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Departments for the Government of Mizoram.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was elected to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly for the Aizawl South 1 Assembly constituency in the 2023 general election as a candidate for the Zoram People's Movement.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "C.Lalsawivunga completed his Bachelors from North-Eastern Hill University in 1992.", "title": "Education" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Council of Ministers of Mizoram", "Template:Mizoram-politician-stub", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Margaret Irene Anderson GM (11 December 1915 – 16 July 1995) was an Australian Army nurse. Anderson was awarded a George Medal for her heroism while caring for the wounded at sea after the invasion of Singapore in 1942. Lieutenant Anderson continued to serve on hospital ships until 1945.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Anderson was born in 1915 in the Melbourne suburb of Malvern. Her parents were Jessie Blanchrie (born Urquhart) and Charles Anderson and they had both been born in Australia. Her father was employed as a driver. She qualified as a nurse in 1940 at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne's suburb of Heidelberg and in the same year she became a staff nurse in the Australian Army Nursing Service.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1941 she was aboard the SS Zealandia which had left Melbourne on 2 November and then arrived in Singapore on 20 November. The ship was escorted by HMAS Sydney which was on one of its last trips. She and Vera Torey, who she had trained with in Heidelberg, were assigned to the 13th General Hospital which was itself moving from Singapore to Tampoi. Their eight-storey building was inappropriate, but during that November, 100 tons of equipment was moved to Tampoi. She and Torey would have been on night duty on 2 December 1941 when they heard what was assumed to be their air force practising night bombing. They were not aware that Japan had joined the war, but very soon the casualties arrived. By 16 January casualties arrived around the clock and all the nurses worked long hours. They heard on the radio that Japanese forces planned to use their building on 26 January.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 8 February the Japanese invasion of Singapore began. In the harbour Empire Star had loaded equipment and stores and over 2,000 people. These people were British and Australian military and 133 army nurses including Anderson. The nurses were members of the Australian Army Nursing Service from two Australian Army Medical Corps hospitals. The ship had set sail with would-be passengers held back at gun point. In fact 139 Australian servicemen were later arrested for travelling without authorisation. Some of the passengers were loaded in jewellery as they all left with what they could.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 12 February, six Japanese dive-bombers attacked the ship and its convoy. Anti-aircraft fire shot down one aircraft and damaged another, which broke off from the attack. The Empire Star was set afire in three places and several people on board were killed. Anderson was among the Australian nurses who tended the wounded below decks. When they thought the attack was over they brought their patients into the fresh air. As aircraft again machine-gunned the ship, Anderson and Veronica (\"Vera\") Torney, threw themselves upon wounded soldiers to protect them from further injury while the ship took \"violent evasive action\".", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In September 1942 numerous members of the ship's company were decorated for their part in the operation. Margaret Anderson was awarded the George Medal and \"Vera\" Torney was awarded the Military MBE. Anderson then returned to nursing in Australia where she had been promoted to be a sister. In January 1943 she joined MS Wanganella which had become a hospital ship in 1941. During 1943 she, like other Australian nurses, was given a military rank and she became Lieutenant Anderson. She was with the Wanganella as it travelled to Italy, New Guinea and hospitals in Australia until August 1945.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After the war she worked as a clerk in Malvern and married Allen Ronald O'Bryan in 1956. She died on 16 July 1995 at Frankston.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Anderson was given several awards in addition to the George Medal including the Pacific Star and the Italy Star.", "title": "Awards" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Sfn", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Last Days at Forcados High School is a fiction debut novel by Nigerian writer A H. Mohammed in 2006 and published in 2013 by Cassava Republic Press. It was one of the books for Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board direct entry exam.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The book portrays the life of Jimi Solade, the popular and intelligent figure in Elite Forcados High School. Written in a secondary school setting displays Jimi's friendship with Nene and Ansa, the art genius and neighbour. Jimi faced trauma as Wole, his trouble extravagant brother is back. The novel explores Efua, the new girl in class who seems to have no time for boys including Jimi. It was unlike her as Jimi’s mother falls ill. He realizes that things are about to change and not necessarily in a good way for Efua whom he later loved.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The book has the theme of self-discovery, family, friendship and tolerance.", "title": "Plot" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dicheniotes aeneus is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in (Tephritidae).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kenya, Tanzania.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "<--", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "-->", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Tephritinae-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Paulin Basinga (PhD, born 15 March 1975), is a Rwandan international health researcher and leader.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dr Basinga is serving as global director at Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation responsible for program advocacy and communication (PAC) based in Seattle, Washington since September 2021. Additional to joining the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2012, he has served at the University of Rwanda in department of Medicine & Health Sciences cumulatively as a lecturer, senior lecturer and visiting professor since 2002. In 2015 and 2016, Dr Basinga was technical advisor to the Rwanda Ministry of Health lead by Minister Agnes Binagwaho in operationalizing program integration within Rwanda Biomedical center (RBC), a Rwanda central health implementation agency established in 2011. He is also currently on boards of, University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda since November 2022, and Global Citizen, New York City since May 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since January 2012, Dr Basinga has worked for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, holding a number of high-level roles. From 2012 to 2014, he was a senior officer in charge of HIV/AIDS efficiency and effectiveness, and from 2014 to 2016, he oversaw integrated delivery. Since September 2017, he served as country director of Nigeria at the same foundation, based in Abuja until September 2020. Later on, he took on the role of Director Health for Africa for the foundation, based in Washington, with extensive travels on the continent, the role he served until his appointment in September 2021.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Dr Basinga was born on 15 March 1975 to Habiyambare Idephonse and Thacienne Kabanyana, he grew up and completed his elementary and secondary education in DR Congo. Dr Basinga with his family were among many Rwandans moved back to Rwanda after 1994 Genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Between 1995 and 2002, Dr Basinga attended former National University of Rwanda renamed to University of Rwanda, he graduated with General Medicine specialty. In 2003, he directly enrolled in Tulane University in United States to pursue a postgraduate degree, and he earned a Master of Science in International Health and Development there in 2006. Dr Basinga continued his enrollment at the Tulane University in 2006 to pursue a PhD in International Health and Development, where he earned the degree in 2009.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Dr. Basinga joined the National University of Rwanda in 2002 as a lecturer in the department of Medicine & Health Sciences, having graduated there with a degree in General Medicine. Subsequently, he was promoted to senior lecturer, since joining Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2012 he is a visiting professor at the university. In addition, he served as the institution's deputy director overseeing research from 2009 to 2011. In addition, he began working as a visiting professor at the University of Washington in 2012; from 2005 to 2010, he held this position at the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Belgium.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In January 2012, Dr Basinga started working for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He started off as the program officer in charge of HIV/AIDS efficiency and effectiveness, based in Seattle, Washington. In this capacity, Dr Basinga supported the HIV/AIDS researches and population-level effectiveness of important treatment and prevention interventions to inform countries and funder investments and normative bodies. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided grants that covered supporting projects mostly in sub-Saharan Africa countries with high HIV/AIDS prevalence, such as South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Uganda, and others. Dr Basinga held this role until November 2013. At the same foundation, he served as senior program officer in charge of integrated delivery from December 2013 until May 2016. In June of the same year, he was promoted to become deputy director of the Integrated Delivery for one year long, based in Seattle, Washington.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In September 2017, Dr Basinga moved from Washington to Abuja when he was appointed as country director of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Nigeria, the named biggest office of the foundation in Africa. While he was in the office, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation pledged to help Nigeria pay the Japan government a $76 million debt. In 2018 and 2019 the foundation recorded each year nearly $200 million grants to Nigeria used in supporting and development of health, nutrition, agriculture, gender, and financial inclusion, in health it is known in supporting the eradication of Polio in Nigeria. Dr Basinga served in Nigeria until August 2020 when he went back to Washington, he was promoted to the position of director of Africa Operations at the headquarters of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with extensive travels on the Africa. Dr Basinga served this position for one year prior to his appointment as global director at Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation responsible for program advocacy and communication (PAC) in September 2021.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Basinga is married to Nathalie Muhoze Furere, the couple has 3 children.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "For list of publications, see Paulin Basinga publications.", "title": "Publications" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Citation" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gabriel & Co. is an American jewelry design house headquartered in New York City, USA. It was founded in 1989. Their offerings include a diverse range of bridal and fine jewelry, notably bracelets, earrings, necklaces, and rings crafted primarily in white, yellow, and rose gold.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gabriel & Co. was founded in 1989 in New York City, USA, by brothers Jack and Dominick Gabriel. Their father, Elias Gabriel, originally a jeweler, operated an antiquities and jewelry store in Lebanon. Upon relocating to the United States, he set up a small jewelry shop in 1987. Subsequently, in 1989, Dominick and Jack ventured into the jewelry wholesale industry, establishing their enterprise within Manhattan's Diamond District.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since 2015, Gabriel & Co. has published an annual Fashion Book magazine, which includes interviews with fashion designers and articles focusing on style. In November 2016, the company launched a podcast series titled Designer Flash, with style director Hal Rubenstein as the host. The company collaborated with various notable fashion designers, among them Tommy Hilfiger, Naeem Khan, Christian Siriano, Adam Lippes, Elie Saab, and Norma Kamali. In 2021, the company launched its first collection of men's fashion jewelry.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In March 2017, on the occasion of International Women's Day, Gabriel & Co. collaborated with the non-profit organization Afghan Hands to host a fundraiser in Midtown Manhattan aimed at supporting Afghan widows. Notable attendees at the fundraiser included Claire Danes, Amy Hargreaves, Nicole Miller, Isabel Leonard, Amy Robach, and Cynthia Nixon.", "title": "CSR" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2020, the company released its charitable collection, the Stronger Together Necklace, and all proceeds were donated to Jewelers for Children to support the National CASA/GAL Association, an organization advocating for court-appointed volunteer advocacy for children. In partnership with the Women's Jewelry Association (WJA), the company provides the Gabriel Love Foundation Scholarship for students in accredited jewelry-making and design programs. In 2020, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Gabriel & Co. created a special sterling silver bracelet engraved with 91>19, symbolizing Psalm 91, and it donated all the proceeds to Jewelers for Children, which supports children's nonprofits. In 2023, its founders Jack Gabriel and Dominick Gabriel were appointed to the boards of the non-profit organizations Diamonds Do Good and Jewelers for Children, respectively.", "title": "CSR" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox company", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Duncan McColl is an American pastor and former professional football player who played for the Washington Redskins.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Selected by the Redskins as their first pick in the 1977 draft, moved to the reserve list in September 1977, and waived in August 1978.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "McColl played college football for Stanford University, following in the footsteps of his father Bill McColl; they are \"the only father-son All-American football combination in Stanford history\". His brother Milt McColl also played, as did nephew Daniel McColl. His daughter Meredith and son Will both played water polo at Stanford.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Redskins1977DraftPicks", "Template:Defensive-lineman-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lalthansanga is an Indian politician from Mizoram, who is currently the Cabinet Minister for Environment Forests & Climate Change, Sericulture, Fisheries, Land Resources, Soil & Water Conservation Departments for the Government of Mizoram.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was elected to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly for the Aizawl East 1 Assembly constituency in the 2023 general election as a candidate for the Zoram People's Movement.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Lalthansanga was previously a member of the Mizoram People's Conference. He was the vice president of MPC, but resigned from the party to join Zoram People's Movement in 2019 .", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Mizoram-politician-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Council of Ministers of Mizoram" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elma is a primarily feminine given name of various origins. As an English name, it is considered a feminine version of the name Elmer, or a combination of the names Elizabeth and Mary, a diminutive form of Wilhelmina and various names ending in -elma, or a variant of Alma, Elmira, or Helma.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The name has been among the 100 most popular names for girls born in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2009 and 2021. It was among the 1,000 most popular names for girls born in Brazil between 1930 and 1980. It was among the 1,000 most popular names for girls born in the United States between 1880 and 1958.", "title": "Usage" } ]

[ "Template:Given name", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Other uses", "Template:Infobox given name" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Imtiaz Ali SI(M), TBt & Bar is a Rear Admiral and Flag Officer in the Pakistan Navy, currently holding the position of Director General Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (DG PMSA).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Imtiaz Ali studied at the National Defence University, Islamabad and Pakistan Navy War College, Lahore, and received his commision to the Operations Branch of Pakistan Navy in 1993.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ali is the commissioning Executive Officer of only OHP Class Frigate, PNS ALAMGIR (ex USS McInerney) in service in Pakistan Navy. He has served as the Commander West (COMWEST), Commander Standing Task Group - 1, Commander 25th Destroyer Squadron and as Commanding Officer of PNS ALAMGIR, and PNS MUJAHID. In staff positions, Rear Admiral Ali has served as Chief Naval Overseer for the 1st OPV Mission in Romania, Director of the Pakistan Navy Tactical School, Naval Liaison Officer at US NAVCENT Bahrain, and Assistant Principal Staff Officer to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee at JSHQ.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In November 2023, he engaged in a bilateral meeting with the Iranian Border Police Commander, Brigadier General Ahmad-Ali Goudarzi. The discussions aimed to enhance border control measures between the two countries through collaborative efforts, including joint patrols and maneuvers. The primary objectives include the prevention of drug trafficking and illegal fishing, as well as ensuring the safety of fishermen at sea.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Rear Admiral Imtiaz Ali is a recipient of Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military). He has also been conferred upon Tamgha-e-Basalat twice.", "title": "Awards and decorations" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox military person", "Template:Ribbon devices", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Pakistan Navy", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Giuseppe Coverlizza (4 August 1914 – 16 December 1945) was an Italian professional footballer who played as a forward in Serie A for Triestina and Liguria. In 1945, he was shot dead by a police officer during a political fight.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "In the early morning hours of 29 December 2023, Russia launched what was seen to be the largest wave of missiles and drones yet seen in the Russo-Ukrainian War, with hundreds of missiles and drones hitting the Ukrainian capital Kyiv and other cities across the country. At least 41 people were reported to have been killed in the attacks, while 160 others were injured.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to Ukrainian officials at least 122 cruise and ballistic missiles and 36 drones were launched, killing at least 41 people and injuring more than 160 in an overnight nationwide attack that lasted up to 18 hours. The Ukrainian Air Force claimed to have intercepted 87 missiles and 27 drones. No Kh-22s were intercepted. Eighteen strategic bombers, including nine Tu-95MS aircraft from Olenya airbase in Murmansk Oblast were also believed to have been used in carrying out the attacks, while some of the missiles were believed to have been launched from Kursk Oblast.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The attack targeted cities across Ukraine, including Dnipro, Kharkiv, Konotop, Kyiv, Lviv, Odesa, and Zaporizhzhia, in what was possibly the largest aerial attack of the Russian invasion thus far. Ukrainian Air Force spokesperson Yurii Ihnat said that \"we have never seen so many targets on our monitors at once.\" Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the attacks destroyed or damaged over 100 private houses, along with 45 multi-story buildings, schools, two churches, hospitals, maternity wards, and numerous commercial and warehouse establishments.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "A spokesperson of the Russian Ministry of Defence said that \"all the designated military targets have been hit\". At the United Nations Security Council, Russian ambassador Vasily Nebenzya attributed Ukrainian casualties to Ukrainian air defenses.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "At least 19 people were reported to have died in Kyiv while 31 others were injured. At least ten people were trapped under a warehouse in the Podilskyi District. Several apartment buildings, warehouses, an office building and a house were also struck. The building of the Lukianivska station of the Kyiv Metro, which also serves as an air-raid shelter, was also damaged in an airstrike, but remained operational during the attack. The station lies across the street from a factory belonging to the Artem company, which produces missile components. There was no information on the factory's condition. In Boyarka, debris from an intercepted drone set fire to a house. At least 30 projectiles were shot down over the capital region.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In Dnipro, a shopping center and a maternity hospital were attacked. Six people, including a child and a police officer, died in the city while 30 others were injured. A house, eight administrative buildings and 24 high-rise buildings were also destroyed or damaged.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In Odesa, falling drone debris caused a fire at a residential building, killing two people and injuring 15, including two children. A total of five people died in the city. while 27 others were injured. 21 residential buildings were also damaged.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In Lviv, one person was killed and 30 others were injured, while three schools and a kindergarten were damaged by drones. Thirteen residential buildings were also damaged. The fatality was later identified as basketball player Viktor Kobzystyi [uk], who played for the national team in the 2001 and 2005 European Basketball Championships and coached several basketball teams including WBC Dynamo Kyiv.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In Kharkiv, three people were killed and 13 others were injured in three waves of missile attacks that damaged a warehouse, an industrial facility, a medical facility and a transport depot.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Nine people were killed in Zaporizhzhia while 13 others were injured. Several industrial facilities were targeted, while a house was destroyed and several multi-story buildings were damaged.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In Cherkasy Oblast, nine people, including a child were injured after a missile struck a residential area in Smila, damaging 51 houses. In Sumy Oblast, three people were injured while an apartment building and a vehicle service station were damaged after a missile struck Konotop.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "According to General Wiesław Kukuła [pl], Chief of General Staff of the Polish Army and the Polish Army's Operational Command, one of the missiles entered Polish airspace from Ukraine near Zamosc for approximately three minutes before it \"turned back\" for Ukrainian airspace, adding that it had travelled about 40 kilometers over the country. The governor of Lublin Voivodeship said that the projectile appeared on radars near Hrubieszow, which hosts a border crossing with Ukraine.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "About 200 police officers where deployed to the area were the missile passed to retrieve possible debris. while four Polish and American F-16 fighter jets, as well as an air tanker were scrambled from Polish airbases due to activities of long-range Russian aircraft. The Polish government also summoned the Russian charge d'affaires Andrei Ordash over the incident.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In his address that evening, Zelenskyy praised the country's air defenses for their efforts to stop the attacks and pledged to strengthen them.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Days of mourning were declared in Zaporizhzhia, Dnipro, and Odesa for 30 December, while the mayor of Kyiv, Vitaly Klitschko, said that a day of mourning would be held in the city on 1 January 2024.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In response to the entry of the Russian missile, Polish prime minister Donald Tusk met with president Andrzej Duda and the country's defense military leadership. Duda later said that there was “no threat at the moment” and nothing to suggest that ”anything bad” could happen in relation to the incident. US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan spoke with the head of the Polish National Security Bureau Jacek Siewiera, to express the “solidarity with Poland”.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "An estimate by Ekonomichna Pravda put the cost of the Russian attack at $1.273 billion.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba said that the attacks were a wake-up call for those debating on continuing support for the country.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "At an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council, assistant secretary-general Mohammad Khiari called the attacks \"appalling\". UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres also said he condemned Russia’s attacks “in the strongest terms” and called on them to end.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "US president Joe Biden said that the attacks highlighted the need to stop Russian president Vladimir Putin and urged the US Congress to pass a proposed military aid package to Ukraine that had been stalled in the legislature. UK prime minister Rishi Sunak said that the attacks underscored Putin's aims to \"eradicate freedom and democracy\", and urged continued support for Ukraine \"for as long as it takes\". The UK government said it was sending 200 air defence missiles to protect civilians and infrastructure.", "title": "Reactions" } ]

[ "Template:Ill", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Current event", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Russian invasion of Ukraine", "Template:Merge to", "Template:Infobox civilian attack" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Caroline Hardaker (1986) is an English poet and novelist. She was born in north-east Engand, and currently lives in Newcastle upon Tyne. Hardaker has published two collections of her poems, Bone Ovation (2017) and Little Quakes Every Day (2017), described by John Clute as exploring \"the permanence of Time, of bones, of the past within a fleece of transmutations\". She has also published two science fiction/horror novels, Composite Creatures (2021), set in a near future damaged by climate change, and Mothtown (2023), about loneliness and grief and escape to the multiverse.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Composite Creatures was shortlisted for the 2022 Kitschies Award for Best Debut Novel. It was also selected by Silvia Moreno-Garcia and Lavie Tidhar as one of the best science fiction, fantasy and horror books of 2021 for The Washington Post.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Isfdb name", "Template:Infobox writer", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A research consortium, also known as research consortia, is a collaborative structure that connects individuals and organizations to pursue shared research objectives, operating under a formal governance and operational framework. It typically involves multiple research projects and may include various consortia, directed by management committees, advisory bodies, and data access panels.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The main objective of a consortium is to facilitate collaboration among a diverse group of stakeholders. Benefits of consortium participation include access to specialized funding, opportunities for interaction with other institutions, and connections with industry and government bodies. In addition, consortia often allow members early access to research results and data, which can be advantageous in areas such as patent licensing and academic cooperation.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Unlike other forms of research collaboration, consortia are characterized by their requirement for regular progress reporting and the production of deliverables, leading to a more regulated and consistent approach to research.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the European Union, consortia are a fundamental aspect of collaborative research, especially in programs such as Horizon Europe, which is a €95.5 billion research and innovation funding initiative for 2021–2027.", "title": "By country or region" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania isolata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The length of the shell varies between 1.5 mm and 3 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Christmas Island.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Expand section", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Rissoidae-stub", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Number_i is a three-member Japanese boy band formed in October 2023. The band consists of Sho Hirano, Yuta Jinguji and Yuta Kishi, who had left Smile-Up. Inc.'s (formerly Johnny & Associates) group King & Prince on 22 May 2023. Hirano and Jinguji left the agency that same day, while Kishi left on 30 September 2023. Hirano and Jinguji announced on YouTube live stream their new affiliation to Tobe co., Ltd, established by Hideaki Takizawa, on 7 July 2023. Kishi's announcement that he now belonged to Tobe co., Ltd, done on the 15 October 2023 YouTube live stream, also included the information of the formation of Number_i.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Profile", "title": "Member" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kishi came up with \"Number_i\" and Sho and Jinguji agreed with the group name. \"i\" stands for Number One and Only One, meaning aim to be number one as well as the importance of the journey to get there. Moreover, it stands for Love \"愛\" in Japanese and I in English.", "title": "The Origin of the Group Name" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "GOAT (digital single, January 1, 2024) (teaser video)", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Official website", "Template:TikTok", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox musical artist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:YouTube", "Template:TOBE", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Twitter", "Template:Instagram" ]

[]

[ "Template:Redirect category shell" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is the list of number-one tracks on the ARIA Club Chart in 2023, and is compiled by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) from weekly DJ reports.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use Australian English", "Template:Infobox record charts", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Australian music charts", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fred Rogers (1 January 1929 – November 2001) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned one international cap for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Rogers, born in Sheffield, began his British leagues career riding for Odsal Boomerangs during the 1947 Speedway National League. On his debut he made an immediate impact in front of 17,784 fans by battling hard for three points.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following season in 1948, he rode for Newcastle Diamonds in division 2 and Yarmouth Bloaters in division 3 before moving from Newcastle to join the Norwich Stars. He would spend six more years with Norwich from 1949 to 1954, his average peaking in 1951 at 8.38. He helped Norwich win the division 2 league title in 1950 and the league and National Trophy double in 1951.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He retired after the 1954 season but made a comeback after sealing a transfer to Belle Vue Aces (because he was still officially a Norwich rider) for the 1955 Speedway National League season.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox Speedway rider", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Grogans are an Australian garage rock band from Melbourne. The group consists of Quin Grunden (lead vocals), Angus Vasic (guitar) and Jordan Lewis (drums). Since forming in 2016, they have released four studio albums– most recently, Find Me A Cloud in 2023, and three extended plays. The trio cites surf rock from the 1960s as a major influence for their sound.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Melbourne students Quin Grunden and Angus Vasic had been friends for years in high school. In 2016, Grunden met Jordan Lewis, who had recently moved to the area. The trio began jamming together and formed the Grogans. They independently released their debut extended play (EP), Catceyed, in December 2016, and its follow-up, Twangs N' Cans, in June 2017. The band's third EP, Grogan Grove, was issued in June 2018. It contains \"Lemon to My Lime\", their first single to receive airplay on national youth radio station Triple J.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Grogans' debut studio album, Just What You Want, was written and recorded within one week in Torquay, and released in October 2019. It was the first album to be issued under their manager Will Stoeckel's independent record label, Cousin Will. The album was supported by an Australian tour from November. It was followed-up with Day / To / Day, released in November 2020, which was preceded by the single \"Got A Girl\". Writing for Tone Deaf, Alexander Pan called the track a \"step forward for the trio\" which pays homage to a more \"60s surf sound\".", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In October 2022, the Grogans released their third studio album, Which Way Is Out. Described by Bryget Chrisfield of Beat as \"psychedelic, seductive and dripping with soul\", the record features a more present psych-rock influence. It was supported by a 26-date Australia and New Zealand tour from February 2023. The band made their first appearance on live music programme Like a Version in September 2023, performing a cover of the Kinks' \"You Really Got Me\". The trio's fourth album, Find Me A Cloud, was released in October 2023 amidst performing several shows across Europe and the United Kingdom. It was named the weekly feature album by Triple J who described it as a \"surf-rock, sun-drenched album full of energetic guitars and heartfelt songwriting\". The Find Me A Cloud Tour will continue in Australia from March 2024.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Grogans cite surf rock from the 1960s as a major influence for their sound, as well as contemporary acts like Hockey Dad and Tame Impala. With the release of their third album, Augustus Welby of Rolling Stone said their expanding palette spanning blues rock and vintage psychedelic pop took notes from the Beatles and Kinks.", "title": "Artistry" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox musician" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The ARIA Dance Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing dance singles of Australia. It is published by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation who collect music data for the weekly ARIA Charts. To be eligible to appear on the chart, the recording must be a single, and be \"predominantly of a dance nature, or with a featured track of a dance nature, or included in the ARIA Club Chart or a comparable overseas chart\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Chart history" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox record charts", "Template:Portal", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Australian music charts", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use Australian English" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The ARIA Urban Chart is a chart that ranks the best-performing hip hop and R&B tracks of Australia. It is published by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation who collect music data for the weekly ARIA Charts. To be eligible to appear on the chart, the recording must be a single of a predominantly urban nature.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Chart history" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox record charts", "Template:Portal", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Australian music charts", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use Australian English" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Betws-y-Coed F.C. is a Welsh football club based in Betws-y-Coed, Conwy County Borough. The team currently plays in the North Wales Coast East Football League Division One, which is at the fifth tier of the Welsh football league system.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The current Betws-y-Coed club was founded in 2011.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The club competed in the 2022–23 Welsh Cup, losing in the first qualifying round on penalties to Bow.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In December 2022, the club resigned from the North Wales Coast East Football League Division One. The club rejoined the league for the 2023–24 season.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:North Wales Coast Football League", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox football club" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 Biathlon World Cup – Stage 2 was the second event of the season and was held in Hochfilzen, Austria, from 8 to 10 December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The events took place at the following times.", "title": "Schedule of events" } ]

[ "Template:FRA", "Template:GER", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Short description", "Template:NOR", "Template:SWE", "Template:SUI", "Template:Cite web", "Template:2023–24 Biathlon World Cup" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Fall of Sis or the Siege of Sis was the capture of Sis and the destruction of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia by the Egyptian Sultanate. It occurred in 1375.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After Rumkale was conquered by Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil by in 1292, Sis became the Catholicos' residence. In 1266, the Egyptians looted and burnt the city following the Battle of Mari. In 1275, Sultan Baybars invaded Cilician Armenia, sacked its capital Sis (but not the citadel) and demolished the royal palace. A century later, in 1369 the Egyptians again conquered the city, but were forced to leave. Finally, in 1375 Sultan Al-Ashraf Sha'ban decided to conquer the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia once and for all and annex it to the Egyptian Sultanate.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Egyptian forces moved from Cairo and met the Levantine forces in the city of Aleppo. Then they moved from Aleppo and conquered all the Armenian cities until the capital Sis fell to them and the King of Armenia, Leo V, was captured alongside his wife and his family. He was sent as a prisoner to Cairo and was marched in a victory parade. The Armenian king and his family remained captive here for 5 years until the King of Castile paid a large ransom to free him and his family.", "title": "Siege" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox military conflict", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "These are the Australian Country number-one albums of 2024, per the ARIA Charts.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox record charts", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Australian music charts", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use Australian English" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of albums that reached number-one on the ARIA Hip Hop/R&B Albums Chart in 2023. The ARIA Hip Hop/R&B Albums Chart is a weekly chart that ranks the best-performing hip hop and R&B albums in Australia. It is published by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), an organisation that collects music data for the weekly ARIA Charts. To be eligible to appear on the chart, the recording must be an album of a predominantly urban nature.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Australian music charts", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use Australian English", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox record charts", "Template:Portal", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nightmare (Finnish: Nightmare – painajainen merellä; literally translated \"A Nightmare on the Sea\") is a 2012 Finnish horror thriller film directed by Marko Äijö. The film is based on Finnish soap opera television series Salatut elämät; one of the characters of the series, Peppi, is going on a cruise with friends, which is about to take a horrible turn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The main partner of the film production was the Russian St. Peter Line shipping company, on which the filming was done on the Princess Maria cruise ship. The film's production budget was about €500,000, of which the Finnish Film Foundation's share was €200,000. The theme song of the film is the song \"Kyynel kuuluu mereen\" (\"A Tear Belongs to the Sea\") by the duo Vague Musik, with Karoliina Kallio as the singer.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film gross about €1.1 million, and it was awarded at the 2013 Jussi Awards with an honorary certificate as the audience's favorite. However, the film received a negative reception from critics. Critics have given it mostly one star and it has been described as \"absurdly bad\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2014, the film received a sequel, Nightmare 2: The Nightmare Continues [fi].", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The newly married 21-year-old Peppi Kuula (Sara Parikka) goes on a cruise with her new husband Sergei (Tero Tiittanen) and friends. During the ship trip, she meets old acquaintances who remind her of unpleasant things from Peppi's past. Then things start happening on the ship and her friends start disappearing. Peppi realizes that the disappearances are somehow related to the drug-related death of Tobias Nylund (Hannu Abonce), in which she was involved. The situation becomes difficult, even old friends seem to have a motive to hurt Peppi.", "title": "Plot" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:IMDb title", "Template:Finland-film-stub", "Template:About", "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Lang-fi", "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Giuseppe Baldi (1905 – 29 January 1945) was an Italian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in Serie A for Reggiana 1919. Accused of withholding money from resistance fighters during the Second World War, he was executed by partisans in 1945.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Italy-footy-goalkeeper-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kei Nishikori was the reigning champion from 2019, when the men's event was last held, but did not participate this year.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox tennis tournament event", "Template:Columns-list", "Template:4TeamBracket-Tennis3", "Template:16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Main", "Template:Draw key", "Template:Citeweb", "Template:2024 ATP Tour" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Medinet Madi library is a collection of Manichaean texts discovered at Medinet Madi in the Faiyum region of Egypt in 1929. There is a total of seven codices, some of which have been split up and held in different collections across Europe. The texts were composed in the Lycopolis dialect of Coptic.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Carl Schmidt collected the following texts for the Papyrussammlung (papyrus collection) of the Staatliche Museen of Berlin in Germany.", "title": "Manuscripts" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A. Chester Beatty collected the following codices for his library in London, now the Chester Beatty Library in Dublin, Ireland.", "title": "Manuscripts" } ]

[ "Template:Authority control", "Template:Manichaeism-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Manichaeism footer" ]

[]

[ "Template:R from song" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Zayyanid Capture Of Sijilmasa was a battle between the Merinids and the Zayyanids in which they captured Sijilmasa from them.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In their pursuit of economic leverage over the Merinids during the ongoing conflict between the Almohads, the Zayyanids of Tlemcen, under the leadership of Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan, embarked upon a strategic endeavor. In the year 1257, Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan orchestrated a military campaign with the intent of securing a foothold in Sijilmasa. However, this initial assault proved unsuccessful, leading to a period of frustration for the Zayyanid leader.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Undeterred by the setback, Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan undertook the task of reorganizing and reinforcing his forces. By the year 1264, the Zayyanid leader had diligently prepared his army for a renewed and resolute offensive against Sijilmasa.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan executed the planned assault with remarkable efficiency, leading to the seamless capture of Sijilmasa. The success of this operation was facilitated by the absence of resistance encountered, as the Merinids, were defending against the Almohads, allocated their strategic focus elsewhere. This opportune circumstance allowed Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan to secure Sijilmasa with minimal casualties.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan, and the Zayyanids, successfully maintained control over Sijilmasa for an period of 11 years. During this tenure, they strategically pioneered trade routes spanning from Sijilmasa to Tlemcen, fostering economic prosperity through the facilitation of Sub-Saharan commerce. This shrewd economic initiative not only solidified the Zayyanids' regional influence but also bolstered Tlemcen's standing as a pivotal trade hub.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In the year 1275, the Merinids reclaimed Sijilmasa, signaling a shift in territorial control. Despite this, the economic currents remained largely in favor of Tlemcen, as the established trade routes endured, ensuring a continued influx of commerce to the city.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox military conflict", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Toluk may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Disambiguation" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ses'Top La is a South African sitcom that aired on SABC 1. This sitcom was produced by Blackbrain Productions and it was directed by Mandla Ngcongwane who played the role of Themba. It is a spin-off of the show City Ses’la.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:SouthAfrica-stub", "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox television", "Template:Won", "Template:Nom", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Tv-prog-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Abbr" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Theodor Storm (born 31 March 2005) is a Danish cyclist. From 2024 he will ride for UCI WorldTeam Ineos Grenadiers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Aged 17 years-old, Storm raced ar the 2023 UEC European Track Championships in Grenchen, Switzerland, in February 2023 against elites riders. Storm rode in 2022 and 2023 for the Danish team NPV-Carl Ras Roskilde.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He finished in third place at the Paris-Roubaix juniors in 2023 and also finished in fifth place in the junior road race at the UCI Road World Championships in Glasgow in August 2023 after helping teammate Albert Philipsen to victory.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He will ride for UCI WorldTeam Ineos Grenadiers from 2024, agreeing to a three-year contract. He was initially due to turn pro with Ineos in 2025, but his pathway was fast-tracked in December 2023, and will see him move straight from juniors and skip the U23s", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox cyclist", "Template:Ct", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ben Wallace MP, former Defence Secretary", "title": "Declined" } ]

[ "Template:Proposed deletion/dated", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox election", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Uncategorized" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Greg Kentwell (born 1942) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia. He earned 18 international caps for the Australia national speedway team and one cap for the Great Britain national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kentwell, born in Sydney, began racing midget cars before taking up speedway in 1957 at the Cumberland Oval in Parramatta, aged just 15. He became a protégé of Lionel Van Praag and began his British leagues career riding for Halifax Dukes during the 1966 British League season.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He contributed towards the Halifax league and cup double winning season of 1966 despite spending the latter part of the season riding for Long Eaton Archers on loan.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He spent the rest of his British career riding for Halifax from 1967 to 1972, in which time he was third on the Halifax averages in 1971 with a 7.67 average. In June 1969, he would gain a call up for the Great Britain team, which at the time could include Commonwealth riders, for a match against Sweden.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He continued to ride in Australia afterwards and would earn 18 test caps in total for his country, including an 18 point maximum against England in December 1967. He retired to concentrate on his plumbing business and later moved to the Sunshine Coast, Queensland and moved into the dredging industry.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox Speedway rider", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Caribbean Lottery is a multi national lottery covering the countries and territories of the United States Virgin Islands, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla and Sint Maarten.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The main game is Super Lotto which is played across all Caribbean Lottery jurisdictions and Barbados. Other games include Lucky Pick, Express Cash, Pick 3, Pick 4 and Caribbean Numbers. The Super Lotto started in 2009.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sheila K. Gestring is president of the University of South Dakota. She became the university's chief financial officer in 2010 and its president in 2018.She is the second female president of the university.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She was born in South Dakota. She served as chair of the Vermillion Chamber and Development Corporation. Her husband Keith works for South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources. They have two children She has a bachelor’s degree in accounting and business administration from the University of Sioux Falls and an and an M.B.A. from the University of South Dakota. She worked in state government offices and was the chief financial officer at Flathead Valley Community College in Montana for three years.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She is the University's 18th president. She succeeded Jim Abbott.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She welcomed Timothy O’Keefe as the university's dean of the Beacom School of Business in June 2023. In December 2023, she announced Jon Schemmel as the school's athletics director.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Sources exist", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea pulchella is a species of waterlily native to the regions spanning from Central and Southern Mexico to Brazil, as well as from the Bahamas to the Virgin Islands, including St. Croix.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea pulchella is an aquatic herb with cylindrical to subglobose tubers. The elliptic, suborbicular to orbicular leaves have a sinuate to dentate margin. The veins show minimal prominence on the abaxial leaf surface.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The diurnal flowers can extend up to 20 cm above the water surface. They are held up by glabrous, brownish, non-brittle peduncles with six primary central and 12-13 secondary peripheral air canals. The androecium consists of 43-80 stamens. The ellipsoid, smooth, hispid seeds have trichomes arranged in continuous longitudinal lines.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Proliferating pseudanthia are absent.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It is autogamous, but reproduction is more fruitful in the presence of pollinators. Flowering and fruiting occurs throughout the year. Generative reproduction is the main mode of reproduction.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "It was first described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1821.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Brachyceras.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The specific epithet pulchella means \"beautiful\" or \"pretty\".", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In Puerto Rico, USA, it faces habitat destruction.", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It occurs in freshwater habitats, such as lakes, ponds, lagoons, streams, and temporary puddles.", "title": "Ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The bee species Trigona spinipes is an effective pollinator of Nymphaea pulchella. In some cases, the bees coated in pollen fall into the stigmatic fluid and die. The flowers are also visited by the bee species Apis mellifera, as well as flies.", "title": "Ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The bee species Trigona spinipes is florivorous, i.e. it consumes parts of the flowers of Nymphaea pulchella.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marinus Johannes Richardus \"Rinus\" Wortel (born 18 December 1947) is a Dutch geophysicist. He was professor of tectonophysics at Utrecht University between 1989 and 2012. Since 2013 he has been unpaid professor of geophysics at the same university.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wortel was born on 18 December 1947 in Amsterdam. He attended the gymnasium. Wortel subsequently wanted to study geology and had a strong interest in the physical aspects of the field. In 1965 he started his study of geophysics at Utrecht University, at that time the only place in the Netherlands offering the study. In 1980 Wortel obtained his PhD at Utrecht University under N.J. (Nico) Vlaar with a thesis titled: Age-dependent subduction of oceanic lithosphere.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After his studies Wortel worked as scientic employee and later associate professor of theoretical geophysics at his alma mater. In 1989 he was named professor of tectonophysics at the same university. From 1992 to late 1996 he was dean of the faculty of earth sciences. He was professor of tectonophysics until 2012. The next year the university named him unpaid professor of geophysics.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During his career Wortel was founder and director of the Geodynamisch Onderzoeksinstituut. From 1996 he also served as scientific director of the Vening Meinesz Research School of Geodynamics. He was chair of the board of directors of the Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Science.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The research of Wortel has focused on physical aspects of plate tectonics, especially the geophyisical development of the Mediterranean Sea area. In the early 2010s his research group expected that a new fault was forming between Europe and Africa, with the Eurasian Plate being thrust under the African Plate, which had been the reverse. He has also performed research into the dynamics and deformation of the lithosphere, seismic energy release and tectonic processes along convergent plate boundaries. He worked on integration of numerical models, with observations coming from geology, geophysics and geodesy. Wortel and his research group in 1992 developed an hypothesis on lateral migration of slab detachment. Early in his career he performed research in the Andes with his promotor, Vlaar. He also worked together with Sierd Cloetingh on modeling intraplate stress.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2018, Wortel became head of the research programme DeepNL, of the Dutch Research Council, which was initiated to look into the long term consequences of the winning of gas in the Groningen gas field. Specific research projects included subsidence, risk analysis, and earthquake forecasting. Wortel called it a unique project, comparable with the Dutch efforts of protection from the sea.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1997, he was part of a commission initiated by six Dutch universities to look into a fifth academic year for scientific studies, which the commission ultimately recommended. He has been involved in the handing out of the Vening Meineszprijs [nl], being chair of the committee in 2010. He was editor of the Geophysical Journal.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Wortel was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1995. Wortel won the 2000 Stephan Mueller Medal of the European Geophysical Society, in \"recognition of his fundamental contributions to modelling of subduction zone dynamics\".", "title": "Honours and awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2011 he won the Van Waterschoot van der Grachtpenning of the Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap [nl]. In 2012 Wortel was made Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion.", "title": "Honours and awards" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox academic", "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wide Angle is an upcoming Assamese language film directed by Jayanta Nath and produced by Debajyoti Bora under the banner of Swavalamban Media and Entertainment. The story is based on Noted Assamese author Dr Nagen Saikia's story \"Staff Photographeror Sobi\" which evolves around a photographer from the times of Assam movement.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Music director of the film is Jayanta Nath. FIrst single \"Joi Aai Axom\" sung by Zubeen Garg was released on 23 November 2023. It is composed by Jayanta Nath, Lyrics by Jetabon Baruah and music produced by Shyamal Bhuyan.", "title": "Soundtrack" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film is set to release on 22 March 2024 in the theatres of Assam.", "title": "Release" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "'Josh Silver or Joshua Silver may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Hndis" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom free trade agreement is a proposed free trade agreement which began negotiations in June 2022. When completed it will be the first free trade agreement between the United Kingdom and the Gulf Cooperation Council, or any of its member states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the 2016 Brexit referendum, in which the UK voted to leave the European Union, the Gulf states began pressing the UK Government for a post-Brexit Trade agreement.", "title": "Negotiations" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "British trade with the GCC was worth about 45 billion pounds ($61 billion) in 2019, 7% of the size of Britain's commerce with the European Union in 2019. Talks for a trade deal intensified in late 2021, just after the Premier League approved Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth funds takeover of Newcastle United from billionaire Mike Ashley", "title": "Negotiations" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Minister of Industry, Commerce and Tourism for Bahrain, Zayed Al Zayani hoped that the two sides could complete negotiations by the “end of this year or the middle of next year,” in January 2022.", "title": "Negotiations" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In June 2021, International trade secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan stated that the agreement would target a £1.6bn annual boost to the UK economy, and that the agreement would be a comprehensive FTA that will cover manufactured goods and agricultural produce to financial and digital services.", "title": "Negotiations" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The UK Government confirmed that the first round of negotiations had been conducted from 22 August and 29 September 2022.", "title": "Negotiations" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On 4 July 2023, Bahrain announced plans to invest £1 billion in the UK as a preliminary move to strengthen ties related to financial services as part of the potential new trade deal.", "title": "Negotiations" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Democracy and Human Rights in the Gulf, Brendan O’Hara MP criticized the absence of human rights talks. Trade talks avoided discussions of events such as the murder of critical Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, and the UAE's detention of British academic Matthew Hedges for alleged spying.", "title": "Controversy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Media related to Relations of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the United Kingdom at Wikimedia Commons", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox treaty", "Template:Portal", "Template:Commons category-inline", "Template:Free trade agreements", "Template:UK bilateral relations", "Template:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Madso's War is a 2010 American film directed by Walter Hill and produced by Spike TV. It was originally created as a two-hour pilot for a television series.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After the boss of Boston's Irish mob leaves town, a low-level gangster, Madso, gathers a group of petty crooks to seize control of the streets.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film was based on an idea by executive producer Dana White, best known for his association with Ultimate Fighting Championship, who had lived in Boston and wanted to tell a story about the Irish mafia gang of Whitey Bulger. He brought on Chris Bertolini to write the script and sold it to Spike. In an interview, White stated that he understood the audience to be \"18- to 34-year-old males who are the ones watching Spike TV\". He further stated, “We’re going to push the limits on this show, like Nip/Tuck and The Shield — violence, sex, bad language. We’re going to see how big Spike’s balls are on this one.”", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Filming took place in Boston in late 2008. The working title was The War of '04.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Walter Hill, who had directed the film, had his name taken off the movie and was credited as \"Rob Marcus\". Hill's biographer calls the film \"unfocused and chaotic.\"", "title": "Production" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Walter Hill" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Hamilton District Council were held on 3 May 1984, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the fourth election to the district council following the local government reforms in the 1970s.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The election was the first to use the 20 wards created by the Initial Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements in 1980. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Labour maintained control of the district council after winning 17 of the 20 seats and taking almost two-thirds of the popular vote. The Liberal Party – who had contested the election in an electoral alliance with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) – won two seats and the remaining seat was won by the Conservatives. The election resulted in the same political composition as the previous election.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Source:", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Hamilton Category:Hamilton District Council elections", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Election summary begin", "Template:Election summary party", "Template:Election summary net total", "Template:Cite web", "Template:South Lanarkshire elections", "Template:1984 United Kingdom local elections", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox election" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Andrii Matiukha is a Soviet and Ukrainian football player, midfielder, manager, founder of Favbet.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He made his professional football debut in 1983 with Metalurh (Dniprodzerzhynsk).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1986, he moved from Kyiv's SKA to Krylia Rad. This season, the Samara team won a ticket to the first league and took 3rd place in the RSFSR championship.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The following year, he returned to Ukraine. He continued his career in Shakhtar (Pavlohrad), Metallurg (Zaporizhzhia) and Vorskla (Poltava). In the Poltava team, he played 104 matches in the USSR championships and also made his debut in the first league of the Ukrainian championship.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On the eve of the start of the second Ukrainian championship, he moved to Torpedo (Zaporizhzhia), where on August 16, 1992, in a game against Dnipro, he made his debut in the top flight. The following year, he played in the top division of Moldova, playing for KSS Amok.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "From August 1993, he played for NORD-AM-Ltd-Podillya in Khmelnytskyi. He spent the next year in Mykolaiv's Evis and the amateur team Lokomotiv (Znamianka). In the same year, he also managed to play for Khimik Zhytomyr. In 1995, he played for Bukovyna Chernivtsi and Prometheus Dniprodzerzhynsk. In 1996, he strengthened the squad of Oleksandriya's Polyhraftekhnika. He made his debut for the Oleksandriya team on March 31, 1996 in a 2-1 victory at home in the 23rd round of the first league against Metalurg Nikopol. Andrii came on the field in the starting lineup and played the entire match. In total, he played 50 matches in the Ukrainian championships in the PFC shirt, and played 2 more matches in the Ukrainian Cup. In 1997, he joined Electron (Romny), where he played until 2002. From 1999 to 2000, he played on loan at Naftovyk Okhtyrka.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2020, Andriy Matiukha founded the Favorit Foundation (since 2021 – FAVBET Foundation). The FAVBET group of companies became donors to the fund. The goal of the fund is to create an ecosystem of social positive influence in Ukraine through the implementation of charitable projects in the fields of sports, health, education, and science.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In the summer of 2022, \"Ukrinform\" reported that Andriy Matiukha transferred funds to the Ukrainian military in the Mykolaiv direction for the purchase of a modern Desertech SRS A-1 rifle worth UAH 630,000. A scope, ammunition, and everything necessary for effective sniper work on enemy positions was also transferred.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Blair Street Bridge is a concrete and steel girder bridge carrying the Lyell Highway through the township of New Norfolk across the River Derwent in Tasmania, Australia. Completed in 1974, the Blair Street Bridge is the fourth bridge to be constructed at New Norfolk. The bridge's steel girders were built by Russell Allport & Co on Sunderland Street in Moonah, Tasmania.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Generally known as the \"New Norfolk Bridge\", the Blair Street Bridge at New Norfolk has a rich history dating back to the early 19th century. The first wooden bridge constructed across the Derwent River near this location was completed in 1834. This bridge was a pivotal development, connecting New Norfolk with the surrounding regions, facilitating transportation and trade. It was built under the direction of Assistant Surveyor General William Sharland, who owned the 1824 property known as Woodbridge. A 2d toll was collected for crossing the bridge.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Over time, subsequent bridges were built at the same location. The remnants of the first three bridges, including materials from the original 1834 structure and the later Victorian dressed-sandstone of the second bridge, can still be observed near Woodbridge at the end of Bridge Street.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Blair Street Bridge serves as a modern crossing connecting the town with surrounding areas. Commencing construction in 1971, the development was aimed at withstanding valley floods before the Meadowbank weirs were established.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Crossings navbox", "Template:Road infrastructure in Hobart", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox bridge", "Template:Citation", "Template:No footnotes", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use Australian English" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1980 Volvo Tennis Classic, also known as the Washington Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Charles E. Smith Center in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the 1980 Grand Prix circuit. It was the ninth and last edition of the tournament and was held from March 3 through March 9, 1980. Sixth-seeded Victor Amaya won the singles title at the event and earned $21,875 first-prize money after defeating seventh-seeded Ivan Lendl in the final.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Victor Amaya defeated Ivan Lendl 6–7, 6–4, 7–5", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Brian Teacher / Ferdi Taygan defeated Kevin Curren / Steve Denton 4–6, 6–3, 7–6", "title": "Finals" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox tennis tournament year", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Washington Indoor tournaments", "Template:1980 Volvo Grand Prix" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of films which have placed number one at the box office in Italy during 1997. Amounts are in lire. Box office figures limited to 147 main situations, representing about 74% of potential income.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Dts", "Template:Lists of box office number-one films", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite magazine" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "All Hell Breaks Loose is a 2014 American action comedy horror film directed by Jeremy Garner, starring Nick Forrest, Sarah Kobel Marquette, Mike Bazanele, Todd A. Robinson, Tommy Hestmark, Joshua Lee Frazier and Ehren McGhehey.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Amanda Hunt of Scream rated the film 5 stars out of 5 and wrote that she \"loved this film for all its unequivocal blood lust, bad jokes, naked girlie action and over the top characters.\" Hunt praised the \"tight\" and \"well-written\" script, the performances, the direction and the characters.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Chris Coffel of Bloody Disgusting called the film a \"fantastic gore-filled bike trip that harkens back to the biker flicks of the 70’s\" and an \"awesomely good time.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Kieran Fisher of Diabolique Magazine wrote that the film \"succeeds through heart, passion and demented entertainment.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Mark L. Miller of Ain't It Cool News praised the \"solid\" gore but criticised the performances and the script.", "title": "Reception" } ]

[ "Template:No plot", "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:IMDb title", "Template:Rotten-tomatoes" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "La Empresa, The New Company or The Enterprise (Spanish: La empresa, La Nueva Empresa. Portuguese: A empresa) is a Colombian cartel and a Drug trafficking gang that's mainly based in the country of Colombia. La Empresa is a relatively new cartel that formed in Medellín during the late 1990s. The cartel was founded by Gerardo Santana Garza (also known as \"300\") and Luis Mendez, Garza's brother Omar \"The Gnome\" Alejandro was also a major figure and member in the cartel. The cartel is alleged to be a \"breakaway\" cartel of the Juárez Cartel, many of the Juárez Cartel members became adversaries of the cartel and from 1998 the cartel became very undstable. In 1999 many members broke from the cartel and formed their own gangs. During the early 2000s, the Juarez members and drug lords from contiguous Mexican states forged an alliance that became known as 'The Golden Triangle Alliance' or 'La Alianza Triángulo de Oro' because of its three-state area of influence: Chihuahua, south of the U.S. state of Texas, Durango and Sinaloa, a few other gangs formed along with the alliance. La Empresa formed during this time and was one of the gangs.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Enterprise cartel mostly operates as a drug trafficking cartel, the enterprise has a history of trafficking Cocaine, Heroin, MDMA, Fentanyl, Marijuana and more recently \"Pink cocaine\".", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox criminal organization", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Uncategorized" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Leslie Charles Sharpe (born 12 July 1944) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from Australia. He earned eight international caps for the Australia national speedway team and two caps for the Great Britain national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sharpe, born in Fremantle, began his British leagues career riding for Halifax Dukes during the 1968 British League season. He was recommended to the Halifax manager Reg Fearman by former Australian rider Aub Lawson.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After an improved season with the club in 1969, he would improve dramatically during the 1970 season recording an average of 8.21, putting him second in the club averages behind Eric Boocock. In July 1970, he would gain a call up for the Great Britain team, which at the time could include Commonwealth riders, for the test matches against Sweden. Despite the successful 1970 season, he chose not to race in Britain from 1971 to 1972, partly due to issues regarding his licence with the Rider Control Committee.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sharpe returned to Halifax for the 1973 British League season before going back to Australia. He would represent Australia eight times in total.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox Speedway rider", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[]

[]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thomas Calley (31 May 1780-17 September 1863) was a British landowner and politician, who represented Cricklade in Parliament from 1812 to 1818 and 1831 to 1834.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Calley was born on 31 May 1780, the eldest son of Thomas Browne Calley, a member of an established gentry family resident at Burderop Park for several centuries. He inherited his father's estates in 1791, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and in 1801 commissioned in the Wiltshire Yeomanry. He married Elizabeth Keck, daughter of Anthony James Keck, in 1802. Prior to entering politics, he lived as \"an unremarkable country gentleman\", and was made High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1807-8.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He expressed an interest in representing the borough of Cricklade at a by-election in 1811, when Lord Porchester succeeded his father and entered the House of Lords, but was persuaded to stand at the following general election instead. He did so, and was returned unopposed as a supporter of the government in the 1812 general election. Later in the Parliament he began to vote occasionally with the opposition. He was defeated at the 1818 general election, which cost him almost £5,000 in expenses, and caused his bankruptcy. His election agent described him as a type of politician who \"don't mind how much money is spent ... [but] find it not convenient to pay it.\" He was forced to let Burderop and moved to Salthrop House, his mother-in-law's residence; on her death in 1826 the estates were inherited by his wife Elizabeth.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He remained politically active through the 1820s, increasingly conservative; he was a senior freemason in the county, signed an anti-Catholic declaration, and supported a testimonial thanking the yeomanry for suppressing the Swing Riots. At the 1831 general election, the anti-reform Tory Joseph Pitt stood down in Cricklade and Calley was selected as his replacement. He cautiously supported reform \"to an extent which should satisfy all reasonable men\", \"dictated by prudence and moderation\", but promised to defend the representation of Cricklade as it now stood. He was elected in second place, behind a reformer candidate.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the following Parliament, he did support the reform bill, having \"arrived at the conviction that no honest man ought to refuse his assent to it\". In the 1832 general election he was returned as a liberal, and remained in Parliament until he stood down at dissolution in December 1834.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Calley died in Württemberg in September 1836. His wife had died in April 1832, after a rumoured separation due to ill-treatment, and both their estates were inherited by their surviving son, John James Calley (1810-1854).", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite encyclopedia" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jamiyah Singapore (formerly known as All Malaya Muslim Missionary Society, Singapore) is a Non-governmental organisation based in Singapore which belongs to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam. It was established and founded by Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi Al-Qaderi, a student of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi in 1932 after sharing ideas with Amjad Ali Aazmi and Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri. It was established to promote and preach Islam in Singapore.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chittaranjan Das, popularly known as Chitta Bhai or Chitbhai(3 October 1923 – 16 January 2011), was an Indian writer, translator, critic, and social reformer from Orissa. A multilingual, he focused his works in Odia language.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Das made many innovations in the fields of translation, essays, criticism and travelogue writing. His columns were published regularly in various newspapers. Knowing as many as 18 languages, Das has taught in Germany, Finland and Israel before returning to India. He died in Bhubaneswar on 16 January 2011.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Tirukkural", "Template:Odia language", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Azad Kashmir Fast Government Sadhnuti Azad Kashmir Sudhanoti Azad Kashmir which is the home and center of Pakhtun tribe (Saduzai Sudhan) was established here the first government of Azad Kashmir which is basically called the first and founding government of Azad Kashmir. According to the sources, on October 4, 1947, Sidhnuti was the first area that was liberated from the continuation of the Dogra regime in the areas of the present Azad Kashmir announced. So at that time on October 4, 1947, there was no parliamentary house in Sidhnuti from where the system of government could be run, so this temporary government structure was started from Moti Mahal in Rawalpindi. After that, this rebel revolutionary government prepared a 40-room parliamentary house at Siddhnuti Chonjal Hill within twenty days, after which on October 24, 1947, the same government was shifted from Rawalpindi Moti Mahal to Siddhnuti Chonjal Hill given. According to sources, the Sudhanuti government of Azad Kashmir was transferred to Muzaffarabad on August 1, 1949. One of the main reasons for this transfer of government was the growing differences between the Sudhan tribals and the government of Pakistan. Due to which Pakistan started PC Pak Search Sudhan Operation on Sudhan tribals, the end of which continued till Baral Agreement.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Uncategorized", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox holiday", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 WTA Finals will be the professional women's championship tennis tournament run by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). It will be the 53rd edition of the singles event and the 48th edition of the doubles competition and will take place between 3 and 10 November. The tournament will be contested by the eight highest-ranked singles players and doubles teams of the 2024 WTA Tour.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the singles, point totals are calculated by combining point totals from sixteen tournaments (excluding ITF and WTA 125 tournaments). Of these sixteen tournaments, a player's results from the four Grand Slam events, the five WTA 1000 tournaments , and (for the players who played the main draw of least two such tournaments) the best results from two other WTA 1000 tournaments must be included.", "title": "Tournament" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the doubles, point totals are calculated by any combination of eleven tournaments throughout the year. Unlike in the singles, this combination does not need to include results from the Grand Slams or WTA 1000 tournaments.", "title": "Tournament" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Both the singles and doubles event features eight players/teams in a round-robin event, split into two groups of four.", "title": "Tournament" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Over the first six days of competition, each player/team meets the other three players/teams in her group, with the top two in each group advancing to the semifinals. The first-placed player/team in one group meets the second-placed player/team in the other group, and vice versa. The winners of each semifinal meet in the championship match.", "title": "Tournament" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The final standings are made using these methods:", "title": "Tournament" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Updated as of 30 December 2023.", "title": "Points breakdown" } ]

[ "Template:Ns", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Official website", "Template:WTA Finals", "Template:2024 WTA Tour", "Template:2024 in tennis", "Template:Main", "Template:TennisEventInfo", "Template:Legend", "Template:As of", "Template:Abbr", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aleksandur Georgiev Pulev is a Bulgarian economist and politician who served as the Minister of Innovation and Growth in two consecutive caretaker governments between 2022 and 2023.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Edale War Memorial is a 20th-century grade II listed war memorial in Edale, Derbyshire.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The war memorial features the names of local residents that died during the First World War. The memorial was later renovated following World War II.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The memorial has been Grade II listed since 5 November, 2015.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox historic site", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Derbyshire-struct-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "J. R. Hampton and John R. Hampton should link here", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "John Robinson Hampton (April 1, 1807 – February 9, 1880) was a state legislator in Arkansas. He served in the Arkansas Senate including as President of the Arkansas Senate.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was born April 1, 1807 in Charlotte, North Carolina and was orphaned early in his life. He had little formal education before starting as a printer apprentice and going on to publish a paper in Mississippi. He moved to Tuscaloosa, Alabama where he met and married Francess Ann Webb. In 1843 he moved to Arkansas settling in Union County. Francess died shorty after and he was left caring for their two children Susan and Henry Hampton.", "title": "Biogrpahy" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He first served in the state senate before the American Civil War, during the Confederacy, and after Reconstruction. In the governor's absence, he served as acting governor of Arkansas. He was a delegate to the 1874 Arkansas Constitutional Convention. He was a Democrat.", "title": "Biogrpahy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He represented Bradley County, Arkansas in the Arkansas Senate from 1846 to 1851. In 1852 he was elected from Union County. He was an incorporator of the Cairo and Fulton Railroad. Hampton, Arkansas is named for him.", "title": "Biogrpahy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His last terms in the Arkansas Senate were in 1877-78 and 1879-80. He died while still serving his final session. He is buried at the Bradley County Cemetery.", "title": "Biogrpahy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Closed access", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Open access", "Template:Arkansas-politician-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Włodzimierz Antoniewicz (July 15, 1893 – May 20, 1973) was a Polish archaeologist of Armenian descent, rector of the University of Warsaw, and a member of the PAN.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In his scientific work, Włodzimierz Antoniewicz focused on prehistoric archaeology of Polish lands. He presented a picture of the earliest history of Polish territories based on archaeological research. Antoniewicz discovered remains of Romanesque buildings in the archaeological station he founded in Wiślica. Additionally, he was the first to present a synthesis of the religions of ancient Slavs.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Włodzimierz Antoniewicz born on July 15, 1893, in Sambir, the son of the Polish Armenian Karol (postal controller, participant in the January Uprising) and Wanda Kurowska (painter and social activist).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He completed his secondary education at the gymnasium in Lvov. He studied archaeology and geography at the University of Lviv, the Jagiellonian University, as well as at universities in Vienna, Paris, and Prague. Among his teachers were, among others, Eugeniusz Romer and Ludomir Sawicki.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1914, he was severely wounded on the wartime front. After being discharged from the military, he worked as a curator at the Wawel Castle Museum (1916–1918). He defended his doctoral thesis at the Jagiellonian University in 1918 under the supervision of Piotr Ignacy Bieńkowski (The Significance of Amber in the Prehistory of Europe) From 1918 to 1920, he served as the deputy head of the Department of Culture and Art of the Temporary Governing Commission in Krakow. Antoniewicz briefly worked as an associate professor of prehistoric archaeology at the University of Poznań, where he also obtained his habilitation in 1920.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "From 1920 onwards, he was associated with the University of Warsaw. He served as the head of the Department of Prehistoric and Early Medieval Archaeology (after World War II, renamed the Department of Polish Archaeology), an associate professor (since 1924), a full professor (since 1928), the dean of the Faculty of Humanities (1934–1936), and finally, the rector (1936–1939). In October 1937, he issued an order introducing the ghetto bench segregation at the university.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "During the occupation period, he was a member of the Secret Senate of the University of Warsaw. At that time, he worked as a stoker in Warsaw schools and later found employment as a clerk in the Municipal Administration. He continued to give lectures at the University of Warsaw after the war until his retirement in 1963.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "From 1924 to 1939, he served as the director of the Warsaw Archaeological Museum named after Erazm Majewski. In the years 1945–1946, he was the vice-director of the National Museum of Archaeology, Poland.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Additionally, he collaborated with the Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Education. From 1921 to 1934, he lectured at the Free Polish University in Warsaw. Between 1925 and 1934, he also delivered lectures at the Vilnius University.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Włodzimierz Antoniewicz died on May 20, 1973, in Warsaw. He is buried in the cemetery in Milanówek.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Antoniewicz was a member of numerous scientific societies and academies, both Polish and international:", "title": "Membership in scientific organizations" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Antoniewicz was also an encyclopedist. He was listed among the 180 editors of the five-volume Ilustrowana encyklopedia Trzaski, Everta i Michalskiego, where he wrote entries on archaeological topics.", "title": "Selected publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Włodzimierz Antoniewicz published over 300 scientific papers, including:", "title": "Selected publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In the years 1959–1970, Antoniewicz published 10 volumes of the series Pasterstwo Tatr Polskich i Podhala (Shepherding in the Polish Tatra Mountains and Podhale). He also served as the editor of Wiadomości Archeologiczne, Światowid, and Postępy Archeologii during his career.", "title": "Selected publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Antoniewicz received several awards, decorations, and honors, including:", "title": "Awards, decorations, and honors" } ]

[ "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Infobox scientist", "Template:R", "Template:Citation", "Template:Monitor Polski", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mi Hee Lim (임미희, 1975~) is a KAIST Endowed Chair Professor in the Department of Chemistry in KAIST, South Korea and the Director of the Lim Lab at the Center for MNPC.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mi Hee Lim received her bachelor's degree in Chemistry at Ewha Womans University in 1999, her master's in Molecular Life Science at Ewha Womans University in 2001, and completed her Ph.D. in Chemistry in Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After receiving her doctorate degree in 2006, Mi Hee Lim became a postdoctoral scholar at California Institute of Technology until 2008, and served as a Research Assistant Professor in the Life Sciences Institute at the University of Michigan from 2008 to 2013. She then moved to South Korea and acquired her postition as Associate Professor of Chemistry at the Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology until 2018 and transferred to KAIST as an Associate Professor of Chemistry until 2020, where she has taken position as Endowed Chair Professor until the present.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mi Hee Lim participated in the \"Fluorescence-Based Nitric Oxide Detection\" Chapter of the book Advanced Concepts in Fluorescence Spectroscopy.", "title": "Books" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Mi Hee Lim's registered patents include Method for preparing brain microvascular endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells and use thereof from 2018. In 2019, patents, namely Composition including benzene diamine derivative for preventing or treating degenerative brain diseases, Composition For Preventing Or Treating Hair Loss Including Benzene Diamine Derivative, and Formulation For Enhanced Transdermal Absorption Of Drug were registered under Mihee Lim.", "title": "Patents" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The NN--p- Composition for preventing improving or treating Alzheimer's disease comprising NN-Diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine as an active ingredient was registered solely under Mihee Lim in 2020.", "title": "Patents" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite journal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea abhayana is a species of waterlily endemic to India.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea abhayana is an annual aquatic herb. The leaves are almost all submerged. The lamina is 13-15 cm long, and 16-18 cm wide. The green petioles are glabrous.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The 5-6 cm wide flowers float, but never extend above the water surface. The four 3.7-4 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide sepals display prominent venation. The seven 2.9-3.5 cm long, 0.5-0.7 cm wide petals display blueish-purple colouration. The androecium consists of 13 stamens. The flowers have 6-7 stigmatic rays. The globose, 0.7-2 cm wide fruit bears globose seeds.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Flowering and fruiting occurs from October to December.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It was first described by A.Chowdhury and M.Chowdhury in 2016.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The type specimen of Nymphaea abhayana was collected by Anurag et al. in Gorumara National Park, West Bengal, India, on the 16th of November 2014.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "It is close to Nymphaea nouchali.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The specific epithet abhayana honours Prof. Abhaya Prasad Das of the University of North Bengal and Rajiv Gandhi University.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Nymphaea abhayana has a very narrow distribution. It is a rare species.", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It occurs in ephemeral aquatic habitats, which dry up in December.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite POWO", "Template:Taxonbar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jessie Sarah Wright (née Barraud) was a Wellington based New Zealand artist who exhibited at the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jessie Sarah Wright was born in 1863, the third daughter of Charles Decimus Barraud, artist and pharmacist, and Sarah Barraud. From 1875 to 1877, she, with some of her family, visited England, and the letters that she wrote back to New Zealand are held in Alexander Turnbull Library.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1881, she exhibited at the Industrial Exhibition, and was awarded third place for the crayon drawing Nuggets from Coombe Hay. In 1883 and 1884 she exhibited at the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts, of which her father was a principal founder and later president. In 1883, she exhibited a work called Scarborough, of which a critic wrote:", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "“Scarborough,” (No. 11) by Miss J. Barraud, is a picture that we cannot make up our minds about. There is a boldness of coloring that belongs to no school that we are acquainted with, and yet is not inharmonious, and the picture is certainly characteristic of the Yorkshire coast. We want to have another look at it ; it is either very feeble or very good ; it is certainly out of the common.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 4 May 1886, she married George Robert Nicol Wright at St Paul's Cathedral. They lived on The Terrace, Wellington, next door to the Barraud family home and had three children, Eric, Charles and Jessie.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "She died on May 30 1892 aged 29 and was buried in Barraud family plot in Bolton Street Memorial Park, Wellington.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Draft topics", "Template:AfC topic", "Template:Infobox artist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:AFC submission", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Márton Fucsovics was the defending champion but chose not to defend his title.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "[[Category:2024 ATP Challenger Tour|Canberra Tennis International - 1]", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Columns-list", "Template:Draw key", "Template:4TeamBracket-Tennis3", "Template:16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Tennis events", "Template:Main" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Adidas Conext is a family and brand of association football balls. The Conext balls have had different numbers in their names (that recalls the year of first release) applied to them to distinguish them in their construction. The balls had been produced for various competitions including the FIFA Women's World Cup, the football competition of the Summer Olympic Games, the UEFA Super Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup, and various club national competitions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Adidas Conext 15 was based on the same technology introduced in the Adidas Brazuca. A first version was presented in September 2014 as the official match ball of UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying. The ball was mostly white, decorated with a black wavy 8-like shape, with red and silver details. Few months later, in late November 2014, was announced the version used for 2014 FIFA Club World Cup. This ball had slightly different colors in the decoration, because the black line presented red, green and blue elements inspired by nature. The same ball was also used for 2014–15 Copa del Rey and 2015 Supercopa de España. Another variant was used as official match ball of 2015 UEFA Super Cup, that had a green and blue pattern on the wavy shape.", "title": "Adidas Conext 15" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The ball was used also for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada; while the final of the tournament was played with the variant called Adidas Conext15 Final Vancouver, that was the first ball created specifically for a Women's World Cup final.", "title": "Adidas Conext 15" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Adidas Conext 19, that was based on the same seamless, mono-panel design as the Adidas Telstar 18, was officially announced as the official match ball of 2018 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates. The ball was mainly with with a triangular shaped pattern, made by glitched graphic in blue, red, yellow and green. Adidas produced also a winter version of the ball, painted in orange with a dark blue decoration. Adidas Conext 19 was used also for 2018–19 3. Liga, while a red variant was produced for 2019 J1 League. A green and blue variant was used as official match ball of 2019 UEFA Super Cup.", "title": "Adidas Conext 19" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The ball was used also for 36 matches in the group stage of 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup; while for the knock-out fase was used a match ball designed on purpose for the competition: Adidas Tricolore 19, that's inspired by the Tricolore ball that was used in the 1998 FIFA World Cup.", "title": "Adidas Conext 19" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Adidas Conext 21 was announced in December 2020 as the official match ball of 2020 FIFA Club World Cup in Qatar. The design was formed by six black four-legged star-like shapes, with blue, green and magenta details. A variant with a red and yellow details was used as official match ball for 2020–21 Copa del Rey and 2020 Supercopa de España. A green and blue variant was used as official match ball of 2021 UEFA Super Cup.", "title": "Adidas Conext 21" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Originally Adidas presented the Adidas Tsubasa as the ad hoc designed official match ball of 2020 Summer Olympics, but due to COVID-19 pandemic the Olympic games were postponed to Summer 2021. In July 2021 announced the replacement of Adidas Tsubasa with a variant of Conext 21, with a red decoration, as official match ball of the Olympic tournaments.", "title": "Adidas Conext 21" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The Adidas Conext 24 Pro was announced in December 2023 as the official match ball of 2023 FIFA Club World Cup in Saudi Arabia. The technology was the same introduced with Adidas Al Rihla, while the decoration was formed by triangular shapes with rounded vertexes. The ball is mainly white and pattern is black pink and orange. A variant has been announced also as official match ball for 2024 UEFA Super Cup.", "title": "Adidas Conext 24 Pro" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox product", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite press release" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Little Heath is an area of Cobham in the borough of Elmbridge in Surrey, England. It boarders the nearby villages of Oxshott and Stoke d'Abernon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The area is best known as the site of a Diggers settlement in 1649 when a group expelled from St George's Hill, Weybridge, successfully established a short lived community. The Diggers cultivated 11 acres, constructed six houses, and began publishing pamphlets. Despite initial sympathy from the local lord, Parson John Platt, the community faced opposition as Platt, along with local landowners, mobilized gangs to thwart support and, ultimately, drove them out in April 1650.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "During the 19 century a brickworks and clay pit occupied much of the Little Heath area. During the First World War the area was used as an ammunition dump with the brickworks resuming after the war. The site was occupied by the Canadian army during the Second World War. Following the war the brickworks reopened and continued until its final closure and the demolition of its buildings in 1958 and the old claypit turned into the brickpit lake. Housing was developed around on the northern end of the lake whilst the southern end was made into a public park accessible from paths at Heathield Road and Blundel Lane.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox UK place", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Elmbridge" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "In December 2023, students in Aceh, Indonesia protested and rioted against Rohingya refugees. The protests took place at the Balee Meuseraya Hall in Banda Aceh.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Rohingya are a stateless Muslim minority from Myanmar who is considered as the most persecuted group in world. They were considered as terrorist by Myanmar junta and fled to another countries, such as Bangladesh, to avoid violence. In Indonesia, Rohingya refugees already arrived since 2015 according to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) with more than 1100 arrived in November and December 2023. Most of them are heavily persecuted in Myanmar and escaped via sea journeys, reaching Malaysia and Indonesia. More than 800 come to arrived again in Indonesia causing the refusal of the Acehnese to accept due to lack of government. On 13 December, Retno Marsudi stated that the Rohingya refugees who landed in Aceh are the victim of human trafficking and people smuggling. Rohingya refugees continued to received anti-refugees rejection through a misinformation campaign by fake United Nations account. On 26 December, Prabowo Subianto stated that Indonesian government must pay attention to the interests of the people who still live under welfare rather than Rohingya refugees.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 27 December 2023, hundreds of students from several universities in Aceh, such as Al-Washliyah University, Abulyatama University, Bina Bangsa Getsempena University, and University of Muhammadiyah Aceh, came to Balee Meuseraya Hall in Banda Aceh, by representing Nusantara Student Executive Board. They demanding to meet with the Aceh Regional People's Representative Council and voiced action to reject the Rohingya, causing the women and children to cried. The students later ran to some of the refugees who were doing Salah and caused a commotion that caused several refugees to beg, and they later were detained by officers to prevent further commotion. However, they ran back inside the building and started to kick the refugess's belongings, and threw mineral water bottles at them which caused them to seated on the floor and crying in fear. The students also burned tyre and scuffled with the police chanting to kick and reject Rohingya in Aceh. The refugees later were led out carrying their belongings in plastic sacks and taken to trucks with the help of police officer. They were moved to Aceh Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. After moving the refugees, the students dancing and celebrating their action in front of Aceh Regional Office of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights which was recorded and uploaded on social media on 28 December.", "title": "Timeline" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees stated that the caused of the protest was the result of a coordinated online campaign containing misinformation, disinformation and hate speech against refugees. They urged the society to double-check all information about Rohingya refugees available online as much of it is false or distorted, with images created by artificial intelligence, and hate speech spread through bot accounts. Della Masrida, a student from Abulyatama University, said that the protest was caused due to Rohingya who came uninvited to Indonesia and acted like it is their country.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The lead of protest, Teuku Wariza Aris Munandar, who was a student at Al-Washliyah University, said that he only demand for the deportation of Rohingya. On 28 December 2023, it was revealed that Munandar is affiliated with Gerindra Party through Hadi Surya Youth Front which he later stated that the action had nothing to do with it. Munandar also revealed to be a former drug convict whom was sentenced two years in prison in September 2022 due to consuming methamphetamine, and added that he had been legally released.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) condemned the action and stated that the protest was one of the result of campaigns, misinformation and disinformation, as well as hate speech to attack Rohingya refugees. They also urged the Aceh government and law enforcement to provide protection for refugees, and asylum seekers who handle the matter.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Indonesian President, Joko Widodo, blamed a surge in human trafficking for the arrival of Rohingya refugees. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, Retno Marsudi, remained silent regarding the incident. National Human Right Commissioner, Parulian Sihombing, condemned the protests and asked the government and related institutions to guarantee the fate of Rohingya refugees. Mahfud MD responded said that during the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Aceh had received aid from all over the world as refugees and questioned why the students now refused to help Rohingya.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "One of the refugees, Rohimatun, said that the protest scared her to death and caused her children to caught a fever. Another refugees, Muhammad Syakhi, said that he escaped from Bangladesh to Aceh due to the news that the people were friendly which turn out to be no difference from Bangladesh.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The incident also received a coverage from several International media, such as Al Jazeera, Euronews, Reuters, and DW News. Palestinian journalist, Hebh Jamal, commented the incident on her Instagram stories and stated that Indonesia has a hypocritical nature due protests for Palestine's independence but treats refugees with the same hatred as Israel. She also added that Palestine doesn't need support from Indonesian who do not support the liberation and survival of refugees, and later call Indonesian citizens hypocrites.", "title": "Reactions" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "On 28 December 2023, Mahfud MD moved the 137 Rohingya refugees from Meuseraya Aceh Hall to Indonesian Red Cross Society and Aceh Foundation Building, with the help from Jusuf Kalla. He also deployed police personnel to maintain the security of Rohingya refugees. On 29 December, the students returned the refugees to Meuseraya Aceh Hall due to Ministry of Law and Human Rights does not provide adequate facilities.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

[ "Template:Main article", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "User:RMCD bot/subject notice", "Template:Copy edit", "Template:Infobox civilian attack" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Heads Up! is an album by the American musician Lil' Ed Williams, released in 2002. It was his fifth album for Alligator Records. He is credited with his band, the Blues Imperials. Williams supported the album with a North American tour. Heads Up! debuted at No. 14 on Billboard's Top Blues Albums chart.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lil' Ed wrote 11 of the album's songs. His wife, Pam, wrote \"My Mind Is Gone\". His stepbrother, Pookie Young, played bass on the album. \"Black Night\" is a cover of the Jessie Mae Robinson song.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Ottawa Citizen called Lil' Ed the \"spiritual descendent of houserocking giant Hound Dog Taylor.\" The Philadelphia Inquirer praised the \"the achingly brooding 'I Still Love You'.\" The Toronto Star noted that Lil' Ed's \"voice is more tough and gruff than tender, with fat hints of Taj Mahal.\" The Gazette said that Lil' Ed fronts \"one of the tightest rhythm sections in the blues.\" The Chicago Tribune opined that, \"blues being blues, Williams, a decent guitarist, over-solos on 'Black Night' and 'I Still Love You'.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "AllMusic advised: \"Listen to 'The Creeper' to get an idea of the savage fury that he can channel through his slide guitar work. This disc manifests that feel for the blues that can't be taught, but must be both lived and seen from the inside.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Infobox album", "Template:Music ratings", "Template:Track listing", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "TeJyrica Robinson (born 27 August 1998) is an American hurdler. She was a finalist in the 100 metres hurdles at the 2021 United States Olympic trials and the 2021 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Robinson is from Quincy, Florida and attended Lincoln High School from 2012 to 2016. At the 2016 class 3A Florida High School Athletic Association state championship, she finished 3rd in both the 100 metres hurdles and 300 metres hurdles.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Following high school, Robinson joined the Charleston Southern Buccaneers track and field team for the 2016-17 season, winning the Big South Conference outdoor championships in the 4 × 100 m relay. She then transferred to the North Carolina A&T Aggies track and field program for the rest of her collegiate career from 2018 to 2021.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At North Carolina AT&T, Robinson qualified for the 2021 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships in the 100 metres hurdles and advanced to the finals with a runner-up finish in her semifinal. At the finals, she fell on the last hurdle and had to walk to the finish, placing 8th in 29.11 seconds. Nonetheless, by qualifying for the finals she scored one point for North Carolina AT&T and was described as playing a role in the team's legitimacy.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Following the NCAA Championships, Robinson competed at the 2021 United States Olympic trials. She qualified for the 100 m hurdles finals and finished 9th in 12.99 seconds. After failing to make the team, Robinson ran the European professional track circuit over the summer, including winning a silver medal at the Hungarian Athletics Grand Prix and a bronze in the 2021 Anniversary Games 4 × 100 m.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Robinson is now an assistant coach for the North Carolina Wesleyan Battling Bishops track and field program.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Nowrap", "Template:Citeweb", "Template:Cite web", "Template:World Athletics", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Gold1", "Template:Reflist", "Template:TFRRS" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekly box office in Japan during 1997. Amounts are in Yen and are from Japan's nine major cities.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Dts", "Template:List of Box office number-one films", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Swynfen Stevens Jervis (10 May 1797-15 January 1867) was a British politician and writer, who represented Bridport in Parliament from 1837 to 1841.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jervis was a member of a wealthy landowning family resident at Darlaston Hall in Staffordshire, and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford He was elected for Bridport at the 1837 general election as a Radical, and frequently rebelled against the Whig government. He strongly supported free trade in grain, opposed the government's Irish policy, and attacked the Church of England. He provoked further controversy by sending his correspondence with the whips in the newspapers. He stood down and did not contest the 1841 general election.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Jervis was an \"eccentric\" writer and intellectual, who was associated with Dante Rossetti and Christina Rossetti. He insisted on a high standard of education for his daughters, one of whom, Agnes (1822–1902) married the writer George Henry Lewes and later collaborated with him. His Dictionary of the Language of Shakespeare was under revision at the time of his death, and published the following year, edited by Alexander Dyce.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite odnb" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The following is a list of notable events and releases that happened in Scandinavian music in 2024. (Go to last year in Scandinavian music or next year in Scandinavian music.)", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nightwish take a break from touring following the release of their tenth studio album.", "title": "Events" } ]

[ "Template:Year in music", "Template:Year nav topic5", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Use dmy dates" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vilma Itälinna (born 23 May 2003) is a multi-event track and field athlete from Finland. In 2023, she became the Finnish national champion in the short track pentathlon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "From Tampere, she is a member of Tampereen Pyrintö Athletics Club and is coached by Jesse Jokinen. Since childhood, she has been close friends and training partners with fellow Tampere athlete Saga Vanninen with the pair also playing football together for Ilves. The pair are also trained by former Finnish champion Tiia Hautala.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In August 2021, she won the Finiah National U20 championships in the heptathlon.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In February 2023, she became the national champion in the pentathlon with a new personal best score of 4223 points, which placed her fourth all-time for Finnish U23 female athletes. Her long jump distance was also equal to that reached by the winner of the long jump competition, Jessica Kähärä. She also recorded personal bests in the 60 metres hurdles (8.51 seconds) and in the shot put (12.48m).", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In May 2023, she won the Western Finland regional championship in the heptathlon. In doing so, she secured the qualification standard for the European U23 Championship. Competing in the 2023 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's heptathlon in Espoo in July 2023, she briefly led the competition when she won the 100 metres hurdles event. She also set a new 12.52 personal best in the shot put and finished the first day sixth overall, before gold was ultimately won by her compatriot Saga Vanninen and Itälinna finished twelfth overall.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zhang Qi (born 11 September 1998) is a Chinese freestyle wrestler. She won a gold medal in the 59 kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships held in Belgrade, Serbia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Zhang is from Baishan in Jilin province.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In September 2023, Zhang won a gold medal in the 59 kg event at the 2023 World Wrestling Championships by defeating Yuliya Tkach.", "title": "Background" } ]

[ "Template:Sports links", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Nbsp", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sérgio Gonçalves Lopes (born 11 January 1941), better known as Sérgio Lopes, is a Brazilian former professional footballer and manager who played as a midfielder.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sérgio began his career with São Paulo FC youth team, and in 1957 he was promoted to the professional ranks, being part of the state champion squad. He was also a great highlight in the Pentagonal Tournament of Guadalajara in 1960. Sérgio was exactly 1.90 meters tall, an unusual height for the time, which earned him the nickname \"fita métrica\" (tape measure). Even though he is slender, became a midfielder instead of a defender, due to his talent for distributing games with precise passes.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was Gaucho champion with SC Internacional in 1961 and five more times with Grêmio, a club where he accumulated 314 appearances and 54 goals, being considered one of the greatest in history. He also played for Portuguesa, Athletico Paranaense, Sampaio Corrêa and Figueirense, where he was state champion in 1974.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sérgio Lopes played with the number 10 shirt for the Brazilian team in two matches, in April 1966 for the Copa Bernardo O'Higgins against Chile, when football players from Rio Grande do Sul represented Brazil.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Sérgio Lópes had a vast career as a coach, starting shortly after retiring as a player at Figueirense in 1976. However, it was at rival Avaí in 1988 that Sérgio Lopes achieved the first major triumph of his career, by winning the Santa Catarina state championship in 1988. In 1990, returned to Figueirense and achieved the feat of becoming a champion as a player and manager by winning the Copa Santa Catarina in 1990.", "title": "Managerial career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1993, at ABC de Natal, he had the mission of replacing Erandy Montenegro in the final stretch of that year's championship, and again won a state tournament. He also had spells at Santa Cruz, Paulista, Athletico Paranaense and Londrina.", "title": "Managerial career" } ]

[ "Template:Fortaleza Esporte Clube managers", "Template:Navboxes bottom", "Template:Santa Cruz Futebol Clube managers", "Template:Paulista Futebol Clube managers", "Template:Inlang", "Template:Brasil de Pelotas managers", "Template:Navboxes top", "Template:Figueirense FC managers", "Template:Club Athletico Paranaense managers", "Template:ABC Futebol Clube managers", "Template:Londrina Esporte Clube managers", "Template:América Futebol Clube (RN) managers", "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Avaí FC managers", "Template:Criciúma Esporte Clube managers", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Cite web" ]

[]

[ "Template:Redirect category shell" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Avoca Beach Theatre is a historic movie theater located in Avoca Beach, New South Wales. First established as an outdoor cinema in the late 1940s, it was formally opened in late 1951. The theatre offers a range of events from film screenings to live music and comedy performances.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The BBC listed it as one of the 10 most beautiful cinemas in the world.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Growing up, Norman Hunter and his family would travel from their home in Emu Plains to Avoca Beach for the holidays.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1948, Hunter permanently relocated to Avoca in the hopes the warmer weather would improve his wife Dulcie's health. The Hunters began weekly outdoor screenings of films produced by Shell Australia. The money they initially raised from the screenings was put towards building a rockpool at Avoca Beach. Shortly after, Norman and his brother Mervyn applied to develop a 500-seat cinema.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Construction finally began on the theatre in the Autumn of 1951 and it formally opened in December. The building was designed by local architect T.A. Mayo and due to material shortages after World War 2, most of the materials were recycled. The site's projectors and seats were repurposed from an MGM theatre in Manly, concrete blocks for the site were made by a local farmer and steel support beams came from the Hunter's property in Emu Plains. Alongside the cinema, the building featured retail space for two additional shops. Norman Hunter attributed the idea for the cinema to Dulcie, who had recently passed away.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The first films screened at the cinema were the comedies Two Weeks with Love and The Big Hangover.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The theatre originally operated on Saturdays and during the school holidays, while on Sundays it held church services.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 1974, 24-year-old Paul Brennan bought the business after the theatre suffered storm damage. Brennan undertook renovations of the site and installed a cafe. Under Brennan's custodianship, the cinema operated seven days a week and screened both first-release and classic films, while also holding events like live performances and annual dress-up parties. Brennan operated the theatre until 1992.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Leaseholder Paul Gibbs oversaw a renovation of the cinema during his tenure in 1990s. Gibbs imported adjustable seating from a theatre being demolition in Florida. Upon arrival the seats were rust-proofed and uphsoletered before installation. Gibbs also upgraded the theatre's sound system and oversaw the construction of an upstairs office.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "During the period, the cinema was notable amongst travellers for it's complimentary tea and coffee.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Before the release of The Phantom Menace in 1999, the cinema's manager, Peter Hindmarsh, spoke out against the \"fairly horrible\" restrictions placed on single-screen cinemas by distributors. 20th Century Fox required cinemas who chose to play the film to screen it for eight weeks, with three day and two night sessions daily. Hindmarsh said, \"our entire program is consumed by Star Wars\".", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The Avoca Beach Theatre celebrated 50th years since it opened in December 2001 and was listed by the National Trust of Australia.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 2002, the building's owners Beth and Norman Hunter Jr acquired the site's adjoining garden at auction for $1.75 million. 200 protestors attended the auction to support the Theatre and oppose housing developers. The cinema had previously used the gardens for al fresco dining and outdoor screenings.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In 2006, the site's leaseholder Lynda and Russell Hansen decided to temporarily close the cinema after the building owners failed to address concerns about fire safety. Gosford City Council stated that if repairs weren't made they would enforce a work order. While the cinema was closed, Hansen arranged screenings at nearby Kantara House in Green Point. After negotiations dragged, Lynda and Russell Hansens decided to terminate their lease for the theatre.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "In late 2006, Beth and Norman (Jr) Hunter took over operations of the theatre. It was the first time the Hunter family had operated the cinema since the 1970s. The cinema was reopened after interior renovations were completed.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In 2008, the cinema celebrated 60 years since films began screening in the Hunter's backyard with a screening of The Red Shoes. The cinema commemorated the occasion by framing and displaying their archive of retro movie posters.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Avoca Beach Theatre won the Australian International Movie Convention's Best National Independent Regional Cinema Award in 2008 and 2010.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "In 2009, the cinema hosted the first formally organised Central Coast Film Festival as an initiative to highlight local talent. Australian film critic Margaret Pomeranz and cinematographer Don McAlpine were chosen as Patrons for the festival. The festival received over 100 entries and featured a special screening of Breaker Morant.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "In April 2016, local actor Martin Ashley Jones partnered with the cinema to host blue2blue, Australia's first annual Drone and Action Camera Film Festival. Jones believed it was the perfect time to start the initiative after \"how many locals already have cameras stuck on their surfboards, skateboards and bike helmets and ... the number of drones I've seen up in the air\".", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, the cinema's owners called for an extension of the Australian Federal Government's Job Keeper support payments. While federal government financial support was about to end, cinemas were still restricted to 75 per cent capacity. NSW cinemas were forced to close in both 2020 and 2021 due to the NSW government's lockdown restrictions.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "In 2023, an accessible floor and new seating were installed. The renovation removed all steps from the theatre floor.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "After the Hunters purchased the site's adjoining garden in 2002, Norman Hunter stated that plans were in the work to expand the complex. Hunter expressed interest in extra cinema screens, apartments, a restaurant and a stage for outdoor concerts.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "In 2003, the Hunters showcased plans to expand the cinema. The plans included 2 extra screens, 5 apartments, a 60-seat restaurant, a gallery, and basement parking for 16 cars. Mrs Hunter stated the development was integral to the Cinema's survival. Members of the local community, including the cinema's leaseholder Lynda Hansen, opposed the plans for the redevelopment. Hansen stated the proposed development was too big for the area.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "In 2005, local filmmaker Michael Rubbo's documentary, Our Little Treasure, which outlines opposition to the redevelopment screened at the cinema.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "A Gosford City Council report on the development's local environment plan stated the development was \"satisfactory 'in principle' from a land use viewpoint\" but did not handle concerns raised by the National Trust, the NSW Heritage Office or the local community. The council voted to approve the plan and forwarded it to the NSW State Government. Planning Minister Frank Sartor approved the plan, with restrictions on the site's size and changes to the original theatre.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "In 2012, the Hunters submitted a formal development application for the site that included a five-screen cinema, five units, a gallery and a café. Local residents expressed concern at the scale of the development and loss of the site's heritage value. Mr Hunter stated \"Single-screen cinemas are no longer a viable business option.\" In 2015, Gosford Council voted to reject the planned development. The council was concerned about issues with parking, flooding and how the building's size would clash with the local area's character. In 2016, the Council added the theatre to a list of proposed heritage protected sites. After the Hunters lodged an appeal in the Land and Environment Court, the development plan was approved in 2017. The court found the site was not worthy of a heritage listing and the approved plan saw a reduction from 5 a screen complex to 4.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "In 2022, modifications to the development application were announced. The plans include the site's original theatre, a new 54-seat theatre with ajoining cafe, a 32-seat theatre and a piano bar that doubles as a cinema. The site would also feature five apartments.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "Avoca Beach Theatre offers both film screenings and live on stage musical performances. The theatre has seen performances from acts like David Helfgott, Amelia Farrugia, Teddy Tahu Rhodes & Simon Tedeschi. Frequent performers also include tribute bands to acts like The Beatles, Blues Brothers, Billy Joel, Elton John and the Ratpac.", "title": "Schedule and repertoire" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Alongside the theatre's traditional cinema offerings, it specialises in independent, international and arthouse cinema, National Theatre Live and retrospective screenings. Throughout the year the theatre plays hosts to a variety of film festivals like the French Film Festival, RunNation Film Festival & Ocean Film Festival. The cinema also hosts dress up parties for special screenings.", "title": "Schedule and repertoire" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "The theatre is home to the Avoca Beach Comedy Club.", "title": "Schedule and repertoire" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "The cinema has a film discussion group which meets first session each Wednesday & Thursday to see the week's new movie.", "title": "Schedule and repertoire" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Citation", "Template:Note", "Template:Infobox venue", "Template:Ref", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Official website" ]

[]

[ "Template:Redirect category shell" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The statue of Colombian singer Shakira stands at the Gran Malecon de Barranquilla, in Barranquilla, Colombia.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In June 2023, Jaime Pumarejo, the mayor of Barranquilla, Call the sculptor Yino Marquez and let him know that he is a candidate for the Shakira sculpture. Márquez found out he had been chosen about a month later, when the mayor announced it to the public.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Reads the plaque below the statue:“A heart that composes, hips that don't lie, an unmatched talent, a voice that moves the masses and bare feet that march for the good of children and humanity.”", "title": "Inscriptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Shakira shared statue photo on Instagram, In the photo, the singer's parents are photographed at the feet of the statue. Shakira wrote in the caption: “It makes me happy to share this with my parents and especially my mother on her birthday.”", "title": "Inscriptions" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox artwork", "Template:Clear", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Emily M. J. Cooley was an American religious and and temperance leader.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Emily Maria Jones was born in Lima, N. Y., 1st November, 1831, Her maternal ancestry was of the French nobility who, for religion's sake, left title, fortune and home, and, casting their lot with the persecuted Huguenots, found in New Jersey, among the Quakers, a refuge and a home where they might worship according to their faith. Many of the descendants became distinguished soldiers during the national struggle. On her father's side she is descended from the Puritans of 1636. They settled in North Adams, Mass., and some of the eminent men of that State are of kindred blood Till the age of sixteen she attended the public schools, and then was a student for a year each in Buffalo, in Rochester and in Aurora Academy, now Wells College. She was for five years a teacher in Buffalo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She married Rev. R. Cooley, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a graduate in Meadville, Pa.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After that for one year she was preceptress of Cooperstown Seminary.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "They moved to Wisconsin in 1862, and she began her public work in the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. She was for several years vice-president of the society in Wisconsin Conference and organized many auxiliaries.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Her temperance work was begun in 1S69. When once awakened to the extent of the liquor evil, she became one of its most determined foes. Though grown white-haired in the service, she is still an indefatigable worker in the cause of prohibition.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1880 her husband was transferred to the Nebraska Conference. She had resolved to enjoy home rest for a season after that change, but her fame preceded her in letters to the State officers from Miss Willard and others. She was made State organizer for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Nebraska, in her first year with that body. She served four years as State and three years as National organizer, speaking in every State of the Union. She has been for several years president of the second district Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Nebraska.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Though not an ordained minister of the M. E. Church, being a woman, she was known as an \"exhorter,\" and she was twice appointed by the presiding elder to supply the pulpit of a church without a pastor. Each time her labors were successful and the membership greatly increased.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Source-attribution", "Template:Wikisource-inline", "Template:Portal", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sijiqingqiao (Chinese: 四季青桥; pinyin: Sìjìqīng Qiáo) is a Beijing Subway station under construction. It will be the terminus of the Line 12, which is about to open in 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It is located under the intersection between West 4th Ring Road North and Tonghui Road and Zhanghua Road. It is in the south of Sijiqing Bridge, where the name of the station comes from.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It is on the border between Shuguang Subdistrict and Sijiqing Area, in Haidian, Beijing.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The station was formally named as \"Sijiqing\". On 21th July 2023, the station was renamed as \"Sijiqingqiao\".", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "There is proposals about the extension of Line 12 from Sijiqingqiao station to Haidian Wuluju, which would become the interchange station between Lines 6 and 12.", "title": "Future Development" } ]

[ "Template:Beijing Subway Station", "Template:Beijing-Subway-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox station", "Template:Zh", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea alexii is a species of waterlily endemic to Queensland, Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea alexii is an annual or perennial plant with 2 cm wide, globose rhizomes. The elliptic, 15 cm long, and 10 cm wide leaf blades have a slightly sinuate margin.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The fragrant flowers extend up to 30 cm above the water surface. The androecium consists of 150 stamens with 17 mm long membranous filaments. The gynoecium consists of 8-16 carpels. The apex of the ovary often displays red colouration. The 4.5 cm wide, globose fruit bears elongate, glabrous, longitudinally ridged, 1-2 mm long seeds.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It was first described by Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs and Carl Barre Hellquist in 2006.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The type specimen was collected by Jacobs and Hellquist in Queensland, Australia on the 17th of April 2005.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Confluentes.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Nymphaea alexii is named after Alex James Fussell, the grandson of Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "It occurs in shallow margins of lagoons, and in ephemeral billabongs.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite POWO", "Template:Taxonbar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Edward D. \"Éamonn\" Draper (1940 – 27 December 2023) was an Irish actor and director.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Draper was born in Dublin but grew up in Cork. A schoolboy interest in drama, developed by one of his teachers, saw him acting in the Cork Opera House at a young age. Draper later studied Irish at University College Cork, before joining the Defence Forces. He was commissioned with the 35th Cadet Class of 1961–62 and held the rank of Captain.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Draper continued his involvement with drama on an amateur level during his time in the Irish Army. He left in 1968 to pursue a professional acting career, and worked in Irish language productions with the Daimler Theatre and with the Abbey Theatre. Draper secured his biggest television role in 1970 when he was cast as garage owner Willie Mahony in the RTÉ soap opera The Riordans. He also had a close association as an actor and director with An Taibhdhearc in Galway. Draper's other acting credits include Fair City, Ros na Rún, Killinaskully, Vikings, An Crisis and Game of Thrones.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Draper died in Cork on 27 December 2023, at the age of 83.", "title": "Death" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:IMDb name", "Template:Short description" ]

[]

[ "Template:Redirect category shell" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Kasadyahan Festival is a cultural festival that is part of the larger Dinagyang Festival held annually on the fourth Saturday of January in Iloilo City, Philippines. It is a competition among cultural festivals from different cities and towns in the Western Visayas region.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The festival aims to promote and preserve the traditions and customs of the region, bringing together different communities in a vibrant display of creativity and unity. It is one of the most anticipated festivals in the Philippines, attracting both locals and tourists from around the world.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The word Kasadyahan is derived from the Hiligaynon word sadya, which means joy, merriment, or happiness.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Kasadyahan Festival was first celebrated on January 26, 1968, as a way to showcase the rich cultural heritage of Iloilo City and its surrounding areas. It started as a small event and has grown over the years into a grand celebration of music, dance, and colorful costumes. It became part of the Dinagyang Festival in the 1980s to showcase the talents of the students as well as the rich cultural heritage of the province of Iloilo. In the first few years of this event, schools from various towns and cities in the province participated in this competition, but in recent times, the cultural competition confined only to the province has become a regional event, accepting entries from other provinces of the region, showcasing the best of Western Visayas cultural and historical heritage.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2010, there was a proposal to separate the Kasadyahan from the Dinagyang Festival, but it was never finalized. The proposal came up again in July 2019 when the Iloilo Festivals Foundation Inc. (IFFI) announced that, starting in 2020, Kasadyahan would no longer be part of Dinagyang. Instead, they brought in the \"sadsad,\" a merry-making tradition from the Ati-Atihan Festival of Kalibo, Aklan. Considerations were made for the celebration of the Kasadyahan Festival in a separate month or possibly incorporated into the celebration of Iloilo City's Charter Day. However, these plans got canceled due to the pandemic.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Subsequently, in 2023, the festival returned as Kasadyahan Regional Cultural Competition into the Dinagyang Festival schedule, taking place on the Saturday preceding the main events of the mardi gras celebration or the Ati Tribe competition on Sunday.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Commons category", "Template:Iloilo City", "Template:Coord missing", "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zachariasz Kieński (died 1857) was a Polish military officer, and a major general of the Imperial Russian Army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Zachariasz Kieński was a major general of the Imperial Russian Army in the 19th century. During his service, he was awarded with numerous orders and honours. Kieński was married to Wilhelmina Kieńska (née Pahlen).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He died in 1857, in Pisa, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (now part of Italy). His body was murried in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire (now part of Poland, at the Caucasian Muslim Cemetary. His wife was burried in the same grave.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Patrocicio \"Patrick\" Dourado (born 23 June 1939) is and Indian playwright, theatre director, singer, composer and ghost writer who works on the Konkani stage. Throughout a career that has lasted for over six decades, he has written scripts for more than 100 tiatrs, starting in 1957 at the age of 18.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dourado embarked on his journey in Konkani theatre at a tender age of approximately 18, when he successfully produced his inaugural play, Nagounnechi Girestkai. With the support of his local acquaintances, the play was staged during the chapel feast at Pedda-Benaulim on 12 October 1957. The cast members included Xavie (Bhatagoto), Jack Mendes, Santan Fernandes, and Francis Koloi. While Dourado had completed the script for the play, he encountered challenges in composing the accompanying cantos or songs due to his limited knowledge in musical composition. In search of guidance, Dourado approached a fellow villager named Caetano Piedade Fernandes, who possessed a wealth of experience in songwriting. Fernandes agreed to assist Dourado but not before imparting a lengthy lecture to him.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the earlier years of Konkani play scripting, the storylines were often transcribed in 32-page notebooks, eventually transitioning to larger registers in subsequent times. Notably, there was no formalized script for dialogue during this period; rather, emphasis was placed solely on composing songs that narrated the unfolding narrative. Dourado received valuable tutelage on song composition from his maternal uncle, Antonio Colaco of Bansi ward, who directed zhomnivell khells in Cacora- Sanvordem. Building upon his initial play, Dourado composed additional songs and sought a final evaluation from Francis Koloi, whose satisfaction with the composition affirmed Dourado's abilities and encouraged him to forge ahead without hesitation. In a June 2016 interview with The Times of India, Dourado acknowledged the assistance rendered by C P Bebo in his songwriting endeavors.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Dourado has gained recognition in the field of scripting folk plays and continuous dramas. His skills as a composer on the Konkani stage, particularly in creating heartfelt songs and captivating cantos, have earned him reputation. In addition, he has served as a ghost composer for numerous audio albums, composing lyrics for hundreds of songs and collaborating with various singers. Dourado's talents extend beyond music composition, as he has written numerous tiatrs (theatrical plays) and has also worked as a ghost writer for well-known directors.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Due to the nature of his shows being staged on a contractual basis by professional contractors, Dourado has faced financial constraints and has not been able to derive significant financial benefits. Consequently, he has relied on collaborations with producers and contractors, as he lacked the means to book halls and stage his shows in towns. Dourado himself acknowledges that organizing shows on a contractual basis does not yield substantial financial returns. Known for his storytelling abilities, as described by Daniel F de Souza of The Goan Everyday, Dourado emphasizes the importance of patience in writing tiatrs. He draws inspiration from accomplished playwrights of the past, such as M. Boyer, Prem Kumar, and C. Alvares, who would release their tiatrs once every two years, resulting in shows of quality in all aspects.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Polk is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Kansas, United States.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Short description", "Template:Cite gnis2" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sir Horace St Paul, 2nd Baronet (29 December 1812–1891) was a British landowner and politician, who represented East Worcestershire in Parliament between 1837 and 1841.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Horace St Paul was born on 29 December 1812, the only son of Horace St Paul, MP for Bridport, and Anna Maria, the illegitimate daughter of John Ward, 2nd Viscount Dudley and Ward. His father inherited a title as a count of the Austrian Empire that same year, and was created a baronet in 1813. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "St Paul contested East Worcestershire as a Conservative at the 1835 general election, when he was narrowly defeated by two Whig candidates, and again at the 1837 general election, when he was returned along with another Conservative. He stood down and did not contest the 1841 general election.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On his father's death in October 1840 he inherited an estate of over £100,000, together with the Austrian countship and the baronetcy. He married Jane Eliza Grey in 1867, and had one daughter, Maria, born 1868. He died 28 May 1891, when the baronetcy became extinct.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite encyclopedia", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle of the citadel of Vicenza was fought between november 26th and 29th 1509 in Vicenza (Veneto), as an episode of the War of the League of Cambrai.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In may 1509, after the after the big defeat suffered in the Battle of Agnadello, seemed that the Venetian army was destined to fall with the Republic of Venice. During the summer, the League of Cambrai's armies, the Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of France, Marquisate of Mantua, Papal States and Duchy of Ferrara's ones, invaded Veneto.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "However, Serenissima managed to resist and in october, after the defeat in the Siege of Padua, the french army's marshal Jacques de la Palice left Veneto moving to Milan, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I left the battle field, too, moving to Trento.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Due to the Emperor's leaving, the Venetians, during November, took back a big part of Veneto and, in november 26th, the inhabitants of Vicenza opened the doors to Andrea Gritti and venetian army. However, the imperial garrison located in Vicenza didn't leave the city and, commanded by the Prince of Anhalt Rudolph IV, placed in the fortified citadel. Started a three-days clash between the Venetian army and the Imperial one, won by the first one which took the control over the citadel.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox military conflict", "Template:Campaignbox War of the League of Cambrai", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Belfast United is the name of a proposed English Premier League football club during the late 1990s, which was to be created by relocating an existing club from the UK mainland to Belgast in Northern Ireland. The project was discussed by the Government of Tony Blair, and was seen as a way of uniting the community of Northern Ireland following The Troubles.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the 1997 election of the Labour Party, and the conclusion of The Troubles, informal discussions took place with a view to relocating an English Premier League football club from the UK mainland to Belfast in Northern Ireland. It was proposed the club would be named Belfast United, and the move was seen as a potential way \"to build up strong cross-community support and provide a positive unifying force in a divided city\". The idea was favoured by then UK prime minister Tony Blair, who felt it would be a \"significant breakthrough if Belfast had a football team playing in the English Premier League\". The proposal involved relocating Wimbledon F.C. from London to Belfast, as Wimbledon needed to move from its Plough Lane stadium as a result of the findings of the 1990 Taylor Report commissioned following the Hillsborough disaster, which had recommended clubs should move towards having all-seater stadiums. Plough Lane was also deemed to be unfit for redevelopment.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Along with the proposed move came the suggested construction of a £45m mainly private sector funded 40,000-seat sports stadium in Belfast, planned for completion in 1999, as well as a sport academy to be located either on Queen's Island in east Belfast or North Foreshore in North Belfast. It was believed that the proposals would bring new investment to Northern Ireland, as well as giving Belfast an international sporting profile if a team based in the city were seen to be performing well in both English and European football competitions.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1998, notes regarding the discussions were leaked to the Belfast Telegraph, which then published an article about the project, claiming that it was supported by Mo Mowlam, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, although Mowlam personally believed the idea was not \"particularly safe\". The same article quoted a note by Alastair Campbell, the Downing Street Chief Press Secretary, which commented on discussions Wimbledon owner Sam Hammam had undertaken with officials at the Football Association of Ireland about possibly moving the club to Dublin, but which \"seems to have come to naught\". A memo regarding the Belfast proposal, and signed by Blair on 16 July 1998, suggested \"we should encourage this as much as possible\". However, although Downing Street was in favour of the idea, local football officials in Northern Ireland were concerned the plans could \"kill off the game in Northern Ireland\", and by August 1998 the project was described as being at a \"delicate stage\", with Irish football officials continuing \"to resist the idea strongly\". Moreover, Gerry Loughran, Permanent Secretary to the Department of Economic Development, did not believe the mid-table Wimbledon would be capable of playing in Europe, or that fans would transfer their loyalty to the relocated club.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Following resistance to the project, the idea was not mentioned again after 1999, and focus switched to building a new national football stadium for Northern Ireland. The venue was finally opened at Windsor Park, home of Linfield F.C., in 2016.", "title": "Subsequent developments" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Wimbledon F.C. moved from the Plough Lane stadium in 1998 to ground share with Crystal Palace F.C. at Selhurst Park, and the Plough Lane stadium was later demolished. Wimbledon was relegated from the Premier League in 2000, and in 2002 were given permission to relocate to Milton Keynes and change their name. The club was renamed MK Dons F.C. in 2004. In 2002, a new club, AFC Wimbledon, was formed by supporters of the original Wimbledon, and began competing in the Combined Counties League Premier Division. The club reached the English Football League in 2011.", "title": "Subsequent developments" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In December 2023, UK government papers discussing the project were released to the National Archives. Commenting on the plans, Jim Boyce, who chaired the Irish Football Association during the 1990s, described it as a \"publicity stunt\".", "title": "Subsequent developments" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Underconstruction", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:About", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Muhammad Aamir Nawaz Rana (Urdu: محمد عامر نواز رانا, born 21 November 1974), has been serving as a Justice in the Balochistan High Court (BHC) since 7 July 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Before becoming a judge, he worked as an Advocate High Court and held the position of Chief of the Balochistan High Court Bar Association. He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the BHC on 7 July 2022, and later confirmed as a Judge on 27 June 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He served on the appellant bench responsible for reviewing appeals against the decisions made by Returning Officers concerning the acceptance or rejection of candidates' nomination papers for the General Elections-2024.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Lang-ur", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox officeholder" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Bank of Baden (German: Badische Bank) was a German public bank founded in 1870, based in Mannheim until 1932 and from that date in Karlsruhe. It issued its own banknotes until 1935. In 1978, it merged with Württembergische Bank and private-sector Handelsbank Heilbronn to form Baden-Württembergische Bank [de], which in turn was merged in 2005 into Landesbank Baden-Württemberg.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following discussions about the establishment of a central bank going at least as far back as 1844, the Grand Duchy of Baden was prompted into action by the momentum of German unification. It received its banking license from the Grand-Ducal government on 25 March 1870. The government was a shareholder alongside private bankers from Baden, Adolf von Hansemann of the Berlin-based Disconto-Gesellschaft, and Baron Carl von Rothschild of the Frankfurt-based M. A. Rothschild & Söhne. The capital amounted to 10,500,000 guilders (6,000,000 thalers) divided into 30,000 shares of 350 guilders (or 200 thalers). A branch opened in Karlsruhe as early as 1871.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The bank had the right to issue banknotes up to three times the paid-in capital. The cover of the notes in circulation was one-third in silver and two-thirds in gold or foreign exchange. In return for the issuance privilege, the bank was obliged to distribute a fifth of its profits to the Grand-Ducal government after deducting a 5 percent dividend. This state share rose from 2,626.80 gold marks in 1880 to 22,885 marks in 1890.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 1 December 1870 the Badische Bank issued 10-guilder notes, and on 1 July 1871, 50-guilder notes. The note circulation was 11,370,000 guilders in 1871 and rose to 30,276,000 guilders by 1874. After the Reich-wide introduction of the mark currency, 100-mark notes followed in 1874, 1890, 1902, 1907 and 1918. All of these banknotes were printed by Dondorf & Naumann [de] in Frankfurt.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "During the inflation period in the early 1920s, the Bank of Baden issued banknotes with denominations of 500 marks (on August 1, 1922), 5,000 marks, 10,000 marks, 500,000 marks, 1 million marks, 20 million marks, 2 billion marks and 100 billion marks within just over a year Mark (on October 30, 1923). In October 1924 it again issued banknotes for 50 Reichsmarks.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1931, the Republic of Baden acquired a block of shares from Deutsche Bank and thereby became the majority shareholder. The next year, it relocated its head office to Karlsruhe. In 1934 the National Socialist government abolished the note-issuance privilege. The bank subsequently expanded as a regular commercial bank. In 1937, it acquired the Carl Trautwein Bank in Freiburg im Breisgau.", "title": "Overview" } ]

[ "Template:Ill", "Template:Date", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Citation", "Template:Short description", "Template:Lang-de", "Template:Lang" ]