Datasets:

---

hpprc

/

enwiki

like 4

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Scott Brian Schankweiler (born October 15, 1963) is a former American football linebacker who played for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maryland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Category:1963 births Category:Living people Category:American football linebackers Category:Maryland Terrapins football players Category:Buffalo Bills players", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Draft topics", "Template:AfC topic", "Template:Open access", "Template:AFC submission", "Template:Infobox NFL biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "John Hodson Kearsley (28 February 1785 - 2 October 1842) was a British politician, who served as the Member of Parliament for Wigan (UK Parliament constituency) from 1831 to 1832, and from 1835 to 1837.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kearsley was the third son of Edward Kearsley and his wife Ann (nee Hodson); his father was a partner in a Wigan cotton mill along with his mother's brother John Hodson. Kearsley became a brewer rather than enter the cotton business, and became wealthy after receiving large inheritances following the death of both his father and father-in-law.Fisher, David R.; Bairstow, Stephen (2009). \"KEARSLEY, John Hodson (1785-1842), of Standishgate, Wigan and Higher Hall, Westleigh, Lancs.\". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1820-1832. Cambridge University Press.</ref>", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Hodsons were a politically prominent family in Wigan; Kearsley's uncle, John Hodson, was one of the town's two Members of Parliament from 1802 to 1820, and was succeeded by Kearsley's cousin, James Alexander Hodson, who served from 1820 to 1831. Kearsley himself was mayor of Wigan in 1813, 1819, and 1825, and colonel of the local yeomanry troop, the Wigan Volunteer Light Horse. In the 1830 general election, Kearsley put himself forward as a surprise candidate alongside his cousin, but was not elected. Hodson then stood down, and Kearsley was returned in a by-election. While he received a majority of votes, only around a hundred freemen were actually voters, and he was strongly opposed among the general population; he was attacked during the by-election, and during the subsequent 1831 general election his windows were smashed and he \"did not dare appear\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He was a conservative, voting against the three Reform Bills, and was overwhelmingly defeated at the post-Reform 1832 general election. He returned to Parliament for the same seat in the 1835 general election, but was narrowly defeated in the 1837 general election, and again when he stood in an 1839 by-election. He did not stand again in 1841.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He died in 1842, widowed and with no children. His name is sometimes given as \"Hodgson\".", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite encyclopedia", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Periya Kuppam is a fishing village near Ennore in Chennai of Tamil Nadu state in the peninsular India.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Periya Kuppam is located at an altitude of about 28.64 metres (94.0 ft) above the mean sea level with the geographic coordinates of 13°12′44″N 80°19′27″E / 13.2121°N 80.3242°E / 13.2121; 80.3242 near Ennore.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 26th December 2023, there was an Ammonia gas leakage happened from Coromandel International Limited, the facility which produces Ammonia related chemicals, located near Periya Kuppam. Due to this incident, the operations of the industrial unit was suspended by the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.", "title": "Gas leakage" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Convert", "Template:Coord", "Template:Location map many", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "All Cachar Karimganj Hailakandi Students Association, (abbr. ACKHSA) was established on 1983 by Mr. Pradip Dutta Roy, who has always placed utmost importance on advancement of the society. He belongs to the demographic whose fierce ideas bring about revolutionary change- in his case, the establishment of Assam University, after 10 years of movement under his leadership.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The year 1983 marks the beginning of Dutta Roy's journey when he started the mass movement towards the educational development of Barak Valley. It was one fine evening, way back in the year 1983, on the 15th day of May, when Mr. Dutta Roy along with the respected Vice President and General Secretary of Students Union of all the colleges of Barak Valley had a round table discussion on the urgent need of establishing a Central University in the district of the then Undivided Cachar. Their objective behind the meeting witnessed its foundation in the formation of ACKHSA (\"All Cachar Karimganj Hailakandi Students Association\") under the potent leadership of Mr. Pradip Dutta Roy (the founder President of the same). The main motive behind the idea of a Central University in Barak Valley was to open the door of higher education for the students in their Home Valley considering the torture and harassment that the students had to face when they went for pursuing their higher education in the mainland Assam Valley. This pathetic experience of the students touched the sentiment of Mr. Dutta Roy who then decided that a Central University was the need of the hour. After 10 long years of the struggle, Barak Valley finally saw the light of Assam University in the year 1994. He was honored with a doctorate degree from the World Development Parliament in the year 1994, but he dedicated it in the name of the eleven martyrs, who sacrificed their lives for upholding Bengali language on 19th May, 1961.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox organization", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Multiple issues", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use Indian English" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bradwell Methodist Church is a Grade II listed Methodist church in Bradwell, Derbyshire.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The building dates back to 1807, and became Grade II listed on 12 October 1984.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox church", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Team Renegade is a British mixed martial arts (MMA) and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) gym based in Birmingham. It is notable for producing UFC Welterweight Champion, Leon Edwards and is the first gym in the United Kingdom to produce a UFC Champion.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Team Renegade was founded in 2013 in Kings Heath. It originally focused on BJJ and training for grappling competitions.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2018, Ultimate Training Centre (UTC) gym, a nearby MMA gym in Erdington closed an its members moved to Team Renegade. Its members included Leon Edwards and Tom Breese. Afterwards Team Renegade became an MMA gym and started offering MMA services.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The gym has a more decentralized approach to coaching. Rather than have everything under one coach, members are given the opportunity to act as coaches who can share their specific skillsets while also providing feedback to others.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, Team Renegade has to close its original premise and relocate to another location in Birmingham.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 27 October 2023, The Independent reported that top-15 ranked UFC fighter, Ian Machado Garry who went to Team Renegade to train was banned from returning at the request of Edwards and his coach Dave Lovell. Garry stated Edwards and Lovell had concerns and doubts due to insecurities since Garry was competing in the same division and could one day be challenging Edwards for the UFC title. A few days later, Team Renegade issued its own statement where it claimed Garry was banned from returning as he did not add to the team's culture. Veronica Hardy who trained at the gym has pointed out that Garry was the only person to have been kicked out of Team Renegade and that he didn't follow basic rules.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Official website", "Template:MMA Team List", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:MMA Training Associations" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Man-Kei To (born 25 August 1986) is a Belgian para-badminton player who competes in international badminton competitions. She is a European champion in the singles and a World silver medalist in the doubles with Turkish badminton player Emine Seçkin.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Man-Kei To was involved in a serious traffic accident in 2007 and had a spinal cord injury.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "William Utomo is an Indonesian businessman and one of the founders of IDN Media, together with his brother, Winston Utomo, where he serves a COO.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "William Utomo was born and raised in Surabaya, Indonesia. He is the youngest of two brothers. William studied undergraduate at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "William worked at Cabrera Capital Markets, LLC as an Investment Banking Spring Analyst in 2014. In 2014, together with his brother Winston Utomo, he co-founded IDN Media, where he serves Chief operating officer (COO). William also works as a lecturer at the University of Indonesia's Vocational Education Program.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2017, William and Winston Utomo received the Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia award in the Media, Marketing and Advertising category. He was also included in the 2022 Gen.T List by Tatler Asia.", "title": "Awards and recoginiton" } ]

[ "Template:IDN Media", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Indonesia-bio-stub", "Template:Infobox Person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Polish Arabian (Polish: Czysta Krew Arabska) is the variety of Arabian horse bred in Poland. Arabian horses were introduced to Poland in the 16th century via war catches. It was not until the 19th century that organized pure-bred breeding was established. The Polish Arabian was decimated during the two world wars, leading to the loss of breed registry and the vast majority of the livestock. In 1926, Dr. Edward Skorkowski created a studbook and a dedicated breeding society. Breeding resumed in the 1940s and 1950s, based on a small group of surviving breeding stock.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "These horses have an excellent international reputation for beauty, as demonstrated by Bandola and Pianissima. They are, however, less successful in endurance riding than other strains of Arabian horses. They are bred at various national and private stud farms, the most famous of which is the Janów Podlaski National Stud.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Polish name Czysta Krew Arabska translates as \"Arabian Thoroughbred\". Considered one of the oldest and most important Arabian horse populations in the world, the Polish is a renowned lineage within Arabian horse breeding, not a separate breed. It is a good example of a small population of horses genetically stabilized from a finite number of founder-breeders. Most of the founders of today's Polish Arabian are 20th-century horses.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first Arabian horses were introduced to Poland in the 16th century, during wars and invasions. Texts mention the presence of pure-bred Arabian horses used by the Turkish army, and captured by the Poles. The truce signed in 1699 enabled trade between Poland and the Ottoman Empire: Polish merchants travelled among the Bedouin tribes to acquire Arabian horses used as crossbreeds to produce carriage animals, cavalry and farm animals. It is likely that Syrian mares were exported to Poland, due to the presence of a haplogroup specific to these two Arabian horse populations alone.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The earliest historical records of Arabian horse breeding concern the Szarajówka stud farm, established in 1778. It was not until 1795 that the Sanguszko family established the first stud for breeding Arabian horses. Poles have been carefully preserving pedigree records for their horses since at least 1800. Throughout the 19th century, Polish aristocratic families maintained large stud farms. These were generally located in the southern part of historic Poland, corresponding to present-day Ukraine.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1845, the Dzieduszyckis imported a strain of Arabian horses from Saudi Arabia. Further imports followed, until 1930-31. The stallion Ibrahim, sire of the famous Skowronek, comes from Polish breeding.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The World War I and the October Revolution considerably weakened Polish breeding, not least due to the evacuation of horses from Janów Podlaski National Stud, then breeding Anglo-Arabians, to Russia. Polish stud farms were almost totally destroyed , and almost all genealogical information on the horses was lost. The achievements of generations of breeders from 1778 to 1918 have all but disappeared.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "It is estimated that of the 500 Arabian brood mares in Poland before the war, only 25 or 33, with 44 stallions, are still alive in the country in 1918. Breeding resumed intensively between the wars, using imports from the Middle East and other European countries, this time in purebred Arabian orientation at Janów Podlaski. This purebred breeding program was conceived in 1921 at the Janów Podlaski National Stud. The Polish Arabian studbook was created in 1926 by Dr. Edward Skorkowski, along with a dedicated breeding society. Previously, the horses' genealogical information had been recorded incompletely. The studbook was revised in 1932, and its pedigree charts were published by Skorkowski in 1938. Polish Arabian horses were then tested in races in Warsaw. Arabian mares Rodania, Selma and Cherifa were imported to Polish stud farms.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1931, a mission by Prince Sanguszko brought back two desert horses, future pillars of Polish breeding: the stallion Kuheylan Haifi, and the stallion Kuheylan Afas. They themselves sire the stallions Bask and Comet. The Sanguszko family also bred Ilderil and Excelsior, Amurath Sahib and Arax. In the 1930s, a number of American breeders imported Polish Arabs, most notably J. M. Dickinson in 1937. The World War II led to the death of 89 % of the country's Arab broodmares, including over 80 % of those at the Janów Podlaski National Stud as a result of the 1939 campaign alone. The Poles made great efforts to hide their studbook from the Germans, as a horse of unknown origin loses much of its value.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "A few Arabian bloodlineages are preserved at Janów Podlaski. About 59 mares and 8 stallions survive the war on Polish territory. Hungary exports Arabian breeding stock to Poland, to help revive its breeding industry. Around 14 mares of Polish Arabian stock are claimed from Germany, and transit through the Bábolna National Stud in Hungary in 1951. Arabian breeding was fully nationalized in 1947, and from then on continued exclusively at Polish national studs. Over the next 50 years, Polish breeding developed from this founding stock. The Polish studs also used Russian Arabians, importing horses from the Tersk stud, most of which were also of Polish origin. The national studs involved are Klementów (1946-1953), Nowy Dwór (1946-1960), Albigowa (1947-1961), Michayów (1953), Janów Podlaski (1960), Kurozweki (1973-1998), and Białka (1981). Political changes in the 1990s led to a return to private breeding. The privatization of breeding then proceeded apace: 19 Arab broodmares were privately owned in 1989, compared with 65 % of the 723 Arab broodmares registered in the breed studbook in 2002.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Breeding expanded worldwide, particularly with the export of Bask to the United States. Bask generates millions of dollars, and plays a major role in launching Arabian horse breeding in the United States. In the late 1950s, British breeder Patricia Lindsay acquired horses and became an important intermediary in the export of Polish Arabians to the United States.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Polish horses have gained worldwide renown, thanks in particular to the mare Bandola (crowned \"Queen of Poland\"), and the stallion Piruel, crowned Senior Male World Champion at the 1989 World Arabian Horse Championship.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 2016, the arrival in power of the conservative right-wing Law and Justice party was accompanied by a purge in the management of Arabian horse breeding studs, putting the breeding organization in jeopardy. The death of two precious mares prompts Polish Arabian horse owners to repatriate their animals.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The average height of females is 1.48 m, compared with 1.52 m for males. Average adult weight is 420-450 kg, with birth weights of around 42 kg for females and 45 kg for males.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Horses from the Białka stud have a morphology that is clearly different from that of horses from other studs. Thus, the Polish Arabian is not a morphologically homogeneous variety of Arabian horse.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The Polish Arabian is renowned the world over for its extreme \"beauty\" and refinement. However, this aesthetic criterion is difficult to assess objectively. The Janów Podlaski and Michałów stud farms selected their horses on different morphological criteria than the Białka stud farm. This could be explained by the fact that Janów Podlaski has historically bred the Koheilan type, while Michalow breeds the Saklawi type, and Białka a mixture of both bloodlineages. However, there is no correlation between founding lineage and morphology. Neck length, considered a criterion of beauty, is longest in Michalow horses, while those from Białka clearly have the shortest necks. Conversely, Białka horses have a longer pelvis, a characteristic associated with greater motor efficiency.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The most common colors are gray, bay, chestnut and, more rarely, black.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Polish Arabs have developed the ability to adapt to extreme environmental conditions. They mature slowly, but have a long life expectancy. However, around 10 % of Polish Arabs have eye problems, including 5.5 % with uveitis. Polish bloodlineages are free from Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID), a genetic disease of the Arabian horse, according to genome studies of 271 horses.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Polish Arabian horses come from a variety of genetic backgrounds. Fifty four founder horses account for around 84 % of today's Polish Arabians. The breeding orientation of the Polish Arabian, very similar to that of the Russian Arabian, aims to preserve the breed's endurance and speed. Two genetic bottlenecks have been identified in the breed's history, corresponding to the two world wars. Polish stud farms exchange breeding stallions, resulting in a progressive standardization of horse pedigrees, facilitated by the relatively small size of the equine population. However, the genetic diversity of the Polish Arabian is being maintained thanks to the recent tendency of breeders to avoid pairing horses that are too closely related to each other, and to imported breeding stock.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The Biała Cerkiew and Sławuta breeding farms have mares from five different bloodlineages, two of which are local. The second group of mares is made up of animals from the Middle East, descended from Gazella, Mlecha, and Sahara. The Szamrajówka and Rodania mare lineages come from the Tersk stud farm. Among the male lineages, the most represented are those of Kuhailan Afas, Ibrahim and Saklawi I, characterized by a type adapted to the saddle. The oldest surviving male lineage is that of the stallion Gniady, imported to the Syawuta stud from Vienna in 1793. Four founding stallions predating the World War II account for 25 % of the pedigrees of today's Polish Arabians: Aswan, born in 1958 (Saklawi I lineage), bred at El Zahraa stud in Egypt, whose 8 sons and daughters were all imported to Poland; Kohejlan / Koheilan / Kuhailan, imported at Jezupol stud in 1910; Kuhailan Haifi, imported at Gumniska stud in 1931; Ilderim, imported at Slawuta stud in 1894. The existence of these lineages is not reflected in significant genetic differences.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "About 65.3 % of Polish Arabian foundation horses are listed as desert bred. Seventeen founder horses are of unknown origin. Of the 213 founders identified, 130 were born at Polish stud farms. Of the founders of foreign origin, 30 came from Bábolna National Stud (Hungary), 22 from Weil Stud and 18 from Crabbet Park Stud (England).", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Pedigree information for the Polish Arabian is recorded in the Polish studbook and the Skorkowski registers, both of which were considered reliable sources until the 1990s. One of the Polish Arabian's female lineages has been called into question by Kwiatkowski, who believes that one of the two branches of Milordka's lineage actually comes from the mare Malikarda. This plausible hypothesis is based on a study of the mitochondrial genome. DNA parentage analyses have shown that these records contain some errors in the 15 maternal lineages, representing 14 haplotypes.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "The Polish Arabian is essentially a show horse, winning numerous world championships. It is showcased at locally-organized competitions such as the National Arab Show. Poland is also active in Arabian horse racing, which led to an analysis of performance factors. Some Polish Arabians have broken sales price records: Bandos, a son of Bandola (Ibrahim bloodlineage) sold for $800,000, and El Paso, a stallion from the Janów Podlaski National Stud, went for $1 million.", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "The endurance performances of 10 male and 17 female lineages were evaluated: the best-performing male lineages were, in order, those of Kuhailan Afas, Saklawi I and Ibrahim for the male pedigrees, and those of Gazella, Mlecha and Sahara for the female lineages. At the same time, Kuhailan Afas, Ibrahim and Saklawi I lineages account for the highest number of competition entries. Unlike France, Poland does not really have any selective breeding of Arabian horses for endurance. Between 2005 and 2009, 225 Polish Arabian horses competed in endurance. Training for this discipline begins between the ages of 4 and 6. The average speed of endurance Arabians in Poland is a little lower than the world average, but increased between the 1990s and the 2000s.", "title": "Usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Poland is Europe's leading breeder of Arabian horses. The Polish Arabian consists of a lineage of Arabian horses locally adapted to Poland: it is considered rare in this country, despite the Arabian's widespread popularity worldwide. In 2015, around 1,500 Arabian horses were bred in Poland, but the numbers are declining. Although breeding is spread throughout the country, it is particularly concentrated in the southeast. The Polish Arabian is highly reputed worldwide, with Polish sales attracting investors from the Gulf States and the USA. These auctions, the most prestigious of which is the Pride of Poland held on the occasion of the Polish Horse Festival, generate significant sales, in the region of 1.4 million euros in 2015. Indeed, breeding Arabians is a strategic and economically advantageous activity for Poland.", "title": "Breeding spread" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "The Polish Arabian is bred at three national studs: Janów Podlaski, Michałów and Białka, as well as at private studs. An annual horse sale is held in early August at the Janów Podlaski National Stud.", "title": "Breeding spread" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Polish breeders are relatively humble about their horses. The Polish Arabian is the subject of the documentary film Path to Glory: The Rise and Rise of the Polish Arabian horse, released by Horsefly Films in 2011, which won the Best Documentary Award at the Equus Film Festival in Chicago in 2013.", "title": "Cultural impact" } ]

[ "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite publication", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox horse breed", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Harvtxt", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Main article", "Template:See also", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Walter Petron (25 August 1918 – 21 March 1945) was an Italian professional footballer who played as a forward in Serie A for Torino and Venezia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Petron was killed in a bombing raid during the Second World War. A stadium in his hometown of Padua was named after him.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Italy-footy-forward-1910s-stub", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Emelia is a feminine first name. Notable people with it are:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Draft topics", "Template:AfC topic", "Template:AfC submission" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Native American Educational Services College (NAES College) was an institution of higher education led by and serving Native Americans. It offered a BA in public policy within a curriculum that combined academic and tribal knowledge from 1974 to 2005. Its main campus was in Chicago, Illinois but also grew to include satellite locations in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and on reservations in Montana, Wisconsin, and New Mexico.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1926, the US Secretary of the Interior commissioned a review of Native American affairs to be conducted by the recently (1916) founded Institute for Government Research (later renamed the Brookings Institute) and financed by the Rockefeller Foundation. The scope of the survey included the “educational, industrial, social, and medical activities of the BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs, as well as with Indian property rights and economic conditions\" on the majority of reservations in the US. The final document, The Problem of Indian Administration (often referred to as the Meriam Report or Meriam Survey), was delivered in 1928 and painted a highly critical picture of the primary education delivered to Native American children at the time, stating that the survey team was: \"obligated to say frankly and unequivocally that the provisions for the care of the Indian children in boarding schools are grossly inadequate.\" The report strongly recommended both more and better education as well as a curriculum based on the goal of integrating Native American children into mainstream culture.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Starting in 1953, the US Congress set a new policy toward Native American citizens, the Indian termination policy, whose goal was the phasing out of governmental support for Native American tribes and the discontinuation of the protected trust status of Indian-owned land. Thereafter, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) initiated a program to encourage and incentivize Native Americans voluntarily to leave their reservations and move to metropolitan areas like Chicago, Denver, and Seattle, which resulted in an influx of Native Americans in those and other American cities.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1961, Native American organizers involved in helping Native Americans settle in urban areas, including among others the National Congress of American Indians, D'Arcy McNickle, Willard LaMere, and anthropologists Sol Tax and Nancy Oestreich Lurie, held the American Indian Chicago Conference. One goal of the landmark meeting was the creation of a Declaration of Indian Purpose, the first major, collective statement on tribal self-determination. On the subject of education, the Declaration noted that situation was hardly better than that discovered by the writers of the 1928 Meriam Report. The Declaration suggested significant interventions to improve the quality and availability of primary, secondary, and adult education open to Native Americans. The survey reported high numbers of Native American students dropping out before secondary education, while many with the potential to succeed at college were channeled into vocational training programs. The Declaration also suggested the Native Americans should have choices in the selection of their education, but cultural assimilation was no longer listed as a goal.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1969, the Native American Committee formed under the aegis of Chicago's American Indian Center (AIC), its initial impetus being to support the Occupation of Alcatraz. Many of its members, however, had been part of the AIC's education committee. In the early 1970s, a number of additional initiatives related to Native American education and self-determination began in Chicago. These included Little Big Horn High School established in 1971 and O-Wai-Ya-Wa Elementary School established in 1973, both operating as part of Chicago Public Schools in Chicago's Uptown neighborhood. Also in 1971, the University of Illinois at Chicago established a Native American Studies program under the leadership of Matthew War Bonnet, and in 1973 Chicago's Newberry Library established its Center for the History of the American Indian.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1973, Native American Committee members William Whitehead, Dennis Harper, and Robert Dumont developed the initial plans for a \"systematic and sustained method by which Native students could receive a baccalaureate degree in both academic and tribal knowledge while also being trained for a variety of professions as they continued on to leadership roles in Native communities.\" Led by a non-profit board that including many NAC members including William Crazy Thunder, Faith Smith, Dennis Harper, Nancy Dumont, and Robert Dumont, the NAES college opened its doors in 1974 as an affiliate of Antioch College.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "NAES offered its first class in April, 1975. The course was \"Dynamics of Community Health.\" It was taught by Edith Johns, a registered nurse, and covered topics such as Indian health care, child development, and patients rights. The course took place on the second floor of the Native American Committee's offices on Hermitage Avenue in Chicago.", "title": "Active Period" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In a 1993 interview in the Chicago Tribune, NAES College president Faith Smith recalled that the first students were \"11 people to agree to be in the first class of students. Most of them were in their late 30sand 40s. One man was in his late 50s. People had a lot of respect for him, so his coming into theclass was important.\" Over time, most NAES students were professionals and paraprofessionals in Native American organizations rather than recent high-school graduates. NAES envisioned its programs as \"a validation of the knowledge and skills its students had accumulated during years of work in Native American organizations.", "title": "Active Period" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In the years after the establishment of the Chicago campus, locations were founded in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, on the Menominee Indian Reservation in Wisconsin, and on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation in Montana.", "title": "Active Period" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "NAES became a fully accredited institution of higher learning in 1984. Some years of financial struggles came to a head in the early 2000s, and the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools withdrew the school's accreditation in 2005.", "title": "Active Period" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "After the college lost its accreditation, the American Indian Association of Illinois facilitated an affiliation between NAES and Northeastern Illinois University under the name Medicine Shield College Program. Continuing to address many of the concerns and goals identified in the 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose, the program provides \"advising, financial aid assistance, college planning, tutoring, and many other services\" for Native American students. The NAES library and archives continue as the NAES College Digital Library Project, which is a collaborative initiative including NAES, the American Indian Association of Illinois, Northwestern University Library, and Northwestern University's Center for Native American and Indigenous Research.", "title": "NAES College Today" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Native American topics", "Template:Userspace draft", "Template:Infobox university", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Portal", "Template:Chicago" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Africa Eco Race was the 15th edition of the rally raid in North Africa travelling through Morocco, Mauritania, and finishing in Senegal after departing initially from Monaco and travelling by boat from France.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The 15th Edition was originally scheduled to run in March 2023 but in January 2023 the organization announced its cancellation due to major flooding in Senegal. The new start date for the 15th Edition was announced as a \"return to its historical dates, and will start on December 30th 2023 to finish on the shores of the Lac Rose on January 14th 2024\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Stages" } ]

[ "Template:Tooltip", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox rally raid" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Burning Cold (Catalan: El fred que crema) is a 2022 Spanish-Andorran historical drama film directed by Santi Trullenque from a screenplay by Agustí Franch and Trullenque which stars Greta Fernández and Roger Casamajor.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Set in 1943 in Andorra against the backdrop of World War II, the plot follows a local couple (Sara and Antoni) facing a moral dilemma upon hiding Jews fleeing from the Nazis.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Burning Cold was produced by Films de l'Orient, Red Nose and Arlong Productions, and it had the participation of TVC and backing from ICEC and the Government of Andorra. It was shot in Andorra and in the Pyrenees of the province of Lleida.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The film was presented at the BCN Film Fest [ca] on 26 April 2022. Distributed by Filmax, it was released theatrically in Spain on 20 January 2023.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Àlex Montoya of Fotogramas rated the film 3 out of 5 stars highlighting \"the visceral tone and mise-en-scène, the powerful use of landscapes and the leading duo\" while lamenting certain melodramatic turn of the plot.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Toni Vall of Cinemanía rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, deeming it to be an \"interesting debut, [a] story of war, helpless [people], good and evil\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Beatriz Martínez of El Periódico de Catalunya rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, deeming it to be \"a rough and unpleasant film, like that icy landscape that becomes one more character in the film\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

[ "Template:Nom", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Lang-ca", "Template:Cast listing", "Template:Ill", "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Awards table", "Template:Center", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "CW Real Estate is a Nigerian real estate development and brokerage company headquartered in Lagos, Nigeria.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "CW Real Estate was founded in 2018 by Adelani Adewuyi. In January 2023, Leadership Newspaper listed CW Real Estate as one of the \"leading real estate firms\". CW Real Estate offers off-market listings, providing clients with opportunities and access to properties that are not publicly available.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, CW real estate collaborated with 3 other companies; SCL Express, Gas Guys Ng and CBL investments to distribute 1000 boxes of food items and relief materials to the Agege community in Lagos State. The company also supports disadvantaged children with access to high quality education and healthcare.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Football Genius: The Ultimate Quiz is a sports-trivia video game developed by I-Imagine Interactive and published by RTL Interactive. It was released on September 30, 2009, worldwide, exclusively for the Xbox 360.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Football Genius: The Ultimate Quiz tests the player's football knowledge with over 3,500 trivia questions and visual puzzles. The game features a variety of different modes, including a single-player campaign, a multiplayer mode, and a challenge mode. The game is said to appeal to fans of football of all ages.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the single-player campaign, the player will play through a series of different challenges, each of which will test their knowledge of a different aspect of football. For example, one challenge might ask the player to name all of the players on a particular team, while another challenge might ask them to identify the different types of penalties that can be called in a football game.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the multiplayer mode, the player will compete against other players to see which of them knows the most about football. The multiplayer mode features a variety of different game types, including a head-to-head mode, a tournament mode, and a cooperative mode.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the challenge mode, the player will be given a set of questions to answer in a limited amount of time. The goal of the challenge mode is to answer as many questions correctly as possible.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Football Genius: The Ultimate Quiz received \"mixed or average\" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Nate Ahearn on IGN rated the game 7.3/10. Also stated that \"While there’s nothing standout or extraordinary about Football Genius, it serves its purpose well and deserves a recommendation for those looking to test their soccer knowledge.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The Official Xbox Magazine stated that \"unless you're an absolute aficionado of international soccer, you'll be lost.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

[ "Template:AFC submission", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox video game", "Template:Video game reviews", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite magazine" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Indriani Hadi (born January 28, 1985 in Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat) is an Indonesian entrepreneur, politician and self-development coach from a training institution called Indonesia Global Communication (IGC) located in Jakarta, Indonesia. She entered the world of politics and was trusted to serve as Deputy for the Democratic Party Organizational Development Agency.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Indriani Hadi was born in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia on January 28 1985, is a socialite and entrepreneur who decided to enter the world of politics. In the 2019 legislative elections , Indriani was registered as a Legislative Candidate from the Central Java VIII electoral district, covering the Banyumas and Cilacap areas. Currently, Indriani serves in the Central Leadership Council of the Democratic Party as Deputy for the Organizational Development Agency.", "title": "Early life and educ" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Indonesia-bio-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lynn Darling (born January 9, 1952) is an American author.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Darling was born to Colonel Howard N. Darling and Dorothy Elizabeth Darling (née Budnik). She has two brothers, Howard Christopher Darling and Eric Joseph Darling.https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/washington-area-obituaries-of-note/2015/02/05/04640a32-abba-11e4-9c91-e9d2f9fde644_story.html", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Darling was an army brat and spent her childhood moving every few years between bases in Japan, Hawaii, and Kansas. She attended and graduated from high school W. T. Woodson High School in Fairfax County, Virginia in 1968. She attended Harvard University, where she worked as a reporter for the Harvard Crimson.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Following her graduation in 1972 https://community.alumni.harvard.edu/person/6547157504, Darling joined the staff of the Richmond Mercury, a local newspaper founded by Crimson alumni including Frank Rich, before being hired by Ben Bradlee of the Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/1981/10/13/the-moment-of-existential-terror-that-helped-maya-angelou-find-her-way/. She worked primarily for the Styles section.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It was during Darling's time at the Post that she met her future husband, then-married editor Lee Adrien Lescaze. Their affair and subsequent marriage was captured in her 2007 work of non-fiction, Necessary Sins.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "When Lee Lescaze was forced to leave the Post over the relationship, the pair moved to New York City where Darling became a senior editor at Esquire. Her works of non-fiction also include 2014's acclaimed Out of the Woods.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "She married Lescaze on January 18, 1986 in Washington D.C. Mr. Lescaze died on July 26, 1996 from lung cancer. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/nyregion/lee-lescaze-editor-and-a-reporter-57.html Ms. Darling and Mr. Lescaze have one daughter, Zoe Eliza Lescaze.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Citation needed", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:US-writer-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:External links", "Template:Cleanup bare URLs" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mexico is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024. This will be Mexico's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Mexican team consisted of 13 athletes competing in the women's 3x3 ice hockey competition. Ice hockey player Ana Soto was the country's flagbearer during the opening ceremony.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following is the list of number of competitors (per gender) participating at the games per sport/discipline.", "title": "Competitors" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Key:", "title": "Ice hockey" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Mexico qualified a team of 13 athletes.", "title": "Ice hockey" } ]

[ "Template:Smalldiv", "Template:Div col", "Template:Infobox country at games", "Template:Main", "Template:FlagIOC", "Template:Div col end", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Nations at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Domaslava was a queen consort of the Kingdom of Croatia in the first half of the 10th century. It is the oldest mention of a name of a Croatian queen found to date.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The only known source of her existence is on the fragments of the dedication inscription on the altar partition in the Church of St. Vitus in Klis.", "title": "The stone fragments" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "According to Budak, the Latin inscription of the fragment reads:", "title": "The stone fragments" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "English translation:", "title": "The stone fragments" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It is assumed that Domaslava could have been the mother of King Michael Krešimir II or any of his immediate predecessors given that Queen Helen of Zadar was the wife of Michael Krešimir II and the mother of King Stephen Držislav.", "title": "The stone fragments" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Webarchive" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Valya Fedorova (Russian: Валя Фёдорова, birth name: Valentina Leonidovna Fedorova, Russian: Валентина Леонидовна Фёдорова, born August 7, 1997, St. Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, Russia) is a Russian pop singer, composer, pianist and record producer, is the daughter of Leonid Fedorov, the leader of the musical rock band \"Auktyon\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born on August 7, 1997 in St. Petersburg in the family of musician Leonid Fedorov. From early childhood she began to be interested in music, then went to the Rostropovich Music School. M. L. Rostropovich on the piano, she took part in international and city competitions. At the age of 8 she became a laureate of the contest \"Iskorki\".", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2014, Valya entered the 1st year of the M. P. Mussorgsky Music College at the Faculty of Classical Piano. In 2018, after graduating from the school, she entered the faculty of pedagogy \"Arts and Humanities\" at the Academy of Russian Ballet named after A.Ya. Vaganova.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2015, she took part in the filming of the movie \"The Dweller of the Peaks. Divine Comedy\", from the director Igor Voloshin.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Studying in the 1st year of Vaganova Academy, she began her composing activity, composed her first songs, which were later combined into an album \"Отпускаю\", released in 2022, where she sings and accompanies herself on the piano, the project was also worked on by her father Leonid Fedorov, who is the leader of the musical rock band \"Auktyon\".", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The album includes the singles \"Свободно\", \"Лёд\", \"Отпускаю\", \"Между нами\", \"Отпускаю\", \"Здравствуй\", \"Как вода\",Мой рай\", \"Поражение\", \"Я ненавижу свет\" and \"Планета\".", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Leonid also acted as a sound engineer of the album and added some \"effects\" to the songs. The single \"Я ненавижу свет\", on Mandelstam's poem, was supplemented with a tambourine.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In the song \"Лёд\" an effect is added to create a cold atmosphere. In the song \"Как вода\", a guitar was added. In the non-album single \"Буду скучать\", vocal effects of a child's voice were added.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Throughout 2018—2023, she trained with different vocal pedagogues. In particular, in 2023 she studied with Ariadna Karyagina.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In the same year, 2022, Valentina released the singles, \"Небо напомнит\", \"Между нами\", \"Журавли\", \"Тысячи\" and \"Снег\". In 2023, she released the single \"Отпускаю\", the music single \"Буду скучать\" was released on March 12 of the same year, and the single \"Разбежались\" was released on May 2.", "title": "Early years" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Citation", "Template:VK user", "Template:Instagram", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Infobox musical artist", "Template:Lang-ru" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chompi (stylised as CHOMPI) is a sampler released in 2023 by Chelsea and Tobias Hendrickson. Designed to be accessible and screenless, the sampler uses LEDs and physical labels to show the status of various filters and effects.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chompi was created by Chelsea and Tobias Hendrickson, a couple from Spokane, Washington. They previously ran a community synth program focused on Spokane and the Pacific Northwest which offered modular synth classes for over a decade. Chompi was announced on 12 March 2023, via a YouTube video on the Chompi Club channel; the video showcased the basic features of the sampler and looper, as well as the effects unit.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Kickstarter campaign for Chompi's funding launched on March 28, 2023 with a goal of US$30,000, and raised almost $750,000 in one day. By the end of the campaign it had raised over $1,000,000, making it one of the most successful Kickstarter campaigns of 2023. Chompi units were offered for $499 as part of the campaign, with a limited-edition pink version offered for $599.", "title": "Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Chompi is manufactured by Electro-Distro and uses the Daisy Seed, a microchip by Electro-Smith designed to create unique musical instruments. It was designed to be accessible and screenless, as Tobias has vision loss; the creators also state that the screenless design invites users to explore. LEDs and physical labels are used to differentiate and show the status of various effects, such as a filter, tape saturation, and the \"magic wand\" - a combination of reverb and delay. Buttons on the device are \"toy-like\" and oversized.", "title": "Production and design" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Chompi units ordered by Kickstarter supporters began shipping on 13 December 2023; they are planned to be generally released starting January 2024, with the price starting at $599.", "title": "Production and design" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Official website", "Template:Short description", "Template:Currency", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite AV media", "Template:Efn", "Template:Update after", "Template:Notelist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kalel, 15 is a 2019 Philippine film starring Elijah Canlas and directed by Jun Robles Lana under The IdeaFirst Company, Octobertrain Films, and Cignal Entertainment.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kalel, 15 was produced under The IdeaFirst Company, Octobertrain Films, and Cignal Entertainment. with Jun Robles Lana as the director. Carlo Mendoza was the cinematographer. The film reportedly took five years to make.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film under the working title Our Father was pitched by Lana at the Hong Kong Asia Film Financing Forum in 2014. In 2019, the film was promoted as Son of God at the Work-In-Progress Lab.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Kalel, 15 premiered at the 23rd Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival which began on November 29, 2019 in Tallinn, Estonia. It would have a theatrical release in select cinemas in the Philippines in December 18, 2019.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The film became available for streaming at Netflix on December 9, 2020.", "title": "Release" } ]

[ "Template:Ref heading", "Template:Won", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Sronly" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cameron Farquhar McRae (February 3, 1873 – January 23, 1954) was an American Episcopalian missionary priest in China. McRae left the United States for China in 1899 and began to work in Shanghai. Outside of his evangelistic work, McRae had been the acting-president of St. John's College, Shanghai, the rector of St. Peter's Church, Shanghai [zh], and the founder of Holy Cross Church, Wuxi and All Saints Church, Shanghai. In 1942, McRae left China and settled in Virginia, where he died in 1954.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "McRae was born in Warrenton, North Carolina, on February 3, 1873, to Rev. Cameron Farquhar MacRae. He first received his master's degree from Columbian College (now George Washington University). He then studied at Virginia Theological Seminary and received his bachelor of divinity in 1899. Influenced by the foreign missionaries visiting VTS in the 1890s, which included Francis Pott, president of St. John's College, Shanghai, McRae decided to become a missionary in China and left the United States upon graduation.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "McRae started working in Shanghai together with his classmate Benjamin Lucius Ancell. In 1901 he was sent to build a church in Wusih with Zhu Baoyuan (朱葆元). A small chapel was built by 1908, and Holy Cross Church was completed and consecrated on May 10, 1916.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In Shanghai, McRae first taught at St. John's College, and he had been the acting-president of the college twice. McRae then oversaw the evangelistic work of the Episcopal Church in Shanghai and the training of catechists. Later, he became the rector of St. Peter's Church, Shanghai [zh], where he improved its finances and eventually handed it over to the Chinese clergy and congregation. In 1914, St. Peter's Church became the third financially independent Anglican church in Shanghai. McRae had also worked at St. Luke's Hospital, Shanghai [zh] as the chaplain. By 1923 he was planning the construction of All Saints, Shanghai, which was completed in 1925. Meanwhile, McRae married Sarah Nicoll Woodward on February 17, 1908. They had four daughters and two sons.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After the Second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937, the Japanese troops occupied many churches in Shanghai. McRae's wife also died in 1937. In 1942 McRae left the Far East and settled in Virginia. He died on January 23, 1954, in a hospital in Richmond, Virginia.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Protestant missions to China", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Sfn", "Template:Spnd", "Template:Ill", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Efn" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gázvezeték Street Sports Complex (Hungarian: Gázvezeték utcai Sporttelep) is a motorcycle speedway track, located in Debrecen. The stadium has been known by various other names including the Hajdú Volán Stadion and more recently the Perényi Pál Salakmotor Stadion.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The stadium is located on Gázvezeték Street in the south of Debrecen.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The venue hosts the speedway team Debrecen Speedway team, who compete in the Hungarian Team Speedway Championship. The team have been known by various names, clubs or promotions over the years, including Debrecen S.C, Hajdú Volán SC, Simon & Wolf SC and since 2019, the Speedwaywolf Debrecen team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The sports complex has hosted a large number of major events, including eight rounds of the Speedway World Team Cup and the Speedway World Cup in 1973, 1975, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1991, 1997 and 2001 respectively. It has also staged rounds of the Speedway World Pairs Championship in 1972 and 1978 and the Continental Speedway final in 1989 and 1998.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Motorcycle speedway tracks", "Template:Speedway-bio-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox motorsport venue", "Template:Lang-hu", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gooey may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Disambiguation" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "NBA Hotshot is a basketball video game developed and published by Freeverse Inc. for iPhone and iPad in 2010.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The iPhone version received \"average\" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.", "title": "Reception" } ]

[ "Template:Video game reviews", "Template:Clear", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Moby game", "Template:Basketball-videogame-stub", "Template:Infobox video game" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vladimir Yegorov or Vladimir Egorov (Russian: Владимир Егоров) may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Lang", "Template:Ill", "Template:Look in", "Template:Dab" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lieutenant Colonel Harry Herbert Crosby (April 18, 1919 – July 28, 2010) was an American professor, author and B17 navigator. An officer of the United States Army Air Forces in World War II, he flew 32 missions and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (with 2 oak leaf clusters), the Air Medal(with 3 oak leaf clusters), the Bronze Star, and the Croix de Guerre from France.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Crosby was a graduate of University of Iowa (B.A., M.A.) and Stanford University (Ph. D) where Wallace Stegner was his thesis advisor. On December 13, 1941, following the Imperial Japanese Navy attack on Pearl Harbor he suspended his Iowa graduate studies to enlist in the United States Army Air Forces. He was assigned to Mather Air Force Base, where he trained as a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress second lieutenant navigator. Transferred to Boise, Idaho Crosby was assigned to the 418th Squadron of the 100th Bombardment Group. In May 1943 his was one of 36 original combat crews who flew their B-17s to England and a week later to Thorpe Abbotts in East Anglia which would be his base throughout the campaign. His first mission was June 28, 1943 and by that November he was promoted to lead navigator of the 100th Bomb Group. At war's end he'd flown 32 combat missions.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "With various co-authors he authored a number of college textbooks.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Skill Builders - A Spelling Workout, Crosby/Emery; Harper Collins, 1994 Building College Spelling Skills, Crosby/Emery; Little,Brown, 1981 The Shape of Thought: An Analytical Anthology, Bond/Crosby; Harper & Row, 1978 Just Rhetoric, Crosby/Esty; Harper & Row 1972 College Writing - The Rhetorical Imperative,Harper & Row, 1968", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1993, Harper Collins published his WWII memoir \"A Wing and a Prayer\". His account later became source material for the Spielburg-Hanks production of Masters of the Air 2024. In that television miniseries the actor Tony Boyle portrays Crosby.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Crosby was featured in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Time and Navigation Display which can be viewed on-line. A wartime scrapbook can also be viewed there.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Harry Crosby died on July 28, 2010, at age 91 in Nahant, Massachusetts.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "{{Reflist", "title": "Notes" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Unreferenced", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox military person", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Letter from Casablanca (Italian: Il gioco del rovescio) is a 1981 short story collection by the Italian writer Antonio Tabucchi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The first edition from Il Saggiatore [it] contains the following stories.", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The 1988 Italian edition from Feltrinelli Editore contains three additional stories. These stories are not in New Directions Publishing's English-language edition, published in 1986, but two—\"The Cheshire Cat\" and \"Wanderlust\"—were published in English in The Massachusetts Review in 2019.", "title": "Contents" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox book", "Template:Lang-it", "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite journal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Raul Bosse (11 June 1945 – 18 August 2023), was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Corupá, Raul Bosse became the first goalkeeper to play for Joinville EC, and is also the athlete with the most appearances for the club to date, with 252 matches. He was champion of Santa Catarina 5 times.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Raul Bosse also had a brief spell at São Paulo FC in 1976, playing just 3 matches.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Raul Bosse died 18 August 2023, in the city of Joinville.", "title": "Death" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Inlang", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Palestine–New Zealand relations refer to foreign relations between New Zealand and the State of Palestine. New Zealand does not recognize Palestine as a country.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "New Zealand supports a Two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine dispute.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1988, the government of New Zealand recognized Palestine Information Office as the official representative of the Palestinian Liberation Organization based in Canberra. New Zealand's embassy in Turkey is responsible for Palestinian affairs.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2018, New Zealand singer Lorde called off a tour of Israel following pressure from two Palestinian activists in New Zealand. The activists were fined by a court in Israel for their actions which they refused to pay.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand with the support of Te Pāti Māori introduced a resolution in May 2021 calling on New Zealand to recognize Palestine. It failed as it was not supported by the New Zealand Labour Party and the ACT New Zealand.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "New Zealand condemned the Hamas attack that led to the 2023 Israel–Hamas war and defended Israel's right to defend itself. New Zealand also announced NZ$10 million for Palestine and Israel. It called for a cease fire and asked Israel to abide by international law. New Zealand approved more visas for Israelis than Palestinians during the conflict. Chris Hipkins, leader of the New Zealand Labour Party, called for a cease fire while other parties did not. The Labour party has promised to establish diplomatic relations with Palestine if elected but then walked back on the decision. Pro-Palestinian protestors in New Zealand sprayed red paint on the United States consulate. Pro-Israel rally led by Destiny Church faced off pro-Palestinian protestors outside the parliament in December 2023.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Murray McCully, Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand, visited Ramallah in February 2010.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2015, Dr Riad Malki, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Palestine, visited New Zealand. He held meetings with Murray McCully, Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand. New Zealand drafted a resolution at the United Nations Security Council calling Israel to halt building illegal settlements in Palestinian territories. Jim McClay was appointed the representative of New Zealand to the Palestinian Authority.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Greg Lewis, New Zealand's Special Representative to Palestine, met Mohammad Shtayyeh, Prime Minister of Palestine, in Ramallah in August 2022.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Foreign relations of New Zealand", "Template:Foreign relations of Palestine", "Template:Infobox bilateral relations", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chah Talab (Persian: چاه طالب) is a village in, and the capital of, Dokuheh Rural District of Seh Qaleh District, Sarayan County, South Khorasan province, Iran.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At the 2006 National Census, its population was 216 in 45 households. The following census in 2011 counted 110 people in 30 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 112 people in 32 households.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Lang-fa", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Sarayan County", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Portal", "Template:Authority control", "Template:South Khorasan Province", "Template:Sarayan-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Lithuanian A Lyga 1991 was the first season of top-tier football in Lithuania. It was contested by 15 teams, and FK Žalgiris won the championship.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Championship play-off" } ]

[ "Template:1990–91 in European football (UEFA)", "Template:Infobox football league season", "Template:Football box", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:A Lyga seasons" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Lithuanian A Lyga 1991–92 was the second season of top-tier football in Lithuania. It was contested by 14 teams, and FK Žalgiris won the championship.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:1991–92 in European football (UEFA)", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox football league season", "Template:A Lyga seasons" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea × thiona is a species of waterlily native to the US-American states Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Additionally, it has been introduced to Costa Rica, as well as the US-American states Kentucky, and Nevada. It is a natural hybrid of Nymphaea mexicana and Nymphaea odorata.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It exhibits more vigorous growth than its parent species.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The flowers extend above the water surface. The flowers are larger than flowers of Nymphaea mexicana, and more yellow than Nymphaea odorata flowers. Fruits are unknown.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It is a sterile hybrid. Fruits have never been observed.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It was first described by Daniel Bertram Ward in 1977.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Type specimen was collected by C. Hoy in drainage canals of marshes in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, in Wakulla County, Florida, USA on the 15th of April 1962.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The specific epithet thiona expresses an association to the name Sulphur Waterlily.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "It exists only in areas of sympatric occurence of the two parent species.", "title": "Ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "It is also known from artificial, horticultural hybridisation.", "title": "Cultivation" } ]

[ "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Multiple image", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite POWO" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Lithuanian A Lyga 1992–93 was the third season of top-tier football in Lithuania. It was contested by 15 teams, and FK Ekranas won the championship.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:1992–93 in European football (UEFA)", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox football league season", "Template:A Lyga seasons" ]

[]

[ "Template:RCS" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sir Thomas Charles Style, 8th Baronet' (1797-23 July 1879) was a British aristocrat and politician, who served as the Member of Parliament for Scarborough from 1837 to 1841.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Thomas Style was born in 1797, a younger son of Sir Charles Style, 6th Baronet. His elder brother, also Thomas Style, succeeded their father as the 7th Baronet in 1804, and died on active service with the Grenadier Guards during the Peninsular War in 1813. He was educated at the Royal Naval Academy and became a magistrate, deputy-lieutenant, and later high sheriff for County Donegal, where the family had its estates.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was elected to represent Scarborough in the 1837 general election, and stood down in 1841. He was a reformer, supporting extended suffrage and shorter Parliaments.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He married Isabella Cayley, daughter of the engineer George Cayley, in 1822.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1976 Volvo Classic, also known as the Washington Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Charles E. Smith Center in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the 1976 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from March 16 through March 21, 1976. Fourth-seeded Harold Solomon won the singles title and earned $17,000 first-prize money after defeating unseeded Onny Parun in the final.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Harold Solomon defeated Onny Parun 6–3, 6–1", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Eddie Dibbs / Harold Solomon defeated Mark Cox / Cliff Drysdale 6–4, 7–5", "title": "Finals" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox tennis tournament year", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Washington Indoor tournaments", "Template:1976 World Championship Tennis circuit" ]

[]

[ "Template:Redirect category shell" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Carlos J. Alonso is the Morris A. and Alma Schapiro Professor in the Humanities, Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and Vice President for Graduate Education at Columbia University.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Alonso became Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 2011. Prior to joining Columbia's faculty, Alonso was the Edwin B. and Leonore R. Williams Professor of Romance Languages at the University of Pennsylvania, where he received the Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching. From 2000 to 2003, he was editor of the Publications of the Modern Language Association (PMLA), a top journal of literary criticism and theory.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Alonso is a specialist in the cultural production and intellectual history of Latin America in the 19th and 20th centuries. He has also written on the connection between research and teaching at research universities such as Columbia.", "title": "Research" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox academic", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Detty December refers to the festive period at the end of the year in Nigeria, typically from mid-December through the New Year. It's a time of vibrant celebrations, social gatherings, parties, and festivities characterized by high energy, excitement, and optimism. It's a time when many Nigerians, both within the country and in the diaspora, return home to celebrate with family and friends.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The term Detty is a corruption of “dirty”, implying festivities and celebration with no hesitation during the Christmas and holiday season.", "title": "Etymology and usage" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The origin of the term is unclear. Some people have claimed that the celebration started after the 2004 Calabar Carnival in southeastern Nigeria, which was called \"Africa's biggest street party\" by Ben Ayade, a former governor of Cross Rivers State. According to Nigerian magazine BellaNaija and The Guardian (Nigeria), the term was coined and popularized by Nigerian singer Mr. Eazi, who used it as a hashtag for his concert in Lagos in 2016. Mr Eazi also went on to trademark the term.", "title": "Orgin" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Detty December is a term often used by members of the Nigerian diaspora who have recently returned home. These recent returnees are often nicknamed IJGBs, an acronym standing for I Just Got Back. The World Bank reports that remittances for the Nigerian diaspora during this period account for 4% of Nigeria's GDP, and show significant spending power when the expatriates come back home.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Detty December is mostly associated with the cities many of the returnees also use this opportunity to visit their countryside villages. Igbos refer to this as Nbịarute or ịlota ụlọ̀ (homecoming/Journeying home), during which close friends and families both from the diaspora and the cities specifically go home to their village countryside to celebrate the holidays and other festivals. However, it is crucial to highlight that Detty December, primarily focuses on urban city visits by the Nigerian diaspora for festivities, contrasts distinctly with the situation in the eastern part of Nigeria, where the majority Igbo population often tend to vacate most urban city centers during December. Instead, they return to their countryside for celebrations, creating a notable scarcity in most city centers in the east, unlike the concentrated city-centric nature which Detty December is known for. Lagos, a city with a rich history of Owambe and a thriving entertainment industry being the home to the global music phenomenon Afrobeats is often considered the face of Detty December.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Throughout this significant social calendar, a multitude of diverse events take place, ranging from house parties, street carnivals, and beach hangouts to concerts, weddings, nightclub gatherings, and more. Among these, the December concerts stand out prominently as one of the pivotal events, drawing numerous musical artists and organizations to host performances during this period. Notably, these year-end concerts are not exclusive to renowned musical entities; various businesses, state governments, and even federal departments also curate concerts. This trend results in substantial earnings for Nigerian artists, akin to the magnitude of the Super Bowl, as articulated by Afrobeats star Davido. Moreover, the influx of the Nigerian diaspora back home during December prompts the staging of weddings, strategically synchronized with the congregation of friends and families for Christmas celebrations. These weddings often span entire days, culminating in lively after-parties.", "title": "Events" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:About", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Railbound is a 2022 puzzle video game developed by Polish indie developer Afterburn. It was released on Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS in September 2022 by Afterburn, then later released on consoles by publisher 7Levels, to Nintendo Switch in December 2022 and Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S in May 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The game received generally favorable reviews and won the 2023 Apple Design Award for interaction.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Railbound is a puzzle game themed around trains. In each level, the player is presented an isometric view 2D grid with train tracks, train carriages, and other elements. The player uses a tap-and-drag system to place tracks on unoccupied spaces in the grid, and is given a limited set of tracks per level. The goal is to place tracks to guide the carriages, each of which are numbered sequentially, in order, to the back of a locomotive.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The game's more than 150 levels are structured into sets of stages called \"worlds\". Each world introduces a new mechanic, such as tunnels or numbered stations, that affects how carriages must be routed. Later worlds combine previously introduced mechanics. Each world has approximately ten puzzles that introduce its mechanic and must be completed to move on to the next world, as well as additional optional puzzles.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Afterburn is a Polish indie studio which had previously released puzzle games Golf Peaks and inbento. According to studio founder Luke Spierewka, Railbound's gameplay was inspired by Mini Metro and Cosmic Express. Its art style was developed from concepts from studio Vile Monarch, and further influenced by French graphic novels. Developing the game's graphical style took up over half of development time. Development began in November 2021, with an initially expected launch in spring 2022. The game was eventually published by Afterburn on 6 September 2022 for Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows. It was published by 7Levels for the Nintendo Switch on 1 December 2022, and for the Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S on 31 May 2023.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 3 February 2023, Railbound's 2.0 update added an additional set of 30 levels and a \"semaphores\" mechanic. A year after release, the 3.0 update added two additional sets of levels and a \"two locomotives\" mechanic.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Railbound's Nintendo Switch edition received \"generally favorable\" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The visual, audio, and interaction design of the game drew praise from reviewers, with most finding that these elements contributed to a cosy, laid-back ambiance. Reviewers cited its comic book-inspired, cel shaded style and warm pastel color palette, describing the art as \"cosy\", \"cute\", and \"striking\". Kotaku generally described the soundtrack as \"laid-back\", Touch Arcade liked \"the little sounds of everything clacking together\", and PC Gamer said that \"when the piano kicked in in world four I was jazzed\". PC Gamer also praised the game's intuitive controls.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The level design and difficulty received mixed feedback. Pocket Gamer found the difficulty frustrating, especially in later levels when mechanics were combined, a problem made worse by skipping optional levels. The divide of the game into core and optional levels was controversial. Rock Paper Shotgun wished that more of the optional levels had been integrated into the core path of the game, criticizing \"the game's relentless obsession with ploughing on toward the finish line\". Rock Paper Shotgun described it as a \"hint system done right\", offering small clues to allow the player room to solve the puzzle, and Pocket Gamer said that it increased the ease of solving the puzzles but that \"the game doesn't spoonfeed you with its hints\". Nintendo Life criticized that the small play area led to many levels having only one solution.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Railbound won the 2023 Apple Design Awards for interaction, based on the simplicity of its tap-and-drag system for placing rails. It also won \"Best Mobile Game\" at the 2023 Central & Eastern European Game Awards.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The game sold 50,000 copies on Steam by July 2023, surpassing its break-even point of around 30,000 copies.", "title": "Reception" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox video game", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite report", "Template:Short description", "Template:'", "Template:Video game reviews", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Cite press release" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Trift glacier foreland in the Swiss canton of Bern comprises a wide variety of geomorphological forms and habitats for pioneers and plant communities. At the southern end of Lake Trift, a delta is emerging and an alpine alluvial plain represents a biologically valuable area for a variety of species, some of which are rare and endangered. The Trift basin also harbours potential for generating electricity from a hydroelectric power plant, which is currently being planned.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Trift glacier forefield lies in the retreat area of the Trift Glacier in the municipality of Innertkirchen, Canton Bern, between the Susten Pass and the Grimsel Pass. It extends from the glacier break-off (approx. 2300 m above sea level) to the Sunnige Trift (1325 m a. sea level) below the Graaggilamm. The area is drained by the Triftwasser, which flows into the Gadmerwasser. At 1650 metres above sea level lies the Triftsee, which is dammed by a natural narrows. An alpine alluvial plain formed at its southern end, where the Trift water branches into several arms and forms the first meanders.", "title": "Position" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "According to Mary Leibundgut, who surveyed the area in 2022 using the method developed by the Federal Office for the Environment for the inventory of alluvial zones and updated in 2021, the glacier left behind a variety of different landscape forms. Noticeable features include glacial polish areas, roches moutonnées, drainage channels in the rock and the canyon. In addition to these forms of erosion, forms of accumulation are also present, such as the lateral moraine walls that are still visible in places or the fine-grained ground moraine on the south side of the lake Trift. Outwash plaines, old courses, ponds, river delta, lake and the active, inactive and relict glaciofluvial areas document the dynamics of the drift water and its tributaries.", "title": "Nature" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The glacier forefield lies entirely in the crystalline rocks of the Aarmassif. In addition to the predominant gneisses, a narrow band of volcanic rocks outcrop (geology) is also exposed in the area of the SAC hut Trift. Volcanic conglomerates and quartz-rich vulcanites (rhyolite) can therefore also be found in the moraine material of the Trift Glacier. Particularly striking are the thick blocks of amphibolite clods deposited in advance, which originate from the Gwächtenhorn area and were transported over long distances by the glacier. The dark amphibolite clods are embedded in a light-coloured, melted granite mass.", "title": "Nature" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The drift area is characterised by tectonic fault lines, most of which run parallel to the longitudinal extension of the Aarmassif (WSW-ENE) and transverse to the flow direction of the glacier or the valley axis of the Trift river. The dominant landscape element is the striking terrain line that runs from south-west to north-east from the Furtwangsattel over the rocky ridge of Windegg and Drosiegg towards the Steilimmi. It acts like a natural dam, behind which the ice of the Trift glacier has carved out an overdeepened basin and which is cut through by the Trift water in a narrow canyon. The natural Trift lake, which has been formed since around 1999, is a typical cirque lake.", "title": "Nature" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Fault lines running at right angles to the valley axis also lead to a special situation in the rock step below today's glacier break-off: under high pressure under the glacier ice, they were carved out to form deep drainage channels that divert the drift water at right angles to the direction of flow. Today, the Triftwasser plunges over the rock step in a 150 m high waterfall, only to disappear into a deep channel and emerge again 200 m further east, flowing down in a series of cascades to the alluvial plain on the southern shore of the lake Trift.", "title": "Nature" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Mary Leibundgut observed a total of 27 different vegetation units in 2022. Predominant are various pioneer communities on silicate rubble, including silicate fine rubble flora, especially on the southern shore of the lake Trift in the hilly ground moraine areas. The Epilobion fleischeri with Fleischer's willowherb is widespread and is one of the habitat types worthy of protection according to the Ordinance on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage. Among the transitional communities are tall grass meadows with Agrostis schraderiana, Calamagrostion. In the lower area of the glacier forefield, the alpine pastures and mixed grasslands, which are grazed by sheep, are partly degenerated and species-poor. Bristlegrass (Nardus stricta) is widespread throughout the foreland, but typically formed Bristlegrass pastures are rare. Large areas in the foreland are occupied by scrub communities, including above all the green alder scrub. The green alder has a long tradition in the area. Thanks to its flexible branches, this pioneer shrub can withstand heavy snow loads and avalanches.", "title": "Vegetation" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The area from the south bank of the lake towards the Trift Glacier forms an alpine alluvial plain. Thanks to its great dynamism and development potential, it is one of the most valuable areas of the entire glacier foreland.", "title": "Vegetation" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Alpinists have been interested in this area since the middle of the 19th century. The first Trift hut was built on the spur of the Telltistock in 1864. The first Windegg hut followed in 1891. Both huts were not far from the Trift glacier at the time.", "title": "Tourism" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Since the construction of the first pedestrian suspension bridge over the canyon at Trift lake in 2004, the former works railway, which was created with the water catchment in the Sunnigen Trift, has been open to the public. The suspension bridge known as the Triftbrücke was replaced by a new, safer one in 2009. The bridge attracts many tourists. Sport climbers use the climbing routes that have been set up in the area around the Windegghütte in recent years. At around 170 m long and 100 m high, the Trift bridge is one of the largest pedestrian bridges in the Alps.", "title": "Tourism" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Lake Trift was formed naturally when the Trift Glacier melted in the lower Trift basin as a result of global warming. What remained was a naturally dammed lake, the lake Trift, created by the rock barrier at Windegg/Drosiegg. For years, the company based here, Kraftwerke Oberhasli (KWO), a subsidiary of Berner Kraftwerke (BKW), has been planning to dam up around 85 million cubic metres of water with a dam wall over a hundred metres high, which corresponds to an energy content of 215 GWh. According to its own information, the plant could generate 145 GWh of additional electricity per year and store energy.", "title": "Power plant project and resistance" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "KWo involved environmental protection organisations in its planning at an early stage, as the reservoir would flood large areas of valuable habitats. The negotiation process led to numerous compromises. In the end, Swiss Alpine Club, World Wide Fund for Nature, Pro Natura and the Bernese Fishing Association approved the Trift reservoir project. The Naturfreunde, Aqua Viva, the Grimselverein, the Triftkomitee and the Klimaspuren campaign report resistance. In June 2023 the Bernese cantonal parliament gave the KWO the green light to build the project. Environmental organisations remain divided, with some continuing to oppose the construction of a dam on Lake Trift.", "title": "Power plant project and resistance" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abdou Moumouni Dioffo (June 26, 1929 - April 7, 1991) was a Nigerien physicist, professor, and activist, renowned for his significant contributions to alternative energies, particularly solar energy. Born in Tessaoua, Niger, to an aristocratic Zarma family originally from Kirtachi, he played a pivotal role in the fields of education, alternative energies, and solar physics.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Abdou Moumouni Dioffo completed his foundational education at Zinder Regional School and Niamey Primary School. His academic journey then led him to the École William Ponty in Sébikotane, Senegal, from 1944 to 1947. Furthering his studies at the Lycée Van Hollenhoven in Dakar,. He then pursued higher education in Paris. He was admitted in preparation for the grandes écoles at the Lycée Saint-Louis in 1949 to 1951. He obtained a Bachelor's degree in Physical Sciences in 1953, a Graduate Diploma in 1954 and untimately a State Doctorate in Physical Sciences in 1967 at the Sorbonne University in Paris, complemented by a scholarship from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1962 to 1964.", "title": "Early Life and Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Diffo’s career as a teacher and researcher showcased his dedication to education and scientific exploration. He served in various educational institutions, including the Van Vollenhoven High School in Dakar, Lycée Donka in Conakry, Classical and Modern College of Niamey, and the École normale supérieure de Bamako. Notably, he established and directed the Solar Energy Laboratory of the Republic of Mali from 1964 to 1969, contributing significantly to the field of solar energy.", "title": "Professional Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Returning to Niger in 1969, Abdou Moumouni assumed leadership roles, heading the Niger Solar Energy Office (ONERSOL) until 1985. He served as the rector of the University of Niamey from 1979 to 1982 and as a professor of physical sciences at the Faculty of Science from 1975 to 1991.", "title": "Professional Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Abdou Moumouni emerged as a renowned specialist in solar energy, overseeing crucial research projects and contributing significantly to the advancement of renewable energy. His influence extended to his roles as a consultant for the Government of Algeria, UNESCO, the African Development Bank,the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank. He played a pivotal role in the UNESCO International Congress, \"The Sun at the Service of Humanity.\"", "title": "Contributions to Solar Energy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His notable contributions include the influential book \"L'éducation en Afrique\" (Education in Africa), published by Maspéro in 1964, offering a groundbreaking perspective on the need to reform education in post-colonial Africa. In addition to his book, Abdou Moumouni produced significant theses, scientific articles, and patents, contributing extensively to the theoretical and practical aspects of solar energy utilization. He is a founding member of the Federation of Black African Students in France(FEANF) and a founding member of the African Independence Party (PAI).", "title": "Works and Publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "Works and Publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "He died on April 7, 1991 in Niamey and was buried in hometown, Kirtachi. After his death, a foundation was created by his parents, friends and colleagues. To honor Abdou Moumouni Dioffo's enduring impact, the University of Niamey was renamed \"Abdou Moumouni University\" in 1992. However, despite his significant contributions, a comprehensive documentation gap persists regarding his life and work. His legacy is remembered through the foundation established by colleagues and friends after his death, aiming to perpetuate his vision of science, education, and research on renewable energies.", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Abdou Moumouni Dioffo was a prolific contributor to the scientific community, engaging in numerous conferences, articles, and communications. His notable scientific communications include:", "title": "Scientific Communications" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "", "title": "Scientific Communications" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox scientist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Citation" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Duke Maximilian of Württemberg (German: Wilhelm Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Herzog von Württemberg; 3 September 1828, Dischingen – 29 July 1888, Regensburg) was a member and Duke of the royal house of Württemberg.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Duke Maximilian was the son of Duke Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg and Princess Maria Sophia of Thurn and Taxis, who lived in Württemberg Palace in Regensburg and whose marriage ended in divorce in 1835 after an early separation. It is unknown whether Maximilian spent his childhood and youth with his mother in Regensburg. Since the beginning of the 1870s he was the owner of the Württemberg Palace in Regensburg and the associated parks in today's Herzogspark.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Maximilian was a great-nephew of the first King of Württemberg, Frederick. On 16 February 1876 he married Princess Hermine of Schaumburg-Lippe (1845–1930), daughter of Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe. The marriage was childless. His wife Hermine called herself Duchess Maximilian of Württemberg in Regensburg, in analogy to her mother-in-law, who called herself Duchess Paul of Württemberg after her husband. Hermine was known in Regensburg as an enthusiastic rider who often appeared around the city on horseback in a black riding dress and was popular as a guest in officer circles.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Little is known about Maximilian's further life at the moment. Like his father and grandfather, he was a Freemason. In 1861 he was accepted into the Masonic lodge \"Zu den 3 Cedern\" in Stuttgart.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Since 1851, Maximilian, as Prince of the Royal House, had a mandate in the Württemberg Chamber of Eminents. Between 1851 and 1870 he occasionally attended the meetings in person. After 1870 he was no longer present in person.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Infobox royalty", "Template:Lang-de", "Template:Citation needed", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Citation", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kverneland is a surname used in Norway. Notable people with the surname are as follows:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Surnames", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Camp Dustbin was a British-American interrogation camp located first at Chesnay, near Versailles, France and then moved to Kransberg Castle outside Frankfurt, Germany, during World War II. It served as a processing station and interrogation center for the German scientists, technicians, and administrators, captured during the war.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Among them were leaders of V-2 missile project (including chief designer Wernher von Braun); leaders of the atomic and nerve-gas development projects; \"members of the special research staff of the Reichforschungsrat (Imperial Research Council)\" (including its director, Werner Osenberg [de]); members of German Ministry of Armaments and War Production (including the minister Albert Speer); Abraham Esau, leading German expert on radar; directors of Telefunken; professor Friedrich Gladenbeck [de]; industrialists like \"steel barons Fritz Thyssen and Hermann Röchling, and Volkswagen’s Professor Ferdinand Porsche\"; leading figures of I. G. Farben, developer of nerve gases: Gerhard Schrader, inventor of nerve gases tabun and sarin; Richard Kuhn, \"inventor of the most toxic of the gases\", soman.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1946, interrogations in camp Dustbin \"had the aim of finding out about Soviet development projects as well as German wartime achievements\"; \"scientific workers threatened with kidnapping by agents of other countries, chiefly the USSR, were held there\".", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kerry Falls Hydro-Electric Scheme, sometimes known as Gairloch is a small-scale hydro-electric power station, built by the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board and commissioned in 1952. It is located near Gairloch in Wester Ross, part of the Highlands of Scotland. It was originally designed to supply power to local communities in this remote area, but is now connected to the National Grid.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board was created by the Hydro-electric Development (Scotland) Act 1943, a measure championed by the politician Tom Johnston while he was Secretary of State for Scotland. Johnston's vision was for a public body that could build hydro-electric stations throughout the Highlands. Profits made by selling bulk electricity to the Scottish lowlands would be used to fund \"the economic development and social improvement of the North of Scotland.\" Private consumers would be offered a supply of cheap electricity, and their connection to that supply would not reflect the actual cost of its provision in remote and sparsely-populated areas.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The chairman of the new Board was to be Lord Airlie, who had initially been critical of the 1943 Act because its scope was too limited. The deputy chairman and chief executive was Edward MacColl, an engineer with wide experience of hydro-electric projects and electrical distribution networks. It soon became clear that MacColl intended to push ahead with the aspirations of the Act at breakneck speeds. He produced a list of 102 potential sites in just three months, and in June 1944, the first constructional scheme was published. This was for the Loch Sloy scheme, which had a ready market for bulk supplies to nearby Clydeside, but it included two smaller schemes, to demonstrate the Board's commitment to supplying remote areas.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Kerry Falls was part of Constructional Scheme No.2, and was included as part of the much larger Tummel Hydro-Electric Scheme. When the scheme was published, there were no objections to the Kerry Falls scheme, which was a small scale project capable of generating around 1.25 MW of electricity, but concerted objections to the Tummel scheme, which would include several power stations with a capacity to generate 150 MW. Many within the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board thought that it might be better to postpone the scheme, in view of the bitter animosity that they had suffered with the Sloy scheme, but MacColl wanted to push on, in the hope that if this succeeded, there might be less opposition to future schemes. Kerry Falls was caught up in the ensuing furore.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Johnston decided to appoint a tribunal to hear the evidence for and against the scheme, which started on 25 May 1945 and lasted for ten days. The transcript of the hearing ran to 1,188 pages. At the end of it, Mr Hill-Watson, summing up for the opposition, stated that the whole scheme was uneconomic, would destroy the salmon fisheries of the River Tay, wipe out the tourist trade and spoil the amenities of Pitlochry. He stated that the Highlands would barely benefit, as only 350 houses in Gairloch would benefit from an electricity supply, whereas all of the power from the Tummel scheme would be sold to the Lowlands. Although they acknowledged the seriousness of the objections, the tribunal decided that the whole scheme was in the public interest, and should proceed. The bill then had to go before Parliament, where there were further attempts to derail it, and savage attacks on Lord Airlie. However, an annulment order in the House of Commons was rejected, and a similar attempt in the House of Lords was eventually withdrawn, allowing the scheme to be approved on 19 November 1945. The Kerry Falls project could then proceed.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "An impounding reservoir was created by building a dam across the outlet of Loch Bad an Sgalaig, at the upper end of the River Kerry. A further small dam and pond were created below the dam, to feed water into a surface pipeline, which runs along the north bank of the river to the site of the turbine house. This creates a head of 183 feet (56 m) for the turbines. There are three turbines, with a combined capacity of 1.25 MW. Originally there were two, but a third, smaller turbine was added to allow water to bypass the main turbines and effectively provide compensation water to the river while still generating electricity. The red sandstone used in the construction of the building was quarried near Dingwall, and the project was completed by the contractor Willie Logan, later known for the creation of the airline Loganair.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Media related to Kerry Falls hydro-electric scheme at Wikimedia Commons", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Sfn", "Template:Convert", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Refend", "Template:Commons category-inline", "Template:Energy in Scotland", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox dam", "Template:Refbegin", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Kerry Falls hydro-electric scheme map" ]

[]

[ "Template:Redirect category shell" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1967 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 70th staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 29 January 1967. The championship ran from 16 April to 29 October 1967.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "St Rynagh's entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kinnitty in the semi-finals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The final was played on 29 October 1967 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Kinnitty and Coolderry, in what was their third meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in 37 years. Kinnitty won the match by 4-08 to 3-04 to claim their fourth championship title overall and a first title in 37 years.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Offaly Senior Hurling Championship", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox hurling championship", "Template:Footballbox collapsible" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Young Woman with Cats is an oil on canvas painting by the German painter Lovis Corinth, from 1904. The person portrayed is Corinth's wife, Charlotte Berend, who was 24 years old at the time. The painter's signature can be found in the upper right corner of the canvas. It is held now in the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Charlotte Berend was portrayed several times by Corinth. Here he depicts his wife, who was 23 years his junior, wearing a floral dress and a hat decorated with flowers. The subject of the painting and the way in which color is handled is reminiscent of early French Impressionism. Although Lovis Corinth is sometimes considered an Impressionist, the portrait is more direct and clearly articulated than similar paintings by French Impressionists. The painting radiates intimacy with the person portrayed. The youth and innocence of the woman are underlined by the two kittens that Charlotte Berend holds in her hands.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Charlotte Berend was a painter and was the first student to take lessons from Lovis Corinth, in 1901, who had founded a private “painting school for women” and for whom she was regularly available as a model since 1902. The following year, on March 26, 1903, Lovis Corinth and Charlotte Berend got married, and she adopted the double name Berend-Corinth. They had two children, Thomas (born in 1904), and Wilhelmine Corinth (born in 1909).", "title": "The subject" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Charlotte Berend-Corinth painted in a similar style to her husband and was a member of the [8Berlin Secession]]. She is remembered nowadays mostly because she was the editor of his husband's catalog raisonné.", "title": "The subject" } ]

[ "Template:Italic title", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Arizona Wildcats football team will represent the University of Arizona in the Big 12 Conference during the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Arizona is lead by 4th year head coach Jedd Fisch. They play at Arizona Stadium in Tucson, Arizona. The season will be the Wildcats first year in the Big 12.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Over the off-season, Arizona added three players via transfer portal. According to 247 Sports, Arizona had the No. 55 ranked transfer class in the country.", "title": "Offseason" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Schedule" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "at Arizona Stadium • Tucson, Arizona", "title": "Game Summaries" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "at Arizona Stadium • Tucson, Arizona", "title": "Game Summaries" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:AmFootball position key modern", "Template:Americanfootballbox", "Template:AmFootballGameTopPlayers", "Template:Infobox college sports team season", "Template:2024 Big 12 Conference football standings", "Template:CFB schedule", "Template:See also", "Template:AmFootballGameStatistics", "Template:Clear", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Arizona Wildcats football navbox" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Late for the Sky\" is a song written by Jackson Browne. It is the opening track and title track from Browne's 1974 album Late for the Sky.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AllMusic critic William Ruhlmann describes \"Late for the Sky\" as a \"slow, piano-based ballad in [Browne's] familiar style\" that is \"a typically eloquent description of romantic discord.\" Ultimate Classic Rock critic Michael Gallucci says that while the album plays like \"one long breakup montage\" the title track is key to the story, telling of \"the moment where that tiny glimmer of hope is wiped out by cold, hard reality.\" Browne biographer Mark Bego said that it \"sets the tone\" for the rest of the album.", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The lyrics tell of a relationship that is doomed to fail because the singer's lover's expectations of him are too great. Rolling Stone critic Stephen Holden said that it \"explores an affair at its nadir.\" The song starts by describing an argument in which the singer and his lover discuss their relationship from when it began until he realizes that now when he looks at her he sees \"nobody I'd ever known.\" In the second verse the singer acknowledges that \"for me some words come easy/But I know that they don't mean that much/Compared with the things that are said when lovers touch.\" In the bridge the singer notes that he has been fooling himself by imagining that he could be the one who his lover needs.", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The song ends with a restatement of the bridge in which the singer states that he is rushing to catch an early flight because he is \"late for the sky.\" According to Browne biographer Rich Wiseman, \"the sky serves as the album's most striking symbol of death/salvation.\" Holden similarly stated that the sky is \"the album’s symbol for escape, salvation and death.\"", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Both Bego and Wiseman have suggested that the song is about Browne's relationship with singer Joni Mitchell.", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Bego describes the music as being \"slow and somber\". Music critic Jon Landau said that the song \"begins with some instrumental meandering that may, at first, seem pointless\" but the song \"gathers momentum\" so that by the chorus \"the music has suddenly and surprisingly become compelling.\" The song has an unusual structure, in which there are two statements of the verse and chorus, followed by the bridge, and then another statement of the chorus before ending with a version of the bridge.", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Browne praised the harmony vocals provided by Doug Haywood. According to Browne:", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "It has this great harmony part by Doug Haywood that really makes the song. Doug, Don Henley, J.D. Souther, Dan Fogelberg and I were really the best of friends back in the '70s. Everybody has that group of friends in their life at the time they come of age, and these were mine. I had some of the most hilarious times standing around the mike with them. I'm not a very exacting harmony singer and certainly was less so then, so when we did harmonies they'd have to send me on some errand just so they could get it done. \"Hey, yeah, Jackson, know what? I left something in my car, would you mind going and grabbing it?\" I'd come back and the part would be finished.", "title": "Lyrics and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Los Angeles Times critic Robert Hilburn said that \"Late for the Sky\" was \"perhaps the album's best designed work\", describing its theme as \"the agony of discovering the reality of an incomplete relationship.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Gallucci rated \"Late for the Sky\" as Browne's 6th greatest song. Classic Rock History critic Brian Kachejian rated it as Browne's 9th greatest song.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Despite not being released as a single, \"Late for the Sky\" was included on Browne's compilation albums The Next Voice You Hear: The Best of Jackson Browne in 1997 and The Very Best of Jackson Browne in 1974.", "title": "Other appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The song was used in Martin Scorcese's 1976 film, Taxi Driver, in a scene where Robert DeNiro's character \"loses what's left of his loose grip on reality.\"", "title": "Other appearances" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox song", "Template:Quote", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Jackson Browne" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bethel is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub", "Template:Notability" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anthony Gordon FRCA FFICM FMedSci is a British clinician scientist and the Chair of Anaesthesia & Critical Care at Imperial College London and works as an intensive care consultant at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust..", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Educated at Kings College School, Wimbledon, he studied medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, University of London, and was awarded a BSc in Anatomy with Basic Medical Sciences in 1990 and MBBS in 1993. He undertook his doctoral studies with Charles Hinds and was awarded an MD for his thesis exploring genetic polymorphisms in sepsis", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He undertook his postgraduate medical training in London with an additional year at Royal North Shore Hospital in Sydney, Australia He was awarded the Intensive Care Society visiting fellowship in 2005 and spent two years in Vancouver at St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia and also worked as the director of medical development of a university spin-out company (Sirius Genomics Inc) developing pharmacogenetic tests for use in the ICU.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As an NIHR Research Professor (2016-2022) he leads a multi-disciplinary team investigating the use of ‘omic techniques and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve outcomes in sepsis, with a particular focus on clinical trials and translational studies.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He is the UK Chief Investigator for the REMAP-CAP clinical trial, which was the first trial to demonstrate that the immune modulating drugs, tocilizumab and sarilumab, saved lives from severe COVID-19. The Prime Minister announced this result from 10 Downing Street and Gordon is the first author of the published paper. This trial has reported on more than a dozen other interventions for severe COVID-19, including hydrocortisone, convalescent plasma, anti-virals, anti-platelet drugs, therapeutic heparin, ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs), high-dose vitamin C and simvastatin. The trial has now been selected by the NIHR as the national platform trial to find the most effective treatments for people hospitalised with severe flu.", "title": "Career and research" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His contributions to clinical science have been recognised in appointment as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (2022), an Honorary Member of the Intensive Care Society and NIHR Senior Investigator (2023)", "title": "Honours" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox scientist", "Template:Post-nominals" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gabriel Hendrix Breeze (born 30 December 2003) is an English footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for EFL League One club Carlisle United.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In June 2021, just halfway through his scholarship programme, Breeze signed a two-year professional deal with his hometown club Carlisle United, whom he had joined as a teenager. In September 2022, Breeze joined Northern Premier League West Division club Widnes on an initial one-month loan deal. He had an extension clause in his contract activated at the end of the 2022–23 season.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 26 December 2023, Breeze made his senior debut for Carlisle in an League One fixture with Fleetwood Town.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:English football updater", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Updated", "Template:Soccerbase season" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Houston Christian Huskies softball team will represent Houston Christian University during the 2024 NCAA Division I softball season. The Huskies play their home games at Husky Field and are led by thirty-third year head coach Mary-Ellen Hall. They are members of the Southland Conference.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Csb link", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Houston Christian Huskies softball navbox", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox NCAA team season", "Template:2024 Southland Conference softball standings", "Template:CollegePrimaryColorLink" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kathleen Herrmann is an American poet. She serves concurrently with Jacalyn Eyvonne as poet laureate of Vallejo, California. Herrmann has performed for the Vallejo Poetry Festival, Napa Valley Writers Club, Alameda Island Poets, the American Association of University Women, Benicia First Tuesday Poets, the Mad Hatter Holiday Festival, Poetry by the Bay, and KZCT. Like their predecessors, Herrmann and Eyvonne host the Poetry in Notion poetry circle at the John F. Kennedy Library in Vallejo. Herrmann's poetry has been published in anthologies in Africa, Australia, and North America, and in the Benicia Herald newspaper. She has received awards in poetry from the Solano County Fair and Ina Coolbrith Poetry Circle. Herrmann is also a musician and a retired teacher with an M.A. in Teaching Leadership from St. Mary's College of California.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Portal", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:ISBN", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Vallejo California Poets Laureate", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Blue Sky is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control" ]

[]

[ "Template:Temporarily undeleted", "Template:Short pages monitor" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gothic Romance (French: Bravoure) is a 1984 novel by the French writer Emmanuel Carrère. It is about the writing of the novel Frankenstein and focuses on John William Polidori, Lord Byron's personal physician, who is embittered and claims that Mary Shelley stole his ideas.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The book was published in French by Éditions P.O.L [fr] in 1984 and in English translation in 1990. Publishers Weekly called it \"allusive and contrived\" and wrote that it \"will appeal most to readers concerned with narrative as a puzzle and a process\".", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Frankenstein", "Template:Short description", "Template:Italic title", "Template:Lang-fr", "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Yago de Santiago Alonso (born 15 April 2003) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Tottenham Hotspur.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "From Vigo, he attended school at El Colegio San José de Cluny. He began playing at a football academy camp at Arosa SC as a five year-old with his father Gonzalo. He stayed with Areosa for a number of years in his childhood before joining Celta Vigo.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As part of the Celta Vigo academy he scored 15 goals for their U16 side during the 2018-19 season. That’s spring he visited the academy at Tottenham Hotspur. He signed for Spurs in the summer of 2019.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During the 2022-23 season, Santiago was called up to first team Spurs training by manager Antonio Conte after impressing for the Spurs under-21 side. In April 2023, he signed a new two-year contract with Spurs.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He was included in the Spurs first team match-day squad for a Premier League clash against Brighton on 28 December 2023.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cape Rosier is a cape on the south central coast of the U.S. state of Maine, extending into the Atlantic Ocean. More specifically, the peninsula reaches south and westward from the Maine mainland into Penobscot Bay. To the west, it forms a part of the estuary of the Penobscot River. To the north of the peninsula, across the water, is Castine, and to its west is Islesboro, and beyond it the Camden Hills. The cape is part of the town of Brooksville, in Hancock County and lies about 25 miles southwest of the county seat at Ellsworth. One of Brooksville's four unincorporated villages, Harborside, is located on the northwest coast of the cape.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Maine coastal landscape was created by glacier ice and is geologically young, having been covered in ice sheets a mile thick during the last ice age. The land has not yet fully adjusted to the melting of those ice sheets about 11,000 years ago, when which caused drainage networks to form coastal rivers and basins, with the rivers meeting raw bedrock or glacially deposited gravel ridges (eskers and moraines). Ore deposits of zinc and copper, among other minerals, occur on Cape Rosier.", "title": "Geology and ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Goose Falls is one of just a few \"reversing\" falls on the East Coast-- all of them in Maine-- where rivers flow forwards and backward twice a day, with the changing tides. These tidal falls form where freshwater rivers or bays meet the sea at a narrow passageway, and are a relatively rare phenomenon that requires the right bedrock geology, channel width and depth must be \"just right to produce a significant height difference on a rising or falling tide.\" At low tide, Goose Pond drains into Penobscot Bay through a cleft in a bedrock outcrop, while at high tide, the falls flood back through the crevice into the pond.", "title": "Geology and ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The glaciers formed land that is a highly productive wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) habitat. Humans have long cultivated blueberries in the region, and its fruit and foliage are eaten by Cape Rosier's black bears, raccoons, foxes, white-tailed deer and birds. The low-bush blueberry's leaves also serve as hosts for caterpillar larvae for various moth species.", "title": "Geology and ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The cape is home to many seasonal and year-round birds, including shorebirds, songbirds, and birds of prey. Among them are bald eagles, ospreys, kestrels, and several species of hawks. Barred owls also live on the cape. On the shore, terns, gulls, and cormorants are abundant, and buffleheads, guillemots, and mergansers are also seen frequently. Seals and porpoises live in the waters surrounding the cape, along with sea creatures such as clams, mussels, American lobster, crabs, starfish, sea urchins, and many others.", "title": "Geology and ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The land has historically been the home of the Penobscot people, a federally- and state-recognized tribe. Indigenous people are thought to have inhabited the area now known as Maine for 11,000 years or more. In recent centuries, the Penobscot area was home to tribes of the Wabanaki Confederacy. The Wabanaki peoples ate seafood such as clams, mussels, and fish and may have hunted marine mammals such as seals. They also gathered and processed bird eggs, berries, nuts, and roots.", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Europeans may have arrived in the area as early as the 13th century. Cape Rosier was named for James Rosier, an English explorer of the Penobscot River region. According to an 1886 history,", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Cape Rosier has caused many shipwrecks, particularly in the 19th century; ships were lost on its shores in 1818, 1826, 1831, 1840, 1844, 1846, 1850, and 1864.", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Presently, there is a census-designated place at the unincorporated village of Harborside. The town of Brooksville has a total population of under 1,000 people, with a much smaller number living on Cape Rosier itself.", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Cape Rosier is the home of pioneers of environmentalism, vegetarianism, and organic farming Helen Nearing and her husband Scott, who built a homestead and farmed on the cape. In 1954, the couple published Living the Good Life, which inspired young Americans of the 1960s and '70s in the back-to-the-land movement.", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Like others on Cape Rosier, the Nearings cultivated blueberries as a cash crop. Tourism is also a source of income for residents, particularly in summer. On the cape, there are 1,345 acres of preserved land and wildlife sanctuary at the publicly owned Holbrook Island Sanctuary State Park. The park contains several coastal ecosystems, including upland forest and meadows, ponds, wetland marshes, and rocky coastline. It is managed by the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry. The land is open for hiking, kayaking, picnicking and fishing. The park has 11 miles (18 km) of trails, and several places to swim.", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Mining took place near Goose Falls, located about 1,000 feet southwest of Harborside, beginning in the 1880s after a clam digger at Goose Pond discovered zinc-copper sulfide ore deposits at low tide. In the 1940s and '50s it was determined that the ore contained zinc, copper, lead, arsenic, and cadmium. Mining spanned the late 1800s until 1972, when the Callahan Mining Corporation closed. Intensive mining from 1968 to 1972 left the cove severely contaminated, and the mine and cove were designated a Superfund site in 2001, under a federal environmental remediation program to clean up highly polluted tracts of land, managed by the Environmental Protection Agency.", "title": "History of settlement" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Lobster have historically been abundant in the waters around Cape Rosier. Lobster fishing has long been an important commercial activity and source of income for residents.", "title": "History of settlement" } ]

[ "Template:Cite report", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox landform", "Template:Convert", "Template:Portal", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Crooked Creek is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub", "Template:Infobox settlement" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "DePriest Bend is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The James Center is a mixed-use complex of buildings located in Richmond, Virginia. The complex consists of three office buildings (One, Two, and Three James Center) and the Omni Hotel. Overall, the complex contains over 2.5 million square feet. The genesis of the James Center began in July 1970, when the Chesapeake and Ohio and Seaboard Coast Line railroad companies announced the creation of the James Center Development Company aimed at developing a 7.5 acre parcel of land in the downtown Richmond. This parcel of land was being used by the C&O as a railroad freight yard but was growing increasingly obsolete by nature of Richmond's slowing industrial capacities in the 1960s. The SCL was involved in the project due to its exchange of money to the C&O derived from the sale of the SCL's Byrd Street Station property. This sale involved the land which would become the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "During the demolition of existing buildings to make way for the new complex, the Gallego Flour Mills were demolished in October 1970. These mills were first established around 1798 by Joseph Gallego, a Richmond merchant. They were successively burned down and reconstructed in the early 1800s, the 1820s, 1834, 1848, 1865, and 1903. In 1930, the mills closed down after the loss of water rights from the canal to the C&O.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The development took another fifteen years before the first building was completed. By 1987, all four buildings had been finished and were opened to their tenants. One James Center was initially known as the Dominion Bank building while Two James Center was known as the Central Fidelity Bank building. One James Center was later known as the First Union Bank building from 1993 to 2001, the McGuire Woods building from 2004 to 2015, and since 2020 has held the sign of HCA Healthcare. Two James Center was later known as the Central Fidelity Bank Building from 1993 to 1998, the Wachovia building from 1998 to 2008, and since 2008 has been known as the Wells Fargo Building.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The land where the James Center is located was annexed to the city of Richmond in 1769. It was later to be chosen as the site for the Great Turning Basin for the James River and Kanawha Canal and was constructed as such in the late 1700s. The canal was a key mode of transportation in the 1800s but was extremely expensive to maintain, as seasonal floods often wiped out necessary locks and dumped sediment into the canal bed. In addition, railroads rapidly became the most expedient way to move passengers and freight across the country. By the late 1870s, the canal company had declared bankruptcy and was bought by the Richmond and Alleghany Railroad. The R&A built its track on top of the old canal tow-path and abandoned the canal bed. The turning basin in Richmond was filled in over time and became a yard for the railroad. In 1890, the R&A was bought by the new Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. Railroads across the country, including the C&O, reached their zenith serving the tremendous demands of the US war machine during World War II but were largely supplanted by the airline and automobile industries in the next few decades.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Uncategorised", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Horner is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vivia Ogden (March 21, 1869 – December 22, 1952) was an American film and stage actress and producer whose career spanned from the 1910s and 1920s.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ogden was born in 1869 in Cleveland, Ohio.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Oden's film career started in 1915, appearing in films such as The Fairy and the Waif, The Social Secretary, The Corner Grocer, Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch, Way Down East, The Chicken in the Case, Stardust, At the Stage Door and John Smith among others.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She also appeared in stage, appearing in Clara Morris's company, in the 1886 play Miss Multon, with both actress playing the roles of Paul and Jane respectively.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Ogden died on December 22, 1952, in Los Angeles, California.", "title": "Death" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Commons category", "Template:IMDb name", "Template:IBDB name", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1978 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 81st staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Coolderry entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kinnitty in the semi-finals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The final was played on 5 November 1978 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Kinnitty and St Rynagh's, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in two years. Kinnitty won the match by 1-08 to 0-06 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in 11 years.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox hurling championship", "Template:Footballbox collapsible", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Offaly Senior Hurling Championship" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "In 2020, multinational technology company Apple Inc. entered into a patent dispute with health technology company Masimo and its subsidiary, Cercacor Laboratories, over alleged employee poaching attempts and patent infringement regarding the company's Apple Watches.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Apple Watch is a smartwatch developed by Apple, debuting in September 2014. The watch accounts for US$20 billion of Apple's annual sales and a third of all smartwatch sales. In October 2013, Cercacor Laboratories chief technology officer Marcelo Lamego emailed Apple chief executive Tim Cook. Lamego began working for the company several weeks after the email was sent and began requesting Apple file a series of patents related to pulse oximetry within months of his employment. According to Masimo, Lamego initially declined to join Apple during a meeting between Masimo and Apple executives in 2013, but reconsidered after Masimo chief executive Joe Kiani appointed another employee as the company's chief technology officer. Lamego resigned in July 2014 after disputing with managers. According to Kiani, Apple hired thirty Masimo employees.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "United States International Trade Commission bans may be vetoed by the president or the United States Trade Representative within sixty days of a ruling; vetoes are rare. In August 2013, then-trade representative Michael Froman vetoed a ruling preventing the iPhone 4 and select iPads from being sold in a patent dispute between Apple and Samsung. Trade representative Katherine Tai upheld a ban regarding electrocardiography technology and AliveCor in Apple Watches in February 2023.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On January 9, 2020, Masimo and its subsidiary, Cercacor Laboratories, filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Central District of California alleging that Apple violated the company's light-based health monitoring patents. Masimo and Cercacor claim that Apple's hiring of Cercacor chief technology officer Marcelo Lamego and Masimo chief medical officer Michael O'Reilly allowed Apple to gain a competitive advantage through their knowledge of Masimo's. The lawsuit seeks to block the use of Masimo's patents in the Apple Watch Series 4 and 5 and to seize seven patents issued to Lamego. Apple repeatedly filed to dismiss the allegations of obtaining trade secrets and filed petitions to invalidate Masimo's patents at the Patent and Trademark Office in September; Masimo accused these efforts of being attempts to delay the case in order to garner a greater share of the smartwatch market. In April 2023, deliberations began in the case. Judge James V. Selna dismissed the business and marketing claims against Apple and set the maximum fine against Apple at US$1.85 billion. The trial ended with a no jury verdict; the jury favored Apple, but a holdout juror refused to compromise.", "title": "Dispute" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In June 2021, Masimo expanded its lawsuit to encompass the Apple Watch Series 6, filing a complaint to the International Trade Commission to state that the Series 6 infringes five patents for Masimo's light-based pulse oximeters. The complaint was prompted by delays in the lawsuit, according to Masimo chief executive Joe Kiani. On October 26, 2023, the International Trade Commission issued an import ban against the Apple Watch Series 6, 7, 8, and 9 models set for December 26. Apple announced that it would halt sales of Apple Watch Series 9 and Ultra 2 models in retail locations on December 24 and online on December 21. The company has attempted to overturn the ban through software updates that would alter how oxygen saturation is determined. Apple lost an attempt to stay the ruling while awaiting an appeal and appealed the ruling to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The federal appellate court granted Apple a temporary reprieve.", "title": "Dispute" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox court case", "Template:USD", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Article for deletion/dated" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Howard is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pope is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Blue Sky is an unincorporated community in Perry County, Tennessee.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite gnis", "Template:Perry County, Tennessee", "Template:Authority control", "Template:PerryCountyTN-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Walter Goulart da Silveira (12 September 1922 – 30 August 2003), better known as Santo Cristo, was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a right winger.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Right winger, he was top scorer for most of the clubs he played for. At Vasco, he formed a great partnership alongside Manoel Pessanha. He was also state champion with São Paulo FC in 1948 and Atlético Mineiro in 1955.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Walter received the nickname \"Santo Cristo\" for being born in the Santo Cristo, Rio de Janeiro. In 1943, he abandoned a flight from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro just minutes before boarding. The plane ended up crashing in Guanabara Bay, killing 18 people, including Cásper Líbero, founder of the journal A Gazeta, and Dom José Gaspar de Afonseca e Silva, archbishop of São Paulo.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

[ "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Inlang" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stepan Kinash (Ukrainian: Степан Кінаш, born 5 Feburary 2002) is a Ukrainian biathlete.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.", "title": "Biathlon results" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Sports links", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Ukraine-biathlon-bio-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Lang-uk" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wenyuan Xu (Chinese: 徐文渊) is a Chinese computer scientist specializing in computer security for wireless networks, embedded systems, and the internet of things. She is a professor in the College of Engineering of Zhejiang University, where she directs the Ubiquitous System Security Lab.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Xu studed electrical engineering at Zhejiang University, graduating in 1998, and continuing for a master's degree in 2001. She completed a Ph.D. at Rutgers University in the US in 2007. Her dissertation, Defending Wireless Networks from Radio Interference Attacks, was jointly supervised by Wade Trappe and Yanyong Zhang.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She joined the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of South Carolina, becoming an associate professor there, before returning to Zhejiang University as a professor in 2013.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Xu won the Chinese Young Women in Science Award in 2023. She was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, \"for contributions to embedded systems for automobile security\".", "title": "Recognition" } ]

[ "Template:Google Scholar id", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use list-defined references", "Template:Lang-zh", "Template:R", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tylorrhynchus is a genus of polychaetes belonging to the family Nereididae. They are also known as ragworms.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Annelid-stub", "Template:Automatic taxobox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jason Merchant is the Lorna Puttkammer Straus Distinguished Service Professor of Linguistics and Vice Provost for Academic Appointments and Graduate Education at the University of Chicago, as well as Faculty Director of UChicagoGRAD.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Merchant earned his PhD in linguistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1999, and his BA summa cum laude in linguistics at Yale University in 1991. He held postdoctoral fellowships at Northwestern University and the University of Groningen, prior to joining the University of Chicago in 2001. Merchant became Vice Provost in 2018, having previously served as chair of the linguistics department, chair of the department of Slavic languages and literatures, and as deputy dean of the humanities.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As vice provost, he oversees all academic appointments at the University of Chicago, and is responsible for academic affairs. His work has included adjudicating claims of academic misconduct and fraud; he was instrumental in granting a PhD to a chemistry student 48 years after her department failed to support her when her advisor died. He also serves on the University's Scholars at Risk committee, which has brought scholars out of war zones to work at the University of Chicago.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Merchant has been a Fulbright fellow at Utrecht University, a Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdiesnt (DAAD) fellow at the University of Tübingen, and an Onassis Fellow at the University of Thessaloniki. In 2012, he was awarded the Llewellyn John and Harriet Manchester Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching and in 2019 the Distinguished Graduate Student Alumni Award from the University of California, Santa Cruz.", "title": "Awards and fellowships" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Merchant is a linguist who has worked on the syntax and semantics of ellipsis, grammatical systems of case and agreement in a variety of languages, and on historical semantics and legal interpretation.", "title": "Research" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox academic", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Harvest of Death is the title of a photograph taken by Timothy H. O'Sullivan, sometime between July 4 and 7, 1863. It shows the bodies of soldiers killed at the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War, stretched out over part of the battlefield.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It is the result of a singular photographic project by entrepreneur Mathew Brady, who wished to give a realistic account of the conflict. However, when Timothy O'Sullivan photographed the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, the deadliest engagement of the Civil War, he had recently distanced himself from his sponsor.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The photograph has given rise to a variety of analyses and interpretations, focusing on the realism of the image, the use of staging, and the representation of violence and dead corpses.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Gettysburg Address, delivered by President Lincoln four months after the battle, contributed to the notoriety of the photograph: despite the commercial failure of the photographers, it gradually achieved celebrity and even status as a symbol of the Civil War, and as such was both celebrated and criticized.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Measuring 45.2 × 57.2 cm (17.79 x 22.51 inches), the albumen print (made by Alexander Gardner), from a collodion glass negative (O'Sullivan is the photographer), shows decomposing corpses on the battlefield. It is one of the most famous representations of the American Civil War. Published in the first American anthology of photographs, Alexander Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War, in 1865, it is part of a series of ten photographic plates of the Battle of Gettysburg, eight of which were taken by Timothy H. O'Sullivan.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The composition of the image shows a foreground of grassy meadow, immediately interrupted by a horizontal line of corpses. The swollen corpses have been stripped of their shoes, and one still has its mouth wide open. The corpses accumulate in the center of the image, the perspective framed by mist or smoke making it impossible for the viewer to distinguish or count them. The indistinct vanishing point indicates the scale of the battlefield and, consequently, the scale of this harvest of death. Whether by chance or by the photographer's deliberate choice, the image's composition is in keeping with the characteristics of landscape painting, inherited from the Renaissance.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The photograph is accompanied by a lengthy caption, which reads:", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Slowly, over the misty fields of Gettysburg - as if all reluctant to expose their ghastly horrors to the light - came the sunless morn, after the retreat by Lee's broken army. Through the shadowy vapors, it was, indeed, a \"harvest of death\" that was presented. Hundreds and thousands of torn Union and rebel soldiers - although many of the former were already interred - strewed the now quiet ground, soaked by the rain, which for two days had drenched the country with its fitful showers [...] Such a picture conveys a useful moral: it shows the blank horror and reality of war, in opposition to its pageantry. Here are the dreadful details! Let them aid in preventing such another calamity falling upon the nation.\"", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "During the American Civil War, glass plates were exposed to wet collodion for five to twenty seconds, and had to be developed quickly after exposure. These constraints meant that a lot of equipment had to be transported to the shooting location in a cart. O'Sullivan's equipment appears incidentally in the far left of the photograph Confederate dead gathered for burial at the southwestern edge of the Rose woods, on the Gettysburg battlefield. The shot is taken as the soldiers' corpses begin their decomposition process, and the thousands of slaughtered horses are piled and burned nearby.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The Photographic technique does not yet allow us to capture the action or the moment - which is what cartoonists can do - nor does photography offer a synthesis like history painting.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "O'Sullivan's biography is incomplete. As a teenager, he was recruited by Mathew Brady, a photographer and portraitist also known for his Civil War photographs. When the war began in 1861, he was most likely commissioned as a first lieutenant in the Union army. Alexander Gardner worked as a staff photographer for General George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac. O'Sullivan became a photographer attached to the topographical engineers, copying maps and plans and taking photographs in his spare time. He and Gardner followed the Union forces from November 1861 to April 1862.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "For American essayist and novelist Susan Sontag, O'Sullivan's photography is part of \"the first large-scale attempt to document a war\". Northern photographers Alexander Gardner and Timothy O'Sullivan collected for their employer Mathew Brady \"conventional subjects, such as encampments populated by officers and infantrymen, towns on the warpath, munitions, ships\", but above all dead Union and Confederate soldiers lying on the scorched ground of Gettysburg and Antietam. Access to the battlefield was a privilege granted to Brady and his team by Lincoln himself, but that did not mean the photographers were commissioned.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Brady proved to be an authoritarian boss: although he assembled 26 photographers to document the entire front, several of them, including Gardner and O'Sullivan, left the group in 1863 and formed their own teams, due to Brady's desire to take full credit for the expedition.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Photographer Sophie Delaporte links Mathew Brady's work to that of Roger Fenton in the Crimean War. For film historian Jérôme Bimbenet, on the other hand, Brady, Gardner and O'Sullivan's expedition is clearly different: \"Unlike the Crimean War, where images were censored in advance because most of the photographers were on assignment on behalf of the government, the American Civil War was covered by a majority of private photographers whose aim was to commercialize the photographs\".", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The Battle of Gettysburg, which took place between July 1-3, 1863 at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, ended in defeat for the Confederates, who lost the battlefield to the Unionists. Often regarded as the main turning point in the war, it was also the Civil War battle with the highest military losses: 28,000 men for the Confederates, 23,000 for the Unionists, well over a quarter of the total number of troops involved. For historian John Keegan, landscape and wooded terrain were the main factors behind this excess mortality, \"as troops met by surprise, in a context of poor visibility, and found it difficult to disengage because of the dense vegetation.\" The good position of the Unionists, entrenched on the heights and heavily armed, left little chance for Confederate assaults.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "It marked the failure of the offensive of the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Lee, against General Meade's Army of the Potomac, and put an end to the invasion by Confederate troops of territories controlled by the Union.", "title": "Context" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "For Brady, photography is a moral duty: \"the camera is the eye of history\", he says. The demand for realism allows, if not requires, the showing of unpleasant and harsh facts. Thus, \"at the outbreak of war, the American photographer's ambition is to record the history of the United States, focusing in particular on the daily lives of those involved in the conflict, from the general to the common soldier: he shows individuals above all, while erasing hierarchies.\" Because he financed his venture alone, Brady also hoped to make a considerable amount of money. For film historian Jérôme Bimbenet, it was probably the private initiative that enabled O'Sullivan's images to be both realistic and innovative - unlike under government commissioned work.", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "However, photographers didn't necessarily photograph their subjects as they found them. Photography remains a work of composition. With living subjects, one adopts a pose; with immobile corpses, as Susan Sontag points out, the photographer remains the one who arranges the elements in the image. Similarly, André Kaspi, an expert on the United States history, points out that to attract buyers of photographs, the Civil War photographer becomes a director, resorting to trickery.", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Through staging, photography becomes an element that can be manipulated for aesthetic, commercial or propagandistic purposes.", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "A Harvest of Death and Field where General Reynolds fell are plates 36 and 37 in the Photographic Sketch Book of the War, published in 1865. Their subject matter appears to be different: \"The commentary on the first photograph describes rebel soldiers, who died attacking a patriot army and were abandoned on the battlefield. The second describes Union soldiers who died doing their duty.\" However, American historian William Frassanito was able to demonstrate that it was a single scene, taken from two different angles by Timothy O'Sullivan.", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "According to historian François Cochet, if \"the same corpses are used both to honor Union soldiers who died doing their duty, and to [sic] describe rebels killed while mounting an assault on Northern patriots\", it's because, in his view, \"the rules of total media warfare were set as early as the American Civil War.\" For Héloïse Conésa, A Harvest of Death bears witness to a pioneering \"falsification\", as O'Sullivan seeks to \"push the tragic dimension of his shooting to the extreme.\"", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "In Gardner's album, we find other forms of staging, notably for the shot representing the body of a marksman. William Frassanito has studied six photographs of this dead soldier, taken by photographers Alexander Gardner and Timothy O'Sullivan on the Gettysburg battlefield in July 1863. Four of them are located on the southern slope of Devil's Den, the original location of the infantryman's body, probably killed as he mounted the assault: \"After taking pictures of the dead soldier from several angles, the two photographers noticed the sniper's picturesque lair - forty yards away - and moved the corpse into this rocky niche to photograph it again. A blanket, visible beneath the soldier in another version of the sniper's den image, may have been used to carry the body.\"", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "According to Frassanito, the type of weapon shown in these photos was not used by marksmen, but was probably an accessory brought along by the photographer himself.", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "For historian François Cochet, this staging raises the question of the place and role of photography, as it shows \"a deeply felt relationship with the 'truth', with the conviction, still widely shared, that 'it's true because it's been photographed'. This \"truth\", constructed and instrumentalized outside of any real administration of proof, is one of the essential dimensions of war photography.\"", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "The image caption gives rise to parallel interpretations. For Monique Sicard, researcher at the CNRS, \"the violence of the images gives rise to non-violent positions, already offering counter-examples to the hypotheses formulated as early as 1917 on the links between the violence of the scenes depicted and the delinquency of young people.\" The website of the international photojournalism festival Visa pour l'image points to a filiation in the rejection of violence, as Gardner and O'Sullivan \"revealed the other side of the heroic decor of war by using photography to describe its dreadful details, publishing the very first images of battlefields strewn with corpses. [They] took up the torch from artists such as Jacques Callot and Goya, and paved the way for other photographers who made it their duty to denounce the horrors of war.\"", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Photography historian François Brunet shows that this \"photographic gospel\", with its faith in the veracity of the image, pacifism and the power of images to transform the world, lasted well into the 1930s in the United States.", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "For Hélène Puiseux, Director of Studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études, photographs of the Crimean War, and even more clearly those of the American Civil War, helped redefine the figure of the battle, and she describes its genealogy: \"When photography was born, the battle had been inscribed for several centuries both in military reality as a strategic model [...] and in cultural representations. The term [battle] hands on the same plate both the reality to the military and the fiction of that reality, afterwards, to everyone.\"", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "Civil War photographers, who lacked the equipment to capture either the moment or the geographical scale of the battle, were thus led to make temporal and spatial divisions, to emphasize the \"before\" and \"after\" of the battle: Gardner and O'Sullivan \"will insist on human bodies before, after and during the battle; they will capture [...] the wounded, the corpses, the more or less dazed or triumphant survivors.\"", "title": "Analysis and interpretation" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "The creation of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, close to the battlefield, and President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, are an essential milestone in American history. Four months after the battle, on November 19, 1863, the cemetery was inaugurated. At the ceremony, President Lincoln paid tribute to the fallen and delivered a historic speech, known as the \"Gettysburg Address\". The speech marked an evolution in Lincoln's thinking and in the aims of the war, for it was no longer just a matter of defending the Union and restricting slavery, but also of founding a new Union that would fulfill the dream of the Founding Fathers of being composed solely of free men.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "The photographic representation of soldiers' corpses poses new challenges.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "Ulrich Pohlmann, head of the Munich City Museum's photographic collection, believes that the groundbreaking media impact of corpse photographs on public opinion began with the exhibition of images of Antietam's dead in New York's Brady Gallery in 1862: \"For the first time, death on the battlefield took on a sensitive and direct character [...]. The New York Times review of the exhibition brought Brady increased popularity and a considerable influx of customers.\" Sophie Delaporte, referring to the same images from 1862, believes that photographers \"contribute to modifying the relationship to corporal injury and to placing an image on the very notion of the battlefield. They also broke down the barrier of invisibility of mutilated bodies or corpses, bringing the tragedy of war to the front.\"", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "But the very next year, A Harvest of Death replaced \"the effect produced by Antietam in the collective memory.\" With this image, 1863 becomes a \"landmark date in the modification of sensibilities, a milestone in the relatively new history of emotions.\"", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "Laurent Gervereau, from La contemporaine, also considers that \"the Civil War introduces a new dimension to such a frigid recension of the effects of war: corpses. [...] In Sullivan and Gardner's work [...] the photographic record, in its early stages, is atrocious. Sweeping away all movement, all heroism of gesture, all narrative of bravery [...], it introduces radical perspectives.\" While the photographer's observation is not entirely voluntary - it is still impossible to capture the moment of combat, and photography provides a kind of post-war record - its impact is no less clear: \"Why make war under these conditions? [Photographic uses of warfare] annihilate centuries of war narrative. Because war was epic, and the image illustrated the successive developments of the gesture [...]. Photography no longer tells us anything about the epicenter: combat. There is no longer courage, distress, victory or defeat. What remains is the accommodation of what's left.\"", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Art historian François Robichon points out that, even taking O'Sullivan's staging into account, \"if the photograph can be made to lie about its meaning, the corpses are very real, and the sight of them has upset established conventions.\"", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "Although the image shocked many when it was first published, it was not a commercial success, and the Photographic Sketchbook of the War found few buyers, not only because of its cost, but also, according to Sophie Delaporte, because \"the suffering endured during the conflict eventually turned people away\" from these images.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "A woodcut inspired by the photograph's motif appeared in Harper's Weekly on July 22, 1865.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "The Brady Fund was bought out of bankruptcy by the US Congress in 1872 or 1875.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "O'Sullivan then pursued a career as a photographer, documenting the exploration of American landscapes. François Brunet calls him \"the most famous and [...] the most enigmatic of the exploration photographers\". Forgotten for a time, his work was rediscovered in the 1930s and, in the 1970s, interpreted as that of a pioneer. Since he left no written records, only an analysis of his work allows us to approach some of his logics: working in series, the usual practice of panorama and shot/reverse shot, the variation of - natural - lighting on the same location. For Brunet, O'Sullivan creates dynamic landscapes, inhabited by rare human figures that can be interpreted as metonyms of America. He adds a certain narcissism that is not devoid of humor, as the photographer included his own equipment in a large number of images between 1860 and 1880, as a mockery of the relative anonymity imposed on government photographers.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "Francis Trevelyan Miller's The photographic history of the Civil War, published in 1911, uses photography as a vehicle for national unity, marked by pacifism.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "On the centenary of the battle, as in contemporary times, A Harvest of Death enjoyed iconic status and widespread popularity. The revelation in 1975 by military historian Frassanito of the staging elements in the photographs attributed to Brady paved the way for a new and popular approach to the historical investigation of old photos.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "For Jérôme Bimbenet, \"the terrible images of Timothy O'Sullivan or Matthew Brady are inscribed in the American collective unconscious.\" In his 2018 book on the American Civil War, historian Farid Ameur believes that \"tragedy still occupies a central place in the collective memory of Americans. Thus, through film, literature, historical studies and the countless monuments dedicated to the missing, the memory of the Civil War lives on. The remarkable photographs of Matthew Brady, Timothy O'Sullivan and Alexander Gardner are endlessly examined.\"", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "Until the 21st century, photography generated amateur tourism to Gettysburg, as well as attempts to identify the exact location where the photograph was taken.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "In 2006, philosopher Pierre Zaoui [fr; de] likened this photograph to photographer Éric Baudelaire's diptych The Dreadful Details, pointing out that it is a mise en abyme of the justifications for war imagery, and in particular its denunciatory function, clearly stated in Gardner's caption. The very title of the work is a borrowing from the introduction to the 1865, Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Art historian Héloïse Conésa continues this interpretation, recognizing in The Dreadful Details \"a documentary fiction underpinned by a whole range of references, notably to Civil War photographs, such as the most famous of them all, A Harvest of Death\": this photograph is famous both for being one of the first to show the battlefield covered in corpses, but also for pioneering \"falsification\" or staging. In 2006, A Harvest of Death thus inspired a work that questions the \"nature of the 'image of history' in the contemporary era, by resorting to the industry of simulation: Hollywood.\" The entire scene supposedly set in Iraq during the war is made up of extras.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "Photographer Robert Adams cites Timothy O'Sullivan as one of his rare sources of inspiration.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 44, "text": "The image has a strong presence in U.S. school textbooks, and raises a number of pedagogical issues, particularly in history classes. In 2005, Jean-Marie Baldner proposed a special approach to teachers based on photography. Starting from the observation that the school textbook is an achronic sum of documents, all presented in a certain immediacy and with a supposedly spontaneous comprehension (\"everyone sees and therefore knows, because everyone looks at photo reports every day\"), he promotes in the classroom an assumed, controlled anachronistic reading of old photographs, such as A Harvest of Death, the analysis of which would bring out, for pupils, questions useful for reading photo reports of current conflicts.", "title": "Posterity" } ]

[ "Template:Multiple images", "Template:Ill", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Harvtxt", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Portal", "Template:Short description", "Template:Main", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Blockquote", "Template:Refn", "Template:External media", "Template:Lang" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tomeka Reid Quartet is an album by the jazz ensemble of the same name, led by cellist and composer Tomeka Reid, and featuring guitarist Mary Halvorson, double bassist Jason Roebke, and drummer Tomas Fujiwara. It was recorded on September 1, 2014, at Strobe Recording in Chicago, Illinois, and was released in 2015 by Thirsty Ear Recordings as part of their Blue Series.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In an article for The New York Times, Ben Ratliff called the album \"exceptional,\" and described Reid as \"a melodic improviser with a natural, flowing sense of song and an experimenter who can create heat and grit with the texture of sound.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Bret Saunders of The Denver Post featured the album in the #1 position in his \"Best jazz albums of 2015\" list, praising it as \"buoyant\" and \"friendly.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Chicago Tribune's Howard Reich named Reid \"Chicagoan of the Year in Jazz\" for 2015, describing her as a \"remarkable\" musician possessing \"singular gifts,\" and calling the album \"innovative\" and \"immensely attractive.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Writing for Point of Departure, Troy Collins noted that, with the release of the album, Reid was \"poised to become one of the preeminent improvising cellists of her generation.\" He commented: \"An impressive combination of ebullient swing and elegant deportment, Tomeka Reid Quartet is a phenomenal record\" that \"showcases Reid's improvisational mettle, memorable writing and keen arrangements, in addition to her magnanimous leadership abilities.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Hrayr Attarian of All About Jazz stated that the album is \"a stimulating and mesmerizing work that showcases the superlative cellist's artistry at its best,\" and remarked: \"Her exquisite instrumental prowess as well as her brilliant writing make this a singular record.\" AAJ's Patrick Burnette called the album \"a remarkably assured recording, programmed with an excellent sense of pace and point,\" and wrote: \"Performances don't outstay their welcome and fit together in a larger whole. This is a musical statement rather than a brochure advertising everything Reid can do.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Critic Kevin Whitehead of NPR Music suggested that the album's lineup \"draws a connection to Chico Hamilton's chamber jazz quintet from the '50s,\" but noted that \"Reid's foursome gets more low-down.\" He commented: \"The strings bind together nicely, and the drums give them a propulsive kick. There's good chemistry all around.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In a 5-star review for The Free Jazz Collective, Tom Burris called the album \"an absolute gem,\" and stated that \"this music brings pure unadulterated joy into the world.\" He remarked: \"Reid's vision is broad and all-encompassing. Every new sound is intuitively balanced by the introduction of its polar opposite. It is idealistic and inclusive. Who wouldn't want to inhabit this world?\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "\"17 West\" composed by Eric Dolphy. \"Improv #1\" composed by Tomeka Reid and Mary Halvorson. Remaining tracks composed by Tomeka Reid.", "title": "Track listing" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox album", "Template:Album ratings", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Xanthaptychia aurantiaca, the Arctic orangebush lichen, is a species of terricolous (ground-dwelling), fruticose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. This small orange lichen is endemic to the Canadian Arctic and is known from a few scattered collections across this region. It was classified as an endangered species by the IUCN in 2020.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The lichen was first formally described in 1823 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, as Borrera aurantiaca. In his original diagnosis of the species, he noted its ascending, orange, slightly compressed, bare, and somewhat dichotomous thallus with a pale base, and very short and obtuse terminal branchlets. Brown suggested that the species was related to Borrera flavicans (now known as Teloschistes flavicans), and that both are distinguished from others by their somewhat cylindrical, shrubby thallus. He further noted that in this species, the apothecia (fruiting bodies) are unknown, and therefore the appropriate genus placement is uncertain. One of the collections made on Winter Harbour on Melville Island was later designated as a lectotype specimen.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1931, Alexander Zahlbruckner thought that the Teloschistes was a more appropriate generic placement for the species, but since the combination Teloschistes aurantiacus has already been used, he proposed a new name for the species, Teloschistes arcticus. Sergey Kondratyuk and Ingvar Kärnefelt moved it to the genus Xanthoanaptychia in 2003, but this genus has since been subsumed into Seirophora. In 2004, Patrick Frödén transferred the taxon to the genus Seirophora. In 2017, Kondratyuk and Sonia Ravera moved it to Xanthaptychia, giving it the binomial name by which it is now known. It is commonly known as the \"Arctic orangebush lichen\".", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Xanthaptychia aurantiaca is native to the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is found in specific areas such as Banks Island, Melville Island, Victoria Island, and the Cape Parry area on the mainland. Although it spans a considerable area in the Canadian Western Arctic, its presence is sporadic and infrequent across this range. There are only 12 known locations in the Canadian Arctic where this species has been observed, as evidenced by 18 herbarium specimens.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "This lichen typically grows on the ground in coastal areas or in the hummocky tundra nearby. It thrives in harsh, sedimentary environments, often in areas shaped by ice or wind, such as hummocks or soil cracks. These crevices and sheltered spots near vegetation provide microhabitats for its growth.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2020, Xanthaptychia aurantiaca was classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as an endangered species. It faces multiple threats due to climate change in the Canadian Arctic. These include habitat loss from rapidly eroding coasts, increased sea ice melt, saline wash from storm surges, and permafrost melting. Further, the changing climate may allow the advancement of southern vegetation communities and the introduction of invasive species, potentially exacerbating the impact on this lichen by altering its native habitat.", "title": "Conservation" } ]

[ "Template:Lichengloss", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Speciesbox" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gessica Généus is an award-winning Haitian actor, singer, documentary maker, film director, screen writer and author.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Généus was born on 23 December,1985 in Port au Prince, the capital of Haiti, in a precarious neighbourhood. Although she knew who her father was, he was not involved with her upbringing. She grew up with her mother and cousins. Her mother, an activist, was diagnosed as bi-polar and schizophrenic when Généus was fourteen. Généus is listed among the famous alumni of the College Saint-Louis de Bourdon.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2002, at the age of 17, Généus financially supported her final years at school by acting in Barikad (Barricade) a popular film directed by Richard Sénécal. For her role, she received the Ticket d'Or (Golden Ticket) for best actress at the Haitian Entertainment Awards. In 2006, she won the best female actress award at the Brooklyn International Film Festival in New York for her role in Cousine. (Cousin). In 2007, she won the Grand Prix de la Diaspora at FESPACO (Pan-African Cinema Festival of Ouagadougou).", "title": "Acting career and awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After the earthquake in 2010, Généus worked for the United Nations before moving to Paris in 2011, on a scholarship to study acting from Acting International in Paris. In 2012, she played Vertueuse in a historical, French TV mini-series broadcast in two parts and titled Toussaint Louverture 6. It was produced by France 2.", "title": "Acting career and awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2014, Généus published her first book: Yon ti koze ak se m (Conversations with my sister).", "title": "Writing and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In March 2018, she released her first music album ASE.", "title": "Writing and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After moving back to Haiti from Paris, Généus set up her own production company called Azizian Productions. From 2014-2016, she directed Vizaj Nou (Our faces), a series of fifteen-minute films, made in collaboration with Caribbean Television. They focused on leading figures in Haiti such as Viviane Gauthier, Frankétienne, Konpè Filo, and Odette Roy Fombrun.", "title": "Directing career and awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2019, Généus made Douvan Jou Ka Leve (The Sun will Rise) in collaboration with France TV. The film, about religion and mental health issues, won several awards.", "title": "Directing career and awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2021, Freda, directed by Généus, was released. The film is about a single mother and her three offspring. It is set and was made in Port au Prince, Haiti, in extremely difficult conditions after the 2010 earthquake, the pandemic lockdowns, and amidst violent anti-corruption demonstrations, kidnapping and insecurity in the capital. Francis Ford Coppola supported the film project by acting as executive director. It was the first Haitian film to be screened at the Cannes Film Festival since 1993. It won second prize at the Pan-African Film and Television Festival. It is also the second Haitian film in history to be entered for the Academy Awards within the category for Best International Feature Film.", "title": "Directing career and awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "", "title": "Filmography" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "As actor", "title": "Filmography" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "As director", "title": "Filmography" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "[[:Category: 1985 births| People from Port-au-Prince| Haitian film makers| Haitian authors| Haitian singers| Haitian actors]]", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 South Korean Figure Skating Championships will be held from January 4–7, 2024 at the Uijeongbu Indoor Ice Rink in Uijeongbu. It will be the 78th edition of the event. Medals will be awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, and ice dance on the senior and junior levels. The results will be part of the Korean Skating Union's selection criteria for the 2024 World Junior Figure Skating Championships and the 2024 World Championships.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A list of preliminary entries was published on December 26, 2023.", "title": "Entries" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The 2024 Winter Youth Olympics will be held in Gangneung, South Korea from 27 January to 1 February 2024.", "title": "International team selections" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The 2024 Four Continents Championships will be held in Shanghai, China from January 30 to February 4, 2024.", "title": "International team selections" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Commonly referred to as \"Junior Worlds\", the 2024 World Junior Championships will be held in Taipei, Taiwan from February 26 to March 3, 2024.", "title": "International team selections" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The 2024 World Championships will be held in Montreal, Canada, from March 18-24, 2024.", "title": "International team selections" } ]

[ "Template:South Korean Figure Skating Championships", "Template:2023–24 in figure skating", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox Figure Skating Competition", "Template:N/A", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite tweet", "Template:Official website" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "F. Jon Kull is the Rodgers Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kull earned his PhD in Biochemistry at the University of California, San Francisco and his AB magna cum laude in Chemistry at Dartmouth in 1988..", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kull is a structural biologist and biochemist who works on molecular motor proteins and the proteins involved in the regulation of bacterial virulence.", "title": "Research" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox academic", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1977 Volvo Classic, also known as the Washington Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Charles E. Smith Center in Washington, D.C. in the United States that was part of the Three Star category of the 1977 Grand Prix circuit. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and was held from March 14 through March 20, 1977. Third-seeded Brian Gottfried won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money after defeating sixth-seeded Bob Lutz in the final.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Brian Gottfried defeated Bob Lutz 6–1, 6–2", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated Brian Gottfried / Raúl Ramírez 6–3, 7–5", "title": "Finals" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox tennis tournament year", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Washington Indoor tournaments", "Template:1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1979 Offaly Senior Hurling Championship was the 82nd staging of the Offaly Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Offaly County Board in 1896. The group stage placings were confirmed on 7 February 1979.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Coolderry entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Kinnitty in the semi-finals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The final was played on 5 November 1978 at St Brendan's Park in Birr, between Kinnitty and St Rynagh's, in what was their fifth meeting in the final overall and a first meeting in two years. Kinnitty won the match by 1-08 to 0-06 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in 11 years.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Offaly Senior Hurling Championship", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox hurling championship", "Template:Footballbox collapsible" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Miles Mausoleum is located in Section 3 of the Arlington National Cemetery.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Many members and descendants of the Miles Family (Lieutenant General Nelson Appleton Miles and Major General Sherman Miles) are buried in this mausoleum on a hill in Section 3 of Arlington National Cemetery.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It is one of only two mausolea located within the confines of the Cemetery. The only other one belongs to the family of General Thomas Crook Sullivan and it is located in Section 1.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "38°52′25.29″N 77°4′14.11″W / 38.8736917°N 77.0705861°W / 38.8736917; -77.0705861", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Coord" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rebecca Mehra (born 25 October 1994) is an American middle-distance runner. Running for Stanford University, she finished 3rd at the 2016 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships in the distance medley relay, and she finished 11th at the 2021 United States Olympic trials in the 1500 m.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mehra is from Palos Verdes Estates, California and attended Palos Verdes High School. Despite being affected by athletic asthma and a stress fracture on her foot, Mehra was one of the few athletes in California state history to achieve eight California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) state meet appearances -- four in track and field and four in cross country. In the final track race of her high school career, she finished 2nd at the CIF women's 1600 metres finals to Nikki Hiltz.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 2012 to 2017, Mehra was a member of the Stanford Cardinal track and field team. Though her collegiate career was interrupted by four femoral stress injuries, Mehra still achieved a third-place finish in the distance medley relay at the 2016 NCAA Championships, and a 6th-place finish in the 1500 m at the 2017 NCAA Championships.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At the 2017 Maccabiah Games, Mehra won silver medals in the 800 metres and 1500 metres, both behind gold medalist Sasha Gollish. Through meeting Gollish at the Games, Mehra was connected to Dr. Sarah Lesko from Oiselle and eventually joined the brand's Littlewing Athletics elite team.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "By virtue of competing on the fourth-place Strava team at the 2017 USATF National Club Cross Country Championships, Mehra was selected to represent the United States at the 2018 Great Edinburgh International Cross Country, in the mixed gender 4 × 1 km relay. The team finished in 7th place.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Mehra won the 2021 Prefontaine Classic women's 1500 metres in a time of 4:06.39, under the non-Diamond League section of the meet program. At the 2021 United States Olympic trials, Mehra competed in both the 800 m and 1500 m. In the 800 m, Mehra finished 6th in her semifinal, having to jump over a fallen athlete during the race. She filed a protest to be placed into the finals, but the protest was not successful. In the 1500 m, Mehra advanced to the finals and finished 11th in a time of 4:08.47.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2022, Mehra suffered from long COVID symptoms and did not reach the finals of the 2022 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, ending her season early after that. In 2023, Mehra stumbled at the Sound Running Track Fest meet in June and later realized she had a acetabular labrum tear, which combined with another bout of COVID-19 ended her season again.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Mehra is the daughter of an Indian immigrant father and a Jewish mother from Long Island, and she can write and speak Hindi.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2018, she worked as an intern for venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. She also began to work part-time for the Stanford Cardinal athletic department focusing on student-athlete development.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "After being laid off from her Stanford job during the COVID-19 pandemic, Mehra became the special advisor and chief of staff for then-mayor of Bend, Oregon Sally Russell, expressing interest in public policy. Mehra stated her desire to represent the United States both athletically and diplomatically.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In March 2020, Mehra went viral for helping an elderly couple buy groceries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The incident was covered in CBS News, People Magazine, CNN, and The Daily Mail. Minneapolis City Council member Phillipe Cunningham was inspired by her story to start a volunteer program for community members to errands for elderly neighbors.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In October 2020, Mehra adopted two cats, Kobe and Cali. In Fall 2023, Mehra coached high school cross country athletes in Mammoth Lakes, California.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 2021, Mehra was a contestant on season 4 episode 17 of Ellen's Game of Games, a game show hosted by Ellen Degeneres. She won the competition, including a $5000 prize.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In 2022, Mehra became a proxy for a USATF Foundation board member.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Mehra's favorite food is cheese, and she sought out a cheese sponsor following the 2021 Olympic trials.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

[ "Template:Bronze3", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:World Athletics", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Gold1" ]

[]

[ "Template:Italic", "Template:Infobox album", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Luca Barrington (born 15 April 2004) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Tottenham Hotspur.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A product of the Manchester City academy, he had joined the club at six years-old. He signed a professional contract with City in the summer of 2022, having scored ten goals in 22 appearances to help them win the Under-18 Premier League during the 2021-22 season.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Barrington signed for Brighton in August 2022, agreeing a three-year contract. He began training with the Brighton first team squad during the 2023-24 season. He was included in the Brighton first team match-day squads for Premier League matches in December 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Described as two footed, and able to impact play from either flank. He was named by English newspaper The Guardian as one of the best first year scholars in the Premier League in October 2021, who also notes his ability to dribble.", "title": "Style of play" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 Missouri Valley Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the Missouri Valley Conference held from October 26 through November 5, 2023. The Opening round and Second round was held at campus sites. The semifinals and finals took place at Cownie Sports Complex in Des Moines, Iowa. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of four rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The defending champions were the Missouri State, who were unsuccessful in defending their crown as they fell to Valparaiso in the Semifinals. Valparaiso would go on to win the tournament over top-seed Drake, 1–0 in the Final. The conference tournament title was the first for the Valparaiso women's soccer program, and first for head coach John Marovich. Valparaiso has won two conference titles previously, but they were not in the Missouri Valley Conference. As tournament champions, Valparaiso earned the Missouri Valley's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Eight of the eleven Missouri Valley Conference women's soccer programs qualified for the 2023 Tournament. Teams were seeded based on their regular season records. No tiebreakers were required as all teams finished with unique regular seaon conference records.", "title": "Seeding" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "There were 8 goals scored in 7 matches, for an average of 1.14 goals per match (as of November 5, 2023).", "title": "Statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "1 goal", "title": "Statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Source:", "title": "All-Tournament team" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "MVP in bold", "title": "All-Tournament team" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox NCAA Soccer Conference Tournament", "Template:2023 Missouri Valley Conference women's soccer standings", "Template:8TeamBracket-StepladderToSF", "Template:Football box collapsible", "Template:Goalscorers", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:2023 NCAA Division I women's soccer season" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea × sundvikii is a species of waterlily endemic to Central and East European Russia. It is a natural hybrid of Nymphaea candida and Nymphaea tetragona.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The leaves are larger than the leaves of Nymphaea tetragona.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The flowers show intermediate morphological characteristics, and they are larger than the flowers of Nymphaea tetragona.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It was first described by Hiitonen in 1933.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It is known from aquatic habitats in the region of Tver, Kostroma, and Nizhny Novgorod. It has been observed in a Sphagnum bog in a small lake. It has also been reported to occur in the Kazhim reservoir. The hybrid is usually found in habitats of sympatric occurrence of the two parent species.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Multiple image", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Taxonbar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Buzhanka (Ukrainian: Бужанка) is a village of about 2000 in central Ukraine, located on the Hnylyi Tikych River, 24 kilometers northwest of the district capital Zvenyhorodka and 98 kilometers west of the oblast capital Cherkasy.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "As of the 2001 census, Buzhanka had a population of 1,963. 1,954 of whom indicated Ukrainian as their native language, 6 Russian, 1 Belarusian, and 2 other.", "title": "Population" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The village was first mentioned in writing at the beginning of the 17th century.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:More citations needed", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cornelis Kruyswijk (1884–1935) was a Dutch architect, notable for his contributions to the Amsterdam School style.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Abcoude, the son of a carpenter contractor, Kruyswijk's early career involved work at his father's company while attending the Industrial School of the Society for the Working Class in Amsterdam.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kruyswijk's professional career included roles in Dordrecht, Leeuwarden, Maastricht, and Amsterdam, working with architects such as Bert Johan Ouëndag, Harry Elte, and Philip Anne Warners. In 1919, he established his own practice in Amsterdam.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "His architectural work includes schools, housing complexes, and churches, all designed in the Amsterdam School style characterized by expressive brickwork, natural stone, and iron ornamentation. In his work, he often did not distinguish itself significantly from his contemporaries, with the exception of specialized structures such as schools and churches. Over a hundred of his designs, primarily in Amsterdam, are documented, including notable projects such as the Smallepadschool, JJ van Noortschool, and various residential and commercial buildings in Amsterdam South and West.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jacalyn Evone Robinson known professionally as Jacalyn Eyvonne is an African-American poet and filmmaker. She serves concurrently with Kathleen Herrmann as poet laureate of Vallejo, California. Like their predecessors, Herrmann and Eyvonne host the Poetry in Notion poetry circle at the John F. Kennedy Library in Vallejo. The two poets have also performed together at the Mad Hatter Holiday Festival. Eyvonne is the author of 3 books, and her poems have appeared in anthologies in North America and the United Kingdom. In 2022 she placed second in the Jackson Book Festival poetry competition. In the 1990s she edited the magazine In the Company of Poets based in Oakland, California. Eyvonne earned her B.A. in Motion Pictures & Television from the Academy of Art University at San Francisco. She is a television producer at Vallejo Community Access Television, and the station awarded her film Arc Angels with Best Feature in 2018. Eyvonne is the founder of the Poetry and Monologues and KidsNFilm film festivals. On February 13, 2017, she was honored by the Indiana House of Representatives in Indiana House Resolution 18 for her film Stripes when it appeared at the Bill Johnson Black Film Festival. She served as a judge for the 2017 North Bay Art & Film Festival.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Works" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Vallejo California Poets Laureate", "Template:ISBN", "Template:Portal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Renato Alves Menezes Barreto (born September 1, 1993), better known by his stage name Froid, is a Brazilian rapper. born in Belo Horizonte, Brazil in 1993. Froid is notably certified gold for the single \"SK8 do Matheus\" with Rodrigo Cartier, and 2x platinum for the single \"Lamentável III\" with Cynthia Luz.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Froid founded the Hip Hop group \"Um Barril de Rap\" with two other partners in 2011. Initially the group's members were Froid himself, Sampa and Yank. After a while, producer Disstinto also joined the group. In 2017, the group disbanded after Yank left, so Froid continued his solo career.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "While he was a member of the group \"Um Barril de Rap\", Froid also participated in freestyle rap battles, attending Batalha do Neuronio and Batalha do Museu, based at the National Museum of the Republic in Brasília, thus growing in the national rap scene and gaining his notoriety.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2018, Froid played at the João Rock festival.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Froid on Instagram", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Instagram", "Template:Portalbar", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox musical artist", "Template:Citation needed", "Template:Nom", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Multiple issues", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Demola is a masculine given name. Notable people with this name include:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Distinguish", "Template:Given name" ]

[]

[ "Template:Wiktionary redirect", "Template:Short pages monitor" ]