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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2013 Vietnam Championship Series A Winter Season is the first split of the first season of Vietnam's fully professional League of Legends league after renaming from Glorious Arena.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Top 8 team from 2013 VCS A Winter Qualifiers", "title": "Participants" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Matches are best of one", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "₫200,000,000 Vietnamese Dong are spread among the teams as seen below:", "title": "Final standings" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "As of this edit, this article uses content from \"Garena Premier League\", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dendrolasma dentipalpe is a species of harvestman in the family Nemastomatidae. It is found in North America, in USA California. The species was described by Shear & Gruber, 1983, who reported the holotype from the USA in \"Carlotta, Humboldt County\", alongside other Californian specimens.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dendrolasma dentipalpe is said to differ from Dendrolasma mirabile by the intricate, small-celled keel lattice, and its relatively shorter legs. The males are said to have more exaggerated cheliceral modifications than Dendrolasma mirabile, plus have a notable medioapical tooth of the male palpal patella. Also the very long penis with an elongated glans.", "title": "Description" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aayiram Porkaasukal (English: Thousand gold coins) is a 2023 Indian Tamil-language drama film, written and directed by Ravi Murukaya. Produced by GRM Studio, with the film stars Vidharth, Saravanan and Arundhati Nair in the lead roles. The film was released theatrically on 15 December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Production work on the film began in mid-2017, with Vidharth and Arundhati Nair signed on to play lead roles. The shoot of the film progressed throughout 2018 and was completed by March 2019, with Arundhati briefly taking on the stage name of Jaavanika before reverting to her original name.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film had a theatrical release on 15 December 2023 across Tamil Nadu. A critic from Times of India noted that \"a series of well-acted characters elevates this comedy of errors\" and that \"as for the cast, all actors are unanimously good, particularly those who play the smaller roles\". A reviewer from The South First wrote \"Ravi Murukaya's directorial is not a rip-roaring comedy but then, it has sequences which do bring a smile to your face\".", "title": "Release and reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Hamilton District Council were held on 5 May 1988, on the same day as the other Scottish local government elections. This was the fifth election to the district council following the local government reforms in the 1970s.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The election used the 20 wards created by the Initial Statutory Reviews of Electoral Arrangements in 1980. Each ward elected one councillor using first-past-the-post voting.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Despite losing two seats and their vote share falling by 10.2%, Labour maintained control of the district council as they won 15 of the 20 seats – taking 54.7% of the popular vote. In March 1988, the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party merged and the newly formed Scottish Social and Liberal Democrats (SSLD) matched the result of the SDP–Liberal Alliance at the previous election as they returned two councillors. The remaining seats were won by the Scottish National Party (SNP) – who gained one seat and had come second in the popular vote – and the Conservatives.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Source:", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Source:", "title": "Ward results" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Hamilton Category:Hamilton District Council elections", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Natives is a 2017 play by Glenn Waldron about digital natives, young people who grew up in the information age.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It premiered at the Southwark Playhouse in London in 2017, starring Ella Purnell, Fionn Whitehead and Manish Gandhi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It was performed in Sydney in 2021, directed by Charlie Vaux with the parts played by Fraser Crane, Sophie Strykowski and Ali Samaei.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shh Eccharike is a 2015 Indian Kannada-language directed by Nagaraj Kandagal. Starring Maruthi Soorya, Akshatha and Ajith. produced by Jai Ganesh, Stephen Arun Raj and Maruthi S. It was theatrically released on 21 August 2015.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A Shardhaa from The New Indian Express wrote \"Verdict: You will laugh the most when the end credits say, ‘to be continued’\". A reviewer of Deccan Herald says \"The only shocker Shh Echarike provides audiences is when the end credits roll by and .... to be continued looms large. A sequel, you wonder. So much for optimism and hope. For Shh Echarike is anything but a horror show it claims to be. God save!\". Archana Nathan from The Hindu wrote \"Shh… is a poor attempt at telling a story we have heard many times. And the horror of sitting through it is really not worth it. Come to think of it, it is rightly titled after all\". Sunanya Suresh from The Times of India says \"Honestly, one wonders why parents would push their kids to be a part of films, which they would be embarrassed of when they grow up. The girl playing the ghost looks like she is dressed as one of the Avatar tribe for Comic Con\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Weekend in September is a 1957 book by John Edward Weems. It is about the 1900 Galveston hurricane.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A 1980 reprinting was published by the Texas A&M University Press. In 2005 the university made the book's 10th printing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Weems had interviewed people who had experienced the events and used other sources from the era.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Dean R. Larson of Purdue University Calumet (now Purdue University Northwest) stated that the imagery is \"so alive with detail that this reader needed a self reminder that the book is not fiction\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Ralph A. Wooster of Lamar University stated that the research was \"skillful\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dr Zac Leow is a Singaporean para-athlete.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Leow set a Guinness world-record time at the Standard Chartered Singapore Marathon (SCSM) on 3 December 2023. The exercise scientist smashed the CI1 (men) para-classification marathon world record mark of 5 hr 30 min, completing the 42.195 km race in 4 hr 51 min 59 sec. Leow said:\"I’m from Victoria School, along the East Coast Parkway service road, so when I saw my school during my run, I was reminded of the fighting spirit instilled in us there, and that kept me going.”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Prior to this, the PhD graduate from the University of Western Australia had won a silver medal at the 2015 ASEAN Para Games, defying doctors who had said that he would not be able to walk again.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wilen is a town in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wilen may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Sukhram Shivcharan Singh Koli is an Indian politician, social worker and former Member of Legislative Assembly for Baseri assembly constituency as a member of Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2008 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly elections, Koli defeated the Badri Prasad of Indian National Congress party.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sukhram Koli was born to Shivcharan Singh Koli in 1973 in Baseri town of Dholpur district in Rajasthan state of India.", "title": "Early life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Indian Arm Wrestling Federation is the governing body for arm wrestling in India.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Indian Arm Wrestling Federation was formed in 1977 to promote Arm Wrestling as sport in India. Arm Wrestling also called as \"Panja\" has been promoted through Pro Panja League (PPL) set up in Year 2020 for organising League matches.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Indian Arm Wrestling Federation conducted 45th Arm Wrestling Championship in Srinagar with the support of Jammu and Kashmir Arm Wrestling Association.", "title": "Tournaments" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Indian Arm Wrestling Federation has also been organising regular league level matches across India every year.", "title": "Tournaments" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Indian Arm Wrestling Federation sent 43 member team to World Armwrestling Championships held at Almaty,Kazaksthan from August 24 to September 3.", "title": "Competitions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "FC Riltsi Dobrich (Bulgarian: ФК Рилци Добрич) is a Bulgarian association football club based in Dobrich, which competes in the Third League, the third division of the Bulgarian football league system. Fratria's home ground is the Druzhba Stadium, which has a capacity of 12,500 spectators.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The club was establimished on 9 September 1961 in Riltsi village.In 1983 the village become a neighborhood if Dobrich. They were named Riltsi as a sign of appreciation for the wars of the 53rd Rila Infantry Regiment, which arrived on the last, decisive day of the Battle of Bazargic as reinforcements and contributed to the victory of the Bulgarian arms. It played its home matches at the stadium in Riltsi district. The team mainly played in Regional leagues, until 2020, when the Dobrich legend Valentin Peychev become a manager of the team and won promote to Third League for first time in their history. The team finished 11th of 14th in their first season.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As of 30 October 2023", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Up to five non-EU nationals can be registered and given a squad number for the first team in the Bulgarian First Professional League however only three can be used in a match day. Those non-EU nationals with European ancestry can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry he can claim Bulgarian citizenship after playing in Bulgaria for 5 years.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "Seasons" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Einstein Probe (EP) is a x-ray space telescope mission by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in partnership with ESA and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) dedicated to time-domain high-energy astrophysics. The primary goals are \"to discover high-energy transients and monitor variable objects\". It will carry two instruments: the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) and the Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "FXT has optics adopted from eROSITA, \"the mirror module consists of 54 nested Wolter mirrors with a focal length of 1600 mm and an effective area of greater than 300 cm2 at 1.5 keV.\" WXT has a new optics design, called \"lobster-eye\", that has wider field of view. \"Lobster-eye\" optics was first tested by by the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) mission, launched in 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The probe weights 1450 kg and is 3-by-3.4 metres.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "EP is planned to be launched in January 2024 by Chang Zheng rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China, and will be placed to low Earth orbit.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Daniel \"Dan\" Akin (pronounced Ah-kin) is a British professional basketball player for SIG Strasbourg of the French LNB Pro A and the international Champions League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Akin had been active in several different sports as he competed internationally in team handball and was ranked third in England in the high jump. His fascination with basketball grew when he watched it at the 2012 London Olympics. He also hit a growth spurt and a physical education teacher made sure he found his way to the basketball court.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Akin played as a student for the Northfleet Basketball Academy under head coach Martin Parry. He left the academy in 2016.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Then he had success, winning the British Division 1 men’s title and Elite Academy Basketball League (EABL) final’s MVP with Barking Abbey.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "From Barking Abbey, alongside RJ Eytle-Rock, Akin was recruited by Ryan Odom, who was then the UMBC Retrievers head coach.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He was part of the team that became the first 16-seed to defeat a 1-seed in the men's tournament by defeating Virginia 74–54. Akin was an integral part of the 2020–21 UMBC Retrievers team as they chased down a 14-6 record, going 10-4 in the America East and earning a share of the regular-season crown.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Yet, as top seed, UMBC fell 79-77 to sixth-seed UMass Lowell March 6 in the tournament semi-finals .", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "As of early March 2021, Akin averaged 7.9 points and 6.4 rebounds and shot 58 percent from the field, playing a key role inside.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Akin later moved on to his postgraduate programme at California Baptist University.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "As of March 2022, he led the California Baptist Lancers in both points and rebounds at 12.9 points and 8.3 rebounds per contest in the Western Athletic Conference. He further led all European players in the NCAA for true shooting percentage.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Akin was able to play an additional NCAA year because of the Covid pandemic.", "title": "High School and college career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "For the 2023-24 season, he signed his first professional contract with SIG Strasbourg.", "title": "Professional career" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "He represented England’s national under-18 team and Great Britain’s national under-18 team.", "title": "National team" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Akin does a lot of the “dirty work” around the basket. His UMBC coach Odom said: “Dan’s the best athlete on the team. He’s a great rebounder, a guy that really gets your attention inside when he catches the ball. If you don’t get bodies around him he has the quickness to get right around you. Defensively, he’s really versatile. He can guard one through five.”", "title": "Playing style" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Boxing Day Test is a cricket Test match held in New Zealand, involving the New Zealand national cricket team against a touring side.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The inaugural Boxing Day Test took place in 1998 at Basin Reserve, featuring a match against India and highlighted by Simon Doull's bowling figures of 7-65.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1999, New Zealand faced the West Indies in a Boxing Day Test, with Matthew Sinclair scoring a double century on his Test debut.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2000, the third Boxing Day Test at Basin Reserve between New Zealand and Zimbabwe concluded in a draw, largely attributed to a lifeless pitch which hindered scoring.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2001, the Boxing Day Test was played between New Zealand and Bangladesh, which New Zealand won by an innings margin.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2002, the Boxing Day Test was cancelled due to preparations for the 2003 Cricket World Cup and was replaced by an ODI cricket match.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2003, after a year's hiatus, the Boxing Day Test featured New Zealand against Pakistan. The match resulted in New Zealand's first loss in a home Boxing Day Test, mainly due to an 11-wicket haul from Shoaib Akhtar.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "From 2004 to 2013, the Boxing Day Test was not held, as New Zealand Cricket prioritized limited-overs fixtures during the holiday period due to scheduling preferences and diminishing Test attendances. During this period, ODIs and T20Is replaced the Boxing Day Test.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2014, the Boxing Day Test returned at Hagley Oval in Christchurch, a shift from its traditional venue, to facilitate an uninterrupted sequence of ODIs before the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The notable event of the 2014 Test was New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum's innings of 195 runs from 134 balls against Sri Lanka, setting a national record for the fastest century at the time.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "From 2015 to 2017, Christchurch's Hagley Oval hosted One Day Internationals for the Boxing Day event. In 2018, New Zealand Cricket reintroduced the Boxing Day Test at the same venue, marking a return to the longer format.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 2020, Boxing Day Test match was hosted by Bay Oval in Mt Maunganui.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "On several occasions, New Zealand has played as the touring side in Australia's or South Africa's annual Boxing Day Test matches, and on such occasions no Test was held in New Zealand. In addition, in December 2022, during New Zealand's tour of Pakistan, the first Test of the series in Karachi began on Boxing Day, and was dubbed a 'Boxing Day Test' by some media in New Zealand.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Paper trail media is an investigative start-up based in Munich. The editorial team, founded in 2022 by two Pulitzer Prize winners, Bastian Obermayer and Frederik Obermaier, works for the news magazine Der Spiegel, ZDF, the Austrian daily newspaper Der Standard and the Swiss Tamedia group. With Obermayer and Obermaier as well as the Austrian Christo Buschek [de], a total of three Pulitzer Prize winners work for paper trail media - more than in any other European media company.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2023, the paper trail media journalists Frederik Obermaier and Bastian Obermayer, together with the Der Spiegel journalist Christoph Giesen, initiated the Xinjiang Police Files research into the mass internment of Uyghurs in Xinjiang. These were taken up by, among others, the UN human rights representative Michelle Bachelet in her criticism of the Chinese government.", "title": "Xinjiang Police Files" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Paper trail media coordinated the Vulkan files leak revelations together with Spiegel in 2023 . More than 50 journalists - including from The Washington Post, The Guardian and Le Monde - analyzed top secret data from the Russian company NTC Vulkan, which produces software for hacking attacks and disinformation campaigns for Russian secret services.", "title": "Vulkan Files" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In collaboration with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Paper trail media examined over 3 million documents from Cyprus as part of the Cyprus Confidential investigation about shell companies through which, among other things, covert payments were made to the journalist Hubert Seipel [de], and the oligarch Alexei Mordashov tried to circumvent sanctions from the European Union Union against Russia.", "title": "Cyprus Confidential" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Confederation Square (Polish: Plac Konfederacji) is an urban square in Warsaw. It is located in the district of Bielany, at the crossing of Płatnicza Street, Lipińska Street, Schroegera Street, and Daniłowskiego Street. The square was build in the late 1920s.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The park was named after confederations, which were special associations formed by nobility in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Most famous of those were thr Bar Confederation formed in 1768, and the Targowica Confederation in 1792.", "title": "Name" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The square was constructed in the late 1920, beginning in 1926. It was build as a part of then developed suburban neighbourhood of Zdobycz Robotnicza in Warsaw, Poland. Around it were build 27 detached houses designed by Janusz Dzierżawski in the manour house style.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Between 1953 and 1954, next to the square were build several terraced houses, designed by Maria Piechotek and Kazimierz Piechotek.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1981 next to the square was build the Church of St. Sigismund, designed by Zbigniew Pawelski.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Confederation Square is a small rectangular ubran square, located at the crossing of Płatnicza Street, Lipińska Street, Schroegera Street, and Daniłowskiego Street. It has the area 0.70 ha.", "title": "Characteristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In its centre is place a monument dedicated to the 77th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Armed Forces, and the 77th Infantry Regiment of the Home Army, both of which served during the Second World War. It has a form of a rock with an institution sculpted on it.", "title": "Characteristics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dennis Parker (5 January 1925 – 15 January 2008) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned five international caps for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Parker, born in Birmingham, rode on grasstrack before undertaking a speedway career. He began his British leagues career riding for Sheffield Tigers during the 1947 Speedway National League Division Two season and helped the team win the division 2 British Speedway Cup. The following season he signed for Edinburgh Monarchs and stayed with the Scottish club for two seasons. While at Edinburgh, he toured Australia during the 1948/49 winter and recorded some significant results, including finishing runner-up to Aub Lawson in the South Australian Individual Speedway Championship.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "His form at Edinburgh earned him a place in the England team against Australia for the 1949/50 winter test series and on his return to England, he signed a deal with the Belle Vue Aces (captained by his uncle Jack Parker) in the top division for the 1950.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After three seasons with Belle Vue, he signed to ride for the Leicester Hunters in March 1953. After one season with the club where he averaged 5.71, he told Leicester that he was retiring to concentrate on his haulage contracting business. However, he did return for a few rides during the 1956 season for Leicester.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "His uncles Norman Parker add Jack Parker were international riders.", "title": "Family" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rosemary Lillu is an Indian film designer who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. She is the first and only female title and poster designer in Malayalam Film Industry. She also works for ShortTube Ads, a digital marketing firm.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Karolína Plíšková is the reigning champion from 2020, when the event was last held.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "All seeds receive a bye into the second round.", "title": "Seeds" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Click on the seed number of a player to go to their draw section.", "title": "Seeds" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ole Aale is a 2024 Indian Marathi-language comedy-drama road film written and directed by Vipul Mehta. Produced by Rashmin Majithia, the film stars Nana Patekar, Siddharth Chandekar, Sayali Sanjeev andMakarand Anaspure. The soundtrack was composed by Sachin–Jigar. The film will be releasing in India on 5th January 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film is shot in Uttarakhand at the locations of Haridwar, Chopta and Kedarnath", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "All lyrics are written by Mandar Cholkar; all music is composed by Sachin–Jigar", "title": "Soundtrack" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The film will be releasing on 5th January 2024", "title": "Release" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vittória Rangel Seixas Gomes, (born 22 December 2008), known as Vittória Seixas, is a Brazilian singer and actress, became known in O Rico e Lázaro and O O Sétimo Guardião, in 2023 and the character Julieta in the soap opera A Infância de Romeu e Julieta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Vittória was born in Rio de Janeiro and currently lives in São Paulo. Her artistic career began in the theater at the age of five. Since then, she has appeared in several plays, soap operas and films.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She is currently starring in the soap opera A Infância de Romeu e Julieta, on SBT and Prime Vídeo, in which she plays the protagonist Julieta. Vittória says she is inspired by actresses Sophia Valverde and Larissa Manoela. \"It's wonderful to see them on stage with so much talent from such a young age, as well as following the development of their careers on TV and in the movies,\" she said. In an interview with Ana Maria magazine, Vittória commented that she had been re-watching the soap operas Carrossel and Chiquititas and Poliana Moça to find inspiration for her character. \"I've been watching Carrossel, Chiquititas and Poliana Moça. It's wonderful to see them on stage with so much talent from such a young age, and the development of their careers in the movies. In fact, being at SBT, this dream factory, where they all started is my biggest and best gift,\" she revealed.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Polar wolf may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Eshwar\" is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language duet song sung by Akib Zaman Riyad and composed by Prince Mahmud from the 2023 soundtrack album Priyotoma of the film of the same name, starring Shakib Khan and Idhika Paul. The song is written by Shomeshwar Oli, which released on 29 June 2023, the film's release date. The music video for the song was released on the same day under the music label Tiger Media.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The song was released on 29 June 2023 as a third single of the soundtrack and crossed over 50 million views on YouTube. Prince Mahmud made his comeback as composer in films after almost eight years with the song, who previously worked in Zero Degree in 2015. It is won thrice awards including Best Music Director, Best Lyricist and Best Male Playback Singer in the Special Honors category at the 22nd Babisas Awards.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Prince Mahmud started preparing for the song \"Eshwar\" after hearing the story of the film Priyotoma from director Himel Ashraf. Prince Mahmud found the resonance of different tones in different atmospheres by listening to the story of the film. Himel Ashraf did not give Prince Mahmud any specific time to compose the song, he gave him complete freedom for the song. It takes him 30-35 days to make the entire song.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "\"Eshwar\" features as third single from the 2023 soundtrack album Priyotoma of the film of the same name, starring Shakib Khan and Idhika Paul, which composed by Prince Mahmud, who had previously composed music for Mostofa Sarwar Farooki's Third Person Singular Number (2009) and Animesh Aich's Zero Degree (2015). However, he did not work regularly in film songs, this time he composed a song for the first time in a mainstream commercial film. After the release of the first song of the film, on 25 June, Prince Mahmud told Prothom Alo about the song, \"The song is very good. Those who listened to our songs in the 90's will like it, and the audience of present generation will also like it.\" Lyrics written by Someshwar Oli, who collaborate with Mahmud for the first time, the song is sung by Akib Zaman Riyad, which is his debut film. It was revealed on June 29, the day Eid.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Credits adapted from Tiger Media.", "title": "Music credits" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The song has received a huge response from the audience upon the release of the song and has received overwhelmingly positive response. Shakib Khan and Idhika Pal's chemistry in the song created a craze among the audience and started trending on social media including Facebook, YouTube and TikTok. Not only in Bangladesh, along with the Bengali speakers of India, the Hindi speakers are also in the \"Eshwar\" craze. Not only in Bangladesh, along with the Bengali speakers of India, the Hindi speakers of the country are also in the 'Ishwar' song craze. Indian Bengali as well as Hindi speakers are also showed massive response.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Tirthok Ahsan Rasel described the film's song as \"superhit\". No one should be forced to listen. Some songs have the potential to survive as songs for many, many years. The songs are also very comfortable to listen to. However, he criticized the song's video as a \"music video\". Fahim Muntasi at Bangla Movie Database mentioned \"Eshwar\" only song as good from the film. He noted, \"One of the expected places in the film Priyotoma was a music. A film with established figures like Balam and Prince Mahmud is bound to have expectations. But to be honest I only liked one song from the film. Riyad's song \"Eshwar\" written by Shomeshwar Oli and composed by Prince Mahmud went with the mood of the story and was good to listen too.\" Rahman Moti praised the film's soundtrack. He wrote, the title track has done in Simple Way was a good song. Sea location added extra dimension to the film. Rupam Acharya described all the songs in the film as \"simply amazing\". Ahsan Rasel in Bangla Tribune wrote that as good as Prince Mahmud's song is, the depiction of the song in the film was not as good. Filmmaker and author Sadat Hossain mentioned this song as the best Eid's song.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The song crossed 8 million views on Tiger Media's YouTube in just seven days after its release. The song has crossed 50 million views so far. Also was trending on Facebook, YouTube and TikTok. The song was selected as one of the best song of 2023 by many of Bangladeshi media. Also its Singers, Lyricist and Composer was also selected as one of Best of the Year.", "title": "Records" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eduard Scharf (23 March 1857 – 23 January 1927) was a German pianist and teacher who had a long career in Australia, for many years with the Melbourne Conservatorium. He was incarcerated as an enemy alien during the latter years of World War One.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Scharf was born in Ettlingen, Grand Duchy of Baden and had his first piano lessons from his father, but before embarking on further training received a thorough education at the University of Metz. He then trained as a pianist at the Leipzig Conservatorium, where his tutors included one Wenzel, Dr Carl Reinecke, and Dr Oscar Paul, and was a winner of the Moscheles prize.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Scharf arrived in Australia in 1892 as accompanist for violinist Ovide Musin, whose tour ended in July 1897.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Scharf decided to remain in the country, and found employment with the teaching staff of the Melbourne Conservatorium of Music, founded and headed by the brilliant but irascible George Marshall-Hall.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1897, during Marshall-Hall's long illness,Scharf was deputed by the University Council to take on certain of his duties, including conducting the Conservatorium Orchestra, while W. A. Laver acted as director. Marshall-Hall attempted to have Scharf and August Siede appointed to staff but was rebuffed — it was university policy that their employment should be conditional on student fees. A few months later Marshall-Hall prevailed, and Scharf was appointed teacher of pianoforte. This promotion, instituted by Hall over a native-born candidate with more seniority, stoked the fires of hostility. When Marshall Hall founded his own Conservatorium, Scharf was one of those who followed him. Marshall-Hall departed for England in early 1913, leaving Scharf as acting director, but by year's end he had accepted a position with the University Conservatorium.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In December 1915 the University Council voted (by 8 to 3) not to reappoint Scharf on account of his German origin. Arguments that he had an Australian wife and son, that by German law he had lost his citizenship, were lost to Dr Leeper's contention that the University should not be seen as soft on Germans, even one so hard to replace. Professor Masson was a notable dissident.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Sometime after July 1917 Scharf was consigned to the Alien Internment Camp outside Sydney. His return to Germany was not mentioned in the Australian press. He died in Munich shortly before his 70th birthday.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Among Scharf's students who went on to careers in music were:", "title": "Students" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Scharf was engaged to a Clara Llewellyn, a piano student in 1897, but married the pianist Olive de Hugard shortly after August 1898 . They lived in Jolimont and had a son Theodore on 15 June 1899. His wife and son left for Munich in 1914 to further his education in art, and she became a journalist.", "title": "Personal" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "He died in Munich on 23 January 1928.", "title": "Personal" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Category:1857 births Category:1927 deaths Category:German emigrants to Australia Category:Australian music educators Category:Australian classical pianists Category:German male pianists Category:German male musicians Category:German music educators Category:German classical pianists Category:Male classical pianists Category:Musicians from Melbourne Category:Australian conductors (music) Category:Musicians from Leipzig", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Felix Elmeri Zenger (born 23 December 1986 in Turku, Finland) is a Finland-Swedish beatboxer and multiple freestyle footbag Finnish champion. Zenger formed the Iiro Rantala New Trio together with Iiro Rantala and Marzi Nyman. Zenger joined the Don Johnson Big Band in 2018.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Zenger was born in Turku on 23 December 1986, but spent his childhood in Kilo, Espoo. Zenger's father is the rector of a musical school and his mother is a teacher of the English and French languages. Felix Zenger is one of the three children in the family. In Espoo Zenger started at the language immersion class at the Revontuli school lower primary school, as his parents wanted their children to learn Swedish. When Zenger was ten years old the family moved to the Vasaramäki district in Turku. Zenger has been practising music and sports since his childhood.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Felix Zenger became familiar with footbag in Turku when the sport was making its way to Finland. According to his own words he became more interested in the sport than his friends did and started practising alone.", "title": "Footbag freestyle" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Zenger has been competing in the Finnish championships in footbag since 2002 and won a gold medal from 2003 to 2006. He has also participated three times in the world championships from 2003 to 2006. He won a bronze medal in the world championships in 2005, which was also the first medal for Finland in the world championships in freestyle footbag. He also won a bronze medal in the European championships in 2005. He also participated in the European championships in 2003.", "title": "Footbag freestyle" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Zenger has also participated in other competitions in the sports, such as the circle, 3 trick combo and shred competitions. Of these, he has won four gold medals in the Finnish championships and two in the world championships, two silver medals in the world championships and one bronze medal each in the Finnish, European and world championships.", "title": "Footbag freestyle" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2003 Zenger participated in the Finnish championships in footbag net in the four-player series and won a bronze medal together with his pair Joona Koistinen.", "title": "Footbag freestyle" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Zenger has played the piano after his parents' recommendation since his childhood. At first he played classical piano music, but after he went to the Turku Academy of Music he switched to jazz and rhythmic music. In 2006 Zenger started studying piano playing in the Pop & Jazz Conservatory in Helsinki.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Zenger started practising beatboxing at the age of 16. According to his own words, he had never heard the North American pioneers of the genre, but instead started mimicking the sounds of different instruments on his own and later also mixed them. Zenger only became familiar with the hip hop music culture through beatboxing.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Zenger has said that one of the reasons he became interested in beatboxing was that he was interested in playing the drums in his childhood, but did not want to start practising another instrument along with the piano. Playing the sounds of the drums with his own mouth did not require buying expensive instruments. According to his own words, Zenger can mimic about one thousand different sounds or their combinations.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Zenger has appeared and recorded with many different artists. Among them are hip hop artists such as DJ QBert, Paleface, Giant Robot and Asa, and also other artists such as Pekka Kuusisto, Severi Pyysalo, Rajaton and Kari Tapio. Zenger has also been a regularly featured artist at performances by the Don Johnson Big Band and has appeared on the band's third album. In 2007 Zenger was awarded best artist of the year 2006 at the Funk Awards. In the same year his skills became internationally known when he appeared as part of the introductory performance of the Eurovision Song Contest.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Zenger was a regular member in the Iiro Rantala New Trio which published its first album in 2008, together with Iiro Rantala and Marzi Nyman. The cooperation between Zenger and Rantala started when the rap artist Paleface recommended Zenger to Rantala.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In 2010 Zenger appeared at the Pori Jazz festival when Pharrell Williams of N.E.R.D. suddenly invited him on stage in the middle of their performance. Williams told the audience he had seen Zenger's YouTube videos and become impressed by his skills.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Zenger's first solo album Won't Say a Thing was self-published on 20 April 2011 and was produced by Kari Saarilahti from the Don Johnson Big Band. The album reached place #21 at The Official Finnish Charts. Zenger has been making his own songs since 2007. He also appeared in the Summeri TV show in spring 2011 beatboxing at the Bysis youth café in Oulu.", "title": "Music" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Giorgio Armani has also requested Zenger's beatboxing in a lipstick commercial. In 2015 Zenger appeared in Indonesia at several clubs and taught at a beatboxing workshop. At the time he appeared at the morning show of the Indonesian TV channel NET together with the band Art of Tree.", "title": "Music" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Latvian Black-headed Sheep or dark-headed sheep is a breed of domestic sheep found throughout Latvia. The breed originated between 1927 and 1937 by importing Oxford Down and Shropshires sheep from England and crossing them with indigenous coarse-wooled sheep.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robert Paulson (27 March 1942 – 3 November 1982) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned three international caps for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Paulson, born in Basford, Nottingham, began his British leagues career riding for Sheffield Tigers during the 1965 British League season, which was the inaugural season of the new British league. He made a significant impact, averaging 4.54 and becoming a Sheffield regular in his first season.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In just his second season he was called up by the England team to represent them against Scotland in an international fixture and finished the season second in the Sheffield team averages.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He remained a Sheffield rider for his entire career from 1965 to 1974, spending ten seasons with them and becoming the club captain. During his last season with Sheffield he finally won a trophy, helping his team to the 1974 Knockout Cup win.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 3 November 1982, Paulson died by suicide (carbon monoxide poisoning). This followed depression caused by the bankruptcy of a company that owed him money for a contract.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Linlang is a Philippine thriller drama television series directed by FM Reyes and Jojo Saguin. It stars Kim Chiu, Paulo Avelino and JM de Guzman, with Maricel Soriano, Kaila Estrada and Ruby Ruiz also starring. The series was produced by Dreamscape Entertainment and premiered on Amazon Prime Video on October 5, 2023 consisting of 14 episodes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The story centers around boxer-turned-seaman Victor Lualhati and his investigation into his wife Juliana's affair. Victor learns more about the situation as he looks into it and comes to the conclusion that his wife's infidelity is not the only factor at play.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Linlang was first announced in October 2022 by Dreamscape Entertainment. Principal photography for the series lasted for six months. Paulo Avelino, one of the lead stars, prepared for his role by pushing \"himself through a body transformation to embody his character’s journey\", stating that he \"had to gain around 20 lb (9.1 kg) to 35 lb (16 kg) at the start of the filming and lose around 20 pounds (9.1 kilograms) midway into the shoot.\"", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The series premiered on the streaming service Amazon Prime Video on October 5, 2023, with the first two episodes available immediately and the rest debuting on a weekly basis.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Linlang is set to have its television debut in January 2024 which is the teleserye uncut version of the series.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The official trailer for Linlang was released on September 24, 2023. The following month, advance screening for the series was held at Cinema76 in Quezon City. To promote the series, the ensemble cast made special appearances in noontime musical-variety show ASAP while Chiu and de Guzman served as guest stars in the lifestyle morning talk show Magandang Buhay.", "title": "Marketing" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Upon release, Linlang debuted at No. 1 on Amazon Prime Video Philippines.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Writing for Daily Tribune, Alwin Ignacio described Linlang as \"a cautionary tale and modern-day morality check.\" He praised the acting performances of the lead stars Kim Chiu, Paulo Avelino and JM de Guzman, including the notable portrayals of Maricel Soriano and Kaila Estrada.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Valery Panteleyevich Bakalov (Russian: Валерий Пантелеевич Бакалов; 1940—2021) was a Soviet and Russian scientist, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, professor, specialist in communications, information and measuring technology, theory of electrical circuits, the rector of Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (1987–2005).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born on September 19, 1940, in Novosibirsk. In 1963 Bakalov graduated from the Radio Engineering Faculty at Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute named after V. I. Ulyanov.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "For seven years the scientist worked in one of the special designing and technological bureau (Leningrad), as well as at SB AS USSR (Novosibirsk), where he worked on problems related to radio telemetry.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1971, he began worked at the Novosibirsk Electrotechnical Institute of Communication (future Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics). From 1987 to 2005, Bakalov was the rector of this educational institution.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He died on June 21, 2021, and was buried at the Zayeltsovskoye Cemetery in Novosibirsk.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The researcher contributed to the development of the general theory and methods for optimizing information and measurement systems with a spatially distributed structure. He oversaw programs for the creation of radio telemtric complexes, which were subsequently introduced into various sectors of national economy, and he was also involved in the informatization of Siberia and Far East.", "title": "Activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Bakalov was one of the founders of such a scientific direction as biotelemetry.", "title": "Activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "He authored more than 200 scientific works and inventions, including 6 monographs and 10 textbooks for higher education institutions, as well as more than a dozen textbooks on the theory of electrical circuits and radiotelemetry.", "title": "Activities" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Berlin (also known as Money Heist: Berlin, in Spanish La casa de papel: Berlín) is a Spanish TV series created by Álex Pina and Esther Martínez Lobato for Netflix. The series serves as a prequel to Money Heist, focusing on the life of Andrés de Fonollosa, aka \"Berlin\", before the events of seasons 1 and 2 of the original series. It stars Pedro Alonso, Michelle Jenner, Tristán Ulloa, Begoña Vargas, and Julio Peña Fernández. The series premiered on Netflix on 29 December 2023 and consisted of eight episodes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Set in an \"undefined past\" before the events of Money Heist, Berlin focuses on Berlin while at his prime, as he prepares one of his most extraordinary heists in his career as a robber: stealing €44 million in jewels as if it was an illusionism act. To do this, he has the help of one of the three gangs he has robbed with in his life, formed by Keila (Michelle Jenner), Damián (Tristán Ulloa), Cameron (Begoña Vargas), Bruce (Joel Sánchez) and Roi (Julio Peña Fernández). The series is primarily set in Paris.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In late November 2021, just days before the release of the second volume of the fifth part of Money Heist, Netflix announced that it was developing a spin-off series, Berlin, for a tentative 2023 release, with Pedro Alonso expected to reprise his eponymous role from the original series. On September 28, 2022, Michelle Jenner, Begoña Vargas, Tristán Ulloa, Julio Peña Fernández and Joel Sánchez were cast to co-star alongside Alonso. In March 2023, it was announced that Itziar Ituño and Najwa Nimri would also be reprising their roles as Raquel Murillo and Alicia Sierra from Money Heist. Filming began in October 2022 in Paris, France, and continued in Madrid, Spain.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Creators Alex Pina and Esther Martínez Lobato wanted to do something \"lighter\" after their previous recent projects. In comparison to its parent show Money Heist, Berlin has more comedic tones and employed more actors and locations. The series was shot in a wider screen 2:1 ratio to give the characters \"more of a scenic experience of their surroundings\".", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Daily Beast's Noel Murray felt the plot and new characters did not hold up to the original Money Heist.", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Margaret Evelyn Goschen, Viscountess Goschen, CI, DStJ (née Gathorne-Hardy; 4 July 1858 – 11 July 1943) was a British aristocrat who was the wife of George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen, Governor of Madras, appointed acting Viceroy of India in 1929, and thus styled Vicereine of India between 1929 and 1931.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born Lady Margaret Evelyn Gathorne-Hardy, she was the daughter of prominent Conservative statesman Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook and his wife Jane Stewart Orr. She was baptised at Benenden, Kent on 4 July 1858. Her elder brother John Stewart Gathorne-Hardy succeeded to the Earldom of Cranbrook upon the death of their father in 1906. Her niece was Dorothy D'Oyly Carte, wife of Rupert D'Oyly Carte.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 26 January 1893, she married the Hon. George Joachim Goschen, son of prominent Liberal statesman George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen and heir to the Viscountcy. Lady Margaret was eight-years his senior; Lord Goschen disapproved of the marriage and in an attempt to prevent it, sent his son to Australia to act as Secretary to Lord Jersey. The marriage took place nonetheless. They had three children during the course of their marriage:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Lady Goschen gave her name to the Viscountess Goschen Government Girls High School in Tharanallur, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, and also to the Lady Goschen Hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka. She was appointed Lady of Grace, Most Venerable Order of Saint John (LGStJ). She was later appointed Dame of Grace, Most Venerable Order of Saint (DStJ). She was awarded the Imperial Order of the Crown of India, as Commander (CI). She was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal for her charitable works and services to Raj.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Within is a 2016 American horror thriller film directed by Philip Claydon, starring Michael Vartan, Erin Moriarty, Nadine Velazquez and JoBeth Williams.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Reagan Gavin Rasquinha of The Times of India rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and praised the \"tight\" cinematography, the \"subtle\" special effects, the \"tense\" atmosphere and the \"effective\" sound effects.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Kevan Farrow of Scream wrote that the film \"manages to make something just about worthwhile out of a lazy, generic script and underwritten characters.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Damon Smith of The Irish News gave the film a score of 4/10 and wrote that it \"lacks scares, suspense or ingenuity.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "<Sandbox6—sandbox>", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The 2023–24 season is Bengaluru FC B's seventh season as a reserve side of Bengaluru FC since its establishment in 2017. The club began its season with defeat at the Puttaiah Memorial Cup's round of 16 in August, before going on to win the Bangalore Super Division title for the third time in history.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Later in the season, Bengaluru B will participate in the Developmental League as defending champions for the second consecutive time, for a place in the Premier League's Next Gen Cup.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After finishing fifth in the Bangalore Super Division, Bengaluru B then participated in the 2023 Reliance Foundation Development League as defending champions and with only single defeat to their record, they were successful in defending the title after beating Sudeva Delhi in the final on penalties.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In this season, Bengaluru B underwent through changes with the likes of head coach Jan Van Loon departing for the Director of Bengaluru FC Academy role. Replacing him was Bibiano Fernandes who led India national under-17 teams in the two AFC U-17 Asian Cups.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After the departure of Mandar Tamhane, the former CEO of Bengaluru FC to NorthEast United, the team saw a number of players signing for NorthEast United. Some of the players signed for I-League clubs in search for more game time, while five players were promoted to the senior side.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Bengaluru B has 28 players under contract; the following list of players is subject to change during the transfer season. The final squad for the RFDL will be officially announced by the club later.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Last updated: 27 December 2023 Source: Competitions", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "TBD, March 2024", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Updated: 28 December 2023", "title": "Statistics" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Updated: 28 December 2023", "title": "Statistics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ahmed Osman (Bulgarian: Ахмед Осман; born 23 April 1985) is a Bulgarian footballer who plays for Sayana Haskovo as a forward.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Osman mainly played amateur football until he joined Arda Kardzhali in 2015, at age of 30. The team was part of 4th league back then, but managed to promote to Second League in 2018. In 2019 he scored the winning goal of the play-off and Arda eventually managed to win 0–1 over PFC Septemvri Sofia at the Lokomotiv Stadium in Plovdiv, thus resulting in the club's first-time ever participation in the Bulgarian First League. Because of this, he was honored as Honorary citizenship of Kardzhali. He played 9 matches in First League next season, before beeing released from the team in 2020.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In June 2021, he joined Krumovgrad in Third League. He ended the season with 24 goals, becoming the top goalscorer of the team and the team won promotion. Together with Martin Sorakov, he become a top goalscorer of the team in Bulgarian Second League. He was released from Krumovgrad in June 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In August 2023 he moved to Sayana Haskovo. In the mid season, he was a leading goalscorer of the team with 14 goals.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Donny Björn Stefan Ellerström (alias Donald Scloszkie; born 5 August 1994), known professionally as Donnie, is a Dutch rapper and songwriter. He is best known for his songs \"Snelle planga\", \"Frans Duits\", \"Bon gepakt\", \"Bieber van de kroeg\" and \"Schultenbräu\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Donny Ellerström was born on 5 August 1994 in Amsterdam to a Dutch mother and a Swedish father. He was raised by his mother and grandmother, and grew up with two elder brothers and a younger sister. He has had little contact with his father, who served a prison sentence for most of Ellerström's childhood and currently lives in Sweden. After completing his pre-vocational secondary education, Ellerström attended a culinary college in Amsterdam and worked as a cook at a local restaurant for some time.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "While in culinary college, Ellerström became acquainted with Dutch rapper Frans Frederiks (Lange Frans) when he won a risotto cooking competition Frederiks had organised. He subsequently featured on Frederiks's 2011 track \"Brawler\", alongside Faberyayo, and joined him on his concert tour in 2012, using the stage name \"Young Kermit\". In 2014, he was signed to the record label Magnetron Music [nl] owned by De Jeugd van Tegenwoordig producer Bas Bron.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Soon after, Ellerström released the mixtape Leipie van het plein, followed by his debut studio album Mannelogie in 2015. He gained prominence in 2018 when he popularised the usage of the slang phrase snelle planga ('flashy sunglasses') through videos on social media and the release of his single \"Snelle planga\". In 2019, he released the single \"Barry Hayze\" – a play on the name of singer Barry Hay and the cannabis strain Haze Berry – which certified gold in the Netherlands.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Since 2020, Ellerström has been releasing songs in which he combines hip hop with levenslied – a fusion genre he dubbed kibbelingsound (after palingsound and kibbeling). Examples include \"Frans Duits\" (with Frans Duijts), \"Bon gepakt\" (with René Froger), \"Bieber van de kroeg\" (with Mart Hoogkamer), and \"Vanavond (Uit m'n bol)\" (with Kris Kross Amsterdam and Tino Martin [nl]).", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His 2023 album De kibbelingsound certified platinum and reached number 38 in the Dutch Album Top 100. In December 2023, it was revealed that he had co-written the entry selected by AVROTROS to represent the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, to be performed by Joost Klein. The entry is scheduled to be released in March 2024.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Ellerström has used the pseudonym \"Donald Scloszkie\" in songwriting since 2018. He has two sons, born in 2020 and 2022.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Water Street is a road in Liverpool, England. Situated in the city centre, it runs from Dale Street to the Pier Head at the River Mersey.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The street was one of the original seven streets that made up the medieval borough founded by King John in 1207, together with Castle Street, Old Hall Street, Chapel Street, High Street, Tithebarn Street and Dale Street. It was originally known as Bonk Street ('Bonk' being Lancastrian dilect for 'bank'), Bank Street and in the 1520s it was named Water Street.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Water Street contains some of Liverpool's most renowned buildings, including:", "title": "Grade II Listed buildings" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Water Street is mentioned in chapter 6 of Herman Melville's 1851 novel, Moby Dick. Melville had used William Scoresby Jr 1820s book An Account of the Arctic Regions as a factual source for Moby Dick. Scoresby Jr's book details how the city of Liverpool was involved in whaling.", "title": "In popular culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Liverpool's place as the second most filmed city in the UK has lead to Water Street being used in many film and TV productions. Water Street has featured in such films as Florence Foster Jenkins, Fast and Furious 6, The 51st State and Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit.", "title": "In popular culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "In popular culture" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania herosae is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species occurs off the Austral Islands, French Polynesia.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Never Say Never (Chinese: 八角笼中; pinyin: Bā Jiǎo Lóng Zhōng) is a 2023 Chinese mixed martial arts sports drama film starring and directed by Wang Baoqiang. The film was a box office success where it grossed $304.28 million, making it the 32nd highest-grossing film in China of all time.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film opens with a video of two young boys fighting in a mixed martial arts bout. The next scene shows that in 2011, Xiang Tenghui, a former MMA fighter has been arrested for being responsible for this fight and is held for interrogation for questioning.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film then goes back to 2001 in Longshan, Sichuan province. Xiang Tenghui runs a Sand mining business with his friend Wang Feng. One day when driving along a remote road at night, Xiang's lorry is attacked by bandits who were revealed to be a gang of boys. Wang recommends that Xiang sells the business to rival Li Sancai as it is not making any money. Instead Xiang visits local entrepreneur Wang Jingfu and obtains financial backing to build a children's fight club that will produce champions and advertise Wang's new product. Xiang and Wang then round up the gang of kids who previously attacked them and made them an offer to accept joining the club in exchange for food and lodging. They all accept and the two oldest members of the group were noted to be named Ma Hu and Su Mu.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "A few weeks later, Wang Jingfu is arrested for peddling fake goods leading to funding for the club being halted. Xiang is reluctant to continue but the club members still want to train under him. It is revealed Su ad Ma have a sister who is unable to walk due to paralysis which was one of the reasons, Xiang decided. As they were from impoverished background with no where to return, Xiang agrees to continue but streeses he will only teach them how to fight for stage combat. Xiang makes a deal with local bar-owner Li to have his club performed using a steel cage as an attraction. Ma and Su perform in its first event but the customers immediately notice the fighters are faking it. After Xiang yells at the two to put more effort into it, the staged performance ends up becoming a real brawl which attracted all the customers attentions. Afterwards, the club continued to have more successful performances and eventually got an offer to perform at the provincial capital. However some thugs disrupt a fight between Ma and Su claiming its fake and eventually a real brawl breaks out where Ma almost stabs one of the thugs. Wang helps Xiang and the two boys escape but is injured and gets arrested. Later Xiang bails out Wang but is told that he should train the boys for real so they can become real champions.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Xiang later visits his family home where his mother has his awards. It is then revealed that Xiang was previously an MMA provincial champion but was stripped of his gold medal after his urine sample tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). His coach had tricked him into taking pills and had set him up. As a result, Xiang attacked his coach and was sentence to jail for assault. After coming to terms with his past, Xiang decides to change his fighting club to train its members to fight for real.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "10 years later in 2011, the club has grown in size to become very successful and even could employ teachers to provide its members with education. Due to the club's fame rising, an old video was posted on the internet of Ma and Su fighting as children. Ma and Su were successful fighters and were going to participate in a national tournament but due to the video going viral, they were suspended from participating in the tournament. Xiang received an offer from an established MMA club, CJ to sign contracts for Ma and Su so they could participate in the tournament. When Xiang revealed to Ma and Su that they were going to move to CJ, they were furious but Xiang said had the right to do it. Later on as the video went viral, people throughout China were outraged and the authorities steps in to shut down the club.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "A year later, Xiang who is now running a Silk business was told that he had received an invitation from a talk show wanting to hear his side of the story regarding his fight club but he stated he was not interested. He then visited the sister of Ma and Su who now was living in better conditions thanks to money from him. She had received postcards from Ma and Su where they stated they were on tour in China as they were fighting in different venues. However Xiang noticed all the postcards thad the same stamp and went to the address based on them. He then goes an isolated road at night and is involved in a car crash where he finds out that Ma tried to rob another car. Xiang then goes to an apartment to find Su alone, unable to walk. It was revealed after Ma and Su were transferred to CJ, Su was required to take PEDs as part of its but refused and was beaten to a point that his legs were crippled. Ma then resorted to banditry in an attempt to get money to pay for Su's surgery. Xiang went to CJ asking for Ma and Su to be released from their contract but was beaten up and stated he needed to pay the breach fee for their release.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Xiang then went on the talk show where two clips were played. The first was of Ma who was now in jail for robbery stated that Xiang had tricked them and made them sign slavery contracts and were tossed aside. The second was from the previous year of children crying while leaving the club and had spoke out in defense of Xiang. Xiang stated to an angry audience that he admitted that he tricked children into fighting so they could have a future and stated since no one else was there for them, they had no right to interfere with what he did. Later on Su visits Ma in jail where he tells Ma that due to the talk show going viral, CJ was investigated and its owner was arrested for use of PEDs as well as assault. Due to pressure from outside, CJ was forced to release Ma and Su from their contracts. In addition Su had now recovered after a successful leg surgery and could fight again.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Two year later, Su is fighting for FGP world Lightweight championship in a 5-round bout against its reigning champion, Connor who is from Brazil. For the first and most of the second round, Su is outclassed by the champion mainly due to his superior grappling. However, in the final seconds of the second round, Su escapes from a rear naked choke and uses the opportunity to knock out Connor to become champion. The final scene shows Xiang who was watching the fight from behind the stands, smoke a cigar while walking away. In the film's epilogue, it is revealed that the government has allowed the club to run again and Ma who was now released from prison went back to his profession as an MMA fighter.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "After his directorial debut with Buddies in India, Wang Baoqiang wanted to make another film with a more personal undertaking and spent six years working on Never Say Never. Wang has stated the content of Never Say Never has been at the back of his mind for years before making the film. Wang who came from a peasant background, started learning martial arts when he was six years old, had endured a long series of challenges before obtaining his current success. Buddies in India had won a Golden Broom Award which was the Chinese equivalent of the Golden Raspberry Awards. As a result, Wang found it difficult in getting investors to fund Never Say Never and had to take out personal loans to fund the film.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The film is based on the MMA gym, Enbo Fight Club which was forced into the spotlight in 2017 after a video of two underage children from the club fighting an MMA bout went viral. The founder, En Bo was a retired paramilitary officer skilled in Sanda who grew up in poverty. In 2001, he established Enbo Fight Club in Chengdu which served as a martial arts school for children from poor rural areas. The film character Su Mu's name comes from UFC fighter Su Mudaerji. In March 2023, En Bo suffered a heart attack and was hospitalized. He was in a coma for many days and had lost 57 pounds. Wang not only helped contact experts to help but also paid for the medical expenses. Wang stated he and En Bo had many similarities such as coming from poor backgrounds and refusing to give up despite difficult circumstances. Although the medical expenses were high and Wang was already in debt, he still chose to save En Bo as he saw a kind of energy in him and hoped Never Say Never could tell the viewers that everyone had this energy within them.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The film is shot mainly in Daliang Mountains (which represents the fictional Longshan) and Chengdu which are both in Sichuan province. The actors spoke mainly in Sichuan dialect.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Never Say Never was released in China on 6 July 2023. Aamir Khan shared a video online to support Never Say Never. He called the film \"encouraging\"", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Never Say Never on its first weekend took top spot with regards to box office in China. It earned 384 million yuan ($55.3 million) between Friday and Sunday. Within the first six days of its release, Never Say Never grossed over 1 billion yuan ($139 million). It has grossed a total of around 2.2 billion yuan ($304 million) making it one of the highest-grossing films of all time in China.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "On Douban, the film received a user rating of 7.3/10.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "At the 18th Changchun Film Festival in 2023, Never Say Never won two awards, best screenplay and the Jury Prize.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Oleksandr Mykolayovych Tsynkalovsky (Ukrainian: Цинкаловський Олександр Миколайович, Polish: Aleksander Cynkałowski, Russian: Александр Цинкаловский, 9 January 1898 – 19 April 1983) was a Ukrainian historian, museologist, archaeologist, ethnographer and researcher of Volhynia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Pseudonyms: O. Volynets, Antin Buzhansky; Cryptonyms: O. V., A. B.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was born on 9 January 1898 in Volodymyr-Volynskyi in the Volyn Governorate, Russian Empire. He came from a noble family. His great-grandmother on his father's side was the children's writer Baroness von Wulf, and his grandmother was a sister of mercy and a participant in the Russo-Turkish War, who perished in the Balkans. His maternal grandfather, Pavlo Nitetskyi, a participant in the Polish January Uprising (1863), was deprived of his estate and noble title by the Russian authorities but enjoyed the respect of the residents of Volodymyr-Volynskyi. He collected antiquities, sparking the future scientist's interest in local history.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He received his primary education at the Gymnasium in Kovel, and later the family moved to Zvyahel. During World War I, he was evacuated to Tambov and continued his education at the gymnasium in Kazan.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After the February Revolution in 1917, he returned to Ukraine. The family settled in Zvyahel, from where Alexander was soon called for military service in Zhytomyr. In 1917–1920, he served in the UNR Active Army. He organized Ukrainian schools in Kremenets region. After the defeat of the Liberation Struggle, he returned to Volodymyr-Volynskyi. He worked as a teacher in the village of Osmilovychi. An active member of the Volodymyr section of the All-Ukrainian Society \"Prosvita\" named after Taras Shevchenko. Engaged in ethnographic and folklore studies.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1925–1929, he was a student at the Orthodox Theological Faculty of Warsaw University. He specialized in church history and Christian archaeology. Additionally, he attended lectures at the humanities faculty, familiarizing himself with Warsaw's museums and archives", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "He maintained connections with local historians such as Anton and Oleksandr Konovaliuk from the village of Bilostok, Anatoliy Krevs'kyi from Torchin, and Fedir Leno from the village of Vesele in Luchchyna.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "With the support of the renowned Polish archaeologist Włodzimierz Antoniewicz, he secured a position at the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw. Delegated by the museum to Volyn, Polissia, and Podlachia for the study of historical monuments and archaeological finds, he conducted small archaeological excavations. He collaborated with the Museum of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the National Museum, and the Metropolitan Archives in Lviv. He handed over to them rare Ukrainian artifacts, documents, and old prints that he had found. He had multiple meetings with Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. He led the archaeological expedition during the excavations of Zymnenske Hillfort.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Upon obtaining a master's degree, he became a member of scientific organizations, including:", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "He authored scientific and popular science publications in \"Ukrayinske Yunatstvo,\" \"Nash Svit,\" \"Zhyttya i Znannia,\" \"Zapysky NTSh,\" and the Polish-language journal \"Wiadomości Archeologiczne.\"", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In the years 1936–1939, he headed the Volyn Museum at the Kremenets Lyceum.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "During the Second World War, he returned to Warsaw and became the head of the Volyn Department of the State Archaeological Museum.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Fleeing from burning Warsaw, he sought refuge in the West. Since 1952, he settled in Kraków, working at the House of Books. Engaging in archaeology and journalism, he became a collaborator of the Archaeological Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. . Unable to visit Volyn, he intensified his research in Podlachia. He identified the historical city of Cherven. He collaborated with the Ukrainian Socio-Cultural Society, publishing in Ukrainian diaspora periodicals such as \"Nashe Slovo,\" \"Nasha Kultura,\" Ukrainian Calendar, Orthodox Calendar, \"Litopys Volyni,\" and more. After Alexander Cynkałowski's death, the Institute of Volyn Studies, over 30 years, published a fundamental two-volume local history dictionary, \"Old Volyn and Volyn Polissia,\" which included entries for 1442 settlements in Volyn and Polissia.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In his final years, he suffered from a severe illness and passed away in Kraków on 19 April 1983. He is buried at the Orthodox Cemetery \"Volya\" in Warsaw.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Throughout his life, Alexander Cynkałowski was characterized by exceptional honesty. In his professional activities, he never appropriated any valuables during excavations, and in his relationship with himself and those around him, he maintained a high moral standard. Painfully observing the decline of his native culture and the destruction of historical monuments, he tried to address these issues through his work. In a letter to his sister Olena Grabarchuk, he wrote, \"No one cares, no one's heart aches for the fate of everything that will remain, and what will be lost forever. Just like one of our monuments perished, and our people will eat, sleep, and remain silent.\".", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In addition to archaeological research, Oleksander Tsynkalovsky wrote about the earliest events in the history of Ukraine, focusing on the Cherven cities – Chełm, princely cities Drohiczyn, Przemyśl. He did not overlook scholarly themes related to art—he was one of the first to connect the life and work of the prominent Ukrainian icon painter of the early 18th century, Yov Kondzelevych, with Volyn. Before the war, he discovered Kondzelevych's works in Zahoriv, Voschatyn and other villages. In the field of art and architecture, he published works such as \"Architecture of Lemkivshchyna and Hrubeshivshchyna\" and articles such as \"Churches of the pre-Mongol and Mongol period in Volyn and Galicia\" (1969), \"Enkolpion Crosses\" (1972), \"Churches of the XV–XVIII centuries in Western Ukraine,\" and more. He devoted significant attention to hydrology and cartography. Due to his interests in these sciences, he created 12 maps of Polissia and Volyn. Tsynkalovsky also participated in creating a bibliography with an analysis of samples of European literature.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "On a professional level, he was interested in hydrology and cartography. Author of 12 maps of Volyn and Polissia.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "He compiled a bibliography with an analysis of samples of European literature.", "title": "Works" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1974 Xerox WCT Tennis Classic , also known as the Washington Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Merrifield, Virginia in the United States that was part of the Red Group of the 1974 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from March 11 through March 17, 1974. First-seeded Ilie Năstase won the singles title and earned $10,000 first-prize money after defeating defending champion Tom Okker in the final.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ilie Năstase defeated Tom Okker 6–3, 6–3", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Tom Okker / Marty Riessen 7–6, 6–3", "title": "Finals" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is the List of the Presidents of the Maldives by age, which in the table below, their age at start of precedency will be labeled their age when they inaugurated and age at the end of presidency will be when their successor inaugurated", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The current President of the Maldives, Mohamed Muizz's age is 45, and he is also the youngest president in the Maldivian History, while Former president Maumoon Abdul Gayoom is the oldest former president alive in the Maldivian history.", "title": "Age of the presidents of the Maldives" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Frederick Henry Pawson (10 March 1923 – December 2008) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned five international caps for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Pawson, born in Camberwell, London, began his British leagues career riding a couple of times for Eastbourne Eagles during the 1947 Speedway National League Division Three season. His first full season was with Poole Pirates during the 1948 Speedway National League Division Three season. After a strong 1949 season for Poole, where he averaged 8.29, he signed for Harringay Racers in the top division and made a decent start.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1951, he became a Norwich Stars rider and during his first season with them secured a National League (division 2) and Knockout Cup double. He remained at Norwich from 1951 to 1954.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He represented England in international fixtures and also rode for Palmerston North during the England teams visit to New Zealand in 1952. His experiences in New Zealand led him to making the decision to retire from speedway in 1954 and emigrate to New Zealand. He gained New Zealand citizenship and died in 2008.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The High Commission of the Maldives in Singapore (Dhivehi: ސިންގަޕޫރުގައި ހުންނަ ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ހައިކޮމިޝަން, Japanese: 在シンガポールモルディブ高等弁務官事務所) is the overseas diplomatic mission of the Maldives located in Singapore.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Diplomatic relations were established between Singapore and the Maldives on 20 February 1975. The Maldives had not sent a High Commissioner to Singapore for more than 30 years, but Ibrahim Shahid Zaqi served as the country's first non-resident High Commissioner from 30 March to 1 May 2007.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In November 2007, a High Commission office was opened in Singapore. From November 29, 2007 to 2008, Hassan Sobir served as the first permanent High Commissioner.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The embassy was the Embassy of the Maldives in Singapore from October 2016, when the Maldives left the Commonwealth of Nations, to February 2020. It is called \"Embassy of the Maldives in Singapore''.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 1 February 2020, when the Maldives returned to its status as a Commonwealth Republic, the overseas mission reverted to the Office of the High Commission of the Maldives.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "101 Thomson Road, 30-01A United Square, Singapore 307591", "title": "Address" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On August 6, 2020, High Commissioner Abdulla Mausoom resigned from his post as High Commissioner to Singapore as he was appointed Minister of Tourism. Since then, Emaan Hussein has served as Charge d'Affaires High Commissioner (Acting High Commissioner).", "title": "Ambassa" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania letourneuxi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species occurs off the Tuamotus, French Polynesia.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania parvimaculata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species occurs off the Tuamotus, French Polynesia.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania prosocostata is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species occurs off the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The first series of RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs the World aired in 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ages, names, and cities stated are at time of filming.", "title": "Contestants" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Notes:", "title": "Contestants" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Legend:", "title": "Contestant progress" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Legend:", "title": "Lip syncs" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Guests who appeared in episodes, but did not judge on the main stage.", "title": "Guest judges" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania uapou is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species occurs off the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Boxing Day Test is a cricket match held in Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Boxing Day Test may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Series 2 of RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs the World is slated to air on BBC Three and iPlayer in early 2024.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania herwigia is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The length of the shell attains 1 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Uruguay.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 15557/15558 Darbhanga - Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express is India's 1st Non-AC Superfast Amrit Bharat Express train, which runs across the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi connecting the cities of Darbhanga and New Delhi's Anand Vihar Terminal.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This express train was inaugurated on 30 December 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from Ayodhya Dham Junction.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This train is operated by Indian Railways, connecting Darbhanga Jn and Anand Vihar Terminal. It is currently operated with train numbers 15557/15558 on Bi-Weekly services.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It is the first Amrit Bharat Express train in which the locomotives were designed by Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) at Chittaranjan, West Bengal and the coaches were designed and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory at Perambur, Chennai under the Make in India Initiative.", "title": "Rakes" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The 15557/15558 Darbhanga - Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express has currently 22 coaches comprising of 02 Guard Vans, 08 UnReserved Coaches (GS) and 12 Sleeper Coaches (SL). The coaches in white color indicate Guard Vans, UnReserved Coaches and the coaches in Blue color indicate Sleeper Coaches.", "title": "Coach composition" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The 15557/15558 Darbhanga - Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express currently operates 2 days a week, covering a distance of 1,137 km (706 mi) in a travel time of 21hrs 35mins with average speed of 53 km/h. The Maximum Permissible Speed (MPS) will be confirmed after commercial run.", "title": "Service" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The halts for this 15557/15558 Darbhanga - Anand Vihar Terminal Amrit Bharat Express are as follows:-", "title": "Train Halts" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gul Hassan Tareen (Urdu: گُل حسن ترین, born 24 June 1974), has held the position of Justice in the Balochistan High Court (BHC) since 7 July 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Prior to assuming the role of a judge, he served as an Advocate High Court. He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the BHC on 7 July 2022, and subsequently confirmed as a Judge on 27 June 2023.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "James Sanderson (born 30 November 2006) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL League Two club Notts County.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sanderson joined the Notts County Academy at under-8s level, before departing in order to play grassroots football before returning to the club, signing a scholarship deal in July 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 1 December 2023, the day after his seventeenth birthday, he was named in a senior matchday squad for the first time. He made his debut as a substitute that day in an FA Cup Second Round defeat to Shrewsbury Town, scoring with one of his first touches after entering the play. On 26 December 2023, he made his league debut for the club.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Maldives National Cadet Corps (Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭ ޤައުމީ ކެޑޭޓް ކޯ, NCC) is the youth wing of the Maldivian Defence Force with its headquarters being located in the capital of Maldives, Malé. It is the largest youth organization in the Maldives, it functions under the Ministry of Education with logistic assistance from the MNDF. It consists of cadets and bandmates of schools nationwide who are above the age of 11.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The organization is headed by the Supreme Commander and President, Dr. Mohamed Muizzu, and assisted by the Deputy Supreme Commander and Minister of Education, Ismail Shafeeu.", "title": "Organization" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bury Your Dead is an American metalcore band.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bury Your Dead may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marek Czyż (Polish: [ˈmarɛk t͡ʂɨʂ]; born 25 March 1968) is a Polish journalist and news presenter.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Marek Czyż was born on 25 March 1968 in Cieszyn, Poland. He has graduated from the University of Silesia in Katowice. While stydying, he co-created Radio Egida in 1969.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1968, he begun working professionally as a journalist in Radio Top based in Katowice. Later, from 1996 to 2008, he worked in Telewizja Polska (TVP), where he worked, among others, on programmes Monitor Wiadomości and Gość Jedynki in TVP1, various journalistic programmes in TVP3, Aktualności in TVP3 Katowice, and various news programmes dedicated to the accession of Poland to the European Union in 2004. He also worked as a foreign correspondent in the Telewizyjna Agencja Informacyjna (Television Information Agency).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "From 2009 to 2011 he worked in TVS, where he hosted Silesia Informacje, Kiosk, and Gość TVS. From 30 September 2009 to 2011 he was also the director of TVS.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2011, he begun working in TVP Info. Until 2016 he co-hosted Poranek Info and Forum. From 18 May 2014 to 24 July 2016, he hosted Bez retuszu. On 25 April 2016, he returned to working in TVP3 Katowice, where he hosted Czyżby? and Aktualności. He left Telewizja Polska in August 2016.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2016 he begun working in Nowa TV, where from 9 November 2016 to 30 November 2017, he co-hosted news programme 24 godziny online.pl. From 2016 to October 2017 he also hosted Tu i teraz, and Proste pytanie. In 2019 he hosted programme Czyż nie… in Nowa TV, and co-hosted radio audition Rozmowa dnia in Superstacja. From 2019 to 2020 he was the editor-in-chief of Silesia24.pl news web portal. In 2020, he joined to the editor team of the internet radio station Halo.Radio, where he hosted his own programmes. In 2020 he also founded internet news portal CzyzTak.pl. From January 2020 to July 2023 he was the information director of Radio Zet.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On 20 December 2023, he made an announcement about the management changes in TVP, which was emitted in place of the regular new programme Wiadomości on TVP1. The next day, he hosted the first episode of the new news programme 19.30, which replaced Wiadomości.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Al Salām al-amīrī\" (Arabic: السلام الأميري, transl. Amiri Salute) was the first national anthem of Kuwait, written in 1951. Its usage was discontinued in 1978. The style is very typical of the \"Arab fanfare\" as a style in use in the area at that time.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The New Market–Linvale–Snydertown Historic District is a 160-acre (65 ha) historic district located along NJ 31, Linvale, Snydertown, and Woodsville Roads in the communities of Linvale, formerly known as New Market, and Snydertown in the townships of East Amwell and West Amwell in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 12, 1998, for its significance in architecture, commerce, settlement, and community development. The district includes 33 contributing buildings, four contributing structures, and one contributing object.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Linvale United Methodist Church, historically known as the New Market Methodist Episcopal Church, was built in 1858 following the Wren–Gibbs church building tradition. The one-story frame building features Italianate and Gothic Revival styles. There is a square bell tower with a gable roof in the front center. The congregation was formed in 1844. The former New Market Store in Linvale was first built around 1770 and rebuilt in 1866. The two-story brick building has a gable-fronted roof and shows Italianate and Gothic Revival styles. A late 18th-century or early 19th-century grist mill in Snydertown has been converted into a residence.", "title": "History and description" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Issachar Dov-Ber Bampi (Hebrew: יששכר דובער באמפּי; 1823 – March 10, 1888) was a Russian Jewish scholar, bibliophile, and philanthropist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Issachar Dov-Ber Bampi was born in Minsk in 1823. He received a comprehensive Biblical and Talmudic education, and was proficient in Hebrew. For the last thirty years of his life, Bampi delivered daily lectures on various chapters of the Bible in his private synagogue. His scholarly focus centered on tracing Jewish religious customs to their origins in both Talmuds and Midrashim. He left in manuscript the work Meḳor Minhagim ('Source of Customs') on this subject, excerpts of which were published in the yearbook Keneset Yisrael and in Ha-Kerem.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Bampi fostered relationships with both Orthodox Talmudists and progressive Maskilim. Among the scholars he supported was Kalman Schulman, who dedicated the third volume of his work Toledot Ḥakme Yisrael (Vilna, 1883) to Bampi.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He was a dedicated member of the Ḥovevei Zion of Minsk, actively contributed to various charitable institutions, and played a significant role in communal affairs. After his death, Bampi's extensive library, comprising about 6,000 volumes of mostly Hebraica, was sold to Aryeh Leib Friedland. This collection formed an important part of the Friedland collection, eventually donated by its owner to the library of the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersburg. Many of Bampi's books contain handwritten marginal notes.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ginzberg, Louis; Wiernik, Peter (1902). \"Bampi, Issachar Dob Baer\". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 487.", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 13433/13434 SMVT Bengaluru - Malda Town Amrit Bharat Express is India's 2nd upcoming Non-AC superfast Amrit Bharat Express operated by Indian Railways. The train connects the city SMVT Bengaluru in India, the capital city of Karnataka and Malda Town in West Bengal.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The train is operated by Indian Railways, connecting Malda Town and SMVT Bengaluru.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Template:2024 Atlantic Coast Conference softball standings", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The 2024 Clemson Tigers softball team will be the varsity college softball team that represents Clemson University during the 2024 NCAA Division I softball season. This will be the fifth season of Clemson's softball program. The Tigers will compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) and will be led by head coach John Rittman. Clemson plays its home games at McWhorter Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Tigers finished the regular season 45–8 and 18–6 in ACC play to finish in third place. As the third seed in the ACC Tournament, they earned a bye into the Quarter finals where the defeated North Carolina before losing to Duke in the Semifinals. The Tigers were selected, via at-large bid, as the sixteenth overall seed in the NCAA Tournament. They hosted a regional and were placed into the Norman Super Regional. They defeated UNC Greensboro and Auburn to earn a spot in the final of the Regional. They lost to Auburn in the first game, but won the second time to advance to the Super Regional. The Tigers lost both games to the eventual national champions Oklahoma Sooners in Norman to end their season.", "title": "Previous Season" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Note: All rankings shown are from the NFCA/USA Today poll.", "title": "Schedule" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Telewizja Republika or TV Republika is a Polish television station, whose editor-in-chief is Tomasz Sakiewicz. The channel can be received via satellite, via the Internet and terrestrial in the DVB-T system (Katowice and the surrounding area), as well as in the DVB-T2 system (Warsaw, Wrocław and the vicinity of these cities). From 2022, the channel broadcasts its program 24 hours a day..", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The creation of television has been ongoing since 2012. The seat of the owner and the station is Warsaw. From the beginning, the station was managed by Telewizja Niezależna Spółka Akcyjna, of which Piotr Barełkowski became the president of the management board. Bronisław Wildstein and Tomasz Sakiewicz (for marketing and subscriber market) became vice-presidents of the management board, and the following members of the company's supervisory board included: Anita Gargas-Wojciechowska, Katarzyna Gójska-Hejke, Cezary Gmyz, Piotr Kwiecień, Rafał Ziemkiewicz. The company's share capital amounted to PLN 100,000, paid in quarters.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At the end of 2012, Bronisław Wildstein became the editor-in-chief of the station. The television project was announced as a \"supra-environmental\" initiative. The team of journalists included representatives of the press (\"Do Rzeczy\", \"Gazeta Polska\") and internet portals (Niezalezna.pl, Fronda.pl), who were active on television in the past: Bronisław Wildstein (editor-in-chief, former president of Telewizja Polska), Tomasz Sakiewicz, Ewa Stankiewicz (artistic director), Rafał Ziemkiewicz, Piotr Lisiewicz, Joanna Lichocka, Anita Gargas, Cezary Gmyz, Katarzyna Hejke, Piotr Gociek, Marek Magierowski, Tomasz Terlikowski, Marcin Wolski and Krzysztof Masłoń. The TV journalistic and production team consisted of approximately 50 people in total.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Almost Naked Party was an event held by Russian blogger and TV presenter Nastya Ivleeva in Moscow on 20–22 December 2023, attended by many Russian celebrities. The event led to a scandal as it was criticized by pro-regime propagandists as being inappropriate while Russian soldiers are dying in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War and allegedly promoting LGBTQ+ values. Many attendees publicly apologised. Some faced legal action.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The condemnation of the event was supported by Vladimir Putin. It was notable as those who attended were generally supportive of the Putin regime and had previously avoided criticism.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The event was a Christmas dress-up ball held at Moscow's Mutabor nightclub on 20–22 December 2023. The first night, 20 December, was exclusive for celebrities and invite only format, while the second night (21 December) was open to the general public for 2,500 rubles. Partying continued into 22 December.", "title": "Event" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The suggested dress code for the party was to be \"almost naked\" and many attendees wore minimal clothing, with women in lingerie-themed outfits.", "title": "Event" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Russian rapper Vacio wore just training shoes plus a single sock on his penis. Ivleeva spoke of wearing 23 million roubles worth of diamonds and emeralds in her outfit.", "title": "Event" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Attendees included many celebrities who have stayed in Russia since the invasion of Ukraine and are broadly seen as being supportive of the Putin regime. They included:", "title": "Event" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Footage of the event spread on social media and led to criticisms from pro-war commentators (including Vladimir Solovyov, a television propagandist), state officials, politicians and the Russian Orthodox Church. Vladimir Putin was reported to have been unhappy about the event, to have demanded punishments and to have approved of the condemnations made. The issue became a public scandal and dominated news reporting in Russia for several days.", "title": "Condemnation of the event" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Critics said the event was insulting to Russian soldiers fighting in Ukraine and that the event promoted LGBTQ+ values, illegal under Russian law. Soldiers in Ukraine were reported to have complained about the event.", "title": "Condemnation of the event" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Two days after the party, Vacio was sentenced to 15 days imprisonment for \"disorderly conduct\" and fined 200,000 roubles for \"promoting non-traditional sexual relations\".", "title": "Condemnation of the event" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The Federal Taxation Service opened an investigation into Ivleeva. She is also facing a lawsuit from a group of individuals demanding she pay 1 billion roubles for \"moral suffering\" (with the money to go to Ukraine war veterans).", "title": "Condemnation of the event" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Concerts and advertising contracts of many attendees were cancelled. Ivleeva lost her contract with mobile phone operator MTS. She donated proceeds from the party to charity.", "title": "Condemnation of the event" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "BBC News suggested that the criticism reflected a need for the Russian ruling class to generate scapegoats in the face of poor progress towards Russia's war aims in Ukraine. Opposition activist Maxim Katz was quoted: \"For the first time in a long time, the system has pushed back against those who supported all its rules, as long as they weren't applied to them.\" Pjotr Sauer writing in The Guardian described it as \"one of the starkest examples to date of how Vladimir Putin is moving the country in a conservative and anti-liberal direction.\"", "title": "Condemnation of the event" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Ivleeva, Kirkorov, Milyavskaya, Sobchak and others apologised on social media.", "title": "Response to criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Ivleeva had initially responded to the criticism with mockery, but later released a two-part apology video.", "title": "Response to criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Kirkorov said he was only briefly in attendance. Bilan stressed that he was conservatively dressed and not responsible for how others dressed. Milyavskaya described the event as an \"art project\".", "title": "Response to criticism" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Mian Family Graveyard (Punjabi, Urdu: میانی فیملی قبرستان) is a private cemetery in Lahore holds significant historical value as the resting place of numerous influential leaders from this family, such as, Mian Mouhammad Yousaf (Nazim Shalimar Gardens), Nawab Mian Muhammad Fazil, Mian Qadir Bauksh Nadir, Justice Mian Shah Din, Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Begum Jahan Ara, Justice Mian Sir Abdur Rashid, Mian Bashir Ahmed, and Mian Iftikharuddin.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This family was honored with the royal title of 'Mian' by the Mughal Emperors due to their noteworthy contributions to the region's development. They were the rightful owners of Baghbanpura and the adjacent land, which was utilized for constructing the renowned Shalimar Gardens in Lahore. In 1641, the Emperor Shah Jahan entrusted them with the custodianship of the Shalimar Gardens, further solidifying their historical significance and influence in the region.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The burial ground encompasses roughly 14 Kanals (2 acres) of private land that belonged to Mian Muhammad Yousaf, the inaugural Nazim of Shalimar Gardens, and is managed by the Graveyard Committee, comprising senior descendants of the family.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea vaporalis is a species of waterlily endemic to Queensland, Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea vaporalis is an annual or perennial species with globose rhizomes. The elliptic-suborbicular, 33 cm long, 28 cm wide leaves have an entire-sinuate margin.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The fragrant, day-flowering, flowers can rise up to 30 cm above the water surface. The 12 cm long, 3.5 cm wide, sepals have an acute apex. The 22-25 cm long, 1.8-2.5 cm wide petals have an acute apex. The androecium consists of 200 yellow stamens with membranous, max. 2.3 cm long filaments. The anthers are 0.8 cm long, and have white appendages on the outer stamens. The gynoecium consists of 18 carpels. The ovary has vestigial sterile lobes. The 4 cm long, 3 cm wide, globose fruit carries glabrous, elongate, 2-2.6 mm long, and 1.5 mm wide seeds. The flowers smell like cinnamon.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In Nymphaea vaporalis, a large percentage of seeds are aborted, but the fully developed seeds are viable.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It was first described by Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs and Carl Barre Hellquist in 2011.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The type specimen of Nymphaea vaporalis was collected at an elevation of 287 meters above sea level by Jacobs and Hellquist in North Kennedy, Queensland on th 10th of June 2007.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Confluentes.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The specific epithet vaporalis, meaning steam or smoke, is derived from the old steam engine water supply near Mingela, its only known habitat.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The NCA status of Nymphaea atrans is Special Least Concern.", "title": "Conservation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ronwaldo Martin (born Ron Nacianceño) is a Filipino movie and television actor.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He is the younger brother of Coco Martin", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He won acclaim for his leading role in Pamilya Ordinaryo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He has also appeared in the TV drama Batang Quiapo, which stars and is directed by his elder brother Coco Martin.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Template:Filipino-actor-stub==External links==", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Al-Faisaliah Hotel (Arabic: فندق الفيصلية) is a is a five-star hotel in the al-Olaya district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located adjacent to the al-Faisaliah Tower. Opened in 2000, it is owned and managed by Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group since 2021. The hotel is frequented mostly by businessmen and is known for hosting weddings of members of the Saudi royal family as well as other elites.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Al-Faisaliah Hotel was opened in May 2000, alongside the Al-Faisaliah Tower. It was initially managed by Rosewood Hotels & Resorts and had 189 rooms and 35 suites at the time of its opening. In April 2015, the Al-Khozama Management Company acquired the hotel's management services and brought an end to the 20 year old partnership with Rosewood Hotels. The hotel had 224 rooms and 106 suites at the time.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In November 2020, Hong Kong-based Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group signed an agreement with Al-Khozama Management Company to takeover the hotel by the first quarter of 2021, which culminated in March 2021. Following the takeover, the hotel underwent extensive renovation.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Globe is the signature restaurant of the hotel, whereas other restaurants include the Asir Lounge, La Brasserie, LPM Restaurant & Café, Mamo Michelangelo, Meraki, Yauatcha and Joud Lounge.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Richard Eliot (c.1546-1609), of Cuddenbeak and Port Eliot, St. Germans, Cornwall, was an English Member of Parliament.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for HSt. Germans in 1572.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The UK Singles Chart is one of many music charts compiled by the Official Charts Company that calculates the best-selling singles of the week in the United Kingdom. Since 2004 the chart has been based on the sales of both physical singles and digital downloads, with airplay figures excluded from the official chart. Since 2014, the singles chart has been based on both sales and streaming, with the ratio altered in 2017 to 150:1 streams and only three singles by the same artist eligible for the chart. From July 2018, video streams from YouTube Music and Spotify among others began to be counted for the Official Charts. This list shows singles that peaked in the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart during 2024, as well as singles which peaked in 2023 and 2025 but were in the top 10 in 2024. The entry date is when the song appeared in the top 10 for the first time (week ending, as published by the Official Charts Company, which is six days after the chart is announced).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ten singles have been in the top ten this year (as of 4 January 2024, week ending). Eight singles from 2023 remained in the top 10 for several weeks at the beginning of the year.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "An asterisk (*) in the \"Weeks in Top 10\" column shows that the song is currently in the top 10.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Ten singles have charted in the top 10 so far in 2024 (as of 4 January 2024, week ending), with eight singles reaching their peak so far.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The following table shows artists who achieved two or more top 10 entries in 2024, including singles that reached their peak in 2023. The figures include both main artists and featured artists, while appearances on ensemble charity records are also counted for each artist. The total number of weeks an artist spent in the top ten in 2024 is also shown.", "title": "Entries by artist" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IDN Media is a media platform company for millennials and generation Z in Indonesia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The company was founded on June 8, 2014 in Surabaya, East Java and based in Jakarta, by two brothers Winston Utomo and William Utomo.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "IDN Media operates five main business lines, namely digital media, live streaming, entertainment, commercial and creator economy.", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "IDN Media has seven website-based digital media with different reader segments, as follows:", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "IDN Media has a commercial business line that supports company businesses in the digital sector. This line consists of:", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2020, IDN Media began to enter the entertainment industry by acquiring Demi Istri Production, which is a film company owned by Fajar Nugros (as director) and Susanti Dewi (as producer), and changed its name to IDN Pictures.", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Apart from the film, IDN Media has also begun to enter the music industry, when the company acquired the Indonesia-Japanese idol group JKT48 from Dentsu Inter Admark Media Group Indonesia on April 7 2022, because the group has entered the NEW ERA (New Era) formation era since January 8, 2022. On June 27 2022, JKT48 officially became part of IDN Media, which was mediated by Reisman Sabaru & Partners Strategic (RSPS), a law firm based in Jakarta, with the group's new company name being PT Indonesia Musik Nusantara' and under license from Vernalossom Co. Ltd. (via Superball Inc.) from Japan .", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On October 6, 2023, IDN Media has inaugurated the new JKT48 office which is located on the 3rd floor of the Global Tower, South Jakarta , DKI Jakarta. The new office is a move from a rented luxury house in Jakarta, to be used as an office and special training place for JKT48. Although the distance between fX Sudirman (via the JKT48 Theater located on the 4th floor) and Global Tower (via the new JKT48 office located on the 3rd floor) is around 3 km.", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Boss Creator is a music and festival company in Indonesia. Joining IDN Media on October 17 2023, Boss Creator is now integrated into the IDN Media ecosystem. One of Boss Creator's flagship events is Pestapora, a music festival held in Indonesia. Pestapora 2023, which took place between 22 - 24 September 2023) has achieved ticket sales of around 120,000 tickets, featuring 224 musicians (including JKT48 ).", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Indonesia Creator Economy is an agency company in the influencer marketing sector which was launched in 2022. Previously, ICE was called IDN Creator Network, which is a creator platform in Indonesia. ICE is a creator agency owned by IDN Media. There are five services provided by ICE, namely content creator marketing , content creator trading , content creator representation , financial technology solutions , and brand & product development.", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "MORF is a talent management agency with a focus on developing talents to become content creators. MORF was founded by Deddy Corbuzier and joined the IDN Media ecosystem on September 8, 2023.", "title": "Business units" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Since its founding, IDN Media has received five series of funding, the latest being Series D funding. IDN Media, which at that time was still known as IDN Times, received its first seed investment funding on September 7, 2015 from East Ventures. The following year, on September 5, 2016, IDN Media obtained Series A funding from ff Venture Capital and several other investors, such as GDP Venture (Djarum Group), East Ventures, and MNM Creative.", "title": "Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "On November 21, 2017, IDN Media received Series B funding from East Ventures and Central Exchange (from Hong Kong). On January 8, 2019, IDN Media obtained Series C funding from EV Growth, a venture company which is a combination of East Ventures, Sinar Mas, and Yahoo! Japan, True Digital (part of the Thai conglomerate Charoen Pokphand), and LINE Venture.", "title": "Funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "On June 6 2022, IDN Media received Series D funding from Mayapada and KMIF (an investment company from several large Indonesian conglomerate groups). Other investors are East Ventures, OCBC NISP Ventura, Dentsu Group , and V Media Ventures. This makes IDN Media one of the largest media companies in Indonesia.", "title": "Funding" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eldorado Cadillac is an album by the American musician Billy Boy Arnold, released in 1995. It was the second album of his 1990s comeback. Arnold considered his two Alligator Records albums to be the best of his career. The album won a National Association of Independent Record Distributors award for best blues album.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Eldorado Cadillac was produced by Arnold, Bruce Iglauer, and Scott Dirks. Arnold wrote seven new songs for the album. Carl Sonny Leyland contributed on piano; Bob Margolin played slide guitar. \"Don't Stay Out All Night\" is a rerecording of Arnold's first single, from 1955. \"Sunny Road\" is a cover of the Roosevelt Sykes song.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Vancouver Sun wrote that \"the star of this show is Arnold's straight-ahead harp playing in a style inspired by Sonny Boy Williamson... The sound he wrenches from the instrument—raunchy distortion with a touch of reverb—just about defines Chicago blues.\" The Washington Post said that Arnold and his band \"forego the stomp rhythms of Muddy Waters and Willie Dixon for a bluesy, greasy swing that's pure pleasure.\" The Chicago Tribune concluded that \"Arnold's vocal range throughout Eldorado Cadillac is undeniably deeper and fuller than it was in 1956, but his outlook is happily the same.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Times Colonist determined that \"Arnold uses adept vocal phrasing to add a dramatic edge to his narrow range, and his blues harp is a haunting, riveting, delicious treat.\" The Los Angeles Times deemed Eldorado Cadillac \"a solid, sweaty blues collection.\" The Santa Cruz Sentinel praised Arnold's \"distorted harmonica and cool singing.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "AllMusic called the album \"a fun set of passionate Chicago blues.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mirza Gul Muhammad Khan Makrani (Balochi: میرزا گل محمد خان مکرانی; 1813–1848), better known as Natiq Makrani(Balochi: ناطق مکرانی) was a Baloch writer, mystic, poet and theologian of the 13th lunar century.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born in at Panjgur, Balochistan and moved to Isfahan, Iran. he left for Sindh in the court of Talpur dynasty in his middle of life.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "His poetry was collected by his Students in a book, Johar-e-Muazzam and published in Nawal Kishore Press in the city of Lucknow.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mirza Natiq Makrani has used most forms of Persian poetry such as Sonnet, qasida, Mathnawi, Rubaʿi and Qit'a. But due to the abundance of his sonnets, it can be concluded that he was more interested in experimenting in this format.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of Dutch football transfers for the 2023–24 winter transfer window. Only transfers featuring Eredivisie are listed.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Eredivisie" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Events in the year 1919 in Finland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ongoing - Finnish Civil War", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Deaths" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Prayer for Travelers is the debut novel of American writer Ruchika Tomar, published in 2019. The novel won the 2020 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It is a mistery and coming-of-age story, revolving around the friendship between two young women, Cale and Penny, who live in a small town near the California-Nevada border, and the sudden disappearance of one of them.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lynn Cooley is the C. N. H. Long Professor of Genetics and Professor of Cell Biology and of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and Vice Provost for Postdoctoral Affairs at Yale University.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Cooley earned her PhD at the University of Texas in 1984, her BA in Zoology at Connecticut College in 1976, and held a postdoctoral appointment at the Carnegie Institution.. She was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012. Cooley became Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 2014, and Vice Provost for Postdoctoral Affairs in 2021.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Cooley is a developmental cell biologist who works on gametogenesis: germline cells and intercellular bridges that connect them while they become sperm or eggs.", "title": "Research" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Between 18 January and 26 February 1991, Ba'athist Iraq launched 46 al-Husayn Scud missiles against Saudi Arabian and American military targets in Dhahran and the Saudi capital of Riyadh amidst the Gulf War. Attacks began hours after US General Norman Schwarzkopf emphasized large-scale efforts taken to comb the vast expanses of western Iraq for rocket attacks aimed at Israel. Although the attacks were largely inaccurate, the missiles caused 28 of the 148 United States battle deaths during the Gulf War. Most of the Iraqi missiles were aimed at military targets in Saudi Arabia, inflicting a very low death toll on civilian populations.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The first Iraqi missile launched at Saudi Arabia took place on 18 January, although it was destroyed in the sky above Dhahran Air Base by US Patriot air-defence missiles. On the night of 20 January, US Patriot air-defence missiles intercepted nine Iraqi Scud missiles fired at major Saudi cities and military installations, including five rocketed at Dhahran and four rocketed at Riyadh. A tenth Scud missile landed in the Persian Gulf. The Saudi Press Agency reported that the attack on Riyadh slightly injured 12 people as a result of \"some shrapnel\" which \"fell on a building on a building in one of the districts of Riyadh\".", "title": "Attacks" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 25 January, Iraq launched two missiles at Riyadh. Both missiles were detected, although only one was intercepted in the air by a Patriot, while the other was not. The second missile totally destroyed one wing of the six-story Ministry of Interior Civil Records building, consequently killing one Saudi citizen and injuring 30 people of different nationalities. During the next three days, two Iraqi missiles fired at Saudi Arabia were intercepted. On 3 February, an Iraqi missile hit Riyadh at 1:00 am, slightly injuring 29 people, mostly due to splinters of glass windows.", "title": "Attacks" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The missile attack on Hafar al-Batin on 14 February was the last attack that inflicted civilian casualties or damage in Saudi Arabia or other areas in the Gulf. Prior to the attack on 25 February, Iraqi Scud missile attacks killed one person and injured about 85.", "title": "Attacks" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 25 February, an Iraqi Scud missile hit a makeshift United States barracks in Dhahran overnight. 28 American soldiers were killed, 110 were hospitalized and 150 experienced minor physical injuries. This attack caused the highest number of casualties since Iraq started launching Scud missiles against Saudi Arabia on 18 January. This one Scud's impact accounted for more than a third of all US soldiers killed during the Gulf War. According to CNN, an Iraqi Information Ministry official stated that missiles were aimed at Dhahran \"to punish those who gave up honor\". US military officials refused to discuss the incident and confiscated news photographers' film.", "title": "Attacks" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The missile attacks took a very low death toll on Saudi Arabia's civilian population. Only one Saudi civilian was reported killed in Riyadh on 25 January, and another 77 were lightly injured. Reports of civilian casualties ceased after an attack on 14 February that lightly injured four people in Hafar al-Batin. Iraqi missiles caused 28 of the 148 United States battle deaths during the Gulf War.", "title": "Casualties" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jackson R. Ngiraingas is a Palauan politician who served as Minister of Public Infrastructure from 2009 to 2013.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In March 2006, he asked the Senate of Palau to conduct an investigation into numerous allegations of conflicts of interest against President Thomas Remengesau Jr., Minister of State Temmy Shmull, Minister of Finance Elbuchel Sadang and First Lady Debbie Remengesau. He served as Governor of Peleliu before resigning in 2009 to join Johnson Toribiong's government as Minister of Public Infrastructure. He was sworn in on February 14, 2009 and was succeeded as governor by Kangichi Uchau. He unsuccessfully ran for vice president in the 2012 Palauan general election in which he came fourth in the primary with 969 votes and just over 10% of the vote.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He unsuccessfully ran for re-election as Governor of Peleliu against incumbent Temmy Shmull in the December 2015 election. In December 2018, he unsuccessfully ran for re-election again in which he received 265 votes behind Shmull's 309 votes. In April 2020, he sued Shmull for violating the Open Government Act by not responding to his letters requesting information in 2015. In July 2021, he filed a lawsuit against Vice President and Minister of Justice Uduch Sengebau Senior claiming that she had \"failed to issue a proper warning\" of Typhoon Surigae, the case was dismissed by the Supreme Court of Palau in January 2023. In December 2021, Shmull stepped down having reached the term limit and Ngiraingas unsuccessfully ran for re-election for a third time. Unofficial results from an election poll showed him receiving 174 votes behind former Minister of Health Emais Roberts who received 312 votes.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "His wife Terry Eledui Ngiraingas served as a legal secretary for a law firm from 1984 to 1993 and Executive Secretary to the Chief Justice from 1998 to 2000. She also became the first former first lady to seek public office when she successfully ran as a candidate for Legislature-At-Large. Their son Terepkul Ngiraingas received a medical scholarship from the Cuban government.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Louise Ahlén (née Holmer; 28 November 1857 – 24 may 1913) was a Swedish writer most famous for her two added verses to the Swedish National anthem.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania hueti is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The length of the shell attains 2 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Réunion.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Winston Utomo (born 23 November, 1990 in Surabaya, Indonesia) is an Indonesian businessman and the founder and CEO of IDN Media.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Winston Utomo was born and raised in Surabaya. He is the eldest of two children with William Utomo. Winston studied undergraduate at the University of Southern California – Marshall School of Business and Master's at Columbia University in New York with magna cum laude honors.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After completing his master's degree, Winston continued his career by working at Google in Singapore. While working there, Winston got the inspiration to establish a media company targeting the millennial and gen z generations in Indonesia. IDN Media was founded on June 8, 2014. Together with William Utomo, Winston grew IDN Media to become one of the largest technology media companies in Indonesia.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Since its founding, IDN Media has received five series of funding, the latest being Series D funding. IDN Media, which at that time was still known as IDN Times, received its first seed investment funding on September 7, 2015 from East Ventures. The following year, on September 5, 2016, IDN Media obtained Series A funding from North Base Media and several other investors, such as GDP Venture (Djarum), East Ventures, and a film company in the United States, MNM Creative.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On November 21, 2017, IDN Media received Series B funding from East Ventures and Central Exchange Hong Kong. Afterwards, on January 8, 2019, IDN Media obtained Series C funding from EV Growth, a venture company which is a combination of East Ventures, Sinar Mas, and Yahoo! Japan , Charoen Pokphand, and LINE Venture.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On June 6 2022, IDN Media received Series D funding from Mayapada and KMIF (an investment company from several large Indonesian conglomerate groups). Other investors are East Ventures, OCBC NISP Ventura, Dentsu Group , and V Media Ventures. This makes IDN Media one of the largest media companies in Southeast Asia.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Winston Utomo often receives awards for his achievements and accomplishments. Some of them are that in 2017 , Winston and his younger brother, William Utomo, were the only Indonesians to receive the Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia award in the Media, Marketing and Advertising category. Winston is also the leader of Global Shapers Jakarta, a community of the World Economic Forum.", "title": "Awards and recognition" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sweden is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea, from January 19 to February 1, 2024. This will be Swenden's fourth appearance at the Winter Youth Olympic Games, having competed at every Games since the inaugural edition in 2012.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following is the list of number of competitors (per gender) participating at the games per sport/discipline. The team was selected on 21 December 2023.", "title": "Competitors" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Key:", "title": "Ice hockey" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sweden qualified a women's hockey team of 18 athletes.", "title": "Ice hockey" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Strigilodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish within the order Petalodontiformes. This genus existed during the Lower Carboniferous period, approximately 350 million years ago.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The genus was identified in 2023 from fossilized teeth found in the Ste. Genevieve Formation rock layer at Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky, the United States. The distinctive teeth, arranged in a fan-like structure, featured a large tooth in the center and three smaller teeth alongside it. Each tooth had a rounded curved cusp for clipping and grasping hard shell prey, with ridges on the inner side for crushing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The genus contains 1 known species:", "title": "Species" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1975 Xerox Tennis Classic , also known as the Washington Indoor, was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland in the United States that was part of the Red Group of the 1975 World Championship Tennis circuit. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from March 10 through March 16, 1975. Unseeded Mark Cox won the singles title and earned $12,000 first-prize money after defeating Dick Stockton in the final.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mark Cox defeated Dick Stockton 6–2, 7–6", "title": "Finals" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Mike Estep / Jeff Simpson defeated Anand Amritraj / Vijay Amritraj 7–6, 6–3", "title": "Finals" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mary Adelaide Hare (1865–1945) was a teacher of Deaf children and a suffragist who founded the Mary Hare School.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She was born on 3 November 1865 in Kentish Town, London, the sixth of eleven children of engineering draughtsman Thomas Hare and his wife Adelaide, née Rogers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Trained at the Ealing Training College for Teachers of the Deaf, she taught there as a teacher-trainee and as a full-time teacher, and remained an examiner there after her departure.", "title": "Teaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In January 1885, she opened her own school for Deaf pupils within a private girls’ school run by three of her sisters in Upper Norwood. She took in a handful of students, some of them boarders, including one child from a poor family whom she taught for free. The school moved premises to Brighton in 1894, eventually settling at Burgess Hill, in 1916, where it was known as the Dene Hollow School for the Deaf. The school focused on the 'oral method,' teaching Deaf children to speak as well as sign, and attracted pupils from great distances away.", "title": "Teaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "While in Brighton, Mary Hare chaired meetings of the WSPU and hosted WSPU events in her house. By 1913, she had become the secretary of the Brighton branch of the Women’s Freedom League. She spoiled her 1911 census record as part of a WFL protest.", "title": "Suffragist" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "During World War I she held a leadership role in the Brighton branch of the Women's Police Volunteers. She was the first woman to serve on the Burgess Hill Urban District Council (1919–1938) and the first woman chair of the National College of Teachers of the Deaf (1928).", "title": "Later positions and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "She died at her home in Dene Hollow on 5 November 1945. In 1946 the school was redesignated the Mary Hare Grammar School for the Deaf.", "title": "Later positions and death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abdul Rahman bin Haji Ali or more popularly known as Abdul Rahman (born 1913) is a Singaporean footballer. The former national captain hold the record for playing nine times in the Malaysia Cup final from 1933 to 1950. Besides football, Abdul Rahman is also a rugby player and athlete.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zachary London is an American scientist. He is the James W. Albers Collegiate Professor of Neurology at the University of Michigan and program director of the neurology residency at the University of Michigan. He specializes in neuromuscular disease and electromyography. He has been celebrated for his innovative approach to interactive educational tools, and received the American Academy of Neurology A. B. Baker Award for Lifetime Achievement in Neurology Education in 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "London grew up in Wisconsin. He attended Brown University for undergraduate studies and went to medical school at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After a preliminary medicine internship at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital in Ann Arbor, London completed his neurology residency at the University of Michigan, where he remained for a fellowship in clinical neurophysiology and electromyography.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2006, London joined the faculty at the University of Michigan as a neuromuscular specialist. He has published on the use of electromyography and nerve conduction studies as diagnostic tools and on pain during these studies.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He later became director of the residency program. He has published extensively on educational techniques in neurology medical education, and on the residency and fellowship process.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He is a fellow of the American Academy of Neurology and has been involved with the Graduate Education subcommittee. He is active in the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine and is a mentor on the Young Leadership Council.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "London has focused his academic scholarship on the development of interactive educational tools. In 2007, London created a web-based tool to teach electromyography called EMG Whiz. He later developed two free mobile apps, Nerve Whiz and Neuro Localizer to teach the basics of neurological localization.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2020, with his colleague James Burke, MD, London developed an educational board game called The Lesion: Charcot's Tournament. This was funded by the Jerry Isler Neuromuscular Fund.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Additional games have included:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "London also works to teach neurologists to develop games for neurology education and to use games for neurology education.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "London started recording one song every month in 1993, under the name \"Hard Taco Project.\" He creates a song for every board game he makes. Songs are available at his website, and have been on Spotify starting in 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "London also makes videos using puppets for parody songs, with his students and wife Lauren Schwartz London, often to educate about topics in neurology or illustrate underlying issues in the culture of medicine.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wollaton East and Lenton Abbey ward is an electoral ward in the city of Nottingham, England. The ward contains 32 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to \"buildings of national importance and special interest\". The ward is to the west of the centre of the city, and it contains listed buildings associated with the University of Nottingham. Also in the ward is Highfields Park, and the listed buildings within the park include a cascade and stepping stones, two footbridges, and a landing stage. To the north of the ward are listed buildings associated with Wollaton Park, and the other listed buildings include houses and associated structures, lodges, a parish hall and a vicarage.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lucia Guzzardi (born 1 January 1927) is an Italian actress who appeared in numerous films and television series, playing the characters of Sicilians women.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Guzzardi was born in Palermo in 1927. She started her career playing the roles of Sicilians women in classic Italian films, always in supporting and uncredited roles until the 1980s. After 1990s her career became more known because of the more credited roles she interpreted. After the 2000s her career became more famous appearing in Italian films and TV Shows playing the characters of grandmothers, aunts, neighbors, busybodies etc.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She appeared in roles like Madre Tony in Men Men Men (1995), Gianna in Roseanna's Grave (1997), Madame Giry in The Phantom of the Opera (1998), Landlady in Eat Pray Love (2010), Iolanda in Tell No One (2012), Babushka in Zoolander 2 (2016), Lady in The Honeymoon (2022) etc. Except acting, she also voiced Claudia Cardinale voice in Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti (1959).", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rosolino Grignani (11 October 1908 – 27 April 1945) was an Italian professional footballer who played as a forward in Serie C for Fanfulla.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Grignani worked as a Bakelite molder. During the Second World War, Grignani served as a resistance member, working with four siblings to create false documents needed for Allied prisoners and draft evaders to escape to Switzerland. On 27 April 1945, Grignani was traveling to Lodi along with a friend when they were confronted by a force of German soldiers. Despite displaying a flag of surrender, both men were hit by gunfire. Several days later, Grignani was found dead of his injuries.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Supriti Ghosh (28 August 1922 – 22 April 2009) was a Bengali female singer. She was born at Mirzapur Street in North Kolkata, British India. Her nicknamed was 'Pansy' and then she was known as Supriti Majumdar. Her voice was very melodious. Mahishasuramardini's 'Bajlo Tomar Alor Benu' is still in the minds of most Bengalis through this song with her tunes. Besides, she has given voice to many modern songs and Rabindra Sangeet.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Darrel G. Hopper (born March 14, 1963) is a former American football defensive back who played for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Southern California.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "John Francis Gaffney (born October 22, 1964) is a former American football kicker who played for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Virginia.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Simultonality is a 2017 album by multi-instrumentalist and composer Joshua Abrams and the Natural Information Society.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The album was recorded during 2014 and 2015 in Chicago and Montreal, and was released in 2017 on vinyl by Eremite Records, based in the United States, and on vinyl and CD by tak:til, an imprint of the German Glitterbeat label. Led by Joshua Abrams on guimbri and double bass, the group features tenor saxophonist Ari Brown, electric guitarist Emmett Kelly, keyboardist Ben Boye, harmonium player Lisa Alvarado, and drummers Mikel Avery and Frank Rosaly.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The title of the final track, \"2128½\", refers to the address of Chicago's Velvet Lounge, where Abrams was house bassist during the 1990s.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In an article for The New York Times, Giovanni Russonello described the album as \"at once tensile and hypnotic,\" having \"an aesthetic of repetition and renewal,\" and noted that the music \"draws on a global scrapbook of sources: the liquid chime of 20th-century minimalism, the trebly funk of guitar-driven jazz fusion, the burrowing pulse of West Africa's Gnawa music.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "John Lewis of The Guardian called the album \"a compelling Afro-futurist voyage,\" and wrote: \"What holds everything together... is the spectral presence of Africa – with Abrams' goatskin-covered guimbri bouncing around the mix, sharing sonic space with resonator bells, bow harps and thumb pianos.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Pitchfork's Marc Masters stated: \"The group moves together like a carbon-based machine, loose enough to allow for surprises but always focused on one goal... the music... coaxes you to quiet your mind and focus your attention, but it doesn't necessarily move slowly... Simultonality advances Abrams and Natural Information Society's signature sound, one that gets even more unique the further it grows and expands.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Writing for the Chicago Reader, Peter Margasak noted that the power of the group \"is in large measure derived from a singular sense of purpose: to lock in on a single chord and with subtle, kaleidoscopic modality cast a spell at the nexus of a hypnotic groove.\" He praised the music's \"shifting timbres\" which are \"built atop the twangy, cycling propulsion of the leader's thrumming guimbri lines.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In a review for Dusted Magazine, Bill Meyer commented: \"Musical and elemental forces converge harmoniously without losing their essence. It's a soul-warming response to the agents of fracture at work in America and other places.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Commenting for The Jazz Mann, Ian Mann remarked: \"Simultonality continues to find Abrams creating an increasingly individual music that binds disparate musical elements together in pursuit of a common purpose... Abrams has carved out a unique niche for himself and has surrounded himself with some excellent musicians as he pursues his artistic and philosophical vision.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Eric McDowell of The Free Jazz Collective wrote: \"Given the niche that Abrams has dug out for NIS in the avant-jazz scene, it's not surprising that at the root of Simultonality's propulsive character lies rhythm, in particular the hypnotizing ostinati that ground Abrams's simple, sturdy compositions... it's the band's collective focus that accounts for the full unstoppable force of the music.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The drug economy in Lebanon refers to the expanding Lebanese involvement in both drug production and trade, a phenomenon substantiated by studies. The economic and political upheaval in Lebanon, as delineated in a study by the Euro-Gulf Information Center, has driven Hezbollah, wherein narcotics serve as a notable revenue stream, to intensify its involvement in the drug economy. Western intelligence agencies estimate that Lebanon produces over 4 million pounds of hashish and 20,000 pounds of heroin annually, generating profits exceeding $4 billion. According to The Washington Post, Lebanon's drug industry contributes substantially to the country's economy, accounting for over half of its foreign-exchange earnings.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "While a portion of the harvest remains in Lebanon to serve to around 40,000 local drug users, approximately three-quarters are smuggled to Egypt, Israel, Europe, and North America. Law enforcement officials in the United States said that nearly 2,500 pounds of Lebanese heroin find its way to US streets each year, constituting nearly a fifth of the total heroin entering the country. Much of the remaining heroin is smuggled into Western Europe, where it contributes to more than half of the continent's heroin consumption. The marijuana harvest, processed into hashish, represents 75 percent of global consumption.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "According to Waleed Bukhari, Saudi Ambassador to Lebanon, there were attempts to smuggle 600 million narcotic pills from Lebanon to Saudi Arabia between 2015–2021. He further stated that the amount of drugs smuggled from Lebanon is enough \"to drown not only Saudi Arabia but also the entire Arab world.\" Since the 1990s, drug smuggling has emerged as a primary source of income for the Assad regime in Syria and its ally Hezbollah. The main drug traded is Captagon, a member of the amphetamine family known as \"the jihad drug,\" due to its use by radical groups in Syria, including, such as ISIS.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As per Beqaa Valley farmers, a farm located approximately 30 km from the capital Beirut and near the Syrian border is the epicenter of the drug industry. Lebanon has grown marijuana for generations prior to its independence declaration in 1943.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "During the 1950s and 1960s, the United States Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and its predecessor agencies considered Lebanon to be one of the most crucial locations for the production and trafficking of hashish and opium globally. The article suggests that the trades could have potentially contributed up to a third or more to Lebanon's gross domestic product.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "According to Jonathan V. Marshall, nearly all senior government officials, customs agents, senior security personnel, commercial figures, and major landowners—particularly in the fertile Bakaa Valley area—were associated with drug trade, and many derived substantial incomes from it. While information is scant, Marshall asserts that this early “black economy” played a significant role in Lebanon’s economic development and rise to prominence as a regional trading hub.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The drug industry in Lebanon was significantly expanded during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). One month after the eruption of the civil war, German police uncovered nearly 3 tons of Lebanese hashish. This was the largest drug seizure in the country’s history.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "By 1977, Lebanese farmers were growing marijuana over 10,000 acres of cannabis fields valued at approximately a billion dollars, reaching by the end of the civil war (1990) 125,000 acres, or 49% of northern Bakka valley land. As the war progressed, so did the drug industry. In 1976, Syrian military took control over the Bakaa valley and by 1982, under the watchful eye of Syria's occupying army, marijuana fields covered nearly 90 percent of the region.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Toward the mid-1980s, poppy fields started replacing marijuana fields, beginning heroin production, with its trade reaching billions of dollars. According to Fawwaz Traboulsi, in his book “Culture et commerce de drogue au Liban”, secret laboratories were reportedly processing not only heroin but also Colombian cocaine, contributed to the expanding narcotics market in Lebanon. The estimated production value amounted to $6 billion, eventually reaching a high of $150 billion, paying parties involved in the trade an estimate of $500 million to $1 billion annually. The product shift gained popularity due to its higher value and smuggling became easier due to its lighter weight, increasing drug revenues substantially. According to Elizabeth Picard, Trafficking was not only tolerated by the state but the country’s political elite group was directly involved in the industry.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "As the government's authority weakened in the country, marijuana and opium became important sources of income for various militias and political factions. Trafficking increased during the war, taking advantage of the situation. According to Picard, the initiation of Lebanon's protracted and civil war cannot be attributed to the drug war lords, as they had been conducting their illicit trade relatively without interference for a considerable period. However, the conflict created a demand for secure pathways to transport their marijuana and opium yields, and the militias sought financial resources. This led to a symbiotic alliance between the two parties.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Toward the end of the civil war, the State Department’s Bureau of International Narcotics Matters defined Lebanon as the “key processing transshipment center in the Middle East for opiates, with the emergence of about one hundred from 1985 to 1987. In 1988, heroin production reached about ten tons.”", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In the 1980s, Syria, which had a significant military presence in Lebanon, particularly in the Beqaa Valley, played a central role in controlling and benefiting from the drug trade according to the Washington Post. Syrian military and intelligence officers stationed in the Beqaa were directly or indirectly involved in trafficking, leading to substantial financial gains. The involvement of high-ranking Syrian officials, possibly reaching the inner circle of Syria's government, was suspected.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "After the civil war in Lebanon ended, the country faced the challenge of rebuilding itself. According to the 2007 report by The Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime, Lebanon witnessed a surge in its drug production industry. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Bekaa Valley, particularly the parts controlled by Syria, became a hub for the cultivation of narcotics. The drug trade became a major source of income for various factions and militias, who used the proceeds to finance their military activities. With the civil war fueled by drug revenues, Lebanon emerged as a significant player in the global drug market. The drug trade not only became an economic lifeline for many groups but also contributed to the destabilization of the region.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In the mid-1990s, Syria solidified its control over Lebanon, particularly in the Beqaa Valley, where drug crops were concentrated. The Syrian government, along with various factions and militias, directly or indirectly participated in drug trafficking. This period saw an escalation in the involvement of Syrian military and intelligence officers in the drug trade. The Syrian military's engagement extended from extortion of money from drug growers to independent smuggling of significant amounts of hashish and heroin to the West. During this period a significant portion of the drug harvest was smuggled to Egypt, Israel, Europe, and North America. Lebanese heroin, in particular, was noted to constitute a substantial portion of the heroin entering the United States and Western Europe.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "During the beginning of the 2000s, Lebanon experienced a shift in the dynamics of the drug trade. Efforts were taken by Lebanese Christian officials to draw attention to the issue and inquiries to the Lebanese Narcotics Bureau were issued for them to glimpse into the extent of drug trafficking.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Despite efforts to address the issue, the continuing inability of the government to effectively control Lebanon's drug-producing Beqaa Valley, coupled with its ongoing struggle to close illicit Captagon factories across the country, allows for the persistent occurrence of drug trades. In 2016, the Captagon business in Lebanon has been estimated to be worth more than $1 billion. During the period from 2019 to 2021, an increase in cultivation was noticed. This is due to the deepening economic crisis, the lack in law enforcement and farmers seeking to make a large income.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "In April 2020, Lebanon's parliament passed a law that legalized the cultivation of cannabis when containing less than 1% THC for medical and industrial purposes. The legislation also noted criteria aimed to prevent individuals with criminal records from obtaining licenses. critics claim that this still allowed most farmers to continue their production and expand the industry.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "On 15 June 2021, Lebanon’s Internal Security Forces (ISF) stopped an attempt to smuggle 37.2 kg of Captagon pills into Saudi Arabia through Beirut’s Rafic Hariri International Airport. The pills were hidden inside a package of electric water pumps. Later that month another revelation was made by Saudi authorities at the port of Jeddah revealing another major drug bust, seizing an estimated 14 million Captagon pills. They were reported to be sent from Lebanon, hidden inside iron plates. Additionally, Lebanese authorities seized a batch of Captagon pills also destined for Saudi Arabia later that same year. The ISF stated that a total of 17.4 kg, the equivalent of 100,000 pills, were seized that year.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "The Covid-19 pandemic only contributed to the financial strain in the region. According to the PLOS Globe Public Health report, As a result of the economic challenges faced in the ENP-South region, the drug economy has expanded, not just as a result of an increase in illicit substance demand, but also through an increase in participants in the trafficking, production, and sale of illicit substances. In Lebanon, for example, some farmers appear to have switched from growing legal crops to cannabis cultivation in order to supply a stable income.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "During this period, the most significant drug arrest by Lebanese authorities in Bekaa was Hassan Daqou, also known as the “King of Captagon”. Reports claim that Daqou was involved with Hezbollah, conducting business in Tufail, a town that overlap the border with Syria and is controlled by Hezbollah. Daqou was turned over to the Lebanese army because of official allegations for establishing a Captagon laboratory in the area and overseeing a smuggling network sending pills to Greece and Saudi Arabia.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s (UNODC) 2016 World Drug Report explains, that although Lebanon is a significant and ongoing drug state, it only represents a fraction of the global market these day. Reports show that during the period 2009-2014 the world’s largest producer of cannabis resin continues to be Morocco, followed by Afghanistan and, to a lesser extent, Lebanon, India and Pakistan. The finding is echoed in the 2016 EU Drug Markets Report, with the 2016 US State Department International Narcotics Control Strategy. The Report mentioned Lebanon only as a hashish “transit point” and not a producer.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "A draft report on the Ministry of Public Health’s (MoPH) website titled “Inter-Ministerial Substance Use Response Strategy for Lebanon 2016-2021” claims that “increasing amounts of heroin are also being illegally cultivated in the Bekaa.” However, the police say opium production has mostly stopped: “There are some opium fields, but we are eradicating them as quickly as possible. Opium production in Lebanon is not a thing.” United Nations (UN), US, and European Union (EU) reports make no mention of opium or heroin production in Lebanon. The US report says heroin is trafficked through Lebanon (without mentioning an origin or destination for the illicit substance) 30 while the UN only mentions Lebanon as a traffic point for South American cocaine destined for the region and the rest of Asia.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "According to a report released July 2023 by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and the German federal criminal police office (BKA), traffickers are increasingly using European countries to transport Captagon tablets from the Middle East to the Arabian Peninsula. The report adds that the extensive drug flow challenges European authorities attempts for dismantling trafficking networks and preventing the distribution of prohibited substances. In addition, the financial gains from drug trade contribute to international crime and may be linked to broader criminal operations.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "The EEMCDDA 2023 report revealed that an average of 127 million tablets were seized in European countries, with the largest seizure recorded in 2020 in Italy. In addition, Dutch authorities have reported discovering one or two large Captagon production sites in the Netherlands, producing annually.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "The report claims that the production and trafficking of Captagon is almost always linked to Syrian and Lebanese nationals who visit or live in European countries. The report makes note that European drug related criminals do not seem to be involved.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "The majority of captagon is reported to being produced and trafficked from Syria and Lebanon. Their main consumer market in are Gulf nations.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Drug trafficking is often transferred in shipping containers, hidden among licit goods. When moved from countries within the region, and from the region to other drug markets trafficking will usually be by intermodal containers. Intermodal containers usually contain Captagon from Syria and Lebanon and cannabis from Lebanon, Morocco and Syria.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "In contrast, when Drugs are trafficked into the ENP-South region, records mostly uncovered large volumes of cocaine shipped from South America or diverted pharmaceuticals shipped from South Asia. In addition, trafficking by commercial air and maritime transport is generally associated with smaller volumes, but a wider variety, of illicit drugs.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "In 2021, the inspection on drug trade from Lebanon increased, leading a war on drugs. Hezbollah's alleged involvement in smuggling operations, along with the broader challenges facing Lebanon, strained the relationship with Gulf nations. The ban on Lebanese agricultural products by Saudi Arabia.", "title": "Drug trafficking methods and impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "The post-2000 period witnessed the rise of Hezbollah and its alleged involvement in drug smuggling. Although sources say their involvement In the drug industry dates back to the 1990s, several years after armed Lebanese Shiite factions united under the Hezbollah banner to fight Israel. According to current and former U.S. law enforcement officials, the group had historical ties to the illegal drug trade in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, with drug money becoming an early and significant source of income for them. In this period, the organization, facing financial pressures due to sanctions and political crises in Lebanon, turned to the illicit drug trade as a significant revenue source. Hezbollah's smuggling activities extended beyond drugs, involving Lebanon's subsidized resources like flour and fuel.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "The first distinct drug trade by Hezbollah was done in the early 2000’s, revealed by authorities who learnt of the international cocaine and money laundering led by Hezbollah financier, Chekry Harb. Quickly Hezbollah links were extended and identifies in Paraguay, Venezuela, Ecuador Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil and Chile.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "Following Hezbollah’s substantial losses in the 2006 war with Israel, according to U/S officials, Hezbollah received pharmaceutical equipment from Iran to produce illicit Captagon although the drug has been banned for being highly addictive, Hezbollah continues to provide the Captagon drug in Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley. Following the eruption of Syria’s civil war (2011), some manufacturing facilities relocated to Syria, where they could operate without threat of interference from Lebanese or international law enforcement.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "A document recording a 2013 congress meeting criminalizing Hezbollah was released. In November 2011, The Lebanese drug lord, Ayman Joumaa, was arrested in the United States following allegations he was smuggling cocaine and laundering money that benefitted Hezbollah. As much as $200 million a month was laundered through his network, which included criminal associates and corrupt businesses in Colombia, the United States, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela, and Lebanon. The document claims that Hezbollah’s activities in recent years is a result of the involvement of Iran, specifically by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and the Quds Force. The Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper, described the Hezbollah–Iran relationship as \"a partnership agreement, with the Iranians as the senior partner.''", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "In addition, according the 2013 document, Hezbollah has been accused of attempted laundering of approximately $70 million from Venezuela to Germany in January 2013. The documents add their running of training camps and international narcotics smuggling operations in Venezuela, Bolivia, Honduras, Nicaragua, and even Mexico. The IRGC, Quds Force, and Hezbollah don't have to go it alone. They maintain lots of friends and allies in the world. The Venezuelans under the Chavez regime serve as one of the Iranians' closest allies. Venezuela considered a close Hezbollah ally according to the report helped them launder hundreds of millions of dollars a year and smuggle narcotics to the United States and even European markets.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "US and European drug agencies are convinced that Hezbollah profits from the drug trade. Europol issued a report in 2020 cautioning that Hezbollah members were using European cities as a base for trading in “drugs and diamonds” and to launder the profits. In 2018, the US State Department named Hezbollah among the top five global criminal organizations.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "The DEA claimed to have uncovered an international drug trafficking industry worth millions of dollars linking Hezbollah, the Lebanese militant group, with Latin American cartels. They claim that these ties are directly responsible for supplying large quantities of cocaine to the European and United States drug markets.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "A statement released by the agency claims that members of the militant group have been arrested by the DEA on suspicion of using money from the sale of cocaine in the United States and Europe to buy weapons in Syria. They claim that those arrested include leaders of the network's European cell, who were taken into custody. Among them was Mohamad Noureddine, who the DEA accuses of being a Lebanese money launderer for Hezbollah's financial arm.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "A study by two scholars regarding Hezbollah’s interference in global drug dealing was published in April 2023. According to the study, Hezbollah played a significant role in international drug trafficking and dealing over the years. Hezbollah cooperated with the South American cartel and trafficking drugs within the Triple Frontier (where Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay meet) manufactured along the Syrian-Lebanese border.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "On May 12, 2023, Hezbollah secretary general Hassan Nasrallah, denied the organization's involvement in international drug trafficking. In addition, he claimed Hezbollah helped the Lebanese authorities deal with local drug dealers.", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "According the CSAG 2023 Information Paper, in contrast to Hezbollah’s denial of drug trafficking and dealing, Hezbollah has become a leading drug producer, procurer and exporter worldwide. A senior FDD fellow, Emanuele Ottolengi, stated that “Over the past decades, Hezbollah has built a well-oiled, multibillion-dollar money-laundering and drug-trafficking machine in Latin America that cleans organized crime’s ill-gotten gains through multiple waypoints in the Western hemisphere, West Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. As Treasury’s designation of the Akil family shows, the networks involved are part terror and part crime.”", "title": "Hezbollah’s involvement in the drug industry" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Umashankar Pandey (born 5 February 1971) is an Indian social worker who is known for his work and contributions to groundwater conservation. He launched the 'Khet mein Med, Med Par Ped (Trees on weirs in farms)' campaign in 2005, to conserve water by constructing bunds in the fields. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian government in 2023 for his contributions to social work.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Uma Shankar Pandey led a community-driven initiative to address the water problem in the village. Without government assistance, he advocated for traditional water conservation methods, encouraging residents of Bundelkhand to construct bunds in fields to capture rainwater and plant trees along them. In September 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also praised his campaign in the Mann Ki Baat program.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He is from Jakhni village in the Bundelkhand region, situated in the Banda district of Uttar Pradesh. In UP villages, he is referred to as the Pani Ke Pehredar (Guardian of Water).", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In June 1995, he began working on water conservation in Jakhni village with the community. Pandey is known for his efforts to save water in Bundelkhand through Medbandi (bund making) technique. The Prime Minister has also called on the country to adopt Medbandi.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2015 and 2016, as part of the Jal Kranti Abhiyan, the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, established 1050 water villages based on the Jakhni Model developed by Umashankar Pandey. His innovative water conservation methods contributed to a notable rise in the water level in the Banda district, reaching 1 meter 34 cm. He worked on water conservation in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. The NITI Aayog recognized Jakhani as a successful example of traditional community-based water conservation, achieved without government support. In April 2022, he was made a member of the Ground Water Conservation Committee of NITI Aayog, which was constituted under the chairmanship of Narendra Modi.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He received the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award in India, for his contributions to social work.", "title": "Awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2020, Umashankar Pandey received the Jal Yodha Samman, a national award from the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, presented by Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu in the presence of Union Jal Shakti Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat. The same year brought recognition from the United Nations in the form of the Water Digester Award, presented by the Jal Shakti Minister. In 2019, Union Jal Shakti Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat honored him with the Rashtriya Jal Prahari Samman. In 2015, Umashankar Pandey was awarded the Vidya Bhushan Award by the Director of the Sanskrit Research Institute.", "title": "Awards" } ]

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