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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rajab Butt is a Pakistani actor, model, Tik Toker and YouTuber. He is living in Lahore, Pakistan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Butt is starting videos with his mother in the beginning. Rajab makes funny videos with his mother. He also has a YouTube channel and other social media accounts.", "title": "TikTok" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Butt made his acting debut with Rani (2017 Pakistani TV Series on Geo Entertainment .", "title": "Acting Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Butt made his first YouTube video on His channel on June 11, 2023.", "title": "YouTube" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Edna Lillian Nelson, born Edna Lillian Smith (1896–1948) was an Australian medical practitioner. She specialised in venereal diseases in the women's hospital in Sydney.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nelson was born in Candelo in New South Wales in 1896. Her English immigrant parents were Lillian (born Cordingly) and Wright Smith. She was their fifth child. Her father was a teacher and she attended Sydney Girls' High School where she excelled at botany and English. She went on to study medicine at the University of Sydney graduating with a first class degree and a prize reserved for women candidates.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She and her husband moved to Kalgoorlie in Western Australia after they married in 1924.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1936 she returned to Sydney where became the director of their venereal diseases department at the Rachel Forster Hospital. The clinic had been founded by Elsie Dalyell and Marie Montgomerie Hamilton in 1927. She left for further post-grad study in Europe in 1939. She managed to visit Copnhagen, Stockholm, Edinburgh and London but she soon returned because of the war. She made the decision that from then she wanted to work on a part-time basis. In 1943 she became a consultant. The changes required by the war were an opportunity for her. She had her own practise and in 1941 she started to treat skin diseases and in 1943 she became the leading physician for this speciality.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1941 the future prime minister Ben Chifley received a united peputation from a number of women's organisations. They were encouraging him to create a tax on men who were not married. This suggestion was made in preference to a proposal to introduce a new tax on the total income of married couples. The delegation was by Jessie Street, Vivienne Newson, Erna Keighley and Nelson.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1942 she had made the comment that men returning from the middle east to Australia were infecting women with sexually transnitted diseases. She was treating women with these diseases. The Daily examiner reported an \"Army spokesman\" who said that there was \"no evidence\" and he assured the paper that the arny took the greatest care to prevent men becoming infected. The story in the press was titled \"Not Supported\".", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Nelson died in 1948 in Sydney Hospital. She was survived by her husband, William Thomas Nelson, and their four sons.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nico Rios is an American politician. He has served as a representative for the 23rd district in the North Dakota House of Representatives since 2023, alongside Scott Dyk.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On December 15, 2023, Rios was pulled over at around 11:30 p.m. after he failed to stay in his lane. In a police report, he was noted as being \"verbally abusive, homophobic, racially abusive and discriminatory\" toward an officer.", "title": "Arrest" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Rios was charged with driving under the influence and refusing to provide a chemical test. His next court date is scheduled for January 4, and a pre-trial conference is scheduled for February 5.", "title": "Arrest" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dharamsinghwa, also spelt as Dharmsinghwa and Dharmsinghawa, is a town and a newly formed Nagar Panchayat in the Sant Kabir Nagar district of the Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is situated about 40 kilometres north of the district headquarters, Khalilabad. The town is known for its Kushan-era Buddhist Stupa.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The town has 15 wards and 20 neighbourhoods. The Nagar Panchayat office is being made in one of the town’s neighbourhoods, Sewaichpar.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "There are no national or state highways that pass through the town, but nearby cities and towns such as Belauha Bazaar, Mehdawal, Bansi and Dhani are connected through local roads. The nearest railway stations are in Siddharth Nagar and Khalilabad.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Floor is an upcoming American game show that was developed based on a Dutch game show of the same name that premiered in 2023. The US series is hosted by Rob Lowe and will premiere on January 2, 2024 on FOX.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The capture of Palermo by the Zirids in 1036 marked a pivotal moment, establishing their suzerainty over the island. This clash unfolded between the Kalbid Emir Ahmad ben Yousouf Al Akhal, the reigning sovereign of the island, and the forces dispatched by the Zirid Emir Al Muiz Ibn Badis. This event transpired within the backdrop of the Kalbid dynasty's decline, plagued by repeated setbacks in their encounters with the Byzantines.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Kalbid power in Sicily increasingly faces challenges and internal divisions following its failures against the Byzantines in Calabria. The Zirid ruler, Al Muiz, closely monitors this former Fatimid possession, harboring aspirations to replicate the achievements of the Aghlabids and conquer it. Towards the end of Badis' reign (around 1014-1015), Gafar, the son of the Kalbid Emir Yusuf, reportedly deported all the Berbers on the island to Ifriqiya, suspecting their support for a deposed claimant named Ali. In the aftermath of a rebellion erupting in Palermo in 1019, Yusuf and his son Gafar flee to Egypt, relinquishing control of Sicily to the hands of Emir Ahmad ben Yousouf, known as \"Al Akhal.\" Al Akhal successfully counteracts Christian incursions, eventually securing recognition of his authority from all the fortresses in Sicily. Despite attempting to align with the Sicilians against the Africans, this strategy fails, prompting him to adopt the opposite approach. The \"Africans\" agree to support him in exchange for tax exemptions, infuriating the Sicilians. They approach Al Muiz, urging his intervention, threatening to surrender their island to the Christians if he does not intervene.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Following this initiative, which took place during the Hijri year 427, spanning from November 5, 1035, to October 24, 1036, the Zirids launch an expedition comprising 3,000 cavalry and 3,000 infantry, including reinforcements of Sanhadja Hammadid troops. Al Muiz entrusts the leadership of the campaign to his son, Abdallah, who triumphs, enters Palermo, and besieges Al Akhal in his palace at Al Halisa. Betrayed by pro-Zirid Sicilians, Al Akhal meets his demise, and his head is sent to Al Muiz.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Within a span of a few years, if not mere months, the island's inhabitants plot against the Zirids, sparking a revolt that inflicts losses amounting to 300 men on the Zirid contingent. Faced with this upheaval, the Zirids are compelled to withdraw to Ifriqiya, leaving the island in a state of anarchy.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Subsequent to an attempted Kalbid restoration, the island descends into an era of fragmented lordships or \"caïdats.\"", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lady Superstar is the nickname of various female celebrities in Indian cinema, including:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saludo al presidente is a 1921 oil on canvas painting by Peruvian artist Daniel Hernández Morillo. It is part of the collection of the Museum [es] of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru in Lima. Its dimensions are 161 cm high and 259 cm wide.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The painting represents a moment from the reception ceremony of the foreign delegations at the Government Palace for the celebrations of the Centennial of the Independence of Peru. The characters that appear in the painting are:", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In reality it is an idealized picture, because no such event existed, the delegations attended President Leguía's house separately, and Charles Manguin did not arrive in time to join the French delegation during the presentations.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Renata Maria Grzegorczykowa (born June 19, 1931) is a Polish philologist and an expert in polonist linguistics.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "During her career, professor Grzegorczykowa has published more than 200 scientific papers as well as several books.", "title": "Studies and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Grzegorczykowa graduated from the University of Warsaw, where she was a student of professor Witold Doroszewski. She has been professionally involved with the University of Warsaw since 1956.", "title": "Studies and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Sources" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship is scheduled to be the 21st staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2004. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 14 December 2023. The championship is scheduled to run from August to October 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Relegated from the Cork Senior A Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Promoted from the Cork Intermediate A Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Promoted to the Cork Senior A Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Relegated to the Cork Intermediate A Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Knockout stage", "title": "Group A" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Knockout stage", "title": "Group B" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Knockout stage", "title": "Group C" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Liqun Zhang is the president of South China University of Technology.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Zhang obtained his BS (1990), MS (1992) and PhD (1995) degrees from Beijing University of Chemical Technology. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Akron from 1990 to 2000. He held a postdoctoral position at Case Western Reserve University from 2000 to 2001.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Zhang has been a professor at the College of Materials Science and Engineering (CMSE) at BUCT since 1995, and College Dean since 2016.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He accepted a position as president of SCUT in 2021. During his tenure, the university has established partnerships with BASF, with NTU Singapore, with Mahidol University.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Zhang is a member of the editorial board of the scientific journal Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His most cited work concerns the application of a Halloysite clay nanotube to achieve a delayed release of antioxidants in a rubber compound, thus achieving an enhancement to anti-ageing properties.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mari Lloyd-Williams FLSW FRCP is a Welsh nurse who specialises in palliative care. She taught at the University of Liverpool for more than two decades before moving to Liverpool John Moores University in 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mari Lloyd-Williams was born to Margaret Winter Davies and county councillor Lloyd Williams. She was educated at Leicester Medical School. In 2000, she became a Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer for the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and LOROS Hospice after completing her palliative medicine training with them. In 2002, she moved to the University of Liverpool, where she became a Senior Lecturer and was later granted a personal chair at the School of Population, Community and Behavioural Sciences in 2003. In 2022, she moved to Liverpool John Moores University and became Professor of Palliative and Supportive Care. She also holds an honorary consultant position in palliative medicine with the Marie Curie Hospice, Liverpool and the Liverpool clinical commissioning group.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As an academic, Lloyd-Williams specialises in palliative care. Among her work in palliative care includes the leadership of a project involving more than a hundred elderly people in a rural village. With the support of the The Prince's Countryside Fund, she was granted a Churchill Fellowship in 2019 for the purposes of traveling to the Faroe Islands and Ireland to \"[develop] volunteer-led palliative care facilities in rural communities\". She told the Denbighshire Free Press that she would use the Fellowship funds for a visit to Giljagarður, an elderly community in the Faroese town of Leirvík.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She was elected Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales in 2011. She is also a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 season is FC Pro Vercelli 1892's 132nd season in existence and sixth consecutive in the Serie C. They are also competing in the Coppa Italia Serie C.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Win Draw Loss Fixtures", "title": "Pre-season and friendlies" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Last updated: September 2023 Source: Soccerway", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Last updated: 22 December 2023. Source: Worldfootball", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The league fixtures were unveiled on 7 August 2023.", "title": "Competitions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mouse Trap is a platform video game written by Dave Mann (using the pseudonym Chris Robson) and published by Tynesoft in 1986 for the Acorn Electron and BBC Micro home computers. A year later the game was ported to other home computers such as Atari 8-bit, Atari ST, Amiga and Commodore 64.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the game, the player takes on the role of a mouse named Marvin, who must complete 21 stages fraught with traps to reach a piece of cheese. The player must collect all the items (varying from cakes to balloons) from the level within a certain time, which will open an exit to which they must go to complete the level. Along the way, the player must avoid contact with moving (and stationary) objects (except platforms and elevators) and falling from too high a height, resulting in loss of life and restarting the level.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The in-game music is Golliwogg's Cakewalk from Children's Corner Suite, composed by Claude Debussy.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mouse Trap received very mixed reviews. In the review for Aktueller Software Markt, Michael Kohl found the game's graphics \"colorful and pretty to look at\". He concluded his review by recommending Mouse Trap to every Amiga user. Raze magazine reviewer stated that the game featured \"dated graphics and poor sound\" and gave the game a rating of 37%.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sol Kreiner is a retired South African politician that served as Mayor of Cape Town between 1983-1985. At the time of his inauguration, he was the city's second-youngest mayor. His late brother, Louis Kreiner (1928-1994) also served as Mayor of Cape Town between 1979-1981.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born and raised Grabouw in the Cape Province in a Jewish family in Cape Town. His late grandfather, Eliezer had been a rabbi in Poland. His father Chaim was deeply involved in the local Jewish community in Grabouw and held Shabbat services at the family home for the seven other Jewish families living in the town. Kreiner is fluent in Afrikaans from having attended an Afrikaans-language school, he also attended Herzlia as a boarder, a Jewish school in Cape Town. Prior to his entry into politics, he was the owner and director of a textile distribution company.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He entered political life in 1976 as a ward councilor for Cape Town's Ward 8, where he represented Woodstock, District Six, Walmer Estate and Salt River.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During his political career in Cape Town he was very involved in the urban renewal of run-down areas of the city. In 1983 he succeeded in convincing the national government to provide low-interest loans to homeowners to improve their homes. Prior to becoming Mayor of Cape Town, he served as Deputy Mayor. A year into his mayoral term in 1984, he told The New York Times that Cape Town was more racially inclusive than the country at large: \"We as a Council have never erected an apartheid notice board... Our position is that all our amenities are open to all people.\" Kreiner had previously appealed for Woodstock Hospital to retain it's access to all races.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After his mayoral term he attended several tours of the United States on behalf of the South African government, where he spoke to Jewish audiences about political reforms that were underway in apartheid-era South Africa.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He is married to Brenda Shap and they have three children together; Howard, Steven and Caryn. He has since emigrated to the United States with his wife, and they live in Chicago.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 Plateau State massacres were a series of armed attacks occurring between 23–25 December 2023 in Plateau State in central Nigeria. They impacted at least 17 rural communities in the Nigerian local government areas of Bokkos and Barkin Ladi, resulting in at least 200 deaths and injuries to more than 500 people, as well as significant property damage. Although no group claimed responsibility for the attacks, they are believed to have been committed by Fulani militias.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Plateau State is in Nigeria's Middle Belt and has a history of ethnic and religious conflicts, mainly between Muslim Fulani herders and Christian farmers. The bandit conflict began in 2011 as a result of disagreements over land ownership and grazing rights between the herders and farmers. Banditry and insecurity are exacerbated by Nigeria's high fertility rate (5.3 as of 2023), with the large youth population suffering from unemployment and underemployment that makes them susceptible to radicalism and banditry. Climate change and the expansion of agriculture also lead to increased conflict. Previous attacks occurred in the region in April 2022 and May 2023.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Miyetti Allah (MACBAN), an advocacy group for Fulani interests, accused state security personnel of colluding with farmers to attack Fulani herders. Muhammed Nuru Abdullahi, the state chairman of the MACBAN, claimed the violence began with a failed act of \"cattle rustling\" against Fulani on 23 December, where three cattle breeders were killed and the theft of 181 cows was attempted, and that 130 houses were burned in several Fulani villages on 24 December. He recommended that \"in order to end the incessant clashes between farmers and herders, the Federal Government should establish ranches in Plateau State and other states of the Federation for animal husbandry.\"", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At least 17 rural communities in the regions of Bokkos and Barkin Ladi were attacked on 23 and 24 December, leaving at least 200 people dead and over 500 wounded. The attackers, who used guns and machetes, burned houses and other property. No group has claimed responsibility for the attacks. Since 2014, attacks on Hausa farmers in the region have been blamed on \"semi-nomadic Fulani herders\" who have \"long complained that farmers are taking over grazing lands crucial to their survival\".", "title": "Attacks" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Nigerian Army began \"clearance operations\" to find suspects in the attacks afterwards. Some victims reported that it took more than twelve hours for the security forces to respond after the attacks.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The attacks prompted outrage, with residents demanding justice and government protection. Governor Caleb Mutfwang condemned the violence. His response faced criticism, and Amnesty International called for an independent investigation. The international community, including the United Nations, African Union, European Union, and the United States, expressed condemnation and offered support.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After the attacks, photos of the 2022 Owo church attack circulated on social media with miscaptioned labels suggesting they were from the massacres in Plateau State.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lucy Perkins Carner (November 30, 1886 – February 20, 1983) was an American sociologist, civil rights activist and pacifist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Carner was born in York, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Albert Bigelow Carner and Mary Hannah Perkins Carner. Her father taught mathematics. She graduated from Bryn Mawr College in 1908, and earned a master's degree in sociology from Columbia University in 1924, with a thesis paper titled \"Unionizing New York City Women Office Workers.\" She also studied at the University of Chicago in the 1930s.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "\"Miss Lucy P. Carner is one of the outstanding leaders of the professional staff of the National Board of the Y.W.C.A.,\" reported a Pennsylvania newspaper in 1936. She was executive secretary of the National Industrial Department and of the National Service Division of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). She was based in Chicago from 1937 to 1952, as head of the education and recreation divisions of the Welfare Council of Metropolitan Chicago. After 1952, she lived in Philadelphia, where she was an adjunct professor at her alma mater, Bryn Mawr College.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Carner served on the boards of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, American Friends Service Committee, the Fellowship of Reconciliation, the War Resisters League, and the United World Federalists. She was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the National Women's Trade Union League of America, and the NAACP. She was blacklisted as a speaker by the Daughters of the American Revolution. She participated in sit-ins with the Congress on Racial Equality in the 1940s. Into her eighties, she was active in protests against war.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Carner was a Quaker. She moved into a Quaker retirement home in Germantown in 1972, and she died there in 1983, at the age of 96. Her papers are in the Swarthmore College Peace Collection.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Cork Intermediate A Hurling Championship is scheduled to be the fifth staging of the Cork Intermediate A Hurling Championship and the 115th staging overall of a championship for lower-ranking intermediate hurling teams in Cork. The draw for the group stage placings took place on 14 December 2023. The championship is scheduled to run from August to October 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Relegated from the Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Promoted from the Cork Premier Junior Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Promoted to the Cork Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Relegated to the Cork Premier Junior Hurling Championship", "title": "Team changes" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Knockout stage", "title": "Group A" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Knockout stage", "title": "Group B" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Knockout stage", "title": "Group C" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marcin Przeciszewski (born 29 September 1958 in Warsaw) is a Polish historian, journalist and Catholic activist. Since 1993 he has been president of the Catholic Information Agency.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Since 1993, Przeciszewski has been the editor-in-chief and the president of the Catholic Information Agency (KAI).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Media related to Marcin Przeciszewski at Wikimedia Commons", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mieke Marple (born 1986) is an American artist and writer based in Los Angeles, California.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Marple was born in Mountain View, CA, and grew up in Palo Alto in the heart of Silicon Valley. She received a BA in Fine Art from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 2008.", "title": "Early Life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Marple began her artist career as an intern at Blum & Poe and David Zwirner galleries. She worked as an artist assistant for the artist Karl Haendel and partnered with Davida Nemeroff on Night Gallery in 2011. While still at Night Gallery, she participated in art fairs like Frieze New York, Frieze London, Art Basel Hong Kong, and NADA Miami, and worked with artists like Sterling Ruby, Laura Owens, Samara Golden, and Josh Kline, among others.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2014, Marple founded \"Sexy Beast\", a fundraiser for Planned Parenthood LA (PPLA), with Davida Nemeroff.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Marple's art often combines new technologies, such as AR and NFTs, with more traditional practices to create emotionally evocative experiences. Her artwork has been exhibited at MOCA Westport, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Zagreb, Croatia, the Seattle NFT Museum and other arts galleries and platforms. Her work has been featured in The New York Times,The Guardian, Autre, Fortune Magazine, White Hot Magazine, Flaunt, and some others.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "As a writer, Marple has published articles about arts and other topics with The Huffington Post, Zyzzyva, Lit Hub,ArtNews, Artsy and other media platforms.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bayesian persuasion is a kind of mechanism design setting. One person (called the \"sender\") wants to persuade another person (the \"receiver\") to do a certain action that is beneficial for the sender, by sending a certain signal about the state of the world. The receiver is assumed to be rational and to follow the Bayes' rule when revising his belief about the state of the world. The model was introduced by Kamenica and Gentzkow.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kamenica and Gentzkow use the following example. The sender is a medicine company, and the receiver is the regulator. The company produces a new medicine, and needs the approval of the regulator. There are two possible states of the world: the medicine can be either \"good\" or \"bad\". The company and the regulator do not know the true state. However, the company can run an experiment and report the results to the regulator. The question is what experiment should it run in order to get the best outcome? The assumptions are:", "title": "Example" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "For the sake of example, suppose the prior probability that the medicine is good is 1/3. Consider the following three options for the company:", "title": "Example" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In this case, the optimal policy for the sender is policy 3. Using the Bayes rule, the sender has managed to persuade the receiver to act in a favorable way for the sender.", "title": "Example" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Camara, Hartline and Johnsen extend the model by removing the assumption that the sender and receiver have a common prior on the state of the world.", "title": "Extensions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Samuel H. Hoopes (July 24, 1811 – August 26, 1892) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1871.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Samuel H. Hoopes was born on July 24, 1811, Chester, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Hoopes was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1871.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He worked as a farmer. In 1891, he was a director of the National Bank of Chester County.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hoopes died on August 26, 1892, in Chester. He was buried at London Grove Friends Burial Ground in Kennett Square.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "El Funoun Palestinian Popular Dance Troupe (فرقة الفنون الشعبية الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian dance troupe that was established in 1979. They are also called El Funoun Palestinian Popular Dance Troupe. They currently are based in Ramallah and have a direct mission to “resist the genocide of their people and culture.” As of 2021, the dance troupe has between 50 and 230 volunteer members of men women and children. Their members are also both Muslim and Christian. El Funoun translates to ‘The Art’ in Arabic.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Through the choreography of their dances, they aim to represent Arab-Palestinian traditions. While they perform Dabke, a traditional folkloric dance, they also choreograph different types of dance that also encompass their mission to share their vision of Palestinian dance. Their dances have roots in traditional dances that historically were performed at celebrations and weddings and adapts them for the current context. They aim to appeal to the younger audiences as well and in doing so bring Palestianian culture into the present and let it evolve. They aim to preserve and engage with Palestinian history and traditions through dance and choreography and through performance. Their work in preserving Palestinian culture and creating spaces for Palestinians to engage with their traditional culture and dance through performances, is in opposition to Israeli suppression of Palestinian expression since the Nakba in 1948.", "title": "Goals/Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "El Funoun's first performance was at the Dabke Festival in Birzeit University in 1979. Since 1979, El Funoun has performed over 1,000 times at various venues and festivals, as well as produced shows that bring traditional Palestinian folkloric dance with contemporary dance. From 1992 to 1999 El Funoun dance troupe performed at the Palestine International Festival. In 1997, the dance troupe received the Palestine Award for Popular Folklore.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1986 El Funoun established the “Palestinian Folklore Day”, which is an annual celebration that happens every year on October 7 and is celebrated all over Palestine. The dance troupe was also instrumental in establishing the Popular Arts Centre (PAC) in Al-Bireh in the West Bank, which aims to raise awareness about the arts and create opportunities for community members to participate in the arts.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "El Funoun is popular in Palestine and in previous performances would have between 1,000 and 3,000 people at their performances. During COVID-19, they did virtual dance performances.", "title": "Performances" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "40°38′28″N 111°31′42″W / 40.64117482868444°N 111.52830351284183°W / 40.64117482868444; -111.52830351284183", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Quicksilver Gondola is a gondola located in Park City, Utah. Constructed by Doppelmayr in 2015, the gondola carries eight people per cabin and has a length of roughly 1.5 miles. It was part of a $50 million dollar expansion program that merged the once-separate Park City Mountain and Canyons Resorts under Vail Resorts. The merger made Park City the largest lift-service ski resort in the United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Before 2015, Park City Mountain Resort and the Canyons Resort were separate, with Powdr Corporation and Vail Resorts owning the two resorts respectively. However, after Powdr failing to renew its lease on Park City Mountain and a legal battle with Vail and Talisker Corporation (The entity that owned the land that Park City Mountain was operating on), Vail acquired Park City Mountain for $182.5 million dollars. The company then developed plans for a $50 million dollar renovation project of Park City Mountain, that, among other upgrades would merge Park City Mountain and the Canyons via the Quicksilver Gondola. After construction by Doppelmayr completed in 2015, Park City transformed into the largest lift-serviced ski resort in the United States.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bernard Gloster (born 1965/1966) is an Irish public servant who has served as chief executive of the Health Service Executive since March 2023. He previously was chief executive of Tusla from 2019 to 2023, and before that chief officer of the HSE Mid-West.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1989, Gloster took a temporary job for two months as a caretaker in the Southill Health Centre in Limerick. Originally trained as a social care worker, he was a senior health manager in acute and community care for 16 years. Gloster holds an MBA from Oxford Brookes University and an MSc in Management Practice from University College Cork. He spent more than 30 years working in the health service and has held several senior management positions, including nine years as chief officer of HSE Mid-West Community Healthcare.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 28 June 2019, Gloster was appointed chief executive of child and family agency Tusla and took up the position in September that year.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On 16 December 2022, Gloster was appointed chief executive of the Health Service Executive following the departure of Paul Reid. He took up the position on 6 March 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Gloster was born in Clare Street in Limerick. He currently resides with his family in Kildimo, County Limerick.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The World Anti-imperialist Platform (WAP) is an international anti-imperialist organization launched on October 14, 2022. Its main objective is to coordinate efforts against imperialism, focusing particularly on current geopolitical conflicts such as the Russo-Ukrainian War and potential conflicts involving China and Taiwan, and North Korea and South Korea.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "WAP was founded in 2022 with the belief that Russia and China are not imperialist powers. They view these countries as not engaged in wars of dominance or colonization, and see the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict as a proxy war against Russia by imperialist powers. WAP's stance sets it apart from groups like the Communist Party of Greece and European Communist Action, as well as most parties in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP), which have characterized the war as \"interimperialist\". On October 14, 2022, WAP launched its program with the Paris Declaration, signed initially by 8 parties. This declaration represents the platform's foundational beliefs and goals. In 2023, WAP hosted the antiwar conference with the São Paulo Forum in Caracas and organized a mass demonstration. They also held the Seoul International Conference in South Korea, where the Seoul Declaration was read, highlighting concerns about the rising tide of global war in East Asia.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On October 14, 2022, the platform launched its program, known as the Paris Declaration. On this date, the declaration was signed by 25 parties.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On March 4, 2023, the platform hosted an antiwar conference with the São Paulo Forum. A mass demonstration was organized by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, and simultaneous demonstrations took place around the world.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On May 15, 2023, the platform held the Seoul International Conference in South Korea. The Seoul Declaration, concerning the rising tide of global war in east Asia, was read by Joti Brar, vice-chair of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) (CPGB-ML) and spokesperson for the platform. The third congress of the People's Democracy Party was held at the same time, receiving greetings from the Russian Communist Workers’ Party, the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, and the CPGB-ML.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Some Marxist-Leninist critics argue that WAP lacks a Leninist understanding of imperialism. They accuse WAP of being selective in its anti-imperialist stance, focusing more on the form rather than the nature of imperialism. Critics also point out that WAP views the primary contradiction in the world today as being between the US-led NATO and humanity, ignoring the class struggle and contradictions within capitalist systems.", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Other problematic issues, according to comrade Ivan Pinheiro, former General Secretary of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), are:", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "As can be seen from the list of organizations participating in the platform, not only the parties of this revolutionary camp are missing from [the platform], nor do the overwhelming majority of the parties that make up the International Communist Movement, including those that, despite our differences, deserve respect for their trajectories and the political weight they still enjoy in their respective countries. There are parties that only attended one of the first meetings, probably to find out about it, and never returned. In our country, apart from the PCB, the only other party that has participated in the WAP is the PCdoB.", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "By the way, the evidence that all the airfare and accommodation costs of the delegates from the organizations attending these meetings are fully covered by their main stakeholders and the frenetic pace of a world event on average every two months, on different continents, should serve as food for thought and study as to what the primary reason is for the creation and financing of this platform, which is oriented against Marxism-Leninism and in uncritical and unrestricted defense of the strategic interests of powers competing for world hegemony in the imperialist chain, of which they are a part.", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Another aspect that needs to be considered is the risk that the initiative to create this eclectic platform could consolidate into a kind of anti-imperialist international (selective and, as we have seen, not so much anti-capitalist), which could end up resulting in a split in the International Communist Movement.", "title": "Criticism" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "David ben Yisrael Moshe Polus (1893 – January 5, 1975) was an Israeli sculptor who wandered between from town to town in the land of Israel, and resided wherever he sculpted.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Polus grew up in Warsaw, the capital of Poland. According to Alkhani and Friedlander, in his youth in Warsaw, he was a diligent yeshiva student, deeply engaged in studying Talmudic pages. In the yeshiva, he used to decorate the hall in honor of completing a tractate of the Talmud, and from there, his inclination for sculpture emerged. He immigrated to the Land of Israel during the Fourth Aliya on the ship \"Romania\" as a pioneer in August 1924. In a poem he wrote in Yiddish in the 1920s, he stated, among other things: \"A pioneer arose and ascended... Talent is your property.\"", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Polus was a member of the Labor Battalion and the excavation group of Yitzhak Sadeh. His first sculpture in the Land of Israel was unveiled while he was in the Labor Battalion in Migdal Tzedek: a bust of Aharon David Gordon. In February 1932, Paulus sent a proposal, published in the newspaper \"Davar,\" to the management of the \"Yerid Hamizrach\" exhibition. According to the proposal, a sculpture competition would be announced, and the best works would be displayed in the exhibition, providing an incentive for artistic creation.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Polus used to wander throughout the country. He lived in various kibbutzim and sculpted in them in exchange for a livelihood only, without additional pay. This was the case in Ramat David, Tel Yosef, Beit Oren, and Ramat Rachel. According to a document in the state archives dated September 22, 1936, Polus, registered as a teacher, resided on Herzl Street in Tel Aviv (then the Mahlul neighborhood), near the Delphinar-Yochananoff Silk Weaving and Dyeing Factory. He had a shack where he used to isolate himself and plan new works. Later on, he moved to Jerusalem and lived in the last twenty years of his life in another shack, in the heart of the Jerusalem Forest near the Ein Kerem neighborhood.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1940 he sculpted the Alexander Zaid memorial near Beit Shearim.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Polus passed away, unmarried and childless in Jerusalem in 1975.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Several of his works were of the realist style. Among these there are visual motifs depicting the rise of the Jewish people in their land. Polus used locally available, relatively simple and inexpensive materials such as concrete, plaster on lattice, and iron rods. This led to increased decay in his sculptures, requiring constant maintenance. During his time, Polus reinforced them himself. Over the years, some have been renovated, while others have withstood the test of time.", "title": "Artistic style" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Between 1967 and 1971, Polus corresponded extensively with the office of the then-President Zalman Shazar, hoping that it would assist him in his future artistic endeavors.", "title": "Selected works" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "David Polus – A Wandering Sculptor in the Land; Research and Writing: Aviv Bari, [Ramat David: Hamo'el]; With the assistance of the KKL-JNF Institute for Settlement and Zionism Research, 2011. 115 pages.", "title": "Further reading" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Media related to David Polus at Wikimedia Commons", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "On 15 May 2018, a flyover bridge collapsed in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, killing at least 18 and injuring many.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Another Link in the Chain Tour was a worldwide concert tour by the British-American pop rock band Fleetwood Mac. The tour began on July 4, 1994, in Austin, Texas, and ended on December 31, 1995, in Las Vegas.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The band played 110 shows in 5 countries around the world.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It was noted as the only tour to feature country vocalist Bekka Bramlett (daughter of Delaney and Bonnie) and former Traffic guitarist Dave Mason. It was also the final tour to feature guitarist Billy Burnette and the first, since 1970, not to feature vocalist/keyboardist Christine McVie, who had retired from live performing but did participate on the tour's associated album, Time.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Though the tour was associated with the Time album, it featured many of the band's 1970s songs such as \"Go Your Own Way\" and \"Say You Love Me\". In a review, Richard O. Jones wrote that \"it was a good concert, and the new members adapted well to the old material, but it clearly wasn't the same.\"", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tiger Harischandra Prasad is a 2003 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by V. Samudra starring Nandamuri Harikrishna and Ramya Krishna. The film is based on the problems of peasants.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film received pre-release hype, but it was released to mixed reviews. This film marked Posani Krishna Murali's sixth collaboration with Nandamuri Harikrishna and their only unsuccessful film.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film was produced by P. Naga Lakshmi, who previously produced Aadi (2002). In October 2003, the film was shot in Chilakaluripet, Guntur (at Jinnah Tower) and Narasaraopet. As of 24 November 2003, the shooting of the film was complete except for two songs.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The soundtrack was composed by S. A. Rajkumar.", "title": "Soundtrack" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Gudipoodi Srihari of The Hindu wrote that \"Harikrishna gets a tailor made role well cut out for his style of acting, with rugged appeal. But some frivolous scenes including the comedy featuring Brahmanandam and Kovai Sarala, puts the film on a sidetrack\". Jeevi of Idlebrain.com rated the film three out of five and wrote that \"The last 20 minutes of the film is impressive. The rest of the film is narrated in old fashion. This film would take Hari Krishna close to the masses\". In a negative review, a critic from Full Hyderabad wrote that \"This might've as well been a B-grade Narayana Murthy revolutionary pain, but one doesn't associate pains with Ramya Krishna around. But that's the pain: she's hardly around. This seems like an emerging trend in Tollywood. Not Ramya Krishna's absence, but movies with social messages\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jennifer Horne is an American writer of poetry, fiction, and non-fiction who served as the Poet Laureate of Alabama from 2017 to 2021.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Horne was born in Little Rock, Arkansas. She received a BA in the Humanities from Hendrix College. At the University of Alabama, Horne has received an MA in English, an MFA in Creative Writing, and an MA in Community Counseling.", "title": "Early Life and Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Horne has published three collections of poetry: Bottle Tree, Little Wanderer, and Borrowed Light. In 2014, she published the short story collection Tell the World You’re a Wildfower. She has edited or co-edited four volumes of poetry, essays, and stories. This includes a collection of her mother's poetry Root & Plant & Bloom: Poems by Dodie Walton Horne, which she co-edited with her sister. In 2024, she published a full-length biography of Sara Mayfield, who wrote biographies of H. L. Mencken and his wife Sara Haardt and of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald. Publishers Weekly wrote: \"Well-researched and compassionately written, this beguiling tale of madness and literature shines.\"", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Her work has appeared in the journals Amaryllis, Arkansas Literary Forum, the Birmingham Arts Journal, Carolina Quarterly, Fan magazine, Lonzie's Fried Chicken, the Mars Hill Review, the New Delta Review, Noccalula, Old Red Kimono, Poets On, Sycamore Review, Thicket, and Voices International.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2018, she was the Visiting Writer-in-Residence at Lenoir-Rhyne College. Alabama governor Kay Ivey named Horne the state's poet laureate on November 1, 2017, a post Horne held until 2022. During the months of COVID-19 lockdowns, Horne posted a \"mid-week poetry break\" every Wednesday as part of her service as poet laureate.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Horne has received fellowships from the Alabama State Council on the Arts and from the Seaside Institute in Florida. In 2015 she delivered the Rhoda Ellison Lecture at Huntingdon College in Montgomery, Alabama. She has also been the recipient of the Tuscaloosa Arts Council's Druid City Literary Arts Award. In 2021 she was named the Poet of the Year by the Alabama State Poetry Society.", "title": "Awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Horne is married to writer and book critic Don Noble. They live in Cottondale, Alabama.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Celina Liebmann (born 2001) is a motorcycle speedway rider from Germany.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Liebmann, born in Wasserburg am Inn, grew up in a speedway family because her father Jürgen Liebmann was an ice speedway racer. She initially rode through the classes of 125cc and 250cc, winning the 250cc German Championship in 2016. She moved up to 500 cc in 2019 and in 2022, became the first woman to compete in a Speedway Under-21 World Championship event, when she rode in a round of the 2022 SGP2.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In December 2023, she made history by becoming the first woman to sign for a British speedway team, when agreeing a deal with the Workington Comets for the SGB Championship 2024 season.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Henry Wilkins III (January 4, 1930 – February 20, 1991) was an American politician and educator who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1973 to 1991. Alongside Richard Mays and William Townsend, he was the first African American to serve in the Arkansas Legislature since the Reconstruction era. His wife, Josetta Wilkins, and their son, Henry \"Hank\" Wilkins IV, also served as state legislators.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wilkins was a professor of political science at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Alongside lawyer Richard Mays and optometrist William Townsend, he was the first African American to serve in the Arkansas Legislature since the Reconstruction era. Wilkins was narrowly elected in 1972 to represent a Black-majority district of Jefferson County, Arkansas, in the Arkansas House of Representatives. Elected to ten consecutive terms, he served in the Arkansas House until his death in 1991. He also served as a delegate to the 1970 and the 1980 Arkansas Constitutional Conventions (he was the sole African American delegate to the 1970 convention) and co-founded the Arkansas Legislative Black Caucus in 1989. Wilkins and state senator Jerry Jewell were instrumental in the 1977 passage of legislation establishing a state civil rights commission.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Wilkins died from cancer on February 20, 1991. His wife, Josetta Wilkins, won a special election to fill the remainder of his term in the House. She was reelected four times. Their son, Henry \"Hank\" Wilkins IV, succeeded his mother in the House in 1999, serving a total of fourteen years in both houses of the Arkansas state legislature. Their daughter, Cassandra Wilkins, married Rodney E. Slater, who served as United States Secretary of Transportation under President Bill Clinton.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ajay Lobo (born 11 April 1997) is an Indian DJ, music producer and writer. He works for Bollywood film Darlings as music producer. He is also known for De Dhakka 2, Munda Hi Chahida Ram Setu (film)etc. He authored the books The Night of Mystery and Bhedbhav.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Albums" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1984 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1984 NCAA Division I-A football season. The selectors for the 1984 season included the Associated Press (AP).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Steve Banning is a character from the Mummy franchise who starred in the movies The Mummy's Hand, The Mummy's Tomb & The Mummy portrayed by Dick Foran in the former 2 and by Felix Aylmer in the latter 1.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nothing is known about Banning's early life in the Universal and Hammer Mummy films. In the Universal films, Steve had an older sister named Jane Banning and probably became an archaeologist in his early 20s and went on many famous expeditions as mentioned by Professor Andoheb in The Mummy's Hand, during those expeditions, he met and befriended fellow archaeologist Babe Jenson. After a while, he was suspended by the Scripps Museum and sent to Cairo, Egypt to search for Princess Ananka's tomb along with Babe. In the Hammer Mummy movies, Steve grew up having a cousin brother named Joseph Whemple, married an unnamed woman and had a son, John Banning, with her. After she died, Steve, Joseph & John went on an expedition to Cairo, Egypt in the year 1895 to find Princess Ananka's tomb where John sustained a leg injury.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1912, Banning and Babe are on an expedition in Cairo, Egypt, sent by the Scripps Museum to do so, at a town market, Steve finds a vase which had Princess Ananka's tomb written on it, he purchases the vase for 75 bucks, spending his last few cents on it and upsets Babe who had bought an Egyptian lucky charm doll for himself. The 2 take it to the local Cairo Museum where archaeologist Dr. Charles Petrie decides to join and create an expedition to the Hill of the 7 Jackals to search for Ananka's tomb, Steve and Babe also meet archaeologist and secret high priest Professor Andoheb who says that the vase was a total fake and breaks it purposefully but makes it accidental, saying that they wasted the money, also creating an enemy in Steve even though Dr. Petrie still decides to create and join the expedition with the 2 whilst Andoheb meets with his agent The Cairo Beggar who decides to assassinate the 2 for going to Ananka's tomb.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After that, Steve tries to find another member of the expedition who will pay the money to fund it and join them, however, he finds no luck as everybody he talks to with refuses to join the expedition or even pay money to fund it. Disappointed, him and Babe drown their sorrows in the hotel bar, in it, Babe decides to play magic games with a man, who is revealed to be famous magician Solvani who easily tricks him. After that, the 3 have a discussion at the restaurant table were Steve and Babe tell Solvani about the expedition, Solvani agrees to fund it, paying his money to them and agreeing to join the expedition, also revealing his real name to be Tim Sullivan from Brooklyn. Their conversation is cut short by Andoheb's agents led by the Beggar attacking the 3, Steve, Babe and Solvani manage to fight them and later escape the restaurant to their respective hotels. Later that night, Steve is brushing his teeth before going to bed, Babe meanwhile, is waiting outside talking to his new doll he named Poopsie until a knock comes on the door, Babe opens it and in comes Marta Sullivan/Solvani, the daughter of Solvani who points a gun at Babe because she thought that him and Steve robbed her and her father, Marta is then ready to shoot Babe until Steve takes the gun away from her from behind, hearing everything and introduces himself to her, she tells him and Babe that her and her father have no money now, that he gave their last few dollars to fund the expedition and tells them that she is going to join it along with her father to see if its an actual expedition, Steve tells her that the Cairo and Scripps Museum funded it before she leaves the room with Babe then telling Steve that now they have a \"dame\" in their expedition.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "A few days later, Steve, Babe, Marta, Solvani and Dr. Petrie embark on the expedition to the Hill of the 7 Jackals were they meet their Egyptian guide Ali and their Egyptian companions. During the search, Babe accidentally blows up a few rocks using a dynamite which opens a secret cave there, the Egyptians refuse to go in, saying that it's cursed and run away from the expedition along with Ali, leaving the main 5 Americans to go inside the cave, watched upwards by Andoheb and the Cairo Beggar. They go into the cave and instead find the tombed coffin of Kharis lying inside, shocking them and scaring Marta because of the hideous way he looks. That night, Steve, Babe and Dr. Petrie examine Kharis with the latter adding that he is an example of a mummified Egyptian former high priest, Steve examines and explains the marks on his wrappings before leaving with Babe and outside, reuniting with Ali, before the 3 could talk further, a scream comes from inside the cave causing the 3 to run inside and find the dead body of Petrie along with noticing Kharis not being on the operating table anymore, concluding that he strangled Petrie to death and escaped.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "At midnight, Marta and Steve examine the broken vase 1 more time and see what it actually means and where Ananka's tomb could be located, however, hope is lost as Babe explains that they had searched everywhere and failed to find any evidence of the tomb, leaving it behind, as midnight was still not over, Steve, Babe, Tim Sullivan and Marta are hanging outside their tents, asking each other what to do about the new news they had got until they suddenly hear a scream from Marta and Solvani's tent, the 4 go inside and saw the dead body of Ali, with the same strangle marks as Dr. Petrie, concluding that the now revived mummy of Kharis was killing off the expedition members. Steve still decides to search for Ananka's tomb with Babe and tells Marta to sleep in his tent tonight and go home with her father tomorrow morning and that he will return in a few days after finding the tomb. Marta agrees to and kisses Steve for the first time, signaling their romance to come. As the night passes, Steve and Babe are on the lookout for a mummy, Babe accidentally swallowing a rock along the way but spitting it out until suddenly, the 2 hear a sound from the tent and go inside, seeing Marta gone and Solvani injured and strangled, telling them that a mysterious intruder in bandages strangled him and took Marta to the caves, hearing this Steve and Babe start to rush to the caves to rescue Marta, noticing Kharis carrying her to the caves.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "During the journey, the 2 are attacked by but kill the Cairo Beggar who tries to assassinate them before splitting up to go to different areas, Steve runs into the cave and passes through its many rooms before finally arriving at the main lair were Marta is tied up in, Steve sees Marta tied up, causing him to then attack an attacking Kharis who easily beats him twice, Marta tells him how to defeat him, Babe comes suddenly and shoots the container containing the tana leaves causing them to fall, Kharis gets down to get the leaves which then causes Steve to grab the container with fire and whack Kharis on the head with it knocking out and burning him to death before then reuniting with Marta and Babe. A few days later, Steve, Marta, Babe and Mr. Solvani are at the Cairo Bazaar were Steve gives back the now fixed vase to the shopkeeper, he finds another vase and tries to take it but Marta jokingly tells him to stop focusing on vases anymore and come with her and the others back to the states, ending with them going back to the states with the spoils of Ananka's tomb. After arriving at the states, Steve and Babe reunite with and Marta and Mr. Solvani meet Jane Banning, also during this time, Steve becomes rich and lives as a famous and wealthy archaeologist with Marta as his wife and Mr. Solvani as his father-in-law. Steve and Marta also have a son John Banning during this time. 1 day, Marta accidentally passes away from an unknown sickness and so does Mr. Solvani.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "30 years later in 1942 in his Mapleton Mansion, Steve, Jane, John, John's fiancé Isobel Evans and Isobel's mother Ella Evans are talking at Steve's Mapleton mansion and house about the events in Egypt 30 years ago, Steve mentions the whole thing and says it's sad that Marta won't be able to see John and Isobel's wedding before jokingly mentioning another topic.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "A few days later, Steve, Isobel, Jane and John are at the mansion playing a board game when they hear a sound outside, John goes outside to see who was it with Steve's servant and dog handler Jim whilst Steve goes to sleep upstairs in his room, however from the dark, Kharis the mummy appears in front of Steve and strangles him to death, his body is found by the others soon and a funeral in Mapleton is made for him in which Babe visits.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1895, Steve Banning in this universe, his son John Banning and his cousin, Joseph Whemple go to Cairo, Egypt for an expedition to Princess Ananka's tomb, during the expedition, John gets a leg injury and has to limp which causes Steve and Joseph to leave him at the tent and go to the tomb themselves. When they arrive there, Steve finds the Scroll of Thoth and reads it out aloud, causing the mummy Kharis to awaken from his sleep and walk away, Steve, after seeing Kharis, becomes hysterical and starts laughing madly, Joseph sees him and after finding the tombs and going back to the UK, him and John put Steve in a psych ward to better him with John visiting him for the next few months alongside his wife Isobel Banning. Steve also goes in a catatonic state during this time.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "3 years later in 1898, John visits Steve 1 day at the psych ward were Steve suddenly snaps out of catatonia and tells John the story of Kharis and Ananka and warns him that the mummy of Kharis is going to come after them, John disbelieves this at first but later finds out that he was telling the truth. 1 night, Steve is sleeping in his room until suddenly Kharis bursts through his windows and after a chase, corners and strangles him to death.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Dick Foran's character of Steve Banning here of an adventurous archeologist fascinated with ancient artifacts served as partial inspiration for the later creation of Indiana Jones.", "title": "Character influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Universal Pictures released a comic in The Monsters of Filmland magazine which was a comic book adaptation of The Mummy's Hand and featured Banning made to look like Foran's character.", "title": "Character influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Steve Banning also inspired the character of Rick O'Connell in The Mummy film series from 1999 to 2008 portrayed by Brendan Fraser in the 3 movies as a treasure hunter and archaeologist in each one of them who grows rich in the later movies because of the artifacts he collects from Princess Anck-Su-Namun's tomb similar to Steve in The Mummy's Tomb and The Mummy's Hand.", "title": "Character influence" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Exemplarist Moral Theory is a book by Linda Zagzebski published in 2017 based on her Gifford Lectures.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shed Grace is the second album by the collaborative free jazz trio Sticks and Stones, featuring saxophonist Matana Roberts, double bassist Josh Abrams, and drummer Chad Taylor. It was recorded during 2003, with no overdubs or edits, at Semaphore Recording in Chicago, Illinois, and was released in 2004 by the Thrill Jockey label. The music consists of original compositions by each player, plus three covers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In a review for AllMusic, Sean Westergaard wrote: \"This is a democratic band to be sure, but it is Matana Roberts' clear, pure tone on alto and clarinet, and unshakeable lyricism, that really stand out. With the recent passing of some of the AACM's old guard, it's good to see that the organization has some very talented young members to keep the flame lit. Well done.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Peter Marsh of the BBC stated: \"it's clear from the outset that this is a band with a lot of playing under their belts... Roberts is a fluid, elegant player who rejects the star soloist approach of many a saxophonist faced with the trio format. Her empathy with Abrams and Taylor results in a genuine trio music.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Exclaim!'s John Goodman commented: \"Each musician has an equal voice in the ensemble, which veers towards freedom while deferring to tradition... While the trio remain mostly inside the jazz tradition they bring in other frames of reference at every opportunity.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Writing for the CMJ New Music Report, Tad Hendrickson remarked: \"it's obvious that the players have developed an often-gentle language of their own. No screeching or hyperbole - the acoustic band plays warm organic avant-garde that smolders with a moody yet outward-leaning vision.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "David Adler of All About Jazz called the album a \"fine set\" \"driven by free invention, filtered through democratic exchange,\" and stated that the musicians \"speak the language of free jazz but contend with an array of influences.\" AAJ's Mark Corroto described the group as \"the most patient young band playing music today,\" noting that \"where others would wail and rip through the minimally free music they create, the patient S&S slowly develop their themes.\" He wrote: \"They leave plenty of room in each of the tracks heard here for the flavor of each instrument and player to be heard, really heard. Nothing is rushed here.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In an article for Dusted Magazine, Derek Taylor commented: \"This trio's handle is a fitting encapsulation of their materials and approach. Adopting what has become the most rudimentary and workaday configuration in creative improvised music... these three players still manage to create something fresh and personal.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "JazzWord's Ken Waxman described the album as \"a major step forward\" and \"a valuable listen to seek out,\" and stated that \"Sticks & Stones has graduated to a higher plane after more than five years of apprenticeship.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Track timings not provided.", "title": "Track listing" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pterocryptis anomala is a species of catfish found in eastern Asia in the Pearl River drainages Minjiang and Zhujiang southwards into the streams draining the territory of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species reaches a length of 25.0 cm (9.8 in).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Polypodium interjectum is a species of fern.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A medium-sized, ladder-like fern possessing an oval outline (mostly 2-4 x as long as wide), widening toward or a little below the middle, with a truncated base abruptly transitioning to its stem, the base leaflets at maturity tending to be folded inwards.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Its preferred habitat is mild basic (to slightly acidic) in slight shade.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The fertile sori under the leaf are elliptic when very young, and tend to be bright yellow when mature but unopened.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Technically, sporangia can be scraped off from under the leaf, and under a 200x lens (or better) they on average have a small backbone (annulus) of 7-9 (4-13) thick-walled cells, with 2-3 basal cells that are much wider than the annulus, and no branched long hairs (paraphyses, 0.5-1.4 mm) intermingled.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Similar species include -", "title": "Similar Species" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Most of Europe, far-Western Russia, Turkey and Iran.", "title": "Range" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Richard Lee Bugbee (February 6, 1948 – October 15, 2023) was a Native American of the Payómkawichum (Luiseño) people and culture keeper and ethnobotany instructor in San Diego, California.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bugbee attributes his love of plants to his cowboy grandfather, John Peters.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Bugbee attended five high schools as the family moved. Having never gotten a college degree, Bugbee took courses at Santa Monica, Grossmont, Cuyamaca, Mira Mesa, Palomar, Fresno City, and San Diego City Colleges.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As a young adult in the mid-1960s, he became a psychedelic light technician. This specialty led to numerous interactions with musicians including Janis Joplin, Alice Cooper, Canned Heat, and the Grateful Dead.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Starting in 2005, Bugbee began his academic career as an instructor of Kumeyaay Ethnobotany and Ethnoecology at Cuyamaca College through Kumeyaay and Cuyamaca Community Colleges. Jane Dumas assisted with the course until her death in 2014. For this class, Bugbee and Dumas wrote “Kumeyaay Ethnobotany Reader,\" a widely disseminated 92-page document of names, uses, and botanical characteristics of the most widely used plants. This work led Bugbee into being a consultant for published books on plant uses.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Bugbee also taught indigenous material cultures and traditional plant uses of southern California at many museums including the Oakland Museum of California and the Phoebe Hearst Museum at UC Berkeley, at botanical gardens, and on Indian reservations. He was an instructor for summer cultural programs for several Kumeyaay tribes and for Intertribal Youth/Native Like Water. His stated goal was to use indigenous knowledge to serve as a bridge that connects the wisdom of the Elders with today's youth.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "As a museum curator and educator, Bugbee was Curator of the Kumeyaay Culture Exhibit at the Southern Indian Health Council (1994–2004), the Associate Director/Curator of the San Diego American Indian Culture Center & Museum, and the Indigenous Education Specialist for the San Diego Museum of Man/Us (1989–2005).", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Bugbee was a member of the Native American Council for California State Parks (1991–1995), California Indian Basketweavers’ Association (CIBA), the Land Conservancy, and the Elder's Circle for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2006–2008). A 2009 Alliance for California Traditional Arts (ACTA) fellowship created an opportunity for him to teach the traditional tribal sport of Waw’lish.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Being an important member of the indigenous community led to invitations to join the Board of Directors of organizations such as the Board of Indigenous Regeneration (Mata’Yuum). As a language advocate, Bugbee was chairman of the board of directors for the Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival (AICLS) (2000–2023), where he was associate director and curator of the American Indian Culture Center and Museum in San Diego, as well as Director and Curator of the Kumeyaay Culture Center and exhibit at the Southern Indian Health Council.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Bugbee was the ethnobotanist for the Traditional Indian Health Program through Riverside-San Bernardino (Counties) Indian Health providing information on the interactions between traditional plant and pharmaceutical medicines. Most recently, Bugbee was chosen for the Elder's Indigenous Climate Fellow (2020–2021) for the San Diego Climate Science Alliance, where he provided guidance and direction for the Climate Science Alliance Tribal Working Group.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The important lesson he shared from Elder Jane Dumas involved proper behavior when picking plants. When you pick a plant “ask for permission, tell your intent for the plant, and say a prayer for the plant.\"", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Bugbee had four children, Jason C. and Ginger Lee with his former wife, Carol Renn Bugbee, and Cheyenne and Heather C. with Kelly Ann Dewolf.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 1980, he met Kumeyaay elder Jane Dumas, an ethnobotanist from Jamul Indian Village who was the daughter of famous Kumeyaay healer, Isobel Thing. Within two years, she had accepted Bugbee as her apprentice when he showed a true interest in healing plants.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "From 1990 to 1992, he led a group of Native American dancers to Brisbane, Australia, forming the dance ensemble Mak’sho which included the Munajali Yogumbeh (Australian) and Te Ahwina (New Zealand) traditional people. He was adopted into a Maori family following this activity.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "William Windle was an American politician from Pennsylvania.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Windle served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1862 and 1863 as a Republican and in 1864 as a member of the National Union Party.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thomas Walter (Tom) Cothran (1947–1987) was an American musicologist and composer, notable for his professional collaboration and personal relationship with American conductor and composer Leonard Bernstein.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tom Cothran was born in San Antonio to parents Walter M. and Betty (Nogle) Cothran. Walter was at the time a business equipment salesman. The family remained in Texas for some years, then moved to Pasadena, California, where Tom graduated from Pasadena High School in 1965. Cothran attended Northwestern University for two years, then transferred to UC Berkeley where he studied music and became interested in linguistics. Never graduating, he found employment at San Francisco radio station KKHI (then an all-classical format), rising to program director. Cothran met Bernstein at a party in 1971 and quickly found common interests with the composer/conductor. Bernstein introduced Cothran to acquaintances and friends within the former's social and professional orbit. Multiple sources report that the two became lovers.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Cothran assisted and advised Bernstein in small ways during the period of development of the latter's Mass (1971) and was a frequent house guest in the Bernstein houshold. The pair's romantic relationship was kept hidden. From 1972, he was employed by Bernstein's Amberson Enterprises as an assistant to the maestro, initially for the development of what became Bernstein's Harvard Norton Lectures. He relocated to Cambridge for this work. Regarding the Norton Lectures, critic Mark Swed credits Cothran as the source of their Chomskian approach and \"practically their ghost writer\", but reports that Cothran later characterized his own role as \"preventing them from becoming even more embarrassing than they already were\".", "title": "As assistant to Bernstein" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Cothran continued as an associate of Bernstein's during the period of development of the latter's failed musical, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (1976), also studying piano informally under Harvard's Luise Vosgerchian. As widely reported, the hidden side of Bernstein's relationship with Cothran became untenable in 1976 when Felicia Bernstein insisted that it end. Instead, Bernstein announced publicly his intention to live as a gay man, and separated from his wife. Felicia and daughter Jamie Bernstein came to see Cothran as an immoral, or at least irresponsible, seducer, a perspective reflected in early biographies of the composer after his death.", "title": "As assistant to Bernstein" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Bernstein and Cothran lived together in venues including Paris and Palm Springs for about two years, during which Cothran participated in the development of Bernstein's Songfest, the two reportedly reading poetry to each other and selecting the poems that make up the piece, including some dealing with homosexuality. They collaborated on a never-completed opera based on Nabokov's Lolita, Cothran to provide the libretto. Their intimate relationship ended in 1977 with Bernstein's return to his marriage under tragic circumstances, as well documented. The two remained friends and confidants and exchanged letters.", "title": "As assistant to Bernstein" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Cothran traveled widely, including to Nepal and India, returning to the United States in 1981 with a rare lymphoma, later recognized as one of the earliest cases of AIDS. He moved to New York City and was active in AIDS hospice work until his own illness made this impossible. Peter Napolitano, a friend of Cothran's at this time, reported that Bernstein's organization paid for Cothran's living and medical expenses, and that Bernstein visited Cothran at his Christopher Street walk-up apartment four months before Cothran's death in 1987. A memorial event for Cothran was arranged by the Amberson organization. Music critic Swed points to Cothran's death as an influence on Bernstein's engagement in producing \"Music for Life\", a star-studded benefit for a leading New York AIDS organization at Carnegie Hall in November, 1987.", "title": "Later life and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Cothran is played by Gideon Glick in Bradley Cooper's 2023 film Maestro. Glick, a self-identified gay actor, describes his sympathetic portrait of Cothran as possible with 2023's more \"authentic and honest\" perspective on mid-century gay culture.", "title": "In popular culture" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cynthia Nwadiora (6 November 1992), popularly known as Cee-C, is a Nigerian lawyer, actress, model and reality television personality. She has appeared on the shows \"Big Brother Naija season 3\" and \"Big Brother Naija season 8\" as a housemate. She won the award for Fashion Influencer of the Year at the La Mode Magazine‘s Green October Event 2018. She was the brand ambassador of GetFit, a Fitness brand.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Cynthia Nwadiora was born in Enugu State but hails from Ozubulu, Anambra State, Nigeria. She attended Federal Government Girls College in Ibusa, Delta State, where she completed her secondary education. She studied Law at Madonna University (Nigeria) in Okija.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Cynthia joined the reality show Big Brother Naija season 3, and also appeared in the reality show Ndani TGIF Show. She acts as a brand ambassador for the eyewear company House of Lunettes, RealTech Company OxfordBuildBay, a representative for the fitness brand GetFit, and the global alcoholic beverage company and television show Amstel Malta. She also debuted her Nollywood acting career in the movie \"Fake Liars\" alongside Broda Shaggi.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2018, Cynthia was one of the five finalists of the Big Brother Naija season 3, alongside Alex Asogwa, Miracle Igbokwe, Tobi and Nina. She placed as the first runner up.", "title": "Big Brother Nigeria" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In July 2023, she was announced as one of the housemates for Eight season of Big Brother Naija All Stars. On the 1st of October 2023, she was evicted from the show, making her to finish in the 2nd place (second runner up) after Mercy Eke.", "title": "Big Brother Nigeria" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aaron McMullen is an American politician serving as a member of the Missouri House of Representatives for the 20th district. He is a member of the Republican Party.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "McMullen resides in Independence, Missouri, where he grew up. After high school, he joined the United States Army and served in a combat unit in Afghanistan.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Edge Delta is a SaaS-based observability and telemetry pipeline technology company headquartered in Seattle, Washington. Its software can be used for log management or to create observability pipelines.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Edge Delta was co-founded in 2018 by Ozan Unlu and Fatih Yildiz who met while working as developers at Microsoft. They had a shared belief that the way data was being managed – by collecting it into the cloud for processing – was inefficient and that data could be processed more quickly at the edge, in the context of its original environment.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In July 2019, Edge Delta raised $3 million from lead investors MaC Venture Capital and Amity Ventures.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In June 2021, they raised a $15 million Series A funding round led by Menlo Ventures.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In May 2022, Edge Delta raised $63 million Series B with Quiet Capital leading, and with BAM Elevate, Earlybird Digital East, Geodesic Capital, Kin Ventures, Cisco Investments, and ServiceNow, along with previous backers Menlo Ventures, MaC Venture Capital and Amity Ventures.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In November 2022, Edge Delta introduced its freemium version for individual DevOps and SRE teams to monitor and troubleshoot their logs in Kubernetes.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In June 2023, Edge Delta announced an observability pipelines product that automates processes from data collection, processing, and routing.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Edge Delta processes and analyzes log data at the source; as it's created, allowing you to stream optimized datasets to one or many downstream observability platforms. It detects patterns, incidents and outages, pinpoints and alerts on known and unknown behavior with machine learning technology.", "title": "Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The agent is deployed on the computing resources (e.g., server, virtual machine, Kubernetes cluster, etc.). It runs as an independent collector and also supports being co-deployed with other tools.", "title": "Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Edge Delta has more than 60 integrations and partnerships across analytics, alerting, and storage vendors including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, Kubernetes, Snowflake, Splunk and Datadog.", "title": "Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Edge Delta was recognized in the 2023 Gartner \"Cool Vendors in Monitoring and Observability\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Oman–Palestine relations refer to foreign relations between the State of Oman and the State of Palestine. Palestine has an embassy in Muscat. Dr Tayser Farahat is the Ambassador of the State of Palestine to Oman.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Oman does not recognize the State of Israel and refuses to do so until the Palestinian issue is resolved. It has stated that the creation of an independent Palestinian state is required for the normalization of relationship with Israel.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Said bin Taimur, Sultan of Oman, did not allow Palestinians to enter Oman. While his successor, Qaboos bin Said, supported Palestinian aspirations it was against the Palestinian Liberation Organization which support separatists in the Dhofar War. In 1988, Oman recognized the state of Palestine and in 1989 Yasser Arafat visited Oman. In 1995, Oman and Palestine agreed to the opening of diplomatic outposts in Oman and West Bank.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Yusuf bin Alawi bin Abdullah, Minister Responsible for Foreign Affairs of Oman, visited President Mahmoud Abbas in Ramallah in October 2018. The same year, Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, visited Oman. In June 2019, Oman announced plans to open an embassy in Ramallah and a diplomatic delegation visited Ramallah in August to begin formalities. In 2020, Oman's parliament voted to criminalize ties with Israel.Oman participated in an extraordinary meeting of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation following the 2023 Israel-Hamas war and called for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state and end of the Israeli occupation. It described Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories illegal and reiterated its support for a two-state solution. It called for a neutral investigation of Israel's actions in the war.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A statue of Queen Victoria was erected at Albert Park, Auckland in 1899. The second monument to Queen Victoria in New Zealand, the bronze statue was sculpted by British portrait sculptor Francis John Williamson, one of nine variants of his 1887 statue erected at the Royal College of Surgeons. Relatively small compared to other statues of Victoria in New Zealand, the statue was funded by public donations encouraged by Auckland politicians and the New Zealand Herald. The statue was a central point for various imperial and patriotic observances, such as Empire Day, which gradually declined over the twentieth century.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Queen Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom and the broader British Empire from 1837 to 1901. The earliest monument to Queen Victoria in New Zealand was a relatively obscure wooden bust of the queen erected in 1874 at the Māori village of Ohinemutu. Celebrations and increased popularity following her Golden Jubilee initiated a wave of public monuments to her across the Empire in the late 1800s, corresponding with a general international trend of nationalist sculpture and monument construction in the period.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Public meetings considering the creation of a local monument to the Queen Victoria held by the Auckland City Council in May 1897, prior to her Diamond Jubilee. Former Auckland City mayor John Upton was elected to chair early proceedings. Memorials considered included a children's hospital, nursing home, and institute for the blind. The City Council initially supported the construction of a memorial children's hospital, but this was heavily opposed by the New Zealand Herald, who proposed a statue to be constructed at Albert Park, the former location of the Albert Barracks, which had been demolished several decades prior to make way for Albert Park. The Herald proposed that the monument would distinguish the city from others in the colony and instill respect in future generations. A reader poll was held by the paper, with the largest share of roughly 2000 respondents voting in favor of the statue as opposed to other proposed memorials. A later public hearing supported the poll's findings.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Donation boxes for the statue's construction were placed around Auckland for the Diamond Jubilee on 22 June 1897, raising over £150 within two days. Due to heavy public involvement and contribution, the monument was nicknamed the \"People's Statue.\" Applications came from various notable British sculptors to design the statue, as well as the New Zealander William Leslie Morison. Hamo Thornycroft and Francis John Williamson emerged as finalists by early 1898. Although Thornycroft was considered to have greater artistic prestige, photographs of Williamson's 1887 Victoria statue built for the Royal College of Surgeons impressed the memorial committee, especially due to the Prince of Wales' alleged praise for the sculpture as the \"best portrait ever executed of his mother.\" The statue at Auckland was to be the second of nine variants of Williamson's statue, following a copy at Derry completed in 1898.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Officially commissioned in February 1898, the statue reached Auckland in January 1899. It was officially unveiled on Victoria's eightieth birthday, 24 May 1899. The statue's opening ceremony included speeches by members of the Waikato Māori and Governor Uchter Knox, as well as a gun salute by warships anchored in Freemans Bay.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A wrought-iron fence, originally surrounding the statue, was removed at an unknown date.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "A local procession laid wreaths at the statue following Victoria's death in early 1901. The statue was the focus of various patriotic and imperial commemorations. Empire Day celebrations, presided over by the Governor of New Zealand, were held at the statue for much of the early twentieth century, but gradually declined following the end of the Second World War. Beginning under Edward VII's reign, the statue was frequently visited by parades celebrating the King's Birthday. The statue was also the site of annual reunions of Waikato War veterans of the 18th Royal Irish Regiment.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "During the late 20th century, the statue was frequently targeted by protests due to associations with monarchy and colonialism. In 1971, a University of Auckland feminist student group held a mock funeral at the statue to commemorate the 78th anniversary of woman's suffrage, choosing the location due to Victoria's staunch opposition to female voting rights. Ngāhuia Te Awekotuku and members of the Gay Liberation Front held pride events at the statue in 1972 in the first public act of the New Zealand gay rights movement.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The monument features a roughly life-size Victoria styled after her Golden Jubilee portrait taken by Alexander Bassano, as well as on in-person sittings taken by Williamson. Measuring 180 cm in height (including the crown and bronze base), the statue sits atop a 270 cm granite pedestal, on which a dedication for the statue is engraved. Due to conservative artistic aims by its sculptor and relatively modest contributions from citizens, the Albert Park sculpture is very small in scale compared to succeeding statues of Victoria built after her death, as well as to contemporary monuments to Victoria found in Britain.", "title": "Composition" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea atrans is a species of waterlily is endemic to Queensland, Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea atrans is a perennial plant with vertical, short, and swollen rhizomes. The leaf blades with toothed margins of 2mm long, regularly spaced teeth may reach 40 cm in width. The base of the petiole is winged.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The flowers may rise up to 40 cm above the water level. Over time, the colour of Nymphaea atrans flowers shifts from blue and white to a deep pink. Each flower has ca. 300 stamens with 14 mm long, cylindrical to membranous filaments. The anthers, typically featuring a small hooked apical appendage, can reach up to 10 mm in length.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The nuclear genome size is 1408.32 Mb, and the chromosome count is n = 42.The chloroplast genome is 160,990 bp long.", "title": "Cytology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Flowering occurs from July to November.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Natural hybrids of Nymphaea atrans with Nymphaea immutabilis with reduced fertility have been reported from areas of sympatric occurrence. Apart from the reduced fertility, the hybrids can be identified through the lighter pink colouration of older flowers, as they do not darken to the darker shades found in Nymphaea atrans. It was reported that in one hybrid population most individuals do not exhibit the characteristic shift in floral colouration. Additionally, even those that do exhibit this characteristic shift do not reliably produce offspring with the same trait from seed.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "It was first described by Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs in 1992.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The type specimen was collected by Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs and J. Clarkson along the Bathurst Bay road north of Wakooka in Queensland, Australia on the 31st of July 1987.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Anecphya.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It is close to Nymphaea immutabilis. Despite morphological differences, a molecular study was unable to differentiate both species based on the nuclear marker ITS, as well as the chloroplast marker trnT-trnF.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The specific epithet atrans is derived from the Latin \"atrans\", meaning darkening, which references the shift of floral colouration from blue and white to a deep pink in ageing flowers.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The NCA status of Nymphaea atrans is Special Least Concern.", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "It occurs in the Cape York Peninsula of northern Queensland, Australia. It occurs in Billabongs, lakes, and former pastoral dams on floodplains.", "title": "Ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Because of its outstanding, showy ornamental qualities, this species is grown in waterscape gardens globally and is well-suited for use as display plants in water gardens. It has been used in the creation of several new Nymphaea hybrids.", "title": "Cultivation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pterocryptis taytayensis, is a species of catfish found in Palawan, Philippines.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species reaches a length of 12.0 cm (4.7 in).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The fish is named in honor of a small freshwater creek near Taytay, Palawan, Philippines, which is where the type specimen was found.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rub-A-Dub-Dub is a 2023 comic picaresque novel by Robert Wringham. The novel concerns a working-class, middleaged man who discovers self-care. It is set between October 2019 and January 2020 and takes place on a sleeper train and in a tenement flat in Portobello, Edinburgh.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mister Bob (real name Robert Forrester) works as a cleaner and trolley service operator for a privatized train company, often on an all-night sleeper service between Scotland and London. Landscapes and accents change as he rides up and down the UK. He accepts the reality of his job but finds it unpleasant, and the line between his unpaid commute and the job itself is indistinct. He suffers from anxiety, alcoholism, obesity, hair loss and gingevitis. He also has nagging concerns about free will and makes gradual but noncommittal preparations for his suicide. He regularly experiences \"Panic Visions\": hallucinations that feel briefly real.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A colleague, Tracey, appears to be attracted to Mister Bob. Tracey is also an alcoholic but, unlike Mister Bob, is charismaric and displays an irreverent confidence. Together they skive, retreating to Mister Bob's sleeper cabin or to an empty First Class carriage to drink lager. In one such rendezvous, Tracey drunkenly suggests he might have more luck with women (i.e. herself) if he bathed more frequently and didn't smell.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mister Bob throws himself into this assignment. He discovers luxury soap and other commercial goods pointing to more pleasant lives and more positive ways to think of himself. His soaks connect him nostalgically to childhood, promoting lengthy ruminations about himself, his personal history, and his place in the 21st century.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "His life improves and his \"Panic Visions\" subside. He reads an article in a women's magazine left in the netting on the back of a passenger chair about \"self-care\" and comes to understand his metamorphosis but remains confused as to why such humanitarian guidance isn't also extended to people like himself.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "When Mister Bob is presented with circumstances conducive to a drinking binge, he indulges willingly but is carried away when some younger men on a stag night include him in their drinking games. He reports to work the next day with a hangover and no uniform. In a confrontation with the train manager over professionalism, he is physically assaulted. The assault is witnessed by Tracey who, perhaps feeling sorry for him, meets Mister Bob for a sexual encounter during their night shift.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Humiliation and confusion begin a negative spiral in Mister Bob, threatening to undo the progress he has made. He experiences a long and intense Panic Vision in which he believes the International Space Station is falling from the sky. The Panic Vision, combined with a message of emotional rejection from Tracey, brings back his suicidal thoughts. His suicide attempt is left incomplete however, when he slips on the bath mat and bangs his head on the side of the bathtub. As he loses consciousness, he hears a disturbing radio news report about a global pandemic.", "title": "Summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In an interview, Wringham described using the tropes of grotesque body, scatological humour and blue humour. Some of his characters speak in regional accents, making use of eye dialect. He also suggests that the novel relates to working-class experience and might be aligned with the dirtbag left.", "title": "Tropes and themes" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "He has also said \"I felt like I had permission to indulge a certain working-class sense of humour I grew up with that I don't usually have in my work.\"", "title": "Tropes and themes" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The novel mentions the 2019 protests of Extinction Rebellion, the ISS tenure of Chris Hadfield, and UK politicians Caroline Lucas and Jacob Rees-Mogg. The Dunblane Massacre, the Lockerbie Bombing and the COVID-19 pandemic are also mentioned.", "title": "Topical References" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Rub-A-Dub-Dub won Best Book Cover at the 2023 Saltire Society Literary Awards.", "title": "Cover art" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The cover used an original composition by artist Thomas MacGregor. MacGregor based the composition on that of Jacques-Louis David's The Death of Marat.", "title": "Cover art" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Pop Matters described it as a novel of transformation. OutsideLeft described it as \"an extraordinary first novel, comic, poignant and dealing in detail with the endearing but sometimes revolting life of its protagonist.\" It was also recognised for its original cover art at the 2023 Saltire Literary Awards.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Minister of State for Data and Digital Infrastructure is a mid-level position in the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology of the British Government It is currently held by MP Julia Lopez and was previously held by John Whittingdale.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The minister has responsibility of the following policy areas:", "title": "Responsibilities" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Terje Dokken (born 13 December 1948) is a Norwegian footballer and manager.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dokken is an older brother of Arne Dokken, and through him an uncle of Kenneth Dokken. Terje Dokken started playing football in local Northern Drammen club Åssiden IF in 1959, and remained here throughout 1976. In 1977 and 1978 he played for Mjøndalen IF, both on the highest Norwegian tier, amateur at the time, and in Europe. Among others, Dokken remembered losing duels to Gerd Müller.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Terje Dokken was also a bandy goalkeeper, and became Norwegian champion in bandy in 1970 when his team Strømsgodset beat Stabæk in the championship final. His time at Strømsgodset lasted from 1969 to 1974.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Terje Dokken started his coaching career in Mjøndalen, part-timing for their U19 team. Through the 1980s he coached Strømsgodset IF from 1980 to 1982, Åssiden IF in 1983, Asker SK from 1984 to 1986 and Strømsgodset again from 1987 to 1988.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Dokken started a lenghty spell as Strømsgodset's director of sports from 1989. He was in charge of signing players and managers, from 1992 to 1994 as chairman of Strømsgodset's football division, before returning as director of sports. Strømsgodset won one title during his period, the 1991 Norwegian Football Cup. In the league, Strømsgodset was more unstable, with relegations from the highest tier in 1991 and 1994 and re-promotions in 1993 and 1995. Dokken resigned as Strømsgodset director in January 1996, citing that the \"Dokken era in SIF now must come to an end\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1997 Terje Dokken was elected deputy leader of Buskerud District of the Football Association, with Arne Dokken as leader. The Football Association did not accept that Arne Dokken held this position concurrently with working as a football agent in transfers involving Panathinaikos. Arne Dokken resigned, and Terje Dokken automatically advanced to leader. As such he oversaw development of football on all levels in Buskerud. He did not stand for re-election in 2003, and was decorated with Buskerud District honorary badge.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Heiden railway station (German: Bahnhof Heiden) is a railway station in Heiden, in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. It is the terminus of the Rorschach–Heiden mountain rack railway line of Appenzell Railways.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "As of the December 2023 timetable change, the following services stop at Heiden:", "title": "Services" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Tribe Called Judah is a 2023 Nigerian film produced by Funke Akindele and starring Funke Akindele, Timini Egbuson, Jide Kene Achufusi, Uzee Usman, Tobi Makinde, Olumide Oworu, Genoveva Umeh, Nse Ikpe Etim, Juliana Olayode, Uzor Arukwe, Fathia Balogun, Yvonne Jegede and many others. The film was released to the cinema nationwide on 15 December 2023. Akindele has said the film is dedicated to her late mother, and draws partially from her mother's life.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A Tribe Called Judah tells a story of a single mother, Jedidah Judah (played by Funke Akindele), who has five sons from five different fathers from five different tribes. The first two sons are responsible and try their best to work and support their mother. Meanwhile, the last three are less helpful; Pere (played by Timini Egbuson) is a chronic pickpocket, Shina (played by Tobi Makinde) a hoodlum and tout in the community, and the last, Ejiro (played by Olumide Oworu), is naughty and only cares about his girlfriend, Testimony (played by Genoveva Umeh). Despite their bad behavior, Jedidah continues to support them and get them out of trouble.", "title": "Synopsis" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Things take a turn for the worse when Jedidah develops a chronic kidney disease, needing ₦18 million to fund her operation and ₦400,000 weekly for her dialysis. The first son, Emeka, loses his job, and the five sons see no other option than to rob Emeka's ex-boss, who is rumored to be a money launder, to get the money to save their mothers life. However, their plans take a dramatic turn when they encounter armed robbers at the scene.", "title": "Synopsis" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Selected cast" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Following the release of A Tribe Called Judah to the cinema on 15 December 2023, the film became the first Nollywood film to gross over ₦113 million in its opening weekend.", "title": "Production and release" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Trần Văn Khá was a Vietnamese educator and diplomat, served as Vietnam's first Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Trần Văn Khá was born in Saigon, French Cochinchina in 1894.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 1911 to 1925, Trần Văn Khá lived in Paris, France, working for the French War Department's Colonial Labor Directorate (Direction des travailleurs coloniaux). After returning to Saigon in 1925, he was mainly engaged in teaching and youth education issues, especially sports and scouting activities.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Trần Văn Khá once participated in the meeting of the Colombo Plan initiated by the Commonwealth of Nations.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After the armistice between France and Germany, he was elected to the Saigon City Council and to the Standing Committee of the French Indochina Congress.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 2 March 1952, Trần Văn Khá was appointed as Vietnam’s first ambassador to the United States. Before leaving for the United States, he arrived in Hong Kong on 29 April to visit friends in Hong Kong and bid farewell to them. He flew out of Hong Kong and returned to Saigon on 4 May.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On 15 June, he arrived in New York City. On 19 June, the Vietnamese Embassy in the United States was officially opened and he took office. On 1 July, he submitted his credentials to U.S. President Harry S. Truman.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "After the establishment of the State of Vietnam in 1949, Trần Văn Khá served as the national economic minister after the reorganization of Trần Văn Hữu's cabinet on 21 February 1951.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1954, he resigned and returned to China to take up a new position.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Trần Văn Khá's father-in-law was the governor Nguyễn Văn Vịnh.", "title": "Family" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gold Watch may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Quizimaze is an out-of-print board game and trivia game created by Wilfrid Enterprises in 1986. The board game originates in Winnipeg and was discontinued after it was adapted into a different trivia game and the company went bankrupt. Copies of the game are scarce, but can be found in Mom and Pop Stores or other used item stores.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wilfrid Enterprises was created by Gavin Cheng in 1986, releasing two board games which were discontinued in a year. Quizimaze was classified 028 by Ronald S. Ade, the company's legal correspondent.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The game combines knowledge and strategy where 2-8 players, or teams of players, have to navigate a moving maze, answering trivia questions of scarce topics until they collect all the colored chips from visiting the corners (\"knowledge bases\"). Players start in the center, surrounded by randomly placed color \"gates\" which they can manipulate by answering trivia. Small squares can be glued down to the board, but are recommended to be movable for excitement of the game.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Rules for the game are difficult to come by online, with only a couple sources.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Trivia questions that can be asked are color coded; Yellow is Science & Technology, Red is Social Studies, Blue is Language Arts, and Green is Leisure and Games. Questions are outdated and can be very precise. Blue cards ask questions regarding spelling, vocabulary, riddles and English speech. Each card has 6 questions and an illustration, then flip to the back for the answers. (eg; 1. \"Cap nut\" labelled (3) is called ____ nut. (answer: Acorn Nut)) Green cards, formatted the same, ask practical questions about sport equipment, mechanics and animal anatomy. Red cards formatted as before ask qeustions about Geography (largely Canadian) and labeling different objects (a lightbulb and torpedo). Questions also regard naming road signs and historiography). Yellow cards will ask about labeling things from lobsters to airplanes and parts of a hypodermic needle. Some questions also regard different cuts of meat.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A related game was released the same year with similar premises. For 2-4 players, Kaleidomaze allows you to zigzag through a new dimension. You must take the offensive to take over bases and trap subject tokens in the maze with a stressor peg. Players play against each other to trap opponents, and the maze is fluid and changeable. You are able to take \"chances\" and save a few \"credits\" (cards) to use intricate tactical strategies to not be trapped by your opponents. It can be very aggravating, ad the end can seem near and far at times.", "title": "Kaleidomaze" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zwackhia viridis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), script lichen in the family Lecanographaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, and has been documented in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The lichen was first formally described by the Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius, as Opegrapha rubella var. viridis. Ignaz Poetsch and Karl Schiedermayr [de] transferred it to the genus Zwackhia in 1872.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Zwackhia viridis is characterised by a subtle and svelte thallus that can range from being barely noticeable to a fine texture. Its colour spectrum includes shades of pale brown, grey, greenish-grey, brownish-grey, and green, all in a matte finish. On occasion, a prothallus can be observed, distinguishable by its dark brown hue and a width spanning 0.1–0.2 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The ascomata (spore-producing structures) are dispersed relatively evenly across the thallus, though sometimes they appear in clusters of two to four. These structures are lirelliform (slit-like) in shape, generally straight, but can also have curved or slightly flexuous patterns. They are black and measure between 0.2 and 1.2 mm in length and 0.15–0.3 mm in width. Their hymenial disc is not pruinose and looks like a distinct slit.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Underneath the hymenium, the excipulum is of a dark brown shade which turns an olivaceous colour upon a potassium hydroxide (K) chemical spot test. This structure's width varies from 25 to 50 μm on the sides to 15–80 μm at the base. The hypothecium beneath is pale brown, stands 5–20 μm tall, and reacts to tests with an olivaceous hue on K and a red hue on iodine. The hymenium itself is clear and devoid of oil droplets, standing at a height between 75 and 120 μm. When exposed to potassium hydroxide and iodine (K/I), it turns blue. The branched paraphysoids intertwine and measure between 1.0 and 1.5 μm in width without a distinct enlarged tip. The epihymenium on top is a pale brown shade, which turns red when exposed to iodine.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Asci, the sac-like structures that produce spores, have a clavate to ellipsoid shape. They hold eight spores and range in size from 55 to 70 by 16–22 μm, with a pronounced apical blue ring upon K/I exposure. The ascospores are fusiform, clear, predominantly straight but occasionally exhibit a slight curve. They have 10–15 (up to 17) septa without constriction at these divisions. These spores, in their mature state, have median cells roughly equal in length and breadth, with the end locules being more stretched. They measure between 30.0 and 42.5 by 4.5–7.5 μm. The perispore around the spores is 1.5–2.5 μm wide and clear, but it transitions to an even brown hue when it matures beyond its prime.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Zwackhia viridis has a cosmopolitan distribution, having been documented in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and Oceania. It was first reported from the Chatham Islands in 2020. It was rediscovered in Lower Saxony (Germany) after exactly 150 years; according to the Red List of Lower Saxony (under Opegrapha viridis), the species has been considered extinct in the hill and mountain regions since 1885.", "title": "Habitat and distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Trachyaretaon bresseeli is a species of stick insects in the family Heteropterygidae. It is native to the Philippine island Luzon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The medium-sized, stocky species is similar to Trachyaretaon mangyan native to Mindoro and the Trachyaretaon nakatago, which also occurs in northern Luzon. The 7.1 to 8.7 centimetres (2.8 to 3.4 in) long females are very variable in color. Although medium brown colors with darker and lighter components usually dominate, various tones from dark to medium brown to yellow brown and ocher to olive can also be found. The terga two to four of the abdomen are usually darker in color than the other segments and have a characteristic inverted V-shaped black marking laterally. The pronotum is usually lighter in color than the rest of the thorax and has two faint dark and closely spaced parallel longitudinal stripes. The mesonotum shows a more or less distinct pale cream or straw-colored, triangular anterior marking. The body structure is rather poorly developed and quite low. The spines located on the posterior meso- and metanotum (meso- and metanotales) are rather conical and multi-humped. The central longitudinal edge on the meso- and metasternum is rather weakly pronounced or barely noticeable. The secondary ovipositor, is formed from the epiproct, which is laterally straight and about 1.5 times longer than that anal segment. In the basal half it is almost parallel and tapers only slightly posteriorly to an obtuse-angled tip that is slightly curved upwards. The ventral subgenital plate of the ovipositor is long, lanceolate and clearly keeled in the posterior half. It is moderately pointed and slightly protrudes beyond the epiproct.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The males are around 5.5 to 6.2 centimetres (2.2 to 2.4 in) long and are significantly less variable in color. Their basic color is usually brown to olive brown. There is a light brown longitudinal line on the meso- and metanotum, which can rarely and usually indistinctly continue on the first segments of the abdomen. Armature of body is moderately developed. The posterior spines on the meso- and metanotum (meso- and metanotales) protrude pointedly and are many-humped around the base. The mesonotum is laterally and posteriorly darker than the rest of the body, as are the pleura, and is usually reddish or medium to dark brown in color.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The 4.5 to 4.6 millimetres (0.18 to 0.18 in) long, 2.6 millimetres (0.10 in) wide and 2.4 millimetres (0.094 in) high, grey-brown eggs are laid in the ground, as with all Obrimini, using the ovipositor at the end of the abdomen. Her capsule is heavily scarred. The operculum and the area around it are covered with very short bristles. As with most Obrimini, the micropylar plate is three-part and Y-shaped. It is rather small and only about 0.65 times as long as the egg capsule. The middle part becomes slightly narrower towards the front and the two posterolateral extensions are small and extend almost at an angle of 90° to the side surfaces of the capsule.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first specimens of this species were discovered in July 2009 by Joachim Bresseel, Bellemans, Van Dingeen and Derijck on Luzon in the province of Aurora near the city of San Luis collected at the Cunayan and Ditumabo waterfalls. The specimens of the six wild-caught specimens, which were handed over to Frank H. Hennemann for processing in April 2023, were described by him as Trachyaretaon bresseeli in a work published in November 2023. The name is dedicated to Bresseel, who was the first to collect this species and establish a culture in Europe. Bressell, who himself works taxonomic at the Museum of Natural Sciences in Brussels, was also thanked for his years of friendship and generosity, including: extensive Obrimini material from the collection of the Brussels Museum, much of which was collected by him. The specimens of wild-caught animals are deposited as type material in the Museum of Natural Sciences in Brussels. There is a female deposited there as holotype, three further females and two males from the wild caught animals as paratypes, as well as five further females and eleven males from Bresseel's breeding. Other paratypes from Hennemann's breeding are in his collection.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Sarah Bank et al. already included samples of this species in their studies based on genetic analysis published in 2021 to clarify the phylogeny of the Heteropterygidae, which were here named Trachyaretaon echinatus because of the first original identification of the cultured animals. The investigations show that the species forms a common clade together with previously described species such as Trachyaretaon carmelae, now described species such as Trachyaretaon maliit and species that have not yet been described.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The first representatives of this species were introduced to enthusiasts by Bresseel in 2009. He established a breeding line from the animals he collected in the province of Aurora, which quickly became widespread. It was initially called Trachyaretaon echinatus and has been found in the terrariums of European enthusiasts since around 2010. The incorrect classification was recognized a little later and so the animals were known for a long time under the name Trachyaretaon sp. 'Aurora' in circulation. The Phasmid Study Group lists it under the PSG number 317. In April 2010, Bresseel, Tim Bollens and Rob Krijns collected in Marinfata on the road to Infanta on Luzon an adult female from whose eggs a sexual breeding line could be established. This in turn was identified as Trachyaretaon echinatus and was called Trachyaretaon echinatus 'Marinfata' for years. It is listed by the Phasmid Study Group under the PSG number 326. Both breeding lines were identified by Hennemann as representatives of the same species, which he described as Trachyaretaon bresseeli in 2023.", "title": "In terraristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Like all cultured members of the genus, the species is easy to keep and breed in the terrarium with the leaves of bramble, hazel, ivy, firethorn, psidium or other food plants common to stick insects. To enable egg laying, the bottom of the terrarium should be covered with a slightly moist substrate of soil.", "title": "In terraristics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "FC Mitrovica (previously known as Australia) is a professional football club from Mitrovica, Kosovo which competes in the Second League. The home games are played in the Xhevat Jusufi Stadium in Mitrovicë which has a capacity for 1,000 people.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 Lipscomb Bisons women's basketball team represents Lipscomb University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bisons, led by fifth-year head coach Lauren Sumski, play their home games at the Allen Arena in Nashville, Tennessee as members of the ASUN Conference.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Bisons finished the 2022–23 season 20–12, 13–5 in ASUN play to finish in third place. In the ASUN tournament, they defeated North Alabama in the quarterfinals, before falling to Liberty in the semifinals.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sources:", "title": "Schedule and results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Halmstad City Hall (Swedish: Halmstads Rådhus, Stadshuset locally) is the seat of Halmstad Municipality in Halmstad, Sweden. It stands next to Stora Torg, the town square of Halmstad and it houses government offices, conference rooms, and ceremonial halls.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "There is a mirrored copy of Halmstad City Hall in Norwich, United Kingdom called \"Norfolk House\". Norfolk House was inaugurated on 27th of April 1951. Predecessor to DHSS was its first tenant.", "title": "Copy building" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chhot is a fishing boat, found in coastal water and coastal rivers of Bengal. This boats was widely used by fishermen in the lower reaches of the Rupnarayan and Hooghly rivers. The boat is capable of sailing in coastal waters.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chhot boats were used for fishing as well as for transporting goods. However, the use of these boats is on the verge of extinction.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2022, Chhot boat building methods and techniques were documented. This documentation was completed by the Endangered Materials Knowledge Program (EMKP) funded by the British Museum.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "No information is available on the history of the Chhot boat. The Jhumjhumi was famous for building these boats. These boats were used for fishing as well as carrying cargo until the mid-20th century, but are now used exclusively for fishing. Boats were loaded with rice from rice mills around Kolaghat and delivered to the destination. These boats also used to tow Khorokisti carrying straw from remote areas of the Sundarbans to Kolkata.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The design of a Chhot boat enables the boat to sail in coastal rivers and coastal waters. The hull of this boat is deep and pointed. The hull of the wooden boat is \"V\" shaped, which allows the boat to remain stable in the water even when buffeted by waves or wind. Due to its basically \"V\" shape, the boat is suitable for coastal waters.", "title": "Architecture" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The specialty of this boat called \"Chhot\" is that the wooden hulls are joined with metal in such a way that the shape of the boat is like a 'V'. Helps to cut river water easily. So the entire process is being documented.", "title": "Reconstruction and documentation" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "—Prof. John P. Cooper", "title": "Reconstruction and documentation" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "A reconstruction project was undertaken under a collaborative project between the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom and the Central University of Haryana in India to document Chhot boat construction knowledge. The reconstruction and documentation project is known as The chhot-builders of West Bengal, India: Documenting the vanishing craft knowledge of a unique boat-building tradition. A documentary on the making of \"Chhot\" boats was produced jointly by India and the United Kingdom, with Endangered Materials Knowledge Program by the financial support of the British Museum.", "title": "Reconstruction and documentation" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The construction work of Chhot was completed at Dihimandal Ghat at Shyampur, Howrah district, West Bengal. Panchanan Mandal was the main craftsman of this boat; Panchanan Mandal and his 4 sons built this almost defunct boat. The boat was built in about 40 days. All construction activities and procedures from start to finish of boat building are captured by videography, which has been preserved in a museum in England. On 10 November 2022, the boat made its first voyage. A total of Rs 350,000 was spent on the construction of the boat.", "title": "Reconstruction and documentation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Sporting Football Club Women is a Women's football team that competes in the Costa Rican Women's Premier Division, the top division of women's football in Costa Rica.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The albinegro team acquired the La U Universitarias franchise in 2020, obtaining its place in the Costa Rican top category. On March 1, 2020, they debuted in the First Division of Costa Rica, facing Suva Sports. The Albinegras managed to win in their debut with the score 3-5, due to the goals Marilenis Oporta, María José Garro, Fernanda Chavarría, Karla Villalobos, Indira González. In its first season, Sporting F. C. was in second position with 9 points from the 2020 Clausura Tournament. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the closing tournament was cancelled, declared void in its debut.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On July 9, 2022, they faced C. S. Herediano in the final of the Costa Rica Cup Tournament, the game ended with a 0-3 victory, due to the goals of Katherine Arroyo, Daniela Mesén, and Yoselin Fonseca. In their second match, it took place on July 16 at the Ernesto Rohrmoser Stadium, the match ended with a 3-3 draw, due to Katherine Arroyo's triplet at minutes 19, 28 and 87, while on the aggregate scoreboard they were in victory 6 -3, Sporting F. C. obtained its first title in historic fashion.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On January 15, 2023, the Costa Rica Super Cup was played against L. D. Alajuelense at the National Stadium, due to the goal by Panamanian Karla Riley in the 68th minute, putting the first goal on the scoreboard at 0-1, which was tied by the L. D. Alajuelense through Alexandra Pinell in the 88th minute, the match went into extra time, and without moving the score it had to be decided in a penalty shootout, the great performance of Daniela Solera prevented two goals from the L. D. Alajuelense, and due to The goals in a penalty shootout by Carol Sánchez, Celeste Jiménez, and Lourdes Viana, Sporting F. C. managed to be crowned champions with a score of 1-3. The team was made up of: Daniela Solera, Diana Sáenz, Carol Sánchez, Celeste Jiménez, María Paula Porras, Fernanda Chavarría, Cristin Granados, Candela Andújar, Katherine Arroyo, Yerling Ovares, Karla Riley, Evanny Calvo, Steysi Arias, Jeimy Umaña, Emily Flores, Lourdes Viana, Raquel Chacón, Yesmi Rodríguez, Yoselin Fonseca, Tanisha Fonseca, Jimena González, under the technical direction of Edgar Rodríguez.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Ernesto Rohrmoser Stadium is located in Pavas, in the province of San José. It has a capacity of 3,000 spectators, with a synthetic grass field and is classified with two stars, according to FIFA", "title": "Stadium" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "College soccer is played by teams composed of soccer players who are enrolled in colleges and universities. While it is most widespread in the United States, it is also prominent in Japan, South Korea, Canada, South Africa, and the Philippines. The United Kingdom also has a university league. The institutions typically hire full-time professional coaches and staff, although the student athletes are mostly amateur and are not paid. College soccer in the United States is sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the sports regulatory body for major universities, and by the governing bodies for smaller universities and colleges.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "College soccer teams play a variety of conference and non-conference games throughout the fall season, with the season culminating in the post-season tournament called the College Cup. The St. Louis University Billikens is the most successful men's team, having won 10 College Cups while the North Carolina Tar Heels led by head coach Anson Dorrance is the most successful women's college soccer team with 21 College Cup wins.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The best men's and women's college soccer player each year is awarded the Hermann Trophy.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After their collegiate careers, top men's players often go on to play professionally in Major League Soccer or other professional leagues while top women's players may play professionally in the National Women's Soccer League or in other professional soccer leagues around the world including the Women's Super League in England, Division 1 Féminine in France, Damallsvenskan in Sweden, Germany's Frauen-Bundesliga, Australia's A-League Women, or Japan's WE League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first de facto college football game held in the U.S. in 1869 between Rutgers University and Princeton was contested, at Rutgers captain John W. Leggett's request, with rules mixing soccer and rugby and loosely based on those of the Football Association in London, England. As a result, it is considered the first collegiate soccer match and the birth of soccer in the United States.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "However other sports historians argue that this was actually the first-ever college gridiron football season in history. But that perception is changing, with Harvard being recognized as a pioneer in gridiron football, along with McGill, Tufts, and Yale.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The NCAA first began holding a men's national soccer championship in 1959. Prior to 1959, the men's national champion had been determined by a national poll instead of through a national tournament. Saint Louis University won the 1959 inaugural championship using mostly local players, defeating a number of teams that were mostly foreign players. Saint Louis continued to dominate the Division I championship for a number of years, appearing in five consecutive finals from 1959 to 1963 and winning four; and appearing in six consecutive finals from 1969 to 1974 and winning four.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "College soccer continued growing throughout the 1970s, with the NCAA adding a men's Division III in 1974 to accommodate the growing number of schools. Indiana University's men's soccer program achieved success in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s with 8 national championships, 6 Hermann Trophy winners (national player of the year), and 13 national team players. From 1973 to 2003 no team won more men's national championships or had more NCAA College Cup appearances than Indiana. Virginia won a record four consecutive men's national championships from 1991 to 1994 under head coach Bruce Arena.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The first college women's varsity soccer team was established at Castleton State College, now known as Castleton University, in Vermont in the mid-1960s. A major factor in the growth of women's college soccer was the passage of the Education Amendments of 1972, which included Title IX that mandated equal access and equal spending on athletic programs at college institutions. As a result, college varsity soccer programs for women were established. Since at least 1977, African American and women coaches have been underrepresented and have a significantly shorter tenure as coaches.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "By 1981, there were about a 100 varsity programs established in NCAA women's soccer, and even more club teams. The AIAW (Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women), was established in the mid-1970s and began sponsoring women's varsity programs. It establishing an informal national championship in 1980, which Cortland State won. A year later in 1981, the tournament was hosted by the University of North Carolina, which ended up winning the tournament as well.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 1982, the NCAA began to sponsor women's sports and all schools switched into the NCAA. One major difference in the growth of women's college soccer unlike men's college soccer, was that it did not start out primarily in one region of the country and spread through the decades. With help from men's soccer, the women's program was able to take root all over the country at once, and grow from there. The University of North Carolina, coached by Anson Dorrance, immediately stood out as the ones to beat in the women's college game and remain that way up unto today. Of the first 20 NCAA championships, 16 were won by UNC, including nine in a row from 1986 to 1994.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "College soccer is played in the fall from August to December depending on if a team makes the tournament and how long they are in the tournament. Teams play conference and non-conference teams. The NCAA tournament is played in November to early December with the Final Four and Championship game played in December. There are 48 teams in the men's tournament and 64 teams in the women's tournament.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "After many months of extended unofficial discussion, on August 22, 2016, NCAA Division I men's coaches and the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) officially began an \"informational campaign\" to build support for a proposed change of the playing schedule for Division I men's soccer. Under the proposed changes of the \"Academic Year Season Model\", the number of games on the Fall schedule and the number of mid-week games would be reduced, with games added in the Spring following a Winter break, and the NCAA Division I men's soccer tournament would be moved from November and December to May and June. In addition to more closely matching the professional season, the changes address issues of player health and safety and of the time demands on student-athletes. The proposal concerns only Division I men's soccer. While a large majority of men's coaches and players support the changes, only a small minority of women's coaches and players currently do so. At this time, there is only the \"informational campaign\" \"...to educate our Athletic Directors, NCAA leadership, student athletes, coaches and fans on the advantages of this Academic Year Model,\" said Sasho Cirovski, NSCAA D1 Men's committee chair and University of Maryland head coach.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "A formal proposal was made and a vote was scheduled to take place in April, 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 2020-2021 NCAA Tournament, rescheduled to the spring of 2021, broadcasters mentioned that the vote will take place in the spring of 2022.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "While similar in general appearance, NCAA rules diverge significantly from FIFA Laws of the Game. A manager may make limited substitutions, and each player is allowed one re-entry which must occur in the second half of the match unless the substitution was caused by a player injury resulting from a caution or send-off. Since 2022, all playoff matches have an overtime period if the game remains tied after 90 minutes, but not the regular season. It consists of a regular two-half extra time period, but no golden goal. During playoff games, if neither team scores in the two ten-minute periods, it would go to a penalty shootout. College soccer is played with a clock that can be stopped when signaled to by the referee for injuries, the issuing of cards, or when the referee believes a team is wasting time. The clock is also stopped after goals until play is restarted, and the clock generally counts down from 45:00 to 0:00 in each half. In most professional soccer leagues, there is an up-counting clock with the referee adding stoppage time to the end of each 45-minute half.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In February 2017, the NCAA rules committee met to discuss a proposed rule that would change the double jeopardy rule. If the last player was to foul a player and deny a goal scoring opportunity, this rule would instead give the referee the ability to choose to issue a yellow card, if they were to feel it was a proper attempt to get the ball. The change was approved.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "On March 29, 2018, the NCAA announced that its rules committee had recommended that the organization align itself with FIFA timekeeping rules, with the new rule slated for adoption in the 2018 season. If this proposal had been adopted,", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "The committee felt that the then-current timekeeping system led to gamesmanship, specifically blatant delaying tactics, at the end of matches.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "On January 15, 2020, a change in the time frame of the men's D1 season was proposed. Known as the Twenty-first Century Model, l season across the full academic year, making it both a fall and spring sport.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The main motivations for the proposal were to reduce injury and improve the balance academic and other college experiences for athletes. In the fall during the regular season, teams may play 18 to 20 games over 10 weeks—an average of one match every 3.6 days—resulting in higher rates of injury compared to players who recovered for 6 or more days. Under the new schedule, there would be only one match per week.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "When initially proposed, the changes were supported by the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. The proposal was to be voted on in April, 2020, but was indefinitely tabled due to NCAA D1 Legislative Committees prioritizing issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 2020-2021 NCAA Tournament, broadcasters mentioned that the vote is scheduled for the spring of 2022.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "The following teams have won the College Cup two or more times.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Side Notes:", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "The following teams have won the College Cup.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "A number of American college soccer programs have developed players that have gone on to play professionally or for the U.S. national teams. Every year since its inception in 1996, Major League Soccer (MLS) has held a SuperDraft in which MLS teams draft young prospects. The draft picks in the MLS SuperDraft are often U.S.-based college soccer players. A similar format is held each year for the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL): the NWSL College Draft.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "The Hermann Trophy is awarded annually by the Missouri Athletic Club to the top male and female college soccer players in the United States.At the start of the college soccer season a list of Hermann Trophy nominees is compiled. Near the end of the college regular season, 15 players are announced as semifinalists. In early December the top three vote-getters for both the men's and women's trophy are announced as finalists. In an annual banquet held at the Missouri Athletic Club of St. Louis, the winners of the two awards are announced. Hermann Trophy winners who have starred for the U.S. national teams at multiple FIFA World Cups include Tony Meola (1989), Alexi Lalas (1991), and Claudio Reyna (1993), Michelle Akers (1988), Shannon Higgins (1989), Kristine Lilly (1991), Mia Hamm (1991–92), Tisha Venturini (1994), Shannon MacMillan (1995), Cindy Parlow (1997–98), Aly Wagner (2002), Kelley O'Hara (2009), Christen Press (2010), Crystal Dunn (2012) and Morgan Brian (2013–14).", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Many top American men's college soccer players play for separate teams in the Premier Development League (PDL) during the summer. One college club, the BYU Cougars men's team, has foregone playing in the NCAA or NAIA and instead play all of their games in the PDL.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "Several coaches who have won the College Cup have gone on to coach Division I professional soccer or even the U.S. national teams. The most well-known NCAA men's team coaches who have gone on to success in the professional ranks include Bruce Arena (four College Cups with Virginia from 1991 to 1994), and Sigi Schmid (won two College Cups with UCLA in 1985 and 1990). On the women's side, North Carolina coach Anson Dorrance coached the United States women's national soccer team during its early years from 1986 to 1994 and led the team to win the inaugural 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup in China. Former UCLA Bruins coach Jill Ellis led the national team to win its third World Cup at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Many women's college soccer players take opportunities to play professionally in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and in Europe, Asia, and Australia. Players are also chosen from college to be a member of the United States women's national soccer team. The NWSL started in 2012 and now consists of 12 teams, with two more to be added in 2024. However, the league's player draft is not restricted to college players, and the first player selected in the most recent draft in 2023, Alyssa Thompson, turned down a scholarship offer from Stanford to enter the draft,", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "Recent winners of the Mac Hermann Trophy include international players such as Kadeisha Buchanan (2016), Raquel Rodríguez (2015), Morgan Brian (2014, 2013) and Crystal Dunn (2012).", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "Recently, more and more foreign players have been introduced to American college soccer. Getting recruited from overseas, these foreign players are joining teams of many college teams. 2015 was the first year that there was a flood of international players joining these teams. These players are said to join college soccer in hopes of playing professionally in Major League Soccer and also to get the education that the United States provides, with uncertainties raised about the playing time and type of education they would receive in their countries.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "College soccer in the United States is sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the sports regulatory body for major universities, and by the governing bodies for smaller universities and colleges. This sport is played on a rectangular field of the dimensions of about 70–75 yards sideline to sideline (width), and 115–120 yards goal line to goal line (length).", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "College soccer teams play a variety of conference and non-conference games throughout the fall season, with the season culminating in the post-season tournament called the College Cup. The Saint Louis Billikens are the most successful men's team, having won 10 College Cups while the North Carolina Tar Heels led by head coach Anson Dorrance is the most successful women's college soccer team with 21 College Cup wins.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "The best men's and women's college soccer player each year is awarded the Hermann Trophy.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "There are approximately 800 NCAA men's soccer programs—206 NCAA Division I, 207 Division II, and 408 Division III. There are 959 NCAA women's soccer teams—310 Division I, 225 Division II, and 424 Division III.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "The number of men's Division I programs has stayed roughly constant since the mid-1990s, but the number of women's Division I programs has increased from 190 in 1995–96 to 310 in 2008–09.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "Among Division I all-sports conferences, only the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference does not sponsor soccer at all. All of the remaining 31 conferences sponsor women's soccer, but eight of these do not sponsor men's soccer.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "Statuses of men's soccer for each conference reflect alignments for the 2023 season.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "Of the 23 Division II all-sports conferences, only the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association and the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference do not sponsor soccer at all. All of the remaining conferences sponsor soccer for both sexes except the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference, which sponsors the sport for women only.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "All Division III all-sports conferences sponsor soccer for both sexes except the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, which sponsors the sport for women only.", "title": "United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "In the United Kingdom, the BUCS Football League governs association football in colleges and universities. There are currently 450 teams spread across the league.", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "The All Japan University Football Championship and the All Japan Women's University Football Championship are the main tournaments for universities across Japan. Both of them are played annually with 24 participating universities and distinct qualification series. The 2022 edition of both men's and women's tournaments are taking place between December 2022 and January 2023.", "title": "Asia" }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "Many college soccer players in Japan, which has a similar \"college soccer to national team\" pipeline as found in the United States, have gone on to represent their national teams. Nine players of the Japan national football team at the 2022 FIFA World Cup have a college soccer background.", "title": "Asia" }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "The university association football competition is called the U-League. Created in 2008, it is the first organized league competition for university association football teams and operates outside of the regular Korean association football league structure.", "title": "Asia" }, { "paragraph_id": 44, "text": "Many college soccer players in South Korea, which has a similar \"college soccer to national team\" pipeline as found in the United States, have gone on to represent their national teams. Historically, a majority of players who represented the South Korea national under-20 football team played soccer in college. The team's most successful result was reaching the finals of the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Similarly, the South Korea women's national under-20 football team also has players from college soccer. In the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, 16 players of the 21-woman squad were in college.", "title": "Asia" }, { "paragraph_id": 45, "text": "The UAAP Football Championship is contested by the eight members schools of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines. NCAA Philippines also sponsors a football tournament.", "title": "Asia" }, { "paragraph_id": 46, "text": "The university association football competition is called the SV-League, which is held annually among teams of university students.", "title": "Asia" }, { "paragraph_id": 47, "text": "Due to its proximity to the United States, 19 out of the 22 Canada women's national under-20 soccer team players at the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup play in the NCAA. Christine Sinclair, captain of the Canada women's national soccer team, played for the Portland Pilots women's soccer team from 2001 to 2005.", "title": "Canada" }, { "paragraph_id": 48, "text": "In Canada, there are two organizations that regulate university and collegiate athletics:", "title": "Canada" }, { "paragraph_id": 49, "text": "Varsity Football is a yearly tournament contested by South African universities in the intercollegiate league Varsity Sports (South Africa). As of the 2022 season, 8 teams participate in each of the men's and women's divisions.", "title": "South Africa" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Yaron Opshtien (Hebrew: ירון אופשטיין; born 1967) is an Israeli former paralympic competitor in table tennis and para swimming.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Opshtien was a member of the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At the 1984 Summer Paralympics he competed in table tennis and para swimming: He won a gold medal competing in table tennis at the singles C3 event. He also ranked seventh in the 25 metre freestyle C6 para swimming event. Opshtien was also to compete in the 50 metre freestyle C6 event but failed to start his swim and was not included in the final ranking.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Opshtien is founder of Acc company for graphic and online accessibility needs for the disabled.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pegzilarginase, sold under the brand name Loargys, is a medication used for the treatment of hyperargininemia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The most common side effects include allergic reactions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Pegzilarginase was approved for medical use in the European Union in December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Pegzilarginase is indicated for the treatment of arginase 1 deficiency, also known as hyperargininemia.", "title": "Medical uses" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In October 2023, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the medicinal product Loargys, intended for the treatment of hyperargininemia. The applicant for this medicinal product is Immedica Pharma AB. Pegzilarginase was approved for medical use in the European Union in December 2023.", "title": "Society and culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Pegzilarginase is the international nonproprietary name.", "title": "Society and culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Pegzilarginase is sold under the brand name Loargys.", "title": "Society and culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1987 All-Southwest Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Southwest Conference teams for the 1987 NCAA Division I-A football season. The selectors for the 1987 season included the Associated Press (AP).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Astra Zero, born Dustin Nicholls, is a Canadian digital artist, photographer, creative director, graphic designer and musician.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He began to use the name Astra Zero as a teenager in a punk band \"and we all decided we wanted alter egos and for whatever reason\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Nicholls grew up in Faro, Yukon. His biological father is part-First Nation, part-Scottish. He was a keen artist from a young age, painting and drawing. His grandfather, also an artist, taught him as a child. He began experimenting with digital art as a teenager, using a family scanner and printer saying, \"I would collect random stuff like leaves and garbage and scan it and then layer it over old photos and then print them out and draw over them.\" He then moved into using Photoshop and other similar programmes.", "title": "Family and early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Astra Zero's greatest influence is the Canadian artist, Floria Sigismondi. Other inspirations are horror, sci-fi and fantasy films, 90s cartoons plus gay and pop culture.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Collections have included Infernal, Queer Horror Icons, Night Rebels, Dirty Paper, Latex and Bones, Restless Vampire, Pop Culture and Dark Vintage.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He created historical parodies of:", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "His most popular parody is Temptation of Adam & Steve, a revamp of Adam and Eve (1628) by Peter Paul Rubens.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Astra Zero has worked regularly with Alice Glass and Alice Longyu Gao as photo and video editor, artist, photographer, animator, visualiser and director.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Astra Zero created the animation for The Pretty Reckless's 2020 music video Death by Rock and Roll with art direction by Lucas David. He created the artwork and text for the cover of REZZ + Alice Glass's single Not Enough and Saint Agnes's album Bloodsuckers. His work featured on the front cover of Bear World Magazine's 10th anniversary issue in October 2023.", "title": "Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "He has published the following books:", "title": "Publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Astra Zero has released eight singles to date:", "title": "Music" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zolana Joao is an Angolan Program Engineering Manager, space scientist and the first General Manager of the Angolan Space Program Management Office (GGPEN).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Joao earned a Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications) from Tshwane University of Technology, Dual master's degrees in electrical, electronic, and communication engineering from Tshwane and ESIEE PARIS, and Doctor of Engineering in Management of complex and large-scale projects from The George Washington University.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Joao has over 11 working experience with expertise in mission-critical projects within the space industry.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He served as acting dean, faculty of engineering Methodist University of Angola, a board member of the INACOM, and first General manager of GGPEN, shaping the Angolan Space Program from scratch to meaningful results.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Joao pioneered strategic space initiatives, orchestrated groundbreaking projects, fostered global collaborations, and championed space diplomacy, solidifying Angola's global prominence in the global space community. Joao has been invited at the White House as of the only Head of an African Space Agency to be a speaker at the US-Africa Leader Summit in 2022.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Joao's recent achievement includes launching ANGOSAT-2, an HTS satellite aiming to bridge the digital divide in Africa. For this, he received the \"Space without Borders\" medal from ROSCOSMOS.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "He led the design and delivery of several remote sensing solutions, and his Tech-Gest solution was awarded in Top 20 excellent projects from the global 100 AI projects for SDG by IRCAI, UNESCO (2022).", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Clipperton Island, also known as Île de la Passion, is an uninhabited French near-atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Vertebrates" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Celeste Dodwell is an Australian actress. She had a recurring role as Melody Jones on the Australian soap opera Home and Away.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She attended Mosman High School in Mosman, New South Wales.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Dodwell joined the soap opera Home and Away as Melody Jones in March 2008. It was reported that she was Leaving in 2009, in order to study drama in London. She graduated from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in 2013.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2016, she appeared in the fifth series of BBC One drama Call the Midwife as Roseanne Dawley, a role in which The Daily Telegraph said Dodwell did \"a fine job\" of representing a young mother with post-natal depression.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Her film roles have included Allied alongside Brad Pitt, Cyrano with Peter Dinklage and 2022 Bill Nighy film Living.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2022, she appeared as Ursula in Much Ado About Nothing at the National Theatre, London. On 8 September 2022, the production was filmed and broadcast live for cinemas. That year, she also appeared as Joanne in season three of Atlanta.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2023, Dodwell could be seen in Paramount+ thriller The Castaways alongside Sheridan Smith. That year, she was also cast in the second series of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power for Amazon Prime Video.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "She is the daughter of A Country Practice actor Grant Dodwell.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Toccata is a type of virtuoso instrumental musical composition.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Toccata may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Maine Air Museum is an aviation museum located at Bangor International Airport in Bangor, Maine.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Maine Aviation Historical Society was founded in 1967 and reformed in 1990. The society began monthly discussions with the city of Bangor in 1997 and two years later took possession of a building at the airport. This was followed one month later by the acquisition of a Stinson 10A from the Quonset Air Museum. After several years of work, the Maine Air Museum held its grand opening on 14 June 2003.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2007, the museum opened new exhibits about aerial firefighting during the 1947 fires on Mount Desert Island and aerial navigation in World War II. It received a number of new exhibits in 2010, including two about the physics of flight and a rotating beacon that had been used at Bangor International Airport. The next year, it acquired the engine and propeller of the NC-4, the first airplane to cross the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The museum is located in Building 98, a 7,000 sq ft (650 m) concrete structure with 11 ft (3.4 m) thick walls which was built in 1958 to assemble air-to-air missiles as part of Dow Air Force Base. A platform for viewing aircraft taking off and landing at the airport is attached to the side of the building.", "title": "Facilities" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Exhibits at the museum include the airlines of Maine, military crash sites in the state, the disappearance of L'Oiseau Blanc and a 1920s aircraft mechanic's workshop. Another set of displays explain aerodynamic principles.", "title": "Exhibits" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Amyris is a genus of flatworm belonging to the family Faubelidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Members of Amyris are characterized by having a true seminal vesicle, an interpolated granule vesicle, a cuticularized cirrus, and a Lang's vesicle.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Currently, the following species are accepted in Amyris:", "title": "Taxonomy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The New York State Anti-Slavery Society was established on October 21, 1835 in Peterboro, New York after the founding group had initially been driven out of Utica by an anti-anti-slavery group.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Liu Shaw-chen (Chinese: 劉紹臣; born 26 April 1944) is a Taiwanese atmospheric scientist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Liu attended the University of Pittsburgh from 1967 to 1972, and after earning his doctorate, remained at Pitt through 1974 to conduct postdoctoral research. Subsequently, Liu moved to the Space Physics Research Laboratory at the University of Michigan, where he was an associate research scientist. In 1978, Liu joined the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Aeronomy Lab as a supervisory research physicist and program chief. He left NOAA in 1996 for a chair professorship at Georgia Tech, which he held until 1999.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Liu returned to Taiwan in 1999 for a distinguished research fellowship at Academia Sinica's Institute of Earth Sciences. The following year, he was an adjunct professor at National Central University and National Taiwan University in Taiwan, and Peking University in China. Liu founded the Academia Sinica-affiliated Research Center for Environmental Changes in 2004, and remained director of the research center until 2016, when he accepted a professorship at Jinan University in China.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Liu was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union in 1994, a member of Academia Sinica in 2012, and a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 2013.", "title": "Awards and honors" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wanstead is an area of east London, England.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wanstead may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Minister of State for Regulatory Reform is a role in the Department for Business and Trade of His Majesty's Government. It has been held by The Lord Johnson of Lainston since November 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Responsibilities include:", "title": "Responsibilities" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Ministers of State for Investment" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Identification Services Bureau (Chinese: 身份證明局, Portuguese: Direcção dos Serviços de Identificação, DSI) is an agency responsible for civil and criminal identification and travel documents. It is under the administration of the Secretary for Administration and Justice.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Amyris hummelincki is a species of flatworm belonging to the family Faubelidae. It is found in the Lesser Antilles.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Amyris hummelincki is around 7.5–10 mm in length and roughly 1.5 mm in width. It is colorless when preserved. The eyes form elongate clusters of up to 20 eyes each.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Amyris hummelincki was named in honor of its collector, Pieter Wagenaar Hummelinck, a Dutch zoologist and botanist.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Amyris hummelincki is known from specimens found in the Lesser Antilles, specifically on Curaçao and Bonaire (in Kralendijk).", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lawrence J. Ryan (born December 20, 1932) is a scholar of German literature. He is emeritus professor of German from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and an honorary professor of German at the University of Tübingen, Germany.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lawrence John Ryan was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1932. He received a first-class honors leaving certificate from North Sydney Boys High School in 1949, receiving first in German for a Lithgow Scholarship. In 1953, he received a Bachelor’s from the University of Sydney. He received his doctorate from the University of Tübingen, Germany, in 1958.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "For a number of years, he oversaw the UMASS Baden-Württemberg study abroad program centered in Freiburg, Germany. He also had visiting positions at the University of Heidelberg, Germany, and University of Marburg, Germany.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Until his retirement in 1996, he was Professor of German at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He then began an honorary professorship of German at the University of Tübingen, Germany.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He is best known for his studies of the Romantic German poet, Friedrich Hölderlin. He has also published and taught on a range of other German authors, including Heinrich von Kleist, Johann Wolfgang (von) Goethe, und Franz Kafka.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Treat Me Daughter Kindly\" is a 1967 country song written by Cyril Curran and performed by Irish showband singer Pat Lynch and his band, the Airchords.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "\"Treat Me Daughter Kindly\" was released by in late 1967 and was number one on the Irish Singles Chart for four weeks.", "title": "Song history" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It was later covered by the Wolfe Tones.", "title": "Song history" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Truth or Dare\" is a song by South African singer-songwriter Tyla from her forthcoming eponymous debut studio album Tyla (2024). It was released on 1 December 2023 accompanied by the songs \"Butterflies\" and \"On and On\" by Fax and Epic Records.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The song was teased on the singer's Instagram account with a video captioned \"Truth or Dare. Pre-save, December 1\", the clip portrays Tyla breaking up with her partner due to her newfound fame.", "title": "Background and promotion" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea divaricata is a species of waterlily native to Angola, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The elongate rhizome is 1-2 cm wide. The leaves are 8-24 cm long. The foliage of Nymphaea divaricata is distinctive in that it predominantly consists of submerged leaves, with floating leaves being a rare occurrence. The leaves are divaricately lobed.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The yellow, pink or blue, floating to slightly emerging flowers are 4-10 cm wide. The four acute, lanceolate or ovate-oblong sepals are 2.6–4.5 cm long and 0.8–1.2 cm wide. The 12–15 acute, lanceolate, or obtuse petals are as long as the sepals. The androecium consists of 20–30 stamens with acute appendages of the connective. The gynoecium consists of 12–18 carpels with short styles.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It was first described by John Hutchinson in 1931.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The specific epithet divaricata references divaricately lobed leaves of this species.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The IUCN conservation status is Data Deficient (DD). It is a rare species.", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Nymphaea divaricata occurs in deep, slowly flowing waters, rivers, lakes, and pools. It also occurs in nutrient-poor waters. In its natural habitat, the submerged foliage forms a dense carpet.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Else Ury did not experience January 30, 1933, the day of Hitler’s seizure of power, as an existential threat. Like most Germans, she welcomed the \"national uprising\" and hoped that the misery of the post-war years would end and a new era would begin. In this spirit, she wrote Jugend voraus, a story for boys and girls. Once again, a completely normal family takes center stage in the story, and for the first time, Else Ury addresses the issue of unemployment.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Father Felsing is a diligent bank employee. Mother is a prudent, thrifty, and educated mother and housewife. The four children, two boys and two girls, are each in their own way clever, talented, and lovable, as Ury's heroes always were. However, the idyllic family life is significantly disrupted in the spring of 1932. Father is \"downsized,\" and the family is thrust into hardship through no fault of their own. The correct and hardworking bank employee is bewildered by his dismissal, and after a month, he must go to the welfare office. \"Their savings were almost exhausted. He had to apply for unemployment benefits if his children were not to go hungry. It was the worst day the Felsings had ever experienced when Father went to 'stamp' for the first time.\" However, the loving wife and the brave children strive to support Father. The older ones find small earning opportunities, help with household chores, and do not complain about the growing inconveniences of subletting two rooms of the apartment. In difficult times, parents can rely on the helpfulness of their children. Mother even believes that the limitations make life more suitable. Throughout the story, Else Ury increasingly uses a vocabulary like what was last found in her war books. The homeland is invoked repeatedly, even in the most mundane everyday matters. The Felsing family's subtenant, a Japanese scientist, seeks a secretary and is surprised that Mother Felsing is willing to type his work. He argues that in Japan, a woman is supposed to be the ornament of the house and, of course, does not work. In response, Mrs. Felsing says, \"We German women want to be that too. But our homeland needs the work of everyone, whether man or woman, to regain strength.\" The absurdity of this response is evident: with seven million unemployed, one cannot speak of needing the work of everyone. Moreover, \"the homeland\" does not need Mrs. Felsing; she needs the money for the next rent. This general-political elevation of everyday events takes up more and more space in the book from chapter to chapter. The summer work of 13-year-old Peter on a farm becomes a \"defense of Fatherland\" and a support for the farming class as the foundation of the German people. Naturally, it takes place again in Silesia. Agricultural work with a view of the Snowy Head. When he is hot and dusty while digging potatoes, the boy encourages himself with thoughts of German heroic deeds. Did others not endure much greater efforts and pain for their fatherland? Did they not sacrifice their healthy limbs, even their lives? And here he was complaining about a little back pain. \"The soil from which he dug the potatoes was German soil.\" He helped to extract its yield for the homeland. So, grit your teeth and forge ahead. Even the eldest proudly shows an American businessman around the city of Berlin, and when the American leaves after five days, he has the most favorable impression of Germany and its youth. The invitation from the friendly tenant to come to Japan is proudly declined because, \"Our German homeland needs its youth now. Each of us has the duty to help in the reconstruction. No one must give in to their own desires and desert their flag.\" This time, not only German Christmas is celebrated; the Japanese tenant is also enthusiastically celebrating a Protestant consecration. The confirmation or consecration, as it is called in Berlin, must be celebrated appropriately with so much new hope. Renate, a serious, industrious girl, has prepared intensively for this step and memorized all the sayings dutifully. The introductory words that the pastor gives her sound increasingly like the patriotic confessions of the German Christians: \"Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life.\" It continues, \"Yes,\" she wanted to be faithful, to her faith, her people, her duty. In the last chapter, Else Ury wrote: \"And while winter and early spring fought for supremacy, (...) early spring entered the German government. Suddenly, it was there, the general national uprising of Germany. The willing Germans joined together under the leadership of Chancellor Hitler. They all wanted to help, to make Germany great and strong again, to free it from its economic distress. The entire German people united to put an end to the misery of the post-war years (...) Berlin was a sea of flags. Everyone hoped for better times. Leading the way, the youth, the hope of the German people.\" The hopes are fulfilled: Father has found work, and May 1, traditionally a day of labor struggle, suddenly appears as a national day of joy. \"May 1st gilds the festival of national work with bright sunshine. Spring-green garlands decorate the houses, churches, and squares, winding across the streets of Berlin. Flags flutter colorfully in the spring breeze. Outside on Tempelhof Field, there is feverish activity. The hustle and bustle begin in the early dawn. Delivery trucks rattle to bring the groceries for the masses who want to celebrate the festival here. At the entrance to the lime trees, a large banner reads, 'Only a strong Germany can provide work for the German people.' Down the spring-green lime trees, which have already witnessed many great hours, down to the Lustgarten, flows a surging sea of school children. Youth marches. And while all the formations, associations, guilds, unions, and businesses, all of working Berlin, march out to Tempelhof Field, while thousands and tens of thousands are transported to the national festival of labor in specially decorated trains, flower-decked cars, and airplanes from outside the city, Berlin youth gathers for the national rally in the Lustgarten. Young Germany awaits the aged President Paul von Hindenburg and the Chancellor Hitler (...) The cheerful murmur of the children suddenly falls silent. From the castle ramp, the Berliner Singers Association (Berliner Sängerbund) solemnly plays the song 'Germany, you my fatherland.' Giant loudspeakers broadcast the rally (...) Only with difficulty can the car, embodying the old and young Germany, make its way past the living wall of youth cheering them on until it reaches the Lustgarten (...) A new wave of cheers as the President Paul von Hindenburg reaches the speaker's platform. Amidst a hundred thousand bright children's voices, it resounds: 'I have surrendered with heart and with hand to you, land full of love and life, my fatherland.' Despite the human flood, there is silence. The old field marshal continues. He greets the youth gathered here from all walks of life, to pledge themselves to the common fatherland, to the dutiful dedication to the nation, to respect for productive work. 'You are our future! You must take the heritage of our Fathers on your shoulders to preserve, strengthen, and expand it. Only he who learns to obey can later command. Only he who has reverence for the past of our people can master its future.' With a triple cheer for Germany, the elderly President concludes. The German national anthem resounds. The entire German people—all of them want to unite and help in national work. Youth leads the way!\"", "title": "Plot summary" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "There were suspicions that someone had manipulated \"Jugend voraus\" against Else Ury's will and Nazified it without her knowledge. Meidingers Jugendschriften Verlag was a subsidiary of the Jewish department store conglomerate Wertheim. In 1941, Meidingers’ name ceased to exist, and its assets were taken over by the Globus Verlag, apparently an \"Aryanization measure.\" The publishing house was probably under political pressure in 1933. The question remains whether Else Ury shaped the tenor of the book of her own accord or whether she was forced in some way. Financially, she did not need to applaud Hitler publicly against her convictions after 38 successful books and numerous other publications. Ury biographer Marianne Brentzel interviewed Ury’s nephew Klaus Heymann, whose recollection dispels all doubts about the authenticity of the book. His aunt showed him the end of the book when he was age 15 and asked for his opinion. It was in the Riesengeberge, and what he read did not please him. He said she couldn't include such things in her book. \"But she thought she had to, otherwise the whole thing wouldn't end correctly, and she wanted to conclude the story with this national uprising.\" Only about the last drawing of the League of German Girls in uniform and with the swastika flag did his aunt get terribly upset and ask the publisher to at least remove the swastika flag. \"The publisher refused, and she was more than disappointed, she was quite angry about it. I still know that.\"", "title": "Background" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robēl (Ge’ez: ሮቤል) was a general and governor in the Ethiopian Empire under Lebna Dengel. He was killed in The Battle of Shimbra Kure.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A native of Tegre, little is known of Robēl's life before the Ethiopian-Adal War however Robēl is mentioned in Ethiopian sources as the Governor of Dawaro and Amba Geshen while in Muslim sources he is simply referred to as a Patrician from Tegre. He along with his younger brother Aqba Mikā’īl were both killed in Shimbra Kure. The Muslim Chronicler notes that Robēl was killed by an equerry of Imam Ahmad Gurey at Shimbra Kure while his younger brother, Aqba Mikā’īl was killed by The Imam himself. His eldest son Amda Mikā’īl was killed by Abubaker Qecchin during the Battle of Dakan Dur.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eileen Marie Seeley is an American actress. She is known for her role as Jenny in the TV series Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1987).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Seeley was born in Rockland County, New York. She graduated from Cumberland Valley High School in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in theater and dance at Point Park College in Pittsburgh.", "title": "Early life and education" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vũ Văn Thái (26 January 1919 – 19 April 1994) was a Vietnamese engineer and economist, and former Ambassador of the Republic of Vietnam to the United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Vũ Văn Thái was born on 26 January 1919 in Hanoi, French Indochina.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After receiving secondary education in Vietnam, Vũ Văn Thái went to France to study. From 1939 to 1944, he studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris and received a diploma in science. From 1944 to 1946, he entered the National Scientific Research Center on a scholarship.From 1946 to 1949, Vũ Văn Thái served as laboratory director at the National Scientific Research Center. He graduated from Sorbonne University in 1954 with a Master of Science diploma.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Although Vũ Văn Thái's father, a famous Vietnamese textile manufacturer, was murdered by the Việt Minh in 1947, As a Viet Minh sympathizer, Vũ Văn Thái supported the Viet Minh's resistance to the French colonialists in the late 1940s and early 1950s. During this period, he served as Hồ Chí Minh's adviser in the negotiations for Vietnam's independence. When efforts to negotiate failed, fighting broke out between the Việt Minh and the French, and Vũ Văn Thái left the Việt Minh after confirming their communist nature.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After the Geneva Conference in 1954, Vũ Văn Thái joined the government of the State of Vietnam.He successively served as the director of the Tonggan Dam Reconstruction Planning Bureau, and director of the Budget and Foreign Aid Bureau. In 1961, a conflict broke out between Vũ Văn Thái and Ngô Đình Diệm, and he resigned from the government. He then moved to the United Nations Secretariat, where he served first as a consultant in the Finance and Financial Sector and then as a consultant to the Government of Togo.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After Diệm was overthrown by a coup, Vũ Văn Thái returned to Vietnam and was appointed ambassador to the United States, but he declined the appointment after Nguyễn Khánh launched a military coup and returned to the United Nations Secretariat and was appointed as the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1965, Vũ Văn Thái served as the third Ambassador of the Republic of Vietnam to the United States, and submitted his credentials to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson on 16 December 1965. In December 1966, Vũ Văn Thái was replaced as ambassador to the United States.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On 19 April 1994, Vũ Văn Thái passed away in Saint-Tropez, France.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "His wife, Simone Garoute, is French, and they have three daughters.", "title": "Family" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "White on White is a 1918 abstract oil-on-canvas painting by Kazimir Malevich.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "White on White may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Switzerland has tobacco legislation defined at federal and cantonal level. It covers protection of the population against passive smoking, restrictions on tobacco advertising, warnings on packaging and taxes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Switzerland is one of the few European countries (along with Monaco and Liechtenstein) not to have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It signed it on June 25, 2004, but will only be able to proceed with ratification once it has brought its national legislation into line with the treaty, in accordance with Swiss law on international treaties. In 2015, ratification was included in the 2020 objectives of the Federal Office of Public Health.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A Tobacco Bill was proposed by the Federal Council in November 2015. It aimed to strengthen protection against smoking, but was considered \"a minimal project [...] lagging behind certain measures taken in foreign countries\" by Alain Berset, the Federal Councillor and head of the Federal Department of Home Affairs behind the project. However, it was considered too restrictive by the Health Committee of the Council of States, which rejected it. A new version of the bill, proposed in December 2017, dropped the bans on cinema, poster and press advertising. It failed to enable Switzerland to achieve its goal of ratifying the WHO Framework Convention, and was deemed clearly insufficient by Swiss prevention circles, who campaigned for a total ban on advertising and sponsorship of public or private events.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "A new bill was put out to consultation in 2018, with almost no new advertising restrictions. The \"tobacco-free children\" initiative was launched in March 2018 to propose a slightly more ambitious law to control advertising.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In October 2021, the Federal Assembly passed a federal law on tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (Tobacco Products Act, LPTab). It was due to come into force by mid-2023.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A federal parliamentary initiative was launched in 2006 by National Councillor Felix Gutzwiller to strengthen protection against passive smoking in public places. It proposed amending the Labor Act to establish the principle that workers should be able to carry out their activities without being exposed to passive smoke. This initiative was accepted by the National Council on October 4, 2007.", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Following the referendum, a law was introduced at federal level in 2010. It imposed the principle that smoking was prohibited in public places and workplaces, but did not apply to catering establishments of less than 80 square meters, which could be operated as smoking establishments. Served smoking rooms were also permitted.", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The right-wing parties opposed the text and defended the \"right to smoke\" and the freedom of shopkeepers to decide whether or not their establishments would be smoking, in the name in particular of the attractiveness of Switzerland as a tourist destination, while the left-wing parties defended a more general ban.", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "A new initiative to strengthen this ban was rejected on September 23, 2012, including by the cantons that had overwhelmingly approved the imposition of additional restrictions at home. The canton of Geneva was the only one to vote overwhelmingly in favor of a stricter ban at federal level.", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In Switzerland, each canton can legislate in its own area of jurisdiction (e.g. health and hygiene). Cantons are thus able to enact laws that are more restrictive than federal law.", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Swiss cantons can be broadly grouped into three categories:", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Almost all the French-speaking cantons belong to the first category; only the canton of Jura is limited to applying federal law. In contrast, the cantons in the third category are almost all German-speaking.", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Detailed information on some cantons that have adopted laws more restrictive than the federal law:", "title": "Passive smoking" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Unlike other European countries, tobacco advertising is still very present in Switzerland, particularly at points of sale, discotheques and youth festivals. Advertising is regulated, but the legislation is not as strict as elsewhere.", "title": "Tobacco advertising" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Tobacco product advertising is banned on radio and television (Article 10 of the Federal Law on Radio and Television), but remains authorized in newspapers and magazines, on billboards, in cinemas, on articles of daily consumption and at points of sale, as well as direct promotion and direct mailings aimed at adults. A large number of cultural events are sponsored by the tobacco industry, which takes advantage of the opportunity to carry out promotional operations (special cigarette packs for the event, for example). Many festivals are sponsored by the tobacco industry. Switzerland is the last European country, along with Belarus, to authorize tobacco industry sponsorship of events.", "title": "Tobacco advertising" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "A bill to further restrict tobacco advertising is being considered, but it would not affect sponsorship operations. The advertising industry is opposed. Federal Councillor Alain Berset's proposal for a partial ban was rejected by the Council of States in June 2016, then by the National Council on December 8, 2016, despite 58% of the population declaring themselves in favor of a total ban, as practiced in France and Italy, for example.", "title": "Tobacco advertising" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Faced with the bill's lack of ambition, the \"children without tobacco\" initiative was launched in March 2018 to obtain a ban, for tobacco products, on \"all forms of advertising that reach children and young people\". It is supported by health and youth organizations and can be signed online as well as in doctors' offices and pharmacies. The ban would apply in particular to advertising in cinemas, on billboards and at points of sale. The initiative committee is chaired by Hans Stöckli. On August 26, 2020, the Federal Council proposed that Parliament recommend rejection of the initiative.", "title": "Tobacco advertising" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "In September 2019, the Council of States proposed banning advertising in magazines and on the internet, as well as tobacco industry sponsorship of international events or events organized by the Confederation, cantons or municipalities. Under this proposal, advertising in cinemas, on everyday consumer goods, at points of sale and by direct mail to adults would remain authorized. The \"Tobacco-Free Kids\" initiative was scheduled to be put to the vote on February 13, 2022.", "title": "Tobacco advertising" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Some cantons impose additional restrictions on tobacco advertising, particularly with regard to public signs and signs visible from the public domain. The Canton of Vaud, for example, has a more restrictive law: the Advertising Act prohibits tobacco advertising in the public domain and on private property visible from the public domain. A small number of cantons also ban cinema advertising (Geneva, Obwalden, St. Gallen, Solothurn and Valais) and sponsorship activities (Solothurn and Valais).", "title": "Tobacco advertising" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "By 2021, fifteen cantons will have banned the sale of tobacco products to minors under the age of 18, nine other cantons have set the limit at 16 and two cantons have no limit.", "title": "Tobacco sale age" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Taxation is governed by the Federal Tobacco Tax Act. Conventional cigarettes are taxed at 54%; other tobacco products are taxed at a lower rate, including heated tobacco at 12%.", "title": "Taxation" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Charles William Tyrrell (16 May, 1910 – 7 January, 1972) was a British chartered accountant who was instrumental in establishing the Booker Prize.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Charles William Tyrrell was born in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, the third of four children to Charles Ethelbert (Charlie) Tyrrell and Emily Jane Tyrrell (née Hacking). He studied at Stowe School in Buckinghamshire, England. Tyrrell was first married to Catherine Ivy Francis (née Wentworth). In September 1949, he married Joan Hayman Tyrrell (née Hooper) and they had three daughters, Emma, Sally and Beverly. A grandson, Harry Jonas, is an international lawyer and social entrepreneur.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tyrrell trained at Broads Paterson & Co. in London and later worked with Arthur Young & Co. in New York (now both merged to become Ernst & Young). He joined the Booker Group (formerly Booker-McConnell) and became the first Chairman of the Author’s Division, acquiring rights to Ian Fleming and Agatha Christie’s works, among others. On 6 May, 1968, Tom Maschler, of Jonathan Cape and Publishers’ Association, wrote to Tyrrell to suggest instituting “a major literary award” and requested finance from Booker-McConnell. A decision to proceed with the establishment of a prize was communicated to Maschler by Tyrrell in person at the offices of Jonathan Cape on 8 May, 1968. On 15 May, 1968, Tyrrell wrote to Maschler to express that he was confident that the terms of the award could be “agreed with speed and sweet reason”. In 1969, P. H. Newby became the first winner of the Booker Prize (then known as the Booker-McConnell Prize).", "title": "Booker Prize" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Edward Charles FitzClarence, 6th Earl of Munster (3 October 1899 – 15 November 1983) was a British peer.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was the son of Brigadier-General Charles FitzClarence from his marriage to Violet Spencer-Churchill. He attended Eton College and the Royal Military College and then served as a captain in the Irish Guards. On 26 August 1975 he succeeded his childless second cousin, Geoffrey FitzClarence, 5th Earl of Munster, as 6th Earl of Munster and sat in the House of Lords.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On July 30, 1925, he married Monica Grayson, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Grayson, 1st Baronet. They divorced in 1930. They had two children:", "title": "Marriages and offspring" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On September 28, 1939, he married his second wife, Vivian Scholfield. They had no children.", "title": "Marriages and offspring" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Charles Euan Duthie, Lord Duthie (born 1975), is a Scottish judge who has served as Senator of the College of Justice since 9 January 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lord Duthie is also the Chair of the Scottish Land Court and President of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Duthie is the son of Charles Whytock Duthie, a company director, and Catherine née MacPherson. He was educated at George Heriot's School, and he studied at the University of St Andrews and the University of Edinburgh. He married Sarah Kathryn Woodbury.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Between 2001 and 2003 Duthie trained as a solicitor, then was employed until 2005 at Burness Solicitors, Edinburgh. In 2006 he was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates, or called to the Bar.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Duthie held the position of Standing Junior Counsel to the Advocate General from 2012 to 2021. He was also a fee-paid judge of the First-tier Tribunal from 2014 to 2022. He held the position of ad hoc Advocate Depute in 2015. Between 2021 and 2023, before being appointed to the Land Court, Duthie was a sheriff at Perth Sheriff Court. As Sheriff, Duthie's cases included various issues of dangerous driving, drugs and violence. Since September 2019, he has been a King's Counsel (Scotland). From 2023 he was Chair of the Scottish Land Court and President of the Lands Tribunal for Scotland.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Duthie was a Lieutenant of the Royal Naval Reserve, and is now on the Retired List. He was appointed legal adviser to the European Union Naval Force in 2010, and served in the Volunteer Reserves in 2015.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Duthie was Chairman of Maltings (Berwick) Trust between 2018 and 2021.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "St Anthony's Hall (Irish: Halla Naomh Antaine), previously known as St Anthony's Parish Church (Irish: Eaglais Pharóiste Naomh Antaine) and, before that, Contarf Town Hall (Irish: Halla an Bhaile Cluain Tarbh) is a former ecclesiastical building and, before that, municipal building in Clontarf Road, Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland. It is now used as a parish hall for St Anthony's Church.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After significant population growth, partly as a tourist destination but also associated with its development as a residential suburb of Dublin, the township of Clontarf appointed town commissioners in 1869. In the early 1890s, the town commissioners decided to erect a town hall: the site they selected on the north side of Clontarf Road was donated by the local land-owner, Colonel Edward Vernon, whose seat was at Clontarf Castle. The new building was designed by William George Perrott in the Gothic Revival style, built by Robert Farquharson in red brick and was completed in 1896. The design involved a gabled main frontage facing onto Clontarf Road. The side elevations of six bays each were fenestrated by pairs of lancet windows and flanked by buttresses.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1899, the town commissioners were replaced by an urban district council, with the building on Clontarf Road briefly serving as the meeting place of the new council. However, the town hall ceased to the local seat of government in 1900, when the urban district was annexed by the City of Dublin.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Irish republican, Michael McGinn, became caretaker of the town hall in 1901, and also became keeper of the town hall library, which was established in the building in 1902. He played an important role in facilitating meetings of the supreme council of the Irish Republican Brotherhood at the town hall. It was at such a meeting in the town hall, in January 1916, that the supreme council agreed a proposal from Seán Mac Diarmada that a rebellion should proceed \"at the earliest date possible\". It was at the same meeting that the leader of the Irish Citizen Army, James Connolly, was persuaded to join the rebellion. In April 1916, another republican, Paddy Daly, was questioned in the town hall on his proposal to destroy the Magazine Fort in the Phoenix Park: the Easter Rising went ahead later that day.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The town hall, which had already started showing silent films re-opened after the First World War as a picture theatre in December 1919. After Michael McGinn's death, his wife, Catherine, became caretaker at the town hall and provided accommodation for republican leaders during the Irish War of Independence.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The building was converted into a chapel of ease in 1926. The main frontage facing onto Clontarf Road was refaced in rusticated granite. The new facing featured an arched doorway, which was dressed with an ashlar granite architrave and enhanced with a carved shield in the tympanum. The entrance was flanked by two small arched windows and, there was a tripartite mullioned window in the first floor. It went on to be a parish church in its own right, as St Anthony's Parish Church, in 1966.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After a modern Catholic Church was built for the parish just to the north in 1975, the original building was converted for use as the parish hall for the area and became known as St Anthony's Hall. The former presbytery at the back of the hall was demolished in 1998.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Khobe Clarke was born in 2000 in Calgary, Alberta. He is an actor known for his roles in the television shows Firefly Lane,Yellowjackets, and V.C. Andrews’ Dawn, as well as in the upcoming Cruel Intentions series. In 2019, he and his father Jamie Clarke travelled across Mongolia as a digital detox. He currently lives in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Clarke grew up in Calgary to parents Jamie and Barbara Clarke, and he has a younger sister, Jaela. He attended Calgary Academy for high school, graduating in 2019.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As a teenager, Clarke worked at the outdoor gear retailer Out There Adventure Centre that his father co-founded. He later worked in landscaping, as a bartender, and at a golf course.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2019, Clarke and his father ventured across Mongolia on a one month expedition without their phones to \"detox,\" making local and national news. They travelled on motorcycles, horses and camels, going west from Ulaanbaatar. The Clarkes hiked many mountains along the way such as the Khüten Peak, the highest mountain in Mongolia. Overall, they travelled over 2,200 kilometers (1,367 miles).", "title": "Mongolia Trip" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Clarke began acting in high schools, performing in productions of Sweeny Todd and The Wedding Singer.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "His professional career began with a gum commercial before he landed the role of Kyle in Yellowjackets, being featured in three episodes in season one and two. He then played Coop in five episodes of Firefly Lane. In 2023, Clarke played the lead role of Jimmy in the limited-part series V.C Andrew's Dawn. It was announced in June 2023 that he would be playing Scott, \"the son of a congressman and a new recruit for Alpha Gamma,\" in the upcoming Cruel Intentions television series.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rosa M. Towne (1827 – December 3, 1909) was an American painter.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Rosa M. Towne was born on 1827, the daughter of John Towne, a wealthy businessman, and Sarah Robinson Towne. Her siblings included artist Ann Sophia Towne Darrah, educator Laura Matilda Towne, and engineer John Henry Towne.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Towne is best known for her botanical watercolors. Between 1888 and 1898, Towne completed 73 paintings of 182 plants, all of the plants mentioned in the works of Shakespeare. Oakes Ames purchased them for the Harvard Botanical Museum and his successor Richard Evans Schultes published reproductions of them as Plant Lore of Shakespeare (1974).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "John Henry Towne built a memorial fountain in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania dedicated to her work with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Rosa M. Towne died on December 3, 1909.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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