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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Devil: The British Secret Agent is a 2023 Indian Telugu-language action drama film written by Srikanth Vissa and directed by Abhishek Nama. Produced by Abhishek Nama and Devansh Nama under Abhishek Pictures, it stars Nandamuri Kalyan Ram, Samyuktha Menon and Elnaaz Norouzi. The film was theatrically released in India on 29 December 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film was announced in July 2021. Naveen Medaram, of Babu Baga Busy (2017) fame, was the initial director of the film and even shot for 105 days in Karaikudi, Visakhapatnam, and Hyderabad. However, owing to creative differences he was replaced with Abhishek Nama. The filming was wrapped up in April 2023.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The soundtrack album and film score of the film was composed by Harshavardhan Rameshwar. The music rights of the film were acquired by ICON Music. The first track from the album, \"Maaye Chesi\", released on 19 September 2023, followed by the second track, \"This is Lady Rosy\", on 27 November 2023, and followed by the third track, \"Doorame Theeramai\", on 18 December 2023.", "title": "Soundtrack" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Devil: The British Secret Agent was expected to be released theatrically on 24 November 2023, but postponed to 29 December 2023.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Raghu Bandi of Indian Express gave the film 1.5/5 stars in his review. Abhilasha Cherukuri of Cinema Express gave the film 2.5/5 stars in her review. Suresh Rachamalla of News18 gave the film 3 out of 5 stars in his review. Suhas Sistu of The Hans India gave the film 3 out of 5 stars in his review. Hindustan Times also reviewed the film.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "On 5 December 1974, at Kramat Road off Orchard Road, 22-year-old Wong Thng Kiat (王昌权 Wáng Chāngquán), the operator of a call-girl syndicate, was stabbed to death after he got into a fight with another man who used a knife to stab him, and the fight arose from a quarrel over a missing gold bracelet. Within a few days, the killer, 21-year-old Tay Eng Whatt (郑永发 Zhèng Yǒngfā), was arrested and charged with murder. On 23 July 1976, Tay was found guilty and sentenced to hang for the murder, after the trial court rejected his defence that he killed Wong as a result of a fight and self-defence. Tay's appeals were later dismissed by both the Singaporean Court of Appeal and Privy Council in London, and on 29 June 1979, Tay was put to death in Changi Prison.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On the night of 5 December 1974, at Kramat Road off Orchard Road, a man was grievously stabbed several times before he died.", "title": "Fatal stabbing of Wong" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "First-hand witness accounts revealed that before the stabbing incident, a couple, identified as the victim and his girlfriend, was walking along Kramat Road when they met another couple, and after this, the two women engaged in a heated argument over a matter, and as the women fought, the victim intervened to help his girlfriend and this led to the male partner of the other woman brandishing a knife and stab the victim. The victim, identified as 22-year-old lorry driver Wong Thng Kiat, died as a result of the stabbing, and had stab wounds on his head, shoulders and hands. Wong's 18-year-old girlfriend Ng Poh Sua (alias Lilian), who was not stabbed, ran into a hotel to call the police. She reportedly told the police that she knew the woman, who used to be her roommate, and they argued over some missing jewellery, which likely led to the stabbing of her boyfriend.", "title": "Fatal stabbing of Wong" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "An autopsy was later conducted by Dr Seah Han Cheow, a forensic pathologist who would later appear as a witness during the trial of the murderer (who surrendered himself three days later). Dr Seah found that out of all the stab wounds on Wong's corpse, one of them was inflicted close to Wong's right temple and eye, and the wound, which measured 5cm deep, had penetrated the brain and caused serious damage. Dr Seah testified that this particular injury was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause the death of 22-year-old Wong, who reportedly operated a call-girl syndicate prior to the murder.", "title": "Fatal stabbing of Wong" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After the stabbing incident, the police launched a nationwide manhunt for the couple whom they suspected to be involved in the murder, and the victim Wong Thng Kiat's girlfriend was also brought in for questioning regarding the matter. Subsequently, two men were reported to have given their assistance in investigations during a police probe.", "title": "Murder charge" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 9 December 1974, it was reported that a 21-year-old unemployed man, whose name was Tay Eng Whatt, was arrested and charged with murder, and he was remanded for a week at the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) to assist in police investigations. As the charge of murder which Tay faced came under Section 302 of the Penal Code, if Tay was found guilty of murdering Wong under this section, he would be given the mandatory death sentence upon his conviction. Tay was scheduled to return to court on 16 December 1974, and was later remanded while pending trial.", "title": "Murder charge" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On 14 July 1976, Tay Eng Whatt stood trial at the High Court for one count of murdering Wong Thng Kiat back in December 1974. Tay was represented by Cheong Kok Fu and Nathan Isaac, while the prosecution was led by Lawrence Ang. The trial was presided over by Justice D C D’Cotta and Justice T Kulasekaram.", "title": "Trial of Tay Eng Whatt" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The trial court was told that a day before the murder, Wong's girlfriend Ng Poh Sua and another call-girl named Lim Meng Jiong (alias Jenny) had a fight over a missing gold bracelet. After the fight subsided, the two women decided to settle between themselves and to not argue over this any longer. However, Lim’s boyfriend, revealed to be the defendant Tay Eng Whatt, found out about the fight after he first noticed a scratch mark on his girlfriend and inquired her about it. Angered over the incident, Tay, together with Lim, went to confront Wong and Ng at Kamrat Road the following night, and Tay demanded that Wong slap his girlfriend in order to “save face” for himself, and Wong refused to. This led to another fight between the two couples, and Tay used a knife to stab Wong to death in the course of the fight before he and Lim fled the scene. Toh Kim Hong (alias Ah Leong) and Goh Ee (alias Ah Hong), who were both present at the scene and knew Wong, testified that they saw Tay taking out the knife during the dispute and had stabbed Wong to death. Lim was not charged for her involvement in the case.", "title": "Trial of Tay Eng Whatt" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Tay's lawyers told the court that their main defence against the murder charge was that the killing was done out of self-defence. When Tay was called to testify in his defence, he denied that he was the owner of the knife used to stab Wong. Instead, he fingered Wong as the person who was armed with the knife. Tay recounted under oath that on that fateful night, when he and Lim were arguing with both Ng and Wong, Wong suddenly took out the knife and wanted to hurt Tay, and during the scuffle, Tay disarmed Wong and gained possession of the knife and swung it at Wong to prevent Wong from attacking him, which resulted in the stabbing itself. From this, Tay claimed that the death of Wong resulted from Tay acting in self-defence and admitted that while he indeed stabbed Wong, he never had any intention to commit murder all along.", "title": "Trial of Tay Eng Whatt" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "On 22 July 1976, Justice T Kulasekaram and Justice D C D’Cotta delivered their verdict. Justice Kulasekaram, who pronounced the decision in court, stated that based on witness testimony, it was more likely that the knife belonged to Tay, and Tay had truly armed himself before he went to confront Wong, and had first brandished it before stabbing Wong to death, and Justice Kulasekaram stated that both he and Justice D’Cotta did not believe Tay’s story that the knife belonged to Wong or that Wong first took out the knife before Tay gained possession of it and harmed Wong. Having rejected Tay’s account, the judge in turn rejected Tay’s claim that he acted in self-defence, as Tay clearly exceeded his right to self-defence, even if acknowledging that the knife belonged to Wong, since Tay, who alone was armed, took undue advantage and attacked the unarmed Wong. Given the fact that Tay intentionally stabbed Wong several times, and one of the stab wounds inflicted on Wong’s head was sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death, not excluding the fact that Tay had the intent to cause death, the trial judges concluded that there were sufficient grounds to return with a verdict of murder in Tay’s case.", "title": "Trial of Tay Eng Whatt" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Therefore, 23-year-old Tay Eng Whatt was found guilty of murder, and sentenced to death. Under Singaporean law, the death penalty was mandated as the sole punishment for murder upon an offender’s conviction for murder in Singapore’s jurisdiction.", "title": "Trial of Tay Eng Whatt" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "On 11 October 1977, through his new lawyer David Saul Marshall, Tay Eng Whatt filed an appeal to the Court of Appeal against his conviction and sentence. However, the three appellate judges - Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin, Justice Choor Singh and Justice Arumugam Ponnu Rajah (or A. P. Rajah) - rejected Tay’s appeal and found that the trial court was correct to convict Tay of murder, as there was an inherently clear intention on Tay’s part to commit murder when he brought a knife along with him before the confrontation with Wong Thng Kiat and he had an intent to cause death by inflicting fatal injuries on Wong.", "title": "Appeal processes" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "On 6 February 1979, Tay applied for special leave to appeal to the Privy Council in London for a review of his case. However, the Privy Council refused to grant Tay’s motion and hence Tay lost his final court bid to escape the gallows. On that same day itself, Teoh Soon Lee, another Singaporean who was sentenced to hang for the 1975 murder of Koh Ah Peng, had also lost his petition for an appeal to the Privy Council against his conviction.", "title": "Appeal processes" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "As of April 1979, Tay was one of the 29 people held on death row for murder and drug trafficking at Singapore's Changi Prison, the only prison in Singapore where judicial executions were carried out by hanging, the only method of execution allowed in Singapore. Tay was one of the four people who had exhausted all their avenues of appeal and left with a final recourse to petition for presidential clemency, which may enabled a convict's death sentence be commuted to life imprisonment, but it was unknown if Tay had done so.", "title": "Appeal processes" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "On 29 June 1979, after he finished his last breakfast, 26-year-old Tay Eng Whatt was hanged in Changi Prison at dawn. When the authorities announced his execution, Tay was reported to be the fifth person executed in Singapore during the year of 1979.", "title": "Execution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Double Demon is a 1951 Australian radio serial by Max Afford featuriing his detective hero, Jeffrey Blackburn. He wrote it after returning to Australia following a long trip to England, whereupon he signed a contract with the ABC..", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to ABC Weekly \"it is the first time the Blackburns have travelled to Australia It is also the first thriller, as far as Mr. Afford knows, in which the detective knows who the criminal is, but—coming from another country—has no legal status to act.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Melbourne Advocate, reviewing the first episode, said \"The main fault\" of the production \"lay with production and acting, which were incredibly bad. The show might have been put on by the rawest bunch of amateurs getting their first chance on a country station. Characters were not clearly defined—some of the blame here, but by no means all, may be laid at the writer's door. His sturdy Australian, for instance, was a conventional stage caricature, but the landlady and her staff of freaks promise something better.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "42°59′13″N 81°14′35″W / 42.986950°N 81.243177°W / 42.986950; -81.243177", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Fluidesign is a Canadian manufacturer of racing rowing shells.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Fluidesign began as a project within Diamond, which experimented with various products before focusing on rowing shells. Gord Henry, an Olympian, was instrumental in the development of the company's first racing shell. The company officially started in 1999, embracing carbon fiber composite construction and aerodynamic designs for improved performance.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Operating from London, Ontario, Fluidesign is committed to craftsmanship and quality. It specializes in innovative designs like the bow-mounted rigger, a feature tested and refined in collaboration with Michigan University, leading to enhanced speed and reduced drag.", "title": "Today" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Fluidesign's shells are notable for not incorporating a core between carbon layers, using specially woven fibers for stiffness and durability. The company's design philosophy emphasizes speed, lightness, and strength, making their boats popular in competitive rowing.", "title": "Products" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Fluidesign boats have been endorsed by several Olympians and competitive rowers for their speed, durability, and innovative design, contributing significantly to the sport's competitive landscape.", "title": "Endorsements" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The company's partnership with EXR, a virtual indoor rowing app, demonstrates its commitment to innovation, allowing rowers to experience Fluidesign boats in virtual environments.", "title": "Partnerships" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 SuperMotocross World Championship is the second edition of the premier combined discipline off-road motorcycle racing competition, held in the United States. Combining the AMA Supercross Championship and the AMA Motocross Championship, along with three final SuperMotocross rounds, the total length of the series will run from January to September.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jett Lawrence goes into the season as the reigning overall champion in the 450cc class, whilst Haiden Deegan begins the campaign as the defending champion in the 250cc class.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The 2024 AMA Supercross Championship is the 51st season of off-road stadium motorcycle racing in the United States. Comprising 17 rounds, the series will run from January until May, crowning supercross champions in both the 250cc and 450cc classes, concluding with the Salt Lake City round on May 11.", "title": "2024 AMA Supercross Championship" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The 2024 AMA Motocross Championship is the 53rdd season of the premier off-road motocross racing series in the United States. Comprising eleven rounds across three months from late May until August, the series will crown champions in both 250cc and 450cc classes.", "title": "2024 AMA Motocross Championship" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The 2024 SuperMotocross World Championship is the second season of the premier worldwide off-road motorcycle racing series, to be held in the United States. Combining the results of the 17 AMA Supercross Championship rounds and 11 AMA Motocross Championship events, the series comprises 31 rounds in total, with three dedicated SuperMotocross rounds that determines the overall champion of AMA off-road motocycle racing for the season.", "title": "2023 SuperMotocross World Championship" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Irene McFarland was an American aviator and the first woman to join the Caterpillar Club and is the first woman known to have made a safe landing using a parachute in 1925.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "It Walks by Night is a Australian radio serial by Max Afford featuriing his detective hero, Jeffrey Blackburn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "(\"It Walks by Night\" was also the title of an episode of another Blackburn serial, Grey face.)", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Mary McGregor and Douglas Kelly played the lead roles of Elizabeth and Jeffrey Blackburn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The serial was being played again in 1954 when Afford died.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Madhuri Pawar (born 21 March 1993) is an Indian actress and dancer from Maharashtra, who started her career as a choreographer, winning the first season of the dance reality show Apsara Aali.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She worked as an actress in Devmanus, RaanBaazaar, London Missal, and Irsal.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "#REDIRECT Israel", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Girlfriend, Girlfriend, written and illustrated by Hiroyuki, was serialized in Kodansha's Weekly Shōnen Magazine from March 4, 2020, to May 24, 2023. Sixteen tankōbon volumes have been published from June 17, 2020, to July 14, 2023. A commercial to promote the series, starring Ayana Taketatsu and Ayane Sakura, was released on October 23, 2020.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In February 2021, Kodansha USA announced the English digital release of the series in North America and the first volume was released on April 6, 2021.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anthony Patti (born November 28, 2002) is a Brazilian-American soccer player who currently plays for Albion San Diego in the National Independent Soccer Association.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Patti played his freshman year at Mercer University, making ten appearances. He then transferred to University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, where he made 11 appearances with two goals in the 2022 season.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Patti signed with NISA side Albion San Diego ahead of the 2023 season. He made 23 starts for the club with one goal and an assist.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Patti was born in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil before emigrating with his family to the Dallas, Texas area of the US at the age of five.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tadeusz Bednarowicz (28 August 1906 – September 1939), also known as Marian Bednarowicz, was a Polish professional footballer who played as a goalkepeer in Liga Piłki Nożnej for Legia Warsaw. He disappeared during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rapti Provincial Hospital is a government hospital located in Tulsipur, Dang in Lumbini Province of Nepal. The hospital is considered a crucial resource for healthcare to poor citizens who cannot afford treatments in the private hospitals. It is referred as one of the largest hospital in Nepal. People living in Salyan, Rolpa, Rukum, Pyuthan and Jajarkot also takes advantage of this hospital service. According to Government of Nepal it was upgraded to 50 bedded hospital in 2065 BS (2008-2009). Currently, it's running with running 200 beds as a provincial hospital. It provides Emergency and OPD services with zero cost for tickets.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was established as a Health post in 2033 BS (1976-1977). It was then upgraded as a Primary health care center in 2054 B.S. Whereas, in 2065 BS (2008-2009) it was named as Rapti zonal hospital. Following the decision of Cabinet ministry of lumbini province in 2075 BS (2018-2019), it was upgraded as Rapti Provincial Hospital.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "According to the centre, provided facilities include:", "title": "Departments" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tokyo Revengers is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ken Wakui. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from March 1, 2017, to November 16, 2022. Kodansha collected its 278 individual chapters in thirty-one tankōbon volumes, released from May 17, 2017, to January 17, 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In North America, Kodansha USA started the digital release of the manga in 2018. Seven Seas Entertainment started releasing the manga in a print omnibus edition in 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The manga is also licensed in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing, in South Korea by Haksan Publishing, in France by Glénat Editions, in Germany by Carlsen Manga, in Italy by J-Pop, in Spain by Norma Editorial, in Mexico by Panini Comics, in Brazil by Editora JBC, in Argentina by Editorial Ivrea, in Thailand by Vibulkij Publishing, in Indonesia by Elex Media Komputindo, in Vietnam by IPM, in Poland by Waneko, in Turkey by Gerekli Şeyler in Russia by XL Media, in Ukraine by Nasha Idea, and in the Czech Republic by Crew.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On October 28, 2021, a parody spin-off manga written and illustrated by Shinpei Funatsu titled Tōdai Revengers was announced. It was serialized in Kodansha's Magazine Pocket website from November 3, 2021, to March 29, 2023. It was collected in six tankōbon volumes from February 17, 2022, to May 17, 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On June 20, 2022, a spin-off manga centered around Keisuke Baji and Chifuyu Matsuno written and illustrated by Yukinori Kawaguchi, titled Tokyo Revengers: A Letter from Keisuke Baji was announced. It began serialization in Magazine Pocket on July 27, 2022. It has been collected in three tankōbon volumes as of May 17, 2023. Kodansha publishes the spin-off in English on their K Manga service. Seven Seas Entertainment has also licensed the spin-off in North America.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jalila Dalaf is a retired Syrian professional footballer who played as a forward for Bundesliga club FF USV Jena.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Grey Face is a 1940 Australian radio serial by Max Afford featuring his detective hero, Jeffrey Blackburn.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It starred Peter Finch and Neva Carr Glynn, reprising their roles from The Mysterious Mr. Lynch.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The serial was very popular and was recorded again by the ABC in 1950 starring Nigel Lovell and directed by Frank Harvey.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "\"It's about the alleged murderous propensities of an Egyptian mummy in a lonely house on the Cornish moors, with Afford sleuth Geoffrey Blackburn pursuing the clues.\"", "title": "Premise" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sameh Egyptson (born 1966 as Sameh Nabeh Basely Khalil) is a Swedish-Egyptian writer and academic in the field of interreligious relations at the Humanities and Theology Faculties at Lund University.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sameh Nabeh Basely Khalil was born on September 8, 1966, in Aswan, Egypt but grew up in Cairo in a Coptic Christian family. After high school, he studied Middle Eastern and Egyptian history at Ain Shams University, while also studying at the Coptic Institute in Cairo.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Khalil moved to Sweden as a political refugee in 1990 and took the name \"Egyptson\" in 2001. In Sweden, he studied language, Islamic studies, and religious studies at Uppsala and Lund Universities.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1999, Egyptson began doctoral studies at Lund University, focusing on interreligious relations between Christianity and Islam. From 1999 until 2004, he led an interfaith research project in Egypt under the direction of Aasulv Lande, professor of Missionary and Ecumenical Studies at Lund University. Researchers from Lund University, the Coptic Church and Al-Azhar University participated in the project. The project was noticed by, among others, Lund University's magazine LUM and Dagen newspaper and was described as a unique peace project.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "From 2008 to 2013, Egyptson led the Swedish Culture Center in Cairo, which, among other things, during the Arab Spring was active in matters concerning freedom of expression in Egypt. Egyptson was also the initiator of a development project (Swedish House) in Cairo's Shubra El Kheima neighborhood.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On February 10, 2023, Egyptson defended his dissertation at Lund University with his thesis \"Global political Islam? The Muslim Brotherhood & the Islamic Federation in Sweden\", which was approved by a dissenting examination board, which thus made him a Doctor of Theology.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Egyptson lives in Höllviken with his wife, who runs the company Egyptson AB which, among other things, arranges cultural trips to Egypt.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Dagens Nyheter drew attention to the Scandinavian-Swedish Culture Center (SSCC) that Egyptson founded in Cairo in 2008. Språktidningen magazine has also drawn attention to the SSCC as the first to teach the Swedish language in the Middle East. The SSCC also served as a meeting place for Swedish and Egyptian political parties during the Arab Spring. Egyptson has appeared on television in debate programs such as SVT on the Egyptian Revolution and he has also been hired by SVT to report during the Arab Spring. Since 2013, he has taken a particular interest in the Muslim Brotherhood's mission in Sweden and has also participated regularly in the public debate. After the publication of his book Holy White Lies, Muslim Brotherhood in the West \"Case Sweden\", Cairo in October 2018, the book was rewritten in several media, including Svenska Dagbladet and Sydsvenska Dagbladet and has also been referenced in debate articles. Egyptson has also written debate articles himself, including about the political development in Egypt, about Islamism and the Muslim Brotherhood in Sweden, about how the Social Democrats have handled Islamist schools and about how the Center Party has handled connections to Islam. Before his defense, Egyptson received attention in the media for the conclusions in his Phd thesis.", "title": "In Media" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "On February 23, 2023, a seminar was held in Sweden's Riksdag (Sweden's Parliament) where Egyptson was invited by member of parliament Robert Hannah from the Liberals to present his PhD thesis. There, Egyptson criticized the Swedish politicians who he claimed have given power to an ultra-conservative group to represent Muslims in Sweden.", "title": "In Media" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (ACNS) is a senior appointment in the Indian Navy. The ACNS is an assistant PSO (Principal Staff Officer) at Naval Headquarters in New Delhi. At present, there are eight appointments of ACNS who head different directorates. The appointments are held by a Two star officer in the rank of Rear Admiral.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Girtz is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sunni Razvi Society often called Sunni Razvi Society International is an International Non-profitable organisation founded by Muhammad Ibrahim Siddiqui Khushtar in 1965 in Mauritius. It belongs to the Barelvi Movement of Sunni Islam and gains ideas from teaching of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi. The organisation spread to France, Holland, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Suriname and South Africa.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was established by Muhammad Ibrahim Siddiqui in 1965 after an informal request by Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri, to promote teachings of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi to the globe.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Sunni Razvi Society also runs the Khanka Quadria Razvia at Mesnil Phoenix.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The SRSI had a meeting with Tableegi Jamaat in 1970.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "AV Prafullachandra is an Indian music composer who primirily works in Marathi films. He began his career with Photocopy (2016) and composed the music for popular films like Dhurala (2020), Godavari (2021), Ghar Banduk Biryani (2023), Naal 2 (2023).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chandu Shikari", "title": "Discography (music director)" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle Of The Sebaou River, Was a battle between the Kabyle Resistance of Sherif Boubeghla against The French Army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1854, the French initiated a campaign against the region of Kabylia. However, the Kabyle tribes led by Lalla Fatma, supported by Sherif Boubaghla's warriors, were ready to fight.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 4 June 1854, 6,500 or 8,000 French men fought 5,000 Algerians, in which the cavalrymen of Sherif Boubaghla harassed the French Army, and killed 900 French men. Seeing the losses, Charles, their commander, initiated a retreat, giving the Algerians a decisive victory.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the month of July that same year, the French forces experienced another significant setback as they faced defeat once more, at the hands of the combined strength of Boubaghla and Fatma's armies in the Battle of Tachekkirt.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mayakkam Enna is the soundtrack to the 2011 film of the same name directed by Selvaraghavan starring Dhanush and Richa Gangopadhyay. The soundtrack is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar with lyrics written by Dhanush and Selvaraghavan, the former in his songwriting debut. The soundtrack was released by Gemini Audio on 23 September 2011.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Prakash was initially assigned as the composer in his second collaboration with Selvaraghavan following Aayirathil Oruvan (2010). In November 2010, he left the project due to \"money and time issues\" and was replaced by Selvaraghavan's norm collaborator Yuvan Shankar Raja. However, in April 2011, Prakash replaced Raja following the latter's commitments on other projects. The film featured five songs all of them were written by Selvaraghavan; he felt that \"Usually directors are familiar with the storyline of their films\", he cited Mani Ratnam who wrote the pallavi of songs in his films. Dhanush assisted Selvaraghavan in two of the songs and wrote one song \"Pirai Thedum\" as a sole lyricist in his debut. The song \"Voda Voda Voda\" was composed within 15 minutes and recorded within an hour.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The soundtrack was launched at the Chennai station of Radio Mirchi station on 23 September 2011 during the breakfast show Hello Chennai, with Dhanush, Selvaraghavan and Prakash in attendance. Subsequently, tracks from the album played on air upon its launch, and a contest being held with participants winning audio CDs autographed by the film's team. The soundtrack was successful in its sales, streaming and downloads; Selvaraghavan organised an event at Radio Mirchi station on 29 October 2011 to celebrate the success.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "P. G. Devi of Behindwoods described the album as \"intoxicating enough\" giving three-and-a-half out of five stars. The review further added \"Naan Sonnadhum Mazhai\" and \"Pirai Thedum\" are \"thoroughly cherishable\" while \"Voda Voda Voda\" and \"Kadhal Yen Kadhal\" being \"pure entertainers\". IndiaGlitz.com described the album as \"catchy\", \"youthful\" and \"vibrant\". Vipin Nair of Music Aloud gave 7.5/10 saying \"G V Prakash Kumar continues his good form, dishing out another appealing soundtrack for Mayakkam Enna.\" Calling it as a \"mix of classy and mass numbers\", Paraman in his review for KollyInsider stated \"yet another spectacular stroke from G.V. Prakash in collaboration with Selvaraghavan and Dhanush\". Pavithra Srinivasan of Rediff.com wrote \"G V Prakash has tried very hard to walk away from his comfort zone and provide the kind of edgy numbers Selvaraghavan demands and has risen to the challenge.\" Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog wrote \"Despite inconsistent lyrics, Mayakkam Enna is a mighty competent soundtrack, at least music-wise\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The song \"Kadhal Yen Kadhal\" along with \"Why This Kolaveri Di\" another popular single from Dhanush's 3 (2012) had been debated on how it popularized the \"soup-song\" genre. Both numbers had been subjected to criticism, particularly the former as the lyrics in the song \"Adidaa avala, othada avala, vidra avala, thevaye illai\" (transl. Thrash her, kick her, leave her, she doesn't need you) were misogynistic and allegedly glorified violence against women; primarily the aftermath of Swathi murder case where activists and cinephiles speculated the unrealistic portrayal of women and love in Tamil cinema were the reasons behind. In May 2019, Selvaraghavan apologized for allowing such lyrics in the song, even though he did not write it (the lyrics were co-written by Dhanush) as he felt that a director has to be socially responsible, and he should have considered on how people get influenced through such lyrics.", "title": "Controversy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kaarlo (Kaarle) Eeronpoika Korhonen (Russian: Карл Эрикович Корхонен, romanized: Karl Erikovic Korxonen; 27 December 1878 – 11 February 1938) was a Finnish farmer, politician and member of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he represented Oulu Province South between April 1917 and September 1918. Korhonen went to Soviet Russia during the Finnish Civil War and was executed there in 1938 during Stalin's Great Purge.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Korhonen was born on 27 December 1878 in Veneheitto in Säräisniemi municipality in central Grand Duchy of Finland. After attending public school, he worked as a wheelwright and a labourer. He was a farmer in Säräisniemi.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Korhonen joined the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1902 and was chairman of the party's local branch. He was elected to the Parliament of Finland at the 1916 parliamentary election. He was re-elected at the 1917 parliamentary election.", "title": "Politics and civil war" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During the Finnish Civil War Korhonen was sent to Petrograd as part of a people's delegation. After the Reds were defeated Korhonen remained in Soviet Russia.", "title": "Politics and civil war" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Korhonen was chairman of the Airo commune in Kostroma in the Volga region. He was sent to Karelia in June 1920 where he worked as a raftsman on the Sunu river, as a railway guard in Kemi and in the land affairs department of the Uhtua District (Kalevalsky District) administration. He was a manager of financial affairs at a youth school (1923-1930), a director of the financial department of the Uhtua state farm (1930-1933), school director (1932-1936) and a worker of the Municipal Department of the Uhtua District Executive Committee (1936).", "title": "Exile and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Korhonen was a member of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) from 1918 to 1936. With the onset of Stalin's Great Purge, Korhonen was expelled from the party on 26 November 1935 by the Kalevala district committee. He was imprisoned on 30 November 1937 for counter-revolutionary activities and on 21 January 1938 sentenced to death by shooting. He was executed on 11 February 1938 in the foothills of Karhumäki (Medvezhyegorsk). He was was posthumously rehabilitated in September 1988.", "title": "Exile and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Korhonen was married to Hilma (Hilda) and had an adopted daughter, Silvia Thorstensson. Later he married Soviet citizen Anna and lived in Uhtua (Kalevala) in Russian Karelia. They had a son, Taisto.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abel Darlington (February 22, 1810 – January 1897) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1870.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Abel Darlington was born on February 22, 1810, in Westtown Township, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Darlington was a farmer. He was elected as justice of the peace and served from 1853 to 1869 and from 1871 to 1890.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Darlington was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1870.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Darlington died on January 26 or 27, 1897, at his home in Pocopson Township.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Macar Tarihi ('Hungarian History') is a small Ottoman Turkish chronicle about the history of the Hungarians, written in 1740. The manuscript is an important source of the history of Transylvania during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars and the Great Turkish War.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The 39-page manuscript was preserved in a codex (3386/5, pages 63–101) kept in the library of the Nuruosmaniye Mosque in Istanbul. It was discovered by Turkish scholar Cengiz Orhonlu, who wrote a brief summary about the small work in 1975. The text was translated and annotated by Turkologist József Blaskovics into Hungarian in 1982.", "title": "Manuscript" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Based on analyzing the text, Blaskovics attempted to identify the author of the short historical writing. Since Hungarian orthography is almost always impeccable with regard to personal and place names, while German names are distorted, Blaskovics considered the author was of Hungarian ethnicity. Transylvanian events appear in much more detail, consequently the author originated from this region. He used Latin-language sources for his work too, demonstrating his high education (several personal names appear in Latin form). The theological connections of the tendencies of the Reformation appear at several points, thus the author perhaps was initially a Transylvanian Protestant, who converted to Islam, becoming a faithful Ottoman Turk.", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Blaskovics considered that the author belonged to those Kuruc emigrants, who found shelter in the empire, alongside princes Emeric Thököly or Francis II Rákóczi. Others identified him with Ibrahim Muteferrika, who was the first Muslim to run a printing press with movable Arabic type.", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the introduction, the author outlines the purpose of writing the work. The author writes that he intends to present the history of the Hungarians from the ancient times, since they left behind the \"Great Asian Wasteland\" (i.e. Pontic–Caspian steppe). In accordance with the chronicle, the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin occurred in two waves, in 371 and 744. The Huns and later the Avars are identified as Hungarians in the manuscript. Accordingly, the Hungarians are \"of Tatar origin\" (i.e. close relatives of the Ottomans). The author refuses to identify them as \"Turks\", in contrast to other chronicles. Thereafter, the work lists the events of Hungarian history in an annalistic way, the work is little more than a compilation of brief records. From the mid-16th century, the text will be somewhat more verbose, which lasts until 1740.", "title": "Content" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The author's loyalty to the Ottoman Empire is appearing frequently in the text. The author described Géza and Saint Stephen as \"evil kings\", because against the \"true faith\" (i.e. Islam), Hungarians living in ignorance (i.e. pagans) were forced to the \"Nazarene religion\". According to the author, the Hungarians lived poverty thereafter, while the glorious Ottoman Empire was a prosperous state. Regarding the lists of kings of Hungary, the author makes many errors and mistakes, in addition, he miscalculates the differences between the Islamic and Christian calendars in several cases. He knows the names and regnal numbers of many kings incorrectly (for instance, he does not distinguish between the names Ladislaus and Vladislaus).", "title": "Content" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The author has extensive knowledge of Transylvanian Saxons. He expresses a great sympathy towards them. According thim, the Saxons already settled in Transylvania before the reign of Attila. A smaller part of them surrendered to Hungarian power after the conquest. The author states that most of the towns and castles in the region were built by the Saxons. The author presents a \"confusing\" story about the Slovaks. Accordingly, they arrived to the Carpathian Basin alongside Attila, but later they were completely perished in the Avar Wars. In addition to the historical events, the author pays special attention to the natural disasters that afflict Transylvania (for instance, fires in Kolozsvár in 1655, 1697 and 1724, earthquake, fire, plague and earthquake in Brassó in 1684, 1689, 1718 and 1738, respectively, plague in Szeben in 1718 and rinderpest in entire Hungary and Transylvania in 1678 and 1709). The text also talks about comets appearing in the sky (1680, 1737). The chronicle ends with the famine wave of 1740.", "title": "Content" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In addition to the history of Hungary, the text contains some world history events (a certain priest Seyarius invented rifles and cannons in 1380, book printing was invented in Mainz in 1452 and Christopher Columbus discovered Americas in 1492). At the end of the text, the author attached an appendix, which contains geographical, sociohistorical and administrative info about Hungary. In this part, the text desrcibes the present situation, the Germans' \"violent and oppressive rule\" in Hungary.", "title": "Content" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Khantau (Kazakh: Хантау) is a village located in the Moiynkum District, Zhambyl Region, Kazakhstan. It is the head of Khantau rural district (КАТО code — 315649100).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to the 2009 Kazakhstan census, the town has a population of 978 (480 men and 498 women. As of 1999, the town had a population of 925 (468 men and 457 women).", "title": "Demographics" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The town is located near the western slopes of the Khantau massif, part of the Aitau range, 42 kilometers (26 mi) to the south of Mirny and 68 kilometers (42 mi) to the east of Moiynkum, the district capital.", "title": "Geography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2021 Anniversary Games, officially known as the 2021 Müller British Grand Prix, was the 68th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting usually held in London, though in 2021 it was held in Gateshead instead. Held on 13 July at Gateshead International Stadium, it was the seventh leg of the 2021 Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The meeting was highlighted by Mohamed Katir's win and Spanish record in the 3000 metres, as well as Trayvon Bromell's return to form in winning the 100 metres.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Athletes competing in the Diamond League disciplines earned extra compensation and points which went towards qualifying for the Diamond League finals in Zürich. First place earned 8 points, with each step down in place earning one less point than the previous, until no points are awarded in 9th place or lower.", "title": "Diamond League results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Murder's Not for Middle Aged is a 1953 Australian radio serial by Max Afford featuring his detective hero, Jeffrey Blackburn. It was the last of Afford's Blackburn serials.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Brisbane Truth called it \"well produced and enjoyable.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Adelide Mail said \" the story got away to a dramatic start with a BBC reporter giving an eye witness account of police fighting it out with a trapped bandit. If anything it was a little too dramatic— it took me five minutes to catch up with what was going on.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Adelaide Advertiser called it \"irritatingly mediocre.\" A later review the same paper said \"The mixture is much as Mr. Afford has given it to us before with demonology, witchcraft, beautiful aristocrats and even a count from Czechoslovakia... 'Ten years ago,' said one character, 'it would have been fun.' I would put that as about 20 years too early.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "According to ABC Weekly, \"Jeffrey and Elizabeth have 'retired to a cottage at Sevenoaks, Kent, where Jeffery is growing tulips. Elizabeth now needs the aid of reading glasses. Jeffery has become a martyr to rheumatism, and his violent detective experiences in the past have resulted in a slipped knee cartilage. When Jeffery awakes on the morning of his 45th birthday, he little realises that he and Elizabeth are to be involved in the most fantastic and macabre case they have ever tackled. They are reluctant to be drawn in, but crime and destiny have their way.\"", "title": "Premise" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marty Favret (born c. 1962) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach for Hampden–Sydney College from 2000 to 2023. He also coached for Gonzaga High School and Catholic University of America. He played college basketball for Catholic University as a shooting guard.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "David John Lohse is a retired ExxonMobil materials scientist known for contributions on thermodynamics of mixing, nanocomposites for controlling permeability, neutron scattering of polymers, rheology of polymers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lohse earned two B.S. degrees from Michigan State University in 1974: one in Physics and another in Computer Science. He then went on to earn a Ph.D. in materials science from the University of Illinois in 1978. Following his graduate studies, he worked as a postdoc for two years at the National Bureau of Standards under an NSF-NRC Fellowship.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Lohse joined Exxon Mobil Corporation in 1980, starting in the Long Range Polymer Research Group. In 1987, he joined the Corporate Strategic Research Labs of ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co. He retired in 2011.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Lohse's research focused on the thermodynamics of mixing polymer blends, neutron scattering from polymers, the use of block and graft copolymers to enhance blend compatibility, the control of rheology by molecular architecture, nanocomposites, and improvement of polymer products. With Sudhin Datta, he published the textbook Polymeric Compatibilizers. His most cited works concern the connection between polymer molecular weight, density, chain dimensions and melt viscoelastic properties, and packing length in linear polymer melts.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Indonesia competed at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships in Doha, Qatar from 02 to 18 February.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Template:Nations at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Peter Berlin is an American attorney in Los Angeles.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He has litigated cases in both the state and federal courts. In 2020, Berlin defended a surety in a criminal matter against the US government seeking forfeiture of her assets and property for a minor violation of pre-trial release. The case culminated with a published federal decision where the court set aside the forfeiture and restored the defendant’s right in her property.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2014, he was named as one of the \"Top 100 Trial Lawyers\" by The National Trial Lawyers. The firm was also honored with a Super Lawyer listing in 2021, 2022, and 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Berlin is a graduate of California State University, Northridge (1993) holding a degree in psychology, and earned his Juris Doctor degree from Whittier College School of Law (1996).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Official website", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "ClickASnap is a image hosting and photo-sharing platform launched in 2016 by Tom Oswald. It is headquartered in the UK.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "ClickASnap was founded in 2013 in the United Kingdom and launched in 2016. The platform ran a print-on-demand marketplace that let users sell prints of their photos but it was shut down in 2023.", "title": "Background" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ancient Glacier Rock is a glacial erratic in the Long Island City section of Queens, New York City. Until the 2010s, the rock was largely ignored by city planners, often surrounded by litter and used for parking.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In April, 2019, the New York City Department of Transportation made a proposal to Queens Community Board 2 to convert the street area next to it, unusable by cars and used for employee parking for a nearby business, into a “Street Seat area” under the Street Seats program, which creates public areas for use in the warmer months. The plan was approved and the area was opened later that year.", "title": "Pedestrian use" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "40°45′1.5″N 73°56′53.3″W / 40.750417°N 73.948139°W / 40.750417; -73.948139", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Ultimate Collection is a greatest hits album by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler, released in 1995 by BMG. The album includes numerous singles from Tyler's RCA, CBS and Hansa eras, from her first hit record, \"Lost in France\" (1976), up to her then most recent single, \"Say Goodbye\" (1994). The album was released exclusively in Denmark, where it reached no. 2 on the Danish Albums Chart.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "'The Sleeping Child' is a 2021 motet by Bob Chilcott for soprano and a vocal ensemble. He set a poem in English by Charles Bennet to music, commissioned by the ensemble Voces8. It was published by Oxford University Press.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The poet Charles Bennet has been a frequent collaborator of composer Bob Chilcott. His English text begins: \"Sleeping child I wonder, have you a dream to share?\"", "title": "Text and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Chilcott set the music in 2021 like a lullaby. The ensemble opens and closes the music, while the arching melodies of the the soprano are at its centre. The child is not named but could by baby Jesus.", "title": "Text and music" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Sleeping Child was recorded by Voces8 as part of their 2023 album A Choral Christnmas that they introduces by concerts in Europe. It was chosen Video of the Day by Gramophone on 19 December 2023.", "title": "Text and music" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Euphaneta is a genus of mimallonid moths described by William Schaus in 1928.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "James Correlly Roberts (September 5, 1822 – July 5, 1872) was an American politician and businessman from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1870.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "James Correlly Roberts was born on September 5, 1822, in Pleasant Valley, Dutchess County, New York. He attended school until the age of seven.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Around 1850, Roberts moved to Manayunk, Philadelphia. After two or three years, he moved to Dalton, Massachusetts, and lived there for about a year. He then returned to Manayunk and then moved to Fisherville, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and worked as a coal miner and became a manager. He then worked in the woolen mills and became an owner. He worked as a carder in a cotton mill.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Roberts was a Republican. In 1868, he was a delegate to the state convention. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1870.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Roberts married Asenath Kelly Reed of Framingham, Massachusetts, on September 5, 1842. They had seven children, George C., Josephine, Charles N., Edward D., James C. Jr., Anna Elizabeth and George B. M. He lived in East Brandywine Township.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Roberts died on July 5, 1872, in Chester County. He was interred at East Brandywine Baptist Church in Guthriesville, Chester County.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Boulder City Conservation Easement (BCCE) is a conservation easement located in Boulder City in Clark County in southwestern Nevada. It was designated in 1995 with an area of 86,538 acres to protect the Desert tortoise and other desert species. In 2018, at the request of the Boulder City Council, the boundaries of the BCCE were amended to include additional land adjacent to the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area and exclude land immediately south of the original solar energy area. This change increased the city's conservation area by 2.2 percent and made nearly 2,000 more acres available for solar energy development. The Boulder City Conservation Easement includes land owned by the City of Boulder City. The City of Boulder is responsible for permitting activities under city ordinances, while Clark County is responsible for law enforcement and management of the BCCE. The BCCE may only be traveled on specifically authorized trails. In 1995, a 50-year contract was signed with Clark County for the BCCE. The Boulder City Conservation Easement Mangament Plan was created for the conservation area.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The BCCE is located within the city limits of Boulder City. It begins approximately 2 miles south and west of the residential area of Boulder City, or beginning approximately 2 miles south of the intersection of U.S. Highway 95 and Interstate 11, and extends for approximately 22 miles along U.S. Highway 95. The BCCE is divided by U.S. 95 into a northern section, which encompasses 39,114 acres, and a southern section, which encompasses 48,154 acres. Excluded from the southern section is the Energy Zone, an area of 3,064 acres designated by the city for energy development.", "title": "Geography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The BCCE borders the Sloan Canyon National Conservation Area to the northwest, the Lake Mead National Recreation Area to the east, and the Avi Kwa Ame National Monument to the south, and with other protected areas in California forms a much larger contiguous protected area system in the Mojave Desert. Bureau of Land Management (BLM), National Park Service (NPS), and private lands also border the Easement. The BCCE land is marked with restricted use signs in green lettering with the Boulder City and Desert Conservation Programm logos.", "title": "Geography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Clark County Desert Conservation Program conducted translocations for the California gopher tortoise from 2014 to 2019. The translocated Desert tortoises came from the Desert Tortoise Conservation Center (2014 only) and locations from the wild.", "title": "Animal and plant species in the protected area" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Bird species such as Ferruginous hawk, Burrowing owl, Loggerhead shrike, Phainopepla, LeConte's thrasher and Bell's vireo occur in the preserve.", "title": "Animal and plant species in the protected area" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Mammals include species such as kit fox. Other animal species include California kingsnake, spotted rattlesnake, Gila monster, Zebra-tailed lizard, Mojave rattlesnake, Long-nosed leopard lizard and desert iguana.", "title": "Animal and plant species in the protected area" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The cactus Ferocactus cylindraceus occurs.", "title": "Animal and plant species in the protected area" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "35°31′N 115°01′W / 35.52°N 115.01°W / 35.52; -115.01", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Water's Edge was a restaurant on barges moored in the East River on the Long Island City waterfront in Queens, New York that operated from 1983 to 2015. Located at the foot of 44th Drive between Anable Basin and the Queensboro Bridge, the restaurant had a panoramic view of the Midtown Manhattan skyline and was a popular wedding venue.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Water's Edge was the third waterfront restaurant to be built on vacant land under New York City's waterfront development program, following the The River Café in Brooklyn and The Water Club in Manhattan. It took three years of planning and negotiations to develop the restaurant, which cost $3 million to build and opened in 1983. Located on the Long Island City waterfront in Queens, the two-level restaurant was constructed on two barges moored to the Nott Avenue Pier at the foot of 44th Drive. The floating venue consisted of a 200-seat dining room on the lower level and a smaller dining room on the upper level for private parties. Water's Edge had an outdoor deck facing the river and included dock space for guests arriving by private yachts.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In conjunction with the development of the restaurant, the adjacent Nott Avenue Pier was refurbished and opened to the public. The restaurant was required to maintain the pier as a public access area as part of its lease agreement with the city. In 1979, the city had previously announced plans to refurbish the Nott Avenue Pier with benches and trees and open up the dock to the public. The pier's name reflected the former name of the street—44th Drive had been previously called Nott Avenue before the Queens Topographical Bureau renamed the borough's streets according to a grid plan in the early part of the twentieth century.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "With its waterfront setting and panoramic view of the Midtown Manhattan skyline, Water's Edge was a popular location for weddings. It was the site of the wedding reception for Billy Joel and Christie Brinkley, who were married there in 1985. Although the Nott Avenue Pier was supposed to be accessible to the public from sunrise to sunset, local residents complained that they were being kept off the 40-foot-wide (12 m) by 147-foot-long (45 m) city-owned pier during weddings held at the Water's Edge, particularly during summer weekends. In response, the city installed prohibition signs depicting a bride and groom on the pier in 1990. The signs did not technically ban weddings, but were intended to stop private ceremonies that blocked public access to the pier, which was illegal and subject to a fine of up to $5,000. The signs disappeared by 1993, but the city did not plan to replace them because there had been no weddings or complaints from neighbors.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The restaurant was originally run by the Quinn Restaurant Corporation, headed by Thomas J. Quinn, which entered into a 25-year lease agreement with the city in 1981 to construct, operate and maintain the restaurant, with an option to renew for 10 years. The long-term lease agreement was taken over by Mark Fleischman in 1985 after he sold his interest in Studio 54. During this time, the city threatened to take legal action against the restaurant due to the prior owner's failure to pay back rent and make obligated improvements to the Nott Avenue Pier.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Fleischman only operated the restaurant for an eight-month period, after which it was taken over in September 1985 by Stuart and Marika Somerstein, who also owned a catering firm on Long Island. The couple spent $4 million renovating Water's Edge, which included the addition of a 350-seat ballroom on the second floor for catered events. The new owners also implemented a complimentary water taxi service that provided service to Water's Edge from the Skyport Marina at the foot of East 23rd Street in Manhattan. In subsequent years, the water taxi service operated from the East 34th Street Ferry Landing in Manhattan using a paddle wheel boat. In 1988, the restaurant proposed building a 15-slip marina to attract additional diners that could travel from Connecticut, Long Island, and Westchester to the restaurant in their private boats.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Water's Edge was acquired by Harendra Singh in 2008. The restaurant closed in 2015 after its owner was indicted for bribery and fraud charges. Singh was charged with bribing a Town of Oyster Bay official and filing fraudulent receipts from vendors to inflate the value of Water's Edge to obtain $900,000 in disaster relief funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency after Hurricane Sandy. During this time, the federal government launched a separate investigation into whether the administration of New York City mayor Bill de Blasio provided favorable treatment to Singh in a lease dispute between the restaurant and the city. Singh had made campaign donations to de Blasio and also hosted fundraisers at the Water's Edge for de Blasio for free in 2011 and 2013, only subsequently generating bills for the events in 2015 following audits made by the city's Campaign Finance Board.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The shuttered restaurant was located on the footprint of the proposed Amazon HQ2 in Long Island City, which was announced in 2018 and then subsequently canceled the following year due to opposition. Before that, in 2017 the New York City Economic Development Corporation had selected a team led by TF Cornerstone to redevelop the site into a 1.5-million-square-foot (140,000 m) mixed-use development.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The city evicted the restaurant from the site in 2020. It initially put up the barges for auction in 2022, but pulled the listing after determining that they could not be safely moved given their condition. The city instead announced plans to demolish the barges. A fire broke out at the abandoned restaurant in October 2023.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dark Night is an album by the American musician James Armstrong, released in 1998. Armstrong supported the album with a North American tour.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Armstrong recorded the album after recuperating from a home invasion and serious stabbing, which is referenced in the title track. Armstrong lost feeling in his fingers and had to relearn how to play guitar; he also learned slide guitar during his recovery. \"Lil' James\" is about Armstrong's son, who was also injured in the attack. Michael Ross played lead guitar on the majority of the tracks; Joe Louis Walker and Doug MacLeod played lead guitar on a few tracks. \"Bank of Love\" is about falling in love with a bank teller.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Jazziz wrote that Armstrong's \"vocals and songs are vulnerable, brooding, and brimming with resignation... His hoarse, laconic delivery and falsetto on 'Too Many Misses' and 'Dark Night' are soul-piercing.\" The Toronto Star called the album \"a dozen soulful tunes with a light, appealing but emotionally edgy voice a la Otis Redding.\" The Calgary Herald said that Armstrong's \"blues riffs are clean and bold and his singing reveals his deep blues roots.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Record concluded: \"Serviceable on his debut, Armstrong's vocals take on a new soulful fiber on Dark Night.\" The Ottawa Citizen deemed Dark Night \"a mixture of anger and depression leavened with the ray of hope that marks all of the best blues music.\" The Daily Advertiser labeled it \"a smooth, understated exercise in tasteful West Coast blues.\" The Philadelphia Inquirer determined that Armstrong \"wins you over with the undeniable honesty of his performances.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "AllMusic wrote that Michael Ross's \"silky leads blend with Armstrong's still very potent singing voice quite sympathetically.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jaagup Tuisk (born 1 August 2001) is an Estonian singer from Laagri.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2014 at the age of 12, he went on the \"Kaks ja pool meest\" concert tour with Uku Suviste and Kristjan Kasearu.", "title": "Musical career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2018, Tuisk took part in the seventh season of the Estonian music television reality competition Eesti otsib superstaari, where he finished in fifth place.", "title": "Musical career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He participated in Eesti Laul 2020 with the song \"Beautiful Lie\". He qualified and came in first place in the first round of the final, but in the superfinal he came in second place behind Uku Suviste with \"What Love Is\".", "title": "Musical career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 15 November 2021, it was announced that Tuisk will return to the contest in the, 2022 edition with the song \"Kui vaid\". He participated in the first quarter final where the juries chose him as one of their qualifiers for the semi final, where he qualified to the final and came in tenth place.", "title": "Musical career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Muara Sukses Abadi Football Club Kutai Kartanegara (simply known as MSA Kukar or MSA) is an Indonesian football club based in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. Currently they play in Liga 3 East Kalimantan zone.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ghani Glass cricket team is a departmental cricket team in Pakistan, that plays first-class cricket in the President's Trophy. The team is sponsored by Ghani Glass and owned by Ghani Group of Companies. The team does not have any geographical base. It is currently being captained by Shan Masood.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The team was founded in 2017 to take part in the Grade II of 2016–17 Patron's Trophy. In May 2019, Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan revamped the domestic cricket structure in Pakistan, excluding departmental teams in favour of regional sides, therefore ending the participation of the team. The team was refounded in March 2023 after a revamp of the domestic structure. In December 2023, the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) confirmed that Ghani Glass would be one of the teams to participate in the 2023–24 President's Trophy. The team made their first-class debut on 16 December 2023, drawing the match against Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited. This was the first time for Ghani Glass to compete in a first-class tournament in Pakistan.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following squad was announced for the 2023/24 season:", "title": "Current squad" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Loch Garbhaig is a small remote freshwater loch that lies between Loch Maree and Lochan Fada in Wester Ross in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shiho Shimoyamada is a retired Japanese professional footballer who played as a forward for Bundesliga club SV Meppen.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fontana Football Club was a Maltese football club from the village of Fontana, Gozo. Following some unofficial appearances under Fontana F.C., the club was officially founded under the name St. Andrew's in 1952. After several re-organisations, the club folded for good following the conclusion of the 1968-69 football season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "During the season of 1951–52, a team under the name Fontana F.C. has played a number of friendlies against Gozitan clubs.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "However, in 1952, Fontana was officially founded as St. Andrew's. The club was the brainchild of Mr Guzepp Schembri and Fr Ruzar Borg. and it used to play with striped shirts. St. Andrew's officially debuted in the Gozitan First Division in the season of 1952–53..", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "St. Andrew's first evert match in the 1952–53 season was against Victoria Hotspurs on 21 December 1952, which at that time were the Galea Cup holders. In front of a large crowd at the then Silver Jubilee Sports Ground, Fontana beat Hotspurs with two-goals-to-one, courtesy of an opener from Cini and a deflected shot of Grech. In their second match, St. Andrew's faced the then Salesian Youths but lost two-goals-to-nil. Subsequently, St. Andrew's faced and saw off Xewkija Tigers with a one-nil victory, courtesy of a goal from Cini.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 25 January 1953 and in the first match of the second round, St. Andrew's beat Hotspurs once again with the same score of two-goals-to-one. St. Andrew's goals were scored by guest player Cuschieri and Spiteri. In the penultimate match of the league, St. Andrew's faced Salesians, in what was a decider for the First Division title. St. Andrew's ended up losing heavily to Salesians, who in the end ran out five-nil winners and went on to win the First Division. St. Andrew's concluded their league commitments by beating Xewkija with the odd-goal-in-five. St. Andrew's goals came from Cini, who ended up as St. Andrew's top scorer for the season, and a double from Camilleri.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "St. Andrew's first season was a relatively successful one, as they ended runners-up by a solitary point. Indeed, out of 6 matches played, St. Andrew's won all matches bar the two matches they played against the eventual champions.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "During the same season, St. Andrew's also participated in the Galea Cup, but got knocked-out in the quarter-final after losing two-goals-to-one to Għajnsielem. Furthermore, St. Andrew's also fielded a second team in the Second Division but fared poorly as it not only drew one match from four matches and lost the rest, but also failed to score a single goal in the process.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "St. Andrew's intended to participate in the 1953–54 season as well, to the extent that in the first meeting of the new council of the Gozo Football Association, St. Andrew's had five of its players designated as 'first-class players for Gozo' and thus could only play in the First Division. However, following disciplinary action taken by the said new council, St. Andrew's withdrew from the Gozo Football League together with Għajnsielem and Hotspurs. In St. Andrew's case, the club was also disbanded.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The club was re-organised again in 1957 to participate in the football season of 1957–58. St. Andrew's were scheduled to play in the Gozitan Second Division against Kercem Ajax, Sannat Lions, Xewkija Tigers and Nadur Olympians, the eventual winners. St. Andrew's was also one of the six Gozitan clubs to field a team in the Minors League. However, mid-way through the season and during a match against Nadur Olympians on February 9, St Andrew's disagreed with certain decisions taken by the referee and not only abandoned the match, but also informed the Gozo Football Association of its decision to withdraw from the league. The Association came down hard on St. Andrew's and suspended the club for life and barred its regular players from playing football for the rest of season and all its Committee members for the same season from taking part in any activities organised by the Gozo Football Association.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1961, St. Andrew's was reformed and switched its name to Fontana Juventus F.C.. Fontana Juventus played in the Gozitan Second Division and also made their way into the Tapie's 2nd Division Knockout Cup final but lost to the then Xagħra Young Stars. During the 1962-63 football season, Fontana Juventus played again in the Gozitan Second Division. Fontana Juventus was drawn in Preliminary Group A and ended up in the third place. Fontana won 2 matches, drew 1 and lost the other 3 matches.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 1966, Fontana Juventus switched to simply Fontana F.C. and in the season 1967-68 Fontana were awarded the Good Conduct Cup for good conduct. Fontana's last appearance was during the season 1968–69, and the club was disbanded for good immediately thereafter.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Trista Celine Seara (born April 21, 1998) is an American professional soccer player, who plays as a Right Back, Winger for Kdz. Ereğli Belediye Spor in the Turkish Women's Football Super League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Seara started her soccer career playing in the school team at Lindenhurst Senior High School. In 2016, she was also part of the team Farmingdale Legacy.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "During her university years between 2016–2020, she played in the college soccer team Mercy Maverics in the NCAA Division II. The captain of the team was three-time All-ECC selection and two-time All-Region honouree. She recorded eight goals in a total of 76 games played.", "title": "Early years" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Weighing 140 lb (64 kg), the 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) tall athlete plays in the Right Back, Winger position.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the summer of 2017, she turned professional and played for the reserve team of the New Jersey-club Sky Blue FC.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Soon after finishing the college, she went to Spain in Ocrober 2020, and joined Málaga CF playing one year in the Segunda Federación.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "She transferred in September 2021 to AEL FC in Larissa, Greece to play in the 2021–22 and 2022–23 seasons of the Greek A Division.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In August 2023, she moved to Turkey, and signed with the Turkish Super League-club Kdz. Ereğli Belediye Spor.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Trista Celine Seara was born to Tony and Nicole Seara in Lindenhurst, New York, United States on April 21, 1998. She has three brothers.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "After completing her secondary education at Lindenhurst Senior High School in her hometown, she studied from 2016 on at Mercy University majoring in Finance and Marketing. She graduated in 2020 with a Bachelor of Science degree.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ali bin Mahammad bin Sadid el-Din bin Muslim bin Hanna bin Bahaa el-Din Abu el-Hasan el-Masry (Egyptian Arabic: علي بن محمد بن سديد الدين بن مسلم بن حنا بن بهاء الدين أبوالحسن المصري) (1205 – April 1278) or commonly known as Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna was the last Egyptian vizier of the Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate. He assumed the position during the reign of Sultan Turan Shah in March 1250 and then Sultana Shajar al-Durr. He then became the first vizier of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate during the reign of Sultan Aybak. He was considered the most powerful and famous figure during the reign of Sultan Baybars and one of the most famous figures in the Mamluk era in general.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bahaa el-Din's grandfather, Hanna, was an Egyptian Christian man. Then he converted to Islam and called himself Selim, but the name Hanna remained with his family name. Bahaa el-Din's father was Judge Mahammad bin Selim, head of the Egyptian army during the era of Sultan al-Kamil Mahammad al-Ayyubi, and his son Bahaa el-Din was born in 1205.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna began his work in the Egyptian Diwan during the reign of Sultan Turan Shah then Sultana Shajar al-Durr until he rose through the ranks until he became Vizier of State. Then, after the execution of Shajar al-Durr, he was arrested because he was close to her, and then he was released and his conditions changed until Sultan Baybars took over the affairs of the Sultanate. When Baybars assumed power, Bahaa was restored to the position of vizier in February 1261 with the advice of Sheikh al-Islam al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam, who said that he was one of the most righteous and decisive men of the state.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As time passed, Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna proved his competence and began to rise through the ranks until he became the rank of Al-Shahib al-Wazir al-Kabir (Grand Vizier), which was at the time the second most important position after the Sultan in the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate, which made him the man next to the Sultan in position.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna led major reform campaigns in the Egyptian state. He was the one who did not accept bribery or mediocrity throughout his life. He fought bribery and corruption in the rest of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate. This angered the corrupt people in the Sultanate, which made Ibn Hanna enemies everywhere. At the same time, he became the closest person to the Sultan of Egypt, Baybars, and the person he loved and was closest to the most. Baybars considered Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna a father to him, and no matter how much the corrupt princes told Baybars about dismissing Vizier Bahaa Al-Din, Baybars became angry with them. The historian Al-Nuwayri says:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "“He was in the closest position to the Sultan and the most honorable in his position.”", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna was the builder of the famous El-Zahir Baybars Mosque in Cairo, so the Sultan did not entrust anyone other than him with the task of building the Great Mosque.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The Grand Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna founded a large and powerful Egyptian family, as his sons and grandchildren from the Hanna family continued to hold major positions in the Egyptian Sultanate throughout the Mamluk era, and they often held vizier positions like their him and worked in the Diwan (royal offices).", "title": "Family" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The Grand Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna died at the age of 73 in April 1278 during the reign of Sultan As-Said Barakah, and a solemn military funeral was held for him in Cairo, befitting his position as the strong, loyal, and righteous man of the Egyptian Sultanate.", "title": "Death" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The historian Ibn Shaker Al-Kutbi said about the Grand Vizier Bahaa el-Din ibn Hanna textually:", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "“He was one of the men of the time who was firm, determined, opinionated, shrewd, and wise. Al-Zahir Baybars sought guidance from him and delegated matters to him, and he did not have any control over him. He carried out the burdens of the kingdom. He was broad-minded, chaste, and upright. He would not accept anything from anyone unless he was among the righteous and the poor, and he used to say about them: He would be kind to them. He respects them and maintains good relations with them.”", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "To this day, there is one of the largest streets in the Egyptian capital, Cairo, bearing the name of the Grand Vizier Bahaa al-Din ibn Hanna. In addition to a mosque and endowment for him.", "title": "Legacy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Daniel L. Hertz Jr. (February 27, 1930 - January 9, 2021) was an entrepreneur, executive and self-educated scientist noted for his leadership in the rubber industry.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hertz was born to Daniel L. Hertz Sr. and Elizabeth Beet Hertz in Montclair, New Jersey, on February 27, 1930. He married Isabel P. Waud. He served in the Korean War in the Army.", "title": "Personal" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Hertz attended Stevens Institute of Technology, studying mechanical engineering, but he was asked to leave after his freshman year. He was later award an honorary degree, of which he said \"that honorary degree came like a shot out of the blue... that kept me alive for years, it really did. After I was kicked out of Stevens, I thought if I ever showed up on campus I'd be lynched.\"", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He worked for a time as a salesman for Precision Rubber Products, and for a distribution company named Linear. At the age of 23, Hertz founded Seals Eastern Inc to design and manufacture o-rings. In 1986, following the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, NASA consulted with Hertz, and he appeared as an expert on the MacNeil-Leher Newshour and other media.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ramazon is a masculine given name meaning Ramadan in Uzbek and Tajik languages.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Notable people include:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "SMASH Handheld is a fire-control system developed by the Israel-based company Smart Shooter. When installed on an assault rifle, it uses on-board AI-powered machine vision to assist in aiming shots more precisely. The Israel Defense Force praised the technology after its successful use in the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, claiming that \"it quadruples the forces’ chances of hitting their target, and thousands of it have already been used by the soldiers in the Gaza Strip.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It is currently in use by Israel, England, the USA, India, and other countries.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Heinz Geggel (11 November 1921 – 15 November 2000) was a German Holocaust survivor, journalist and party functionary of the Socialist Unity Party (SED).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nicknamed 'Geggels' in reference to Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels, he served as the longtime head of the powerful Agitation Department at the Central Committee of the SED and de facto commanded East German press.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Born to a merchant, Geggel attended primary and secondary school in Munich from 1928 to 1936.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Due to his Jewish heritage, he had to emigrate from Germany. Until 1938, he completed an apprenticeship at a commercial school in Neuchâtel, Switzerland, then switched to study textile engineering at a technical school in Verviers, Belgium. From May 1940 to June 1941, he was interned and forced into labor. In 1940, the Nazi regime revoked his German citizenship.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In December 1941, he emigrated with his family via Casablanca to Cuba, where he worked as a diamond cutter. He became a member of the Confederation of Cuban Workers and the Committee of German Antifascists in Cuba. In 1944, Geggel joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and dealt with the registration of German Nazis living in Cuba.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He returned to Germany in November 1947, arriving in Berlin via Frankfurt am Main in February 1948. He became a member of the SED in March 1948 and initially worked as an editor at the Grünau radio station. From 1949 to 1956, he was an editor and department head at Berliner Rundfunk. He attended the \"Karl Marx\" Party Academy for a year in 1953/54.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "From 1957 to 1960, he was the director of Deutschlandsender and concurrently the deputy chairman of the State Radio Committee of the GDR. Following this, until 1962, he headed the SPD Working Group of the West Commission and from 1962 was the secretary of the West Commission at the Politburo of the SED Central Committee.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "From January 1963 (VI. Party Congress) to June 1971 (VIII. Party Congress), he was a candidate member and from 1971 to 1989 a full member of the SED Central Committee. In 1963, Geggel became the deputy head of the West Department of the SED Central Committee, eventually becoming its head in 1965 (succeeding Arne Rehahn).", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In October 1973, he succeeded Rudi Singer, Werner Lamberz, and Hans Modrow as the fourth head of the Agitation Department of the SED Central Committee, a position he held until stepping down during the Peaceful Revolution in November 1989. From 1971 to 1990, Geggel was also a board member of the Association of Journalists of the GDR.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "As head of the Agitation Department, Geggel's task was to align the East German press with the political line of the SED. The chief editors of the East German press were required to attend weekly 'argumentation sessions' at the SED headquarters for this purpose. At times, the wording of headlines and specific phrases was dictated during these meetings. Due to his unyielding stance in these sessions, journalists sometimes referred to him as 'Dr. Geggels,' in reference to Joseph Goebbels.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Geggel was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in 1959, 1964 and 1970, the Banner of Labor in 1968, 1971 and 1981, the Karl Marx Order in 1981 and 1986, and the Hero of Labour title in 1984.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Geggel passed away in 2000 at the age of 79 in Berlin.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jarrod Moroole (born 9 October 1991) is a South African soccer player who plays as a defender for Cape Town Spurs in the Premier Soccer League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Moroole spent his early career in the academy of Ajax Cape Town as well as playing for Old Mutual. He played several years in the National First Division, first for F.C. Cape Town, then for Vasco da Gama and its successor Stellenbosch. He captained Stellenbosch as the team won promotion from the 2018-19 National First Division. He made his South African first-tier debut in the 2019-20 Premier Soccer League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After spending one season in Cape Town All Stars, he was signed by Cape Town Spurs in 2021. Moroole helped win promotion to the first tier again, this time from the 2022-23 National First Division. In 2023, Moroole notably scored the winning goal as Cape Town Spurs upset Orlando Pirates 2–1 in the Premier Division.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Ukrainian Cycling Federation (Ukrainian: Федерація велосипедного спорту України), abbreviated to FCU, is the national governing body of cycle racing in Ukraine.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The FRC is a member of the UCI and the UEC.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The federation also organizes in hosting the Ukrainian National Road Race Championships and Ukrainian National Time Trial Championships, providing a platform for domestic riders to vie for national titles in various road cycling disciplines.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Variospora thallincola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was formally described as a new species in 1875 by the botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell, who named it Lecanora murorum var. thallincola. Gustaf Einar Du Rietz raised it to species status in 1925, as Caloplaca thallincola. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Variospora in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Variospora thallincola is characterised by its placoidioid, bright orange thallus that forms closely appressed, circular structures resembling cartwheels, each measuring 3–4 cm in diameter. The thallus features convex, finger-like lobe ends, around 0.3–0.7 mm broad, which lie closely together and are separated by frequently parallel furrows. The central area of the thallus is convex and areolate, and lacks pruina, a powdery or waxy coating.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The species develops apothecia, the fruiting structures, which can be up to 0.8 mm in diameter and are generally scattered across the central area of the thallus. The thalline margin of the apothecia is orange and becomes excluded as they age. The discs of these apothecia are brown-orange in colour and transform from flat to convex over time. Within the apothecia, the paraphyses (sterile filamentous structures) are loose, with some being simple while most fork towards their tips, which are slightly swollen. The ascospores of Variospora thallincola are distinctive for their swollen, lemon-shaped appearance, measuring 11–14 by 8–11 μm with a septum width of 4–5 μm, accounting for half the length of the ascospore. Both the thallus and the apothecia react to a potassium hydroxide (K) spot test by turning purple.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Found on rocky coasts with siliceous stone, Variospora thallincola typically grows in the mesic to submesic-supralittoral zones. It prefers north-facing rock surfaces that are shaded. The lichen is widely distributed, having been reported from Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.", "title": "Habitat and distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eritrea is a small coastal nation situated along the Red Sea in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Sudan, Ethiopia, and Djibouti. The country spans a total land area of 124,300 square kilometers and boasts a coastline extending 1,900 kilometers. Eritrea's territorial waters in the Red Sea zone comprise approximately 120,000 square kilometers. It possesses diverse eco-geographic regions that provide unique habitats for both marine and terrestrial flora and fauna. Eritrea is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world to the adverse effects of climate change and increased climate variability has already been evidenced in the country.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Eritrea's CO2 emissions in 2020 were 6,242.49 thousand metric tons, showing a 1.02% increase from 2019. Fossil CO2 emissions in Eritrea were 684,140 tons in 2016. CO2 emissions increased by 4.79% over the previous year, representing an increase of 31,259 tons over 2015, when CO2 emissions were 652,881 tons.", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Emissions" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The climate of Eritrea exhibits a diverse range of conditions, characterized by hot and arid regions near the Red Sea, temperate climates in the highlands, and sub-humid conditions in isolated micro-catchment areas along the eastern escarpment. Approximately 71% of the country experiences hot to very hot weather, with an average annual temperature exceeding 27°C. Another 24% of the nation is warm to mild weather, with mean temperatures hovering around 22°C. The remaining 5% of Eritrea's territory is of a cool climate, showcasing an average annual temperature below 19°C. Rainfall distribution also varies significantly, with precipitation increasing as one moves from north to south. In the northwest lowlands, rainfall barely exceeds 200 mm annually, while the south-western lowlands receive more than 700 mm of rainfall per year. Overall, Eritrea is predominantly arid, with approximately 70% of its land area classified as such and average annual rainfall of less than 350 mm.", "title": "Climatology" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Since the 1960s, there has been an increase in temperature of approximately 1.7°C, with an average rate of 0.37°C per decade. Eastern Africa, including Eritrea, has witnessed a more frequent occurrence of extreme precipitation changes, such as droughts and heavy rainfall events, during the past 30-60 years. An analysis of data from 1912-2005 also indicates a decline in rainfall for the central and southern highlands, where rain-fed agriculture prevails as the dominant economic activity.", "title": "Climate Change Impacts" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Current climate change projections suggest that the Anseba River's base flows and the shallow groundwater along the stream bank will be significantly impacted. As highlighted in the NAPA report, it is anticipated that rising temperatures and increasing rainfall variability will lead to a decline in overall groundwater supply and an elevated demand for crop water.", "title": "Climate Change Impacts" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The escalating impacts of climate change, including droughts and frequent drought-related crises, have led to displacement and increased vulnerability among communities in Eritrea. This has been particularly observed in at-risk communities.", "title": "Climate Change Impacts" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Over 70% of Eritrea’s population is reliant on agriculture, encompassing crop and livestock production, for their sustenance. Conversely, throughout most times of the year, the populace faces food insecurity due to the impacts of climate change and land degradation. Agriculture bears the brunt of capricious weather conditions and significant seasonal price fluctuations. Consequently, domestic food production consistently falls short of the country's requirements, necessitating a dependence on commercial imports. In recent times, Eritrea has also experienced volatile fluctuations in livestock production. These variations are ascribed to both factors influenced by human activities and the altering climate patterns. Scarcities of pastures and water sources, primarily triggered by climate change and the deterioration of land quality, further impede the livestock sector of the nation.Small-scale farmers play a dominant role in the agricultural sector, where they experience low agricultural productivity. These farmers are typically living in persistent poverty and heavily rely on rain-fed and traditional farming practices. As a result, these communities are exceedingly susceptible to the variability of climate change.", "title": "Climate Change Impacts" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Eritrea has implemented several policies and legal frameworks to contribute to both the adaptation and mitigation of climate change. The country has made significant strides in incorporating climate change considerations into its national development policy framework. Eritrea has already taken proactive measures to integrate climate change mitigation issues into sectoral policies, such as through the Energy Development Framework and Strategy (EDFS). In 2007, Eritrea launched its National Climate Change Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) which built on ongoing efforts to address climate change in the country’s development policy framework. The NAPA focuses on strengthening adaptation to climate change in five priority sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, water, marine and coastal environment, and public health.", "title": "Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Eritrea submitted its first Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the UNFCCC in 2018, committing to reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 12% by 2030 compared to 2010 levels. With additional support, emissions can be reduced by 38.5% by 2030. The NDC outlines concrete measures for implementation, including capacity building, technology transfer, financial support, and partnerships with regional and international agencies. Monitoring and evaluation tools are proposed for effective implementation of the NDC.", "title": "Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 2021, Eritrea submitted its First Biennial Update Report (BUR1) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The country is also currently in the process of preparing its Third National Communication (TNC), Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA), and National Adaptation Plan (NAP) documents.", "title": "Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anne Quigley (born 1955 or 1956) is a British composer and Catholic liturgist who is best known for her vocal composition “There is a Longing.”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Quigley was born in Yorkshire. She was a member of the St. Thomas More Group of composers, which was associated with the parish of St. Thomas More in north London from 1969 to 1995. Quigley also served as a musician at the parish of Deptford in southeast London with another Yorkshire musician, Bernadette Farrell.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Quigley’s music has been published in the Decani Choral Music Series, and by Oregon Catholic Press and Oregon Press Publications. Her vocal compositions include:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "“Do Not Delay”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "“Easter Litany”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "“Father, Forgive Them”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "“For Justice, for Freedom, for Mercy”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "“Take, Lord, and Receive”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "“The Lord is with You”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "“The Seven Last Words from the Cross”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "“There is a Longing”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "“This is Our God”", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Listen to “There is a Longing” by Anne Quigley", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "References", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tilak Raj Prabhakar was an Indian mathematician specializing in special functions and integral equations. In a paper published in 1971, he introduced a three-parameter extension of the Mittag-Leffler function. Subsequently this function was to found to have numerous applications in various areas of mathematics like fractional calculus and also in certain areas of physics. The function has since been named \"Prabhakar function\" in honor of the person who had introduced it.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Prabhakar secured his M.A. and B.A. degrees from the Benaras Hindu University (India) and obtained his Ph.D. form the University of Delhi (India) in 1970 with a thesis on \"Integral Equations and Special Functions\". Initially he taught at the S.D. College in Muzzaffarnagar. Then he joined the Multani Mal Modi College in Modinagar where he became Head of the Department of Mathematics and later he moved to the Ramjas College of the University of Delhi. His was an untimely demise. He was professor of Mathematics at the National Institute of Electricity and Electronics in Boomerdes (Algeria) when he died in 1982.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Yaşar Okuyan (28 August 1950 – 26 December 2023) was a Turkish politician who served as a MP. Okuyan was born on 28 August 1950, and died from a lung disease on 26 December 2023, at the age of 73.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saint Seiya: The Hades is a three-dimensional fighting video game developed by Dimps and published by Bandai for PlayStation 2. Released on September 29, 2006, in EU and December 20, 2007, in Japan, it is the seventh video game based on the Saint Seiya franchise, a manga series written by Masami Kurumada.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The game features the Bronze Saints, holy warriors dedicated to protecting the reincarnation of the goddess Athena, led by Seiya, as playable characters. Following an assassination attempt, Athena's life is in danger, and the Saints of Bronze must travel across the Sanctuary, the sacred home of the Saints, to restore Athena to her throne, usurped by the mastermind of the assassination attempt, the Great Pope. Along the way, they will have to face various adversaries, including the Gold Saints, most of whom are unaware of the Great Pope's betrayal. After saving Athena, the Bronze Saints must confront Hades, the god of the Underworld who has resurrected the Saints who died in the battle for Sanctuary. The latter wish to take revenge on Athena, and it's up to the surviving Bronze and Gold Saints to protect her.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A direct sequel to Saint Seiya: The Sanctuary, and developed by the same team, Saint Seiya: Hades uses the same graphics engine as its predecessor, as well as a substantial part of its storyline, while improving certain criticisms of gameplay and adding a new narrative arc.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The game was better received than its predecessor by the specialized press, who appreciated the improvements made to the gameplay, which is now less rigid and more dynamic, but still regretted a game with inadequate graphics, and which capitalized mainly on the nostalgia and love of fans for the franchise, without making any real effort.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The adventure of Saint Seiya: The cloth takes place in the universe of the Saint Seiya franchise. In a contemporary world, certain teenagers are chosen to defend the reincarnation of the goddess Athena: Saori Kido. To protect her, they inherit an cloth inspired by a constellation. Their powers depend on this cloth, but also on their cosmos, a spiritual force originating from the Big Bang.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After learning that Saori - the young girl they have been protecting for several years - is the reincarnation of the Greek goddess Athena, Seiya, Shiryu, Shun and Hyôga realize that the Great Pope, master of the saints' sacred place, has attempted to assassinate her. Once in front of the Sanctuary, Saori is hit by a magical arrow, shot by a Silver Saint loyal to the Great Pope. Thinking that the latter will be able to heal Saori and return to reason, the Bronze Saints have twelve hours to travel through the twelve houses of the Zodiac, each guarded by a Golden Saint. After several battles, Seiya and the other Bronze Saints discover that the Great Pope has been killed by Saga, the Golden Saint of Gemini, who has since replaced him by usurping his identity. As the Bronze Saints face increasing resistance, Seiya, the only Saint Saint to reach the throne room, thanks to the cosmos of his friends, manages to defeat Saga and heal Saori.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In a moment of lucidity, Saga commits suicide, so as not to harm Saori again, whom he recognizes as the legitimate reincarnation of Athena, in front of the surviving Saints.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The player takes on the role of several Bronze Saints sworn to protect Saori Kido, the reincarnation of the Greek goddess Athena. The five main characters, Pegasus Seiya, Dragon Shiryu, Andromeda Shun, Cygnus Hyôga and Phoenix Ikki, are united by a strong bond of comradeship, and seek to cross the Sanctuary in order to save Saori.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "One of the main antagonists is Saga, one of the Golden Saints. Suffering from a split personality, his evil side finally takes control, leading him to assassinate the Great Pope, master of the Sanctuary, and usurp his position. In this way, he organizes the attempt on Saori's life. The second main antagonist is Hades, the god of the Underworld and Athena's sworn enemy. He wishes to control planet Earth, a plan that has been repeatedly thwarted by Athena and her Saints. Like Athena, he is incarnated in a human, in this case Shun, a pure-hearted Bronze Saint of Athena. He is accompanied by several fallen Golden Saints resurrected by him, such as Shion, the former Grand Pope, as well as several soldiers from the underworld, such as Minos, Rhadamanthys and Aiacos.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The player will also meet several Gold or Silver Saints, each with a particular view of this conflict. Some, like Mû of Aries, trust the Bronze Saints and help them in their rescue attempt, others, like Milo of Scorpio or Aldébaran of Taurus, are convinced after their defeats, while some, like Masque de Mort of Cancer or Aphrodite of Pisces, have sworn allegiance to the usurper. Several of these Saints, killed during the battle of the sanctuary, return under the orders of Hades.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "After several years of peace, Hades, god of the dead, unleashes a new holy war on Athena. In addition to his army of Underworld Saints, Hades also resurrects several Golden Saints who fell in battle during the sanctuary, including Camus, Aphrodite, Masque de Mort, Shura and Saga. Shion, former Golden Saint of Aries and now Grand Pope, is also brought back to life by the powers of Hades, and is given twelve hours to kill Athena. The surviving Golden Saints, along with the Bronze Saints, defend Athena with their lives. After several losses on both sides, the resurrected Golden Saints reach Athena, who commits suicide in front of them.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Shion then explains to the surviving Bronze and Gold Saints that he and the Saints never betrayed Athena, but used the time given by Hades to send a message to her without Hades' knowledge. The latter, having received the message from Saga, then committed suicide, so that her blood would allow the appearance of Athena's cloth, the only cloth capable of defeating Hades. The Bronze Saints are then entrusted with another mission: to bring Athena's divine cloth to Saori, who is in the Underworld after her suicide. This brings them face to face with the three Judges of the Underworld, Hades' fearsome lieutenants.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Saint Seiya: Hades is a three-dimensional fighting game, where the player can choose one of the saga's protagonists or antagonists to fight another player or the computer. The player only controls his character during combat, and can't move around on a map. The story is told through cutscenes and dialogue boxes.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Several game modes are available to the player: the \"Hades\" mode, which acts as a story mode and recounts the events of the Sanctuary and New Holy War story arcs. In this mode, the player embodies one of the Bronze Saints, and fights computer-controlled characters in a precise order, in specific arenas. These battles are interspersed with commented illustrations, skits and cinematics between the characters, as well as real-time sequences, allowing the story to develop between battles. The \"1000 days\" mode corresponds to the Versus mode, where the player can fight another player or a computer-controlled character, with no restrictions on characters or arenas. The \"Legend\" mode is the equivalent of Arcade mode, featuring battles against the three judges of the Underworld, Rhadamanthys, Aiacos and Minos. The \"Eternal Battle\" and \"Lightning Battle\" modes allow players to fight against hordes of enemies and opponents respectively, within a limited timeframe.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Finally, the \"Saints' Rest\" mode is a bonus mode, a gallery in which players can consult various rewards obtained throughout the game, and obtain information and illustrations on figurines and merchandise from the Saint Seiya franchise, such as the Myth Cloth, as well as on the game's soundtrack.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The game features forty-nine fighters, representing various Saints of Athena or Specter of Hades in a variety of cloths. Each has unique fighting techniques, enabling them to perform combos.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Combat takes place in real time. Each character has a range of weak and strong moves, which can be alternated to create a sequence, as well as a life bar. The strength of these blows depends on the length of time the player has pressed the attack button. The player also has a protect button, allowing him to put himself in a guard state, which protects him from the opponent's attacks. By pressing at the right moment, the player can parry the opponent's attack, giving him the opportunity to counter-attack. Special moves, varying according to character, as well as a projection that can bypass the opponent's guard, are also available. These special moves require Cosmos, symbolized by a gauge that fills up thanks to moves made and received. The player also has the option of raising his or her own cosmos gauge, while remaining motionless. New gameplay features include the dash, a sudden forward acceleration that allows the player to surprise his opponent.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "To counter one of these special attacks, the defender must press specific keys within a limited time to avoid the attack. If two special attacks meet, the two players then engage in a duel, where they must choose an action in a game that resembles a game of rock-paper-scissors, rather than a duel of speed as in the previous version. The player can also trigger his seventh sense, to enhance his abilities for a short time, replacing the arena with a galactic background, and which also leaves him vulnerable for a few seconds after use.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Once a character's life bar is empty, he or she has a chance to get back up and continue the fight, by rotating the controller's analog sticks as quickly as possible. This mini-game takes the form of encouragement from the goddess Athena, who urges her saints to get up and fight again. For characters obeying Hades, it's Pandora who urges the specter to stand up. If the player fails this mini-game, he loses for good.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Battles take place in arenas, featuring emblematic locations from the saga, such as the various houses of the Zodiac, or the interior of Hades' palace. In these settings, certain elements can be destroyed, such as the columns of the various houses. This has no effect other than aesthetic on the combat.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "The beat 'em up phases introduced in the previous version have also been removed, in favor of the new duel system.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Following the success of the game Saint Seiya: The Sanctuary and the success of the animated series, a sequel was launched. The Dimps studio, familiar with the adaptation of manga into fighting games and responsible for the development of Saint Seiya: The Sanctuary, took charge of the game's development, again with Ryu Mito as project manager.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "The Dimps studio chose not to adapt the Asgard story arc, exclusive to the animated series, nor the Poseidon story arc, though derived from Kurumada's work, to concentrate on the Hades story, very popular with fans, and in the continuity of the Sanctuary story arc. What's more, at the time of the game's release, the animated series currently airing in Japan was in the process of adapting this arc. The studio's choice of timeliness meant that, at the time of the game's release, the animated series had not yet completed the Hades story arc, which explains why the game didn't finish this story arc either. To compensate for the unfinished storyline, Dimps also considered adapting the unpublished story arc from the film Legend of Crimson Youth. However, as this film presents a similar scenario to that of the Hades arc, with resurrected Golden Saints, the studio felt that this would ultimately harm the project.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Unlike Saint Seiya: The Sanctuary, the dubbing is done in Japanese only, with the original voice actors from the series.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Saint Seiya: The Hades was announced by Atari in June 2006, for autumn 2006. At the same time, it was announced that the Hades story arc would be adapted. The game was demonstrated at Japan Expo 2006, on the Bandai Namco stand, and at the Games Convention in Leipzig in August 2006.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Saint Seiya: The Hades was released in France on September 29, 2006, before the Japanese release in 2007. Like its predecessor, Saint Seiya: The Hades is not distributed in North America.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Saint Seiya: The Hades was better received by critics than the previous version of the franchise, but nonetheless received mixed reviews, with critics appreciating the faithful adaptation of Masami Kurumada's work, but lamenting the still rigid gameplay and poor graphics.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "Ian Dean, from PlayStation Official Magazine - UK, laments the chaotic graphics, but says they capture the essence of the series. Jeuxvideo.com deplores \"the very rough modeling, exaggerated shine on armor and hair characterized by filthy textures\", while acknowledging that \"the visual effects do just about fine, although the scenery is generally too empty to catch the eye.\" Nevertheless, he appreciates the game's soundtrack, which \"fits perfectly with the spirit of Saint Seiya and contributes to the dynamism of the confrontations.\" Luke Albiges, from the specialist site Eurogamer, finds \"the graphics shocking by Playstation 2 standards.\" For Maxime Chao, editor-in-chief at JeuxActu, the game is \"just as ugly as its predecessor, and the animation just as mechanical.\" The Gamekult team also deplores the \"3D engine used, which has hardly evolved at all, and still offers a mishmash of aliasing combined with sketchy modeling.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "For the British specialized magazine PlayStation Official Magazine - UK, the gameplay is too simplistic and frustrating. Valérie Précigout, from Jeuxvideo.com, appreciates the gameplay improvements, which make combat much more dynamic, but regrets the lack of depth. Fifteen years later, she revisits this opus in her book, \"Le mythe Saint Seiya: Au Panthéon du manga\", and sums up the game as \"a series of unpretentious jousts in the most inspired chapter of the saga, without ever managing to restore its emotional force.\" Diego Lima, a journalist for IGN Brazil, considers it to be the best Saint Seiya-inspired game released to date, with a \"much more precise\" combat system. Eurogamer deplores the poor gameplay, calling the game a \"disgrace\", and advises playing other fighting games on PlayStation 2. This same gameplay was praised by the JeuxActu team, who praised the gameplay as \"far more interesting and effective for the cosmo-galactic combat enthusiast.\" For Gamekult journalist Frédéric Luu, the gameplay is \"less soporific than the previous opus, but doesn't reach technical heights\". He also deplores the artificially inflated content.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "Valérie Précigout, a journalist at Jeuxvideo.com, praises the faithfulness to the source material created by Masami Kurumada, but regrets the \"almost non-existent staging, which does no justice to the memorable poignancy of certain passages in the manga.\" This fidelity is also praised by JeuxActu's Maxime Chao, who also praises the Japanese dubbing, which uses the original dubbers from the animated series, a dubbing also praised by Gamekult's Frédéric Luu.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "Following the success of Saint Seiya: The Hades, despite its mixed reviews, several other fighting games set in the Saint Seiya universe were developed, again by the Dimps studio and directed by Ryu Mito. Saint Seiya: Sanctuary Battle, released in 2011 for PlayStation 3, follows the exact same narrative, as well as the principle of one-on-one combat. The next two games, Saint Seiya: Brave Soldiers and Saint Seiya: Soldiers' Soul, also benefit from the same premise, with an improved graphics engine, more playable characters and the possibility of a North American release. Several characters, such as Shion, make their return to the saga, with special moves very similar to those seen in Saint Seiya: The Hades.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "These characters also make their return in a gacha game inspired by the Saint Seiya franchise, Saint Seiya Awakening.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "The Saint Seiya franchise is famous for its numerous derivative products. As a result, when the video game was released, several Myth Cloth, collectible action figures featuring characters from the series, were marketed, including Shion of Aries in Spectre form, the main character in Saint Seiya: The Hades.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "More unusual, a range of men's underwear is also marketed in Japan, with models inspired by the cloth of the Golden Saints or the warriors of Hades.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "Characters from Saint Seiya: The Hades are also featured in other fighting games, such as J-Stars Victory VS or Jump Force, where Shiryu and Seiya appear, with special moves inspired by those they present in Saint Seiya: The Hades.", "title": "Posterity" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "Précigout, Valérie (June 27, 2019). Le mythe Saint Seiya: Au Panthéon du manga (in French). Third Éditions. p. 376. ISBN 978-2377840977.", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Adriano Martins da Fonseca (born 1 April 1997), known as Adriano Martins, Adriano Mina or just Adriano, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a central defender.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Rio de Janeiro, Adriano Martins represented Penapolense and Vitória as a youth. He made his senior debut with Bonsucesso in the 2018 Campeonato Carioca Série B1.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Adriano began the 2019 season at Uberlândia. A regular starter, he scored twice in a 3–0 home win over Serranense [pt] on 5 May which sealed the club's promotion from the Campeonato Mineiro Módulo II. In July of that year, he joined Francana.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Adriano moved to Novorizontino ahead of the 2020 campaign, but featured rarely in the club's consecutive promotions from the Série D to the Série B. On 16 December 2021, he was announced on loan at Paraná, but the move was cancelled late in the month.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 4 February 2022, Adriano returned to Uberlândia on loan for the remainder of the 2022 Campeonato Mineiro. After only three matches, he returned to his parent club, but did not feature in any matches for the remainder of the year.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Adriano became a starter for Tigre during the 2023 season, helping in their promotion from the Campeonato Paulista Série A2 and becoming a key unit in the 2023 Série B.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Tomnashia luteominia, the red firedot lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed along the North American west coast. The lichen has two varieties: var. bolanderi has distinctive red apothecia (fruiting bodies), while var. luteominia has orange-brown apothecia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1866 by the American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman, as Placodium luteominimum. Sergey Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur transferred it to the genus Tomnashia in 2017. It is commonly known as the \"red firedot lichen\".", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Team Klaksvík is a Faroese handball club from Klaksvík, that plays in the Burn Menn League.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Klemens Frankowski (23 November 1916 – 29 May 1943) was a Polish professional footballer who played as a forward in Liga Piłki Nożnej for Legia Warsaw. Frankowski served in the Home Army during the Second World War and was shot to death by Nazi forces in 1943.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "James M. Phillips (September 6, 1822 – June 4, 1891) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1868 to 1869.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "James M. Phillips was born on September 6, 1822, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Around 1846, Phillips bought a farm in Bohemia Manor, Maryland, and farmed there. He then moved to St. Paul, Minnesota. He later moved to Chester County, Pennsylvania, and operated stone quarries near Avondale. He also worked as a lime burner.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Phillips was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1868 to 1869.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1846, Phillips married Mary Pusey of Wilmington, Delaware. They had two children.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Phillips died of a stroke on June 4, 1891, at his home in Kennett Square. He was interred at Longwood Cemetery in Kennett Square.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "INVNT Group (stylized as [INVNT GROUP]) is an American holding company headquartered in New York City. It was founded by Scott Cullather and Kristina McCoobery in 2020.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "INVNT Group’s predecessor company INVNT was founded by the husband-and-wife team of Scott Cullather and Kristina McCoobery in 2008.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "INVNT was acquired by Time, Inc in 2015.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "INVNT separated from its parent company, Time, Inc, after Cullather and McCoobery reached an agreement to buy the company back in 2017. In the same year, INVNT established offices in Sydney, Australia.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2020, Cullather and McCoobery founded INVNT Group, retaining the INVNT brand as a subsidiary. Cullather assumed the office of INVNT Group’s President and CEO while McCoobery was appointed CEO of INVNT and COO of INVNT Group. The company also appointed Scott Kerr as chief sales officer to lead its global business development team. In addition, INVNT Group acquired the brand strategy firm Folk Hero in 2020. At Dubai’s Expo 2020, INVNT Group partnered with PepsiCo to design three educational pavilions for the event.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "INVNT Group partnered with activist Opal Lee to advocate for legislation making Juneteenth a federal holiday, which was eventually signed into law on June 17, 2021.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2022, INVNT’s Asia-Pacific branch partnered with the non-profit organization The Grok Academy to create Cyber Live, an educational experience simulating a cyber attack, at the Maritime Museum in Sydney. In the same year, INVNT Group formed ITP Live, a division focused on integrated production services.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In addition to its offices in New York and Sydney, INVNT Group also has offices in Singapore, London, San Francisco, Detroit, Washington, D.C., Dubai, and Stockholm.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stephen Peter Lissenburgh also known as Steve Lissenburgh (30 April 1964 – 26 December 2004) was a British policy researcher, economist, school teacher and social scientist. He was married to Sri Lankan born economist Sonali Deraniyagala. He was one of the victims of the devastating 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami which claimed the lives of an estimated 227,898 people.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was brought up in East End of London, an area in London. He attended the Little Ilford School for his primary level education in Manor Park, London. He studied Economics at Girton College, Cambridge which was one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. He gained reputation of being a clever student during his time studying at the Girton College and he coincidentally met his future wife in Sonali Deraniyagala.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Despite the educational qualifications he received from the University of Cambridge, he decided to become a secondary school teacher, much to everyone's surprise especially among his social circles. He started working at schools in impoverished and underprivileged inner-city areas. He also collaborated with his wife Sonali to focus on educational projects in Sri Lanka targeting underprivileged children in the island nation. He resumed his post-graduate studies from where he left off after his five years of service in teaching schoolchildren and completed his Master's degree in the field of Industrial relations at Warwick School. He then returned to where it all began at the University of Cambridge in order to pursue his Doctorate in Economics. His Doctor of Philosophy focused immensely on discrimination against women, which he innovatively connected through the usage of economic sense with sociological methods by applying his paradigm shift approach to tackle societal injustices and challenges.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He did not eventually begin his career in the field of policy research until the age of 30. He entered the Policy Studies Institute (PSI) in the level of junior research grade in 1994 at the age of 30. He quickly rose to prominence as the head of a large research group and up until his untimely demise, he served as a key figure playing a pivotal and instrumental role in policy evaluations in the field of labour market disadvantage. His most important early contribution in his field of work came in the form of a research paper titled Value for Money on the costs and benefits of distributing equal rights for part-time workers, which he, in fact, conjured up on a significantly crucial small-budget fund granted by the Trades Union Congress. He moved to the Institute for Public Policy Research in 1997 where he worked on university-industry knowledge transfer related aspects. However within a year by around 1998, left the Institute for Public Policy Research and rejoined the Policy Studies Institute where he involved in numerous projects ranging from unemployment and he produced a steam of publications on the topic of unemployment.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He was known for his people management skills and social skills where he displayed his potential to the core by facilitating to co-ordinate about nine co-authors in a complex project proposal on the Government's New Deal during the timeframe 2000-2001. The study was successfully published in 2001 as New Deal for Young People: National Survey of Participants, Stage 2.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In December 2004, he went on holiday vacation to Sri Lanka with his wife Sonali and with two sons Vikram and Nikhil as a part of his family's annual Christmas trip. Sri Lanka was their usual winter holiday location, and on a fateful day, he and his family visited the country coinciding with the unprecedented 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami during the latter part of December. It was at Yala National Park that Steve, his children, and Sonali's parents all lost their lives when the tsunami hit the said location on Boxing Day on 26 December 2004. Stephen Lissenburgh was 40 at the time of his death.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Haim Oshri (Hebrew: חיים אושרי; born 1944) was an Israeli Paratrooper during the 6 Day War. He is known for being in the famous picture Paratroopers at the Western Wall, that was taken during the liberation of Jerusalem in 1967.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Haim Oshri was born in Yemen to Yemenite jewish parents. They immigrated to Israel in 1949.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After the Israeli triumph in the Battle of Jerusalem (1967), the photographer David Rubinger took a picture at the Western Wall. It later became known as \"Paratroopers at the Western Wall\"", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Left to right, Zion Karasenti, Yitzhak Yifat and Haim Oshri.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The three former paratroopers seen in the picture met again at the Western Wall in 2007, 2014 and April 2017.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The image had such a strong emotional component that it has become an \"icon of Israel.\" In 2001, the Israeli Supreme Court declared that the photo had \"become the property of the entire nation\"", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jorge Chávez Chaparro (Cuzco; January 19, 1911 — Santísima Trinidad de Tomas; April 27, 1966) was a Peruvian university teacher who served as rector of the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco from 1961 until his death. He was one of the victims aboard LANSA Flight 501.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chávez was born in Cuzco on January 19, 1911, to parents Manuel Chávez Dueñas and Lucía Chaparro Pareja, sister of politician David Chaparro Pareja. He studied at the National School of Sciences and Arts of Cuzco and at the University of Cuzco, where he obtained the degrees of doctor in physical and natural sciences and secondary school teacher, with a specialty in biology (1947–8).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He started working as a professor of the university on May 1, 1940. He worked as professor of the university's faculty of sciences, and as vice-rector from 1956 to 1957. He was distinguished with the classes of the same faculty (1960-61) and of the College of \"Las Mercedes\" (1940), bearing his name. He worked on the Revista Universitaria, the University's official magazine, writing articles such as: Cursos Principales de Mamíferos del Cuzco y su distribución Zoogeográfica and Apuntes para la Mitología del Cuzco.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He was a member of the Cuzco Scientific Society (Spanish: Sociedad Científica Cuzco). Starting in 1961, he was Rector of the University, belonging to sports and cultural institutions in both Cuzco and Lima. During his tenure as rector, he founded the Fortunato L. Herrera Mixed Application School, which operates under the university.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Chávez was aboard LANSA Flight 501 headed to Lima in order to collect funds for the university when it crashed with no survivors on April 27, 1966. Alongside him were colleagues treasurer César Enríquez Cabrera and accountant José Grajeda Navarrete. A ceremony in their memory was held on the university on May 1st, with their bodies present.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Prior to his death, he lived in Kcanchipata street and was married to Tula Gonzáles, with whom he had five children: Jorge, Manuel, David, Lino and Hugo.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sheikh Ali Al-Salem Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah (Arabic: الشيخ علي السالم المبارك الصباح; 1898–1928) was a military commander and the son of the ninth ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Salem Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah, and his wife, Sheikha Latifa Hamoud Sabah Al-Sabah. He was killed in the Battle of Al-Regeai in 1928.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Battle of Al-Regeai was the last significant military engagement in early Kuwaiti history, occurring on January 28, 1928. Sheikh Ali Al-Salem Al-Sabah led armed vehicles against Ikhwan raiders, marking the first use of such technology in Kuwait's warfare. His forces engaged the enemy until his capture and subsequent death, demonstrating his critical role and the battle's significance in Kuwaiti defence history.", "title": "Battle of Al-Regaei" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dionysius Fabricius (1564–1617) was a clergyman and chronicler active in Livonia in the 17th century.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dionysius Fabricius was the dean of the church in Viljandi. His best-known work is the four-volume Livonicae Historiae compendiosa series, in quatuor digesta partes ab anno 1158 usque ad annum 1610, which deals with the history of Livonia.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 season is SS Monopoli 1966's 58th season in existence and ninth consecutive in the Serie C. They are also competing in the Coppa Italia Serie C.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Players" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Win Draw Loss Fixtures", "title": "Pre-season and friendlies" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Last updated: September 2023 Source: Soccerway", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Last updated: 23 December 2023. Source: Worldfootball", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The league fixtures were unveiled on 7 August 2023.", "title": "Competitions" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Candimboides is a genus of flatworm belonging to the monotypic family Candimboididae, in the order Acotylea. The genus itself is monotypic, containing the sole species Candimboides cuneiformis. It is found within Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Candimboides species have elongate bodies without tentacles; the eyes are in two elongate clusters. The pharynx is close to the middle of the body, with the male copulatory organ posterior. The vasa deferentia form an opening into the seminal vesicle. The prostatic organ is muscular, lined with a smooth and tall epithelium. C. cuneiformis is known to be about 6.5 mm in length and 2.5 mm in width. The dorsum is a brownish color with dark speckled spots, representative of the ovaries.", "title": "Description" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thelotrema fijiense is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is known from Fiji.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The lichen was described as new to science in 2011 by the lichenologists Helge Thorsten Lumbsch, Robert Lücking, and Alifereti Naikatini. The type specimen by the first author on the access road to the summit of Devo Peak on Taveuni Island. The species epithet fijiense refs to its type locality.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Thelotrema fijiense has a thallus that is either epiphloedal or hypophloedal, thin, and varies in colour from whitish grey to pale olive or brown around the ascomata (fruiting bodies). The surface of the thallus can be either dull or shiny and is smooth and continuous, with a discontinuous protocortex up to 20 μm thick. The algal layer of the thallus is continuous, featuring sparse, small crystals. This species does not make vegetative propagules such as isidia or soredia.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The ascomata of Thelotrema fijiense are roundish, measuring 0.2–0.4 mm in diameter, and appear either solitary or occasionally fused at the margins, with a semi-emergent to emergent, flattened-hemispherical shape. The disc of the ascomata may become partly visible, with a greyish to pale flesh-coloured hue and is slightly pruinose. The pores are small, up to 0.25 μm in diameter, and range from roundish to slightly irregular. The proper exciple is visible from the surface, and is whitish to off-white, and incurved. The thalline margin of the lichen is thin, widening or occasionally gaping with age, olive-brown to brown in colour, and usually roundish to irregularly roundish with an entire edge. The proper exciple becomes free, at least in part, and is hyaline (translucent) to pale yellowish internally, with a yellowish-brown marginal area that is amyloid at the base. The hymenium is up to 140 μm high, clear, and conglutinated with moderately interwoven paraphyses that are unbranched to slightly branched, with slightly thickened tips. Lateral paraphyses are inconspicuous and up to 30 μm long, but no columellar structures are present. The epihymenium is hyaline to brown and granulose.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Asci in this species are eight-spored with a thick tholus that narrows at maturity. The ascospores are transversely septate with thick, smooth, non-halonate, and hyaline cell walls that turn brown at maturity. They are fusiform in shape, with ends that are roundish to acute, and loci that are angular to roundish, measuring 19–27 by 5–7 μm with 9 septa (sometimes as few as 7, or as many as 9). Pycnidia have not been observed in this species, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography indicates the absence of any secondary substances (all spot tests are negative).", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Thelotrema fijiense has been identified solely from its type location on Taveuni Island in Fiji. It is found growing on twigs within a cloud forest, at an elevation of 800 m (2,600 ft).", "title": "Habitat and distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "McKinney Roughs Nature Park is a 1,100 acres (450 ha) nature park and archeological site in Cedar Creek, Texas, United States. Located about 13 mi (21 km) east of Austin and next to the Colorado River, the park features 18 mi (29 km) of trails for hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding. The park is owned and managed by the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA). During the late Archaic Period, around 2,100 years ago, McKinney Roughs served as a camping ground for prehistoric people. In the 1850s, the land was owned by a ranching family that were early settlers of Texas. Over the years, it passed through various owners until it was acquired by the LCRA, which then transformed it into a nature park in 1998.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The park has an unusual convergence of four ecosystems that contribute to its diverse animal and plant life. Within McKinney Roughs and the broader Lost Pines forest, over 250 bird species find habitat, establishing it as a renowned bird-watching destination in Texas. It is also home to several pine trees, mostly notably the loblolly pine, similar to the ones found in the adjacent Bastrop State Park and Buescher State Park.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In ancient times, what is now McKinney Roughs Nature Park served as a camping ground for prehistoric communities at the conclusion of the Archaic Period, approximately 2,100 years ago. Archaeological evidence suggests that on at least three occasions within the period spanning 2,100 to 850 years ago, these communities temporarily camped on the hills of McKinney Roughs. Their activities during these brief stays included deer hunting, collecting mussels from the Colorado River, and gathering various plants from the surrounding area. At the site, archaeologists uncovered 15 features (such as human-made sites), 2,159 artifacts (encompassing tools and weapons), and 1,129 biofacts (unmodified natural materials like shells, otoliths, and bones). Hunter-gatherers at McKinney Roughs had designated specific toss and drop zones for discarding tools or storing them for later use. This practice has assisted archaeologists in comprehending the spatial patterns and activities at the campsite, including cooking, hunting, and toolmaking.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The findings at the archaeological site, known as the McKinney Roughs site (41BP627), were unearthed during initial excavations conducted by SWCA Environmental Consultants. These excavations were carried out as part of preparations for the construction of the neighboring Hyatt Regency Lost Pines Resort and Spa. The artifacts recovered from the site were encased in flood sediments, providing a natural preservation environment for non-perishable items, including ancient cooking ovens, stone tools, fireplaces, and mussel shells. However, items crafted from plants, bones, and hides had disintegrated over time. Archaeologists characterized the site as having \"developed under relatively rare circumstances\", benefiting from the preservation provided by flood sediments. During the Transitional Archaic period, this region experienced substantial rainfall which caused periodic floods near the Colorado River.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first discovery at the McKinney Roughs archaeological site revealed a compact fireplace with charcoal, burned rocks, and lithic debris. These findings provided evidence for archaeologists, indicating the presence of ancient campfires. Subsequent extensive excavations uncovered additional campsites from the same Archaic Period. During the exploration, archaeologists unearthed various ancient tools and weaponry, including flake scrapers, raw chert cores used in crafting tools and weapons, and a small dart projectiles known as Ensor and Darl. The Ensor points at McKinney Roughs underwent radiocarbon dating, revealing an age approximately between 100 B.C. and 200 A.D., corresponding to around 1800 to 2100 years ago, marking the early phase of the Transitional Archaic period. The Darl projectile served as a \"time marker,\" dating the site to approximately 1,100 to 1,150 A.D. The Darl was a transitional weapon used by hunters during the Transitional Archaic period and is considered the early form of the arrow point. Researchers consider the arrow as the hallmark weapon of the subsequent Late Prehistoric period, signifying that the ancient people at the McKinney Roughs site were alive during the final stages of the Archaic Period.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In the early 1850s, the land and Windmill Ranch, which now constitutes McKinney Roughs Nature Park, belonged to the family of John Calhoun Wise. Mr. Wise, who married Cynthia Houston, a cousin of Sam Houston, had eight children. Their descendants resided on the property until the 1950s, after which it changed hands among various owners for over 50 years. In 1990, the land title passed to the Wilton and Effie Hebert Foundation, which subsequently sold the tract in 1995 to the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA), a power utility company overseeing the Colorado River. The LCRA expanded its holdings by acquiring two adjoining parcels in 1996 and 1998, culminating in the creation of McKinney Roughs.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Opened to the public in 1998, the park first unveiled 9 miles (14 km) of hiking and horseback riding trails. The park bears the name of Thomas F. McKinney, an early settler of the State of Texas who had large influence in the development of Austin and Bastrop. Thomas F. McKinney did not own the land that currently comprises McKinney Roughs, but he managed a lumber mill located across from the Colorado River, potentially utilizing timber resources from what is now McKinney Roughs. Local residents had already been referring to the land as McKinney Roughs for many years before its official designation. The term \"roughs\" is derived from the challenging local terrain, which posed obstacles to extensive agricultural endeavors and, according to local legend, served as a potential hiding place for frontier outlaws. In addition to McKinney Roughs, another park in Austin, about 12 mi (19 km) away, is named after him – McKinney Falls State Park.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2009, there was a proposal to downsize and relocate the Brackenridge Field Laboratory, a research field lab owned by the University of Texas at Austin, to McKinney Roughs to accommodate mixed-use development. Faculty members opposed the relocation, arguing that the lab's original location was closer to campus and that moving to McKinney Roughs would negatively impact students' learning. They also noted that McKinney Roughs' other activities, such as horseback riding, did not align with the lab's research interests. Ultimately, the lab was not moved. In 2011, parts of Bastrop County were engulfed by large fires as a result of exceptional drought and record-high temperatures. The fire was the most destructive wildfire in the history of Texas, and burned about 96% of the neighboring Bastrop State Park. McKinney Roughs was spared of the wildfires but utility infrastructure was damaged. The LCRA temporarily closed McKinney Roughs and the two parks at Lake Bastrop throughout the weekend. Several months later, discussions about replantation emerged, and various park organizations were contemplating the installation of pine cone collectors in seed production areas. McKinney Roughs was being considered for this initiative due to its abundant pine cone seed production.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2014, Bastrop earned a nomination as one of the top 40 travel destinations in Texas, as per a poll conducted by Texas Highways magazine. The magazine specifically emphasized McKinney Roughs' prime location in the Lost Pines region and recommended horseback riding activities as a noteworthy experience in Bastrop. In 2017, the LCRA implemented enhancements at McKinney Roughs, including the construction of a wildlife-viewing blind, a designated bird feeding area, and a demonstration garden. Later that year, McKinney Roughs underwent a expansion of its trail system, extending it to cover a distance of up to 13 mi (21 km). The majority of these trails consist of dirt paths with diverse elevations, including some that ran alongside the Colorado River.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 2018, an ozone monitoring station located in McKinney Roughs, operated by the Capital Area Council of Governments, was moved to Bastrop. The relocation was prompted by an analysis indicating that the trees and vegetation in McKinney Roughs were affecting the accuracy of the system's readings. In 2020, the LCRA temporarily closed McKinney Roughs and its two parks at Lake Bastrop during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The closure was a response to shortages in cleaning supplies necessary to disinfect the facilities and mitigate the risk of possible contamination.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "McKinney Roughs is situated on 1884 State Hwy 71 West in Cedar Creek, a town within Bastrop County. Positioned along Texas State Highway 71 (SH 71), the park is approximately 13 miles (21 km) east of the Austin–Bergstrom International Airport and 8 miles (13 km) west of the Bastrop. Encompassing 1,140 acres (460 ha), this park is located adjacent to the Colorado River and is situated within the Lost Pines forest. The park is also situated adjacent to the Hyatt Regency Lost Pines Resort and Spa, a luxurious 405-acre (164 ha) resort that offers amenities such as horseback riding, a golf course, rafting opportunities on the Colorado River, and guided nature tours. The resort acquired the land from LCRA in 2006; however, guests at the resort continue to maintain access to the park's trails. About 2 mi (3.2 km) north of McKinney Roughs' trailhead is the Happy Horse Hotel, a campground for equestrians. At the park's visitor center, there is an exhibit featuring an aquarium displaying several fish species native to the Colorado River.", "title": "Features and amenities" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "One of the major attractions of McKinney Roughs is the Zip Lost Pines, which has the largest dual zip line in Texas. The zip lines are side-by-side and were designed for couples or group activities. Although the LCRA owns and maintains McKinney Roughs, the zip lines within the park are privately owned and were constructed by an independent company. The zip lines were part of a LCRA initiative to promote increased recreational activities within the park without damaging or impacting the ecosystem. In addition, there are guided kayaking, canoeing, and rafting tours of up to 2 mi (3.2 km) on the Colorado River for children and adults. The park is also home to the Mark Rose Natural Science Center, an educational and recreational facility that promotes nature awareness. The center hosts classes on various subjects, including water conservation, wildlife conservation, land stewardship, and renewable energy. These hands-on activities, administered by the park, are available to both children and adults. The programs at the science center align with the state-level curriculum standards for the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). These programs are specifically designed to prepare students for the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), a former statewide standardized exam.", "title": "Features and amenities" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Accommodations at McKinney Roughs are available for short-term rental. The bunkhouse, capable of housing up to 10 people, offers comprehensive amenities, including bed and bath linens, a lounge area, television, refrigerator, restroom and shower facilities, air conditioning, heating, a covered porch, and adjacent outdoor spaces. Additionally, the facility features five dormitory floors accommodating a total of 112 individuals. These floors are equipped with showers, restrooms, air conditioning, and heating. For larger gatherings, there is an amphitheater with a capacity of up to 120 people, along with three meeting rooms. The Colorado Vista Pavilion, an outdoor venue complete with a grill and electricity, can accommodate 80 people. The Wildflower Hall, capable of hosting up to 240 individuals, boasts air conditioning, heating, a commercial kitchen, and a fireplace. These short-term rental facilities have been used for government meetings, school events, weddings, corporate events, and various other private gatherings.", "title": "Features and amenities" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "McKinney Roughs has served as the host for the local Earth Day Festival, which is part of the Austin Nature Days campaign. This initiative aims to celebrate the \"beauty, vitality, and diversity\" of Central Texas ecosystems and natural resources. Throughout this month-long festival, McKinney Roughs has organized a variety of interactive nature events, such as moon and stargazing, nature journaling, a nature workshop, scavenger hunts, kayaking, and various other outdoor activities. According to local Earth Day organizers, activities such as these are designed to educate participants about the offerings at McKinney Roughs and demonstrate that these are activities they can independently pursue when they visit the park again.", "title": "Features and amenities" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "McKinney Roughs has a 17.6 mi (28.3 km) trail system that incorporates hike-and-bike and horseback riding trails. It also has 1.44 mi (2.32 km) of shorelines that are partially developed. While some trails involve rough terrain and vary in difficulty, there is also a shorter route that provides wheelchair access. Motor vehicles are restricted from the trails. Visitors are allowed to bring pets on trails but are required to be on a leash outside of camping grounds to their safety and to protect wildlife. The maze of trails enables visitors to customize both the length and difficulty of the trails.", "title": "Features and amenities" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Below are the trails displayed on the official McKinney Roughs trails map.", "title": "Features and amenities" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "McKinney Roughs serves as a convergence point for four distinct ecosystems: the Post Oak Savannah, Blackland Prairie, East Texas Piney Woods, and a riparian zone. This unusual convergence contributes to the rich diversity of plant and animal life within the park. The park is inhabited by loblolly pine trees, akin to those found in the neighboring Bastrop State Park and Buescher State Park. Additionally, the cedar trees within the park are eastern red cedar, distinguishing them from the Ashe juniper trees typically found in the Texas Hill Country. There are also toothache trees and bald cypresses. In the spring months, McKinney Roughs is a ripe zone for bluebonnets, the official state flower of Texas, as well as orange Indian paintbrush flowers. The flower and butterfly gardens continue to attract monarch and queen butterflies from spring through the end of summer.", "title": "Flora and fauna" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "McKinney Roughs is home to various mammals, reptiles, birds, and amphibians. Common wildlife sightings at the park include gray foxes, rabbits, white-tailed deer, and squirrels. The park and other parts of the Lost Pines forest serve as a habitat for a diverse array of over 250 bird species. The park collaborates with the LCRA, the Hyatt Regency, the Bastrop County Audubon Society, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department’s Lost Pines Master Naturalists, and the National Audubon Society to organize annual bird-watching events. Throughout specific seasons, visitors have the opportunity to observe various bird species, including but not limited to the cardinal, eastern bluebird, green kingfisher, Carolina chickadee, hummingbird, Eastern screech-owl, Carolina wren, tufted titmouse, wood duck, Northern parulas, common-ground doves, hooded warblers, and the bald eagle—the national bird of the United States. Bastrop is one of the four cities certified by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department as having a \"bird city\" status. McKinney Roughs is recognized as one of the leading birding-viewing destinations within Bastrop County. As of 2019, there are no regulatory restrictions related to threatened or endangered species or wetlands at McKinney Roughs.", "title": "Flora and fauna" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thomas Joseph Steed (13 December 1826 - 26 June 1910) was an early Mormon pioneer in the the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was a polygamist, and author, with his diary being published posthumously in 1925.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "His descendants include a number of people that later formed the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, including Warren Steed Jeffs, Rachel Jeffs, Heleman Jeffs and Lyle Jeffs and Elissa Wall.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shower Beers is an American pop-punk band from New York City, formed in 2022. They have currently released their debut EP The Pregame Properly EP in March 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Shower Beers formed in 2022 in Bethany Beach, Delaware by founding member Chris Diorio. Shortly after forming, Shower Beers relocated to Murray Hill, Manhattan and released their debut EP The Pregame Properly EP in March 2023. In November 2023, Shower Beers released “One More Shot,” the first single off of their 2nd EP Miracle on 34th & 3rd featuring Australian pop-punk band SoSo. Miracle on 34th & 3rd was produced by Rob Freeman (of Hidden In Plain View) at Audio Pilot Studios.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Shower Beers style has been identified as pop-punk. TJPL News Magazine describes Shower Beers’ music as “blending classic 00s punk with modern fervor.\". Shower Beers claims to have been influenced by bands such as Blink-182, Hit The Lights, New Found Glory, and Bowling For Soup.", "title": "Style and influences" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Viola calcicola, the limestone violet, an indigenous plant species, thrives amidst the limestone-laden springs and valleys of the Guadalupe Mountains, spanning the territories of New Mexico and Texas. A perennial reaching 10 cm (4 in) This botanical entity manifests conspicuous macro- and micromorphological affinities to Viola egglestonii, endemic to the limestone cedar glades of the east-central United States, and Viola septemloba, flourishing in the sand pine savannas along the southern Atlantic and Gulf Coast. Distinguished by idiosyncratic vegetative and reproductive features, Viola calcicola marks a seminal occurrence as the inaugural lobed-leaved representative within the confines of Viola subsection Boreali-Americanae in the western United States. Furthermore, it holds the distinction of being the second documented Viola species confined exclusively to the Guadalupe Mountain region.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robert Dunning (born 23 June 1997) is an American hurdler. He was the 2021 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships winner in the 110 metres hurdles.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dunning grew up in Atlanta, Georgia, where he attended Kennesaw Mountain High School and won Class 6A state titles in the 300 metres hurdles and high jump.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After high school graduation, Dunning competed on the South Plains College Texans track and field team, an NJCAA school. After winning NJCAA titles in the 110 metres hurdles and high jump, he transferred to the Alabama Crimson Tide track and field team.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "His NCAA career was highlighted by his 2021 season, when he went undefeated in all 110 m hurdles races including a win at the 2021 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships. His performance was the first track and field title for Alabama men since 2014. His time of 13.25 seconds was also the fastest performance into a headwind in NCAA championship history.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2023, Dunning set his personal best of 13.09 seconds in the 110 m hurdles competing at the inaugural Adidas Atlanta City Games.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Peter Francis Hylebos (December 29, 1848 – November 28, 1918) was a Catholic priest who established schools and hospitals in Tacoma, Washington, and advocated for Chinese immigrants during the Tacoma riot of 1885.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in 1848 and educated at the University of Louvain, Hylebos left Belgium in 1870 to begin his missionary work in the Pacific Northwest. He led the founding of several Catholic institutions in Tacoma, Washington, including St. Leo Church, St Joseph's Hospital, and St. George’s Indian School. He became a prominent figure in the area, with notable appearances including delivering an address at the groundbreaking ceremony of the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "During the Chinese expulsion of 1885, Hylebos spoke on behalf of Chinese immigrants and attempted to prevent loss of life and property. Hylebos's efforts were commemorated in the 2023 opera Tacoma Method created by Gregory Youtz and Zhang Er, which documents the riot.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Hylebos died of the Spanish flu in 1918 and is buried in Tacoma’s Calvary Cemetery. Hylebos Creek, a stream near Tacoma, is named after him.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ömercik may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Black Arts/West was a nationally known African American theater founded in 1969 in Seattle, Washington, by playwright Douglas Q. Barnett. It emerged from Barnett's New Group Theater that started in 1961. It hosted over 32 plays and other performances before its closure in 1980. Notable productions included Derek Walcott’s Dream on Monkey Mountain directed by Jason Bernard in 1971. In 2020, the location of the theater on East Union Street between 34th and 35th avenues was named in honor of Douglas Q. Barnett.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Events in 2024 in the Palestinian territories.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ongoing — 2023 Israel–Hamas war", "title": "Events" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abdul Aziz Khan Kaka (1906–1987) was a member of the Khudai Khidmatgar Movement from Zaida Kallay, Swabi who defeated the Imperial Crown's Political Agent, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan in the elections of 1936.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Under the 1935 India Act, the British accorded the North-West Frontier to Provincial status where elections were held. Aziz Khan Kaka, an associate of the movement's leader, Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the first notable example of a Khudai Khidmatgar candidate winning against an established Pro-British figure. Aziz Kaka's victory helped for the Khudai Khidmatgars to then secure 19 out of 50 seats, becoming the only organised body in the frontier that could contest the elections. It was a stepping stone for Pashtun Nationalist Politics in British-Occupied India, as the new Chief Minister of NWFP was Abdul Jabbar Khan, brother of Bacha Khan who would later declare the Bannu Resolution for an Independent Pashtunistan state.", "title": "Anti-Colonial Politics" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Following the inception of Pakistan a crackdown on the group ensued with the Babrra massacre perpetrated by the state forces and the party was declared illegal. Aziz Kaka spent a total 21 years of imprisonment for 'political crimes' and eventually joined the National Awami Party where he was elected in 1970 to the provincial legislature as a representative of the NAP.", "title": "Pakistan Era" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Richard Leon Mays Sr. (born August 5, 1943) an American retired politician, judge, lawyer, and businessman from the U.S. state of Arkansas. Elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1972, he was one of the first three African Americans to serve in the Arkansas General Assembly since the Reconstruction era. Governor Bill Clinton appointed Mays to the Arkansas Supreme Court as an associate justice in 1980.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mays was born on August 5, 1943, in Little Rock, Arkansas, the younger son of Barnett G. Mays and Dorothy Mae (Greenlee) Mays. His father ran a restaurant and liquor store in North Little Rock. He graduated from Horace Mann High School in 1961 and received his bachelor's degree from Howard University in 1965. He received his law degree in 1968 from the University of Arkansas School of Law, from which he was the first African American to graduate in over a decade. Mays worked as a U.S. Justice Department trial attorney before returning to Little Rock a year later as a deputy prosecutor. He was the first Black prosecutor to serve the 6th Circuit Court in Pulaski County and perhaps the first Black prosecutor in Arkansas history. In 1971, he joined the law firm of Walker, Kaplan, and Lavey, the first racially integrated law firm in Arkansas.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1972, Mays ran for a heavily Democratic seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, losing the primary election to Arkansas Attorney General Ray Thornton. The same year, Mays ran for a seat in the Arkansas House of Representatives, won the election, and served from 1973 to 1977. On leaving office, he co-founded the law firm of Mays, Byrd & Associates. In December 1979, Governor Bill Clinton appointed Mays to the Arkansas Supreme Court to fill out the unexpired term of Justice Conley Byrd, who retired due to health problems. Mays served on the bench until January 1981. He worked full-time for Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign and co-chaired the Cinton-Gore presidential inauguration committee, raising over $1 million. He also worked as a lobbyist and business consultant, facilitating a CMS Energy contract to build a power plant in Ghana.", "title": "Political and judicial career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Mays has served on numerous state boards and commissions, including the Arkansas Ethics Commission, the Economic Development Commission, the Governor's Mansion Commission, the Bank Board, and the Claims Commission, which he served as vice chair and then as chair from 2005 to 2015. At the national level, he served on the U.S. South African Business Development Committee and on the board of the American Judicature Society. In 2013, he became chair of the board of directors of Soul of the South Television, a Black regional TV network. He was a Arkansas Civil Rights Heritage Trail honoree in 2015 and an Arkansas Black Hall of Fame inductee in 2016. He has also taught law at the University of Arkansas School of Law.", "title": "Political and judicial career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Mays married Jennifer Winstead, whom he had dated in high school. They had two children, Tiffany and Richard Mays Jr., who both eventually became partners in their father's law firm. Mays's first wife died in 2000, and he married business executive Supha Xayprasith in 2012.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Flavoplaca oasis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely distributed across Europe, and has been reported in Western Asia, China, and North Africa.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was first formally described in 1856 by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo, as a variety of Callopisma aurantiacum. Ödön Szatala promoted it to distinct species status in 1932, classifying it in the genus Caloplaca. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The lichen Flavoplaca oasis has a typically visible yet thin thallus, characterised by small granules or areoles, particularly noticeable at the thallus margin. The thallus presents a pale yellow hue. It features an alveolate (honeycomb-like) cortex, and its algal layer is distinctly separated by fungal hyphae. This species lacks a prothallus and does not produce vegetative propagules such as isidia, soredia, and blastidia. The medulla of the thallus is white.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Apothecia (fruiting bodies) in Flavoplaca oasis are abundant and are either pseudolecanorine or zeorine in form. They are sessile with a round or elliptical shape, measuring 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter. The apothecial discs are slightly convex, ranging in colour from orange to dark orange, and are not pruinose (dusty or frosted in appearance). The proper margin of the apothecia is very thin and slightly raised, appearing paler than the disc. The amphithecium (outer layer of the apothecia) is somewhat reduced and contains numerous algae, with a poorly developed cortex. The epihymenium (outermost hymenium layer) is granular and yellow, while the hymenium (tissue layer containing the asci) itself is hyaline (translucent) and measures 75–85 µm in height. Paraphyses (filamentous structures in the hymenium) are simple or slightly branched above, with 1–2 apical cells thickened, extending up to 7 µm wide. The hypothecium (the tissue layer below the hymenium) is either hyaline or inspersed, consisting of thin-walled roundish cells measuring 53–125 µm. This layer lacks crystals or oil droplets and features irregular, prosoplectenchymatous hyphae that are 40–50 µm high. The exciple (outer rim of the apothecia) consists of thin-walled oval to polygonal cells, with the upper side measuring 38–50 µm. Paraphyses are mostly simple, occasionally forked, with swollen tip cells measuring 4.5–5.3 µm in width. Asci (spore-bearing cells) are of the Teloschistes-type, measuring 43–52 by 11–21 µm, and typically contain eight spores. The ascospores are polarilocular and thin-walled, measuring 8.5–13.5 by 4.0–7.6 µm. The spore septum is wide, more than a quarter of the spore length, measuring 2.9–4.6 µm. Pycnidia (asexual reproductive structures) have not been observed in this species.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Chemically, the thallus reacts K+ (purple), while the medulla is K–. The epihymenium also reacts K+ (purple).", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Flavoplaca oasis shares similarities with several species. One such species is Athallia holocarpa. The key distinguishing feature of Athallia holocarpa is its apothecia, which have a more yellow tinge compared to the orange hue of Flavoplaca oasis. Additionally, Athallia holocarpa has thicker and more prominent proper margins of the apothecia, and its spores have a broader isthmus, setting it apart from Flavoplaca oasis.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Another species that closely resembles Flavoplaca oasis is Flavoplaca polycarpa. This species can be differentiated by its larger apothecia, which are accompanied by thicker margins. Moreover, Flavoplaca polycarpa is characterised by a more distinct and thicker orange thallus, contrasting with the paler yellow thallus of Flavoplaca oasis. These morphological differences are used in distinguishing Flavoplaca oasis from its look-alikes in the field.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Flavoplaca oasis has established a widespread presence across Europe, and has been reported in Western Asia and North Africa.", "title": "Habitat and distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The typical habitats for Flavoplaca oasis are substrates such as pure limestone, concrete, and mortar, indicating the species' preference for alkaline environments often found in man-made structures. Additionally, Flavoplaca oasis has a versatile ecological role, as it can grow both as a free-living lichen and as a parasitic lichen. In its parasitic form, it grows on endolithic species (i.e., crustose lichens that grow in the interior of rocks) of the genus Verrucaria. The known distribution of the lichen was expanded in 2018 to include China.", "title": "Habitat and distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Giovannini is a neighborhood in the Brazilian municipality of Coronel Fabriciano, in the state of Minas Gerais. It is located in the Senador Melo Viana district, in Sector 4. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), its population in 2010 was 3,020 (2.9% of the municipality's total), distributed over an area of 0.5 km.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The area of the current neighborhood was occupied by Giovannini Farm, administered by the Archdiocese of Mariana and Alberto Giovannini. In the 1950s, the land was plotted and the neighborhood was officially created. It is named after Giovannini, who collaborated on several buildings in the residential area, such as the Alberto Giovannini State School and Coronel Fabriciano's first bus station.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the following decades, the neighborhood expanded and became one of the most populous areas in Coronel Fabriciano. The area includes buildings such as the Church of the Good Shepherd, which features a ceramic mosaic on its facade, and the Senhor do Bonfim Municipal Cemetery. The Governador José de Magalhães Pinto Avenue is the main link between the center of Fabriciano and the Senador Melo Viana district.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Originally, the area where the Giovannini neighborhood is located was owned by the Giovannini Farm. The land between Governador José de Magalhães Pinto Avenue (then Dom Helvécio Avenue) and Belvedere belonged to Alberto Giovannini, while the area between Governador José de Magalhães Pinto Avenue and the current Júlia Kubitschek neighborhood belonged to the Archdiocese of Mariana, under the supervision of Father Rocha, who was also responsible for the land in the current São Domingos, Recanto Verde and Bom Jesus neighborhoods. In the 1950s, the land was divided into lots and converted into a neighborhood, named after Alberto Giovannini, who was born in Queluz in São Paulo and lived in Coronel Fabriciano since August 1927, where he died on September 25, 1963.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In Coronel Fabriciano, Alberto Giovannini worked as a businessman, merchant, landowner and banker. He inaugurated the Banco da Lavoura, the city's first bank branch, and donated land for the construction of the Senhor do Bonfim Municipal Cemetery, and the municipality's first state school, inaugurated in 1969 and named Alberto Giovannini State School. He also helped negotiate the construction of Fabriciano's first bus terminal, now known as the Rodoviária Velha, where stores and low-class apartments are concentrated. In 1978, the cornerstone was laid for the Church of the Good Shepherd, built in an area that had been used by the population for events. The structural and demographic development, combined with representative commerce, has made Giovannini one of the most populous areas in the city.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Giovannini neighborhood has a total area of 0.5 km and is bordered by the districts of Melo Viana, Santo Eloy, Belvedere (to the north), Alto Giovannini (to the west), Nazaré, Centro, Professores (to the south), Bom Jesus, Vila Bom Jesus and Júlia Kubitschek (to the east). Alto Giovannini originated as an extension of the original occupation, but is considered an independent neighborhood by both the IBGE and the municipal administration's geoprocessing system of 2020. It is bordered by the Caladão Stream, which cuts through the city and receives dirt and pollution from homes and small industries, workshops or slaughterhouses on its banks.", "title": "Geography and demography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2010, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) estimated that 3 020 inhabitants lived in the neighborhood, which is comparable to cities in Minas Gerais such as Jaguaraçu, Rio Doce and Carmésia. Among the 63 neighborhoods in Fabriciano, Giovannini ranked 11th among the most populous, comprising 2.9% of the municipal population and 5.6% of the population of the Senador Melo Viana district, with a population density of 5,492.91 inhabitants per square kilometer. Of the total number of inhabitants, 1,421 were men (47.1% of the total) and 1,599 women (52.9%).", "title": "Geography and demography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "According to the IBGE, in 2010 there were a total of 1,088 households. Although it is located between the Melo Viana neighborhood and downtown Fabriciano, which are the municipality's main commercial centers, Giovannini attracts significant commercial traffic, especially along Governador José de Magalhães Pinto Avenue. The Church of the Good Shepherd is the headquarters of the Community of the Good Shepherd, whose Catholic pastoral work also covers the surrounding neighborhoods and is subordinate to the Parish of Saint Anthony, under the jurisdiction of the Itabira-Fabriciano Diocese. Regarding other religions, the neighborhood features a Jehovah's Witness temple and the headquarters of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.", "title": "Geography and demography" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "According to data from the State Department of Education (SEE), the educational institutions located in Giovannini are: the Sítio do Pica-pau Pedagogical Center, a private school that provides preschool and the first grades of primary education (up to 5th grade); the Professor Francisco Letro State School, which offers primary education from 1st to 5th grade; and the Alberto Giovannini State School, a public high school and one of the best-placed institutions in the National High School Exam (ENEM) in Coronel Fabriciano. The water supply service is provided by Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (Copasa), while the electricity supply is the responsibility of Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (Cemig), with 100% of the population having access to the electricity network.", "title": "Infrastructure" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "There is a branch of the Correios on Governador José de Magalhães Pinto Avenue. The city's first bus terminal was located in Giovannini, but it was replaced by another one in downtown Fabriciano. Magalhães Pinto Avenue connects the district to Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves Avenue, which links it to the neighboring cities of Ipatinga and Timóteo. The Pastor Pimentel Interchange, which intersects Magalhães Pinto and Tancredo Neves avenues, also divides Giovannini from downtown Fabriciano. There are municipal public transport bus lines that serve the neighborhood, and many of the routes that connect the central region to the interior of the Senador Melo Viana district use Magalhães Pinto Avenue to reach their destinations.", "title": "Infrastructure" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The area includes buildings such as the Church of the Good Shepherd, whose facade features a ceramic mosaic depicting Jesus with a flock of sheep, and the Senhor do Bonfim Municipal Cemetery, where around 30,000 bodies have been buried in approximately 2,000 graves. Magalhães Pinto Avenue concentrates much of the town's nightlife, with a considerable number of bars and restaurants.", "title": "Culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "There are also leisure activities for the local population, which are often organized by the Community of the Good Shepherd. The church celebrates the Feast of the Good Shepherd every year in May, with processions, masses and shows in honor of the patron saint after whom the church is named. The state schools in the area also organize events aimed at the population, such as environmental awareness campaigns and educational talks, and on All Souls' Day the Municipal Cemetery receives thousands of visitors to the graves. The neighbourhood's open-air market is also organized every week. It was set up in the mid-1970s, initially in the center of Fabriciano. Years later it was transferred to the Professores neighborhood and Nazaré, until it reached Giovannini.", "title": "Culture" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saman Rafat Imtiaz (Urdu: ثمن رفعت امتیاز, born 8 June 1976) is a Pakistani jurist and has held the position of Justice at the Islamabad High Court (IHC) since 17 December 2021. She is the second woman judge to be appointed to the IHC, following Lubna Saleem Pervez.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Imtiaz finished her O-Levels in 1992 and A-Levels in 1994 at Beaconhouse Public School, Karachi. She earned her B.B.A Degree in 1998 from the American University in Dubai and completed her Juris Doctor degree in 2001 from the University of Richmond.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2004, Imtiaz commenced her career as a lawyer and later established her own law firm in 2011 in Karachi, specializing in Corporate, Commercial, Banking, Tax, and other civil matters. Imtiaz was sworn in as an Additional Judge of the IHC on 17 December 2021.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She officially assumed the role of a permanent judge at the IHC on 29 November 2022.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Oleksandr Stepanovych Yakymchuk (September 13, 1899 – 1970) was a painter and educator from Korets in Volhynia (Ukraine).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Oleksandr Stepanovych Yakymchuk obtained his artistic education in private studios Kyiv and in Warsaw from 1921 to 1923. In 1928, he continued his education in Italy. During 1925-1931 he was a tutor at Pochayiv Art School and the same time he headed an amateur theatre in Pochaiv affiliated with Prosvita Ukrainian society, where he played violin.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Yakymchuk has shown his works in the exhibitions in Warsaw (1932-1939), Lutsk (1926, 1928), Poznan (1929), Kremenets, and Lviv.", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Yakymchuk received numerous awards. His works are preserved in the Kremenets Local Lore Museum and private collections in Ukraine, Poland, and Italy.", "title": "Major works" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hannah Chapman Backhouse (née Gurney; 9 February 1787 – 6 May 1850) was an English diarist and Quaker minister. Her work in America was influential in strengthening evangelicalism in American Quakerism.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hannah Chapman Gurney was born in Norwich on 2 February 1787 to Joseph and Jane Gurney (née Chapman). By birth, and later by marriage, she was connected to a financially powerful Quaker network which included the Barclay, Fox, Fry and Pease families. One cousin was Elizabeth Fry.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1811, she married Jonathan Backhouse, a banker and financier, and the couple settled at Darlington. They had three children: two daughters and a son.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1820, Hannah Chapman Backhouse first spoke as a minister. In 1826, she visited Friends in Darlington, with Quaker minister Isaac Stephenson. She travelled with him to Manchester, Lancaster, and Leeds, and from this period onwards advanced rapidly in ministry, holding numerous public meetings. In 1827, Hannah and her husband spent two months visiting Devon, Cornwall, and the Scilly Isles. In 1829, they visited Ireland.", "title": "Quaker ministry" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1830, she travelled to America, accompanied by her husband. She spent five years there, visiting many meetings of Friends. In 1933, Jonathan wrote:", "title": "Quaker ministry" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "I do think my wife's labours in these parts, have been of essential service; - helped some sunken ones out of a pit, strengthened some weak hands, and confirmed some wavering ones, as well as comforted the mourners. She has no cause to be discouraged about her labours, they have been blessed.", "title": "Quaker ministry" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Aside from religious teaching, the Backhouses also focused on schooling and slavery. In Indiana, Hannah was “remembered... for her advocacy of First Day Scripture Schools, many of which were established with her encouragement”. Backhouse also recorded some resistance to her ministry, noting that \"In a few places they refuse women’s preaching\".", "title": "Quaker ministry" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "When Jonathan Backhouse returned to England, Hannah's companion became Eliza P. Kirkbride. She described Kirkbride as \"a gay, animated young person, who, through a succession of afflictions, had become quite serious.\" Kirkbride and Backhouse travelled the southern states of the US, where Backhouse wrote about the evils of slavery.", "title": "Quaker ministry" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1835, they returned to England, and for the next ten years, Hannah continued to travel across England and Scotland. During this time, her eldest surviving son, aged 17, her husband, and a daughter all died.", "title": "Later years" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "During late 1849, her health began to decline. She died on 6 May 1850 at Polam Hall in Darlington.", "title": "Later years" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "List of equipment of the Swedish Air Force.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "{{db-author}}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nutan (Nepali:नूतन) (born 25 January 2000) is a Nepalese actor who is known for Crime Files and Aarati. He made his debut in acting with a stage play in Delhi, India.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Nutan pursued his acting studies in Delhi, India. He worked in some plays and short movies as an acting student in India.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Navjot Singh, also known as Mr. Nobodydudy, is an Indian vlogger, content creator, and comedian based in the Philippines. He is known for his comedic reaction videos, featuring Indian street food vendors cooking colorful and flavorful cuisines. Singh is also popular for his viral catchphrases, including \"Mekus Mekus\" or \"Mix Mix.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The phrase “Mekus Mekus” has become one of the most popular expressions in the Philippines, especially on \"TikTok.\" Despite his fame, Singh revealed that he has been receiving death threats from some Indians living in the Philippines, making him feel unsafe and reluctant to leave his home.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2021–22 First League of the Republika Srpska was the twenty-seventh season of the First League of the Republika Srpska, the second tier football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina, since its original establishment and the twentieth as a second-tier league. The season began on 13 August 2021 and ended on 28 May 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "League table" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vs 24 may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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