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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Scale of the Universe is a 2010 interactive online visualization tool created by Cary and Michael Huang, two brothers from Moraga, California.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2012, Cary and Michael Huang released The Scale of the Universe 2 which later inspired the Kurzgesagt app Universe in a Nutshell.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2018, The Scale of the Universe was included on NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Luka Marić (born 19 July 2002) is an Austrian professional football player who plays as a goalkeeper for Austrian Bundesliga club SK Sturm Graz.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Luka Marić was born in the district of Messendorf [de] in Graz, Austria. His father, Šimo, an equipment manager who joined Sturm Graz in 1993, emigrated to Austria from his birth country of Yugoslavia in 1992. Luka Marić joined Sturm Graz in 2007, aged 6.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Rising through the ranks at Sturm Graz, Marić appeared for Sturm Graz at U18 level and the reserves. Marić made his professional debut for SK Sturm Graz II [de] against Deutschlandsberger SC [de] on 17 August 2018.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He was first named on the bench for the first team in 28 February 2021, in a fixture versus Red Bull Salzburg. After this game, he would be feature on the bench 15 more times. Marić signed a contract extension in February 2023, which would keep him at the club until 2025.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "With Kjell Scherpen out with an illness for the match against SC Austria Lustenau, Marić was ushered into the starting 11. He played all 90 minutes on his first team debut, as Sturm Graz won 1–0 over Austria Lustenau in the Liebenauer Stadium on 25 November 2023.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Marić is eligible to play for Croatia and Austria. He has two caps for Croatia U17 versus Andorra U17 and Slovenia U17.", "title": "International career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Marić then appeared for Austria U18 in two friendles versus Italy U18 and Germany U18. He made 11 appearances for Austria U19. Marić again played in two friendles, this time for Austria U21 against Moldova U21 and Iceland U21.", "title": "International career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Marić was born to Šimo and Diana Marić. He is their youngest child, as he has two older sisters, Natalie and Mirella. He has a nephew, Nicklas, and a niece, Milena.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Prapreče may refer to the following settlements in Slovenia:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle Of Ammal was a battle that happened in 1840, between the Kabyle resistance of Abdelkader against France.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the retreat from Mitidja, Ahmed bin Salem made the strategic decision to fortify the mountains of Khemis El-Khechna and Bani Omran. This move aimed to closely monitor French movements in the region and launch raids against French troops and settlers, Choosing Jebel Zrawla as a vantage point for monitoring French colonial sites south of the Raghaya region, Ahmed ben Salem obstructed the French military patrols. However, each time, artillery fire dispersed the Algerian horsemen and soldiers, resulting in the loss of their horses Simultaneously, the French initiated attacks on a tribe near Ammal seizing 1,000 cattle and 300 sheep, The French army convoy was led from the areas of Khemis El-Khechna (El-Fenek) and \"Ouled Hadj\" (Qara Mustafa) near Wadi Qadara. Approximately 4,000 French soldiers, accompanied by four mountain cannons, were assembled before advancing towards the Amal Mountains.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The campaign against the Ammal Mountains was a retaliatory move by Marshal Vallée. Ahmed ben Salem had directed his allies in Ammal to penetrate Metija, seizing cattle from French settlers in early April 1840, Responding promptly, Ahmed ben Salem came to the aid of the Ammal tribes, launching an attack on Marshal Vallée's forces on April 19, 1840. In this engagement, he managed to kill some French soldiers in the rear.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Chief of Staff \"Villeneuve\" fell, succumbing to his severe injuries during the battle.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rembrandt catalogue raisonné may refer to the following lists of paintings:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Haradzyechna (Belarusian: Гарадзечна, romanized: Haradziečna; Russian: Городечно, romanized: Gorodechno) is a village in Pruzhany District, Brest Region, Belarus. It is part of Shani selsoviet.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "During the French invasion of Russia, French forces and Russian forces clashed at the Battle of Gorodechno in August 1812.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Notodytes variabilis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Argentina.", "title": "Distribution" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Banka Bäver (\"thumping beaver\") is a Swedish round game, which may be considered a development of the children's card game, Beggar my Neighbour, with elements from two other English card games for children: Slapjack and Snap.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following description is based on Clarke (2016) and Sundbyberg (2023).", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The pack is dealt such that each player receives the same number of cards. Excess cards are placed in a pile in the middle and the dealer shows the bottom card to everyone (this is important later). The players' cards are stacked face down.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "and players take turns turning over the top card of their piles and placing it on the centre pile. As soon as the face-up card is a court card or ace, the next player in turn must lay down 1 card for a jack, 2 cards for a queen, 3 cards for a king) or 4 cards for an ace. If all the cards laid out in this way are pip cards, all the cards in the centre pile go to the player who laid out the ace or court card. Should an ace or court card be laid out, the turn passes to next player, who becomes the one to continue laying cards.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "A player can also win the cards in the centre pile by being the first to slap the pile with a hand in two specific situations:", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The winner is the player who ends up with all the cards.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "When Swedish skier Stina Nilsson had broken the 100m world record three times in the same event in 2012, she revealed that she trained for speed by playing Banka Bäver.", "title": "In culture" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania esmes is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The length of the shell attains 2.4 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This species occurs in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea off Greece and in the Aegean Sea.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Reika Yokochi (横地玲果, born November 9, 1975 in Saga, Kyushu Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese geochemist working on the origin and geological behavior of volatile elements. She currently holds the position of Research Professor in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago. Yokochi leads a laboratory specializing in the purification and analysis of noble gases for dating and tracing water circulation within Earth's crust.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Yokochi completed her doctoral studies in earth sciences at National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine (French: L'Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine) in 2005, supervised by Bernard Marty. Her PhD thesis focused on understanding the origin of volatile elements in Earth. She identified the presence of noble gases of solar origin in Earth's deep mantle. She also worked out the contribution of Pu-decay (t1/2=81 Myr) to fissiogenic Xe* in the deep Earth, suggesting a protracted loss of volatiles from Earth's mantle. Between 2005 and 2008, she was a postdoctoral researcher with Neil C. Sturchio at the University of Illinois Chicago, after which she joined the University of Chicago as researcher in 2008.", "title": "Education and early career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Yokochi's research focuses on noble gas geochemistry. She uses noble gases radionuclides, notably Krypton-81 (Kr), to study the age and circulation of groundwater in major aquifers worldwide, including the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, Floridan Aquifer, and the geothermal waters of Yellowstone.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Krypton-81 dating is a scientific method used to determine the age of groundwater. This rare isotope is produced by cosmic rays in the atmosphere and then dissolves into rainwater, eventually seeping into groundwater. With a half-life of 230,000 years, Kr can be used for dating groundwater up to a million years old. The overall abundance of krypton in the atmosphere is only about 1.10 parts per million by volume (ppmv), and within this, the fraction of Kr is extremely small, about 5 × 10. Extracting krypton from groundwater is challenging, requiring processing of large volumes of water. The isotopic abundance of Kr is measured using Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA). Despite these technical challenges, Kr dating is a valuable tool for understanding groundwater history as krypton behaves as an inert tracer during groundwater transport.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In a study of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer in Israel's Negev Desert, Yokochi and colleagues utilized radiokrypton (81Kr) to date groundwater, discovering two major water recharge events. The first, about 38,000 years ago, originated from the Mediterranean, and the second, around 361,000 years ago, from the tropical Atlantic. These events, coinciding with periods of low orbital eccentricity, reveal the sensitivity of moisture transport to orbital forcing. The study highlights groundwater's potential as a record of ancient precipitation and long-term subsurface water storage.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Application of Kr to the Floridan Aquifer revealed freshwater recharge from the Last Glacial Period. Additionally, it detected fossil seawater predating the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating slow seawater movement and a limited but significant exchange of solutes with the ocean, contributing to the aquifer's dolomitization.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Yokochi also conducted experiments aimed at understanding how volatile elements are trapped in ices under conditions relevant to the formation of comets and icy moons. The results of those experiments showed that ice surfaces have heterogeneous adsorption energies, influenced by initial ice-deposition temperatures and thermal annealing. Adsorption sites with higher energy play a significant role at low pressures and higher temperatures, conditions relevant to the protosolar nebula. The experiments also showed that gas trapping occurs primarily through the burial of gas adsorbed on newly formed ice surfaces. Yokochi's experiments indicate that the formation temperature of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as suggested by the observed Ar/H2O ratio, was around 40 K.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Yokochi contributed to the analysis of gases in samples returned from the Ryugu asteroid by JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Yokochi received the Young Scientist Award from the Geochemistry Research Association of Japan in 2012; the same year, she was also named a NASA Planetary Science Early Career Fellow.", "title": "Research activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Reika Yokochi is married to Nicolas Dauphas, a fellow planetary scientist; the couple has two children.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rajeev Ranjan Giri is an Indian author, professor, and critical writer on Hindi literature. He served as a professor in Hindi Department of Rajdhani College, Delhi University. Currently he is teaching Department of Hindi, arts faculty, University of Delhi. He has been awarded Vidyapati Sahitya award for his critics writing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He completed his M.A in Hindi Literature from Jawaharlal Nehru University, and subsequently completed his M.Phil there in 2011. He completed his Ph.D. at Delhi University.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hatirjheel Thana is a thana in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It was formed in 2018 with the Hatirjheel project and its surrounding areas. The areas under this thana were earlier under the thanas of Ramna, Tejgaon Industrial Area and Rampura . Hatirjheel Thana is a part of Dhaka North City Corporation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Legend has it that the elephants of Dhaka's Pilkhana, Dhanmondi used to take baths in these wetlands. Hati (Bengali: হাতি) in Bengali means elephant and Jheel (Bengali: ঝিল) means lake – hence the name Hatirjheel.", "title": "Naming and etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Previously, the area of Hatirjheel was overlapped by multiple thanas, namely Tejgaon I/A, Ramna, Gulshan, Badda and Rampura. During any incident, it would be confusing to identify the jurisdiction that particular area fell under. To solve this problem many people suggested establishing a thana in the area. Finally, the Hatirjheel Thana was formed as the 50th police station of Dhaka Metropolitan Police on 7 July 2018.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The area of the thana includes Moghbazar Wireless Colony, Boro Moghbazar, West Moghbazar, Hatirjheel Project Areas, SAARC Fountain of Ward No-39, Pan Pacific Hotel Sonargaon Road, parts of Banglamotors, parts of Eskaton, New Eskaton Road, parts of Malibagh Chowdhury Para, Nayatola, North Nayatala 1st Bag, North Nayatola 2nd Bag, East Nayatola, South Nayatola, Dilu Road, Central Pirerbag, Greenway, BGMEA Building, Mirertek, Mirbagh, Madhubagh, Link Road Level Crossing, Begunbari Canal, Rainbow Crossing, Tejkuni Para, Shaheenbagh, Arjatpara, West Rampura, Mohanogor Project Area, Hatirjheel-Badda Link Road, Abul Hossain Road, Wapda Road, Police Plaza, Peyarabagh, Hajipara and its adjoining areas.", "title": "Boundaries" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Auvergne is a community in Jackson County, Arkansas, United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The area was a hub of agriculture and timber industries and contains a graveyard. Pickens Black Jr owned a farm in the area and was the second African American pilot to be licensed to fly in the United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Taluka Hospital Sakrand, also known as Sakrand Hospital, is a public hospital located in Sakrand, Shaheed Benazirabad district, Sindh, Pakistan. It serves as the primary healthcare provider for the residents of Sakrand and surrounding areas, offering basic medical services and catering to a wide range of healthcare needs.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 Fordham Rams women's basketball team represents Fordham University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Rams, led by first-year head coach Bridgette Mitchell, play their home games at Rose Hill Gymnasium in The Bronx, New York as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Rams finished the 2022–23 season 19–13, 10–6 in A–10 play to finish in a tie for third place. As the #4 seed in the A–10 tournament, they were defeated by #5 seed Richmond in the quarterfinals. They received an at-large bid into the WNIT, where they would defeat Drexel in the first round, before falling to Columbia in the second round.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After being led by interim head coach Candice Green for the entirety of the 2022–23 season, the school announced on April 7, that Northeastern head coach Bridgette Mitchell would be the team's next head coach.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sources:", "title": "Schedule and results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1992 Isle of Man TT was the 86th edition of the event. Geoff Bell, Brian Reid and Phillip McCallen all won two races each. Bell and passenger Keith Cornbill took both Sidecar races, Reid was victorious at the Junior TT and Supersport 400 TT, while Phillip McCallen held off Steve Hislop at the Formula One TT and Supersport 600 TT. The Ultra-Lightweight TT was a Dunlop family one-two, with Joey Dunlop equalling Mike Hailwood's record of 14 TT wins, and younger brother Robert finishing less than nine seconds behind in second.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The closing race, the 1992 Senior TT, is often regarded as one of the best, if not the best race in TT history. Steve Hislop and Carl Fogarty, who had both failed to win a race so far that year, went head-to-head in an extremely close duel, swapping first position several times during the 6 laps race. Hislop had to start the race further down the field with #19, compared to Fogarty's #4, which meant he had to content with more traffic during the early laps. In the end, Hislop came first by only four seconds, beating Fogarty who set a new track record in the final lap. It was the last time Fogarty and Hislop raced against each other at the TT, as Fogarty never competed again on the Isle of Man TT course, while Hislop had his final start in 1994.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "One competitor died during the event: 1964 Olympic gold medallist luger Manfred Stengl, who crashed at the 33rd Milestone while holding last position during the Formula One TT.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stjepan Blažević (21 April 1942) is a retired Yugoslav and Bosnian professional footballer who played as a attacking midfielder. Blažević spent most of his career at Bosnian club Sarajevo, making 207 league appearances for the club. He was a member of the 1966–67 Yugoslav First League title winning squad.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Stjepan Blažević was born on 21 March 1942 in Sisak, modern-day Croatia, and started playing football for his hometown side Jedinstvo from Dvor na Uni. At 18, in the summer of 1960, he agreed to transfer to Sarajevo. Still, due to an unexpected illness, he had to take a break from football for a year, arriving at the Koševo City Stadium the following summer. In his first season with the club, he made 21 appearances in all official competitions, and in the following season, he had already become a first-team regular.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Although he had the difficult task of succeeding club legend Franjo Lovrić in the position of attacking midfielder and occasional forward, Blažević showed that he was worthy of that role in a match against Dinamo Zagreb in May 1963. The Zagreb outfit were league leaders with five games to go before Blažević knocked them out with two goals.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Blažević was irreplaceable in Sarajevo's midfield until 1969, including the 1966-67 title-winning season. In the summer of 1969, he transferred to Borac Banja Luka, only to return to Sarajevo in 1971, retiring from professional football a year later.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "His testimonial was a friendly match against Sporting CP in August 1972.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Sarajevo", "title": "Honours" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Les Mille et un jours, contes persans (English: The Thousand and One Days: Persian Tales) is a collection of stories with Middle Eastern settings published between the years 1710 and 1712 by the French orientalist François Pétis de la Croix, probably with unacknowledged help from Alain-René Lesage. Though the stories were for the most part adapted very freely from a 15th-century Turkish collection called Ferec baʿde şidde (\"Relief After Hardship\"), in its structure it is modelled on Antoine Galland's Les Mille et une nuits (The Thousand and One Nights), whose immense success it was intended to share. It has had a wide influence on European culture, not least through its retelling of the story of Turandot [it], which indirectly inspired Puccini's opera and many other works.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Les Mille et un jours, like Les Mille et un nuits, is a frame story containing a number of tales and tales-within-tales. The framework tale, \"L'histoire de la princesse de Cachemire\" (The Story of the Princess of Kashmir), tells of the princess Farrukhnaz, who has a dream in which she sees a stag abandon its doe in a trap. She draws from this the moral that men are all ungrateful and faithless, and refuses to marry. Her nurse, Sutlumemé, endeavours to change her mind by telling her stories of a contrary tendency every morning at bath time over a period of 1001 days. In the original form of Les Mille et un jours these stories are:", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The French orientalist François Pétis de La Croix spent many years in Syria, Persia and Turkey learning the respective languages of those countries, before in 1695 taking up the post of official Arabic interpreter to the French court at Versailles. When he composed his Mille et un jours, contes persans he took the decision to present them as an incomplete translation (omitting stories about the miracles of the Prophet Mohammed and indecent tales) of a Persian manuscript given to him during his years in the East by the prominent Isfahan dervish Moclès; this manuscript was, according to Pétis, itself a translation made in Moclès' youth of various Indian \"comédies\", and was entitled in Persian Hizar va yak rūz (A thousand and one days). In fact, this whole account was a tissue of lies, not the least of which was the title of Moclès' supposed translation, which Pétis invented and adopted for his own work in an attempt to cash in on the huge success of Antoine Galland's French version of Les Mille et une nuits (1704–1717). It is believed that Pétis was commissioned to write Les Mille et un jours by Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, Duchess of Burgundy, granddaughter-in-law of the King of France, and one of the devoted readers of Les Mille et une nuits. It is widely agreed (though not by Paul Sebag, Les Mille et un jours' most recent editor) that the writer Alain-René Lesage polished up the prose of Pétis' work before publication, though he was not credited for this in the book itself.", "title": "Composition" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The collection was published between 1710 and 1712 in five volumes. Two of the stories translated by Pétis and submitted to his publisher, Barbin, to be included in the first volume of his Les Mille et un jours were instead used by that publisher, without Pétis' permission, to complete volume 8 of Galland's Les Mille et une nuits. Pétis was so outraged by this behaviour that he had the remaining four volumes published by another house, Florentin Delaulne.", "title": "Publication" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In his Preface, Pétis himself acknowledged that their titles were not the only similarity between his own book and Galland's:", "title": "Sources" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In Les Mille et une nuits it is a prince that is prejudiced against women, and in Les Mille et un jours it is a princess that is prejudiced against men. It is believed that one of these works gave rise to the other, but as the Arab tales cannot be dated we cannot say whether they were made before or after the Persian tales.", "title": "Sources" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "If the framework harks back to Les Mille et une nuits, the constituent tales draw to some extent on various Persian sources, but to a much greater one on a 15th-century Turkish collection called Ferec baʿde şidde (\"Relief After Hardship\"), which was available to him in a copy brought to the West by Galland in 1679. These Turkish tales he did not so much translate as adapt with the greatest possible freedom, producing a work which, it has been said, \"stands halfway between literary creation, translation, adaptation and deception\". Such a cavalier approach to source-material was not unprecedented: Pétis had learned it from Galland's treatment of the Arabic tales which figure in Les Mille et une nuits, and in both works it creates for the reader the impression that he is being immersed in authentic Asiatic folklore.", "title": "Sources" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The publication of Les Mille et une nuits and Les Mille et un jours had the effect of making collections of fairy tales of an Eastern type, a genre that Voltaire was to call \"les Mille et un\", fashionable for the rest of the Ancien Régime period. Books showing their influence include Jean-Paul Bignon's Les Aventures d'Abdalla, fils d'Hanif (1712–1714); Thomas-Simon Gueullette's Les Mille et un quarts d'heure (1712), Les Mille et une heures (1733) and Les Mille et une soirées (1749); François-Augustin de Paradis de Moncrif's Les Mille et une faveurs (1716); Antoine Hamilton's Fleur d'Épine (1730) and Les Quatre Facardins (1730); Louis-Charles Fougeret de Monbron's Le Canapé couleur de feu [fr] (1741); Jacques Cazotte's Les Mille et une fadaises (1742); Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon's Le Sopha, conte moral (1742) and Les Amours de Zeokinizul roi des Kofirans (1746); Jacques Rochette de La Morlière's Angola (1746); Denis Diderot's Les Bijoux indiscrets (1748); Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret's Les Mille et une folies (1771); and the anonymous Mille et un mea culpa (1789). Other 18th-century French works show a more direct influence. Alain-René Lesage, who may well have been employed to improve the style of Les Mille et un jours, made use of several of its stories in his own comic plays and in his picaresque novel Gil Blas, as did Charles Collé in his libretto to Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny's opera L'île sonnante (1767–68). In the late 19th century Les Mille et un jours reportedly remained more popular than any other work of its kind, Les Mille et une nuits alone excepted.", "title": "Influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Elsewhere in Europe, themes and names from Les Mille et un jours appear in the stories of Christoph Martin Wieland, and in Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale of \"The Flying Trunk\". But much more impact on European culture was made by two plays of the Venetian, Carlo Gozzi, deriving from Les Mille et un jours. His Il re cervo (The King Stag) is partly based on its L'Histoire du Prince Fadlallah, and in its turn inspired incidental music by Francis Chagrin as well as Hans Werner Henze's opera König Hirsch (1952–1955), revised in 1962 as Il re cervo. Another of Gozzi's plays, Turandot, was adapted into German blank verse by Friedrich Schiller in 1802 as Turandot, Prinzessin von China, and this adaptation was itself translated back into Italian by Andrea Maffei. Gozzi's or Schiller's versions have been the inspiration for many operas; the two best known are Ferrucio Busoni's Turandot (1917), a work which grew out of his incidental music for a production of the Gozzi play in a translation by Karl Vollmöller, and Puccini's Turandot (1926), the libretto of which, by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni, is based on the Maffei version. Other operas on the subject were written by, among others, Franz Danzi, Carl Gottlieb Reissiger, Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, Herman Severin Løvenskiold, Adolf Jensen, Antonio Bazzini, Theobald Rehbaum, Havergal Brian, and Detlev Glanert; not to mention a ballet, Prinzessin Turandot (1942), by Gottfried von Einem. There is incidental music by Carl Maria von Weber for an 1809 production of Schiller's play, and further sets of incidental music by Vinzenz Lachner, Wilhelm Stenhammar, Ernst Toch, Bernhard Paumgartner, and Roger Sessions. Giuseppe Giacosa, Percy MacKaye, and Bertolt Brecht each wrote a Turandot play, while Wolfgang Hildesheimer wrote three. There are at least three films drawing directly or indirectly on Gozzi's Turandot: the German Prinzessin Turandot (1934), the latter's French-language version Turandot, princesse de Chine (1934), and the Chinese The Curse of Turandot (2021).", "title": "Influence" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Many individual tales from Les Mille et un jours have been translated in conjunction with other works. The following translations confine themselves entirely to François Pétis de la Croix's Oriental tales:", "title": "English translations" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Category:1710 books Category:1711 books Category:1712 books Category:18th-century French literature Category:Middle East in fiction Category:Middle Eastern folklore Category:Orientalism", "title": "External links" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eligma laetipicta is a species of tuft moth described by Charles Oberthür in 1893.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Cœur\" (French pronunciation: [kœʁ], lit. 'Heart') is a song by French singer Zoé Clauzure, released as a single on 27 September 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was France's winning entry in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2023. Zoé Clauzure, aged 13 at the time, won the competition with a total of 228 points, 27 points ahead of second-placed Spain, earning France its second consecutive and third overall victory at the contest.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The song is about school bullying. Zoé had previously dealt with the topic in her song \"Ma place\" (lit. \"My Place\"), but this new track was more on the \"sunny side\", delivering a strong positive, supportive message.", "title": "Composition" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It was written by Noée Francheteau (music) and Julien Comblat and Jérémy Chapron (lyrics).", "title": "Composition" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 27 September 2023, France Télévisions announced having selected Zoé with her song \"Cœur\" to represent France at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest held in Nice on 26 November. On the same day, the song was released as a single. On October 18, the accompanying music video was unveiled.", "title": "Junior Eurovision Song Contest" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 26 November, Zoé Clauzure won the contest, scoring 228 points, ahead of Spain with 201 and Armenia with 180 points. This was France's second consecutive and third overall victory in the contest.", "title": "Junior Eurovision Song Contest" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The High Commission of the Republic of India in Islamabad is the diplomatic mission of India to Pakistan. From 1976-1989, 1999-2004, and 2007-2008, the mission was known as the Embassy of India, Islamabad due to Pakistan's withdrawal or suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations during those time periods. Indo-Pakistani diplomatic relations were suspended on two separate occasions, in 1971 due to the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, and from 2001-2003 due to the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoffIn 2019, in response to India's revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan downgraded diplomatic ties with India. Since then, the diplomatic mission is being headed by a Chargé d'affaires. The incumbent Charge d'affaires is Geetika Srivastava, who is also the first woman to head the Indian diplomatic mission to Pakistan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Indian High Commission is located in the G-5 Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sri Prakasa, an Indian freedom fighter and politician was appointed as the first Indian high commissioner to Pakistan upon the request of Jawaharlal Nehru. Prakasa had to deal with the influx of refugees amidst the Partition of India as well as the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948.The original High Commission was located in Karachi, which was Pakistan's Federal Capital from 1947-1959.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Indian High Commission moved to Islamabad in 1966 upon the relocation of Pakistan's capital city to Islamabad.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Amidst the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, diplomatic relations between India and Pakistan were suspended as India recalled its High Commissioner from Pakistan. Diplomatic relations would be restored in 1976 and the Indian High Commissioner would return to Pakistan.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2001, in the aftermath of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack, India recalled its diplomatic mission from Islamabad. Diplomatic relations would be restored in 2003.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2019 , in response to India's revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, a meeting of the Pakistani National Security Committee decided to downgrade Pakistan's diplomatic relations with India. The High Commissioner to India was recalled and the Indian High Commissioner to Pakistan was expelled. Since then, India's High Commission in Islamabad is being headed by a Chargé d'affaires.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Romberg Tiburon Campus is a satellite campus of San Francisco State University and a 53.7-acre research campus located in Tiburon, California. It's home to the only marine and environmental science labs on San Francisco Bay.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The campus is named for Paul F. Romberg, who was SF State's president during the acquisition of the land.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "SFSU's Estuary & Ocean Science Center operates at the campus. The Tiburon branch of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center's Marine Invasions Lab and the offices for the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve are also located there.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1877, Lynde & Hough Co., a cod fishing firm, established a drying, curing, and packing plant at the site. Then, in 1904, the site was purchased by the U.S. Navy for $80,000 to build a coaling station.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1933, the site was leased by the Navy to John A. Roebling's Sons Co. for manufacturing cables for the Golden Gate Bridge.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1977, Paul F. Romberg, then-president of SFSU, proposed the creation of a field station and marine lab at the site. In 1978, the university began acquiring the land from the federal government for $1, under the condition that the site be used for education. The campus was originally named the Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Sciences.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2017, the Estuary & Ocean Science Center was created. The campus was renamed the Romberg Tiburon Campus.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "A master plan is being currently being drafted for the campus. It has never had a master plan formally prepared and adopted by the campus or the CSU Board of Trustees. An approved master plan and certified environmental impact statement are required before the university can begin significant construction projects at the campus.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The campus is currently at risk of closing due to financial struggles.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The campus's addresses are 3150 and 3152 Paradise Drive in Tiburon, California. The campus is 20 miles north of SFSU's main campus.", "title": "Campus" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "There are eight occupied buildings at the campus.", "title": "Campus" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The men's 90 kg competition of the judo events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 20 at the Contact Sports Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto) in Santiago, Chile. A total of 7 athletes from 5 NOC's competed.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "SS Joseph K. Toole was a liberty ship built for service during the World War II. It was named after the former governor of Montana Joseph K. Toole.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The ship was built by the Permanente Metals Corporation, Richmond, California, and was launched August 8 1943. She was operated by Agwilines Inc at the Pacific theater.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The ship was sold to the Finnish shipping company Ab Benima Oy in 1947 and she was renamed S/S Tranvik. Another Finnish shipping company Rederibolaget Tranvik bought the ship in 1949. In 1954 the ship was sold to an Italian shipping company Soc. per Azioni Emanuele V. Parodi and she was renamed Marina Gabriella Parodi, later Marina G. Parodi. The ship was scrapped in La Spezia, Italy in 1965.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The men's 90+ kg competition of the judo events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 20 at the Contact Sports Center (Centro de Entrenamiento de los Deportes de Contacto) in Santiago, Chile. A total of 6 athletes from 5 NOC's competed.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fermín Arango Barcia (April 9, 1874 – October 5, 1962) was an Spanish-Argentine painter. He produced over sixty works in his career, which were predominantly landscapes. His work has been described as part of Impressionism and Symbolism, and was influenced by French painting.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in the Asturian town of Santa Eulalia de Oscos, Arango emigrated to Buenos Aires with his family when he was very young. There he completed his artistic training at the Association for the Promotion of Fine Arts of Buenos Aires. He had his first exhibition there in 1904 at the Witcomb Gallery, where he displayed paintings including El embarcadero del lago, La trancera y puerto Hauret, Nocturno, Idilio, Femme, La toillete, and Paisaje del Sena. During this time, he worked as an illustrator for La Nación and Caras y Caretas (Argentina).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1905, he moved to Paris, France, where he was in frequent contact with Pablo Picasso, Ignacio Zuloaga, Juan Gris, Guillaume Apolinaire, and Hermenegildo Camarasa. Between 1910 and 1913, he exhibited paintings several times at the \"Autumn Salon\" of the Grand Palais. In 1914, his work was exhibited in the salon of La Libre Esthétique in Brussels, in honor of Darío de Regoyos, who had died the previous year. In 1919, he participated in the Exposition of Spanish Painting at the Beaux-Arts de Paris, along with works from several of the aforementioned artists.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He returned to Spain periodically, including in 1914, 1919, and 1952. During this time, we was in high demand as an engraver for the creation of reproductions of oil paintings; which he did most notably for his friend, Ignacio Zuloaga as well as for the governments of Spain, the city of San Sebastian, and L'Estampe Moderne publishing house. Zuloaga rendered him in a notable portrait in 1934, which is currently on display at the Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Later in life, he retreated from most of his artistic activities and retired to his house in Ham, near Paris. He died there on October 5, 1962.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Media related to Fermín Arango at Wikimedia Commons", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anand Swarup Shukla is an Indian politician and a member of 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India. He represents the Ballia Nagar constituency in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh and was Minister of state for Parliamentary Affairs, Rural development, Overall Village Development in Uttar Pradesh Government. He lost U.P. state election 2022. He is currently a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Shukla was born 6 October 1979 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh to his father Harihar Nath Shuklaji. He has completed M.Sc. in Mathematics, M.A. in Political science and B.Ed. He completed his schooling from Nagaji Saraswati Vidya Mandir Senior Secondary School, Maldepur Ballia.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Shukla has been MLA for one term. Since 2017, he represents Ballia Nagar constituency as a member of Bhartiya Janata Party. In 2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, he defeated Samajwadi Party candidate Laxman by a margin of 40,011 votes. He has been appointed Minister of state in a Yogi Adityanath cabinet on 21 August 2019.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In March 2021, Shukla called for the banning of the Burka in India.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bakhtiyar Sirajov (Azerbaijani: Bəxtiyar Tahir oğlu Siracov/Бəxтияр Тaһир oғлу Сирaҹoв, Azerbaijani pronunciation: [bæxtiˈjɑɾ ˈtɑːhiɾ oɣˈlu siɾɑˈdʒov]; born 21 October 1957) is a nuclear scientist whose team was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He is holding PhD degree in Physics and Mathematics. Since 1995 Sirajov works for International Atomic Energy Agency.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bakhtiyar Sirajov was born in 1957 in Baku. After graduating school in Baku in 1974, he got accepted the Applied Mathematics faculty of Azerbaijan State University (now Baku State University).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After graduating from university in 1979, Sirajov started working at Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Between 1980 and 1981, he engaged in scientific researches in Russian Academy of Sciences. From 1987 to 1988, he worked in Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, Slovakia. In 1990, he defended his thesis and became a PhD. After participating in developing various software projects in a private IT company from 1992 to 1995, Sirajov started working at International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2005, Mohamed ElBaradei and the IAEA, which Bakhtiyar Sirajov was part of the team, were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize \"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way\".", "title": "Awards" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Margret Hölle born Margret Sträußl (2 April 1927 – 16 October 2023) was a German poet, playwright and writer who supported the Upper Palatinate dialect. She was awarded the Bayerischer Poetentaler and the Bavarian Order of Merit.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hölle was born in 1927 in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After the second world war she left her home town to join a traveling theater. She had taken lessons in acting and she later joined the German Drama School in Munich. She gave up drama before she married Erich Hölle. He illustrated books and together they had two children. In the 1950s she began publishing poetry and frequently in the Upper Palatinate dialect. Her work was creditted with making the dialect more well known. She felt that the dialect had been corrupted and she researched its history to recover old words. Despite the archaic words she managed to made her poems sound contemporary. She wrote a tribute poem to the poet Johann Andreas Schmeller who had also tried to revitalise the same dialect. She would read her poems on Bavarian radio programmes and assist the listeners with understanding the dialect. She knew that her poetry was very difficult to understand to those from outside Bavaria.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1990 she won Neumarkt culture prize. In 2003 she was one of four honoured with the Bavarian literary prize Bayerischer Poetentaler. The others were Silke Aichhorn, Helmut Seitz and Jutta Speidel. The Bayerischer Poetentaler is given by the Münchner Turmschreiber writers guild. On October 10, 2012, she was awarded the Bavarian Order of Merit.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hölle died in Munich in 2023 at the age of 96.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Her first published poetry collection was in 1976. Her second small collection, \"Iwa Jauha und Dooch\" was published in 1981. Both of these were in her preferred dialect. In 1988 her self published poetry book in the common German language \"On the Way\" appeared. In 1996 her book of dialect poetry, \"Wurzelherz\", appeared.", "title": "Publications" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vanessa Gandler (born December 5, 2000) is a Filipino volleyball player who plays for the Cignal HD Spikers of the Premier Volleyball League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gandler play for the Blue Eagles of the Ateneo de Manila University in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She ended her stint with Ateneo last playing for them in Season 85, after deciding to sign with the Cignal HD Spikers in 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After the conclusion of UAAP Season 85 in 2023, Gandler made herself available to get signed by a PVL club. By this time the PVL has already professionalized. She was signed by the Cignal HD Spikers .", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dan Mizrahi (also spelled Dan Mizrahy; February 28, 1926 – February 25, 2010) was a Romanian-Jewish pianist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mizrahi was born in Bucharest to Moscu Mizrahi, a descendant of an old Sephardic Jewish family, and his wife Henrietta Schoenfield, an Ashkenazi Jew. His paternal grandparents Avram Mizrahi and Lucia Sara, were watchmakers born in Varna who settled in Bucharest. Moscu was a veteran of the Romanian army in World War I. Mirazhi studied piano from the age of 4. When he was 9, he entered the Academy of Music in Bucharest as a student of Aurelia Cionca [ro]. Among his teachers were Mihail Andricu and Faust Nicolescu [ro].", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1941, he was expelled from Romania as a result of antisemitic legislation in WWII. In March 1941, he left at the age of 15 with only a backpack and immigrated to Palestine, where he was assigned to work in gardening. At a celebration at the agricultural school he attended, he began playing accordion and was later admitted to the Academy of Music in Jerusalem, where he studied piano, pedagogy, and music theory. He graduated in 1944 and took the exams for the British baccalaureate in 1945.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In Autumn of 1945, following the end of WWII, Mizrahi returned to Romania, where he finished his studies at the Academy of Bucharest, graduating in 1948. He worked on private compositions with Mihail Jora. In 1946, he began a solo career, and became a piano teacher in 1949 at Dinu Lipatti High School. During the Communist Regime, from 1951 to 1953, he was arrested in order to be reeducated. He was held in custody for 3 years, and spent over 400 days in cells located underground. He was released and eventually continued his musical career on January 30, 1954 while playing under composer Sergiu Comissiona. At the end of 1954, he began singing with works by George Gershwin.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Mizrahi was an honorary member of the Union of Performers, Choreographers, and Music Critics. In 1997, he was the holder of the Mihail Jora Music Critics Award. He was also a member of the Union of Composers and Musicologists. Starting in the 60s, he began composing vocal music, for which he was awarded the title of laureate 9 different times at the Golden Chrysanthemum National Romance Festival [ro]. Additionally, he is a recipient of the Order of Cultural Merit [ro].", "title": "Career and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1968, the Romanian National Opera organized a Gershwin ballet evening, during which Mizrahi performed the solo from Three Preludes and Rhapsody in Blue. In 1997 and 1998, he underwent a concert lecture tour of colleges in the United States. In his long career, Mizrahi played his famous rendition of Rhapsody in Blue in the orchestra format nearly 200 times, and the Concert in F over 100 times. In 2005, he released his autobiographical book, \"Așa a fost\"", "title": "Career and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Mizrahi died on February 25th, 2010. He was interred the following day that the Bucharest Sephardic Jewish Cemetery.", "title": "Career and death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Waterschap Limburg is a Dutch regional water authority covering the province of Limburg.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The authority is responsible for vigilance against flooding and personnel deployment in the event of these situations. For instance, during historically high water discharge levels on the Niers due to persistent rainfall, the authority has helped farmers combat high water levels.", "title": "Activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The authority has also signed an agreement with the Wasserverband Eifel-Rur of Germany to begin renaturation on the Wurm.", "title": "Activities" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rutersju is a Swedish trick-taking card game for several players in which the dealer has to make exactly the number of tricks that he or she bid. Its name means \"diamond seven\" and is derived from its commanding card.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following rules are based on Schenkmanis (1988), Wahlström (1993) and Norlin (1996).", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A pack of 36 French-suited Modern Swedish or English pattern cards are used. The Rutersju (♦ 7) is the highest card in the pack.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The players are dealt three cards each and then bid, in turn, for the number of tricks they think they can take e.g. if four play, there are 9 tricks in toto. The player who made the highest bid becomes the declarer and plays alone against the others aiming to take the tricks bid. If several players announce the same highest bid, the player who bid last becomes the declarer.}", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Play is presumably clockwise with forehand leading any card to the first trick and players following suit if able. The Rutersju (♦ 7) is the master card and always wins the trick it is played to.", "title": "Rules" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The declarer receives 1 point for each trick taken, provided that the number of tricks is the same as what was bid. Otherwise, it is the opposing players who are awarded points.", "title": "Rules" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Bombardment of Tripoli is a military operation of the Kingdom of France which took place between July 20 and July 27, 1728 against the current city of Tripoli, in Libya.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After appearing before Tunis which immediately submitted, a French fleet commanded by the squad leader Étienne Nicolas de Grandpré presents himself in front of Tripoli of Barbary Coast. Faced with the Pasha's refusal to submit in turn, the French fleet bombarded the city for six nights, causing great destruction. However, this French victory was not exploited due to the lack of troops landing on land.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1685, an expedition had already taken place against Tunis and Tripoli; its object was then to force these two cities to respect the commitments concluded with the King by making them feel the superiority of the French forces.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After the peace treaties they had concluded with Austria, the Barbary Pirate of Tripoli and Tunis left the Italian commercial vessels in relative tranquility and turned towards French ships, in contravention of the terms of the treaty of 1720. In 1725 and 1727, French squadrons made two naval demonstrations, but the Tripolitan pasha was known for not keeping his word. It was the same with Tunis.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Reynaud, a French naval officer, who had been captive in Tunis and had been assigned to the service of the Bey of Tunis, managed to escape and return to France . Learning that the government was preparing to act, he sent from Toulon on September 23, 1727, a plan to bombard the Tunisian ports: Bizerte, Porto Farina, Sousse and Sfax .", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Jean Frédéric Phélypeaux de Maurepas, Secretary of State of the Navy orders the arming of a new squadron of which he entrusts command to the squad commander, Étienne Nicolas de Grandpré.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "During negotiations with Ahmed Karamanli, the bey in office, via the French consul, no agreement was found. Mr. de Grandpré offered to send one of his officers ashore in exchange for holding the bey's son hostage, but this offer was rejected. The bey responded arrogantly, saying that they were not afraid of bombs and had no money to give, and were ready for war.", "title": "The Bombardment" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Despite this, Mr. de Grandpré was reluctant to use force, but military movements intensified on land, on the ramparts and in the forts, and the city prepared for combat. With the encouragement of his officers and favorable conditions, Mr. de Grandpré finally decided to bombard the city. For a week, bombs fired into the city every night, causing significant damage.", "title": "The Bombardment" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "However, bomb reserves were running low, ships had no troops to disembark, and wind became problematic off a rocky coast. The squadron therefore had to return to France with the haughty response of the corsairs, leaving Tripoli almost destroyed but its inhabitants undefeated.", "title": "The Bombardment" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sophie Weidauer (born 10 February 2002) is a German footballer who plays for SV Werder Bremen.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Weidauer was born 10 February 2002 in Stollberg, Germany. At age 12, she moved to Potsdam and attended a sports boarding school so she could play with the youth club at 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Weidauer started her career playing for Turbine Potsdam II for the 2018–19 season, while she was also playing for Germany's women's national under-17 football team. The following season, she was called up to play for Turbine Potsdam, where she remained until the end of the 2023 season. During her time with Turbine Potsdam, Weidauer played in 81 games and scored 12 goals. In 2021, the team won the KAIF Trophy. She also made five appearances in the DFB-Pokal Frauen cup, scoring five goals. The team was runner-up for the 2021–22 season.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "For the 2023–24 season, Weidauer transferred to Werder Bremen.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Weidauer has represented Germany at youth level, including on Germany's women's national under-17 (2018–19), under-19 (2020), and under-20 football teams (2022). During this time, she played in the 2018 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship, where the team came in second behind Spain, as well as in the 2019 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship, where Germany came in first.", "title": "International career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rebecca L. Ehretsman (formerly von der Heyde and Neiduski; born September 6, 1972) is an American occupational therapist and academic administrator serving as the eighteenth president of Wartburg College since 2022. She is a hand therapist specialized in flexor tendon rehabilitation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ehretsman was born September 6, 1972, in Chicago in a Lutheran family. Both of her parents were educators. She completed a B.A. in movement and sport science with minors in psychology and English at Purdue University in 1994. In 1997, she earned a M.S. in occupational therapy from Washington University in St. Louis. Christine Novak was her master's project chair. Ehretsman's master's thesis titled, Subjective Recovery of Nerve Graft Donor Site, was published in the Annals of Plastic Surgery in 1999.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ehretsman is a certified hand therapist specializing in flexor tendon rehabilitation. From 1998 to 1999, she was an occupational therapist at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. She was a hand therapist at the Milliken Hand Rehabilitation Center from 1999 to 2013 and Shriners Hospitals for Children from 2007 to 2013. From 2002 to 2013, Ehretsman was an associate professor of occupational therapy with tenure at Maryville University. She graduated with a Ph.D. in education from Saint Louis University in 2009. Her dissertation was titled, Goal Orientation and Problem-based Learning: A Qualitative Analysis in Occupational Therapy Education. Michael P. Grady was her doctoral advisor. From 2013 to 2017, she was the chair and program director of the department of occupational therapy at Concordia University Wisconsin. From June 2017 to June 2022, she was a professor of health sciences and dean of the school of health sciences at Elon University. On July 1, 2022, Ehretsman became the eighteenth president of Wartburg College, succeeding Darrel D. Colson. She is its first female president.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anupras Lauciūnas (born 10 January 1926) is a former Lithuanian theater and cinema actor, and director of the first Lithuanian television broadcast along with Vitalis Gruodis.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Anupras Lauciūnas was born on 10 January 1926 in the town of Panemunis of the Rokiškis district in Lithuania. In 1944 Lauciūnas graduated from the Vilnius School of Fine Arts. In 1949 he graduated from the Lithuanian National Drama Theatre studio headed by Kazimiera Kymantaitė and began working as an actor in an official capacity for a total of ten years. Here he met fellow actors Vitalis Gruodis and Galina Dauguvietytė [lt]. Lauciūnas also studied at the Borisas Dauguvietis [lt] drama studio based in Vilnius.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Although Lauciūnas often played roles in children's plays, he also played parts in plays directed by Kazimiera Kymantaitė, Aleksandras Kernagis [lt], Juozas Judzinskas [lt], and Vitalis Gruodis. Lauciūnas underlined plays such as Konstantin Simonov's \"Po Prahos kaštonais\", Boris Gorbatov's \"Tėvų jaunystė\" and especially Antanas Vienuolis' \"Paskenduolė\", the latter being described by Lauciūnas, who acted as a priest, as the first time Lithuanians were exposed to a mass of operators, assistants, lights and filming machinery in Moscow. The performance in Moscow inspired Vitalis Gruodis to pursue a similar style of production at home, and he suggested they go to Riga for additional studies.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Vitalis Gruodis was made responsible for assembling a team that would prepare broadcasts. From 20 February 1957, Lauciūnas began working as Gruodis' assistant. In the summer of the same year, along with cameraman Jurgis Čepulis, Lauciūnas broadcast the first television broadcast in Lithuania from Šiauliai along with Vitalis Gruodis. Lauciūnas described working in the newly founded television studio as working \"in a team of fire-fighters\", due to the amount of pressure he received from being assigned difficult tasks. He further worked in various television editorials as senior director. In 1963 he acted in the film Beržai svyruokliai.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Lauciūnas acted in the 1993 TV show Giminės. Lauciūnas worked as the manager of the television directors' department from 1994. Lauciūnas also directed the TV show Nakviša. In 1996 Lauciūnas received the Auksinė bitė (Golden bee) award. He retired from television on 9 August 1999. In 2013 he acted in Laiškai Sofijai, a movie dedicated to Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis. In 2018 Lauciūnas received the Auksine bitė award for the second time.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alvania faberi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The length of the shell attains 1.4 mm.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This species occurs off Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles.", "title": "Distribution" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robert Sempill may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lynda Watson (born 1940 Orange, California) is an American metal smith and jeweler. She attended California State University, Long Beach. Her work has been described as Visual Diaries.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Watson taught at Cabrillo College from 1970 through 1995. In 1995 a retrospective of her work Beautiful Objects: The Work of Lynda Watson-Abbott was shown at the Santa Cruz County Museum of Art.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Watson was named the Metal Museum's 2022 Master Metalsmith, and a retrospective of her work Looking Back was held the same year. Her work is in the collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jesse Johnson (born August 23, 1957) is an American former professional football player. Johnson played football at the University of Colorado. He was drafted by the New York Jets in 1980. Jesse played 4 seasons for the Jets, splitting his time between Cornerback and Safety.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After playing football, Johnson spent nearly 30 years working for Altria.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As of 2023 he splits his time between Midlothian, VA and Naples, FL.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The University Medical Complex (UMC) in Karachi, Pakistan, is a visionary project led by Imamia Medics International (IMI), Baqar Health and Education Welfare Trust, and the Zaidi Abid Foundation. Located in Gulistan-e-Johar on University Road, the 500-bedded hospital and medical complex are being developed on a 5000 square yard plot generously donated by the Zaidi Abid Foundation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The UMC project is a collaborative effort, gaining approval from the Construction Authority of Sindh. Construction is set to begin, with 70% of generated income to be reinvested into facilities. A second feasibility study is underway, involving consultation firms within Pakistan. International faculty from Canada, Pakistan, the US, and the UK are actively engaged in the project.", "title": "Project Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The UMC aims to become a Center of Excellence in Specialized Healthcare in Pakistan, offering affordable healthcare to all communities.", "title": "Vision and Mission" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "UMC's mission is to provide high-quality, affordable, equitable specialized healthcare through an integrated clinical ecosystem of professional excellence, clinical education, innovation, and research.", "title": "Vision and Mission" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "IMI collaborates with the Zaidi Abidi Foundation and the Baqar Health & Education Welfare Trust to enhance affordable access to quality healthcare in Pakistan.", "title": "Collaborative Partnerships" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Carcasan was a Berber leader of the Ifuraces, one of the Marmarid tribes that resided in Tripolitania and was active during the Berber insurrections in the Praetorium Prefecture of Africa in the mid-6th century. He first appears in the reports of General John Troglita's campaign in the winter of 546/547, when he was defeated with Antalas and other Berber leaders by Byzantine troops. In the spring of 547, after the death of the Laguatan chief Ierna, he united the scattered Berber tribes and was acclaimed leader by them. After consulting the oracle of Amon, he resumed the war against the Byzantines and inflicted a heavy defeat on them during the Battle of Marta", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the spring of 548, he and Antalas clashed again with John and his ally Cusina. The Berber troops in revolt marched against John Troglita and camped in the plain of Mammès. Carcasan, confident after his victory last year, wishes to confront John's army immediately, but he gives way to Antalas, who advocates a more cautious tactic, withdrawing and luring the Byzantines inland, forcing them to march away from their supply bases, and across the devastated country, with the aim of exhausting and demoralizing them. The Berber rebels put Antalas' tactics into practice, but when they camped in the plain of Caton's fields, in Latara, they decided to fight in pitched battle. In the ensuing confrontation, the Byzantines and their Berber allies were victorious and Carcasan, during a counterattack, was killed by Jean Troglita himself according to Corippe.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Teep (Bengali: টিপ) or \"Tip\", is a coloured dot or, in modern times, a sticker worn on the center of the forehead by women in West Bengal, Tripura, and Bangladesh, irrespective of their religion. A similar cosmetics to teep are called bindi and pottu.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "By the 18th century, the use of teeps had become very common, especially among women in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Burma, the Philippines, and Indonesia.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It is popular in celebrations such as Durga Puja, Eid Al Fitr, Poila Boishakh, and Eid Al Adha.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Margaret A. Tolbert is an American atmospheric chemist, specializing in polar stratospheric clouds.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Margaret Tolbert grew up in Boulder, Colorado. She is the daughter of Bert Mills Tolbert, a chemistry professor at University of Colorado Boulder, and sister of Elizabeth Tolbert, Caroline Tolbert, and Sarah Tolbert.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tolbert received a bachelor degree from Grinnell College in 1979 and a master degree in chemistry from University of California in 1985. She received a PhD in chemistry from University of Colorado Boulder in 1986, under the direction of Jesse L. Beauchamp. She completed post-doctoral research at Stanford Research Institute under the direction of David M. Golden.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Tolbert conducted research at Stanford Research Institute before joining the faculty of University of Colorado Boulder in 1991, teaching environmental chemistry courses to nonscience majors from 1992 to 2006. She was awarded Distinguished Professor in 2010. She is a Fellow and Associate Director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, a joint venture between University of Colorado Boulder and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Her research focuses on study of atmospheric chemistry, in particular polar stratospheric clouds and planetary atmospheres. She co-authored the book \"Stratospheric Ozone Depletion\" with Ann M. Middlebrook. She was featured in the book \"I Want to be an Environmentalist\".", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Roman Forum is the ancient center of Rome, Italy.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Roman Forum may also refer to similar structures in these other cities:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bernard \"Berek\" Ludwik Bem (29 September 1936 – 23 December 2023) was a Polish footballer who played as a striker.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bem was born in Dąbrówka Mała on 29 September 1936. Between 1958 and 1971 he made 308 appearances in total and scored 28 goals, of which 262 were in the top flight in which he scored 26 goals, and won 2 Polish Championships in 1960 and 1968; all with Ruch Chorzów. He died on 23 December 2023, at the age of 87.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Duncan Westlake Pailthorpe MC (8 December 1890 – 21 December 1971) was an English first-class cricketer, medical doctor, and an officer in the British Army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The son of J. E. Pailthorpe, he was born at Southampton in December 1890. He was educated at Epsom College, before matriculating to the Charing Cross Hospital Medical School. From there, he gained a commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps as a temporary lieutenant at the start of the First World War, with a temporary appointment to captain following in August 1915. Pailthorpe was awarded the Military Cross (MC) in September 1916, for gallantry and conspicuous bravery when attending to the wounded, with little regard for his own personal safety. In February 1918, he had been promoted to the full rank of captain. He was awarded a bar to his MC in September 1918, for collecting the wounded during a raid while under heavy fire. Working until daylight to achieve that end, he then went back out to confirm that a missing soldier was deceased and carried his body back to British lines. One month prior to the end of the war, he was made a temporary major, a rank which he relinquished in after the war, in February 1919.", "title": "Life and military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In March 1921, Pailthorpe was seconded for service with the Egyptian Army until March 1923. He was promoted to major in August 1926. He later served in British India, where he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Muslims at Lahore in the 1928–29 Lahore Tournament. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed without scoring by Jahangir Khan in the Europeans first innings, while in their second innings he was dismissed for 17 runs by the same bowler. He retired from active military service in April 1934.", "title": "Life and military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In addition to playing cricket, Pailthorpe also played rugby union and was a member of the Middlesex Rugby XV. He was married to Barbara Martin at St James' Church in Southampton in April 1930. Pailthorpe died in December 1971 at Alton, Hampshire.", "title": "Life and military career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Murina fanjingshanensis is a species of vesper bat found in China.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Murina fanjingshanensis was described as a new species in 2016. The holotype had been collected in 2014 in an abandoned gold mine in the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve of China. The species name fanjingshanensis is derived from the name of the nature reserve.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Murina fanjingshanensis is considered large for a species in the genus Murina. It has a forearm length of about 40.6–41.4 mm (1.60–1.63 in).", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Keegan Knott (born 11 July 2005) is an American Paralympic swimmer who competes in international swimming competitions. She is a Parapan American Games champion and has competed at the 2020 Summer Paralympics where she was the youngest member of the team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Barbara Martin Coppola, is a business executive of French, Spanish and American nationality. She is currently the Chief Executive Officer of the Decathlon Group.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Barbara Martin Coppola graduated from Polytechnic University of Madrid and Télécom Paris in 1999. She also holds an MBA from INSEAD.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She has worked in more than nine countries. Accordingly, Barbara Martin Coppola now has more than 20 years of international experience.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After her studies, Barbara Martin Coppola started her career at Texas Instruments, where she worked as a business development manager from 1999 to 2004. Later, from 2005 to 2008, she was the Chief Digital Officer at Samsung in Seoul. In 2008, she worked at Google in France. She also has previous work experience as a global product marketing manager at YouTube and a Chief Marketing Officer at the Chicago-based meal delivery specialist GrubHub.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In April 2018, Barbara Martin Coppola became the Chief Digital Officer of the Group Ikea.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In January 2022, Barbara Martin Coppola became the chief executive officer of the Group Decathlon. She is the first woman to run the Group and the first female manager to be recruited from outside the Group Decathlon.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In September 2023, she won the Women's Excellence Award from the Spanish Women's Leaders Club.", "title": "Awards" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thoreau: A Sublime Life (French: Thoreau : La vie sublime) is a biographical comic book about the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau. It was written by Maximilien Le Roy and has art by A. Dan. The original French version was published by Le Lombard in 2012 and the English translation was published by NBM Publishing in 2016.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) is portrayed as a person who lived an active and politically engaged life. He operated a pencil factory his father owned. He was an outspoken abolitionist and assisted escaping slaves. He refused to pay taxes to the United States as a protest against slavery and the Mexican–American War. He sympathized with the abolitionist John Brown and met him in person. He also lived for two years in a cabin at the Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts, for which he later became remembered due to his book Walden.", "title": "Synopsis" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Benoît Cassel of Planète BD wrote that the worldview portrayed in the book should appeal to those who enjoyed the films Into the Wild and Dead Poets Society. He wrote that it succeeds to present a political philosophy in comic-book format in a sober, didactic and non-idolizing way, where the \"semi-realistic\" drawing style is in \"perfect accord with Thoreau's spirit\". Mélanie Monroy of BoDoï [fr] wrote that the landscape drawings make the reader feel the joy of being in contact with nature. She wrote that the book sheds light on less known parts of Thoreau's life, but fails to make him seem like a person of flesh and blood. Quoting from the foreword, where Le Roy writes that he wanted to present Thoreau as a useful model for contemporary subversion, Monroy wrote that this ambition failed. Publishers Weekly called the book a \"powerful and impassioned graphic biography\" that restores \"a luminous fire\" to Thoreau.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mehri and Vafa one of the first works written in Azerbaijani language, written by Ummi Isa. In terms of the planning of the grammatical structure of the Azerbaijani literary language the historical development, the author of the poem is the Azerbaijani poet Ummi Isa. The language of the poem is distinguished by its simplicity and comprehensibility, which is due to the fact that it is written in a folkloric, lively colloquial language. Service to the poem \"Book of Dede Korkut\" and \"Dastani-Ahmed Harami\" \"Mehri va Vafa\" is written in a simpler language and is a development form for the modern reader to understand. The language of the poem is dominated by words of Turkish origin. Its grammatical structures differ only slightly from modern Azerbaijani.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "\"Mehri and Vafa\", one of the love stories with two protagonists, is one of the stories with common characteristics in Turkish and Iranian literature. The story, which takes its source from Iranian literature, tells about lovers meeting each other after various events and obstacles, as the theme of a classical masnavi. One of the poets of the 9th century, Arshi Dahlavi and his brother Mir Mahammad Momini Arsh have poems called \"Mehri va Vafa\". A copy of Mir Muhammad's \"Mehri and Vafa\" is registered in the Paris National Library Supp 1100. This masnavi consists of 2200 verses. The poet claims that he was the first to write the theme \"Mehri and Vafa\". Another literary scholar suggested that the story of Mehri and Vafa was first written by Rashidi Samarkandi in the 12th century. It is known as a romantic verse from this work of Rashidi. Dovlatshah mentions Rashidi's Mehri wa Vafa masnawi in his tazkira that \"he really gave his word in that epic\". Most of the Persian and Turkish \"Mehri and Vafa\" masnavis written later were influenced by him. The first known Mehri and Vafa masnavi in Turkish language literature was written by Ummi Isa.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "We learn that the name of the author of the poem is İsa only from the work.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, no information is found in any other source about this poet's name or details. Therefore, it is impossible to comment on the historical period in which they lived. Nevertheless, according to Professor Yaqub Babayev, the poetic linguistics, language characteristics, lexical features, and stylistic system of the work entirely recall the main native epic art samples of the 13th-14th centuries. Babayev writes in his book titled \"Formation of Native Azerbaijani Literature and Development of Epic Poetry (13th-14th centuries)\":", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "\"As in our native-language monuments of the 13th-14th centuries, the case suffixes of the noun are not completely fixed here, and one is used instead of the other, verb tenses often replace each other, and archaic forms of personal suffixes are frequently used. It is true, we also find this feature in our native language works created in the later period. However, for the following centuries, the mentioned sign decreases considerably, the stabilization becomes noticeably stronger, the mentioned grammatical signs take on a more normative character and tend to take their permanent place. In the 13th-14th centuries, more freedom, increased frequency of use, and quantitative excess are observed in these grammatical signs. In this sense, \"Mehri and Vafa\" smells exactly of the XIII-XIV centuries\"", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Literary scholars K. Sharifli and A. Sharifli brought this work to light by publishing it twice with introductory notes. A. Sharifli has written a dissertation on the paleographic, orthographic, and lexicological research of \"Mehri and Vafa\" by Ummi İsa.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Prof. G. Kazimov, in his \"Selected Works,\" analyzed the language of the poem in comparison with the language of \"Dastani-Ahmad Harami,\" providing information about its lexical and morphological structure in an attempt to determine the era it actually belongs to. The scholar concluded that the creation of the poem could be attributed to a period earlier than the 13th century.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Turkish literary scholar Agah Sirri Levend notes Ummi İsa as a poet who lived in the 15th century. In his book examining pre-15th-century epic poems in Turkish literature, Amil Chelebioghlu evaluates Ummi İsa's epic as a monument from the 14th century. He mentions that the poet explicitly states in the closing verses of his epic that he completed his work in the Hijri year 774 (1372–73). Hence, it is estimated that the poet lived around those years.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The subject of the poem is as follows:", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The Sultan of Rum had three sons. One day, the Sultan falls ill. Seeing his condition worsening, the viziers ask him about his will. As his last testament, the Sultan mentions that he has placed three jars in the treasury tent for his three sons. Before his death, he tells them, \"In each jar, there is a wisdom, and let them govern the country with those wisdoms.\" When the Sultan passes away, the viziers go to the treasury and find that in the largest jar, there is soil; in the middle one, there's wax; and in the smallest, there's gold. Judging by the sizes of the jars, they decide that the soil in the big jar represents the country, which should be ruled by the eldest son, the wax in the middle jar indicates information about the livestock of the kingdom, meant for the middle son, and the gold in the smallest jar is for the youngest son. The youngest son, named Vafa, after distributing the gold to the needy and destitute, decides to leave the kingdom. He sells the ring from his finger to buy a little food. Vafa visits the fortune teller to learn about his remaining money. The seer tells him, \"You are a prince, and many things will happen to you, but eventually, you'll find happiness. You'll arrive at a city with flowing water, but you shouldn't stay in that city.\" Later, the seer predicts that he'll encounter a monster near a spring, then come across a treasure consisting of forty chambers and have a beautiful girl as well. Vafa, excited by what he learns, sets off and follows everything the fortune teller said. He finds both the treasure and Mehrin, along with her uncle. Upon seeing Mehrin's beauty, he falls in love with her. Later, while fleeing enemies with Mehri's uncle, they find their boat destroyed in a storm, but they are saved with the help of the prophet Khidr. Deciding to live with Mehri, Vafa discovers the forty-chambered treasure. Mehri shows him all but one room. One day, while Mehrin is asleep, Vefa finds the key and unlocks the fortieth chamber, discovering that the trees inside speak like humans. As he tries to take one of the cloaks hanging among the trees, a sudden gust of wind sweeps him away. Mehri becomes distressed upon learning about their situation and predicts that tragedies will occur, insisting on parting ways. The cloak lands in a field belonging to a farmer in the Maghreb province. The farmer takes the cloak to the village chief, who in turn brings it to the vizier. Seeing the cloak, the Sultan falls in love, claiming that \"this beautiful cloak must belong to a heavenly maiden\" and orders his men to find the owner of the cloak. The vizier and the nobles seek help from a famous wizard. The wizard reveals that the owner of the cloak lives in the land of the Byzantines and can bring her to the Sultan. Disguised as a poor and elderly woman, the djinn mounts a horse and arrives where Mehri and Vafa reside. Invoking Allah's name, the djinn pleads for help. Despite Mehri's reluctance to open the door, she succumbs to Vefa's insistence and lets the wizard in. As the wizard enters, she casts a spell, causing both of them to lose consciousness. The wizard slashes Vefa's throat and places the unconscious Mehri in a chest, taking her to the Sultan's palace. When Mehri wakes up and sees the Sultan, she, in this state, seeks permission from the Sultan to spend a year mourning her beloved by living with her aunt in another palace to escape the situation. Finally, the Sultan accepts this condition, believing that Mehrin will come willingly. Mourning for her beloved, Mehri dyes all her clothes black. The Sultan, upon seeing his lover's condition, declares a mourning period throughout the country, forcing everyone in the kingdom to wear black. Learning that Vafa has spent all his wealth, his brothers become concerned about his wish. The middle brother sets out to find Vafa and visits the fortune teller. The seer first cries and then laughs. Upon reaching the palace, he hears that his brother Vafa has been killed and mourns. Khidr arrives and resurrects Vefa. Once revived, Vafa immediately asks for Mehri. Despite the warning from his middle brother, Vefa insists on finding his beloved. He takes two cloaks left in the garden, an everlasting flower, and a bag of gold and sets off. Traveling for eleven months and asking about Mehri at every encounter, Vefa arrives in the Maghreb province. Placing the flower on a servant's tray, Vafa's gesture through the fragrance is recognized by Mehri, who sends word to the Sultan to prepare for the celebration. Mehri gives Vafa the horses sent by the Sultan. While the wedding feast is in full swing, Mehri and Vafa leave for a cave to hide. The following day, realizing the situation, the Sultan sends the djinn to find Mehrin. Failing to find the two lovers, the Sultan kills the djinn in frustration. Driven mad by love, the Sultan sets out barefoot to find Mehri.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Afterward, Vafa and Mehri face new adventures. First, a slave, then a jeweler tries to seize Mehri. However, through measures and cunning, Mehri escapes from their clutches. Consequently, Mehri and Vafa part ways. Mehri arrives in a country where she is made a queen. Vafa, searching tirelessly, eventually arrives there. Recognizing her from a deliberately drawn symbol placed in a prominent location in the city, Vafa finds her. They meet, and after celebrating their wedding, Mehri passes her queenship to Vafa.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The story divides people into two factions: those allied with the main protagonists and those against them. The narrative includes non-human entities as characters as well. Except for the main protagonists (Mehri and Vefa), all other characters are either allied with the lovers or strive to separate them.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Allies of the main protagonists: Khidr, Elijah, the aged vizier, Vafa's older brother, younger brother, and the gardener.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Opposed to the main protagonists: The Maghreb-Sultan of the Earth, vizier, Sultan of Zengid, jeweler, wizard, devout woman, master, neighbor woman.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Mehri's character. She represents the equivalent of the beloved in our classic literature. However, unlike the typical romantic figure, Mehri doesn't emerge with her fierceness or sufferings. Her most significant traits are compassion and intelligence. Mehri is the daughter of the Sultan of Oman. Referred to in the narrative as Mehr, Mehri Banu, or simply Banu, she possesses legendary beauty. Mehri is so stunning that Vefa loses his senses when he first sees her. This incident recurs seven times. While establishing Mehri's traits in the narrative, hyperboles are often used. For instance, when Mehri is mentioned, phrases like \"an angel seated on the throne, her radiance illuminating the entire palace\" exemplify this. Beyond her external attributes, Mehri is also incredibly intelligent. She has the ability to foresee events beforehand. Mehri is the one who overcomes the challenges created by Vefa. It's for this reason that she is portrayed as a strong female character in the narrative. As intelligent as she is, Mehri is also compassionate. At the story's end, she doesn't punish the men she captured; instead, she gives each twenty thousand gold coins and sends them back to their homes.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Vafa's character. He is the youngest son of the Sultan of Rum. In the courtly literature, like Mehri, he also embodies the role of a lover. In the court poetry, Vafa represents the image of a tearful lover. One of Vafa's other traits is his significant weakness compared to Mehri. In the story, Vafa becomes the cause of all the events that lead to the separation of the lovers. Nevertheless, like Mehri, Vafa is also a compassionate individual. He spends all the gold from a chest to help the poor. Despite those who took Mehri away, he doesn't seek revenge.", "title": "Topic" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "\"Mehri and Vafa\" mesnevi utilizes a simple language. Although there are few, Arabic and Persian words are used. Some expressions in Arabic and Persian languages can be found in the work. However, the predominant words in the poem are of Turkish origin. The language of the work closely resembles the spoken language of that period. Compared to \"Kitabi-Dede Qorqud\" and \"Dastani-Ahmad Harami,\" the \"Mehri and Vafa\" poem is written in a simpler language, understandable for modern readers. The grammatical structures in the poem differ very little from modern Azerbaijani.", "title": "Language features" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "The \"Mehri and Vafa\" mesnevi is composed in the meter of the aruz verse. It uses the measure known as \"Fâ¡ilatün fâ¡ilatün fâ¡ilün,\" which is recognized as a classical mesnevi meter. Attempts have been made to adjust some words to fit the meter in the work. Especially in cases where it's challenging to adapt Turkish words to the aruz meter, Arabic and Persian words are substituted. The rhyme structure of the work is quite organized.", "title": "Language features" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "One of the notable aspects of the work is the archaism in its language and grammar. This aspect indicates that the language of \"Mehri and Vefa\" is closer to the language of earlier works such as \"Kitabi-Dede Qorqud\". Many of the indigenous Azerbaijani-Turkish words exhibit phonetic and lexical archaisms. There are also a considerable number of borrowings, with a ratio similar to the Turkish-origin words in \"Dede Qorqud\".", "title": "Language features" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The language, style, and idiomatic expressions in \"Mehri and Vafa\" are very close to those in \"Ahmad Harami's Dastan\".", "title": "Language features" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "A. Sharifli writes: \"In general, along with the use of our epics and tales, the influence of Nizami's creativity is also felt here. Especially the details of \"The Tale of the Maid in Black\" in \"Seven Beauties\" come to mind. As in Nizami's work, Vafa comes to the country dressed in Black and finds Mehri there. The fact that Mehri does everything cautiously, intelligently, logically, and at the same time courageously reminds the heroes of Nizami's works, etc.", "title": "Language features" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "The Mehri and Vafa manuscript, attributed to Umni İsa, has numerous manuscripts and publications both domestically and internationally available in libraries. The poem has been published twice (in 2001 and 2005) under the auspices of the Institute of Manuscripts named after Muhammad Fuzuli at the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. The first publication, prepared by Kamandar and Aysel Sharifli, was in Cyrillic alphabet with a preface encompassing 2.5 pages and included a glossary of difficult words. The work was printed with a comprehensive preface by Professor Rafiq Aliyev, the director of the \"Irshad\" Center for Islamic Studies, under the editorship of M.Z. Nagiyev and M.M. Adilov. The title page honored it as a \"Rare Monument of Our Literature and Language.\" The second edition was printed in the Latin script, also including the text in the Arabic alphabet (calligrapher M. Azizov). The version presented in the Arabic script helped identify differences in the texts. The scientific and critical text of the manuscript, translated into the current alphabet, prepared for publication, preface, and glossary author is Aysel Sharifova. The preface in this edition is concise. There are two surviving manuscripts of the work. Both versions of the manuscripts, preserved in the Manuscripts Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences that have come down to us, were transcribed in the 19th century. One was transcribed in 1827 by Mahammad Kemine, and the other in 1834 by the renowned scholar, educator, and bibliographer Abdulghani Nukhavi Khalisaqarizade. The first manuscript consists of 1490 verses, while the second has 1574. The authors of the first edition considered the manuscript transcribed by Abdulghani Nukhavi as reliable, stating: \"Despite Abdulghani Nukhavi transcribing the manuscript at a young age, he endeavored to preserve its spelling peculiarities and refrained from interfering with its language and style.\"", "title": "Manuscripts and publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "The authors consider this manuscript transcribed earlier. Regarding the version transcribed by Mahammad Kemine in 1827, they write: \"While transcribing the text of the poem, Mahammad Kemine allowed numerous abridgments, additions, and alterations, resulting in a corrupted version of the 'Mehri və Vəfa' poem. Unlike Abdulghani Nukhavi's manuscript, in Mahammad Kemine's manuscript, the preamble of the poem, consisting of 28 verses, was abridged. Furthermore, several verses in the text of the work were entirely changed, additional verses were inserted into some episodes, and in certain parts, individual verses were truncated. Additionally, some of the archaisms in the poem's language were replaced with more modern variations.\"", "title": "Manuscripts and publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Ummi İsa's \"Mehri and Vafa\" epic has three manuscripts housed in Turkish libraries:", "title": "Manuscripts and publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "1. Izmir National Library, Manuscript No. 26/668. This manuscript is written in prose and measures 210x145 mm in size.", "title": "Manuscripts and publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "2. Atatürk University Library, Seyfeddin Ozege Catalog, has two copies, numbered 282 and 283. These manuscripts are handwritten, consisting of 19 lines and 61 pages. Although the poem is written in a poetic narrative style, the classical elements like the usual invocation, monotheism, and supplication parts are incomplete in these copies. The poem comprises 795 verses and, despite being quite extensive, it doesn't possess a large volume. Its significance lies in reflecting the language peculiarities of its era. The copyist added the following date at the end: \"Temmetu’l-kitab bi-câni’l-lahi’l-mülkü’l-vehhab tarix il 1208 fî 17\". There are occasional disruptions in the rhyme scheme due to alterations within lines, and some numbering discrepancies exist in the manuscript, primarily originating from mistakes in the original text.", "title": "Manuscripts and publications" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "3. Marbur Staatsbibliothek, Manuscript No. Ms.Or.Okt 2628.", "title": "Manuscripts and publications" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Operation Volcano of Rage, or Operation Volcano of Anger (Arabic: عملية بركان الغضب) was a military resistance movement launched in response to the LNA assault on western Libya during the Second Libyan Civil War. The operation was initiated by brigades and military units associated with the GNA with the aim of defending Tripoli and adjacent cities.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In April 2019, Haftar's forces launched a surprise invasion to take control of the capital Tripoli from the GNA and \"unite all of Libya\". The LNA had begun launching airstrikes and attacks on western Libya with support from various countries such as Egypt, Russia, and France. Soon after, Colonel Mohamed Gnounou, the GNA military spokesman at the time, announced that they started a counteroffensive to reclaim the territories in Tripoli taken by the LNA, dubbed \"Operation Volcano of Rage\".", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On April 7, 2019, Colonel Mohamed Gnounou, the GNA military spokesman, declared the commencement of a counteroffensive known as \"Operation Volcano of Rage.\" This campaign was designed to reclaim territories in Tripoli seized by the LNA. A day later, Misrata militias actively mobilized on the frontlines of Tripoli. Their objective was to prevent the LNA from capturing the strategically significant city.", "title": "The Operation" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "By June 26, 2019, the Libyan Army's Volcano of Rage Operation reported the successful seizure of control over most parts of Gharyan city. This included military camps and the operations room of Khalifa Haftar's forces.", "title": "The Operation" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On October 1, 2019, Haftar's forces, supported by the United Arab Emirates (UAE), launched artillery shells on Mitiga Airport in Tripoli, as reported by the Burkan Al-Ghadab Operation (Volcano of Rage Operation) of the Libyan Army under GNA command.", "title": "The Operation" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On May 2020, the Libyan Army conducted air operations targeting forces loyal to Khalifa Haftar. The strikes aimed to disrupt Haftar's supply lines and resulted in the destruction of vehicles and an ammunition depot at the Al-Watiya Air Base.", "title": "The Operation" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Following the seizure of Al-Watiya airbase, the Volcano of Rage Operation captured the towns of Badr and Tiji on May 19, 2020, without encountering resistance. By June 4, 2020, the forces declared 100% control over all of the administrative borders of Tripoli, expelling the last remnants of Haftar's forces.", "title": "The Operation" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On June 5, 2020, the GNA forces extended their control over the entire city of Tarhuna after a multi-axis attack. The next day, Operation Volcano of Rage launched a new campaign titled \"Operation Path to Victory\" to try and take back Sirte. Although the main goal of the operation was not fully completed, the GNA had secured control over mutiple districts on the outskirts, most notably the Al-Washka area.", "title": "Expansion and New Campaigns" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Furbush is a surname.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Frankfurter Bank was a German bank founded in 1854 in Frankfurt, which issued its own banknotes until 1901. On 1 January 1970, it merged with the Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft to form Berliner Handels- und Frankfurter Bank, generally referred to as BHF Bank until 2007 and since then as ODDO BHF.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Frankfurter Bank was founded in 1854 to serve as a central bank for the then-autonomous Free City of Frankfurt, realizing a project that had long been under discussion but was accelerated by the nearby establishment of the Darmstädter Bank the previous year. The bank was sponsored by local banking houses including M. A. Rothschild & Söhne, Bethmann Bank, and Grunelius & Co. [de], and authorized by the Frankfurt municipal council; the initial share subscription was oversubscribed 16 times, above all expectations. Its first general manager was Wilhelm Isaac Gillé [de]. The bank issued banknotes denominated in Guilders (German: Gulde), by then the monetary standard in the South German area of which Frankfurt was part. The Frankfurter Bank's money did not have legal tender status but enjoyed solid reputation and was accepted beyond the boundaries of the city-state, even after the latter came to an end in 1866. In 1885, the sentence \"The Frankfurter Bank in Frankfurt-am-Main has always had a particularly respected position in the commercial world\" (German: \"Eine besonders geachtete Stellung nahm in der kaufmännischen Welt von jeher die Frankfurter Bank in Frankfurt a. M. ein\") was included in the Meyers Konversations-Lexikon phrasebook. The Frankfurter Bank was allowed to keep issuing banknotes until 1901, even though this activity had become marginal following the establishment of the Reichsbank in 1875; the banknotes were finally withdrawn on 31 December 1901.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Frankfurter Bank was originally located at Münzgasse 2 in Frankfurt's historic city center. In the late 19th century, it erected a palatial head office at Neue Mainzerstrasse 69, designed by architect Hermann Ritter [de]. That building was destroyed during World War II, then rebuilt in the 1950s on a streamlined monumental design. It was eventually demolished to make way for the Bürohaus an der Alten Oper [de] skyscraper, erected in the early 1980s.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1925, the State Bank of Prussia took a 10 percent equity stake in the Frankfurter Bank. In 1946, on the joint initiative of surviving board member Hans Heinrich Hauck and former Reichs-Kredit-Gesellschaft (RKG) board member Hermann Jannsen, the bank was reorganized as a credit institution, and in the following years the Frankfurter Bank's management increasingly included former executives of the defunct RKG. In 1962, the bank opened its first branch outside of Frankfurt. It eventually merged with Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft, which after 1945 had also relocated to Frankfurt.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sheila Sue Moriber Katz (February 1, 1943 – September 10, 2023) was an American pathologist and writer, dean of the Hahnemann University School of Medicine, and co-founder of the School of Public Health at Drexel. She is considered the first person to see the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, which causes Legionnaire's disease.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Moriber was born in Brooklyn's Bensonhurst neighborhood, the daughter of Joseph Moriber and Muriel Goldfinger Moriber. Her father was a lawyer and real estate developer. She graduated from Cornell University in 1962. She earned a medical degree at Duke University School of Medicine in 1966. In 1990 she earned an MBA at the Wharton School.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Katz was a pathologist and professor at Hahnemann University School of Medicine beginning in 1974. She reached full professor status in 1981, and in 1993 became senior associate dean. She was director of the microscopy laboratory at Hahnemann, and co-founder of the School of Public Health there. She was president of the Philadelphia County Medical Society, and of the Duke University Medical School Alumni Council.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Katz studied Legionnaire's disease after a deadly outbreak in Philadelphia in 1976. She may have caught the disease herself, from handling a sample of infected lung tissue. She was the first scientist to see the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. Newsweek magazine included Katz in a list of 100 \"unsung heroes\" in 1986. In 1993 she was honored by the Girl Scouts of Greater Philadelphia as a woman achiever in science.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the 1990s, Katz led the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine. She was executive officer of the Allegheny Health Education and Research Foundation in Philadelphia. She founded her own business, NewMedicine, in 2000. Katz also wrote poetry.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Moriber married fellow medical student Julian Katz in 1963. They had two children, Jonathan and Sara, both of whom became physicians. Her husband died in 2014, and she died in 2023, at her home in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, at the age of 80, from complications related to Parkinson's disease.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ittenyon Stardom Gate (イッテンヨン スターダム ゲート, Itten'yon sutādamu gēto) is an upcoming professional wrestling event promoted by World Wonder Ring Stardom. It will take place on January 4, 2024, in Tokyo, Japan, at the Tokyo Dome City Hall.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The show will feature professional wrestling matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.", "title": "Production" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Well-Travelled Goat was a goat that accompanied both James Cook on the Endeavour on the first voyage of James Cook, and Samuel Wallis on the Dolphin, around the world.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was amongst several other animals on the Endeavour loaded as livestock. Sheep, pigs, goats, and chickens were on board to provide meat, eggs, and milk.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It was not the only traveller with Cook to have previously travelled on the Dolphin, which also included the ship's master Robert Molyneuax, ship's master's mates Charles Clerke, Richard Pickersgill, and Francis Wilkinson, and the lieutenant John Gore.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It had a Latin poem, a distich, written for it by Samuel Johnson at the request of Joseph Banks, which Banks had engraved upon the goat's collar:", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Perpetui, ambita bis terra, premia lactis Haec habet, altrici Capra secunda Jovis.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Translated to English this reads \"The globe twice circled, this the Goat, the second to the nurse of Jove, is thus rewarded for her never-failing milk.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Johnson's biographer gave a somewhat lengthier and looser translation, attributed to \"a friend\":", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In fame scarce second to the nurse of Jove, This Goat, who twice the world had traversed round, Deserving both her master’s care and love, Ease and perpetual pasture now has found.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "John Wilson Croker noted in a critical edition of Boswell's biography that \"[n]either the original nor the translation will add much to the poetical fame of Mr. Boswell's friends. The Latin seems particularly stiff and poor.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Oskar Spate observed that the goat's fate was more fortunate than that of Amalthea, the aforementioned \"nurse of Jove\". The goat was much celebrated by newspapers such as the General Evening Post upon the return of the Endeavour, whose correspondent for the voyage claimed that \"[s]he never went dry during the whole of the voyage\" and asserted that \"we mean to reward her services by placing her in a good English pasture for the rest of her life\". It lived out the rest of its life as a \"pensioner\" at Greenwich Hospital and died at Mile End on 1772-04-28.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 2006 Jackie French wrote a fictionalized account of the voyage for children, based upon the real events, that was partly narrated from the view of the goat, entitled The Goat who Sailed the World.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hampden Gurney C of E School is a top ten state primary school based in Marylebone, London.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Established in 1863 as a memorial to John Hampden Gurney, it was first situated on Hampden Gurney Street, close to Marble Arch and Oxford Street. In 1936 it was amalgamated with St Luke's school located in Nutford Place operating across two campuses. The school site was destroyed during the Blitz in WW2 and subsequently was rebuilt opening in 1967 by the poet John Betjemen (who went on to become Poet Laureate). During the early 1990s, the school was rebuilt again by BDP Architects with improved facilities as the building which stands on Nutford Place today, close to Hyde Park. The new building development won several awards including the RIBA Award for architecture 2002 (Shortlist for Stirling Prize), Civic Trust Award 2004 and Structural Steel Design Award 2003 (commendation).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The school ranks in the top 10 state primary schools in the UK by the Sunday Times Schools Guide and the BBC's Primary School League Tables where it ranked joint first in 2014 by attainment scores. Its latest The Sunday Times Schools Guide ranking in 2022 was 4th. In 2023, ranked as the most successful school in England as the government released performance figures based on peformance scores across reading, writing and mathematics.", "title": "Academics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Witch Child of Pilot's Knob is a Kentucky urban legend that tells of a five-year-old girl named Mary Evelyn Ford and her mother, Mary Louise Ford, being burned at the stake in the 1900's for practicing witchcraft in the town of Marion, Kentucky.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The legend goes that Mary Evelyn Ford and Mary Louise Ford where both accused of witchcraft in the town of Marion. Instead of charging them through the court system, the townsfolk decided to burn them at the stake. Mary Louise's body was taken somewhere and buried far away from Marion and Mary Evelyn's body was buried in the town Pilot's Knob, Kentucky. The townsfolk buried Mary Evelyn in Pilot Knob Cemetery in a steel lined grave, covered her casket in concrete and gravel, and surrounded her grave with an interconnected fence of crosses out of fear that she would rise from the dead to take revenge.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It is said that Mary Evelyn's spirit cannot pass the fence around her grave, but she can pull people down into it if they get near enough, and she tries to taunt people into coming closer. It is also said that there is a dark spirt outside of her grave's fence called \"The Watcher\" who is said to haunt Pilot Knob Cemetery and seems to be attempting to claim the girl's soul, but cant get her through the fence, he waits to claim the girl's soul and will chase off anyone in the cemetery.", "title": "Mythos" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Heart Beat\" is a song by Japanese duo Yoasobi. It was released on December 26, 2023, through Sony Music Entertainment Japan, as a theme for the seventh iteration of annual television special 18Fes. A theme of \"heartbeat\", the song was written by Ayase and based on messages and performance videos submissions from the program's 1,000 teenage participants.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On June 12, 2023, NHK announced the seventh iteration of television special 18Fes collaborated with Yoasobi, where they solicited message or performance videos under the theme of \"heartbeat\" from 1,000 teenagers between 17 and 20 years old in Japan, to create music based on those videos, scheduled for filming in November with those teenagers. The show broadcast via NHK General TV on December 25, performing the song titled \"Heart Beat\". Shortly after broadcast, the song was available for digital music and streaming platforms on December 26. Its accompanying music video premiered on the same day as the release at 20:00 JST. Directed by Atsushi Makino, it depicts facing yourself, worry, and struggle while finding true identity via puppet show and blacklights.", "title": "Background and release" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle Of Tadmait was a battle between The Emirate Of Mascara against the French Army.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The campaign led by General Bugeaud against Khalifa Ahmed ben Salem in the Tadmayt region in April 1844 aimed to caution the tribes that remained loyal to the state of Emir Abdelkader. General Bugeaud's forces set out from El-Harrach on April 27, 1844, comprising an army of approximately 6,000 to 8,000 soldiers after assembling the gathering since April 25, 1844. The objective was to curb the influence of Emir Abdelkader and maintain control over tribes in the region.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After 18 days of marching towards Djurdjura, including clashes with Algerian resistance fighters, a portion of General Bugeaud's force was stationed in Tadmayt under the command of General Gentil, General Court, and Colonel Schmitt. The remaining forces continued advancing towards the mountains of Sidi Ali Bounab. General Bugeaud encountered resistance from the tribes and hamlets of Fleyset El-Jbel, leading to an attack by Ahmed ben Salem's horsemen. The Algerians withdrew towards the heights of Sidi Ali Bounab, and General Bugeaud eventually withdrew after losing 32 French soldiers. The Zawawa resistance also suffered significant losses, with some of their villages being burned and destroyed.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Following the battle, the leader of Fleyset El-Jbel, known as \"Ben Zaamoum,\" advanced towards the French camp to negotiate a truce with France. He secured recognition as the leader of his tribe by the French.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Main road 83 (Hungarian: 83-as főút) is a south–north direction Secondary class main road in the Kisalföld, that connects the Main road 8 change to Main road 82. The road is 76 kilometres (47 mi) long.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The road, as well as all other main roads in Hungary, is managed and maintained by Magyar Közút, state owned company.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Smoke on the Water\" is a 1972 song by Deep Purple", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Smoke on the Water may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Canadian Justice, Indigenous Injustice: The Gerald Stanley and Colten Boushie Case is a 2019 nonfiction book by Kent Roach, a law professor at the University of Toronto about the trial of Gerald Stanley, who was found not guilty of the 2018 killing of Colten Boushie. The book was published by McGill-Queen’s University Press.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "University of Toronto law professor, Kent Roach, who is the author of public policy books—The Supreme Court on Trial and Due Process and Victims' Rights which were on the short list for the Donner Prize, wrote Canadian Justice, Indigenous Injustice in 2019.", "title": "Kent Roach" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "A review in the Canadian Journal of Law and Society described the book as an \"excellent scholarly book\" and an \"important historical document\".", "title": "Reviews" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "A Canadian Law Library Review (CLLR) review of the 2022 paperback edition of the book, which included a new preface by Roach, said the book was a \"valuable investigation\" of how indigenous people experience the Canadian justice system.", "title": "Reviews" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Roach focused on the \"historical, political, social, and legal\" aspects of the case, according to a Quill and Quire review.", "title": "Reviews" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A CBC News' article cited the book, saying that the trial jurors did not receive enough instructions on how to handle a hang fire defence.", "title": "Reviews" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The Boushie family raised concerns that Roach had written the book without consulting them.", "title": "Reviews" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alternation of supports is a trait of Romanesque architecture (and Early Gothic), where the supports in a colonnade or arcade have different types. For example, periodic change between the strong supports (piers) and the weak ones (columns) provides a visually obvious alternating supports. More subtle alternation can result, for example, from variations of the column shafts.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The technique became common at the end of the 10th century and appears to be coupled with the use of transverse arches: the arches rested on the tops of the stronger piers. The double-bay system, with its side aisles at a half of the width of the nave, required columns for the aisle vaults placed at half the step for the transverse arches of the nave, the additional columns sometimes carried smaller load and thus can be thinner.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The use of alternating supports was largely abandoned with the introduction of Gothic architecture and its more malleable pointed arches. There were some notable exceptions, however: for example, the lateral aisles of the Notre-Dame de Paris have alternating piers of lower and greater strength that provide a \"powerful appeal to the eye and the senses\", but had originally fulfilled a structural need, as the heavier piers carried an extra load from the intermediate supports in the buttress system. Also, the alternation can be found in some early Gothic designs of sexpartite vaults, where the support for the middle transverse rib carries less load.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elena Negreanu (February 13, 1918 – January 26, 2016) was a Romanian Jewish actress, graphic designer, and director.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Negreanu is the daughter of Constantin (1870–1921), a Translyvanian professor of chemistry, and Sevasta Negreanu (1890–1944), a professor of history. She was one of 7 children in her family. At the age of 3, her father died, and her mother married fellow history professor Gavril Musuțuț, who encouraged Negreanu to become an actress. She attended acting classes in Bucharest in the class of Professor Beate Fredanov [ro].", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Starting in 1947, she was an actress at the National Theatre Bucharest and a lecturer at the Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film. In 1956, she became an artistic director of the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company, engaging in classical audio performances until her departure in 1980.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She died on January 26th, 2016 in Bucharest and is buried in the Bucharest Sephardic Jewish Cemetery.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ryan D. Tseko (born July 8, 1984) is an American real estate executive and pilot. He was a former Corporate Captain for flying the Gulfstream G650ER and is currently working as an Executive Vice President of Cardone Capital. where he manages a $4.3 billion real estate portfolio.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tseko was born in Chicago, Illinois, and spent his formative years moving between Southern California and Scottsdale, Arizona. He grew up in Heber Valley, Utah. When he was a child, his uncle bought a Cessna C175. He started flying at age 18 After convincing my mother he took a loan of $140k to attend the Regional Airline Academy for flight certificates and earned a B.S. in Aviation and Airway Management from Utah Valley State University He became a pilot at 21, working for United Express.", "title": "Early Life and Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tseko began his career as a commercial airline pilot with United Express from 2002 to 2012. He accumulated over 10,000 flight hours in jet aircraft in both commercial airlines and corporate.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2012, while still working as a pilot, he met Grant Cardone, the founder of Cardone Capital, and recognized the potential in real estate. Tseko divested his properties and invested $400,000 into 826 units of properties located in Nashville, Tennessee marking the beginning of his venture into real estate. He sold his investment for $1.1 million after 4 years. In 2018, he raised over $400 million through debt financing. he also managed Gulfstreams for the Cardone organization.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Subsequently, Ryan joined Cardone Capital, As the Manager's Executive Vice President, his responsibilities focused on acquisitions and capital relationships. During his tenure, Ryan oversaw 30 real estate acquisitions, totalling over $3 billion in transaction value, and secured over $1.9 billion in debt financing in multifamily real estate assets totalling more than 8000 units. He actively contributed to the launch of investment vehicles, he played a key role in raising over $1.1 billion of equity capital through crowdfunding.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2023, he is currently handling a portfolio of $4.3 billion. and look after 21 properties.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Negro River may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "%5B%5BWikipedia%3ARedirects+for+discussion%5D%5D+debate+closed+as+delete", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "#REDIRECT Danish Americans", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dollar Dash is a generic action-adventure indie video game developed by Candygun Games and published by Kalypso Media. It was released on March 6, 2013 (worldwide) for the Xbox 360, March 19, 2013 in North America and March 20, 2013 in Europe and Australia for the PlayStation 3. The game was also released for Microsoft Windows and macOS on March 6, 2013 via Steam and on February 5, 2014 via Desura.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The game can be played with up to four players (local or online) and features three different game modes: Dollar Dash, Hit 'n' Run, and Save the Safe.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In Dollar Dash mode, players race around a top-down map collecting cash while trying to avoid other players and obstacles. Players can use power-ups to attack, defend themselves, or outrun their opponents. At set intervals, players can drop off the cash they've collected with a van to score points. The game ends when one player has reached a certain number of points or when the time runs out.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In Hit 'n' Run mode, players must collect as much cash as possible while driving a car. Players can use power-ups to attack other players, slow them down, or boost their own speed. The game ends when one player has reached a certain number of points or when the time runs out.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In Save the Safe mode, one player is designated as the banker and must protect the safe while the other players try to steal it. The banker can use power-ups to defend the safe, while the other players can use power-ups to attack the safe or the banker. The game ends when the safe is stolen or when the time runs out.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The More Ways to Win DLC pack includes a new game mode called Topscorer. This mode features six maps and new in-game shop content, including costumes, victory dances, and icons. In Topscorer, each player carries a money bag that can hold up to $1,000. The Robber's Toolkit DLC pack for includes new weapons, upgrades, and shop items.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The Winter Pack includes five Christmas-themed maps and a variety of festive shop items. Players can equip their character with a Santa hat, Santa beard, and other items as they collect presents instead of dollars. The Summer Pack includes four summer-themed maps and a variety of beach-themed shop items. Players can equip their character with a Hawaiian shirt, sunglasses, and other items as they collect seashells instead of dollars.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Dollar Dash received \"generally unfavorable\" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Chris Carter on Destructoid stated that \"If you’re not a mega-fan of the genre though, it’s probably best to keep your dollars in your wallet.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Kyle Hilliard on Game Informer stated that \"Dollar Dash is a simple experience with only three modes. Each level is unique, but the combat feels shallow. Fun can be had in the chaos, making it decent to pick up and play for a few matches, but it lacks lasting appeal…unless you’re really into novelty customization items like afro wigs and aviator sunglasses.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "GamesMaster gave Dollar Dash a \"yawn\" in their magazine.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Taylor Cocke on IGN stated that \"There isn’t a whole lot to Dollar Dash. It’s a simple game about running around, grabbing stuff, and throwing things at friends, and it goes totally overboard with it. With no significant depth or cleverness to it, it's easy for the annoying gameplay imbalances and control issues to ruin the whole thing.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cristóbal Balenciaga is an upcoming Spanish biographical drama television series created by Aitor Arregi, Jon Garaño, Jose Mari Goenaga, and Lourdes Iglesias, and starring Alberto San Juan as the homonym fashion designer.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1937, after a successful career with his ateliers in Madrid and San Sebastián dressing the Spanish elite and aristocracy, the designer Cristóbal Balenciaga made the international leap by presenting his first haute couture collection in Paris. However, the designs that set trends in Spain did not work in the sophisticated fashion empire that Paris had become, where Chanel, Dior and Givenchy were the benchmark for haute couture. Guided by his obsession for control in all aspects of his life, Balenciaga would define his style to become one of the greatest designers in history.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 12 November 2021, Disney+ announced that they would begin produce their first original series in Spain: Balenciaga, a biographical series about the Spanish couturier Cristóbal Balenciaga. In June 2022, Alberto San Juan was announced as the actor who would play Balenciaga in the series, while the rest of the cast was announced in July 2022. In late September 2022, it was announced that the series was on track to complete filming after four months of work in various locations.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "When Disney+ announced the premiere date for the series, it was revealed that at some point in production the title of the series had changed from Balenciaga to Cristóbal Balenciaga.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 30 October 2023, Disney+ released the teaser trailer and announced that the series will premiere on Disney+ in Spain and on Star+ in Latin America on 19 January 2024. On 18 December 2024, the final trailer for the series was released.", "title": "Release" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cheng Soo-chen (Chinese: 鄭淑珍; born 1955) is a Taiwanese biochemist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After graduating from National Taiwan University, Chen attended Duke University from 1978 to 1983, where she earned a doctorate in biochemistry. She conducted postdoctoral research at the National Institutes of Health from 1983 to 1984, and was a research fellow and senior research fellow at Caltech between 1984 and 1988.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Cheng began her affiliation with Academia Sinica in 1977, as a research assistant for the Institute of Biological Chemistry. After returning to Taiwan upon the completion of her Ph.D., Cheng joined Academia Sinica's Institute of Molecular Biology, starting out as an associate research fellow. She was promoted to research fellow in 1994, and became a distinguished research fellow in 2003. Cheng was deputy director of the Institute of Molecular Biology between 2006 and 2008, and served as institute director from 2013 to 2016. She held a joint appointment as distinguished research fellow for the Academia Sinica's Genomics Research Center from 2004 to 2016.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Cheng was adjunct faculty at National Yang-Ming University from 1989 to 2013, and began teaching at National Taiwan University as a full professor in 2013.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Cheng shared the 2010 TWAS Prize in Biology with Satyajit Mayor. Chang was elected a member of Academia Sinica in 2012, and a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences in 2013.", "title": "Honors and awards" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Santi Quirico e Giulitta is a church in Rome named for Saints Cyricus and Julitta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Santi Quirico e Giulitta may also refer to the following churches in Italy:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle of Marta is a military confrontation between a coalition of rebellious Berber tribes led by Carcasan and the forces of John Troglita and his Berber ally Cusina, at Marta (current-day Mareth, Tunisia), in the summer of 547. It follows a significant Byzantine victory through which John Troglita managed to suppress the Berber rebellion led by Antalas. However, in this instance, the Berber rebels prevail, delaying the ultimate victory of the Byzantines by a few months.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After the conquest of the Vandal Kingdom in 534, the Byzantine Empire restored Roman rule over North Africa, but it quickly faced resistance from Berber tribes concerned about their autonomy. Following several more or less suppressed uprisings, a major rebellion erupted in 543, jeopardizing the Byzantine position in Africa. In 546, Emperor Justinian dispatched John Troglita to take control of the province, weakened by divisions and the incompetence of Byzantine leadership. Successfully forming an alliance with Cusina, a Berber chief, and engaging in a pitched battle against the rebel coalition led by Antalas, Troglita achieved a significant success upon his arrival.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "However, the rebellion is not completely suppressed. In Tripolitania, Carcasan, the leader of the Ifuraces, forms a new coalition of which he is the sole leader, launching raids into Byzacena. Meanwhile, the Byzantines are weakened by the departure of a portion of their troops to Italy to participate in the war against the Goths. In reality, of the nine regiments, only six remain, and Ifisdaïas withdraws his support for Troglita. The rebels' territory is arid, and mounting a Byzantine expedition is complicated by the lack of supplies. In the midst of summer, the shortage of water and food becomes apparent, leading to a mutiny among the Byzantine troops Quickly, John Troglita must retreat toward the coast, but adverse winds prevent the support fleet from approaching. Simultaneously, the Berber rebels also face a shortage of supplies as their numbers exceed the capacity of local oases. Soon, they are spotted by Byzantine scouts, and John Troglita pursues them, still with the support of Cusina, before establishing his camp at Marta.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The battlefield is crossed by a river that separates the two armies. John Troglita orders his light troops to hold the downstream of the river, thwarting any attempts at crossing through the use of projectile weapons. The Byzantines launch a disorderly charge and manage to drive the Berber rebels from the riverbanks. The rebels' retreat sparks martial enthusiasm among the Byzantines and their Berber allies. Nevertheless, Jean hesitates about advancing further. He arranges his army to be prepared for any eventuality, organizing it into three corps. On the left wing are the Berbers led by Cusina, in the center are General John Troglita and the infantry phalanxes, and on the right wing is the Byzantine cavalry with Putzintulus, Geisirith, and Sinduit. John hesitates before committing the army, following the advice of his escort officers, the domestic protectors. Finally, influenced by the counsel of two Byzantine officers, he decides to initiate the battle without knowing the arrangement of his adversary. The Berber rebels have taken refuge in wooded terrain, hindering the handling of the Byzantine phalanx's pikes and favoring surprise attacks by the rebels. Soon, the Byzantines are vulnerable to the rebels' attacks, taking advantage of their adversaries' mobility challenges.Jean hesitates before committing the army, following the advice of his escort officers, the domestic protectors.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Carcasan mobilizes the bulk of his troops, launches a counter-attack that overwhelms the Byzantines. Cusina panics first and leaves the battlefield, triggering the Byzantines' retreat. John Troglita, intervening personally to revive the courage of his troops, sees his horse shot from under him and, surrounded, has to free himself with his sword. He reforms combat groups and retreats while fighting, pressed by the rebels. He crosses the river again, retreats along the coast, reaching the port of Iunci (Younga). Finally, he finds refuge behind the walls of Laribus for the winter.", "title": "Battle" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "This defeat is a setback for John Troglita, who had embarked on a campaign to eradicate the Berber rebellion. However, his defeat is mitigated by his ability to organize the retreat of his troops and avoid the annihilation of his army. According to Corippus, the author of \"La Johannide,\" an epic dedicated to John Troglita and the primary account of the battle, the defeat is explained by the nature of the terrain and the numerical superiority of the Berbers. Finally, he attributes the success of the Byzantine retreat to the Berbers' inability to organize an effective pursuit, as they are hindered by the size of their herds. After their victory, Procopius notes that the Berber rebels extended their raids to the walls of Carthage and \"exercised horrible cruelties on the inhabitants of the country.\"", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Antalas, upon learning of the victory of the rebels, immediately rises and joins the Tripolitanian tribes the following year. On the other hand, John Troglita manages to rally several Berber leaders, including Cusina, Ifisdaïas, and Iaudas, enabling him to achieve a decisive victory at the Battle of the Fields of Cato and bring an end to the Berber rebellion.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vestmanna ÍF is a Faroese handball club from Vestmanna, that plays in the Burn Menn League.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Titles" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Damaged Goods is an album by the American musician Nils Lofgren, released in 1995. The title track was the first single. Lofgren supported the album with North American and European tours.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The album was produced by Roger Greenawalt, who also played bass. Andy Newmark played drums. Damaged Goods was Lofgren's first album in more than a decade that did not feature guest spots from his more famous musician friends. He wrote most of the songs on acoustic guitar and chose to sing in a lower octave. \"Life\" was cowritten by Lou Reed. Branford Marsalis played saxophone on a few tracks.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Oregonian posited that \"perhaps Nils Lofgren is the American Keith Richards—the soul of rock 'n' roll, North American division.\" The Washington Post noted that \"Damaged Goods has an emotional intensity and racing narrative flow that sets it apart from his previous work,\" and praised the \"typically imaginative guitar work, everything from scorched blues lines to neo-psychedelic sweeps.\" The Chicago Tribune said that \"Lofgren roughs up some typically buoyant tunes with a gruff, bluesy delivery and odd production touches.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Plain Dealer deemed Damaged Goods \"an ambitious, richly textured and eclectic rock record.\" The Philadelphia Inquirer admired \"Lofgren's raggedly tuneful rock and endearingly rickety vocals.\" The Daily Press concluded that \"he's generally good for three or four really good tunes per record, and that's about it.\" The Record considered it one of the best rock albums of 1995.", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "AllMusic wrote that \"Lofgren remains, in essence, a guitar hero, and on the album's 12 tracks, he seems to have spent more time working on the riffs and textures he could get out of his guitars than on anything else.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "France–Palestine relations refer to foreign relations between France and the Palestine. France does not recognize Palestine as an independent country but supports a two state solution.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "France supports the creation of an independent Palestine. France believes Jerusalem should be the shared capital of Israel and a future Palestinian state. France's attempts to introduce resolutions in the United Nations calling for an independent Palestinian state were opposed by the United States. A survey found 78 percent of French people support France recognizing Palestine.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1967 following the Six-Day War, Charles De Gaulle controversially said that when Israel was created \"there were those who feared that the Jews, who through long years of dispersion had remained what they had always been-an elitist people, self-assured and domineering-would once gathered in the site of their former grandeur, transform into a burn for conquest the tender longing of nineteen centuries\". It marked a change in Franc's stance as it started to develop its ties with the Arab world from a realistic perspective. It held talks with the Palestinian Liberation Organization despite it carrying out terrorist attacks in France targeting Israel.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "France provided over €500 million to the Palestinian territory from 2008 to 2017. In March 2023, France condemned Bezalel Smotrich, Minister of Finance of Israel, for saying Palestine was a recent invention in Paris during the memorial service of Jacques Kupfer organized by Israel is forever. He spoke from a podium with a map of Greater Israel containing the Palestinian territories and Jordan.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Alain Gresh described Emmanuel Macron's Renaissance as being anti-Palestinian. On 24 October 2023, France called for a ceasefire in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. Macron criticized the civilian death toll in the conflict. He proposed using the Anti-IS coalition against Hamas which was rejected by the international community. The war showed divisions along ethnic and religious lines in France, which home to more than six million Muslims and the largest Jewish population in Europe. France launched a crackdown on pro-Palestinian groups and banned protests in favor of Palestine after the Hamas attacks.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wacław Adamowicz (1905 – 2 October 1939) was a Polish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in Liga Piłki Nożnej for Legia Warsaw.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Adamowicz served as a captain in the Polish Army during the Second World War. On 2 October 1939, he was killed in action during the Battle of Kock.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2021–22 film awards season began in November 2021 with the Gotham Independent Film Awards 2021 and ended in March 2022 with the 94th Academy Awards.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "René Olivares (born December 24, 1946 in Santiago) is a Chilean painter.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "René Olivares was the son of René Olivares Becerra, a director of publication (Editora Nacional Quimantú and Laura Espínola, paintor. He grew up in Santiago. He didn't like go to school and loved to draw in his father's office. \"I grew up watching magazines and my mother's painting books, in which I discovered the life of the cursed artists in Paris and dreamed of imitating them one day\". When he was 12 Cuando he showed his drawings to the writer Marcela Paz, who was the director of Pandilla's review. She gave her his first job as a drawer.", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "When he was 19, in 1965, he got married and was living in Europe with his wife for five years. They lived in Paris, Roma, Madrid et got back to Chile in 1972.", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1972 René Olivares met Gato Alquinta, the guitarist and vocalist from the folk/progressive rock group Los Jaivas in Providencia. Alquinta liked his drawing of the Indian with the sun in his hands behind the mountains and would like it for a cover's album. But because of the Chilean coup d'état in 1973. The five members of the band with Olivares moved to Argentina and lived in community. So the pintor became the sixth Jaiva.", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1977 the community Los Jaivas, most of 20 people, moved to Europe. They lived in Biarritz, France then in the suburbs of Paris. Los Jaivas began to go on tour : England, Spain, Germany, Italy... In 1982 the band came back to Chile but the Olivares fall in love with a French woman and decided to stay in Paris. \"I am happy to have fulfilled the dream of being a painter in Paris, which I incubated as a child reading my mother's painting books\".", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "René Olivares illustrated for the first time in 1975 a cover's album of Los Jaivas with the drawing of 1973 who represented the indian with the sun in his hands with the album Los Jaivas and he'ill illustrate more than 20 albums. He also created posters and logo. To Eduardo Parra, member of the band : \"There is no Jaivas without René Olivares nor René Olivares without Jaivas. René is the Jaiva with an unknown face and almost nothing known by his followers. However, his pictorial and stellar presence persists in the consciousness of those who like our music. Already imbued with some song, listeners cannot help but remember the incredible landscapes with which the painter wanted to exemplify these sounds\". He also worked as a scenographer for Teatro Aleph, a Theatrical troupe.", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2013, by commemorating the fifty years of artistic life of Los Jaivas René Olivares participated at an exhibition in National Museum of Fine Arts in Santiago. To Teresita Raffray, responsible of the production of temporary exhibitions, it was the first time that there was such a musical presence in the museum.", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2023, by commemorating the sixty years of artistic life of Los Jaivas, the Cultural Foundation Los Jaivas asked to Olivares to create a mural in the subway at Cal y Canto station in Santiago. The structure is 30 meters long and 6 meters high is also a tribute to the Mapocho River, which is above the subway. \"That allowed me to use it as a metaphor a little bit. [...] then shows the story of the river that was filled with stones and shows Lautarito who stole the horses, crossing the water. There are a series of images that correspond to the river. Now, this is a tribute to Los Jaivas, who are the protagonists above\".", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "René Olivares declared in 2013 :", "title": "Biografy" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "I chose to try to be useful so I could justify other artists. And, above all, to respond to a phrase by Paul Éluard that I love: 'A poet is not the inspired but the one who inspires.' When you are not financially successful, suddenly seeing what has been left behind from your work makes you think that all this has not been useless.", "title": "Biografy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Pyrenotrichaceae are a small family of fungi in the order Chaetothyriales. It contains two genera, and a total of six species. The genus Pyrenothrix has two species of bark- or leaf-dwelling lichens, while Neophaeococcomyces has four species of saprobic fungi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The family (originally spelled as Pyrenothricaceae) was proposed by the lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1926 to contain the genera Pyrenothrix and Cyanoporina. Because of the presence of perithecia in this Pyrenothrix species, Aino Henssen suggested that the genus should be in the order Pleosporales in 1964. Ove Eriksson challenged Henssen's classification of Pyrenothrix in 1981, proposing instead that it was closely related to the sooty molds, specifically the family Coccodiniaceae. This repositioning aligns with the characteristics of a filamentous thallus and perithecia, placing Pyrenothrix within the order Chaetothyriales. He classified Pyrenothrichaceae under the class Chaetothyriomycetes and Dothideomycetes incertae sedis in 2004. In a 2005 publication, Herrera-Campos and colleagues, describing a second species of Pyrenothrix, proposed including the genus in Chaetothyriales based on the simple perithecial wall characteristic of the genus. Although DNA sequences for species of Pyrenotrichaceae are lacking, the placement of the family in the Chaetothyriales has been later followed by subsequent authors. Genus Cyanoporina, circumscribed to contain Cyanoporina granulosa in 1951, is now considered to be of uncertain classification in the Pezizomycotina. The second genus of the Pyrenotrichaceae, Neophaeococcomyces, was proposed in 2015. It contains four species of saprobic fungi that live on dead plant bark in terrestrial habitats.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Pyrenotrichaceae comprises lichens that are either corticolous (growing on bark) or foliicolous (growing on leaves). These lichens have a thallus made up of closely packed yet distinct filaments, each comprising unbranched or pseudo-branched photobiont threads (the photosynthetic part of the lichen) encased in a sheath of fungal hyphae. These hyphae are branched and interconnected, consisting of elongated, often curved cells that are pale brownish in colour and sometimes inflated at the ends. The photobiont in these lichens is cyanobacterial, a type of photosynthesizing bacteria.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In terms of reproduction, the sexual morph of Pyrenotrichaceae is characterised by perithecioid ascomata, which are spore-producing structures that are either sessile (attached directly by the base) or immersed among the thallus filaments. These ascomata are typically spherical to pear-shaped and have a short neck, but lack any sort of hair (i.e., they are glabrous). The opening of the ascomata, or ostiole, is not very distinct and contains long, hyaline (translucent) periphysoids (hair-like structures). The excipulum, or outer layer of the ascomata, is thin and made up of multiple layers of cells that vary in width and wall thickness, ranging from thin-walled and hyaline to thick-walled and heavily pigmented. There is no involucrellum, an additional protective layer found in some other lichens.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Inside the ascomata, the structure known as the hamathecium, which is the tissue containing the spore-bearing cells, lacks paraphyses (sterile filaments). This tissue reacts positively to J and KI staining. The asci (spore-producing cells), are fissitunicate (having a two-layered wall that splits open to release the spores), broadly clavate to sac-like in shape, and do not react to J or KI tests, but their lumen (internal cavity) does turn yellow with iodine and pale yellow with potassium iodide. The ascospores produced by the asci typically number eight per ascus and have a transversal septate to muriform (divided into compartments) structure, with a colour ranging from pale to dark grayish-brown.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The asexual morph of Pyrenotrichaceae, which refers to the part of the life cycle where reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes, remains undetermined.", "title": "Description" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eligma is a genus of tuft moths described by Jacob Hübner in 1819.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Telesfor Banaszkiewicz (27 November 1908 – April 1940) was a Polish professional footballer who played as a forward in Liga Piłki Nożnej for Warta Poznań.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Banaszkiewicz graduated from the Poznań University of Economics and Business in 1935 and lived in Katowice. Since 1933, he served as a lieutenant in the 74th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Army. He was executed during the Katyn massacre as part of the Second World War.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alexandru Mandy (né Armand Abram Penchas; August 9, 1914 – October 10, 2005) was a Romanian Jewish composer.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mandy began his first major compositional debut with his Song of the Wind. He often wrote lyrics to prexisting instrumental music, but a majority of his songs consisted of completely original compositions. His soundtrack was sung by Mihaela Mihai [ro] and Sergiu Cioiu [ro].", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was heavily inspired by Romanian artist Constantin Brâncuși. When he was 20, he first discovered Brâncuși's work at a meeting of poet Elena Farago. Many of his pieces, such as the Infinity Column [ro] (song [ro]), Table of silence [ro] (song [ro]), Gate of the kiss [ro] (song [ro]), and Majesty [ro] found their way to be memorialized in Mandy's songs. A lot of his work was also influenced by his pride in his homeland of Romania. In 1966, he composed Your Voice, a tribute to Maria Tănase. Additionally, he performed other pieces influenced by traditional Romanian culture such as Cânt pentru bradul meu (I sing for my tree) and Un grai, o vatră, un isvor (A voice, a hearth, a spring). His piece, Ierusalim, is a tribute to the victims of the Munich Olympic massacre victims.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1966, at the Mamaia National Light Music Festival [ro], he recieved the Seaside Award for The Song of the Wind. Mihai's renditions of The endless column and Under a patch of sky won Mandy the prize of the Union of Romanian Composers and Musicologists [ro].", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Mandy studied at the Faculty of Pharmacy in Bucharest for his tertiary education. Like all Jews of the time in Romania, he was required to wear the Yellow Star of Jude, and primarily focused on work. He was deported to Transnistria in the 1940s during the second half of World War II, and after returning to Romania, became the director of studies at the Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film for the years between 1950 and 1952.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He died in 2005 in a retirement home at Jimbolia in Bucharest. He was buried at the Bucharest Sephardic Jewish Cemetery.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 Sentinel Storage Alberta Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship for Alberta, will be held from January 24 to 28 at the Clancy Richard Arena in St. Paul, Alberta. The winning team will represent Alberta at the 2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Calgary, Alberta.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The teams are listed as follows:", "title": "Teams" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Before Draw 1", "title": "Round-robin standings" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "All draw times are listed in Mountain Time (UTC-07:00).", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Wednesday, January 24, 6:30 pm", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Thursday, January 25, 10:00 am", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Thursday, January 25, 6:30 pm", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Friday, January 26, 10:00 am", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Friday, January 26, 4:00 pm", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Saturday, January 27, 10:00 am", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Saturday, January 27, 6:30 pm", "title": "Round-robin results" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Sunday, January 28, 10:00 am", "title": "Playoffs" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Sunday, January 28, 3:00 pm", "title": "Playoffs" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sayyed Razi Mousavi (Persian: سید رضی موسوی) (1963 – 25 December 2023) was an Iranian general serving in the IRGC's Quds Force. He was killed by an Israeli airstrike in Sayyidah Zaynab, Rif-Dimashq, Syria during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. At the time of his death, Mousavi was described as Iran's most influential military commander in Syria.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mousavi served in Syria under the Iranian paramilitary Quds Force since the 1980s, facilitating the transfer of arms and funds to the Lebanese paramilitary group Hezbollah. In 1990, he assumed the role of the head of the Iranian logistical division in Syria, known as Unit 2250. Throughout the Syrian civil war, Mousavi faced multiple assassination attempts orchestrated by Israel.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was killed on 25 December 2023, in a targeted Israeli airstrike at his residence in Sayyidah Zaynab, 10 km (6 mi) south of Damascus, amid the Israel–Hamas war. His death marks the highest-ranking killing of a senior Iranian military official since the assassination of Qasem Soleimani.", "title": "Death" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Iranian president Ebrahim Raisi called Mousavi's killing \"a sign of the Zionist regime's frustration and weakness in the region for which it will certainly pay the price\". Syrian foreign minister Faisal Mekdad also condemned the attack.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Attorney General of Ethiopia (Amharic: ጠቅላይ ዐቃቢ ህግ) is a law official that ensures law and prosecutes criminal investigation under Council of Ministers Proclamation No.943/2016. It was established in 2015 with Getachew Ambaye serving as the first attorney general from 2016 to 2018. The Attorney General is appointed by the House of Peoples' Representatives (HPR) and the deputy Attorney General is appointed by the Prime Minister.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The current Attorney General is Gedeon Timotheos since 12 November 2021.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Attorney General position was created in 2015 when the Ministry of Justice transformed into the Federal Attorney General Office regulated by the Council of Ministers' Proclamation No.260/2012. Under cited Federal Attorney General Proclamation No.943/2016, Attorney General is the head of Federal Attorney General appointed by the House of Peoples' Representatives (HPR) and the deputy Attorney General is appointed by the Prime Minister. The Federal Attorney General is located in Addis Ababa and empowered to ensure law and order by investigating criminal investigations. Under the legal framework, the office of Attorney General is fully political appointee and superficial part of cabinet fully responsible for the head of the government. The office performs two major functions; giving legal advice to the government and prosecuting crimes. The Ethiopian constitution does not mention the Attorney General is fully independent, instead it is accountable for political institution.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first Attorney General was Getachew Ambaye, who previously served as the minister of Justice and the predecessor administrative of the Attorney General in 2016 until 2018. Former EPRDF veteran Berhanu Tsegaye had served as the second Attorney General until 2020. He was succeeded by Adanech Abebe, who served as acting attorney general from 12 March to 18 August. The current attorney general is Gedeon Timotheos since 2 November 2021. He was a priest of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Qemberxanim (Chinese: 康巴尔汗·艾买提; alternatively romanized as Kangba'erhan, Qambarkhan, or Kemberhan Emet; c. 1914 – March 1994) was a Uyghur dancer and choreographer.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Qemberxanim was born in Kashgar, Xinjiang. In 1927, due to financial constraints, the family moved to the Soviet Union to stay with relatives. In 1935, she was admitted to the Soviet Uzbekistan Ballet School, and two years later she was admitted to the Red Flag Song and Dance Ensemble in Tashkent. She also studied at Almaty Dance School and Moscow Dance Academy in the Soviet Union. She participated in the solo dance \"Boat Song\" in the large-scale musical Annal Khan, and was the lead dancer in the trio dance and group dance. In 1939, she was admitted to the Moscow Academy of Music and Dance Art, where she studied Ukrainian folk dance, Russian classical dance and folk dance, and Azerbaijani dance. During her studies, she once performed on the same stage in the Kremlin with Soviet dancer Galina Ulanova and others. The Uyghur solo dance \"Linpa Dai,\" performed by Kangbal Khan, won her acclaim. After graduating in 1941, she returned to Tashkent to work with the Red Flag Song and Dance Ensemble.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In April 1942, Qemberxanim returned to Xinjiang. In May 1942, she participated in the song and dance competition of 14 ethnic groups in Xinjiang held in Dihua (now Ürümqi). She and her sister, Guli Leranmu, won first place for their dance performances such as \"Linpadai\" and \"Ushak.\" In September 1947, she went to Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Taiwan and other places to perform with the Xinjiang Youth Song and Dance Troupe. She was known as the \"Flower of Xinjiang\". During her performance in Shanghai, she met with Dai Ailian and Mei Lanfang.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1949, she performed at a gala to welcome the Chinese People's Liberation Army to Xinjiang and was encouraged by the country's leaders. Several of her dances, including \"Drumming\", \"Linpadai\", and \"Plate Dance\", were included in the film documentary Long Live the Great Unity of All Ethnic Groups. In 1950, she went to Beijing as a representative of Xinjiang to participate in National Day activities and was received by Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders. In the early 1950s, she choreographed the dances \"The Liberated Girl\", \"Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea\", and adapted the \"Liberation Army Dance\". In 1956, she visited the Soviet Union with the Chinese Dance Investigation Team. She successively served as the director of the ethnic department of Northwest Arts College, the director of the art department of Xinjiang University, the vice president of Xinjiang Art School, the chair of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Dancers Association, and the vice chair of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Federation of Literary and Art Circles. At the Fourth National Congress of Cultural and Art Circles, she was elected vice chair of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and vice chair of the Chinese Dancers Association. She was the vice chair of the 4th to 6th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. She was also a member of the 5th to 6th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In October 1992, an art foundation named after her was established.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "She died in March 1994.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bóthar Buí (Irish for 'yellow road') may refer to several places on the island of Ireland:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rex: A Dinosaur's Story (Japanese: REX 恐竜物語, Hepburn: REX: Kyōryū monogatari) is a 1993 Japanese film directed by Haruki Kadokawa, based on a manga written by Masanori Hata and illustrated by Clamp. The film stars Yumi Adachi as Chie, a young girl who befriends a young Tyrannosaurus rex after it hatches from an egg co-discovered by her paleontologist father (Tsunehiko Watase).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film's dinosaur effects were provided by Italian effects artist Carlo Rambaldi.", "title": "Production" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Òscar Gistau Ferreño (born March 8, 2005) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a striker for Barcelona.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gistau is a native of Salou, Spain.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Gistau joined the youth academy of Spanish La Liga side Barcelona, where he was regarded as one of the club's most important players.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Gistau mainly operates as a striker and has been described as \"characteristics include his great aerial game, his powerful shot and a goal-scoring nose\".", "title": "Style of play" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Gistau is the son of Spanish footballer Coque Gistau.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Karin Strauss is a Brazilian-American computer engineer, a senior principal research manager at Microsoft Research, and an affiliate professor in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington. Her research concerns computer architecture, green computing, and unconventional computing including DNA digital data storage.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "When Strauss and Luis Ceze were undergraduates together at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, they visited several research institutions in the US, were jointly recruited to internships at IBM Research by José E. Moreira. Strauss earned bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering at the University of São Paulo in 2001 and 2002, and, with Ceze, took Moreira's offer, eventually staying at IBM for 13 months instead of the planned three months. Following this, they became doctoral students at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Strauss completed her Ph.D. in 2007; her dissertation, Cache Coherence in Embedded-Ring Multiprocessors, was supervised by Josep Torrellas; she also credits Xiaowei Shen as being \"practically my co-advisor\".", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Following the completion of their doctorates, Ceze joined the University of Washington in 2007, while Strauss worked at AMD for two years before joining Microsoft Research in 2009, solving their two-body problem as both the University of Washington and Microsoft Research are located in Seattle. Together they co-direct the Molecular Information Systems Laboratory, a joint research project of Microsoft Research and the University of Washington.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Strauss and Ceze were the joint recipients of the 2020 Maurice Wilkes Award, for their work on DNA storage, the first time the award was given jointly. Strauss was named an IEEE Fellow, in the 2024 class of fellows, \"for contributions to storage systems\".", "title": "Recognition" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Montaner is a frazione in Italy located in the commune of Sarmede, Province of Treviso. The village is notable for being the location of the Schism of Montaner, following the dispute over the appointment of a local priest. The last Italian census in 2011 recorded the population as 922, the population estimate by the Italian Episcopal Conference is 1,262.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "During the middle ages in Italy, Montaner was the location of the founding of one of the oldest dynasties in the Treviso region, entitled the \"da Camino\" (Medieval Italian: \"da Montanara\") before transferring to Oderzo.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1966, Giuseppe Faè, the parish priest, died. Following this a election dispute between Giovanni Gava supported by the bishop of Vittorio Veneto, and Giovanni Gava supported by the villagers. Following this Giovanni Gava arrived but was blocked by local villagers. Following this the Eastern Orthodox Church of Montaner was founded under the Byzantine rite, the resulting schism is known as the Schism of Montaner.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The church suffered a fire on 14 December 2013 which made it unusable and subsequently demolished. While waiting for the reconstruction of a new church, religious services are celebrated at the church of Santa Cecilia in Borgo Val by the Catholic community.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Victor Zakharovich Aladjev (Belarusian: Віктар Захаравіч Алад'еў; born June 14, 1942) is an Estonian mathematician and cybernetician, creator of the scientific school on the theory of homogeneous structures.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Victor Aladjev was born in 1942 in Grodno to parents Zakhar Ivanovich Aladjev and Maria Adolfovna Novogrotska. His father participated in the underground resistance organization during World War II while in German-occupied Grodno.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Aladjev attended University of Grodno in 1959, later transferring to the University of Tartu, Estonia in 1962, where he earned his degree in mathematics in 1966. Subsequently, he entered the graduate school of the Estonian Academy of Sciences in 1969, achieving a doctorate in mathematics (DSc) in 1972, specializing in Theoretical Cybernetics and Technical Cybernetics. His doctoral work focused on the mathematical theory of homogeneous structures, resulting in the award of a DSc under the guidance of Professor Richard E. Bellman.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1970, Aladjev became the President of the Tallinn Research Group (TRG), contributing to the mathematical theory of homogeneous structures, particularly Cellular Automata (CA). Between 1972 and 1990, Aladjev held various senior positions in design, technological, and research organizations in Tallinn.", "title": "Scientific career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "His involvement in international mathematical publications includes serving as a referent and editorial board member for Zentralblatt für Mathematik since 1972 and being a member of International Association of Mathematical Modeling (IAMM) since 1980. In 1993, he was elected to the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) working group on the mathematical theory of homogeneous structures and its applications.", "title": "Scientific career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1994, Aladjev was honored with election as an academician of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics and the International Academy of Noosphere (IAN). The following year, in 1995, he achieved full membership in the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). By 1998, he rose to the position of First Vice-president of the IAN.", "title": "Scientific career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Aladjev is the author of more than 500 scientific works, including 90 monographs, textbooks, and articles. Particularly noteworthy is his 1972 monograph on the theory of homogeneous structures, acknowledged as one of the finest monographic publications by the Estonian Academy of Sciences. It received recognition in the Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology. This monograph not only unveiled numerous original findings, but also introduced fundamental terminology on cellular automata, now widely accepted in the field.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Aladjev is a member of the editorial boards of a number of scientific journals. He created the Estonian School for the mathematical theory of homogeneous structures, whose fundamental results received international recognition and have made certain contributions in the basis of a new division of the modern mathematical cybernetics. He also created the UserLib6789 library of new software (more than 850 tools) for which he was won the Smart Award network award, and a large unified MathToolBox package (more than 1420 tools) for Maple and Mathematica systems.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "As part of the Visiting Professor program, Aladjev collaborated with various universities in the computer science, delivering lectures on Maple and Mathematica systems. In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded the Gold Medal European Quality in May 2015 by the European Scientific & Industrial Consortium (ESIC). Aladjev's work on cellular automata gained acknowledgment, with one publication listed in the top 100 e-books in discrete mathematics by BookAuthority.", "title": "Research" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Apart from his academic pursuits, Aladjev actively participated in the annual international sport events (Spartakiad) from 1976 to 1990, achieving success and winning several medals in athletics and volleyball.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dalkey Castle (Irish: Caisleá Deilginis), formerly known as Goat Castle, is a medieval structure in Castle Street, Dalkey, Dublin, Ireland. The complex currently accommodates the Dalkey Heritage Centre, in the castle itself, and Dalkey Town Hall, which is formed by a single storey extension behind the original building.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The building was commissioned by local merchants as a fortified warehouse to protect goods being transported to and from central Dublin. It was designed in the typical Norman style, built in rubble masonry and was completed in around 1390. The merchants built a total of seven castles, of which the only other surviving example is Archbold's Castle. The design involved a three-storey structure facing onto Castle Street. It was fenestrated by lancet windows and featured machicolation and castellation on all sides. Internally, the principal rooms were a chamber with a vaulted ceiling on the ground floor, and two further large spaces on the first and second floors.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The castle was acquired by the Chevers family in the 17th century and became known as Goat Castle (Chevre being French for goat). Walter Chevers lived there until he died in 1678. It was subsequently owned by the Allen family until it passed to Sir William Mayne in the mid-18th century.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After significant population growth, largely associated with its development as a residential suburb of Dublin, the township of Dalkey appointed town commissioners in 1863. The new town commissioners acquired the castle and used the first floor space as a council chamber from 1869. In around 1890, the town commissioners decided to erect an extension to accommodate public meetings: a new single-storey building was constructed, extending back for six bays along White's Villas. It was accessed through the ground floor of the castle and became known as \"Dalkey Town Hall\". In 1899, the town commissioners were replaced by an urban district council, with the first floor space in the castle becoming the meeting place of the new council. However, the castle ceased to be the local seat of government in 1930, when Dalkey became part of the borough of Dún Laoghaire.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The town hall became an important venue for public meetings: the Irish republican and leader of Fianna Fáil, Éamon de Valera, gave a speech at a political rally in the town hall in the 1930s. It was also a venue for concerts and the theatrical performances: the dramatist, Hugh Leonard, was inspired to write plays after attending a performance of The Colleen Bawn by Dion Boucicault in the town hall in the 1940s. The castle was restored in the mid-1990s and incorporated into a new heritage centre for the town which was officially opened there on 18 June 1998.", "title": "History" } ]

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