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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Achraf Laâziri (Arabic: أشرف العزيري; born 8 July 2003) is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Ligue 2 club Dunkerque, on loan from Lyon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Laâziri joined the youth academy of FUS Rabat in 2017, and made his senior debut with them in the Botola in 2022. On 5 May 2022, he moved to Lyon on a 4-year contract and was originally assigned to their reserves. On 14 February 2023, he extended his contract with Lyon until 2027. On 16 November 2023, he joined Ligue 2 club Dunkerque on loan for the remainder of the 2023–24 season.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Laâziri was part of the Morocco U23s that played at the 2023 Maurice Revello Tournament.", "title": "International career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nellie King Solomon (born September 14, 1971) is an American contemporary painter best known for her large-scale abstract gestural paintings on Mylar. Her work explores ideas of space, environment, control, loss of control, materials, and movement. It is said she makes \"beautiful pictures of terrible things.\"", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Solomon paints her abstract works by sometimes pouring and often times pushing paint, inks, and other materials, sometimes toxic, such as asphalt and soda ash over translucent Mylar using custom tools.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Solomon's art practice straddles several different art movements while being wholly contemporary, including the Light and Space movement, Finish Fetish Movement, and Color Field Painting.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Nellie King Solomon was born in 1971 in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco, California to two prominent San Francisco residents; architect Daniel Solomon and iconic artist and designer Barbara Stauffacher Solomon (Bobbie), creator of Supergraphics. Her family has extensive roots in the California creative community. In an interview with The Project for Women, Solomon says \"I come from a family of designers, authors, tv writers, hat makers, pianists and shrinks. In short, generations of Californian creative professionals who made their livings off their wits and taste.\"", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Although the child of notable individuals, her youth was full of challenging experiences. Solomon struggled to keep up in French school without realizing she had dyslexia. She was subsequently kicked out of school and shortly thereafter learned she was dyslexic. Also in her youth, Solomon spent years training in ballet, but again struggled in her training when issues with her feet forced her to cease her practice.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "For high school, Solomon attended the Urban School in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. While in school Solomon decided to follow in her father's footsteps and become involved with architecture, choosing to work on an architectural restoration project in Venice, Italy. Also during her high school years Solomon worked as an artist assistant to David Ireland.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "For undergraduate university studies, Solomon was accepted into the highly competitive Cooper Union’s School of Architecture in New York City — but left after two years of sexual harassment by a deputy administrator. Following her departure from Cooper Union, Solomon took a gap year studying and travelling. She spent time studying and working in sustainable development and agriculture in Santa Cruz. She lived in New York, Paris, and Barcelona before ultimately deciding to return to California to study art.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Upon her return to California, Solomon completed a BA in Art from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and received her Masters in Fine Art at the California College of the Arts alongside contemporary artist and classmate Alexandra Grant. Solomon was a professor of art at Stanford University and California College of the Arts.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2001, then recently out of grad school, Solomon had her first solo show which garnered critical praise even from the hard-to-please SF Chronicle art critic Kenneth Baker. His glowing critique of her first show also laid down a challenge: \"Her show is a powerful debut that will be hard for her to follow\" said Baker. Solomon laughed at his challenge and decided to face it head on.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Since her first solo exhibition, Solomon's work has continued to evolve to meet Baker's challenge. Her work is said to encompass both the micro and macro -- sometime in complete abstraction and at other times with narrative visuals incorporated into them. In a review by David M. Roth, Roth says \"it’s impossible to say whether you’re seeing a magnified view of a molecular reaction or a vision of the Earth’s crust from outer space\" and in that sense sees her work as closely related to the photographs of Edward Burtynsky and David Maisel.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In either case, critics have placed Solomon's work firmly in the art canon of abstract painting. Roth provides further context by indicating her work has elements of \"the free-form splatter of Jackson Pollock, the staining of Helen Frankenthaler, the gravity-based dripping of Pat Steir, the hybrid smearing techniques invented by Ed Moses and the gritty surfaces of early Sam Francis.\"", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Separately, art critic Kenneth Baker agrees and places her work firmly among the paintings of Sam Francis, Morris Louis and Helen Frankenthaler and further believes that Solomon's narrow strip series, \"recall the marks left by melting ice in Andy Goldsworthy's icicle drawings.\"", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Although Solomon's work shares elements with modernist abstract painters, she is also actively rebelling against them. In a published catalog for an exhibition with Ochi Projects, her work is described as \"engaging with the history of painting in a challenging and combative style.\" Solomon provides further context for her work stating \"because I grew up in architecture ...that sort of high modernism [is something] I both play off of and rebel against.\" Further insight into her work is illustrated in an interview with The Project for Women, Solomon says \"My work is like reaching into a dark velvet bag and pulling out everything you’re not suppose to talk about.\"", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Solomon’s work has been featured in the Huffington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, Hyperallergic, Wallpaper, Harvard Review, Zyzzyva, Art in America, San Francisco Examiner, Art Practical, ArtBlitzLA, NYTheatre, and Architectural Digest, among other publications.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "In 2019, Solomon made the major decision to move her art practice from San Francisco to Los Angeles.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Solomon often uses her past training to inform her art process. Solomon makes her paintings on a substrate of Mylar which is heavily used in architectural drawing and comes directly out of her training as an architect.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "As a self confessed surfer, Solomon credits the incredible physical process of painting large scale works with her surfing practice and prior training in ballet. “My growing up as a ballet dancer very much affects the way I hop around spaces and crawl over my table and push and pull the paint. I’m very physical with it,”", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Her paintings often incorporate bold colors which art critic Kenneth Baker believes \"yield[s] something that eludes most painters working in this vein: the sense of color displaying itself.\"", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Although straddling several movements including Light and Space movement, Finish Fetish Movement, and Color Field Painting, her work does not fit comfortably into any single movement.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Her work is often shown in equal conversation alongside: Sam Francis, Ed Moses, Louise Nelson, Chihuly, Jim Dine,, Anthony James, Peter Alexander, Robert Arneson, Roy de Forest, Carl Benjamin, Wally Hedrick, Tony Berlant, Andy Moses, Chuck Arnoldi, Deborah Oropallo, and Jimi Gleason.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Nellie King Solomon is an essential collaborator for her iconic nonagenarian mother Barbara Stauffacher Solomon (Bobbie), often acting as both installation facilitator, creator and career manager. The two have had numerous exhibitions together, maintain similar influences, but remain distinct in their approaches to art making.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Their similarities include both being trained in architecture, although neither were ever licensed. They both create rules and grids and then challenge them. They both rely on Cartesian coordinates, but with very different purposes.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Although both artists chare similar influences, Nellie King Solomon, often rebels from the hard-edged Swiss graphic design and modernist work of her mother.", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "In a review by Pacific Sun Newspaper for their show SUPER-SILLY-US, writer Owen explains “Solomon’s work is abstract and irreverent, and has a kind of relationship to movement and the body. Bobbie’s work is really informed by her meticulous training in Swiss graphic design with set rules behind it. That said, they were both trained as architects, and it’s interesting to see how each of them has taken that interest and translated it in very different ways through visual art.”", "title": "Work and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Among others, Solomon has had two person and solo exhibitions at", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Group exhibitions have featured her work at", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Among public and private collections holding work by Solomon are", "title": "Collections" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "Solomon has been nominated for the SECA award multiple times. The SECA Art Award distinguishes Bay Area artists whose work, at the time of nomination, has not received substantial recognition from a major institution.", "title": "Awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Category:1971 births Category:20th-century American painters Category:20th-century American women painters Category:21st-century American women painters Category:Abstract painters Category:Cooper Union alumni Category:Painters from San Francisco Category:Artists from San Francisco", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Central District of Zarach County (Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان زارچ) is in Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Zarach, whose population at the 2016 National Census was 11,691 in 3,388 households.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In February 2023, Zarach District was separated from Yazd County in the establishment of Zarach County, which was divided into two districts and three rural districts, with Zarach as its capital and only city.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Women's football in Iceland is growing in popularity.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Besta deild kvenna is the highest tier of women's football in Iceland.", "title": "Club football" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since the 21st Century Iceland has seen an upsurge of success with the national team qualifying for the UEFA Women's Championship four times and their greatest achievement was reaching the quarter finals of UEFA Women's Euro 2013.", "title": "International team" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2022 season was Santa Cruz's 109th season in the club's history. Santa Cruz competed in the Campeonato Pernambucano, Série D and Copa do Nordeste.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Squad" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Source: Santa Cruz official website", "title": "Statistics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Prema Parva is a 1983 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by S. Siddalingaiah starring his son Murali and Bhavya in their film debut.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film was a box office success. Although the film was successful, it was not as successful as Siddalingaiah hoped it would be and shattered his hope. The film was remade in Tamil as Poovilangu (1984), which catapulted Murali to stardom in Tamil cinema.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Murali's entry into films was debated at home, but his mother encouraged his father to direct his debut film. While shooting in Malleshwaram, Bengaluru, a bystander yelled \"Yeno kariya, neenu act madtiya\" (What dark fellow, are you acting?).", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The soundtrack was composed by Rajan–Nagendra.", "title": "Soundtrack" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 LEN Euro Cup Knockout stage details the matches played to decide the champion of the tournament.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The knockout phase involves 16 teams: the 8 teams which qualified as winners and runners-up of each of the eight groups in the group stage, and the eight third and fourth placed teams from the Champions League group stage.", "title": "Qualified teams" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Qualified teams" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Qualified teams" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The draw took place in Barcelona on 15 December 2023. The teams were split into two draws, one containing the four teams who finished fourth in the Champions League group stage, who would be pitted up against a Euro Cup group winner. The other half of the draw would see the third place teams from the Champions League group stage be drawn against a runner up of the Euro Cup group stage", "title": "Draw" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bozena Obrová (1927–1975) was a Slovakian film, stage and television actress. She played the female lead in several Czechoslovakian films, including Katka (1950)", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Apollo and Marsyas may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Laurence Edward Monaghan (born 19 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby union international.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Monaghan, educated at East Hills Boys High School in Sydney, was a fullback and winger with a skilful kicking game.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Capped 17 times for the Wallabies in the 1970s, Monaghan made his debut on the wing against England at Twickenham. He was later a member of the 1975–76 tour of Britain, Ireland, where he featured in all four Tests against the home nations. On the 1978 Wales tour of Australia, he kicked a famous drop goal for Sydney, from 45-metres and near the sideline, which put them ahead with two minutes remaining.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eduard Dubský (1911–1989) was a Czech film, stage and television actor. He was born as Eduard Neckář in Jihlava, then part of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire. He acted in a variety of theatres around the country. Following the end of the Occupation of Czechoslovakia he began acting in films in a mixture of lead and supporting roles.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sack of Córdoba may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Warrior's Camera: The Cinema of Akira Kurosawa is a 1991 non-fiction book by Stephen Prince, published by Princeton University Press, discussing Akira Kurosawa's films from the beginning until 1985. Prior to the publication of this book, there was only one other scholarly book work, The Films of Akira Kurosawa, chronicling the whole collection of Kurosawa's works.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The book relies on sources from Western countries, and does not rely on Japanese sources.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The book groups its content thematically instead of chronologically.", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Joanne R. Bernardi of Ibaraki University stated that the book \"is a valuable study\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Arthur Noletti, Jr. of Framingham State College described the book as \"ambitious\", and that it is \"thoughtful, stimulating, and rigorous\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jirón Áncash is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón de la Unión at the Puente de Piedra, and continues until it reaches the Óvalo de la Paz.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The road that today constitutes the street was laid by Francisco Pizarro when he founded the city of Lima on January 18, 1535. In the 16th century, the Church of San Francisco was built. An event of repercussion recounted by several chroniclers would happen there. They point out that during the earthquake of 1630, an image of the Virgin Mary turned her face towards the main altar of the church just at the moment the movement stopped. The people of Lima, within their Catholicism, interpreted that the mother of Christ turned to see the saint and appease the fury of her son who was causing the earthquake. Given this fact, the Miracle Chapel (Spanish: Capilla del Milagro) was built on the same site it occupies now. Likewise, the Colegio Mayor de San Felipe y San Marcos was founded on that road, which would later be refounded in the Convictorio de San Carlos. The San Ildefonso School was also located on that same block.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "During the 17th and 18th centuries, several monasteries were founded on this road. In 1808, outside the Gate of Wonders (Spanish: Portada de Maravillas), where this street ended, the Presbítero Maestro Cemetery was built, the first general cemetery in Lima. In 1956, El Ángel Cemetery was built. This motivated the sector of Jirón Áncash where both cemeteries are located to be called Cemetery Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Cementerio).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1862, when a new urban nomenclature was adopted, the road was named jirón Áncash, after the department of Áncash. Prior to this renaming, each block (cuadra) had a unique name:", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1868 the Walls of Lima collapsed and with them the gate disappeared. At the end of the 19th century, the Desamparados station was established as the main railway station of the Central Railway that penetrated towards the Andes to the city of Huancayo.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2022 Timika killings or the Timika massacre, was the killing of four Papuans near the city of Timika, by members of the Indonesian Army in August 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On 22 August 2022, Indonesian soldiers arrested Iwaka villagers: Irian Nirigi, Arnold Lokbere, Atis Tini and Kelemanus Nirigi, for allegedly attempting to buy weapons from them in Timika. They shot them dead, dismembered their bodies and stuffed them in sacks which they then threw in the Pigapu river.", "title": "Killings" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On August 26, the bodies were discovered in the Pigapu river not far from Timika.", "title": "Killings" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In August 2022 Mimika military police identified 10 anonymous suspects. From 29 August to 17 September 2022, 9 of the 10 suspects were arrested, four of them being civilians one of them being a wanted fugitive and the other six being active soldiers, the soldiers being a captain, a major and four privates.", "title": "Trial" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 15 February 2023 a military court sentenced four of the six soldiers, two of them were sentenced to life and the other two were sentenced to 15 and 20 years respectively.", "title": "Trial" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Allahabad District (Persian: بخش الهآباد) is in Zarach County of Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darbid, whose population at the National Census of 2016 was 299 in 92 households.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Teresa Abi-Nader Dahlberg (born 1961) is an American academic administrator and engineering professor who is the incoming eleventh president of the University of Tampa. She has worked as the provost of Texas Christian University since 2019.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Abi-Nader was born in 1961 and raised near Uniontown, Pennsylvania in a Lebanese American family of six children. She earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. She completed a master's degree and Ph.D. in computer engineering from North Carolina State University. Her 1993 dissertation was titled, Dependability Evaluation of Large Systems with Dependent Failures Using a Hierarchical Network Model.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Dahlberg worked at IBM for ten years. From 1995 to 2013, she was the associate dean of the college of computing and informatics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. She was a principal investigator who researched computer education, computing, and wireless networking. She worked as the chief academic officer and dean of the Albert Nerken School of Engineering at Cooper Union from 2013 to 2015. From 2015 to 2019, Dahlberg worked as the dean of the college of engineering and computer science at Syracuse University. She was also a professor of electrical engineering and computer science while at Syracuse. On March 1, 2019, Dahlberg became the provost and vice chancellor for academic affairs of Texas Christian University. In December 2023, she was named as the incoming eleventh president of the University of Tampa. She succeeds Ronald L. Vaughn on June 1, 2024.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Andrés Finguerut is a former United Nations civil servant, successively secretary of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs, secretary of the International Narcotics Control Board (2011-2020) and chief of the drug prevention and health branch at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2020-2023).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After graduating a M.A. in development economics, Finguerut started working as civil servant at the United Nations Office at Vienna.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Finguerut was appointed Secretary of the United Nations' Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) in 2004, under the Commissions Secretariat Section of the UNODC's Division for Treaty Affairs. He remained in that position until 2011 when he was replaced by Jo Dedyne-Aman.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2011, Finguerut was appointed Secretary of the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) by Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon, in replacement of Jonathan Lucas. Fingerut was INCB secretary during the chairmanship of Hamid Ghodse, at times of prime relevance for the institution, characterized by an increased diplomatic presence. He was Secretary until 30 June 2020. Upon his departure, the INCB released a communiqué to:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "express its appreciation to Mr. Finguerut for his almost nine years at the helm of the INCB secretariat, and for his service to the Board in strengthening international drug control, and in responding to the emerging challenges and the changing nature of the world drug problem.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In June 2020, Finguerut joined the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) as chief of the \"Drug Prevention and Health Branch\" under Director-General Ghada Waly. In that position, he was involved in various working groups with governments and civil society.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "As CND Secretary, Finguerut was criticized some civil society groups, including Human Rights Watch, for banning non-governmental organizations from access to the main negotiating forum of the commission.", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "During Finguerut's term as INCB Secretary, he maintained conflictual relations with some countries, particularly in the case of Bolivia after its withdrawal from the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs in 2011 and subsequent reservation on coca leaf the next year. Finguerut also opposed countries like Uruguay and Canada after their decisions to legalize cannabis for non-medical use.", "title": "Criticism" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "His nomination as head of the health section of UNODC at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized for his lack of qualifications in health-related sciences.", "title": "Criticism" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "HD 10390 (HR 490; 51 H. Trinaguli) is a solitary star located in the northern constellation Triangulum. It is faintly visible to the naked eye as a bluish-white hued point of light with an apparent magnitude of 5.64. The object is located relatively close at a distance of 292 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements and it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −1.9 km/s. At its current distance, HD 10390's brightness is diminished by an interstellar extinction of only five-hundredths of a magnitude and it has an absolute magnitude of +1.00.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "HD 10390 has a stellar classification of B9 IV-V, indicating that it is a slightly evolved B-type star with a luminosity class intermediate between a subgiant and a main sequence star. Osawa (1959) gave a class of B9 V, instead indicating that it is an ordinary B-type main-sequence star that is generating energy via hydrogen fusion at its core. It has 2.62 times the mass of the Sun and 2.14 times the radius of the Sun. It radiates 51.5 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,076 K. HD 10390 is metal defecient with an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = −0.2 or 63.1% of the Sun's and it spins modestly with a projected rotational velocity of 45 km/s, well below its critical velocity of 355 km/s. Despite the first classification, HD 10390 has only completed 16.8% of its main sequence lifetime at the age of approximately 50 million years.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Christ Giving the Keys to Saint Peter may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Darbid Rural District (Persian: دهستان دربید) is in Allahabad District of Zarach County, Yazd province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Darbid, whose population at the 2016 National Census was 299 in 92 households.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In February 2023, the Zarach District was separated from Yazd County in the establishment of Zarach County, which was divided into two districts and three rural districts, with Zarach as its capital and only city.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Benjamin Gumbs may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ana Lisa Hedstrom (b. 1943, Detroit) is an American fiber artist. She is best known for incorporating traditional Japanese shibori into her work. She attended Mills College. She continued her studies at Kyoto City University of Arts. Hedstrom learned the traditional dying technique of shibori from Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada at a workshop at the Fiberworks Center for the Textile Arts.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Her work is in the collection of the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, the Museum of Arts and Design, the Oakland Museum of California.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2003 Hedstrom was named a fellow of the American Craft Council.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Gold Coast City Council election will be held on 16 March 2024 to elect a mayor and 14 councillors in the City of Gold Coast, a local government area in Queensland, Australia. It will be held in concurrent with the Queensland local elections.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Incumbent Mayor Tom Tate is set to seek a record fourth term in office.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Todd Conrad Gilcrist Jr. (born February 20, 1989) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for the University of Chicago, a position he has held since 2022. He also coached for Maine Maritime, Thiel, Carnegie Mellon, Columbia, and Holy Cross. He played college football for Duquesne and Pittsburgh.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 24th WhatsOnStage Awards is scheduled to take place on Sunday 11 February 2024 at the London Palladium.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The nominees for the 24th WhatsOnStage Awards were announced on 7 December 2023 by The Time Traveller's Wife stars Hiba Elchikhe and Tim Mahendran at the Apollo Theatre. Voting will close on 11 January 2024.", "title": "Winners and nominees" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Just Getting Started (Czech: Práve zacínáme) is a 1946 Czech comedy film directed by Vladimír Slavínský and starring Jaroslav Marvan, Jindrich Plachta and Meda Valentová. It was shot at the Radlice Studios in Prague. The film's sets were designed by the art director Štěpán Kopecký.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla is a flavored soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company, an American multinational beverage corporation known for its iconic Coca-Cola brand. This specific variant, Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla, combines the classic flavors of Coca-Cola with the sweet and tangy notes of cherry and the smooth, creamy undertones of vanilla.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla was first introduced to the market as a limited-time offering, aiming to provide consumers with a unique and refreshing twist on the traditional Coca-Cola formula. The beverage was crafted to appeal to those seeking a harmonious blend of cola with the added complexity of cherry and vanilla flavors.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Upon its initial release, Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla garnered attention for its innovative flavor combination. Consumers appreciated the balance of the familiar cola taste with the added hints of cherry and vanilla, creating a distinctive and enjoyable drinking experience.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla is crafted using a proprietary blend of natural and artificial flavors to achieve the desired taste profile. The cola base is infused with cherry essence, providing a burst of fruity sweetness, while the addition of vanilla contributes a creamy and smooth undertone.", "title": "Product Formulation" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla is typically available in various packaging formats, including standard cans, bottles, and fountain drinks at select restaurants and convenience stores. The packaging design often features the iconic Coca-Cola branding with specific visual cues highlighting the cherry and vanilla elements.", "title": "Packaging and Availability" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Throughout its existence, Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla has been released as both a limited-time offering and a special edition product. The periodic reappearances of this flavor variant have contributed to its appeal, creating anticipation among consumers.", "title": "Limited-Time Releases and Special Editions" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla has become a notable player in the diverse lineup of Coca-Cola products. Its popularity has led to its inclusion in various marketing campaigns and promotions, solidifying its status as a recognizable and beloved choice among soft drink enthusiasts.", "title": "Cultural Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "- Coca-Cola - List of Coca-Cola variants and products", "title": "See Also" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "[Include relevant citations and sources to support the information presented in the article.]", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "This Wikipedia article provides a brief overview of Coca-Cola Cherry Vanilla, its history, formulation, packaging, limited-time releases, and cultural impact. It is important to note that the content should be based on verifiable information from reliable sources to ensure accuracy and credibility.", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Land of Owls is a 2021 American romantic drama film directed by Patrick Letterii, starring Emma Duncan, David Rysdahl, Ricardo Davila, Ronald Peet, Jasmin Walker and Blake DeLong.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film was released on Apple TV, iTunes and Amazon on 17 August 2021.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Benjamin Franz of Film Threat gave the film a score of 8/10 and praised the script, the direction and the performances.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Trudy Root of the Video Librarian rated the film 3 stars out of 4 and wrote, \"A quiet thoughtful film, Land of Owls is a strong optional choice.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "André Hereford of Metro Weekly rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote that the film \"evokes the tranquility and reflection one might garner on a hot, lazy weekend spent at a rustic Catskills retreat.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Madonna and Child with Two Donors may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jirón Callao is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón Sancho de Rivera and continues until it reaches the Jirón de la Unión, next to the Plaza de Armas.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The road that today constitutes the street was laid by Francisco Pizarro when he founded the city of Lima on January 18, 1535. Until the 16th century, this road only had six blocks, the last two being formed at the beginning of the 17th century. This street had the particularity of being the gateway of the viceroys to the city. Thus, on the occasion of the entry of a new viceroy to the city, a welcoming ceremony was held in the last block of this road (current sixth block). Previously, the viceroy spent the night in the Monserrate Convent which was located two blocks further west (current eighth block) and the next day they entered the city. The first viceroy to receive this ceremony was Martín Enríquez de Almanza in 1581 and this custom lasted until 1801 when viceroy Gabriel de Avilés y del Fierro arrived, that is, 42 viceroys over 220 years were received on this street.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1573 the Hospital del Espíritu Santo was built by Mr. Miguel de Acosta, which would be one of the first hospitals built in the city. In the 17th century, this same road would house the residence of Isabel Flores de Oliva, better known as Saint Rose of Lima. In 1862, when a new urban nomenclature was adopted, the road was named jirón Callao, after the Constitutional Province. Prior to this renaming, each block (cuadra) had a unique name:", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On July 29, 2020, a fire at the street's ninth block affected 60 families, who were moved to the Plaza Montserrate. On October 16, 2023, another fire was reported at the street's intersection with the Jirón Cailloma.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Arthur James Tate (born August 16, 1939) is an American retired politican and small business owner who was the first African American to serve in the Mississippi State Senate since the Reconstruction era. In January 1979, he ran in a special election to represent Holmes, Madison, and Yazoo counties in the Senate, won the race, and served one year in office.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tate was born on August 16, 1939, in the small town of Carthage, Mississippi. He grew up in the Jim Crow South and attended Leake County Agricultural High School and Tougaloo College. In 1964, he moved to Canton, Mississippi, where he taught at Rogers High School. He became active in the Black civil rights movement and eventually ran for chancery court clerk. He lost that election but in January 1979 ran for the open seat of Mississippi State Senate district 15A in a special election to represent Holmes, Madison, and Yazoo counties. A member of the Democratic Party, Tate declared his candidacy, campaigned, and won the election and runoff, all in one month's time. He served one year in office.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tate is the owner-operator of a Canton furniture store and has also worked as an insurance salesman and schoolteacher. He has served as a member of the Canton Business League, the Canton Chamber of Commerce, the local Council on Aging, and the NAACP. He serves as a deacon at his Baptist church in Canton. He is married to Consuella (Smith) Tate.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Delonte Hood (born October 17, 2000) is an American football cornerback for the Arlington Renegades of the XFL. He played college football at Peru State, and has also played for the Cincinnati Bengals, and Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hood attended Glenville State University from 2018 to 2019. He transferred to Toledo in 2020 and then transferred to Peru State in 2021.", "title": "College career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After going undrafted in the 2022 NFL Draft, Hood signed with the Cincinnati Bengals on April 30, 2022. He was released on August 30, 2022.", "title": "Professional career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On December 27, 2022, Hood was signed to the Denver Broncos practice squad. On January 9, 2023, Hood signed a future contract for the 2023 season. He was released on August 27, 2023.", "title": "Professional career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On November 21, 2023, Hood signed with the Arlington Renegades of the XFL.", "title": "Professional career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Norazlianah binti Ibrahim is a diplomat from Brunei who became the ambassador to East Timor from 2016 to 2018. Additionally, she is the Minister-Counsellor and Deputy Permanent Representative of Brunei to the United Nations (UN).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Norazlianah obtained her Bachelor of Arts from the Universiti Brunei Darussalam in September 2008, and Master of Arts from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 22 August 2016, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah handed over Norazlianah's letter of credentials, amid her appointment as the new ambassador to East Timor. According to Norazlianah at her meeting with President Francisco Guterres on 31 August 2017, the Brunei government will continue to support East Timor in the areas of education and the formation of a new government. As the Director of the Asia-Africa Department, she was promoted as Deputy Permanent Secretary (International Organisations) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2018.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Members of the Bangladesh community, a few Indian community members, diplomats (including Norazlianah), and some local Bruneians took part in Eid-al-Fitr celebrations held inside the chancery premises by the Bangladesh High Commission in Brunei in May 2022.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On 8 March 2022, the Bangladesh High Commission in Brunei sponsored an online event commemorating International Women's Day with the subject \"Break the Bias.\" Norazlianah discussed the resilience and preparedness that girls in diplomatic careers require, as well as the willingness to be taught and fixed inventiveness in carrying their jobs. She has been a SSEAYP International Brunei Darussalam (BERSATU) member since 1993, assisting in the organisation of a number of the association's social and charitable activities.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1983–84 Lamar Cardinals basketball team represented Lamar University during the 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cardinals were led by fourth-year head coach Pat Foster and played their home games at the Beaumont Civic Center in Beaumont, Texas as members of the Southland Conference. The Cardinals won the regular season conference championship. They fell to the Louisiana Tech in the 1984 SLC tournament. They received an invitation to the 1984 National Invitation Tournament where they defeated New Mexico in the first round and lost to Santa Clara in the second round. Lamar finished the season with a record of 26–5 (11–1 Southland).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Sources:", "title": "Roster" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sources:", "title": "Schedule and results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 North Dakota State Bison baseball team will represent North Dakota State University during the 2024 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Bison will play home games at Newman Outdoor Field adjacent to NDSU's campus. The team will be coached by third year head coach Tyler Oakes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Bison finished the 2023 season with a 23–30 overall record, and a 16–7 record in the Summit League - which was good for second in the league. In the Summit League tournament, which was the first tournament NDSU had held at Newman Outdoor Field in the Division I era, the Bison lost to South Dakota State, beat Omaha, but fell to South Dakota State again in the final elimination game.", "title": "Previous season" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Christ Among the Doctors is an episode of the early life of Jesus depicted in chapter 2 of the Gospel of Luke.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Christ Among the Doctors may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Events in the year 2024 in the Republic of the Congo.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "{{Reflist}", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Harvey C. Clark (September 7, 1869 – April 11, 1921) was an American attorney and military officer from Missouri. A Democrat in politics, he served as prosecuting attorney of Bates County, Missouri for two terms beginning in 1896. A longtime member of the Missouri National Guard, he attained the rank of major general as commander of Missouri's division, and served as adjutant general of Missouri from 1918 to 1921.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A native of Lebanon Township, Cooper County, Missouri, Clark was raised in Butler, Missouri and graduated from Butler Academy, Wentworth Military Academy, and Scarritt College. He studied law with a Butler attorney from 1891 to 1893, attained admission to the bar, and practiced in Butler before moving to Nevada, Missouri. A Democrat, he served as prosecuting attorney of Bates County from 1897 to 1901.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Clark joined the Missouri National Guard as a captain in 1888. He served in the Spanish–American War and rose through the ranks in command positions during the post-war period to attain the rank of major general. He accepted reduction in rank to brigadier general so he could lead Missouri troops on the U.S.–Mexico border in Texas during the 1916 Pancho Villa Expedition. During the early days of World War I, he commanded the 60th Depot Brigade at Camp Doniphan, Oklahoma. After failing his physical because of high blood pressure, in early 1918 he returned to Missouri, where he was appointed adjutant general of the Missouri National Guard. Clark served in this post until January 1921, when he retired from the military.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Clark became ill in early April 1921 and was admitted to a hospital in St. Louis. He did not recover and died in St. Louis on April 11, 1921. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Butler.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Harvey Cyrus Clark was born on a farm in Lebanon Township, Cooper County, Missouri on September 7, 1869, a son of James Cyrus Clark and Melissa M. (Myers) Clark. The Clark family soon moved to Butler, Missouri, where James Clark was active in politics as a Democrat and served two terms as sheriff of Bates County, followed by two terms as county tax collector before becoming cashier of the Bates County Bank.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Harvey Clark was raised in Butler and attended the public schools of Butler and Butler Academy, from which he graduated in 1887. He next attended Wentworth Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1889. He was then a student at Scarritt College, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1891. After college, Clark studied law with David A. De Armond, and he attained admission to the bar in 1893.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After attaining admission to the bar, Clark practiced in Butler as the partner of Waller Washington Graves, an association that continued until 1906, when Graves was appointed to the Supreme Court of Missouri. He then practiced in Nevada as the partner of John S. Francisco. Clark was an active Democrat in politics, and he was elected prosecuting attorney of Bates County in 1896. He was reelected in 1898, and served from 1897 to 1901. Clark earned a reputation as a skilled civil and criminal lawyer, and his corporate clients included the Kansas City Southern Railway, Missouri Pacific Railroad, and the Missouri Pacific Coal Company.", "title": "Civilian career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Clark was a supporter of William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896 and made campaign speeches on behalf of the Bryan Free Silver Club. He supported Bryan again in 1900, and made speeches at Democratic rallies throughout western Missouri. Clark also made speeches on behalf of Democratic candidates in several Missouri towns during the 1904 elections. Clark continued to support the Democratic Party as he reached middle age, and made speeches in Bates County on behalf of the party's candidates in 1908. In October 1912, Clark gave the speech introducing U.S. Senator James A. Reed at a Nevada rally that featured Reed and U.S. Representative Perl D. Decker.", "title": "Civilian career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In addition to his legal career, Clark was a civic activist and was also active in veterans' organizations. He was a member of the Royal Arch Masons, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Elks, and Modern Woodmen of America. In addition, he was active in the United Spanish War Veterans and was a founder of the American Legion.", "title": "Civilian career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1888, Clark helped organize a unit of the Missouri National Guard, which was designated Company B, 2nd Infantry Regiment. He was elected to command the company with the rank of captain, and he remained in this position until June 1897. While in command of Company B, Clark was twice elected lieutenant colonel and second-in-command of the regiment, but he declined each time because he preferred to lead his company. In June 1897, Clark was promoted to major as quartermaster officer of the Missouri National Guard's 1st Brigade.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "At the start of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, Clark accepted a request from Missouri's governor to organize a unit of United States Volunteers. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the regiment, which was accepted for federal service as the 6th Missouri Infantry. The 6th Missouri was assigned to the Seventh Army Corps, which was commanded by Fitzhugh Lee. Lee's corps performed occupation duty in Cuba during late 1898 and early 1899. In February 1899, Clark's wartime service was recognized with promotion to brigadier general and assignment as commander of the 1st Brigade.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Clark continued in command of the 1st Brigade until September 1912, when the Missouri National Guard was organized into a division, which Clark was assigned to command with the rank of major general. Clark commanded the division until June 1916, when he accepted reduction to brigadier general in order to take command of four regiments of the Missouri National Guard accepted for federal service during the Pancho Villa Expedition as the 3rd Separate Brigade. Clark's brigade performed border security near Laredo, Texas until mustering out of federal service in January 1917.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "With the army expanding for U.S. entry into World War I, during early 1917 Clark was responsible for recruiting and organizing Missouri National Guard units so they could be called to federal service. In August 1917, Clark was called to federal active duty as a brigadier general and appointed to command the 60th Depot Brigade at Camp Doniphan, Oklahoma. In December 1917, Clark failed his physical examination because he was diagnosed with high blood pressure, and he returned to Missouri. In January 1918, he was appointed adjutant general of the Missouri National Guard with the rank of brigadier general. He led the organization during the rest of the war, and oversaw its demobilization following the Armistice of November 11, 1918. Clark also led the Missouri National Guard during its post-war reorganization and served as adjutant general until retiring in January 1921.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Clark became ill in early April and was admitted to a hospital in St. Louis. He died in St. Louis on April 11, 1921. Clark was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Butler.", "title": "Military career" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "In June 1897, Clark married Harriet \"Hattie\" De Armond, the daughter of Congressman David A. De Armond. They divorced in October 1909, and in December, Clark married Sudye \"Sue\" C. Berry, who had divorced her husband Robert Kennon in November. Clark had no children, but was the stepfather of his second wife's son Edward.", "title": "Family" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Camp Clark, a Missouri National Guard training facility established in Nevada, Missouri in 1908, was named for Clark.", "title": "Legacy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Films of Akira Kurosawa is a 1965 academic book by Donald Richie, published by University of California Press. It discusses the films of Akira Kurosawa.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This was the first English-language academic book about a Japanese film director's works, and about Kurosawa's in particular. There were two more editions, in 1984 and 1996, covering more films, and the latter including edits to the last chapter. According to David Desser of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign stated that the work caters to a 1960s Westerner who did not have a lot of background on Japanese culture nor films from Japan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "José M. de Vera, in a review of the first edition, stated that \"we sometimes have the impression that Richie is all out to make things difficult\" with a \"less-experienced\" person reading the book possibly having difficulty following the book; Vera contrasts this with The Japanese Movie: An Illustrated History, which he argues is much easier to follow.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1998 Desser stated that the work \"remains\" the highest quality method to examine Kurosawa's whole collection of works; according to Desser the second and third editions of the book had a \"tacked-on\" aura and he characterized that as being unfortunate.", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Meda Valentová (1898–1973) was a Czech stage and film actress.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Resmi R Nair is an Indian activist and bikini model, known for the 2014 Kiss of Love protest (KoL).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nair has been an active model since 2010. She is married to filmmaker and KoL co-organizer Rahul Pasupalan, the couple have a son.", "title": "Personal details" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Resmi first rose to prominence as a Playboy Miss Social contest winner in 2013. She was the first woman from India to be selected for the award. She was described as a \"small town girl from Kerala\" during her time with Playboy. After winning the contest, she was looking start a career in acting. She has also done some work in adult films, one of a small number of people from Kerala who work in the field.", "title": "Personal details" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Nair and her husband Pasaupalan were key organizers in the Kiss of Love protests in 2014. She faced considerable backlash online over the Kiss of Love protests, but persisted in her efforts.", "title": "Personal details" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The married couple were among 16 people arrested in 2015 as part of a child prostitution racket; she would remain in custody for 10 months.", "title": "Personal details" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The couple were granted bail in 2016. The Hindustan Times notes that no charges were filed against the couple, 15 months after their arrest. KoL protestors have since distanced themselves from the couple. Charges were later filed in 2019, part of a larger investigation into the trafficking network.", "title": "Personal details" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2023, Nair had a photoshoot at the Gadhpahra Fort in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, which drew some criticism online and from local Hindu organizations over the supposed raunchy nature of the photos taken at the historic site.", "title": "Personal details" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Congregation Shomrei Emunah is the name of Jewish congregations and synagogues and could refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Portrait of Erasmus may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Eungzou Byun(邉應周, 1929 ~ 2016) Eungzou Byun was a South Korean soldier. During the Korean War in 1950, he worked at KLO (Korea Liaison Office) and contributed to the foundation of Amorepacific Corporation. Eungzou Byun is the 22nd generation of the Wonju Byun clan, the 21st generation of Jeonseo fraction of the Wonju Byun clan, and the sixteenth generation of Cheomji fraction of the Wonju Byun clan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "• During the Korean War from 1951 to 1954, he served as a soldier in the KLO intelligence unit and worked as a math teacher at Ganghwa Middle School (currently Ganghwa Girls' Middle School, 62 Hyanggyo-gil, Ganghwa-eup, Ganghwa-gun, Incheon) to collect information about North Korea in the area near the armistice line. did. He disguised himself as a school teacher and was tasked with conveying North Korean military secrets to the South Korean military. KLO (English: Korea Liaison Office) is an intelligence unit created by the U.S. Far East Command for espionage activities in North Korea. The 8240 Army Unit was a specialized irregular warfare unit of the U.S. Army during the Korean War. Although it was administered and operated by the U.S. military, it was composed of Koreans.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "• He worked at Amorepacific Corporation from 1955 to 1969. During the Korean War in 1951, Seong-hwan Suh, Eungzou Byun, and Guk-bae Suh took refuge in Busan and worked there, laying the foundation for the company.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "• From 1971 to 1983, he founded and operated OB Food Co., Ltd. OB Food Co., Ltdis inin Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea and has grown into a company that produces biscuits, expands sales nationwide, and conducts quality control based on a food safety management system. OB Food Co., Ltd. is a different company from Doosan Group OB Beer Co., Ltd.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "• ‘Wonju Byun Clan Sebo (원주 변씨 세보 genealogy): Gaseung (가승).’ 21st generation descendant of the Wonju Byun Clan. 1996.", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "• ‘Wonju Byun Clan Jeonseogongpa Sebo (원주 변씨 전서공파 세보 genealogy of duke Jeonseo fraction)’. Wonju Byun Clan Association, 2002.", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "• THE STORY OF…. Your Great-Grandfathers: Duke Jeonseo and Cheomji Fraction of Wonju Byun Clan 1138~1945 ISBN: 9791193655818", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "• 당신의 할아버지 이야기 ISBN:9791193577967", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "• Duke Jeonseo and Cheomji Fraction of Wonju Byun Clan", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Swarved Mahamandir is a Hindu temple built in Varanasi and inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and with its seven storey claims to be the biggest meditation centre in the World. The temple is built with an estimated cost of Rs 1000 crores and has a seating capacity of 20,000 people at a time. Around 3137 verses of Swarveda are carved on the walls of temple which is covered with Makarana Marble.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Swarved Mahamandir was built with an estimated cost of Rs 1000 crore and inaugurated by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 17th December 2023. The temple with claims of being the biggest meditation centre in World was opened to public as part of centenary celebrations of Akhil Bhartiya Vihangam Yog Sansthan.", "title": "About Temple" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Swarved Mahamandir is bulit in an area covering around 3,00,000 square feet with a seating capacity of 20000 people. The temple walls are covered with sandstones with pink in colour.", "title": "Temple Architecture" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The temple is built in seven floors with around 3,137 verses from the collection of swarved printed on its walls made of Makarana Marble. The other features of temple are 1. Lotus dome with 125 petals 2. Location of Research centre for conscious studies.", "title": "Temple Architecture" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The temple is in the city of Varanasi which can be reached by air,rail and road.", "title": "Transport" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abisola Kola-Daisi (née Ajimobi; born March 12, 1981) is a Nigerian public official, entrepreneur, and business executive. She is the founder of Florence H Luxury and the CEO/managing director of Grandex Nigeria Limited. She was recently appointed as Special Adviser to Nigeria's Minister of Budget and Economic Planning.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Abisola Kola-Daisi was born in Surulere, Lagos, on March 12, 1981. She is the first daughter of Senator Abiola Ajimobi and Florence Ajimobi of the renowned Hajaig family of Lebanon. Abisola is the eldest of five siblings. She spent most of her early years between Lagos, Nigeria and Lomé, Togo, due to her father's work as an oil and gas executive at National Oil and Chemical Marketing Company; a subsidiary of Shell Oil company. She attended British School of Lomé, Togo, where she learned to speak French fluently—before relocating to the United States of America to secure an AA Degree from Santa Monica College.", "title": "Early Life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She subsequently obtained a Bachelor's degree in Finance at California State University, and a MBA from the United Kingdom. In 2022, she completed a Power and Influence for Positive Impact course at Harvard Business School.", "title": "Early Life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After completing her degree in the United States, Abisola worked as a general manager (Retail) at Victoria's Secret, before heading home to complete the mandatory National Youth Service Corps in Nigeria. In 2008, she joined Saje Shipping, a subsidiary of MRS Oil and Gas as the general manager – Finance and Administration. By 2017, she assumed the role of chief executive officer and managing director role Grandex Nigeria Ltd, a leading supermarket chain in Nigeria. Between 2019 and 2022, she founded Florence H, a multi-brand luxury range for women and menswear; AKD Lifestyle, a luxury lifestyle consultancy; and the Luxury Lifestyle Market (TLLM), a seasonal luxury-focused exhibition showcasing and redefining the idea of luxury in Africa.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2023, Abisola was appointed as a Special Adviser to Minister of Budget and Economic Planning in Nigeria.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "She is married to Kolapo Kola Daisi. They have three children.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Abisola works with various charities. She founded the AKD Foundation and AKD Kids Foundation to cater to orphans and displaced children in Nigeria. She is also a patron of the ABC foundation, a charity home founded by her mother, in Ibadan.", "title": "Philanthropy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Abisola is renowned for her great sense of style and fashion. She is also an advocate for Made in Africa products. She has featured on a number of episodes of Keeping Up with the Kardashians.", "title": "In The Media" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "REDIRECTMick Jagger#Family and relationships", "title": "" } ]

[]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Djibouti. Each article deals with events in Djibouti in a given year.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bodhana Sivanandan (born 2015) is an English chess player from Harrow, London. She holds the title of Woman Candidate Master.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She attends St John Fisher primary school in Harrow.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sivanandan began playing chess during lockdown in 2020. In 2022 she said \"I love to play chess because it helps me to recognise patterns, focus my attention and is helping me to learn how to strategise and calculate moves in advance. Also, I like the way the chess pieces move on the board, especially the knight.\"", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In March 2022, 15 months after learning the game, Sivandan was described by Leonard Barden as \"exceptional\". He wrote \"Bodhana Sivanandan, who won silver medals in both the rapid and blitz European under-8 girls, is world No 1 girl in blitz in her age group by a whopping margin of 322 Fide points\" and \"Sivanandan's medals in Serbia match Houska's fifth place on her debut in the 1988 world girls U10\".", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the European Schools age group championships held in Rhodes in May 2022, Sivandan won all 24 games she played and gained three gold medals.", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "At the age of seven, Sivandan took part in the August 2022 British Chess Championship in Torquay. Leonard Barden, writing in The Guardian, described her play in the Open Rapid competition as \"an eye-catching performance\": she was the youngest contestant, and after two wins and a draw she defeated the current U12 champion, before being defeated by grandmaster Keith Arkell who said \"I won only because of her inexperience\".", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2023 she won the World Youth Chess Championship Under-8 Girls' category.", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "At the age of eight, Sivanandan scored 8.5/13 in the 2023 European Blitz chess championship in December 2023; earlier in 2023 she defeated former British chess champion Peter Lee in an exhibition match.", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "International Master Lawrence Trent wrote on Twitter in 2023: \"The maturity of her play, her sublime touch, it's truly breath taking. ... I have no doubt she will be England's greatest player and most likely one of the greatest the game has ever seen\".", "title": "Chess career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of the five players who earned 2024 PGA Tour cards through Q School in 2023. It was the first time since 2012 that Q School had given direct access to the PGA Tour.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "PGA Tour rookie in 2024", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Felip is a Catalan male given name, which derives from the Greek adjective Philippos \"friend of horses\". It may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Almenas, or Almenäs, is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The men's T11 5000 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:", "title": "Records" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "All times shown are in seconds.", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The results were as follows:", "title": "Results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2022 Clarksville mayoral election took place on November 8, 2022. All Clarksville municipal elections are required to be non-partisan. Incumbent Democratic mayor Joe Pitts ran for re-election, and won a second term in office. Pitts vastly improved on his margin of victory from 2018.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The mayoral election coincided with other elections, including races for Clarksville City Council.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Focus, also known as Focus Filtrowa, is an office building in Warsaw, Poland, located in the district of Downtown, at 26 People's Army Avenue. It was opened in 2001.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The building was designed by architect Stefan Kuryłowicz, and built between 1998 and 2001.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Focus is an office building, located at 26 People's Army Avenue. The building has a shape of a rectangular cuboid with the base of 67 m × 65.2 m, and a height of 49.4 m. It has 12 storeys and a total height of 49.9 m, and the total floor area of 54,289 m. Additionally it has 3 underground storeys containing car parks.", "title": "Characteristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Each wall of the building was deigned in different architectural style, and inside, the building has 4 different self-sufficient sections.", "title": "Characteristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The front wall includes a 4-storey-tall indoor garden, with a view on the Mokotów Field. The front wall is covered in two layers of a curtain wall, which provides thermal and sound isolation.", "title": "Characteristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In the building also includes an atrium, which with its asymmetrical composition, contrasts with the building's front façade. It is covered in a glass roof, and connected with an indoor garden.", "title": "Characteristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Since 2016, on the building's roof is placed an apiary.", "title": "Characteristics" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The building houses the embassies of Iceland, and Norway, and the headquarters of Deutsche Bank Polska.", "title": "Characteristics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marc Dollinger is an American writer and a professor of Jewish studies at San Francisco State University. He is best known for his book \"Black Power, Jewish Politics\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dollinger was born in San Francisco in 1964. He married his wife Marci in 1994. They have two daughters and live in San Rafael, California.", "title": "Early life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The men's T13 5000 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:", "title": "Records" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "All times shown are in seconds.", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The results were as follows:", "title": "Results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Apanavičius", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Eritrea. Each article deals with events in Eritrea in a given year.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Twenty-first century" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Eleventh Commandment (Czech: Jedenácté prikázání) is a 1925 Czech silent comedy film directed by Václav Kubásek and starring Hugo Haas, Meda Valentová and Jirí Hron. It was shot at the AB Studios in Prague and on location around the city. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alois Mecera. It was remade as 1935 sound film of the same title with Haas reprising his role.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2003 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2003 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by second-year head coach Scott Stoker, the Demons compiled an overall record of 7–5 with a mark of 2–3 in conference play, tying for third place in Southland. Northwestern State played home games at Harry Turpin Stadium in Natchitoches, Louisiana.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Schedule" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The men's T54 5000 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:", "title": "Records" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "All times shown are in seconds.", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The results were as follows:", "title": "Results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1994 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1994 college football season. Selectors in 1994 included the Associated Press (AP).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "1994 College Football All-America Team", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Ethiopia. Each article deals with events in Ethiopia in a given year.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Twenty-first century" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Pyotr Alekseevich Goncharyov (Russian: Пётр Алексеевич Гончаров; 15 January 1903 — 31 January 1944) was a Soviet sniper who killed over 400 Nazis during World War II, making him one of the most successful snipers in history.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born on 15 January 1903 to a Russian peasant family in Yerzovka. After graduating from school in his home village he moved to Stalingrad, where he worked at the Red October metallurgical plant.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Originally he continued working at the factory after the German invasion of the Soviet Union, but in 1942 he entered the Red Army. Although he was originally tasked with working as a cook, he soon entered direct combat. During a battle in the area of a farm he was badly wounded by an armor-piercing projectile, but surviving and fired his anti-tank rifle at the attacker. He later switched to serving as a sniper, where he quickly showed his talent in sharpshooting. Before the war he has shown a talent for sharpshooting, but never got much practice. However, on the frontlines, he racked up a high tally in a short period of time, killing 380 Nazis by 25 June 1945 when he was nominated for the title Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded to him on 10 January 1944. He continued to increase his tally, reaching a total number of kills in excess of 400 before he was killed in action on 31 January 1944.", "title": "World War II" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "J/ Vaddu Central College (Tamil: யா/ வட்டு மத்திய கல்லூரி Ja/ Vaṭṭu Mattiya Kallūri) is a provincial school in (near Sangarathai) Vaddukoddai, Sri Lanka.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jirón Augusto Wiese, better known as Jirón Carabaya, is a major street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with the Jirón Áncash, and ends at the Paseo de la República.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It runs parallel to the Jirón de la Unión, and like said street, it connects the Plaza Mayor with the Plaza San Martín, ending at the Paseo de los Héroes Navales.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1862, when a new urban nomenclature was adopted, the road was named jirón Carabaya, after Carabaya Province (it was later renamed during the 20th century, being named after philanthropist Augusto Wiese Eslava [es]). Prior to this renaming, each block (cuadra) had a unique name:", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1872, a large crowd took over the street, marching towards the Plaza Mayor in response to the attempted coup d'etat. During its history, people such as Manuel Candamo, Ramón Castilla and Augusto B. Leguía purchased properties in the street, where they subsequently lived. The latter's property was looted after he was ousted in 1930, being later demolished in the 1960s.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Starting in the mid to late 19th century, the traditional architecture of the street became replaced in favour of French-inspired buildings. Under the government of Leguía, a return to traditional architecture started to manifest, taking influences from both Spanish (Colonial Revival) and Indian (Neo-Indigenist/Neo-Peruvian) architecture.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1985 Sun Belt Conference women's basketball tournament was the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Sun Belt Conference beginning on March 7, 1985, and ending on March 9, 1985, in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. at the Old Dominion University Fieldhouse.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Top-seeded Old Dominion defeated Western Kentucky in the championship game, 76–63, to win their third Sun Belt women's basketball tournament.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Lady Monarchs received an automatic bid to the 1985 NCAA tournament. They were joined by conference runner-up Western Kentucky, who received an at-large bid.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Old Dominion went on to win the NCAA tournament 70–65 against the Georgia Lady Bulldogs. Western Kentucky made it to the Final Four, but lost to Georgia 78–91.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "First-seeded Old Dominion received a bye from the first round. The winner of the third and fifth seed game would play Old Dominion the following day. The remaining conference members were placed into the initial round. Each team was seeded based on its regular season conference record.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "1985 Sun Belt Conference men's basketball tournament", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Muṭahharten (Persian: مـطـهـرتــن), also known as Ṭaharten (طهـرتــن; died late 1403), was Emir of Erzincan from 1379 until his death. He claimed sovereignty when he assumed power, which prompted Sultan ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn 'Ali to go on an expedition to reinstate Eretnid authority over Erzincan. While Muṭahharten ultimately repelled 'Ali, the latter was eventually replaced by his vizier Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn, who was determined to restore the sultanate's former boundaries. Burhān al-Dīn and Muṭahharten were involved in a long-lasting conflict, which was interrupted by the advent of Timur. In grave fear of him, Muṭahharten contently swore allegiance and halted his campaigns in Anatolia, but Timur’s departure reignited the conflict between Muṭahharten and Burhān al-Dīn. Often overpowered by his enemies, Muṭahharten forged alliances with various groups but did not hesitate to turn against his former allies when he saw fit, such as the Aq Qoyunlu. On the other hand, Muṭahharten's relations with the Empire of Trebizond and his Christian subjects were consistent, as he favored them for their economic contribution to his realm through trade.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn's death, Muṭahharten faced a new threat from the Ottoman state, who demanded he surrender Erzincan. Muṭahharten instead relied on Timur's strength and found himself in the middle of the Ottoman–Timurid conflict. Although Timur conquered Sivas in August 1400, Bayezid I took Erzincan the next year, imprisoning Muṭahharten for a short period. Muṭahharten continued supporting Timur until he died in late 1403. His death signaled the nearing end for the Emirate of Erzincan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Erzincan and the region around was located south of the Empire of Trebizond. Although not part of it, it had significant commercial links to Trebizond, being mostly inhabited by Christian Armenians but administered by a Muslim ruler. Ahī Ayna was a local ahī who purchased control of Erzincan from his predecessor sometime before 1348. He first appears in 1348 as a vassal of Eretna, a former Ilkhanid officer who established his sultanate after the dissolution of the Ilkhanate. Following Eretna's death in 1352, Ahī Ayna exercised autonomy and attempted to increase his sphere of influence. In June 1362, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Ahī Ayna Beg went on an expedition in Georgia. He captured Akhaltsikhe, Samstskhe, Atsquri, and had Manglisi pay jizya. On 6 August 1361, he continued his expedition in the region of Lazica, i.e. eastern territories of the Empire of Trebizond. Ahī Ayna was the suzerain of three other emirates, namely those in Erzurum, Bayburt, and Karahisar. His core territory stretched from the Erzincan Plain southwards to Upper Euphrates Valley near Çaltı. He died on 2–3 July 1362 reportedly as a shahīd (martyr).", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Pīr Ḥusayn, who was originally the ruler of Karahisar, arrived in Erzincan on 8 June 1362 and succeeded Ahī Ayna Beg. In Abū Bakr Quṭbī's Ta'rīkh-i taqwīm, he is mentioned as an emīr-zāda (lit. 'son of an emir') following the statement about Ahī Ayna's demise, hinting at the possibility he was Ahī Ayna's son. Pīr Ḥusayn's ascendance to the throne was not straightforward as Erzincan was in the midst of a civil war. He \"gained independence\" on 10 July, having clashed with emirs opposing his rule, who eventually fled to Bayburt and Tercan. On 11 September, he gained direct control of Bayburt after a 32-day siege. Although there is a coin specimen minted in Erzincan for ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn 'Ali dating back to 1366, Pīr Ḥusayn most likely exercised further autonomy, especially following the temporary political vacuum caused by Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muhammad I's death in 1365. However, there aren't any sufficient accounts for the rest of his rule until 1379, when he died.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Muṭahharten took power upon Pīr Ḥusayn's death in 1379. He issued his own coins and had the khuṭba read in his name as a declaration of his sovereignty. In the summer of 1379, magnates in the Eretnid Sultanate pressured ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn 'Ali to declare war on Muṭahharten emphasizing on the historical ties of Erzincan with the Eretnid dynasty. Although the Eretnid vizier Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn opposed an immediate campaign, 'Ali began marching towards Erzincan. Muṭahharten sent an embassy to Sivas, where the Eretnid military headquarters were located, to signal he would be willing to bestow control of the city, fearing the economic impact of the war. When the diplomatic mission was inconclusive, a bloody battle took place. Muṭahharten faced defeat and retreated but still resisted coming under Eretnid rule. He sought the help of external powers, such as the Dulkadirids and Aq Qoyunlu, who sent a large army to Erzincan. The Aq Qoyunlu forces defeated and captured Junayd, an Eretnid emir entrusted with preventing the incoming aid to Muṭahharten, fueling the morale of Muṭahharten's forces. The Eretnids faced a major loss, and 'Ali retreated to Sivas. On the orders of Muṭahharten, his vassal Emir Ordu Shah of Erzurum arrested Isfahan Shah Khatun, the grandmother of 'Ali, who was on the way to Sivas from Baghdad. Although she was eventually released, this deepened the animosity between Muṭahharten and the Eretnids.", "title": "Rise to power and war with the Eretnids" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn's rise to power as the regent of 'Ali's successor Muḥammad II Chelebī and aim at reenacting authority over the region prompted Muṭahharten to form alliances with Burhān al-Dīn's rivals and other claimants to the Eretnid throne such as Shadgeldi, Emir of Amasya. He built amicable relations with several vassals of Burhān al-Dīn, Malik Aḥmad of Karahisar, and Zannun of Koyulhisar, the latter of whom he arranged his sister's marriage. While Shadgeldi was besieging Tokat, Muṭahharten, and Zannun pushed into Burhān al-Dīn's domains. However, Zannun and his 2 thousand-strong force were eventually defeated by Burhān al-Dīn. Muṭahharten sent an embassy to Burhān al-Dīn and demanded that he return the throne to 'Ali's son, Muḥammad II Chelebī. This was essentially an implicit declaration of Muṭahharten's claim on the Eretnid throne. Tension between Muṭahharten and Burhān al-Dīn peaked when Burhān al-Dīn imprisoned Muṭahharten's embassy. This switched Muṭahharten's stance so that he instead sent his apologies and offered an alliance. Although Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn released his embassy, he sent Shadgeldi's head to Erzincan in 1381 as a warning. The same year, Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn formally declared his sultanate.", "title": "First war with Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Allied with several Mongol and Turkoman chieftains, Muṭahharten went on another campaign on Sivas. He executed his brother-in-law and former ally Zannun, suspicious of his loyalty, and massacred Koyulhisar. He started raiding Sivas with the Mongol tribe of Barambay in the summer–spring of 1382. Burhān al-Dīn dealt with his rivals in the region around Amasya, Tokat, and Osmancık until spring 1383. When his authority in the region became apparent and an internal conflict among the rebels began, he focused on his struggle east. Muṭahharten received Aq Qoyunlu aid led by Aḥmad bin Qutlugh, leading an initially successful joint offensive. Conversely, Burhān al-Dīn reached Erzincan and razed parts of the city to the ground but was unable to capture the city with winter creeping in (1384–5). Burhān al-Dīn's return to Sivas marked the end of the long war between him and Muṭahharten. They agreed to recognize each other's sovereignty and to refrain from getting involved in each other's internal relations. Muṭahharten was further obliged to send military aid to Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn in times of war.", "title": "First war with Qāḍī Burhān al-Dīn" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In late 1386, Timur invaded west Iran and was planning his invasion of Armenian highlands from his military camp in Karabakh. Muṭahharten sent his family to Karahisar under the protection of Malik Aḥmad, and the people of Erzincan evacuated their homes. When Timur's embassy arrived in Erzincan, Muṭahharten swiftly agreed to refrain from joining opposition forces and to abide by Timur's rule, which reduced his fears of a direct Timurid attack. Timur recognized Muṭahharten's domains through an exchange of gifts. Although Muṭahharten halted his campaigns in Anatolia during this time, Timur's presence was favored by him and other enemies of Burhān al-Dīn.", "title": "Advent of Timur" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "When Timur's focus shifted away from the region, Muṭahharten used the Qara Qoyunlu Turkomans who took refuge in his territory in an expedition in Burhān al-Dīn's lands, taking advantage of his absence as he was dealing with the local Turkoman principalities to the north. Burhān al-Dīn returned to Sivas when he learned that Muṭahharten was marching there, which caused Muṭahharten to stop the campaign in the winter of 1387–8 as he did not want to face Burhān al-Dīn directly. However, Burhān al-Dīn initiated preparations to subdue Muṭahharten. In 1387, Muṭahharten reported Burhān al-Dīn to the Mamluk Sultan Barquq as an ally of Timur in an effort to initiate a campaign on Sivas together with the Mamluks, which was successful and lasted until 1389.", "title": "Advent of Timur" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Despite his earlier alliance with the Aq Qoyunlu, Muṭahharten started following a hostile policy against them and was ultimately overpowered. He sought the assistance of Qara Mahammad of Qara Qoyunlu and flanked the Aq Qoyunlu forces, who took refuge under Burhān al-Dīn. Shortly after, Muṭahharten and Qara Yusuf, recently-deceased Qara Mahammad's son and successor, planned a major war on the Aq Qoyunlu, but were defeated near Endris. Qara Yusuf was captured, and Muṭahharten fled to Erzincan but reentered Aq Qoyunlu territory. He stationed his army on the right bank of Murat River, confronting the Aq Qoyunlu forces on the opposite side. Although Aḥmad Aq Qoyunlu wanted to make peace with Muṭahharten, whom his sister was married to, Muṭahharten was defeated a second time at the hands of Aḥmad's brother, Qara Yuluk.", "title": "Advent of Timur" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Upon the news of another Timurid expedition in 1393–4, Muṭahharten secured his allegiance to Timur. He acted as an ambassador and compatriot during Timur's siege of Avnik. The author of Bazm-u Razm, Astarabadi, of hostile origin to Muṭahharten, describes his actions during this period as cowardly by claiming Muṭahharten stopped administering his region altogether and after kissing Timur's stirrup, changed the name on his coins and the khuṭba to Timur's and tried to provoke him to invade all of Anatolia and Syria. However, Timur left Muṭahharten without a liege, when he departed for Georgia to subdue Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde.", "title": "Advent of Timur" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In retribution for Muṭahharten's allegiance to Timur, Burhān al-Dīn took the fortresses of Ezdebir, Sis, and Burtulush. Though, when he departed for Sivas, the guards of these fortresses betrayed him and surrendered control to Muṭahharten. With the support of Aḥmad Aq Qoyunlu, Burhān al-Dīn massacred and decimated the region of Erzincan for a whole month and granted the Aq Qoyunlu the territory spanning Bayburt. On 27 October 1395, he clashed with Burhān al-Dīn at Pulur. Although Muṭahharten came out victorious there, the difficult conflict persisted until Burhān al-Dīn died. Muṭahharten had to escape from his wrath for the next two years. Burhān al-Dīn was killed by Qara Yuluk on 14 July 1398.", "title": "Advent of Timur" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Starting from 1379 at the latest, the Emirate of Erzincan was the sole neighbor of the Empire of Trebizond except for the Emirate of Haji Amir and Chepni nomads near the Philabonites Valley to the northwest. To the southwest of Chaldia was Muṭahharten's vassal, the Emirate of Karahisar, while Trebizond directly bordered Muṭahharten up to Lazica. According to Kitāb-i Diyār-i Bakriyya, Muṭahharten imposed kharāj on Trebizond. The empire likely was contingent upon Erzincan for matters of security and commerce. The chronicles of Michael Panaretos of 1380–90s lack any mention of clashes with Turks, other than the campaign of Alexios III on the Chepni, most probably because there were no direct border conflicts, and the trade through Trebizond continued. Therefore, Muṭahharten's marriage to the daughter of the emperor was short of fully repaying him for the protection he provided them.", "title": "Relations with Trebizond and Christians" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Around 1400, Muslims from the largely Christian city of Erzincan reported to Timur that Muṭahharten cherished the Christian residents more than they favored him. In response to Timur's inquiry about these complaints, Muṭahharten openly agreed that he especially favored the Christians for the benefit of trade. Timur commanded that an influential Greek Orthodox priest from Erzincan convert to Islam. When the priest resisted, Timur ordered the total massacre of the Christians of Erzincan, which Muṭahharten paid him 9,000 aspers for mercy.", "title": "Relations with Trebizond and Christians" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I annexed Sivas in 1398 and demanded that Muṭahharten accept his suzerainty. Instead, Muṭahharten relied on Timur, who was unable to diplomatically resolve the dispute over Erzincan but conquered Sivas in August 1400. Bayezid did not shy away from striking back and pushed until Erzincan in 1401, took Muṭahharten and his Trapezuntine wife captive. Muṭahharten was ultimately released and restored as the ruler, when Qara Yusuf, who had been given control of the place, did not fare well with the locals. Muṭahharten momentarily acted as an intermediary between the Ottomans and the Timurids but soon participated in the latter's Anatolian campaign.", "title": "Ottoman–Timurid conflict and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Muṭahharten died in late 1403. He had no surviving male issue. His death signified the final years of the independent Emirate of Erzincan. His grandson Yār ʿAlī ruled between 1403–10 and 1420–5, but continuous conflict between the stronger powers of Aq Qoyunlu and Qara Qoyunlu soon prevailed.", "title": "Ottoman–Timurid conflict and death" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "While early Ottoman sources mention that he was of Tatar origin, In Bazm-u Razm, Astarabadi refers to him as the nephew of Eretna, who was of Uyghur descent. Muṭahharten married a daughter of Alexios III of Trebizond. Kitāb-i Diyār-i Bakriyya mentions him as the son-in-law of Aḥmad of Aq Qoyunlu.", "title": "Family and origin" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "On the evening of January 13, 1882, a southbound New York Central passenger train crashed into the rear of another one stopped on the tracks along Tibbetts Brook in the Spuyten Duyvil neighborhood of the New York City borough of The Bronx. Eight people were killed, and 19 seriously injured, by the crash and fires afterwards, fires that neighborhood residents and crew extinguished by rolling large snowballs into them until local firefighters arrived. Among the dead was State Senator Webster Wagner, inventor of the sleeping cars used on the train, two of which he was crushed to death between. It was the deadliest rail accident in New York City at that time, remaining so for another 20 years.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The stopped train was an express from Chicago carrying at least 500, including 76 other state legislators who had boarded at Albany that afternoon to return to their districts in the city for the weekend. While accounts of the accident initially reported that the express was stopped due to a failed brake, it was later revealed that a drunken legislator (never identified) decided to pull the emergency brake. A coroner's jury later blamed the crash primarily on the express train's conductor and rear brakeman. Both were indicted and charged with manslaughter; the brakeman was later acquitted when it was found that he was illiterate and could not read the company rulebook.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The wreck led the railroad to discontinue the use of mineral oil to light cars at night. While the railroad had long before switched from stoves as heat for car interiors to the hot water-based Baker process, that had not yet been perfected and was believed to have contributed to the fires after the crash. Innovations in train heating system design accelerated afterwards.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad's Atlantic Express, originating in Chicago, arrived at Albany's Union Station already 23 minutes late on the afternoon of January 13, 1882. It would be delayed further as so many tickets had been sold as to require 15 additional cars added to the train, and a second steam locomotive, so the train could make up the lost time. When it left at 3:06 p.m. it was running 26 minutes behind schedule. Its consist was, after the locomotives, two mail cars, a baggage car, four coaches and five luxury sleeper cars. Just across the Hudson River, at Greenbush (today Rensselaer), a sixth sleeper was coupled to the rear of the train, the Idlewild, the personal car of Republican state Senator Webster Wagner.", "title": "Trains" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Among the approximately 500 passengers were 76 other state legislators, from both houses and both parties (with most Democrats part of New York City's Tammany Hall political machine), returning to their homes downstate for the weekend with the legislature having adjourned. They were traveling on free passes issued them by the railroad, which sought their continued goodwill—also aboard were John M. Toucey, superintendent for the line between New York and Buffalo, and Charles Bissell, superintendent for the division between Albany and New York. The legislators were mostly grouped together in the first four cars, where with freely available liquor the 142-mile (229 km) trip down the Hudson Valley took on a festive atmosphere.", "title": "Trains" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Wagner was the subject of particular interest to the reporters accompanying the politicians. He had founded the Wagner Palace Drawing-Car Company, which had built the sleepers on the rear of the train, all of which had cost the railroad $17,000 ($516,000 in 2022). There was speculation that Wagner and the Pullman Company, its bitter rival, were about to conclude a merger that would create a $12.5 million ($379 million in 2022) company that would effectively monopolize the sleeping-car market and make Wagner and other shareholders wealthier than they already were. Asked repeatedly about the rumored deal, Wagner demurred, preferring to recount for the journalists gathered around him his story of how he had built the company over the preceding three decades from his home in Palatine Bridge, west of Albany in the Mohawk Valley, after seeing how the railroad needlessly lost business to river ferries with sleeping quarters.", "title": "Trains" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "By 6:15 p.m. the express, stopping only at Hudson and Poughkeepsie, had made up much of the time it had lost before and at Albany. As it passed through Tarrytown, a waiting local, also bound for Grand Central Depot in Midtown Manhattan, had to delay its own scheduled departure five minutes to allow the express to clear the station. The local's engineer, Frank Burr, and fireman Patrick Quinn, recalled that the express was traveling fast. They left the station at 6:40.", "title": "Trains" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The local made its stops along the Hudson south of Tarrytown, reaching Spuyten Duyvil, 14 miles (23 km) away, where the line turns southeast to follow the creek of that name. It stopped there at 7:04 p.m. Burr believed at this time that there was 13 minutes of headroom between his train and the Western Express.", "title": "Trains" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "But the express had stopped on the tracks less than a mile to the east. George Hanford, its conductor, said one of the inebriated legislators thought it would be funny to pull the emergency brake, stopping the train as it rounded another bend that took it along the banks of Tibbetts Brook. Between the train's location and the Spuyten Duyvil station the tracks ran through Rolling Mill Cut, which obstructed the view of the track beyond in either direction, a stretch Hanford considered particularly dangerous since the curve at the north end of the cut was further obstructed by Kilcullen's, a local hotel and tavern. The railroad had long had flagmen at both ends of the cut for safety reasons, but had recently laid off the one who watched the south end, closer to where the train was stopped, in order to economize. The flagman at the other end did not know there was a stopped train beyond the far end of the cut.", "title": "Trains" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "At the time the express stopped, Wagner was in the Empire, the sleeper car in front of the last car, talking with some other legislators. After the stop, he excused himself to take a look around the train, saying \"These confounded railroads have a passion for smashing up my best cars\" before he went into the last car. It was the last thing anyone remembered him saying.", "title": "Collision" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Up front, engineer Edward Stanford attempted to restart the train. He was briefly successful, but only mustered enough power to break the drawbar connecting the two locomotives. His second engineer tried to recharge the brake. The 75 pounds per square inch (520 kPa) of pressure the air cylinder had had going into the turn out of the cut had dropped to 40 (280 kPa) after the brake had been pulled; he had tried to pump them off. Recharging the cylinder would take at least 15 minutes.", "title": "Collision" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "At the rear, Melius, the brakeman, left the train with a red and white lantern to warn any oncoming trains to stop. He began walking down the track toward the cut and the Spuyten Duyvil station. How long after the stop he left the vicinity of the train, and how far he went were later matters of dispute. By Melius's account he was six or seven car lengths from the train when he saw the headlight and heard the whistle of the oncoming local train's locomotive. He began frantically waving his red lantern across the track.", "title": "Collision" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Burr saw the lantern and immediately applied his brake. He saw the rear of the express, and knew there was not enough time or space to stop the local. At 7:12 p.m. its locomotive collided with the Empire, embedding itself about 12 feet (4 m) and making the car telescope into the one ahead, making a sound audible within a half-mile (800 m) radius. When it finally stopped, Burr, uninjured, got out and began assisting with rescue efforts.", "title": "Collision" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Since it was a Friday night, Kilcullen's tavern was busy; many of those present were workers at a nearby foundry. Some patrons outside in the mild weather for that time of year (around 35 °F (2 °C)) had witnessed the crash, and they brought others from the bar and the neighborhood to offer aid and rescue victims, with the help of crew and unhurt or minimally injured survivors. James Kilcullen himself offered the train crew the use of the shutters from his building as stretchers.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Burr saw that the locomotive's boiler was damaged and might explode. He took the shovel from his fireman and began shoveling snow into the furnace to douse the fire. Rescuers who had carried water to the wreck from the nearby creek in order to put out the blaze consuming the wrecked sleepers likewise, realizing the more imminent danger, followed Burr's lead and began throwing it on the outside of the boiler (a decision that may have cost some trapped passengers their lives). Soon the fire in the firebox was extinguished, and the rescuers' attention turned to the fire in the sleepers, from which screams of those trapped within could be heard.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Although he had been severely burned on his face and arms in the collision, Hanford took charge. Noticing that there was little water left and that what water was being thrown on the flames was having no effect, he shouted for the rescuers to throw snow on the fire instead. He began to roll a huge ball of snow from the ground toward the wreck, and others followed his lead. As they began throwing their large snowballs on the burning sleepers, other rescuers began extricating the dead and injured. They, too, had snow and water thrown on them to offset the heat so they could get the victims out. Within a short time all the snow had been scraped from the ground around the crashed cars.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The local's locomotive's headlight remained lit, which along with the continued illumination in the front of the Empire allowed the removal of all present there before the car was completely engulfed in flames. Some died shortly afterwards. Rescuers used axes to break open the cars. Assemblyman J.W. Monk was psychologically overcome after being extricated from the ceiling timbers he had been trapped in. Inside the car, as the fire grew worse, Hanford attempted to rescue a young newlywed, Louise Gaylord. Her husband, whom she had married the night before in Massachusetts, was still alive as well but so trapped in the wreckage as to make rescue impossible in what time was left. By contrast, only some of Gaylord's clothing was caught, but she refused Hanford's entreaties to remove enough to escape, and he did not have the time to force her to since it was so hot.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Wagner's body was found crushed between the two cars. Like many of the dead, it was burnt beyond recognition. He was identified by a gold watch with the initials \"W.W.\", his diary and several slips of paper with the election returns from his state senate district. Firefighters soon arrived with a pumper to put out the fire, and the injured were taken to Bellevue Hospital after being laid out on billiards tables at Kilcullen's along with the dead; two rival undertakers from Yonkers fought over who should take the bodies. Hundreds of people came to look at the site, Bissell and Doucey stayed on scene to oversee the cleanup, and by 4 a.m. the track was reopened.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "Estimates of the fatalities that night were initially as high as nine; later accounts put it at seven or eight. Three passengers were unaccounted for. Two survivors were injured seriously enough to make doctors doubt they could be saved, while 17 suffered minor injuries, including Brooklyn state senator John C. Jacobs. Among the other fatalities besides Wagner and the newlyweds were a French priest returning to New York from Troy to return to his earlier-held position as chaplain of the workhouse on Blackwell's Island (today Roosevelt Island), businessmen from Brooklyn and Philadelphia and the wife of a Manhattan stockbroker. The coffin with Wagner's body was placed on a specially decorated car and taken back to Palatine Bridge for burial.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Other than the two completely wrecked and burnt sleepers, damage to property was minimal. The local's locomotive incurred $50 ($1,000 in 2022) worth of repairs. Along the tracks, one tie had been broken; it was ripped up and replaced by morning.", "title": "Rescue efforts" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Sidney Nichols, one of the city's police commissioners, who had been on the train, limped into his office, applauded by employees, the next morning. He said he had sprained a wrist and ankle. At the crash site, investigators quickly established that the local's brakes were in good working order. Crewmembers blamed Melius, the brakeman, for the accident, as they believed he had not gone far enough down the track to properly signal the oncoming local. Melius had left the scene and could not be found. Residents of the area faulted the railroad for having laid off one of the flagmen in the cut, who could otherwise have alerted the local earlier.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Melius resurfaced in Poughkeepsie the following day. Accompanied by his brother, a conductor on the Central who was based in that city, he surrendered to authorities and was returned to New York to testify before the coroner's jury. His account was subject to heavy scrutiny as it was contradicted by other witnesses.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "On his brother's advice, Melius changed one aspect of his story. He revised his estimate of the local's speed downward, as the older Melius had told him it could not have reached 40 mph (64 km/h) so soon after leaving Spuyten Duyvil. But that was not enough to restore his credibility. He held to his claim that he was far enough behind the express at the time that he could see the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge. The dispatcher at Spuyten Duyvil said that if Melius had been able to see the bridge, the remaining flagman at the north end of the cut would have been able to see Melius's lantern.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Alonzo Valentine, whose newlywed son and daughter-in-law had perished at each other's side when she refused to remove her clothes to escape, said that he had gone onto the open rear of the Idlewild after the stop, where he saw a brakeman with a red and white lantern leaning against the back of the car. Valentine then re-entered the car for another five minutes; when he went back out the brakeman was standing about 10 feet (3 m) from it when the local appeared around the curve. At that point the brakeman began running towards it and was at most 50 ft (15 m) from the rear of the Idlewild before he had to get out of the way; Valentine survived by jumping off the train.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Burr gave the locomotive's speed as around 20 mph (32 km/h) as it went into the cut. He recalled no warning of any kind as it passed through. He saw Melius waving the lanterns at the same time as he saw the rear of the stopped express. Burr estimated that three and a half car lengths separated it from his locomotive. Melius seemed about two of those car lengths ahead, and about 35 ft (11 m) in front of the express. Two witnesses who saw the wreck from just outside Kilcullen's also described Melius as having stood near the express for about five minutes after it stopped and only running down the track as the local came around the curve.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Melius allowed that he had only stayed beside the train for two minutes, then began walking down the track. It took him five minutes to get to the point where he saw the express, he said. When the jury had him re-enact that walk as part of the investigation, it only took him two minutes. Judge James Angell of the state's Tenth District Court had been in the third car from the rear, and estimated that at least 10 minutes elapsed between the stop and the crash, more than enough time for a man on foot to have gotten as far as the Spuyten Duyvil station if he had left the train immediately following the stop.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Doucey said that the rules of the railroad required that in the event of an unscheduled stop, brakemen were to immediately go out and walk down the track as flagmen to warn oncoming trains. The rules were printed on the back of every employee timetable; he did not see how Melius could have been unaware of it. He said Hanford had in fact ordered Melius to do so, however Hanford said that he was several cars ahead of Melius in the train at the time of the collision and, while he saw the brakeman leave the train, lanterns in hand, he did not order Melius to go back down toward the station. Instead Hanford assumed that because Melius was leaving the train that he was doing so on his own initiative.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "The coroner's jury found Melius and Hanford responsible for the crash and referred the case to a grand jury with the recommendation that charges be brought. Both men were indicted by the coroner's jury on a single count of fourth-degree manslaughter—Melius for failing to go down the track and Hanford for not having ordered him to do so—with Wagner being the representative victim. In addition, it assigned responsibility to Doucey for scheduling trains so closely together as to make it impossible for them to pass through Rolling Mill Cut at speeds low enough to ensure safe stopping distance. Burr, it said, should have been able to see Melius and did not. Stanford, the express's engineer, also contributed by trying to draw down the brakes while they were still applied. They were arrested two weeks after the accident and released after posting $5,000 ($131,000 in 2022) in bond each.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Since one of their own had died in the crash, the State Senate constituted its own special committee to investigate it. It echoed the railroad in finding Melius the responsible party.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "There was also a question about what had started the fire that had caused most of the deaths. Like most railroads of the era, the Central had reacted to public and governmental pressure in the wake of previous crashes where deaths were attributed to preventable fires and taken steps to reduce the risk. It had installed the Baker process heating system, in which a closed boiler at one end heated hot water piped around the walls of the car, in the luxury sleepers in place of stoves. But light in the car was provided by mineral oil lamps, which the railroad had migrated to from candles a year and a half earlier, even though candles had a lower fire risk in crashes since the force of impact tended to extinguish them, because the traveling public liked the light better, the railroad said.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "The railroad maintained that the heating system could not have caused the fire. Hanford disagreed, noting that the fire had been concentrated closest to the rear of the train, with none at all around the boiler at the front of the car. He also believed the oil lamps had exacerbated the problem. A passenger who had been standing next to Valentine as the local came into view but chose to run into the train instead of jumping (an action which led to him mistakenly being presumed to have died at first) corroborated Hanford's account, recalling the fire after the wreck was fiercest closer to the end of the train.", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "New York's newspapers had a mixed reaction to the jury's findings. \"[It] is so sweeping as to be absolutely worthless for any public purpose and entirely to defeat its own object\", complained the New York World. It needed no further convincing as to Melius's guilt, but could not understand how Hanford could be seen as responsible in any way. The Herald, too, found the verdict paradoxical: \"It is evidently the opinion of the coroner's jury in the Spuyten Duyvil case that somebody is to blame, though the sweeping generality of their inculpation of almost everybody mentioned in connection with the calamity seems to us likely to lead to about the same result as if they had found the ancient verdict of nobody to blame\", it opined. \"They do find, in fact, that it is nobody in particular.\" Some of the contradictions noted were that if the schedule were at fault, then where Melius was on the track would have mattered less, and if he had not gotten farther down the track, how could Burr have been expected to see him in time? If he had gotten that far, had he not in fact performed the duty he was charged with manslaughter for neglecting?", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "The New York Times praised the verdict and the jury for their thoroughness and intelligence. \"[The] verdict is presented in a manner not to be mistaken\" it wrote, and lamented that the law did not presently allow the railroad's executives to be charged criminally. Similarly, the Evening Telegram called the jury \"conscientious and courageous\", adding that it had been \"a long time since the officers and managers of a company have been so pointedly censured\".", "title": "Investigation" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "The pair were tried in late November. Melius, his guilt already a foregone conclusion and his trial a mere formality in the public eye, was represented by Robert A. Livingston, a former assemblyman who had been a passenger on the express that night himself, and H.T. Marston. Hanford repeated his account that he had seen Melius behind the train after the collision; on cross-examination he said that he had not ordered Melius to go down the track because he believed Melius was already doing that when he saw him outside the train. He also restated his earlier opinion that the primary cause of the accident had been \"rum and politicians\".", "title": "Trial" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "Doucey and Bissell both testified that it was a brakeman's duty to go back down the tracks in the event of an unscheduled stop in order to warn approaching trains. He emphasized that it was stated on the back of the bulletins regularly distributed to employees. On cross, Livingston asked him what benefit that might be in the case of an employee who could not read. \"If there is such a man,\" the superintendent responded, \"he ought to leave the employ of the road\". He did not know of any.", "title": "Trial" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "Melius took the stand in his own defense. He said that while he could not read, his wife had read the rules to him several times and he understood his duty in that situation to be that in the event of a stop he was to stay near the rear of the train until ordered to go down the track by the conductor, and that Hanford had told him such (which Hanford denied when called in rebuttal, saying it would have been against company policy). On the night of the crash, he had been standing at the front platform on the rear car when the train stopped. After exiting the train, he inspected the brakes and found it necessary to bleed some air off. Then, after waiting for Hanford to tell him what to do for a few minutes, he went down the tracks on his own. Due to the darkness and the ice and snow accumulated on the tracks, the going was slow and he slipped off into a culvert at one point. He estimated that he had gotten about 140 ft (43 m) from the train when he saw the flagman there and attempted to alert him, but did not know if the flagman saw his signal before the local came around the bend.", "title": "Trial" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "When charging the jury, Judge Noah Davis noted that this was possibly the first case in which a railroad employee had been criminally indicted over the deaths of passengers in an accident. He framed the question for them as to whether Hanford had given Melius the order not to leave the train's side until instructed otherwise. The prosecution argued in its closing that Melius had failed to perform a duty he knew he had to. In response the defense said that he had been given too many conflicting instructions in the absence of which, free to do his job as he had for 25 years, the accident could have been prevented. It argued the Central's executives were the ones who had really failed the victims, and should have been on trial instead.", "title": "Trial" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "To the surprise of most present, the jury returned in a half hour with a not guilty verdict.", "title": "Trial" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "The coroner's jury also made some recommendations to the railroad and lawmakers:", "title": "Legacy and aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "The state senate's committee also recommended expanding the regulatory ambit of the state's railroad commission, which the full body did the following year. The call for increased use of steam or hot-water heat led to increase in innovations. Patent applications for such systems, which had fallen off after a spike following the 1876 Ashtabula River railroad disaster in Ohio, the deadliest rail disaster in the country at that time, where coal-fired stoves had triggered the fires that killed many of the 92 victims, rose again, with 16 filed in 1883.", "title": "Legacy and aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "Writers in Railroad Gazette, a trade publication which had advocated in the wake of the wreck for many of the same measures as the coroner's jury, particularly the implementation of block signalling, took up the issues raised by the crash in a March issue. A brake inspector with the Massachusetts Central refuted an alternative theory as to why the express had come to a sudden stop where it did, that the brakes had \"crept\" on, explaining how safeguards in the system made that highly unlikely to happen on such a long train. Another writer shared his plan for how automatic block signalling could work, and a third proposed that the rules requiring brakemen to go out with flags or lanterns as Melius was supposed to also require that torpedoes be placed on the tracks at the farthest point from the train reached by the brakeman as he began his return to the train.", "title": "Legacy and aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "A year after the wreck, Melius was seen by someone who knew him and had been a witness to the wreck working as a horsecar driver in Manhattan. He had apparently grown out his facial hair considerably to conceal his appearance. Hanford continued to work for the Central until his death in a 1908 accident near Castleton, south of Albany, at 70.", "title": "Legacy and aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "It had also been suggested that the railroad straighten the course of the track and eliminate the curve. It did not do so, citing the cost of building two causeways over the creek and laying new track through Marble Hill to the east. The construction of the Harlem River Ship Canal in 1895 made a level route possible, and 20 years later the meander of Spuyten Duyvil Creek that had necessitated the curve up to Kingsbridge station was filled in. The track was straightened out and realigned along the river while the Central converted the land around the former mouth, where the crash had happened, into a freight yard. In 1968 the city took possession of the land, the tracks were removed, and John F. Kennedy High School was built on the property.", "title": "Legacy and aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "The eight killed in the wreck stood as the deadliest rail accident in New York City until another rear-end collision in the Park Avenue Tunnel took 15 lives almost 20 years to the day from the Spuyten Duyvil wreck. In the interim yet another collision on the Long Island Rail Road in Maspeth, Queens, killed 16 in 1893, but Queens was not yet part of New York City then.", "title": "Legacy and aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "George Carter Stent (1833–1884) was an English soldier in India and China, an agent of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Service, and a translator of Chinese texts into English.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "George Carter Stent was born in 1833, into a family of modest means. He was the second son of James Stent, of 2 King's Bridge, Canterbury. Shortly after his twentieth birthday he joined the British Army as a soldier of the 14th (King's Light) Dragoons and proceeded with the regiment to India, where in the 1850s he witnessed and later wrote about the Great Mutiny. By the mid-1860s, he was in China, serving in the guard of the British legation at Peking. He displayed an affinity for the Chinese language, and with the help of Thomas Francis Wade was recruited into the Maritime Customs Service. He died on 1 September 1884, at Takaw (Kaohsiung), China.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Puntland presidential election Somali: Doorashada Madaxweynaha Dawladda Puntland ee 2024) On January 8, 2024 is set to take place in Garowe, the administrative capital of the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia. This marks the fifth election since the state's formation in 1998. Preceding the election, a new Parliament Speaker and Deputy Speakers scheduled to be elected on January 4, 2024, by the 66-seat state legislature. The pool of candidates comprises officials from the current Puntland administration, former government ministers, and notable local entrepreneurs.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In a recent joint media session featuring Puntland’s President, Said Abdullahi Deni, UN Special Representative Catriona Laing acknowledged the state's leaders for their notable efforts in engaging diverse groups, Ms. Laing urged President Deni to extend this outreach beyond opposition leaders, elders, and clan representatives, emphasizing the inclusion of youth, women, and scholars. The objective is to build consensus and ensure a peaceful electoral process during the upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections, slated for February 2024, as proposed by the Puntland Electoral Commission (PEC).", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ms. Laing commended Puntland for its successful implementation of one person, one vote elections in May 2023, applauding the region as an \"island of stability\" and a democratic trailblazer, particularly through its effective district-level elections. She reaffirmed the United Nations' dedication to collaborating with the Puntland government and its people, working towards the realization of peaceful and inclusive parliamentary and presidential elections that gain recognition from all stakeholders.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Catriona Laing, the UN Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Somalia, visited Puntland. She discussed crucial issues with Puntland's leaders, political figures, and civil society representatives, covering topics like the state's ties with the Federal Government of Somalia.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The crisis in Laascaanood, UN Special Representative Catriona Laing highlighted the displacement of approximately 280,000 people due to the conflict that erupted in February. The unrest resulted in substantial loss of lives and the disruption of livelihoods for those affected.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On December 24, 2023. Deputy Chairman of Puntland Supreme Court, Ahmed Sheikh Omar Hassan, from SSC-KHATUMO, issues a personal legal opinion on SSC's exit, stating it lacks required legal procedures. Recommends Puntland proceed with elections, consider postponement, and designates sitting SSC MPs as temporary representatives in Puntland parliament until a resolution is reached.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Ms. Laing reported a relatively calm situation in Laascaanood with people returning home. Ongoing conflict resolution efforts were emphasized to prevent a resurgence of violence. The Special Representative and her team engaged with key stakeholders, including President Bihi, President Deni of Puntland, elders, Dhulbahante leaders, and the newly formed Sool, Sanaag, and Cayn (SSC) Committee. The primary messages conveyed were the advocacy for an immediate exchange of detainees, a commitment to avoiding further violence, and the initiation of dialogue.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "During her visit to Garowe, Ms. Laing met with leaders of opposition parties and representatives from local civil society organizations, fostering a comprehensive approach to addressing the complex situation in the region.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "This election marked a significant milestone in the political landscape of the Puntland, widely regarded as one of the most challenging contests since the establishment of Puntland. The incumbent president, Said Abdullahi Deni, faced formidable competition from notable candidates, including Abshir Omar Huruse, who, as the sitting Minister of Foreign Affairs, resigned from his position to participate in the electoral process.", "title": "Candidates" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Prior to President Said Abdullahi's term, Abdiweli Ali Gaas served as the preceding president. The election also featured prominent figures such as Hassan Shire Abgal, a former Minister of Finance, and Ahmed Isse Awad, former Minister of Foreign Affairs.", "title": "Candidates" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The electoral landscape was the candidacy of Abshir Omar Huruse, who took the decision to transition from his role as the Minister of Foreign Affairs to pursue the presidency. This decision added a dynamic element to the race, as Huruse brought his experience in foreign affairs to the forefront of his campaign.", "title": "Candidates" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The diverse pool of candidates reflected the depth of political engagement within Puntland, with each contender contributing a unique perspective and background to the electoral discourse. As the campaign unfolded, the candidates presented their visions for the region's future, addressing key issues and concerns.", "title": "Candidates" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Given the historical context and the notable figures involved, political observers closely monitored the election, recognizing its significance in shaping the trajectory of Puntland's governance. The candidates' platforms, policy proposals, and leadership styles were scrutinized by voters and the broader political community, reflecting the democratic process underway in Puntland.", "title": "Candidates" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Phil de Young OAM (born 1947) is a former head teacher of both Carey Baptist Grammar School and Trinity Grammar School as well as a leading educator and financial adviser in Australia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Phil de Young graduated from school in 1964 where he went to study at Monash University. While there, he joined the Monash University Blues Football Club in which he became its honorary member later in life. De Young completed his Bachelor of Economics (BEcon) and a Bachelor of Education (BEd) over the 1960s and early 1970s at the university.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "De Young also holds a Graduate Diploma in Financial Planning from the Financial Securities Institute of Australia.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "De Young began his career as a planner for the Australian Paper Manufacturers (AMCOR) but later became an economics and accounting teacher at Mentone Grammar School in 1975. After this, he accepted a teaching position Wesley College. Over his 18 years there he held various senior leadership positions including the Head of the Senior School at its St Kilda campus. However, in 1994, de Young was appointed the Head of Campus for one of Caulfield Grammar’s campuses until 1998. It was at this point in time where he became the financial services Director of Wilson Dilworth Limited. Despite this change in de Young’s career, Carey Baptist Grammar School appointed him the sixth Principal in 2002 in which he served in that position until March 2010. Since retiring in 2010, de Young returned to the financial sector in a variety of positions that included the inaugural Chief Executive Officer of the investment house, Evans and Partners in 2012.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He later became Headmaster of Trinity Grammar following a scandal at the school that required an interim leadership team between 2018 and 2019. De Young remains a sought after adviser for school leadership teams for independent Melbourne schools.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:People from Melbourne Category:Australian headmasters Category:Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1993 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1993 college football season. Selectors in 1993 included the Associated Press (AP).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "1993 College Football All-America Team", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "In 2002, American socialite Paris Hilton wore a silver dress designed by Julien Macdonald to celebrate her birthday in London. The dress is closely associated with Hilton and with early 2000s fashion in general.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "First appearing in the Julien Macdonald spring/summer 2002 ready-to-wear collection, the silver chainmail-style halter dress features a cowl neck and an asymmetric hem.", "title": "Design" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2015, i-D named Paris Hilton's 21st birthday one of the 35 \"most fashionable parties of all time\" in honor of the dress.", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Hilton has reworn the dress or similar garments on numerous occasions; like Hilton herself, the silver dress is seen as emblematic of 2000s culture and is often referenced by other fashion and pop culture figures. Model Kendall Jenner wore the same design on her own 21st birthday in 2016 and posted an Instagram photo with a caption referencing Hilton. In 2018, Hilton's sister Nicky Hilton wore the dress for Halloween, also referencing Paris' 21st birthday party in an Instagram post.", "title": "Legacy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The St. Clair Limestone is a geologic unit in Arkansas, and Oklahoma. It is classified as a Geologic Member in Indiana and Missouri. It dates back to the Middle of Silurian period. It is high density, high magnesium dolomitic limestone. It was originally classified as a marble in Oklahoma due to the fact that it would hold a high polish, hence Marble City. It is sold in slabs and as tiles, in a similar manner as marble would be. This unit has many economic uses in Arkansas and Oklahoma. It is used as a construction material, manufacture of quicklime, and manganese deposits are mined as well. The St Clair is designated as a member of the Bainbridge Group. The St. Clair is the Basial member of the Niagaran Series, making it part of the Tippecanoe sequence. Throughout most of the Sothern extent the unit is roughly 10 to 20' thick. Moving northward it thickens to approximately 80 to 100' thick in the Illinois Basin. At its northern most reaches where it grades in to the Joliet and Racine Formations it is about 150' thick.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The St. Clair is composed of course calcite grains to fine grains. It may contain partings of claystone or Mudstone. It can range in color from light-gray to chocolate brown, or even or purplish-black. Beds of pink crinoid remains are also found with in this unit, mostly toward the base.", "title": "Appearance" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Physical characteristics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 Territory Labor Party leadership election will be held on 21 December 2023 to elect a new leader of the Territory Labor Party and a Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, following the resignation of Natasha Fyles as Chief Minister. Nicole Manison has said she will run in the election.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 091215-N-0696M-442.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Adm. Mike Mullen lecturing at the NDU with Pakistani military officers attending the course. The NDU is managed and overseen by the AEC.]] The Pakistan Army Corps of Education is a military administrative branch of the Pakistan Army. The education corps is headquartered in Army GHQ with Maj-Gen. Kamal Anwar Chaudhry serving its director-general since 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Corps of Education was commissioned in the services of the Pakistan Army in 1951, but renamed it as Army Education Corps (AEC) in 1954. The Army Education Corps was formed to address the issue of literacy in the nation and to address the challenge of soldiers being qualified as privates to start their careers in the military.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Since its establishment in 1951, the army education corps oversees its massive operations of military-run schools, community colleges, and universities. The education corps is widely credited for improving literacy in the country while it also promotes nationalism in the country. Despite the impeding quality of education in rural areas, the army education corps has been credited for providing the education and literacy to its recruits while qualifying them for technical skills that helped the military and nation move towards the industrialization.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "However, the education and admission to the military-run universities are not restricted to the Pakistani military personnel but also admits larger numbers of civilians.{{rp| The primary mission of the army education corps is to raise the educational and technical standards of the recruits before heading to the military academy and eventually joining the army.", "title": "Overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Army Education Corps is commanded by the two-star rank, major-general, who works under the Inspector-General of Training and Evaluation (IG&T) at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi, Punjab in Pakistan.", "title": "Overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1975 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by the Associated Press (AP) as the best at each position in Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") during the 1975 NCAA Division I football season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Dushanbe-2 Power Plant is a coal-fired power station in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The power plant was commissioned in January 2014.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Natchiarkoil is a neighbourhood in Kumbakonam of Thanjavur of Tamil Nadu state in the peninsular India. This place is the home town to some of the most of the famous producers of traditional lamps viz., ' Kuththu Vilakku' which are made of brass.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Natchiarkoil is located at an altitude of about 46.79 metres (153.5 ft) above the mean sea level with the geographic coordinates of (10°55′04″N 79°26′44″E / 10.9177°N 79.4455°E / 10.9177; 79.4455) in Kumbakonam taluk.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "As of 2011 census of India, the population of Natchiarkoil was 7,505.", "title": "Population" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "There is a Hindu temple viz., Srinivasa Perumal Temple which is one of the 108 Divyadesams, at Natchiarkoil neighbourhood.", "title": "Religion" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Natchiarkoil comes under Thiruvidaimarudur state assembly constituency and Mayiladuthurai Parliamentary constituency.", "title": "Politics" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vitel'Homme Innocent (born March 17, 1986) is a Haitian gang leader who was added to the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list on November 15, 2023, for his role in the 2021 Haitian missionary kidnappings. A reward of up to 2 million dollars is offered for information leading to his capture.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born on March 27, 1986, in Haiti.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On October 24, 2023, he was charged with ordering the kidnapping of an American couple which left the woman dead. In January 2023, he killed four police officers in Pétion-Ville. He is convicted of the 2021 Haitian missionary kidnappings.", "title": "Charge" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The men's individual road time trial C1–5 competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The results were as follows:", "title": "Results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kaise Mujhe Tum Mil Gaye is an Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series that airs from 27th November 2023 onwards on Zee TV and streams digitally on Zee5. Produced by Mukta Dhond and B.P. Singh under Fireworks Productions, it stars Sriti Jha & Arjit Taneja.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Amruta Chitnis does not want to hurry marriage, and wants to find a suitable and understanding partner first. On the other hand, Virat Singh Ahuja is someone who has been cheated in love and believes love and relationships are all fake, and that all women are money-minded. The series follows the love story of these two contrasting personalities.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Amruta is a banker, who lives with her father Jayesh, mother Bhavani and brother Harsh. On the day of her parents' 30th wedding anniversary, she happens to attend a roka ceremony of the wealthy family, the Ahuja. One of the heirs, Nimrit, is the main one concerned while the other, Virat, is in charge of the organization. Their mother Babita asks her to transfer a huge amount to the groom's account as a \"roka gift\". While transferring the money, she talks to Harsh over call and tells how rich people give dowry calling it as roka gifts, but this conversation is heard by the others who immediately form a very bad opinion of her.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Ahujas move to a penthouse which is near Amruta's apartment where the anniversary functions were happening, adding fuel to the feud. Jayesh has an affair with Ishika, his new neighbor and Babita's friend. On the same day the following incidents take place, Jayesh declares that he wants to separate of his wife who he finds boring and wants to live with Ishika. He thinks his children will choose him, but they choose their mother and leaves with her and moves in to Jahaan's, their kind neighbor.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Having been fired from the bank by Virat, Amruta loses her only opportunity to support her mother and brother, both a stay-at-home mother and a student respectively. But by blackmailing the Ahuja family into exposing their dowry scam, she ends up getting it back, on the sole condition of doing Virat's orders as his PA. In the meantime, her father asks for a divorce from her mother who refuses to leave her home for the sake of her children.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The series is produced by Mukta Dhond and B.P. Singh under Fireworks Productions, and follows the story of two contrasting personalities and their views on love and marriage. The series name is inspired from a song named \"Kaise Mujhe\", of the film Ghajini.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Sriti Jha took help of her on-screen mother Hemangi Kavi, for her Marathi dialect. For a sequence, Jha also donned the traditional Marathi Kasta sari.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Sriti Jha was cast as Amruta, a strong and independent Marathi girl. Arjit Taneja was cast as Virat, a Punjabi boy who does not believe in relationships. It marks their second collaboration after Kumkum Bhagya.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Hemangi Kavi was cast as Amruta's mother Bhavani, while Kishori Shahane was cast as Virat's mother, Babita.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Kaise Mujhe Tum Mil Gaye is set in Mumbai and is mainly shot at Film City, Mumbai. It is also shot at various locations in the city.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The series was released on 27th November 2023 on Zee TV and Zee5. Jha and Taneja also visited Delhi, to promote their show and interacted with the media.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Kaise Mujhe Tum Mil Gaye soundtrack is composed by Aashish Rego.", "title": "Soundtrack" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stephen Castles (1944–2022) was a scholar of migration studies. He was the founder of the International Migration Institute at the University of Oxford, where he also served as the Director of the Refugee Studies Centre, between 2001 and 2006.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The women's individual road time trial C1–5 competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The results were as follows:", "title": "Results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rainbow (Thai: เรนโบว์) were a Thai pop band active from the 1980s to the early 1990s.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Rainbow was planted in 1985 by gathering some members from Inthanin (อินทนิล), the first band under RS. The lead vocalist Peerapong \"Tom\" Polchana was also one of Inthanin's musicians.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The name Rainbow comes from Rainbow, the British rock band, which Polchana favours guitarist Ritchie Blackmore.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "When the first album was released, the band has not yet achieved success. They achieved success with their second album Kwam Nai Jai. It rose to #1 on charts throughout the northeast and nationwide incredibly.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Their popular songs include Kwam Nai Jai (ความในใจ, \"inwardness\"), Jod Mai Chabab Sud Thai (จดหมายฉบับสุดท้าย, \"the last letter\"), Young Wang (ยังหวัง, \"still hope\"), Yak Hai Ru Jai (อยากให้รู้ใจ, \"I want you to know my heart\"), Tang Chiwit (ทั้งชีวิต, \"all my life\"), Tao Nan Ko Pho (เท่านั้นก็พอ, \"that's enough\"), Kho Kae Kid Tueng (ขอแค่คิดถึง, \"just miss you\"), Jai Diao (ใจเดียว, \"single-minded\"), Sanya Jai (สัญญาใจ, \"promise the heart\"), etc.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Rainbow's well-known prominent point is the voice of lead vocalist, Polchana, which is sweet and unchanged even after many years have passed.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Many of the band's famous songs are low-tempo songs with Chinese melodies, following the trend of Chinese pop culture that was popular in Thailand at that time.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "After releasing eight studio albums and six–seven special albums, including compilation albums as well. The members had reached saturation point. Therefore, ended the band for good.", "title": "History overview" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In October 2023, Rainbow had reunion and releasing new single for the first time in 30 years Yak Krasip Wa Rak Ter (อยากกระซิบว่า...รักเธอ, \"I want to whisper that...I love you\") under ONCEALL MUSIC, a new label that the band manage themselves.", "title": "History overview" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2018 Clarksville mayoral election took place on November 6, 2018. All Clarksville municipal elections are required to be non-partisan. Incumbent Democratic mayor Kim McMillan ran for re-election, but lost her bid to a third term, loosing by 213 votes to Democrat Joe Pitts in a 4-way race. Bill Summers who came in 3rd place, was seen as the Conservative candidate in this election. The mayoral election coincided with other elections, including races for Clarksville City Council.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Clarksville is competitive for both major political parties, in the 2016 United States presidential election, Clarksville voted for Donald Trump by 7.6%", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Bruneian ambassador in Dili is the official representative of the Government in Bandar Seri Begawan to the Government of the East Timor.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Representation is as follows (years refer to dates of actual service):", "title": "Chronology" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "8°33′14″S 125°32′30″E / 8.5538312°S 125.5415748°E / -8.5538312; 125.5415748", "title": "List of ambassadors" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sweeping Promises is an American indie rock duo from Boston, Massachusetts now based in Lawrence, Kansas consisting of Lira Mondal and Caufield Schnug.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The band's origin traces back to their meeting during their undergraduate years at Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas in 2008. Initially part of various musical endeavors, they found themselves writing exclusively together, solidifying a trust and respect that would define their collaboration over the next decade. In their early years, the duo navigated the Arkansas music scene, contributing to various projects. However, it was during a spontaneous jam session in an abandoned science lab-turned-art space in Boston that Sweeping Promises formed in late 2019. During the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, the band relocated to Lawrence, Kansas, where they bought a house and attached studio.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sweeping Promises garnered attention with their debut album, Hunger for a Way Out released in August 2020. The album showcased a distinctive post-punk sound characterized by raw energy, angular guitars, and compelling vocals. The critical acclaim for the album marked Sweeping Promises as a noteworthy addition to the post-punk music landscape. Notably, Gimmie Gimmie Gimmie Zine declared the album their favorite release of 2020, praising its simplicity, spirit, and thrilling qualities.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In June 2023, Sweeping Promises unveiled their second album, titled Good Living Is Coming For You. The recording process is notable for its departure from the single-mic technique employed in their debut. In an interview discussing the album, Caufield Schnug, one half of the duo, emphasized the significance of recording in diverse and imprecise spaces, rejecting the control-centric mindset often associated with modern recordings.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ivan Loveridge Bennett (April 18, 1892 – June 15, 1980) was an American military chaplain who served as Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army from 1952 to 1954.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The flag of Bishkek is the official symbol of the city of republican significance Bishkek.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The flag of the city is a blue cloth on which the coat of arms of the city of Bishkek itself is depicted in a white circle. The coat of arms of the city of Bishkek «represents a rectangular silhouette of a fortress, where «Bishkek» is written below under the broken line of mountains in large letters, and above it on the wall of the fortress is a light square with Ilbirs (snow leopard) in the center of the circle».", "title": "Design" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The snow leopard is an animal that lives in the rocks of the sky-high mountains, most of Ala-Too (Tian Shan). Nobility and generosity on the verge of caution have been noted in him since ancient times. In numerous legends, the snow leopard is a symbol of courage and endurance. Which is the standard of courage for warriors. Therefore, the totem of Manas is the snow leopard. This significantly elevated symbol expresses the centuries-old way of life of the nation. Circle and square. The sun and the unity of time combined with space, the square — the four cardinal directions.", "title": "Rationale for the symbol" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jessica Cooper Anderson (born 1978) is an American public policy analyst serving as the mayor of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, since December 18, 2023. She previously served on the Chapel Hill Town Council for eight years and has worked in the public policy department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill since 2022. She is a member of the Democratic Party.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Anderson received her bachelor's degree in journalism at Northeastern University and earned her Master of Public Policy in social policy from the Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University. She moved to Chapel Hill around 2010. She used to be a senior policy analyst at the SERVE Center at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, assessing school districts in North Carolina and advising communities nationally on efforts to combat youth homelessness. She became a professor of the practice in the public policy department of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2022.", "title": "Education and professional career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Anderson served two four-year terms on the Chapel Hill Town Council from 2015 to 2023. In her first election in 2015, she was endorsed by the new political action committee Chapel Hill Alliance for a Livable Town (CHALT) and received the most votes of any council candidate. She served as mayor pro tempore from 2017 to 2019 and was reelected to the council in 2019, again as the top vote getter. She led the town to hire its first urban designer and adopt a \"Complete Community\" framework, proposed by urban planner Jennifer Keesmaat, meant to promote sustainable development and affordable housing.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Anderson announced her mayoral candidacy in July 2023. She was endorsed by outgoing mayor Pam Hemminger, most of the incumbent town council, the Sierra Club, Indy Week, and the local advocacy group NEXT. As in past years, this election cycle—the most expensive in town history—was marked by disagreement over the direction of development. Opponent Adam Searing, a fellow council member, ran alongside a slate of council candidates opposed to the Complete Community strategy. Anderson won the November election with 7,092 votes (59%) to 4,943 (41%), and candidates aligned with her won three of the four open council seats.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Anderson was sworn in as mayor on December 18, 2023.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Anderson is married to Karthik Shyam, a communications strategist, and has two children.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lynelle Maginley-Liddie is an attorney and Commissioner of the New York City Department of Correction. She previously served as an agency attorney and First Deputy Commissioner for the Department. As First Deputy Commissioner, she lead department efforts to provide access to COVID-19 vaccinations during the pandemic.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Maginley-Liddie began her career as an Associate at the law firm of Leader Berkon Colao & Silverstein LLP. She received her Juris Doctor from Fordham University School of Law. She graduated Magna Cum Laude with a Bachelor’s degree in Government from John Jay College of Criminal Justice.", "title": "Biography" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "BKG may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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