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[ { "title": "House of Lords", "text": "Unlike the elected House of Commons , all members of the House of Lords ( excluding 90 hereditary peers elected among themselves and two peers who are ex officio members ) are appointed . The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal . The Lords Spiritual are 26 bishops in the established Church of England . Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission . However , they also include some hereditary peers including four dukes . Membership was once an entitlement of all hereditary peers , other than those in the peerage of Ireland , but under the House of Lords Act 1999 , the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers . Very few of these are female since most hereditary peerages can only be inherited by men . ", "sentences": [ "Unlike the elected House of Commons , all members of the House of Lords ( excluding 90 hereditary peers elected among themselves and two peers who are ex officio members ) are appointed .", "The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal .", "The Lords Spiritual are 26 bishops in the established Church of England .", "Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission .", "However , they also include some hereditary peers including four dukes .", "Membership was once an entitlement of all hereditary peers , other than those in the peerage of Ireland , but under the House of Lords Act 1999 , the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers .", "Very few of these are female since most hereditary peerages can only be inherited by men ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal . Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission . Membership was once an entitlement of all hereditary peers , other than those in the peerage of Ireland , but under the House of Lords Act 1999 , the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers .", "selected_sentences": [ "The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal .", "Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission .", "Membership was once an entitlement of all hereditary peers , other than those in the peerage of Ireland , but under the House of Lords Act 1999 , the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The membership of the House of Lords is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission .", "selected_sentences": [ "The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal .", "Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Sevens, Elevens, and Doubles", "text": "The players place a glass of alcohol in the middle of the table . The first player throws the dice . If they roll a 7 , 11 or a double , the roller chooses a player to drink . If the roll is none of those , then the roller passes the dice to the left . Once a player rolls a 7 , 11 or a double , they choose a player to drink . The player chosen to drink must consume everything in the center glass before the roller is able to roll another 7 , 11 or a double . If they are successful in rolling before the glass is empty , the glass is refilled and the drinker tries again until successful . If the roller touches the dice before the drinker touches the cup , their roles are reversed . At any point , another player ( `` the rescuer '' ) may `` save '' the drinker by taking the glass and ", "sentences": [ "The players place a glass of alcohol in the middle of the table .", "The first player throws the dice .", "If they roll a 7 , 11 or a double , the roller chooses a player to drink .", "If the roll is none of those , then the roller passes the dice to the left .", "Once a player rolls a 7 , 11 or a double , they choose a player to drink .", "The player chosen to drink must consume everything in the center glass before the roller is able to roll another 7 , 11 or a double .", "If they are successful in rolling before the glass is empty , the glass is refilled and the drinker tries again until successful .", "If the roller touches the dice before the drinker touches the cup , their roles are reversed .", "At any point , another player ( `` the rescuer '' ) may `` save '' the drinker by taking the glass and" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A glass of alcohol is placed in the middle of the table before the first player throws the dice. If they roll a 7, 11 or a double, the roller chooses a player to drink. If the roll is none of those, the dice are passed to the left. The player chosen to drink must consume everything in the center glass before the roller is able to roll another 7, 11 or a double. If they are successful in rolling before the glass is empty, the glass is refilled and the drinker tries again until successful. If the roller touches the dice before the drinker touches the cup, their roles are reversed. At any point, another player (``the rescuer'') may ``save'' the drinker by taking the glass.", "selected_sentences": [ "The players place a glass of alcohol in the middle of the table .", "The first player throws the dice .", "If they roll a 7 , 11 or a double , the roller chooses a player to drink .", "If the roll is none of those , then the roller passes the dice to the left .", "The player chosen to drink must consume everything in the center glass before the roller is able to roll another 7 , 11 or a double .", "If they are successful in rolling before the glass is empty , the glass is refilled and the drinker tries again until successful .", "If the roller touches the dice before the drinker touches the cup , their roles are reversed .", "At any point , another player ( `` the rescuer '' ) may `` save '' the drinker by taking the glass and" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Base pair", "text": "The size of an individual gene or an organism 's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double - stranded . Hence , the number of total base pairs is equal to the number of nucleotides in one of the strands ( with the exception of non-coding single - stranded regions of telomeres ) . The haploid human genome ( 23 chromosomes ) is estimated to be about 3.2 billion bases long and to contain 20,000 -- 25,000 distinct protein - coding genes . A kilobase ( kb ) is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA . The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 × 10 , and weighs 50 billion tonnes . In comparison , the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC ( trillion tons of carbon ) . ", "sentences": [ "The size of an individual gene or an organism 's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double - stranded .", "Hence , the number of total base pairs is equal to the number of nucleotides in one of the strands ( with the exception of non-coding single - stranded regions of telomeres ) .", "The haploid human genome ( 23 chromosomes ) is estimated to be about 3.2 billion bases long and to contain 20,000 -- 25,000 distinct protein - coding genes .", "A kilobase ( kb ) is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA .", "The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 × 10 , and weighs 50 billion tonnes .", "In comparison , the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC ( trillion tons of carbon ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The size of an individual gene or an organism's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double stranded. A kilobase is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA.", "selected_sentences": [ "The size of an individual gene or an organism 's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double - stranded .", "A kilobase ( kb ) is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Maya civilization", "text": "The Archaic period , prior to 2000 BC , saw the first developments in agriculture and the earliest villages . The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region , and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet , including maize , beans , squashes , and chili peppers . The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC , and by 500 BC these cities possessed monumental architecture , including large temples with elaborate stucco façades . Hieroglyphic writing was being used in the Maya region by the 3rd century BC . In the Late Preclassic a number of large cities developed in the Petén Basin , and Kaminaljuyu rose to prominence in the Guatemalan Highlands . Beginning around 250 AD , the Classic period is largely defined as when the Maya were raising sculpted monuments with Long Count dates . This period saw the Maya civilization develop a large number of city - states linked by a complex trade network . In the Maya Lowlands two great rivals , Tikal and Calakmul , became powerful . The Classic period also saw the intrusive intervention of the central Mexican city of Teotihuacan in Maya dynastic politics . In the 9th century , there was a widespread political collapse in the central Maya region , resulting in internecine warfare , the abandonment of cities , and a northward shift of population . The Postclassic period saw the rise of Chichen Itza in the north , and the expansion of the aggressive K'iche ' kingdom in the Guatemalan Highlands . In the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region , and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén , the last Maya city , in 1697 . ", "sentences": [ "The Archaic period , prior to 2000 BC , saw the first developments in agriculture and the earliest villages .", "The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region , and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet , including maize , beans , squashes , and chili peppers .", "The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC , and by 500 BC these cities possessed monumental architecture , including large temples with elaborate stucco façades .", "Hieroglyphic writing was being used in the Maya region by the 3rd century BC .", "In the Late Preclassic a number of large cities developed in the Petén Basin , and Kaminaljuyu rose to prominence in the Guatemalan Highlands .", "Beginning around 250 AD , the Classic period is largely defined as when the Maya were raising sculpted monuments with Long Count dates .", "This period saw the Maya civilization develop a large number of city - states linked by a complex trade network .", "In the Maya Lowlands two great rivals , Tikal and Calakmul , became powerful .", "The Classic period also saw the intrusive intervention of the central Mexican city of Teotihuacan in Maya dynastic politics .", "In the 9th century , there was a widespread political collapse in the central Maya region , resulting in internecine warfare , the abandonment of cities , and a northward shift of population .", "The Postclassic period saw the rise of Chichen Itza in the north , and the expansion of the aggressive K'iche ' kingdom in the Guatemalan Highlands .", "In the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region , and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén , the last Maya city , in 1697 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region, and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet, including maize, beans, squashes, and chili peppers.\r\nIn the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region, and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén, the last Maya city, in 1697.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region , and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet , including maize , beans , squashes , and chili peppers .", "In the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region , and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén , the last Maya city , in 1697 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Preclassic period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC. In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén, the last Maya city, in 1697.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region , and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet , including maize , beans , squashes , and chili peppers .", "The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC , and by 500 BC these cities possessed monumental architecture , including large temples with elaborate stucco façades .", "In the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region , and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén , the last Maya city , in 1697 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Call of Duty: Black Ops III", "text": "Black Ops III takes place in 2065 , 40 years after the events of Black Ops II , in a world facing upheaval from climate change and new technologies . Similar to its predecessors , the story follows a group of black ops soldiers . The game 's campaign is designed to support 4 - player cooperative gameplay , allowing for bigger , more open level design and less corridor shooting . As the player character is cybernetically enhanced , players have access to various special activities . The game also features a standalone Zombies mode , and a `` Nightmares '' mode which replaces all enemies as zombies . ", "sentences": [ "Black Ops III takes place in 2065 , 40 years after the events of Black Ops II , in a world facing upheaval from climate change and new technologies .", "Similar to its predecessors , the story follows a group of black ops soldiers .", "The game 's campaign is designed to support 4 - player cooperative gameplay , allowing for bigger , more open level design and less corridor shooting .", "As the player character is cybernetically enhanced , players have access to various special activities .", "The game also features a standalone Zombies mode , and a `` Nightmares '' mode which replaces all enemies as zombies ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Call of duty: Black Ops III takes place in 2065 in a world facing upheaval from climate change and new technologies. The game features a standalone Zombies mode, and a `` Nightmares '' mode which replaces all enemies as zombies. The game's campaign is designed to support 4-player cooperative gameplay, allowing for bigger, more open level design and less corridor shooting.", "selected_sentences": [ "Black Ops III takes place in 2065 , 40 years after the events of Black Ops II , in a world facing upheaval from climate change and new technologies .", "The game 's campaign is designed to support 4 - player cooperative gameplay , allowing for bigger , more open level design and less corridor shooting .", "The game also features a standalone Zombies mode , and a `` Nightmares '' mode which replaces all enemies as zombies ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Call of duty: Black Ops III takes place in 2065 in a world facing upheaval from climate change and new technologies. The game features a standalone Zombies mode, and a `` Nightmares '' mode which replaces all enemies as zombies.", "selected_sentences": [ "Black Ops III takes place in 2065 , 40 years after the events of Black Ops II , in a world facing upheaval from climate change and new technologies .", "The game also features a standalone Zombies mode , and a `` Nightmares '' mode which replaces all enemies as zombies ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Foul ball", "text": "In general , when a batted ball is ruled a foul ball , the ball is dead , all runners must return to their time - of - pitch base without liability to be put out , and the batter returns to home plate to continue his turn at bat . A strike is issued for the batter if he had fewer than two strikes . If the batter already has two strikes against him when he hits a foul ball , a strike is not issued unless the ball was bunted to become a foul ball , in which case a third strike is issued and a strikeout recorded for the batter and pitcher . A strike is , however , recorded for the pitcher for every foul ball the batter hits , regardless of the count . If any member of the fielding team catches a foul ball before it touches the ground or lands outside the field perimeter , the batter is out . However , the caught ball is in play and base runners may attempt to advance . ", "sentences": [ "In general , when a batted ball is ruled a foul ball , the ball is dead , all runners must return to their time - of - pitch base without liability to be put out , and the batter returns to home plate to continue his turn at bat .", "A strike is issued for the batter if he had fewer than two strikes .", "If the batter already has two strikes against him when he hits a foul ball , a strike is not issued unless the ball was bunted to become a foul ball , in which case a third strike is issued and a strikeout recorded for the batter and pitcher .", "A strike is , however , recorded for the pitcher for every foul ball the batter hits , regardless of the count .", "If any member of the fielding team catches a foul ball before it touches the ground or lands outside the field perimeter , the batter is out .", "However , the caught ball is in play and base runners may attempt to advance ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In general, when a batted ball is ruled a foul ball, the ball is dead. If any member of the fielding team catches a foul ball before it touches the ground or lands outside the field perimeter, the batter is out.", "selected_sentences": [ "In general , when a batted ball is ruled a foul ball , the ball is dead , all runners must return to their time - of - pitch base without liability to be put out , and the batter returns to home plate to continue his turn at bat .", "If any member of the fielding team catches a foul ball before it touches the ground or lands outside the field perimeter , the batter is out ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Third World", "text": "The term `` Third World '' arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc . The United States , Canada , Japan , South Korea , Western European nations and their allies represented the First World , while the Soviet Union , China , Cuba , and their allies represented the Second World . This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political and economic divisions . Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War , the term Third World has been used less and less . It is being replaced with terms such as developing countries , least developed countries or the Global South . The concept itself has become outdated as it no longer represents the current political or economic state of the world . ", "sentences": [ "The term `` Third World '' arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc .", "The United States , Canada , Japan , South Korea , Western European nations and their allies represented the First World , while the Soviet Union , China , Cuba , and their allies represented the Second World .", "This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political and economic divisions .", "Since the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War , the term Third World has been used less and less .", "It is being replaced with terms such as developing countries , least developed countries or the Global South .", "The concept itself has become outdated as it no longer represents the current political or economic state of the world ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The term `` Third World '' arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc. The United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Western European nations and their allies represented the First World, while the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and their allies represented the Second World. However, the concept itself has become outdated as it does not represent the current political or economic state of the world any longer.", "selected_sentences": [ "The term `` Third World '' arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc .", "The United States , Canada , Japan , South Korea , Western European nations and their allies represented the First World , while the Soviet Union , China , Cuba , and their allies represented the Second World .", "The concept itself has become outdated as it no longer represents the current political or economic state of the world ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "High-voltage direct current", "text": "A high - voltage , direct current ( HVDC ) electric power transmission system ( also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway ) uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power , in contrast with the more common alternating current ( AC ) systems . For long - distance transmission , HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses . For underwater power cables , HVDC avoids the heavy currents required to charge and discharge the cable capacitance each cycle . For shorter distances , the higher cost of DC conversion equipment compared to an AC system may still be justified , due to other benefits of direct current links . HVDC uses voltages between 100 kV and 1,500 kV . ", "sentences": [ "A high - voltage , direct current ( HVDC ) electric power transmission system ( also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway ) uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power , in contrast with the more common alternating current ( AC ) systems .", "For long - distance transmission , HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses .", "For underwater power cables , HVDC avoids the heavy currents required to charge and discharge the cable capacitance each cycle .", "For shorter distances , the higher cost of DC conversion equipment compared to an AC system may still be justified , due to other benefits of direct current links .", "HVDC uses voltages between 100 kV and 1,500 kV ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "For long distance transmission, HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses. For shorter distances, the higher cost of DC conversion equipment compared to an AC system may still be justified, due to other benefits of direct current links.", "selected_sentences": [ "For long - distance transmission , HVDC systems may be less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses .", "For shorter distances , the higher cost of DC conversion equipment compared to an AC system may still be justified , due to other benefits of direct current links ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Depoe Bay Whale Watching Center", "text": "Approximately 20,000 whales migrate southward past the center from mid-December to end of January each year . The same number migrate northward , but are distributed throughout mid-March through the first week of June . Gray whales are the most commonly sighted whales year round along the Oregon Coast . Prime viewing is during the migration seasons of December through January , and March through June . July will bring summer feeding whales with peak viewing August through October . Summer is when the whales are the closest to shore making them easier to watch . Other types of whales observed are humpbacks , minkes , orca , and sometimes sperm and blue whale . There are approximately 2500 unique whale individuals observed from the center each year . ", "sentences": [ "Approximately 20,000 whales migrate southward past the center from mid-December to end of January each year .", "The same number migrate northward , but are distributed throughout mid-March through the first week of June .", "Gray whales are the most commonly sighted whales year round along the Oregon Coast .", "Prime viewing is during the migration seasons of December through January , and March through June .", "July will bring summer feeding whales with peak viewing August through October .", "Summer is when the whales are the closest to shore making them easier to watch .", "Other types of whales observed are humpbacks , minkes , orca , and sometimes sperm and blue whale .", "There are approximately 2500 unique whale individuals observed from the center each year ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Gray whales are the most commonly sighted whales year round along the Oregon Coast, other types of whales observed are humpbacks, minkes, orca, and sometimes sperm and blue whale.", "selected_sentences": [ "Gray whales are the most commonly sighted whales year round along the Oregon Coast .", "Other types of whales observed are humpbacks , minkes , orca , and sometimes sperm and blue whale ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Delivery (The Office)", "text": "Since Pam and Kevin ( Brian Baumgartner ) have gotten hungry at the same times , they have enjoyed regular meals together , and Kevin prepares her one final `` Ultra Feast '' before she gives birth . When the contractions appear to become too extreme , Jim , Michael , and Kevin all think it is time for her to go to the hospital . Pam still refuses , and finally breaks down admitting she is too scared to give birth . Jim initially assures her that everything will be all right , but goes into a panic when he 's informed she is now at 2 minutes in between contractions ( 5 -- 7 minutes is the suggested time to leave for the hospital ) . Pam finally acquiesces and Michael drives her and Jim to the hospital , with Dwight `` escorting '' them . Pam realizes she has forgotten her iPod with her desired birth music on it so they request that Dwight retrieve it from their house , asking that he not `` touch anything '' . After 19 hours of labor Cecelia Marie Halpert is born at 8 : 31 pm , weighing in at 7 lbs 2oz . ", "sentences": [ "Since Pam and Kevin ( Brian Baumgartner ) have gotten hungry at the same times , they have enjoyed regular meals together , and Kevin prepares her one final `` Ultra Feast '' before she gives birth .", "When the contractions appear to become too extreme , Jim , Michael , and Kevin all think it is time for her to go to the hospital .", "Pam still refuses , and finally breaks down admitting she is too scared to give birth .", "Jim initially assures her that everything will be all right , but goes into a panic when he 's informed she is now at 2 minutes in between contractions ( 5 -- 7 minutes is the suggested time to leave for the hospital ) .", "Pam finally acquiesces and Michael drives her and Jim to the hospital , with Dwight `` escorting '' them .", "Pam realizes she has forgotten her iPod with her desired birth music on it so they request that Dwight retrieve it from their house , asking that he not `` touch anything '' .", "After 19 hours of labor Cecelia Marie Halpert is born at 8 : 31 pm , weighing in at 7 lbs 2oz ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In \"The Delivery\", Pam finally breaks down admitting she is too scared to give birth. Jim initially assures her that everything will be all right, but goes into a panic when he's informed she is now at 2 minutes in between contractions. After 19 hours of labor Cecelia Marie Halpert is born.", "selected_sentences": [ "Pam still refuses , and finally breaks down admitting she is too scared to give birth .", "Jim initially assures her that everything will be all right , but goes into a panic when he 's informed she is now at 2 minutes in between contractions ( 5 -- 7 minutes is the suggested time to leave for the hospital ) .", "After 19 hours of labor Cecelia Marie Halpert is born at 8 : 31 pm , weighing in at 7 lbs 2oz ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In \"The Delivery\", Michael drove Pam to the hospital and after 19 hours of labor, Cecelia Marie Halpert was born.", "selected_sentences": [ "Pam finally acquiesces and Michael drives her and Jim to the hospital , with Dwight `` escorting '' them .", "After 19 hours of labor Cecelia Marie Halpert is born at 8 : 31 pm , weighing in at 7 lbs 2oz ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "New Mexico", "text": "At total area 121,699 square miles ( 315,200 km ) , the state is the fifth - largest state of the US , and slightly larger than British Isles . New Mexico 's eastern border lies along 103 ° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma , and ( due to a 19th - century surveying error ) 2.2 miles ( 3.5 km ) west of 103 ° W longitude with Texas . On the southern border , Texas makes up the eastern two - thirds , while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third , with Chihuahua making up about 90 % of that . The western border with Arizona runs along the 109 ° 03 ' W longitude . The southwestern corner of the state is known as the Bootheel . The 37 ° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado . The states of New Mexico , Colorado , Arizona , and Utah come together at the Four Corners in New Mexico 's northwestern corner . New Mexico , although a large state , has very little water . Its surface water area is about 250 square miles ( 650 km ) . ", "sentences": [ "At total area 121,699 square miles ( 315,200 km ) , the state is the fifth - largest state of the US , and slightly larger than British Isles .", "New Mexico 's eastern border lies along 103 ° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma , and ( due to a 19th - century surveying error ) 2.2 miles ( 3.5 km ) west of 103 ° W longitude with Texas .", "On the southern border , Texas makes up the eastern two - thirds , while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third , with Chihuahua making up about 90 % of that .", "The western border with Arizona runs along the 109 ° 03 ' W longitude .", "The southwestern corner of the state is known as the Bootheel .", "The 37 ° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado .", "The states of New Mexico , Colorado , Arizona , and Utah come together at the Four Corners in New Mexico 's northwestern corner .", "New Mexico , although a large state , has very little water .", "Its surface water area is about 250 square miles ( 650 km ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "New Mexico's eastern border lies along 103 ° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and 2.2 miles west of 103 ° W longitude with Texas. On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two - thirds, while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third, with Chihuahua making up about 90 % of that. The western border with Arizona runs along the 109 ° 03 ' W longitude. The 37 ° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado.", "selected_sentences": [ "New Mexico 's eastern border lies along 103 ° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma , and ( due to a 19th - century surveying error ) 2.2 miles ( 3.5 km ) west of 103 ° W longitude with Texas .", "On the southern border , Texas makes up the eastern two - thirds , while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third , with Chihuahua making up about 90 % of that .", "The western border with Arizona runs along the 109 ° 03 ' W longitude .", "The 37 ° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "New Mexico's borders the states of Oklahoma and Texas in the east. On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two thirds, while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third. The western border with Arizona runs along the 109 ° 03 ' W longitude. The 37 ° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado.", "selected_sentences": [ "New Mexico 's eastern border lies along 103 ° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma , and ( due to a 19th - century surveying error ) 2.2 miles ( 3.5 km ) west of 103 ° W longitude with Texas .", "On the southern border , Texas makes up the eastern two - thirds , while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third , with Chihuahua making up about 90 % of that .", "The western border with Arizona runs along the 109 ° 03 ' W longitude .", "The 37 ° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "A Hard Day's Night (film)", "text": "Unlike most productions , it was filmed in near sequential order , as stated by Lennon in 1964 . Filming began on 2 March 1964 at Marylebone station in London ( sometimes misidentified as Paddington ) . The Beatles had joined the actors ' union , Equity , only that morning . The first week of filming was on a train travelling between London and Minehead . On 10 March , scenes with Ringo were shot at the Turk 's Head pub in Twickenham , and over the following week various interior scenes were filmed at Twickenham Studios . From 23 to 30 March , filming moved to the Scala Theatre , and on 31 March , concert footage was shot there , although the group mimed to backing tracks . The `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' segment , which featured creative camera work and the band running and jumping around in a field was shot on 23 April 1964 at Thornbury Playing Fields , Isleworth , Middlesex . The final scene was filmed the following day in West Ealing , London , where Ringo obligingly drops his coat over puddles for a lady to step on , only to discover that the final puddle is actually a large hole in the road . ", "sentences": [ "Unlike most productions , it was filmed in near sequential order , as stated by Lennon in 1964 .", "Filming began on 2 March 1964 at Marylebone station in London ( sometimes misidentified as Paddington ) .", "The Beatles had joined the actors ' union , Equity , only that morning .", "The first week of filming was on a train travelling between London and Minehead .", "On 10 March , scenes with Ringo were shot at the Turk 's Head pub in Twickenham , and over the following week various interior scenes were filmed at Twickenham Studios .", "From 23 to 30 March , filming moved to the Scala Theatre , and on 31 March , concert footage was shot there , although the group mimed to backing tracks .", "The `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' segment , which featured creative camera work and the band running and jumping around in a field was shot on 23 April 1964 at Thornbury Playing Fields , Isleworth , Middlesex .", "The final scene was filmed the following day in West Ealing , London , where Ringo obligingly drops his coat over puddles for a lady to step on , only to discover that the final puddle is actually a large hole in the road ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A Hard Day's Night was filmed in near sequential order , as stated by Lennon in 1964 . The filming began on 2 March 1964. On 10 March , scenes with Ringo were shot. From 23 to 30 March , filming moved to the Scala Theatre , and on 31 March , concert footage was shot there. The `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' segment was shot on 23 April 1964. The final scene was filmed the following day.", "selected_sentences": [ "Unlike most productions , it was filmed in near sequential order , as stated by Lennon in 1964 .", "Filming began on 2 March 1964 at Marylebone station in London ( sometimes misidentified as Paddington ) .", "On 10 March , scenes with Ringo were shot at the Turk 's Head pub in Twickenham , and over the following week various interior scenes were filmed at Twickenham Studios .", "From 23 to 30 March , filming moved to the Scala Theatre , and on 31 March , concert footage was shot there , although the group mimed to backing tracks .", "The `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' segment , which featured creative camera work and the band running and jumping around in a field was shot on 23 April 1964 at Thornbury Playing Fields , Isleworth , Middlesex .", "The final scene was filmed the following day in West Ealing , London , where Ringo obligingly drops his coat over puddles for a lady to step on , only to discover that the final puddle is actually a large hole in the road ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A Hard Day's Night was filmed in near sequential order, as stated by Lennon in 1964. The filming began on 2 March 1964. On 10 March, scenes with Ringo were shot. From 23 to 30 March, filming moved to the Scala Theatre, and on 31 March, concert footage was shot there. The ``Can't Buy Me Love'' segment was shot on 23 April 1964. The final scene was filmed the following day.", "selected_sentences": [ "Unlike most productions , it was filmed in near sequential order , as stated by Lennon in 1964 .", "Filming began on 2 March 1964 at Marylebone station in London ( sometimes misidentified as Paddington ) .", "On 10 March , scenes with Ringo were shot at the Turk 's Head pub in Twickenham , and over the following week various interior scenes were filmed at Twickenham Studios .", "From 23 to 30 March , filming moved to the Scala Theatre , and on 31 March , concert footage was shot there , although the group mimed to backing tracks .", "The `` Ca n't Buy Me Love '' segment , which featured creative camera work and the band running and jumping around in a field was shot on 23 April 1964 at Thornbury Playing Fields , Isleworth , Middlesex .", "The final scene was filmed the following day in West Ealing , London , where Ringo obligingly drops his coat over puddles for a lady to step on , only to discover that the final puddle is actually a large hole in the road ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church", "text": "The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5 : 14 -- 15 : `` Is any man sick among you ? Let him bring in the priests of the church and let them pray over him , anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord . And the prayer of faith shall save the sick man . And the Lord shall raise him up : and if he be in sins , they shall be forgiven him . '' Matthew 10 : 8 , Luke 10 : 8 -- 9 and Mark 6 : 13 are also quoted in this regard . ", "sentences": [ "The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5 : 14 -- 15 : `` Is any man sick among you ?", "Let him bring in the priests of the church and let them pray over him , anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord .", "And the prayer of faith shall save the sick man .", "And the Lord shall raise him up : and if he be in sins , they shall be forgiven him . ''", "Matthew 10 : 8 , Luke 10 : 8 -- 9 and Mark 6 : 13 are also quoted in this regard ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5 : 14 -- 15: `` Is any man sick among you \r\nMatthew 10: 8, Luke 10 : 8--9 and Mark 6:13 are also quoted in this regard.", "selected_sentences": [ "The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5 : 14 -- 15 : `` Is any man sick among you ?", "Matthew 10 : 8 , Luke 10 : 8 -- 9 and Mark 6 : 13 are also quoted in this regard ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5 : 14 -- 15: `` Is any man sick among you? Matthew 10: 8, Luke 10 : 8--9 and Mark 6:13 are also quoted in this regard.", "selected_sentences": [ "The chief Biblical text concerning anointing of the sick is James 5 : 14 -- 15 : `` Is any man sick among you ?", "Matthew 10 : 8 , Luke 10 : 8 -- 9 and Mark 6 : 13 are also quoted in this regard ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jefferson Starship", "text": "While Marty and Grace had come and gone over the years , in June 1984 , after the release of Nuclear Furniture , Kantner , the last remaining founding member of Jefferson Airplane , left the band due to disputes over the group 's artistic direction . `` I think we would be terrible failures trying to write pop songs all the time. ... The band became more mundane and not quite as challenging and not quite as much of a thing to be proud of '' , said Kantner . In October 1984 , Paul Kantner took legal action over money he claimed he was owed and to prevent the remaining members from continuing to use the name Jefferson Starship . The lawsuit was settled in March 1985 . Kantner received a cash settlement , the name Jefferson Starship became the property of Grace Slick ( 51 % ) and Bill Thompson ( 49 % ) , and all parties agreed to not use the name `` Jefferson '' going forward . The remaining members renamed themselves Starship , and continued to tour and record music . David Freiberg was dismissed from the band shortly after the lawsuit was settled . Pete Sears departed in 1987 . Grace Slick left Starship in early 1988 , going on to join the reformed Jefferson Airplane for an album and tour in 1989 . Craig Chaquico departed in 1990 . The band has been billed as `` Starship featuring Mickey Thomas '' since 1992 . ", "sentences": [ "While Marty and Grace had come and gone over the years , in June 1984 , after the release of Nuclear Furniture , Kantner , the last remaining founding member of Jefferson Airplane , left the band due to disputes over the group 's artistic direction .", "`` I think we would be terrible failures trying to write pop songs all the time. ...", "The band became more mundane and not quite as challenging and not quite as much of a thing to be proud of '' , said Kantner .", "In October 1984 , Paul Kantner took legal action over money he claimed he was owed and to prevent the remaining members from continuing to use the name Jefferson Starship .", "The lawsuit was settled in March 1985 .", "Kantner received a cash settlement , the name Jefferson Starship became the property of Grace Slick ( 51 % ) and Bill Thompson ( 49 % ) , and all parties agreed to not use the name `` Jefferson '' going forward .", "The remaining members renamed themselves Starship , and continued to tour and record music .", "David Freiberg was dismissed from the band shortly after the lawsuit was settled .", "Pete Sears departed in 1987 .", "Grace Slick left Starship in early 1988 , going on to join the reformed Jefferson Airplane for an album and tour in 1989 .", "Craig Chaquico departed in 1990 .", "The band has been billed as `` Starship featuring Mickey Thomas '' since 1992 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In October 1984 , Paul Kantner took legal action over money he claimed he was owed and to prevent the remaining members from continuing to use the name Jefferson Starship .Kantner received a cash settlement , the name Jefferson Starship became the property of Grace Slick ( 51 % ) and Bill Thompson ( 49 % ) , and all parties agreed to not use the name `` Jefferson '' going forward .", "selected_sentences": [ "In October 1984 , Paul Kantner took legal action over money he claimed he was owed and to prevent the remaining members from continuing to use the name Jefferson Starship .", "Kantner received a cash settlement , the name Jefferson Starship became the property of Grace Slick ( 51 % ) and Bill Thompson ( 49 % ) , and all parties agreed to not use the name `` Jefferson '' going forward ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Paul Kantner took legal action to prevent the remaining members of the band from continuing to use the name Jefferson Starship. The name Jefferson Starship became the property of Grace Slick and Bill Thompson, and all parties agreed to not use the name `` Jefferson '' going forward . The remaining members renamed themselves Starship.", "selected_sentences": [ "The band became more mundane and not quite as challenging and not quite as much of a thing to be proud of '' , said Kantner .", "In October 1984 , Paul Kantner took legal action over money he claimed he was owed and to prevent the remaining members from continuing to use the name Jefferson Starship .", "Kantner received a cash settlement , the name Jefferson Starship became the property of Grace Slick ( 51 % ) and Bill Thompson ( 49 % ) , and all parties agreed to not use the name `` Jefferson '' going forward .", "The remaining members renamed themselves Starship , and continued to tour and record music ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Flag of Ireland", "text": "The green pale of the flag symbolises Roman Catholics , the orange represents the minority Protestants who were supporters of William of Orange , who had defeated King James II and his predominantly Irish Catholic army at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 . His title came from the Principality of Orange in the south of France that had been a Protestant bastion from the 16th century . It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Orange Order in Ireland with the Irish independence movement . The white in the centre signifies a lasting peace and hope for union between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland . The flag , as a whole , is intended to symbolise the inclusion and hoped - for union of the people of different traditions on the island of Ireland , which is expressed in the Constitution as the entitlement of every person born in Ireland to be part of the independent Irish nation , regardless of ethnic origin , religion or political conviction . There are exceptions to the general beneficent theory . Green was also used as the colour of such Irish bodies as the mainly - Protestant and non-sectarian Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick , established in 1751 . ", "sentences": [ "The green pale of the flag symbolises Roman Catholics , the orange represents the minority Protestants who were supporters of William of Orange , who had defeated King James II and his predominantly Irish Catholic army at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 .", "His title came from the Principality of Orange in the south of France that had been a Protestant bastion from the 16th century .", "It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Orange Order in Ireland with the Irish independence movement .", "The white in the centre signifies a lasting peace and hope for union between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland .", "The flag , as a whole , is intended to symbolise the inclusion and hoped - for union of the people of different traditions on the island of Ireland , which is expressed in the Constitution as the entitlement of every person born in Ireland to be part of the independent Irish nation , regardless of ethnic origin , religion or political conviction .", "There are exceptions to the general beneficent theory .", "Green was also used as the colour of such Irish bodies as the mainly - Protestant and non-sectarian Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick , established in 1751 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The green pale of the flag symbolises Roman Catholics, the orange represents the minority Protestants who were supporters of William of Orange, who had defeated King James II and his predominantly Irish Catholic army at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 . The white in the centre signifies a lasting peace and hope for union between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland.", "selected_sentences": [ "The green pale of the flag symbolises Roman Catholics , the orange represents the minority Protestants who were supporters of William of Orange , who had defeated King James II and his predominantly Irish Catholic army at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 .", "The white in the centre signifies a lasting peace and hope for union between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Barn swallow", "text": "There are normally two broods , with the original nest being reused for the second brood and being repaired and reused in subsequent years . The female lays two to seven , but typically four or five , reddish - spotted white eggs . The clutch size is influenced by latitude , with clutch sizes of northern populations being higher on average than southern populations . The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size , and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ) , of which 5 % is shell . In Europe , the female does almost all the incubation , but in North America the male may incubate up to 25 % of the time . The incubation period is normally 14 -- 19 days , with another 18 -- 23 days before the altricial chicks fledge . The fledged young stay with , and are fed by , the parents for about a week after leaving the nest . Occasionally , first - year birds from the first brood will assist in feeding the second brood . Compared to those from early broods , juvenile barn swallows from late broods have been found to migrate at a younger age , fuel less efficiently during migration and have lower return rates the following year . ", "sentences": [ "There are normally two broods , with the original nest being reused for the second brood and being repaired and reused in subsequent years .", "The female lays two to seven , but typically four or five , reddish - spotted white eggs .", "The clutch size is influenced by latitude , with clutch sizes of northern populations being higher on average than southern populations .", "The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size , and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ) , of which 5 % is shell .", "In Europe , the female does almost all the incubation , but in North America the male may incubate up to 25 % of the time .", "The incubation period is normally 14 -- 19 days , with another 18 -- 23 days before the altricial chicks fledge .", "The fledged young stay with , and are fed by , the parents for about a week after leaving the nest .", "Occasionally , first - year birds from the first brood will assist in feeding the second brood .", "Compared to those from early broods , juvenile barn swallows from late broods have been found to migrate at a younger age , fuel less efficiently during migration and have lower return rates the following year ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The female lays two to seven , but typically four or five , reddish - spotted white eggs . The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size , and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ) , of which 5 % is shell .", "selected_sentences": [ "The female lays two to seven , but typically four or five , reddish - spotted white eggs .", "The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size , and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ) , of which 5 % is shell ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The female lays reddish - spotted white eggs. The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size, and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ), of which 5 % is shell.", "selected_sentences": [ "The female lays two to seven , but typically four or five , reddish - spotted white eggs .", "The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm ( 0.79 in × 0.55 in ) in size , and weigh 1.9 g ( 0.067 oz ) , of which 5 % is shell ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States", "text": "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers : John Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Alexander Hamilton , John Jay , Thomas Jefferson , James Madison , and George Washington . Adams , Jefferson , and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence . Hamilton , Madison , and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers , advocating ratification of the Constitution . The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York ( 1777 ) and Massachusetts ( 1780 ) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution . Jay , Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) that would end the American Revolutionary War . Washington was Commander - in - Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention . All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States , with Washington , Adams , Jefferson , and Madison serving as President . Jay was the nation 's first Chief Justice , Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury , and Franklin was America 's most senior diplomat , and later the governmental leader of Pennsylvania . ", "sentences": [ "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers : John Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Alexander Hamilton , John Jay , Thomas Jefferson , James Madison , and George Washington .", "Adams , Jefferson , and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence .", "Hamilton , Madison , and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers , advocating ratification of the Constitution .", "The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York ( 1777 ) and Massachusetts ( 1780 ) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution .", "Jay , Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) that would end the American Revolutionary War .", "Washington was Commander - in - Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention .", "All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States , with Washington , Adams , Jefferson , and Madison serving as President .", "Jay was the nation 's first Chief Justice , Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury , and Franklin was America 's most senior diplomat , and later the governmental leader of Pennsylvania ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and George Washington. Washington was President of the Constitutional Convention.", "selected_sentences": [ "Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers : John Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Alexander Hamilton , John Jay , Thomas Jefferson , James Madison , and George Washington .", "Washington was Commander - in - Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Climate of the United Kingdom", "text": "Mean winter temperatures in the UK are most influenced by proximity to the sea . The coldest areas are the mountains of Wales and northern England , and inland areas of Scotland , averaging − 3.6 to 2.3 ° C ( 25.5 to 36.1 ° F ) . Coastal areas , particularly those in the south and west , experience the mildest winters , on average 5 to 8.7 ° C ( 41.0 to 47.7 ° F ) . Hardiness zones in the UK are high , ranging from zone 7 in the Scottish Highlands , the Pennines and Snowdonia , to zone 10 on the Isles of Scilly . Most of the UK lies in zones 8 or 9 . In zone 7 , the average lowest temperature each year is between − 17.7 and − 12.3 ° C ( 0.1 and 9.9 ° F ) , and in zone 10 , this figure is between − 1.1 and 4.4 ° C ( 30.0 and 39.9 ° F ) . ", "sentences": [ "Mean winter temperatures in the UK are most influenced by proximity to the sea .", "The coldest areas are the mountains of Wales and northern England , and inland areas of Scotland , averaging − 3.6 to 2.3 ° C ( 25.5 to 36.1 ° F ) .", "Coastal areas , particularly those in the south and west , experience the mildest winters , on average 5 to 8.7 ° C ( 41.0 to 47.7 ° F ) .", "Hardiness zones in the UK are high , ranging from zone 7 in the Scottish Highlands , the Pennines and Snowdonia , to zone 10 on the Isles of Scilly .", "Most of the UK lies in zones 8 or 9 .", "In zone 7 , the average lowest temperature each year is between − 17.7 and − 12.3 ° C ( 0.1 and 9.9 ° F ) , and in zone 10 , this figure is between − 1.1 and 4.4 ° C ( 30.0 and 39.9 ° F ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The coldest areas are the mountains of Wales and northern England, and inland areas of Scotland, averaging − 3.6 to 2.3 ° C. Coastal areas, particularly those in the south and west, experience the mildest winters, on average 5 to 8.7 ° C. Most of the UK lies in zones 8 or 9. In zone 7, the average lowest temperature each year is between − 17.7 and − 12.3 ° C , and in zone 10, this figure is between − 1.1 and 4.4 ° C.", "selected_sentences": [ "The coldest areas are the mountains of Wales and northern England , and inland areas of Scotland , averaging − 3.6 to 2.3 ° C ( 25.5 to 36.1 ° F ) .", "Coastal areas , particularly those in the south and west , experience the mildest winters , on average 5 to 8.7 ° C ( 41.0 to 47.7 ° F ) .", "Most of the UK lies in zones 8 or 9 .", "In zone 7 , the average lowest temperature each year is between − 17.7 and − 12.3 ° C ( 0.1 and 9.9 ° F ) , and in zone 10 , this figure is between − 1.1 and 4.4 ° C ( 30.0 and 39.9 ° F ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The mountains of Wales and northern England , and inland areas of Scotland are averaging − 3.6 to 2.3 ° C ( 25.5 to 36.1 ° F ) . Coastal areas , particularly those in the south and west , experience the mildest winters , on average 5 to 8.7 ° C ( 41.0 to 47.7 ° F ) . Hardiness zones in the UK are high , ranging from zone 7 in the Scottish Highlands , the Pennines and Snowdonia , to zone 10 on the Isles of Scilly . In zone 7 , the average lowest temperature each year is between − 17.7 and − 12.3 ° C ( 0.1 and 9.9 ° F ) , and in zone 10 , this figure is between − 1.1 and 4.4 ° C ( 30.0 and 39.9 ° F ) .", "selected_sentences": [ "The coldest areas are the mountains of Wales and northern England , and inland areas of Scotland , averaging − 3.6 to 2.3 ° C ( 25.5 to 36.1 ° F ) .", "Coastal areas , particularly those in the south and west , experience the mildest winters , on average 5 to 8.7 ° C ( 41.0 to 47.7 ° F ) .", "Hardiness zones in the UK are high , ranging from zone 7 in the Scottish Highlands , the Pennines and Snowdonia , to zone 10 on the Isles of Scilly .", "In zone 7 , the average lowest temperature each year is between − 17.7 and − 12.3 ° C ( 0.1 and 9.9 ° F ) , and in zone 10 , this figure is between − 1.1 and 4.4 ° C ( 30.0 and 39.9 ° F ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mississippi River", "text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent , second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system . The stream is entirely within the United States ( although its drainage basin reaches into Canada ) , its source is in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles ( 3,730 km ) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico . With its many tributaries , the Mississippi 's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains . The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge . The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , Illinois , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Louisiana . ", "sentences": [ "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent , second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system .", "The stream is entirely within the United States ( although its drainage basin reaches into Canada ) , its source is in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles ( 3,730 km ) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico .", "With its many tributaries , the Mississippi 's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains .", "The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge .", "The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , Illinois , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Louisiana ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The stream of the Mississippi River is entirely within the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), its source is in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana.", "selected_sentences": [ "The stream is entirely within the United States ( although its drainage basin reaches into Canada ) , its source is in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles ( 3,730 km ) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico .", "The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Iowa , Illinois , Missouri , Kentucky , Tennessee , Arkansas , Mississippi , and Louisiana ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Self-pollination", "text": "Few plants self - pollinate without the aid of pollen vectors ( such as wind or insects ) . The mechanism is seen most often in some legumes such as peanuts . In another legume , soybeans , the flowers open and remain receptive to insect cross pollination during the day . If this is not accomplished , the flowers self - pollinate as they are closing . Among other plants that can self - pollinate are many kinds of orchids , peas , sunflowers and tridax . Most of the self - pollinating plants have small , relatively inconspicuous flowers that shed pollen directly onto the stigma , sometimes even before the bud opens . Self - pollinated plants expend less energy in the production of pollinator attractants and can grow in areas where the kinds of insects or other animals that might visit them are absent or very scarce -- as in the Arctic or at high elevations . ", "sentences": [ "Few plants self - pollinate without the aid of pollen vectors ( such as wind or insects ) .", "The mechanism is seen most often in some legumes such as peanuts .", "In another legume , soybeans , the flowers open and remain receptive to insect cross pollination during the day .", "If this is not accomplished , the flowers self - pollinate as they are closing .", "Among other plants that can self - pollinate are many kinds of orchids , peas , sunflowers and tridax .", "Most of the self - pollinating plants have small , relatively inconspicuous flowers that shed pollen directly onto the stigma , sometimes even before the bud opens .", "Self - pollinated plants expend less energy in the production of pollinator attractants and can grow in areas where the kinds of insects or other animals that might visit them are absent or very scarce -- as in the Arctic or at high elevations ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The self-pollinating mechanism is seen most often in some legumes such as peanuts.\r\nOther plants that can self-pollinate are many kinds of orchids, peas, sunflowers and tridax.\r\nIn soybeans , the flowers open and remain receptive to insect cross pollination during the day .", "selected_sentences": [ "The mechanism is seen most often in some legumes such as peanuts .", "In another legume , soybeans , the flowers open and remain receptive to insect cross pollination during the day .", "Among other plants that can self - pollinate are many kinds of orchids , peas , sunflowers and tridax ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Algiers Motel incident", "text": "The Algiers Motel Incident occurred in Detroit , Michigan , United States , during the night of July 25 -- 26 , 1967 during the racially charged 12th Street Riot . At the Algiers Motel , approximately one mile east of where the riots began , three teenage civilians , all of them black , were beaten and killed by police . Nine others -- two white females and seven black males -- were badly beaten and humiliated by members of a riot task force composed of the Detroit Police Department , the Michigan State Police , and the Michigan Army National Guard . The incident occurred after reports were received that snipers , a gunman , or group of gunmen had been seen at or near the motel . One death has never been explained as the body was allegedly found by responding officers . Two deaths have been attributed to `` justifiable homicide '' or `` self - defense '' . Charges of felonious assault , conspiracy , murder , and conspiracy to commit civil rights abuse were filed against three officers . Charges of assault and conspiracy were also filed on a private security guard . All were found not guilty . ", "sentences": [ "The Algiers Motel Incident occurred in Detroit , Michigan , United States , during the night of July 25 -- 26 , 1967 during the racially charged 12th Street Riot .", "At the Algiers Motel , approximately one mile east of where the riots began , three teenage civilians , all of them black , were beaten and killed by police .", "Nine others -- two white females and seven black males -- were badly beaten and humiliated by members of a riot task force composed of the Detroit Police Department , the Michigan State Police , and the Michigan Army National Guard .", "The incident occurred after reports were received that snipers , a gunman , or group of gunmen had been seen at or near the motel .", "One death has never been explained as the body was allegedly found by responding officers .", "Two deaths have been attributed to `` justifiable homicide '' or `` self - defense '' .", "Charges of felonious assault , conspiracy , murder , and conspiracy to commit civil rights abuse were filed against three officers .", "Charges of assault and conspiracy were also filed on a private security guard .", "All were found not guilty ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "At the Algiers Motel, approximately one mile east of where the riots began, three teenage civilians, all of them black, were beaten and killed by police. Nine others - two white females and seven black males - were badly beaten and humiliated by members of a riot task force composed of the Detroit Police Department, the Michigan State Police and the Michigan Army National Guard. One death has never been explained. Two deaths have been attributed to ``justifiable homicide'' or ``self - defense''. Charges of felonious assault, conspiracy, murder and conspiracy to commit civil rights abuse were filed against three officers. All were found not guilty.", "selected_sentences": [ "At the Algiers Motel , approximately one mile east of where the riots began , three teenage civilians , all of them black , were beaten and killed by police .", "Nine others -- two white females and seven black males -- were badly beaten and humiliated by members of a riot task force composed of the Detroit Police Department , the Michigan State Police , and the Michigan Army National Guard .", "One death has never been explained as the body was allegedly found by responding officers .", "Two deaths have been attributed to `` justifiable homicide '' or `` self - defense '' .", "Charges of felonious assault , conspiracy , murder , and conspiracy to commit civil rights abuse were filed against three officers .", "All were found not guilty ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "At the Algiers Motel, three back teenage civilians were beaten and killed by police during the racially charged 12th Street Riot. Nine others, two white females and seven black males, were badly beaten and humiliated by members of a riot task force composed of the Detroit Police Department , the Michigan State Police , and the Michigan Army National Guard.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Algiers Motel Incident occurred in Detroit , Michigan , United States , during the night of July 25 -- 26 , 1967 during the racially charged 12th Street Riot .", "At the Algiers Motel , approximately one mile east of where the riots began , three teenage civilians , all of them black , were beaten and killed by police .", "Nine others -- two white females and seven black males -- were badly beaten and humiliated by members of a riot task force composed of the Detroit Police Department , the Michigan State Police , and the Michigan Army National Guard ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Texas annexation", "text": "The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2 , 1836 . At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States . The leadership of both major U.S. political parties , the Democrats and the Whigs , opposed the introduction of Texas , a vast slave - holding region , into the volatile political climate of the pro - and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress . Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province . With Texas 's economic fortunes declining by the early 1840s , the President of the Texas Republic , Sam Houston , arranged talks with Mexico to explore the possibility of securing official recognition of independence , with the United Kingdom mediating . ", "sentences": [ "The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2 , 1836 .", "At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States .", "The leadership of both major U.S. political parties , the Democrats and the Whigs , opposed the introduction of Texas , a vast slave - holding region , into the volatile political climate of the pro - and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress .", "Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province .", "With Texas 's economic fortunes declining by the early 1840s , the President of the Texas Republic , Sam Houston , arranged talks with Mexico to explore the possibility of securing official recognition of independence , with the United Kingdom mediating ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States . They wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province .", "selected_sentences": [ "At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States .", "Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The leadership of both major U.S. political parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, opposed the introduction of Texas, a vast slave-holding region, into the volatile political climate of the pro- and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress.", "selected_sentences": [ "At the time the vast majority of the Texian population favored the annexation of the Republic by the United States .", "The leadership of both major U.S. political parties , the Democrats and the Whigs , opposed the introduction of Texas , a vast slave - holding region , into the volatile political climate of the pro - and anti-slavery sectional controversies in Congress .", "Moreover , they wished to avoid a war with Mexico , whose government refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of its rebellious northern province ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Would You Rather (film)", "text": "Only Iris and Lucas remain for the fourth round . Iris wins a coin toss to go first . She is given the choice to either shoot and kill Lucas to win the game , or spare him which would result in both walking away empty - handed . As Lucas attempts to talk her into sparing him and explains the struggles of his family , she abruptly shoots and kills him . Shepard crowns her the champion , gives her a bag full of money and explains that a donor has already been located for her brother and he will have surgery later that week as well as financial support to her continuing her studies . At home , Iris finds Raleigh asleep on his bed so she heads to shower the blood off her . After the shower , she goes to her brother 's room only to find Raleigh was not sleeping but had committed suicide by overdosing on his medication , and Iris cries out in anguish . ", "sentences": [ "Only Iris and Lucas remain for the fourth round .", "Iris wins a coin toss to go first .", "She is given the choice to either shoot and kill Lucas to win the game , or spare him which would result in both walking away empty - handed .", "As Lucas attempts to talk her into sparing him and explains the struggles of his family , she abruptly shoots and kills him .", "Shepard crowns her the champion , gives her a bag full of money and explains that a donor has already been located for her brother and he will have surgery later that week as well as financial support to her continuing her studies .", "At home , Iris finds Raleigh asleep on his bed so she heads to shower the blood off her .", "After the shower , she goes to her brother 's room only to find Raleigh was not sleeping but had committed suicide by overdosing on his medication , and Iris cries out in anguish ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Only Iris and Lucas remain for the fourth round. She is given the choice to either shoot and kill Lucas to win the game or spare him and walk away empty handed. She abruptly shoots and kills Lucas. At home she heads to shower the blood off her. After the shower, she goes to her brother's room to find Raleigh had committed suicide.", "selected_sentences": [ "Only Iris and Lucas remain for the fourth round .", "She is given the choice to either shoot and kill Lucas to win the game , or spare him which would result in both walking away empty - handed .", "As Lucas attempts to talk her into sparing him and explains the struggles of his family , she abruptly shoots and kills him .", "At home , Iris finds Raleigh asleep on his bed so she heads to shower the blood off her .", "After the shower , she goes to her brother 's room only to find Raleigh was not sleeping but had committed suicide by overdosing on his medication , and Iris cries out in anguish ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ryan Howard (The Office)", "text": "Novak , who also writes for the show , in commenting on the fourth season , said , `` we wanted him to dress as obnoxious as possible . As much black as possible . '' . This season also , for the first time , includes episodes that exhibit Ryan 's social life outside the workplace , such as showing his studio apartment in Manhattan . Over the season , he also becomes increasingly arrogant , condescending and ambitious , speaking almost exclusively in business buzzwords . In `` Dunder Mifflin Infinity '' , Ryan presents his concept of Dunder Mifflin Infinity ( a new website ) to the Scranton branch , and gives a BlackBerry to all of the main employees . He is eager to show off his newfound wealth . His occasional brushes with Kelly remain tense . In `` Money , Darryl for the first time expressed his romantic desire for Kelly as he proclaimed to `` get excited every time I see that little dude ( Ryan ) walks through the door '' . It is also apparent that his new corporate peers also do n't care for him ; one employee yells at Ryan to get out of his office , and another tells Michael and Dwight , `` it was funny to see Ryan all embarrassed '' . When Ryan is arrested and fired , his peers record all of it on their phones and post it as a hilarious video on YouTube . ", "sentences": [ "Novak , who also writes for the show , in commenting on the fourth season , said , `` we wanted him to dress as obnoxious as possible .", "As much black as possible . ''", ".", "This season also , for the first time , includes episodes that exhibit Ryan 's social life outside the workplace , such as showing his studio apartment in Manhattan .", "Over the season , he also becomes increasingly arrogant , condescending and ambitious , speaking almost exclusively in business buzzwords .", "In `` Dunder Mifflin Infinity '' , Ryan presents his concept of Dunder Mifflin Infinity ( a new website ) to the Scranton branch , and gives a BlackBerry to all of the main employees .", "He is eager to show off his newfound wealth .", "His occasional brushes with Kelly remain tense .", "In `` Money , Darryl for the first time expressed his romantic desire for Kelly as he proclaimed to `` get excited every time I see that little dude ( Ryan ) walks through the door '' .", "It is also apparent that his new corporate peers also do n't care for him ; one employee yells at Ryan to get out of his office , and another tells Michael and Dwight , `` it was funny to see Ryan all embarrassed '' .", "When Ryan is arrested and fired , his peers record all of it on their phones and post it as a hilarious video on YouTube ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When Ryan is arrested and fired on the fourth season, his peers record all of it on their phones and post it as a hilarious video on YouTube.", "selected_sentences": [ "Novak , who also writes for the show , in commenting on the fourth season , said , `` we wanted him to dress as obnoxious as possible .", "When Ryan is arrested and fired , his peers record all of it on their phones and post it as a hilarious video on YouTube ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Wind power in Indiana", "text": "Currently , the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines , respectively . Together , these yield 4.82 % of the total in - state electricity production ( ~ 4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~ 453,000 homes ) . To put this number into perspective , Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015 . However , the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana , stating the wind potential ( from turbines with an 80 m hub height ) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030 . This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now , with 15 wind projects currently online in the state . ", "sentences": [ "Currently , the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines , respectively .", "Together , these yield 4.82 % of the total in - state electricity production ( ~ 4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~ 453,000 homes ) .", "To put this number into perspective , Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015 .", "However , the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana , stating the wind potential ( from turbines with an 80 m hub height ) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030 .", "This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now , with 15 wind projects currently online in the state ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Currently , the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines , respectively .", "selected_sentences": [ "Currently , the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines , respectively .", "This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now , with 15 wind projects currently online in the state ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Currently, the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines. 15 wind projects are currently online in the state.", "selected_sentences": [ "Currently , the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines , respectively .", "This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now , with 15 wind projects currently online in the state ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Elena Gilbert", "text": "In the show 's third season , Elena has a brain hemorrhage which was initially thought to be a concussion , and begins to die . In what was described by the International Business Times as `` the moment Vampire Diaries fans have been waiting for '' , Elena had to choose whether to be driven to Damon or Stefan to say goodbye to . At the time , Klaus was killed , meaning all vampires sprouting from his bloodline also die , which includes Damon and Stefan . She picks to say goodbye to Stefan . However , all these vampires end up surviving when Klaus never really dies . To save her , Doctor Merideth Fell ( Torrey DeVitto ) fed Elena Damon 's blood . Rebekah Mikaelson kills Elena on Wickery Bridge , unaware of the vampire blood in her system . She woke up as a vampire at the end of the season . The Hollywood Reporter interviewed Plec , and described her transition as `` monumental changes '' which would have Elena in for a `` wild ride '' . Plec said Elena becoming a vampire is `` an awakening of a person who is about to go through a lot of changes '' , and `` she is going to evolve as a person and her relationships are going to evolve accordingly '' . While Stefan was afraid she would hurt someone , Damon thought it was inevitable and wanted to `` rip the band - aid off '' . Plec felt that `` She 's , unfortunately , not getting the same advice from the two people she values most in the world . It 's going to make it more difficult for her '' , while describing the situation as `` a whole new Elena and it 's a whole new day . It 's a different dynamic between the three of them especially '' . ", "sentences": [ "In the show 's third season , Elena has a brain hemorrhage which was initially thought to be a concussion , and begins to die .", "In what was described by the International Business Times as `` the moment Vampire Diaries fans have been waiting for '' , Elena had to choose whether to be driven to Damon or Stefan to say goodbye to .", "At the time , Klaus was killed , meaning all vampires sprouting from his bloodline also die , which includes Damon and Stefan .", "She picks to say goodbye to Stefan .", "However , all these vampires end up surviving when Klaus never really dies .", "To save her , Doctor Merideth Fell ( Torrey DeVitto )", "fed Elena Damon 's blood .", "Rebekah Mikaelson kills Elena on Wickery Bridge , unaware of the vampire blood in her system .", "She woke up as a vampire at the end of the season .", "The Hollywood Reporter interviewed Plec , and described her transition as `` monumental changes '' which would have Elena in for a `` wild ride '' .", "Plec said Elena becoming a vampire is `` an awakening of a person who is about to go through a lot of changes '' , and `` she is going to evolve as a person and her relationships are going to evolve accordingly '' .", "While Stefan was afraid she would hurt someone , Damon thought it was inevitable and wanted to `` rip the band - aid off '' .", "Plec felt that `` She 's , unfortunately , not getting the same advice from the two people she values most in the world .", "It 's going to make it more difficult for her '' , while describing the situation as `` a whole new Elena and it 's a whole new day .", "It 's a different dynamic between the three of them especially '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "To save her, Doctor Merideth Fell fed Elena Damon's blood. She woke up as a vampire at the end of the season.", "selected_sentences": [ "To save her , Doctor Merideth Fell ( Torrey DeVitto )", "fed Elena Damon 's blood .", "She woke up as a vampire at the end of the season ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Prince Hamlet", "text": "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet . He is the Prince of Denmark , nephew to the usurping Claudius , and son of King Hamlet , the previous King of Denmark . At the beginning of the play , he struggles with whether , and how , to avenge the murder of his father , and struggles with his own sanity along the way . By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) . ", "sentences": [ "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet .", "He is the Prince of Denmark , nephew to the usurping Claudius , and son of King Hamlet , the previous King of Denmark .", "At the beginning of the play , he struggles with whether , and how , to avenge the murder of his father , and struggles with his own sanity along the way .", "By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern .", "He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia and of his mother Gertrude.", "selected_sentences": [ "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet .", "By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern .", "He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia and of his mother Gertrude.", "selected_sentences": [ "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet .", "By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern .", "He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "It Is Well with My Soul", "text": "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life . The first was the death of his son at the age of 2 and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) . His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre . In a late change of plan , he sent the family ahead while he was delayed on business concerning zoning problems following the Great Chicago Fire . While crossing the Atlantic , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died . His wife Anna survived and sent him the now famous telegram , `` Saved alone ... '' . Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died . ", "sentences": [ "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life .", "The first was the death of his son at the age of 2 and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) .", "His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre .", "In a late change of plan , he sent the family ahead while he was delayed on business concerning zoning problems following the Great Chicago Fire .", "While crossing the Atlantic , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died .", "His wife Anna survived and sent him the now famous telegram , `` Saved alone ... '' .", "Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life: the death of his son at the age of 2, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which ruined him financially, and the drowning death of his 4 daughters while crossing the Atlantic.", "selected_sentences": [ "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life .", "The first was the death of his son at the age of 2 and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) .", "His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre .", "While crossing the Atlantic , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life: the death of his son at the age of 2, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, which ruined him financially, and the drowning death of his 4 daughters while crossing the Atlantic. Shortly afterwards, Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife, he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died.", "selected_sentences": [ "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life .", "The first was the death of his son at the age of 2 and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) .", "His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre .", "While crossing the Atlantic , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died .", "Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "New Orleans Pelicans", "text": "The Pelicans were established as the New Orleans Hornets in the 2002 -- 03 season when then - owner of the Charlotte Hornets , George Shinn , relocated the franchise to New Orleans . Due to the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 , the franchise temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City , where they spent two seasons officially known as the New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets . The team returned to New Orleans full - time for the 2007 -- 08 season . On January 24 , 2013 , the franchise announced it would rename itself the Pelicans , effective after the conclusion of the 2012 -- 13 season . The Charlotte Hornets ' name , history , and records from 1988 to 2002 were returned to its original city to be used by the then -- Charlotte Bobcats franchise , which subsequently became the Charlotte Hornets , starting May 20 , 2014 . ", "sentences": [ "The Pelicans were established as the New Orleans Hornets in the 2002 -- 03 season when then - owner of the Charlotte Hornets , George Shinn , relocated the franchise to New Orleans .", "Due to the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 , the franchise temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City , where they spent two seasons officially known as the New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets .", "The team returned to New Orleans full - time for the 2007 -- 08 season .", "On January 24 , 2013 , the franchise announced it would rename itself the Pelicans , effective after the conclusion of the 2012 -- 13 season .", "The Charlotte Hornets ' name , history , and records from 1988 to 2002 were returned to its original city to be used by the then -- Charlotte Bobcats franchise , which subsequently became the Charlotte Hornets , starting May 20 , 2014 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Pelicans were established as the New Orleans Hornets in the 2002 - 03 season when then - owner of the Charlotte Hornets, George Shinn, relocated the franchise to New Orleans. On January 24, 2013, the franchise announced it would rename itself the Pelicans, effective after the conclusion of the 2012 - 13 season.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Pelicans were established as the New Orleans Hornets in the 2002 -- 03 season when then - owner of the Charlotte Hornets , George Shinn , relocated the franchise to New Orleans .", "On January 24 , 2013 , the franchise announced it would rename itself the Pelicans , effective after the conclusion of the 2012 -- 13 season ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Taxicabs of New York City", "text": "Starting in 2011 , medallion prices dropped considerably likely due to competition from ride - share services . As of October 2016 , medallion prices had dropped to around $500,000 in value , with one medallion dropping to $250,000 . There was also a decrease in taxi usage : in November 2016 , there were 336,737 daily trips that netted $4.98 million , a decrease from the 463,701 daily trips netting $5.17 million in November 2010 . However , in mid-2016 , after a five - year decline , taxi usage began to increase again . Due to this competition , medallion owners sued the city and Uber in November 2015 . By 2017 , the 60,000 ride share vehicles in New York City outnumbered the city 's medallion vehicles at a ratio of almost 4 to 1 , and many medallion owners faced the prospect of bankruptcy or severe debt because of the low medallion prices , which few entities were willing to buy . Medallion holders had trouble making payments on the loans that they borrowed to pay for the medallions . ", "sentences": [ "Starting in 2011 , medallion prices dropped considerably likely due to competition from ride - share services .", "As of October 2016 , medallion prices had dropped to around $500,000 in value , with one medallion dropping to $250,000 .", "There was also a decrease in taxi usage : in November 2016 , there were 336,737 daily trips that netted $4.98 million , a decrease from the 463,701 daily trips netting $5.17 million in November 2010 .", "However , in mid-2016 , after a five - year decline , taxi usage began to increase again .", "Due to this competition , medallion owners sued the city and Uber in November 2015 .", "By 2017 , the 60,000 ride share vehicles in New York City outnumbered the city 's medallion vehicles at a ratio of almost 4 to 1 , and many medallion owners faced the prospect of bankruptcy or severe debt because of the low medallion prices , which few entities were willing to buy .", "Medallion holders had trouble making payments on the loans that they borrowed to pay for the medallions ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "As of October 2016 , medallion prices had dropped to around $500,000 in value , with one medallion dropping to $250,000 . However , in mid-2016 , after a five - year decline , taxi usage began to increase again .", "selected_sentences": [ "As of October 2016 , medallion prices had dropped to around $500,000 in value , with one medallion dropping to $250,000 .", "However , in mid-2016 , after a five - year decline , taxi usage began to increase again ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "As of October 2016, medallion prices had dropped to around $500,000 in value, with one medallion dropping to $250,000. However, in mid-2016, after a five year decline, taxi usage began to increase again.", "selected_sentences": [ "As of October 2016 , medallion prices had dropped to around $500,000 in value , with one medallion dropping to $250,000 .", "However , in mid-2016 , after a five - year decline , taxi usage began to increase again ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Battle of Fort Sumter", "text": "At 4 : 30 a.m. on April 12 , 1861 , Lt. Henry S. Farley , acting upon the command of Capt . George S. James , fired a single 10 - inch mortar round from Fort Johnson . ( James had offered the first shot to Roger Pryor , a noted Virginia secessionist , who declined , saying , `` I could not fire the first gun of the war . '' ) The shell exploded over Fort Sumter as a signal to open the general bombardment from 43 guns and mortars at Fort Moultrie , Fort Johnson , the floating battery , and Cummings Point . Under orders from Beauregard , the guns fired in a counterclockwise sequence around the harbor , with 2 minutes between each shot ; Beauregard wanted to conserve ammunition , which he calculated would last for only 48 hours . Edmund Ruffin , another noted Virginia secessionist , had traveled to Charleston to be present for the beginning of the war , and fired one of the first shots at Sumter after the signal round , a 64 - pound shell from the Iron Battery at Cummings Point . The shelling of Fort Sumter from the batteries ringing the harbor awakened Charleston 's residents ( including diarist Mary Chesnut ) , who rushed out into the predawn darkness to watch the shells arc over the water and burst inside the fort . ", "sentences": [ "At 4 : 30 a.m. on April 12 , 1861 , Lt. Henry S. Farley , acting upon the command of Capt .", "George S. James , fired a single 10 - inch mortar round from Fort Johnson .", "( James had offered the first shot to Roger Pryor , a noted Virginia secessionist , who declined , saying , `` I could not fire the first gun of the war . ''", ")", "The shell exploded over Fort Sumter as a signal to open the general bombardment from 43 guns and mortars at Fort Moultrie , Fort Johnson , the floating battery , and Cummings Point .", "Under orders from Beauregard , the guns fired in a counterclockwise sequence around the harbor , with 2 minutes between each shot ; Beauregard wanted to conserve ammunition , which he calculated would last for only 48 hours .", "Edmund Ruffin , another noted Virginia secessionist , had traveled to Charleston to be present for the beginning of the war , and fired one of the first shots at Sumter after the signal round , a 64 - pound shell from the Iron Battery at Cummings Point .", "The shelling of Fort Sumter from the batteries ringing the harbor awakened Charleston 's residents ( including diarist Mary Chesnut ) , who rushed out into the predawn darkness to watch the shells arc over the water and burst inside the fort ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "George S. James , fired a single 10 - inch mortar round from Fort Johnson. The shell exploded over Fort Sumter as a signal to open the general bombardment from 43 guns and mortars at Fort Moultrie, Fort Johnson, the floating battery and Cummings Point. Edmund Ruffin, another noted Virginia secessionist, fired one of the first shots at Sumter after the signal round, a 64 - pound shell from the Iron Battery at Cummings Point.", "selected_sentences": [ "George S. James , fired a single 10 - inch mortar round from Fort Johnson .", "The shell exploded over Fort Sumter as a signal to open the general bombardment from 43 guns and mortars at Fort Moultrie , Fort Johnson , the floating battery , and Cummings Point .", "Edmund Ruffin , another noted Virginia secessionist , had traveled to Charleston to be present for the beginning of the war , and fired one of the first shots at Sumter after the signal round , a 64 - pound shell from the Iron Battery at Cummings Point ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "At 4: 30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Lt. Henry S. Farley, acting upon the command of Capt. George S. James, fired a single 10 - inch mortar round from Fort Johnson. The shell exploded over Fort Sumter as a signal to open the general bombardment from 43 guns and mortars at Fort Moultrie, Fort Johnson, the floating battery, and Cummings Point.", "selected_sentences": [ "At 4 : 30 a.m. on April 12 , 1861 , Lt. Henry S. Farley , acting upon the command of Capt .", "George S. James , fired a single 10 - inch mortar round from Fort Johnson .", "The shell exploded over Fort Sumter as a signal to open the general bombardment from 43 guns and mortars at Fort Moultrie , Fort Johnson , the floating battery , and Cummings Point ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rovers Return Inn", "text": "Newton & Ridley puts The Rovers Return up for sale . Possible owners are Jack ( Bill Tarmey ) and Vera Duckworth ( Liz Dawn ) and Jim ( Charles Lawson ) and Liz McDonald ( Beverley Callard ) . Liz had previously run The Queens pub for the company in 1993 . Though they had lived through financial hardship for much of their lives , Jack came into a large inheritance gained from the deaths of his brother Cliff and sister - in - law Elsie in a car accident . Combined with the money made from selling No. 9 , Jack and Vera have the cash ahead of the McDonalds and are allowed to buy The Rovers Return . As Jack has a criminal record , Vera is made the licensee . Vera , who always had elevated ideas of her own status , feels she has finally made something of her life . Her happiness is short - lived ; in 1997 they discover they owe £ 17,000 in taxes and are forced to take on Alec , who has returned from Southampton , as a business partner . He allows them to continue living in The Rovers and to stay on as members of staff . When Natalie Horrocks ( Denise Welch ) takes over the pub a year later , she evicts the Duckworths and they go to run a friend 's B&B instead . ", "sentences": [ "Newton & Ridley puts The Rovers Return up for sale .", "Possible owners are Jack ( Bill Tarmey ) and Vera Duckworth ( Liz Dawn ) and Jim ( Charles Lawson ) and Liz McDonald ( Beverley Callard ) .", "Liz had previously run The Queens pub for the company in 1993 .", "Though they had lived through financial hardship for much of their lives , Jack came into a large inheritance gained from the deaths of his brother Cliff and sister - in - law Elsie in a car accident .", "Combined with the money made from selling No. 9 , Jack and Vera have the cash ahead of the McDonalds and are allowed to buy The Rovers Return .", "As Jack has a criminal record , Vera is made the licensee .", "Vera , who always had elevated ideas of her own status , feels she has finally made something of her life .", "Her happiness is short - lived ; in 1997 they discover they owe £ 17,000 in taxes and are forced to take on Alec , who has returned from Southampton , as a business partner .", "He allows them to continue living in The Rovers and to stay on as members of staff .", "When Natalie Horrocks ( Denise Welch ) takes over the pub a year later , she evicts the Duckworths and they go to run a friend 's B&B instead ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jack came into a large inheritance, combined with the money made from selling No. 9, Jack and Vera buy The Rovers Return. In 1997 they discover they owe £ 17,000 in taxes and are forced to take on Alec as a business partner. He allows them to continue living in The Rovers and to stay on as members of staff. When Natalie Horrocks takes over the pub a year later, she evicts the Duckworths and they go to run a friend's B&B instead.", "selected_sentences": [ "Though they had lived through financial hardship for much of their lives , Jack came into a large inheritance gained from the deaths of his brother Cliff and sister - in - law Elsie in a car accident .", "Combined with the money made from selling No. 9 , Jack and Vera have the cash ahead of the McDonalds and are allowed to buy The Rovers Return .", "Her happiness is short - lived ; in 1997 they discover they owe £ 17,000 in taxes and are forced to take on Alec , who has returned from Southampton , as a business partner .", "He allows them to continue living in The Rovers and to stay on as members of staff .", "When Natalie Horrocks ( Denise Welch ) takes over the pub a year later , she evicts the Duckworths and they go to run a friend 's B&B instead ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Widow's peak", "text": "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood . The use of peak in relation to hair dates from 1833 . The expression widow 's peak dates from 1849 . The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 . Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century . A mourning cap or ' Mary Stuart Cap ' is a cap which features a very distinctive triangular fold of cloth in the middle of the forehead , creating an artificial widow 's peak . The use of peak referring to a point in the cloth covering the forehead dates to at least 1509 when it appears in Alexander Barclay 's The Shyp of Folys : ", "sentences": [ "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood .", "The use of peak in relation to hair dates from 1833 .", "The expression widow 's peak dates from 1849 .", "The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 .", "Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century .", "A mourning cap or ' Mary Stuart Cap ' is a cap which features a very distinctive triangular fold of cloth in the middle of the forehead , creating an artificial widow 's peak .", "The use of peak referring to a point in the cloth covering the forehead dates to at least 1509 when it appears in Alexander Barclay 's The Shyp of Folys :" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead - suggestive of the peak of a widow's hood - is an omen of early widowhood. The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress, particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530.", "selected_sentences": [ "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood .", "The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Eagles (band)", "text": "While on the tour , Frey and Henley decided to form a band together and informed Ronstadt of their intention . Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band , and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together . They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board . These four played live together behind Ronstadt only once for a July concert at Disneyland , but all four appeared on her eponymous album . It was later proposed that J.D. Souther should join the band , but Meisner objected . The four were signed in September 1971 to Asylum Records , the new label started by David Geffen , who was introduced to Frey by Jackson Browne . Geffen bought out Frey 's and Henley 's contracts with Amos Records , and sent the four to Aspen , Colorado to develop as a band . Having not settled on a band name yet , they performed their first show in October 1971 under the name of Teen King and the Emergencies at a club called The Gallery in Aspen . The idea of naming the band `` Eagles '' came during a peyote and tequila - influenced group outing in the Mojave Desert . Accounts of the origin of the name however vary ; Don Felder credited Leadon with originating the name when he recalled reading about the Hopis ' reverence for the eagle , while J.D. Souther suggested that the idea came when Frey shouted out , `` Eagles ! '' when they saw eagles flying above . Steve Martin , a friend of the band from their early days at The Troubadour , recounts in his autobiography that he suggested that they should be referred to as `` the Eagles , '' but Frey insists that the group 's name is simply `` Eagles . '' Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts initially managed the band ; they were later replaced by Irving Azoff while the Eagles were recording their third album . ", "sentences": [ "While on the tour , Frey and Henley decided to form a band together and informed Ronstadt of their intention .", "Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band , and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together .", "They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board .", "These four played live together behind Ronstadt only once for a July concert at Disneyland , but all four appeared on her eponymous album .", "It was later proposed that J.D. Souther should join the band , but Meisner objected .", "The four were signed in September 1971 to Asylum Records , the new label started by David Geffen , who was introduced to Frey by Jackson Browne .", "Geffen bought out Frey 's and Henley 's contracts with Amos Records , and sent the four to Aspen , Colorado to develop as a band .", "Having not settled on a band name yet , they performed their first show in October 1971 under the name of Teen King and the Emergencies at a club called The Gallery in Aspen .", "The idea of naming the band `` Eagles '' came during a peyote and tequila - influenced group outing in the Mojave Desert .", "Accounts of the origin of the name however vary ; Don Felder credited Leadon with originating the name when he recalled reading about the Hopis ' reverence for the eagle , while J.D. Souther suggested that the idea came when Frey shouted out , `` Eagles ! ''", "when they saw eagles flying above .", "Steve Martin , a friend of the band from their early days at The Troubadour , recounts in his autobiography that he suggested that they should be referred to as `` the Eagles , '' but Frey insists that the group 's name is simply `` Eagles . ''", "Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts initially managed the band ; they were later replaced by Irving Azoff while the Eagles were recording their third album ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band , and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together . They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board .", "selected_sentences": [ "Frey later credited Ronstadt with suggesting Leadon for the band , and arranging for Leadon to play for her so Frey and Henley could approach him about forming a band together .", "They also pitched the idea to Meisner and brought him on board .", "The idea of naming the band `` Eagles '' came during a peyote and tequila - influenced group outing in the Mojave Desert ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Heart of the Ocean", "text": "The Heart of the Ocean is the name of a fictional blue diamond featured prominently in the 1997 film Titanic . In the story , the 56 carat diamond was originally owned by Louis XVI and cut into a heart shape after the French Revolution . In the film the necklace was purchased by Hockley , played by Billy Zane , a week before he sailed on the ill - fated ocean liner Titanic . The necklace was meant to be given as an engagement present to his fiancée Rose , played by Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart . It is believed that both Rose and the necklace went down with the ship , leading some of the main characters to believe the necklace lies somewhere within the wreckage of the Titanic . ", "sentences": [ "The Heart of the Ocean is the name of a fictional blue diamond featured prominently in the 1997 film Titanic .", "In the story , the 56 carat diamond was originally owned by Louis XVI and cut into a heart shape after the French Revolution .", "In the film the necklace was purchased by Hockley , played by Billy Zane , a week before he sailed on the ill - fated ocean liner Titanic .", "The necklace was meant to be given as an engagement present to his fiancée Rose , played by Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart .", "It is believed that both Rose and the necklace went down with the ship , leading some of the main characters to believe the necklace lies somewhere within the wreckage of the Titanic ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Heart of the Ocean is the name of a fictional blue diamond featured prominently in the 1997 film Titanic. In the film the necklace was purchased by Hockley, a week before he sailed on the ill fated ocean liner Titanic. The necklace was meant to be given as an engagement present to his fiancée Rose.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Heart of the Ocean is the name of a fictional blue diamond featured prominently in the 1997 film Titanic .", "In the film the necklace was purchased by Hockley , played by Billy Zane , a week before he sailed on the ill - fated ocean liner Titanic .", "The necklace was meant to be given as an engagement present to his fiancée Rose , played by Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In the story , the Heart of the Ocean was originally owned by Louis XVI.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the story , the 56 carat diamond was originally owned by Louis XVI and cut into a heart shape after the French Revolution ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Elephants in Thailand", "text": "The elephant has been a contributor to Thai society and its icon for many centuries . The elephant has had a considerable impact on Thai culture . The Thai elephant ( Thai : ช้าง ไทย , chang Thai ) is the official national animal of Thailand . The elephant found in Thailand is the Indian elephant ( Elephas maximus indicus ) , a subspecies of the Asian elephant . In the early - 1900s there were an estimated 100,000 domesticated or captive elephants in Thailand . In mid-2007 there were an estimated 3,456 domesticated elephants left in Thailand and roughly a thousand wild elephants . It became an endangered species in 1986 . ", "sentences": [ "The elephant has been a contributor to Thai society and its icon for many centuries .", "The elephant has had a considerable impact on Thai culture .", "The Thai elephant ( Thai : ช้าง ไทย , chang Thai ) is the official national animal of Thailand .", "The elephant found in Thailand is the Indian elephant ( Elephas maximus indicus ) , a subspecies of the Asian elephant .", "In the early - 1900s there were an estimated 100,000 domesticated or captive elephants in Thailand .", "In mid-2007 there were an estimated 3,456 domesticated elephants left in Thailand and roughly a thousand wild elephants .", "It became an endangered species in 1986 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The elephant has been a contributor to Thai society and its icon for many centuries. The Thai elephant is the official national animal of Thailand.", "selected_sentences": [ "The elephant has been a contributor to Thai society and its icon for many centuries .", "The Thai elephant ( Thai : ช้าง ไทย , chang Thai ) is the official national animal of Thailand ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Jungle", "text": "One of the most common meanings of jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level , especially in the tropics . Typically such vegetation is sufficiently dense to hinder movement by humans , requiring that travelers cut their way through . This definition draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle , since the understorey of rainforests is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight , and hence relatively easy to traverse . Jungles may exist within , or at the borders of , rainforests in areas where rainforest has been opened through natural disturbance such as hurricanes , or through human activity such as logging . The successional vegetation that springs up following such disturbance of rainforest is dense and impenetrable and is a ' typical ' jungle . Jungle also typically forms along rainforest margins such as stream banks , once again due to the greater available light at ground level . ", "sentences": [ "One of the most common meanings of jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level , especially in the tropics .", "Typically such vegetation is sufficiently dense to hinder movement by humans , requiring that travelers cut their way through .", "This definition draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle , since the understorey of rainforests is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight , and hence relatively easy to traverse .", "Jungles may exist within , or at the borders of , rainforests in areas where rainforest has been opened through natural disturbance such as hurricanes , or through human activity such as logging .", "The successional vegetation that springs up following such disturbance of rainforest is dense and impenetrable and is a ' typical ' jungle .", "Jungle also typically forms along rainforest margins such as stream banks , once again due to the greater available light at ground level ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level. This draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle, since the understory of rainforests is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight.", "selected_sentences": [ "One of the most common meanings of jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level , especially in the tropics .", "This definition draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle , since the understorey of rainforests is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight , and hence relatively easy to traverse ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Computer", "text": "Charles Babbage , an English mechanical engineer and polymath , originated the concept of a programmable computer . Considered the `` father of the computer '' , he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century . After working on his revolutionary difference engine , designed to aid in navigational calculations , in 1833 he realized that a much more general design , an Analytical Engine , was possible . The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards , a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom . For output , the machine would have a printer , a curve plotter and a bell . The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later . The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit , control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops , and integrated memory , making it the first design for a general - purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing - complete . ", "sentences": [ "Charles Babbage , an English mechanical engineer and polymath , originated the concept of a programmable computer .", "Considered the `` father of the computer '' , he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century .", "After working on his revolutionary difference engine , designed to aid in navigational calculations , in 1833 he realized that a much more general design , an Analytical Engine , was possible .", "The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards , a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom .", "For output , the machine would have a printer , a curve plotter and a bell .", "The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later .", "The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit , control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops , and integrated memory , making it the first design for a general - purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing - complete ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. In 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible.", "selected_sentences": [ "Charles Babbage , an English mechanical engineer and polymath , originated the concept of a programmable computer .", "After working on his revolutionary difference engine , designed to aid in navigational calculations , in 1833 he realized that a much more general design , an Analytical Engine , was possible ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi", "text": "Second unit photography began during pre-production at Skellig Michael in Ireland on September 14 , 2015 , due to the difficulties of filming at that location during other seasons . It would have lasted four days , but filming was canceled for the first day due to poor weather and rough conditions . In November 2014 , Ivan Dunleavy , chief executive of Pinewood Studios , confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood , with additional filming in Mexico . In September 2015 , del Toro revealed that principal photography would begin in March 2016 ; Kennedy later stated that filming would begin in January 2016 . The production began work on the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios on November 15 , 2015 . Rick Heinrichs served as production designer . ", "sentences": [ "Second unit photography began during pre-production at Skellig Michael in Ireland on September 14 , 2015 , due to the difficulties of filming at that location during other seasons .", "It would have lasted four days , but filming was canceled for the first day due to poor weather and rough conditions .", "In November 2014 , Ivan Dunleavy , chief executive of Pinewood Studios , confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood , with additional filming in Mexico .", "In September 2015 , del Toro revealed that principal photography would begin in March 2016 ; Kennedy later stated that filming would begin in January 2016 .", "The production began work on the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios on November 15 , 2015 .", "Rick Heinrichs served as production designer ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Second unit photography began at Skellig Michael in Ireland. Ivan Dunleavy confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood, with additional filming in Mexico.", "selected_sentences": [ "Second unit photography began during pre-production at Skellig Michael in Ireland on September 14 , 2015 , due to the difficulties of filming at that location during other seasons .", "In November 2014 , Ivan Dunleavy , chief executive of Pinewood Studios , confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood , with additional filming in Mexico ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Friend of Dorothy", "text": "The precise origin of the term is unknown . Some believe that it is derived from The Road to Oz ( 1909 ) , a sequel to the original Wonderful Wizard of Oz . The book introduces readers to Polychrome who , upon meeting Dorothy 's travelling companions , exclaims , `` You have some queer friends , Dorothy '' , and she replies , `` The queerness does n't matter , so long as they 're friends . '' More commonly , it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy , is a gay icon . In the film , Dorothy is accepting of those who are different . For example , the `` gentle lion '' living a line , `` I 'm afraid there 's no denyin ' , I 'm just a dandy lion . '' ", "sentences": [ "The precise origin of the term is unknown .", "Some believe that it is derived from The Road to Oz ( 1909 ) , a sequel to the original Wonderful Wizard of Oz .", "The book introduces readers to Polychrome who , upon meeting Dorothy 's travelling companions , exclaims , `` You have some queer friends , Dorothy '' , and she replies , `` The queerness does n't matter , so long as they 're friends . ''", "More commonly , it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy , is a gay icon .", "In the film , Dorothy is accepting of those who are different .", "For example , the `` gentle lion '' living a line , `` I 'm afraid there 's no denyin ' , I 'm just a dandy lion . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The precise origin of the term is unknown.\r\nMore commonly, it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon.", "selected_sentences": [ "The precise origin of the term is unknown .", "More commonly , it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy , is a gay icon ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The precise origin of the term is unknown. More commonly, it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon. Dorothy is accepting of those who are different .", "selected_sentences": [ "The precise origin of the term is unknown .", "More commonly , it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy , is a gay icon .", "In the film , Dorothy is accepting of those who are different ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ocean color", "text": "The `` color '' of the ocean is determined by the interactions of incident light with substances or particles present in the water . White light from the sun is made up of a combination of colors , which are broken apart by water droplets in a ' rainbow ' spectrum . Large quantities of water , even in a swimming pool , would appear blue as well . When light hits the water surface , the different colors are absorbed , transmitted , scattered , or reflected in differing intensities by water molecules and other so - called optically - active constituents in suspension in the upper layer of the ocean . The reason open ocean waters often appear blue is due to the absorption and scattering of light . The blue wavelengths of light are scattered , similar to the scattering of blue light in the sky but absorption is a much larger factor than scattering for the clear ocean water . In water , absorption is strong in the red and weak in the blue , thus red light is absorbed quickly in the ocean leaving blue . Almost all sunlight that enters the ocean is absorbed , except very close to the coast . The red , yellow , and green wavelengths of sunlight are absorbed by water molecules in the ocean . When sunlight hits the ocean , some of the light is reflected back directly but most of it penetrates the ocean surface and interacts with the water molecules that it encounters . The red , orange , yellow , and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets . ", "sentences": [ "The `` color '' of the ocean is determined by the interactions of incident light with substances or particles present in the water .", "White light from the sun is made up of a combination of colors , which are broken apart by water droplets in a ' rainbow ' spectrum .", "Large quantities of water , even in a swimming pool , would appear blue as well .", "When light hits the water surface , the different colors are absorbed , transmitted , scattered , or reflected in differing intensities by water molecules and other so - called optically - active constituents in suspension in the upper layer of the ocean .", "The reason open ocean waters often appear blue is due to the absorption and scattering of light .", "The blue wavelengths of light are scattered , similar to the scattering of blue light in the sky but absorption is a much larger factor than scattering for the clear ocean water .", "In water , absorption is strong in the red and weak in the blue , thus red light is absorbed quickly in the ocean leaving blue .", "Almost all sunlight that enters the ocean is absorbed , except very close to the coast .", "The red , yellow , and green wavelengths of sunlight are absorbed by water molecules in the ocean .", "When sunlight hits the ocean , some of the light is reflected back directly but most of it penetrates the ocean surface and interacts with the water molecules that it encounters .", "The red , orange , yellow , and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When light hits the water surface, the different colors are absorbed, transmitted, scattered or reflected in differing intensities by water molecules and other so - called optically - active constituents in suspension in the upper layer of the ocean. The red, orange, yellow and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets.", "selected_sentences": [ "When light hits the water surface , the different colors are absorbed , transmitted , scattered , or reflected in differing intensities by water molecules and other so - called optically - active constituents in suspension in the upper layer of the ocean .", "The red , orange , yellow , and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Peloponnesian War", "text": "The Peloponnesian War ( 431 -- 404 BC ) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta . Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases . In the first phase , the Archidamian War , Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica , while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire . This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC , with the signing of the Peace of Nicias . That treaty , however , was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese . In 415 BC , Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily ; the attack failed disastrously , with the destruction of the entire force , in 413 BC . This ushered in the final phase of the war , generally referred to either as the Decelean War , or the Ionian War . In this phase , Sparta , now receiving support from Persia , supported rebellions in Athens ' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia , undermining Athens ' empire , and , eventually , depriving the city of naval supremacy . The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war , and Athens surrendered in the following year . Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused . ", "sentences": [ "The Peloponnesian War ( 431 -- 404 BC ) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta .", "Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases .", "In the first phase , the Archidamian War , Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica , while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire .", "This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC , with the signing of the Peace of Nicias .", "That treaty , however , was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese .", "In 415 BC , Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily ; the attack failed disastrously , with the destruction of the entire force , in 413 BC .", "This ushered in the final phase of the war , generally referred to either as the Decelean War , or the Ionian War .", "In this phase , Sparta , now receiving support from Persia , supported rebellions in Athens ' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia , undermining Athens ' empire , and , eventually , depriving the city of naval supremacy .", "The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war , and Athens surrendered in the following year .", "Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Peloponnesian War (431 - 404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. In the final phase of the war, Sparta, now receiving support from Persia, supported rebellions in Athens' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens' empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. The destruction of Athens' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Peloponnesian War ( 431 -- 404 BC ) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta .", "This ushered in the final phase of the war , generally referred to either as the Decelean War , or the Ionian War .", "In this phase , Sparta , now receiving support from Persia , supported rebellions in Athens ' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia , undermining Athens ' empire , and , eventually , depriving the city of naval supremacy .", "The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war , and Athens surrendered in the following year ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the Peloponnesian War, and Athens surrendered in the following year . Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused .", "selected_sentences": [ "The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war , and Athens surrendered in the following year .", "Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Duffer Brothers", "text": "The Duffer brothers were born and raised in Durham , North Carolina . They began making films in the third grade using a Hi8 video camera that was a gift from their parents . They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school . They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts , where they graduated in 2007 . After writing and / or directing a number of short films , their script for the post-apocalyptic horror film , Hidden , was acquired by Warner Bros. Pictures in 2011 . The brothers directed the film in 2012 , which was released in 2015 . Director M. Night Shyamalan read the script and hired them as writer / producers on the Fox television series Wayward Pines . ", "sentences": [ "The Duffer brothers were born and raised in Durham , North Carolina .", "They began making films in the third grade using a Hi8 video camera that was a gift from their parents .", "They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school .", "They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts , where they graduated in 2007 .", "After writing and / or directing a number of short films , their script for the post-apocalyptic horror film , Hidden , was acquired by Warner Bros. Pictures in 2011 .", "The brothers directed the film in 2012 , which was released in 2015 .", "Director M. Night Shyamalan read the script and hired them as writer / producers on the Fox television series Wayward Pines ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Duffer brothers were born and raised in Durham, North Carolina. They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8, a private suburban school, and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School, a large Durham public school. They relocated to Orange, California to study film at Chapman University's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Duffer brothers were born and raised in Durham , North Carolina .", "They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school .", "They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts , where they graduated in 2007 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Duffer Brothers attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school . They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts.", "selected_sentences": [ "They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school .", "They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts , where they graduated in 2007 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Lake House (film)", "text": "The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama directed by Alejandro Agresti and starring Keanu Reeves , Sandra Bullock and Christopher Plummer . It was written by David Auburn . The film is a remake of the South Korean motion picture Il Mare ( 2000 ) . The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006 . The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time ; they carry on correspondence over two years , remaining separated by their original difference of two years . ", "sentences": [ "The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama directed by Alejandro Agresti and starring Keanu Reeves , Sandra Bullock and Christopher Plummer .", "It was written by David Auburn .", "The film is a remake of the South Korean motion picture Il Mare ( 2000 ) .", "The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006 .", "The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time ; they carry on correspondence over two years , remaining separated by their original difference of two years ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama. The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006. The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time; they carry on correspondence over two years, remaining separated by their original difference of two years.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama directed by Alejandro Agresti and starring Keanu Reeves , Sandra Bullock and Christopher Plummer .", "The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006 .", "The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time ; they carry on correspondence over two years , remaining separated by their original difference of two years ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "text": "The Grinch is a bitter , grouchy , cave - dwelling creature with a heart `` two sizes too small '' who lives on snowy Mount Crumpit , a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville , home of the merry and warm - hearted Whos . His only companion is his unloved , but loyal dog , Max . From his cave , the Grinch can hear the noisy Christmas festivities that take place in Whoville . Annoyed , he decides to stop Christmas from coming by stealing their presents , trees , and food for their Christmas feast . He crudely disguises himself as Santa Claus , and forces Max , disguised as a reindeer , to drag a sleigh to Whoville . Once there , the Grinch slides down the chimney and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire . He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl , but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home . ", "sentences": [ "The Grinch is a bitter , grouchy , cave - dwelling creature with a heart `` two sizes too small '' who lives on snowy Mount Crumpit , a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville , home of the merry and warm - hearted Whos .", "His only companion is his unloved , but loyal dog , Max .", "From his cave , the Grinch can hear the noisy Christmas festivities that take place in Whoville .", "Annoyed , he decides to stop Christmas from coming by stealing their presents , trees , and food for their Christmas feast .", "He crudely disguises himself as Santa Claus , and forces Max , disguised as a reindeer , to drag a sleigh to Whoville .", "Once there , the Grinch slides down the chimney and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire .", "He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl , but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Grinch and Max slides down the chimney and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire . He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl", "selected_sentences": [ "His only companion is his unloved , but loyal dog , Max .", "Once there , the Grinch slides down the chimney and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire .", "He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl , but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Grinch, his dog Max and the little girl Cindy Lou.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Grinch is a bitter , grouchy , cave - dwelling creature with a heart `` two sizes too small '' who lives on snowy Mount Crumpit , a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville , home of the merry and warm - hearted Whos .", "His only companion is his unloved , but loyal dog , Max .", "He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl , but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Statue of Liberty", "text": "According to the National Park Service , the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye the president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time . The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye , a staunch abolitionist and Frédéric Bartholdi , a sculptor . In after - dinner conversation at his home near Versailles , Laboulaye , an ardent supporter of the Union in the American Civil War , is supposed to have said : `` If a monument should rise in the United States , as a memorial to their independence , I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort -- a common work of both our nations . '' The National Park Service , in a 2000 report , however , deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet , and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870 . In another essay on their website , the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences , `` With the abolition of slavery and the Union 's victory in the Civil War in 1865 , Laboulaye 's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States . In order to honor these achievements , Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France . Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States , the French people would be inspired to call for their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy . '' Bartholdi ", "sentences": [ "According to the National Park Service , the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye the president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time .", "The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye , a staunch abolitionist and Frédéric Bartholdi , a sculptor .", "In after - dinner conversation at his home near Versailles , Laboulaye , an ardent supporter of the Union in the American Civil War , is supposed to have said : `` If a monument should rise in the United States , as a memorial to their independence , I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort -- a common work of both our nations . ''", "The National Park Service , in a 2000 report , however , deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet , and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870 .", "In another essay on their website , the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences , `` With the abolition of slavery and the Union 's victory in the Civil War in 1865 , Laboulaye 's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States .", "In order to honor these achievements , Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France .", "Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States , the French people would be inspired to call for their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy . ''", "Bartholdi" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "According to the National Park Service, the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye the president of the French Anti-Slavery Society. With the abolition of slavery and the Union's victory in the Civil War in 1865, Laboulaye's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States. In order to honor these achievements, Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France.", "selected_sentences": [ "According to the National Park Service , the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye the president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time .", "In another essay on their website , the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences , `` With the abolition of slavery and the Union 's victory in the Civil War in 1865 , Laboulaye 's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States .", "In order to honor these achievements , Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Friday Night Lights (TV series)", "text": "Filming for the show 's pilot began in February 2006 in Austin , Texas . Berg said he required filming the pilot and eventually the show in Texas as `` a deal breaker '' in order to agree to participate weekly in the project . The show features homages to its Texas heritage . In the pilot , Berg featured Texas Longhorns football coach Mack Brown as a Dillon booster and had a caller to the fictional Panther Radio compare Panthers ' coach Eric Taylor to Brown . The pilot referred to much of the surrounding area in its scenes . Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School 's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex . The Dillon Panther football team and coaches ' uniforms were based on the uniforms of the Pflugerville Panthers . Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf . ", "sentences": [ "Filming for the show 's pilot began in February 2006 in Austin , Texas .", "Berg said he required filming the pilot and eventually the show in Texas as `` a deal breaker '' in order to agree to participate weekly in the project .", "The show features homages to its Texas heritage .", "In the pilot , Berg featured Texas Longhorns football coach Mack Brown as a Dillon booster and had a caller to the fictional Panther Radio compare Panthers ' coach Eric Taylor to Brown .", "The pilot referred to much of the surrounding area in its scenes .", "Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School 's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex .", "The Dillon Panther football team and coaches ' uniforms were based on the uniforms of the Pflugerville Panthers .", "Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Football scenes were filmed in Texas at the Pflugerville High School Kuempel Stadium, at the RRISD Complex, as well as at the Texas School for the Deaf.", "selected_sentences": [ "Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School 's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex .", "Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Filming for Friday Night Lights began in Austin, Texas. Football scenes were filmed at the Pflugerville High School's Kuempel Stadium at the RRISD Complex, as well as at the Texas School for the Deaf.", "selected_sentences": [ "Filming for the show 's pilot began in February 2006 in Austin , Texas .", "Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School 's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex .", "Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cousin marriage", "text": "These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s . Though contemporaneous , the eugenics movement did not play much of a direct role in the bans . George Louis Arner in 1908 considered the ban a clumsy and ineffective method of eugenics , which he thought would eventually be replaced by more refined techniques . By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled . Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985 , Maine has mandated genetic counseling for marrying cousins to minimise risk to any of serious health defect to their children . The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws unanimously recommended in 1970 that all such laws should be repealed , but no state has dropped its prohibition . ", "sentences": [ "These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s .", "Though contemporaneous , the eugenics movement did not play much of a direct role in the bans .", "George Louis Arner in 1908 considered the ban a clumsy and ineffective method of eugenics , which he thought would eventually be replaced by more refined techniques .", "By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled .", "Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985 , Maine has mandated genetic counseling for marrying cousins to minimise risk to any of serious health defect to their children .", "The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws unanimously recommended in 1970 that all such laws should be repealed , but no state has dropped its prohibition ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s . By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled .Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985.", "selected_sentences": [ "These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s .", "By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled .", "Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985 , Maine has mandated genetic counseling for marrying cousins to minimise risk to any of serious health defect to their children ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s . By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled . Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage.", "selected_sentences": [ "These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s .", "By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled .", "Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985 , Maine has mandated genetic counseling for marrying cousins to minimise risk to any of serious health defect to their children ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The One with the Embryos", "text": "The trivia game begins , with various facts about the characters being revealed such as Joey 's space - cowboy imaginary friend ( Maurice ) and Rachel 's actual favorite movie ( Weekend at Bernie 's ) . A nine - to - nine score leads to a lightning round . Monica raises the stakes : If the women win , Joey and Chandler must give up their birds , as the maturing Chick is crowing in the mornings and waking them up . Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them , which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel . The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler 's job , and the boys win . ", "sentences": [ "The trivia game begins , with various facts about the characters being revealed such as Joey 's space - cowboy imaginary friend ( Maurice ) and Rachel 's actual favorite movie ( Weekend at Bernie 's ) .", "A nine - to - nine score leads to a lightning round .", "Monica raises the stakes : If the women win , Joey and Chandler must give up their birds , as the maturing Chick is crowing in the mornings and waking them up .", "Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them , which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel .", "The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler 's job , and the boys win ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The trivia game begins. Monica raises the stakes: If the women win, Joey and Chandler must give up their birds. Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them, which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel. The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler's job, and the boys win.", "selected_sentences": [ "The trivia game begins , with various facts about the characters being revealed such as Joey 's space - cowboy imaginary friend ( Maurice ) and Rachel 's actual favorite movie ( Weekend at Bernie 's ) .", "Monica raises the stakes : If the women win , Joey and Chandler must give up their birds , as the maturing Chick is crowing in the mornings and waking them up .", "Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them , which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel .", "The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler 's job , and the boys win ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In the episode The One with the Embryos, in the trivia game, Chandler suggested that Rachel and Monica give up their apartment and Monica agreed without consulting Rachel. The girls lost and the boys won.", "selected_sentences": [ "The trivia game begins , with various facts about the characters being revealed such as Joey 's space - cowboy imaginary friend ( Maurice ) and Rachel 's actual favorite movie ( Weekend at Bernie 's ) .", "Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them , which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel .", "The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler 's job , and the boys win ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Great Pacific garbage patch", "text": "There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics . In a study published in 2014 , researchers sampled 1571 locations throughout the worlds oceans , and determined that discarded fishing gear such as buoys , lines , and nets accounted for more than 60 % of the mass of plastic marine debris . According to a 2011 EPA report , `` The primary source of marine debris is the improper waste disposal or management of trash and manufacturing products , including plastics ( e.g. , littering , illegal dumping ) ... Debris is generated on land at marinas , ports , rivers , harbors , docks , and storm drains . Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels , stationary platforms , and cargo ships . '' Pollutants range in size from abandoned fishing nets to micro-pellets used in cosmetics and abrasive cleaners . Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years , and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less . ", "sentences": [ "There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics .", "In a study published in 2014 , researchers sampled 1571 locations throughout the worlds oceans , and determined that discarded fishing gear such as buoys , lines , and nets accounted for more than 60 % of the mass of plastic marine debris .", "According to a 2011 EPA report , `` The primary source of marine debris is the improper waste disposal or management of trash and manufacturing products , including plastics ( e.g. , littering , illegal dumping ) ...", "Debris is generated on land at marinas , ports , rivers , harbors , docks , and storm drains .", "Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels , stationary platforms , and cargo ships . ''", "Pollutants range in size from abandoned fishing nets to micro-pellets used in cosmetics and abrasive cleaners .", "Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years , and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics. Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels, stationary platforms and cargo ships. Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less.", "selected_sentences": [ "There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics .", "Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels , stationary platforms , and cargo ships . ''", "Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years , and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "McCulloch v. Maryland", "text": "McCulloch v. Maryland , 17 U.S. ( 4 Wheat . ) 316 ( 1819 ) , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States . The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland . Though the law , by its language , was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution . ", "sentences": [ "McCulloch v. Maryland , 17 U.S. ( 4 Wheat . )", "316 ( 1819 ) , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States .", "The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland .", "Though the law , by its language , was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States .", "The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution .", "selected_sentences": [ "The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland .", "The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution .", "selected_sentences": [ "The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland .", "Though the law , by its language , was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States .", "The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "North Africa", "text": "North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt . It is important to note that the term `` North Africa '' , particularly when used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is often considered separately . ", "sentences": [ "North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent .", "The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition .", "It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east .", "Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) .", "The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt .", "It is important to note that the term `` North Africa '' , particularly when used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya .", "Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is often considered separately ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent. The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as well as Libya and Egypt. Egypt, due to its greater Middle Eastern associations, is often considered separately.", "selected_sentences": [ "North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent .", "The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt .", "Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is often considered separately ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "North Africa is situated in the northern-most region of the African continent, stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east. It includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt .", "selected_sentences": [ "North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent .", "It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east .", "The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Dow Jones Industrial Average", "text": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average / ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz / , also called DJIA , the Industrial Average , the Dow Jones , the Dow Jones Industrial , ^ DJI , the Dow 30 or simply the Dow , is a stock market index , and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow . The industrial average was first calculated on May 26 , 1896 . Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices , which is majority owned by S&P Global , it is the most notable of the Dow Averages , of which the first ( non-industrial ) was originally published on February 16 , 1885 . The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates , statistician Edward Jones . It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market . It is the second - oldest U.S. market index after the Dow Jones Transportation Average , which was also created by Dow . ", "sentences": [ "The Dow Jones Industrial Average / ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz / , also called DJIA , the Industrial Average , the Dow Jones , the Dow Jones Industrial , ^ DJI , the Dow 30 or simply the Dow , is a stock market index , and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow .", "The industrial average was first calculated on May 26 , 1896 .", "Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices , which is majority owned by S&P Global , it is the most notable of the Dow Averages , of which the first ( non-industrial ) was originally published on February 16 , 1885 .", "The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates , statistician Edward Jones .", "It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market .", "It is the second - oldest U.S. market index after the Dow Jones Transportation Average , which was also created by Dow ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Dow Jones Industrial Average are named after co-founder Charles Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Dow Jones Industrial Average / ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz / , also called DJIA , the Industrial Average , the Dow Jones , the Dow Jones Industrial , ^ DJI , the Dow 30 or simply the Dow , is a stock market index , and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow .", "The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates , statistician Edward Jones ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Doldrums", "text": "The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage , which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low - pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm . The doldrums are also noted for calm periods when the winds disappear altogether , trapping sailing ships for periods of days or weeks . The term appears to have arisen in the eighteenth century , when trans - equator sailing voyages became more common . Since this zone is where two trade winds meet , it is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone . They roughly lie between latitudes 5 ° north and south . ", "sentences": [ "The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage , which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low - pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm .", "The doldrums are also noted for calm periods when the winds disappear altogether , trapping sailing ships for periods of days or weeks .", "The term appears to have arisen in the eighteenth century , when trans - equator sailing voyages became more common .", "Since this zone is where two trade winds meet , it is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone .", "They roughly lie between latitudes 5 ° north and south ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage , which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low - pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm .Since this zone is where two trade winds meet , it is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone .\r\n They roughly lie between latitudes 5 ° north and south .", "selected_sentences": [ "The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage , which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low - pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm .", "Since this zone is where two trade winds meet , it is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone .", "They roughly lie between latitudes 5 ° north and south ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Royal Rumble (2008)", "text": "The main event was the Royal Rumble match . The first two superstars who began the match were Shawn Michaels and The Undertaker ( who were the final two superstars in the previous year 's Royal Rumble ) where they remained in the match for a little over 30 minutes . During the match Michaels eliminated Shelton Benjamin for the third consecutive royal rumble match . The ninth entrant , Hornswoggle was the smallest wrestler to ever compete in the rumble match , and eliminate another superstar . He remained hidden under the ring throughout the match . He would however assist in eliminating The Miz , but later on , after attempting to interfere again , Mark Henry and Big Daddy V grabbed Hornswoggle . As they prepared to throw him over the top rope , Finlay illegally entered the match , as he was not due to enter the match yet , and hit Henry and Big Daddy V with a shillelagh . He then left alongside Hornswoggle and it was later announced that Finlay was disqualified for using the shillelagh , and Hornswoggle was eliminated ( leaving the match with Finlay ) . The twenty sixth entry , Chavo Guerrero , was the first world champion wrestler to compete in the Royal Rumble match since 1990 , when Hulk Hogan won the match . Triple H , the twenty ninth entrant , dominated as he entered the match , eliminating Big Daddy V , Batista , Mick Foley , and Kane . This was Kane 's tenth consecutive Royal Rumble match , which is a record . The turn of the Royal Rumble match came when John Cena , who was originally scheduled to be sidelined with a torn pectoral muscle until later in the year , entered the match as the thirtieth entrant making his `` triumphant return '' . He set a record for the shortest time that the eventual winner spent in the rumble match . He spent 8 : 28 in the ring , passing Brock Lesnar 's record of 8 : 59 . He ended up squaring off with Triple H , as the final two men left in the match . Triple H would attempt to Pedigree Cena , but Cena would counter it into the FU that saw him throw Triple H over the top rope , thus winning the Royal Rumble match and a World Championship match at WrestleMania XXIV . ", "sentences": [ "The main event was the Royal Rumble match .", "The first two superstars who began the match were Shawn Michaels and The Undertaker ( who were the final two superstars in the previous year 's Royal Rumble ) where they remained in the match for a little over 30 minutes .", "During the match Michaels eliminated Shelton Benjamin for the third consecutive royal rumble match .", "The ninth entrant , Hornswoggle was the smallest wrestler to ever compete in the rumble match , and eliminate another superstar .", "He remained hidden under the ring throughout the match .", "He would however assist in eliminating The Miz , but later on , after attempting to interfere again , Mark Henry and Big Daddy V grabbed Hornswoggle .", "As they prepared to throw him over the top rope , Finlay illegally entered the match , as he was not due to enter the match yet , and hit Henry and Big Daddy V with a shillelagh .", "He then left alongside Hornswoggle and it was later announced that Finlay was disqualified for using the shillelagh , and Hornswoggle was eliminated ( leaving the match with Finlay ) .", "The twenty sixth entry , Chavo Guerrero , was the first world champion wrestler to compete in the Royal Rumble match since 1990 , when Hulk Hogan won the match .", "Triple H , the twenty ninth entrant , dominated as he entered the match , eliminating Big Daddy V , Batista , Mick Foley , and Kane .", "This was Kane 's tenth consecutive Royal Rumble match , which is a record .", "The turn of the Royal Rumble match came when John Cena , who was originally scheduled to be sidelined with a torn pectoral muscle until later in the year , entered the match as the thirtieth entrant making his `` triumphant return '' .", "He set a record for the shortest time that the eventual winner spent in the rumble match .", "He spent 8 : 28 in the ring , passing Brock Lesnar 's record of 8 : 59 .", "He ended up squaring off with Triple H , as the final two men left in the match .", "Triple H would attempt to Pedigree Cena , but Cena would counter it into the FU that saw him throw Triple H over the top rope , thus winning the Royal Rumble match and a World Championship match at WrestleMania XXIV ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Hornswoggle was the smallest wrestler to ever compete in the rumble match and eliminate another superstar. He remained hidden under the ring throughout the match. The final two men in the match are Triple H and Cena. Cena throws Triple H over the top rope, thus winning the Royal Rumble match and a World Championship match at WrestleMania XXIV.", "selected_sentences": [ "The ninth entrant , Hornswoggle was the smallest wrestler to ever compete in the rumble match , and eliminate another superstar .", "He remained hidden under the ring throughout the match .", "He ended up squaring off with Triple H , as the final two men left in the match .", "Triple H would attempt to Pedigree Cena , but Cena would counter it into the FU that saw him throw Triple H over the top rope , thus winning the Royal Rumble match and a World Championship match at WrestleMania XXIV ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Qing dynasty", "text": "The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria . In the late 16th century , Nurhaci , originally a Ming vassal , began organising `` Banners '' , military - social units that included Jurchen , Han Chinese and Mongol elements . Nurhaci formed the Jurchen clans into a unified entity , which he renamed as the Manchus . By 1636 , his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty , the Qing . In 1644 , peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital , Beijing . Rather than serve them , Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon , who defeated the rebels and seized the capital . Resistance from the Southern Ming and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui extended the conquest of China proper for nearly four decades and was not completed until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor ( r . 1661 -- 1722 ) . The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia . The early rulers maintained their Manchu ways , and while their title was Emperor , they used Bogd khaan to the Mongols , and they were patrons of Tibetan Buddhism . They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus . They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in dealing with neighboring territories . ", "sentences": [ "The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria .", "In the late 16th century , Nurhaci , originally a Ming vassal , began organising `` Banners '' , military - social units that included Jurchen , Han Chinese and Mongol elements .", "Nurhaci formed the Jurchen clans into a unified entity , which he renamed as the Manchus .", "By 1636 , his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty , the Qing .", "In 1644 , peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital , Beijing .", "Rather than serve them , Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon , who defeated the rebels and seized the capital .", "Resistance from the Southern Ming and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui extended the conquest of China proper for nearly four decades and was not completed until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor ( r . 1661 -- 1722 ) .", "The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia .", "The early rulers maintained their Manchu ways , and while their title was Emperor , they used Bogd khaan to the Mongols , and they were patrons of Tibetan Buddhism .", "They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus .", "They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in dealing with neighboring territories ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia. They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia .", "They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Big Five personality traits", "text": "The Big Five personality traits , also known as the five factor model ( FFM ) , is a taxonomy for personality traits . It is based on common language descriptors . When factor analysis ( a statistical technique ) is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person . For example , someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as `` always prepared '' rather than `` messy '' . This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments . This theory uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche . The five factors have been defined as openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness , and neuroticism , often represented by the acronyms OCEAN or CANOE . Beneath each proposed global factor , there are a number of correlated and more specific primary factors . For example , extraversion is said to include such related qualities as gregariousness , assertiveness , excitement seeking , warmth , activity , and positive emotions . ", "sentences": [ "The Big Five personality traits , also known as the five factor model ( FFM ) , is a taxonomy for personality traits .", "It is based on common language descriptors .", "When factor analysis ( a statistical technique ) is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person .", "For example , someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as `` always prepared '' rather than `` messy '' .", "This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments .", "This theory uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche .", "The five factors have been defined as openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness , and neuroticism , often represented by the acronyms OCEAN or CANOE .", "Beneath each proposed global factor , there are a number of correlated and more specific primary factors .", "For example , extraversion is said to include such related qualities as gregariousness , assertiveness , excitement seeking , warmth , activity , and positive emotions ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Big Five personality traits is a taxonomy for personality traits. When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data, some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. For example, someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as ``always prepared'' rather than ``messy''. This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Big Five personality traits , also known as the five factor model ( FFM ) , is a taxonomy for personality traits .", "When factor analysis ( a statistical technique ) is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person .", "For example , someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as `` always prepared '' rather than `` messy '' .", "This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. The Big Five personality traits is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments. It uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche. The five factors have been defined as openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness , and neuroticism.", "selected_sentences": [ "When factor analysis ( a statistical technique ) is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person .", "This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments .", "This theory uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche .", "The five factors have been defined as openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness , and neuroticism , often represented by the acronyms OCEAN or CANOE ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Flag of Canada", "text": "The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century . It was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the coat of arms of both Ontario and Quebec . In 1867 , Alexander Muir composed the patriotic song `` The Maple Leaf Forever '' , which became an unofficial anthem in English - speaking Canada . The maple leaf was later added to the Canadian coat of arms in 1921 . From 1876 until 1901 , the leaf appeared on all Canadian coins and remained on the penny after 1901 . The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860 . During the First World War and Second World War , badges of the Canadian Forces were often based on a maple leaf design . The maple leaf would eventually adorn the tombstones of Canadian military graves . ", "sentences": [ "The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century .", "It was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the coat of arms of both Ontario and Quebec .", "In 1867 , Alexander Muir composed the patriotic song `` The Maple Leaf Forever '' , which became an unofficial anthem in English - speaking Canada .", "The maple leaf was later added to the Canadian coat of arms in 1921 .", "From 1876 until 1901 , the leaf appeared on all Canadian coins and remained on the penny after 1901 .", "The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860 .", "During the First World War and Second World War , badges of the Canadian Forces were often based on a maple leaf design .", "The maple leaf would eventually adorn the tombstones of Canadian military graves ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century. The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860.", "selected_sentences": [ "The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century .", "The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century. The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860.\r\nIt was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the coat of arms of both Ontario and Quebec .", "selected_sentences": [ "The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century .", "It was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the coat of arms of both Ontario and Quebec .", "The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Victorian morality", "text": "Religious morality changed drastically during the Victorian Era . When Victoria took the throne the Anglican Church was very powerful -- running schools and universities , and with high ranking churchmen holding offices in the House of Lords . The Church 's power continued to rule in rural areas throughout the Victorian Era ; however that was not the case in industrialised cities . In the cities those against the Church were many and dissent was rampant . However , dissent has been running its pressure since the onset of Puritanism in politics even before the Oliver Cromwell days . The dissenting sects were against what the Anglican church was using its power for . The Church demanded obedience to God , submissiveness and resignation with the goal of making people more malleable to the will of the Church . The Church was accused of appeasing the will of the elite , and of caring little if at all about the needs and wants of the lower , peasant class , from which dissent emerged Methodism , Congregationalism , The Society of Friends ( Quakers ) and Presbyterianism . The Methodists and Presbyterians in particular stressed personal salvation through direct individual faith in Jesus Christ 's sacrificial death and resurrection on the behalf of sinners , citing the New Testament Gospels and the writings of the Apostles Peter , James and Paul . This stress on individualism is seen throughout the Victorian Era and becomes even more developed in middle class life . ", "sentences": [ "Religious morality changed drastically during the Victorian Era .", "When Victoria took the throne the Anglican Church was very powerful -- running schools and universities , and with high ranking churchmen holding offices in the House of Lords .", "The Church 's power continued to rule in rural areas throughout the Victorian Era ; however that was not the case in industrialised cities .", "In the cities those against the Church were many and dissent was rampant .", "However , dissent has been running its pressure since the onset of Puritanism in politics even before the Oliver Cromwell days .", "The dissenting sects were against what the Anglican church was using its power for .", "The Church demanded obedience to God , submissiveness and resignation with the goal of making people more malleable to the will of the Church .", "The Church was accused of appeasing the will of the elite , and of caring little if at all about the needs and wants of the lower , peasant class , from which dissent emerged Methodism , Congregationalism , The Society of Friends ( Quakers ) and Presbyterianism .", "The Methodists and Presbyterians in particular stressed personal salvation through direct individual faith in Jesus Christ 's sacrificial death and resurrection on the behalf of sinners , citing the New Testament Gospels and the writings of the Apostles Peter , James and Paul .", "This stress on individualism is seen throughout the Victorian Era and becomes even more developed in middle class life ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When Victoria took the throne the Anglican Church was very powerful -- running schools and universities , and with high ranking churchmen holding offices in the House of Lords . The Church 's power continued to rule in rural areas throughout the Victorian Era ; however that was not the case in industrialised cities .The Methodists and Presbyterians in particular stressed personal salvation through direct individual faith in Jesus Christ 's sacrificial death and resurrection on the behalf of sinners , citing the New Testament Gospels and the writings of the Apostles Peter , James and Paul .", "selected_sentences": [ "When Victoria took the throne the Anglican Church was very powerful -- running schools and universities , and with high ranking churchmen holding offices in the House of Lords .", "The Church 's power continued to rule in rural areas throughout the Victorian Era ; however that was not the case in industrialised cities .", "The Methodists and Presbyterians in particular stressed personal salvation through direct individual faith in Jesus Christ 's sacrificial death and resurrection on the behalf of sinners , citing the New Testament Gospels and the writings of the Apostles Peter , James and Paul ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Christian cross", "text": "The cross-shaped sign , represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles , greatly predates the introduction of Christianity , in both East and West . It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization . It is supposed to have been used not just for its ornamental value , but also with religious significance . It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation . It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization . ", "sentences": [ "The cross-shaped sign , represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles , greatly predates the introduction of Christianity , in both East and West .", "It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization .", "It is supposed to have been used not just for its ornamental value , but also with religious significance .", "It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation .", "It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization. It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire, and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun. It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest, or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization.", "selected_sentences": [ "It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization .", "It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation .", "It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The cross symbol may be refering to the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation. It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization .", "selected_sentences": [ "The cross-shaped sign , represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles , greatly predates the introduction of Christianity , in both East and West .", "It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation .", "It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Prince Hamlet", "text": "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet . He is the Prince of Denmark , nephew to the usurping Claudius , and son of King Hamlet , the previous King of Denmark . At the beginning of the play , he struggles with whether , and how , to avenge the murder of his father , and struggles with his own sanity along the way . By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) . ", "sentences": [ "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet .", "He is the Prince of Denmark , nephew to the usurping Claudius , and son of King Hamlet , the previous King of Denmark .", "At the beginning of the play , he struggles with whether , and how , to avenge the murder of his father , and struggles with his own sanity along the way .", "By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern .", "He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Prince Hamlet is the title character. At the beginning of the play, he struggles with whether, and how, to avenge the murder of his father, and struggles with his own sanity along the way. By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia and of his mother Gertrude.", "selected_sentences": [ "Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet .", "At the beginning of the play , he struggles with whether , and how , to avenge the murder of his father , and struggles with his own sanity along the way .", "By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern .", "He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Widow's peak", "text": "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood . The use of peak in relation to hair dates from 1833 . The expression widow 's peak dates from 1849 . The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 . Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century . A mourning cap or ' Mary Stuart Cap ' is a cap which features a very distinctive triangular fold of cloth in the middle of the forehead , creating an artificial widow 's peak . The use of peak referring to a point in the cloth covering the forehead dates to at least 1509 when it appears in Alexander Barclay 's The Shyp of Folys : ", "sentences": [ "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood .", "The use of peak in relation to hair dates from 1833 .", "The expression widow 's peak dates from 1849 .", "The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 .", "Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century .", "A mourning cap or ' Mary Stuart Cap ' is a cap which features a very distinctive triangular fold of cloth in the middle of the forehead , creating an artificial widow 's peak .", "The use of peak referring to a point in the cloth covering the forehead dates to at least 1509 when it appears in Alexander Barclay 's The Shyp of Folys :" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The expression widow's peak dates from 1849. The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood. The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress, particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530. Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century.", "selected_sentences": [ "The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood .", "The expression widow 's peak dates from 1849 .", "The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 .", "Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Niche differentiation", "text": "When species use different resources , this can help them to coexist . For example , some lizard species appear to coexist because they consume insects of differing sizes . Alternatively , species can coexist on the same resources if each species is limited by different resources , or differently able to capture resources . For example , different types of phytoplankton can coexist when different species are differently limited by nitrogen , phosphorus , silicon , and light . In the Galapagos Islands , finches with small beaks are more able to consume small seeds , and finches with large beaks are more able to consume large seeds . If a species ' density declines , then the food it most depends on will become more abundant ( since there are so few individuals to consume it ) . As a result , the remaining individuals will experience less competition for food . ", "sentences": [ "When species use different resources , this can help them to coexist .", "For example , some lizard species appear to coexist because they consume insects of differing sizes .", "Alternatively , species can coexist on the same resources if each species is limited by different resources , or differently able to capture resources .", "For example , different types of phytoplankton can coexist when different species are differently limited by nitrogen , phosphorus , silicon , and light .", "In the Galapagos Islands , finches with small beaks are more able to consume small seeds , and finches with large beaks are more able to consume large seeds .", "If a species ' density declines , then the food it most depends on will become more abundant ( since there are so few individuals to consume it ) .", "As a result , the remaining individuals will experience less competition for food ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When species use different resources, this can help them to coexist. For example, in the Galapagos Islands, finches with small beaks are more able to consume small seeds, and finches with large beaks are more able to consume large seeds.", "selected_sentences": [ "When species use different resources , this can help them to coexist .", "In the Galapagos Islands , finches with small beaks are more able to consume small seeds , and finches with large beaks are more able to consume large seeds ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "God of War (2018 video game)", "text": "God of War is a third - person action - adventure game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment ( SIE ) . Released on April 20 , 2018 , for the PlayStation 4 ( PS4 ) console , it is the eighth installment in the God of War series , the eighth chronologically , and the sequel to 2010 's God of War III . Unlike previous games , which were loosely based on Greek mythology , this game is loosely based on Norse mythology . The main protagonists are Kratos , the former Greek God of War , and his young son Atreus . Following the death of Kratos ' second wife and Atreus ' mother , they journey to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms . Kratos keeps his troubled past a secret from Atreus , who is unaware of his divine nature . Along their journey , they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world . ", "sentences": [ "God of War is a third - person action - adventure game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment ( SIE ) .", "Released on April 20 , 2018 , for the PlayStation 4 ( PS4 ) console , it is the eighth installment in the God of War series , the eighth chronologically , and the sequel to 2010 's God of War III .", "Unlike previous games , which were loosely based on Greek mythology , this game is loosely based on Norse mythology .", "The main protagonists are Kratos , the former Greek God of War , and his young son Atreus .", "Following the death of Kratos ' second wife and Atreus ' mother , they journey to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms .", "Kratos keeps his troubled past a secret from Atreus , who is unaware of his divine nature .", "Along their journey , they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "God of War is a third person action - adventure game loosely based on Norse mythology. The main protagonists are Kratos and his young son Atreus. Following the death of Kratos' second wife and Atreus' mother, they journey to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms. Along their journey, they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world.", "selected_sentences": [ "God of War is a third - person action - adventure game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment ( SIE ) .", "Unlike previous games , which were loosely based on Greek mythology , this game is loosely based on Norse mythology .", "The main protagonists are Kratos , the former Greek God of War , and his young son Atreus .", "Following the death of Kratos ' second wife and Atreus ' mother , they journey to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms .", "Along their journey , they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "MetLife Stadium", "text": "As Giants Stadium approached 30 years of age , it was becoming one of the older stadiums in the NFL . The Jets , who had been the lesser tenants at the stadium ( which was called simply `` The Meadowlands '' for Jets games ) , sought to have their own stadium built in Manhattan proper , the proposed West Side Stadium . Originally intended to be the 85,000 - seat main stadium for New York 's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics , it was designed to be downsized to 75,000 seats for the Jets . However , the West Side Stadium would have required significant public funding , which collapsed in 2005 . The Jets then entered into a joint venture with the Giants to build a new stadium in which the two teams would be equal partners . ", "sentences": [ "As Giants Stadium approached 30 years of age , it was becoming one of the older stadiums in the NFL .", "The Jets , who had been the lesser tenants at the stadium ( which was called simply `` The Meadowlands '' for Jets games ) , sought to have their own stadium built in Manhattan proper , the proposed West Side Stadium .", "Originally intended to be the 85,000 - seat main stadium for New York 's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics , it was designed to be downsized to 75,000 seats for the Jets .", "However , the West Side Stadium would have required significant public funding , which collapsed in 2005 .", "The Jets then entered into a joint venture with the Giants to build a new stadium in which the two teams would be equal partners ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Jets sought to have their own stadium built, the proposed West Side Stadium. However, the West Side Stadium would have required significant public funding, which collapsed in 2005. The Jets then entered into a joint venture with the Giants to build a new stadium in which the two teams would be equal partners.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Jets , who had been the lesser tenants at the stadium ( which was called simply `` The Meadowlands '' for Jets games ) , sought to have their own stadium built in Manhattan proper , the proposed West Side Stadium .", "However , the West Side Stadium would have required significant public funding , which collapsed in 2005 .", "The Jets then entered into a joint venture with the Giants to build a new stadium in which the two teams would be equal partners ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rapid eye movement sleep", "text": "Although it manifests differently in different animals , REM sleep or something like it occurs in all land mammals as well as in birds . The primary criteria used to identify REM are the change in electrical activity , measured by EEG , and loss of muscle tone , interspersed with bouts of twitching in phasic REM . The amount of REM sleep and cycling varies among animals ; predators enjoy more REM sleep than prey . Larger animals also tend to stay in REM for longer , possibly because higher thermal inertia of their brains and bodies allows them to tolerate longer suspension of thermoregulation . The period ( full cycle of REM and non-REM ) lasts for about 90 minutes in humans , 22 minutes in cats , and 12 minutes in rats . In utero , mammals spend more than half ( 50 -- 80 % ) of a 24 - hour day in REM sleep . ", "sentences": [ "Although it manifests differently in different animals , REM sleep or something like it occurs in all land mammals as well as in birds .", "The primary criteria used to identify REM are the change in electrical activity , measured by EEG , and loss of muscle tone , interspersed with bouts of twitching in phasic REM .", "The amount of REM sleep and cycling varies among animals ; predators enjoy more REM sleep than prey .", "Larger animals also tend to stay in REM for longer , possibly because higher thermal inertia of their brains and bodies allows them to tolerate longer suspension of thermoregulation .", "The period ( full cycle of REM and non-REM ) lasts for about 90 minutes in humans , 22 minutes in cats , and 12 minutes in rats .", "In utero , mammals spend more than half ( 50 -- 80 % ) of a 24 - hour day in REM sleep ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Predators enjoy more REM sleep than prey and larger animals tend to stay in REM for longer. In utero, mammals spend more than half (50-80 %) of a 24-hour day in REM sleep.", "selected_sentences": [ "The amount of REM sleep and cycling varies among animals ; predators enjoy more REM sleep than prey .", "Larger animals also tend to stay in REM for longer , possibly because higher thermal inertia of their brains and bodies allows them to tolerate longer suspension of thermoregulation .", "In utero , mammals spend more than half ( 50 -- 80 % ) of a 24 - hour day in REM sleep ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds . To `` make the cut '' , players must be either in the top 50 places ( ties counting ) , or within 10 strokes of the leader 's score . These criteria have applied since 2013 . From 1957 to 1960 , the top 40 scores ( including ties ) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut . From 1961 to 2012 , it was the top 44 ( and ties ) or within 10 strokes of the lead . Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired . ", "sentences": [ "After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds .", "To `` make the cut '' , players must be either in the top 50 places ( ties counting ) , or within 10 strokes of the leader 's score .", "These criteria have applied since 2013 .", "From 1957 to 1960 , the top 40 scores ( including ties ) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut .", "From 1961 to 2012 , it was the top 44 ( and ties ) or within 10 strokes of the lead .", "Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds since 2013. Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired .", "selected_sentences": [ "After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds .", "These criteria have applied since 2013 .", "Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Since 2013 a cut off score is calculated after 36 holes of play.", "selected_sentences": [ "After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds .", "These criteria have applied since 2013 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Whiskey Rebellion", "text": "The Whiskey Rebellion ( also known as the Whiskey Insurrection ) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington . The so - called `` whiskey tax '' was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government . It became law in 1791 , and was intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War . The tax applied to all distilled spirits , but American whiskey was by far the country 's most popular distilled beverage in the 18th century , so the excise became widely known as a `` whiskey tax '' . Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye , barley , wheat , corn , or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey . These farmers resisted the tax . In these regions , whiskey often served as a medium of exchange . Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution , in particular against taxation without local representation , while the federal government maintained that the taxes were the legal expression of Congressional taxation powers . ", "sentences": [ "The Whiskey Rebellion ( also known as the Whiskey Insurrection ) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington .", "The so - called `` whiskey tax '' was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government .", "It became law in 1791 , and was intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War .", "The tax applied to all distilled spirits , but American whiskey was by far the country 's most popular distilled beverage in the 18th century , so the excise became widely known as a `` whiskey tax '' .", "Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye , barley , wheat , corn , or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey .", "These farmers resisted the tax .", "In these regions , whiskey often served as a medium of exchange .", "Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution , in particular against taxation without local representation , while the federal government maintained that the taxes were the legal expression of Congressional taxation powers ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791. Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye, barley, wheat, corn, or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey. These farmers resisted the tax. Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution, in particular against taxation without local representation.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Whiskey Rebellion ( also known as the Whiskey Insurrection ) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington .", "Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye , barley , wheat , corn , or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey .", "These farmers resisted the tax .", "Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution , in particular against taxation without local representation , while the federal government maintained that the taxes were the legal expression of Congressional taxation powers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Spanish–American War", "text": "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20 , 1898 . In response , Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21 . On the same day , the US Navy began a blockade of Cuba . On April 23 , Spain stated that it would declare war if the US forces invaded its territory . On April 25 , Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21 , the day the blockade of Cuba had begun . The United States sent an ultimatum to Spain demanding that it surrender control of Cuba , but due to Spain not replying soon enough , the United States assumed Spain had ignored the ultimatum and continued to occupy Cuba . ", "sentences": [ "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20 , 1898 .", "In response , Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21 .", "On the same day , the US Navy began a blockade of Cuba .", "On April 23 , Spain stated that it would declare war if the US forces invaded its territory .", "On April 25 , Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21 , the day the blockade of Cuba had begun .", "The United States sent an ultimatum to Spain demanding that it surrender control of Cuba , but due to Spain not replying soon enough , the United States assumed Spain had ignored the ultimatum and continued to occupy Cuba ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20, 1898. On April 25, Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain.", "selected_sentences": [ "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20 , 1898 .", "On April 25 , Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21 , the day the blockade of Cuba had begun ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20, 1898. On April 25, Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21, the day the blockade of Cuba had begun.", "selected_sentences": [ "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20 , 1898 .", "On April 25 , Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21 , the day the blockade of Cuba had begun ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Secession in the United States", "text": "The most famous secession movement was the case of the Southern states of the United States . Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states ( and failed in two others ) . The seceding states joined together to form the Confederate States of America ( CSA ) . The eleven states of the CSA , in order of secession , were : South Carolina ( seceded December 20 , 1860 ) , Mississippi ( seceded January 9 , 1861 ) , Florida ( seceded January 10 , 1861 ) , Alabama ( seceded January 11 , 1861 ) , Georgia ( seceded January 19 , 1861 ) , Louisiana ( seceded January 26 , 1861 ) , Texas ( seceded February 1 , 1861 ) , Virginia ( seceded April 17 , 1861 ) , Arkansas ( seceded May 6 , 1861 ) , North Carolina ( seceded May 20 , 1861 ) , and Tennessee ( seceded June 8 , 1861 ) . Secession was declared by its supporters in Missouri and Kentucky , but did not become effective as it was opposed by their pro-Union state governments . This secession movement brought about the American Civil War . The position of the Union was that the Confederacy was not a sovereign nation -- and never had been , but that `` the Union '' was always a single nation by intent of the states themselves , from 1776 onward -- and thus that a rebellion had been initiated by individuals . Historian Bruce Catton described President Abraham Lincoln 's April 15 , 1861 , proclamation after the attack on Fort Sumter , which defined the Union 's position on the hostilities : ", "sentences": [ "The most famous secession movement was the case of the Southern states of the United States .", "Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states ( and failed in two others ) .", "The seceding states joined together to form the Confederate States of America ( CSA ) .", "The eleven states of the CSA , in order of secession , were : South Carolina ( seceded December 20 , 1860 ) , Mississippi ( seceded January 9 , 1861 ) , Florida ( seceded January 10 , 1861 ) , Alabama ( seceded January 11 , 1861 ) , Georgia ( seceded January 19 , 1861 ) , Louisiana ( seceded January 26 , 1861 ) , Texas ( seceded February 1 , 1861 ) , Virginia ( seceded April 17 , 1861 ) , Arkansas ( seceded May 6 , 1861 ) , North Carolina ( seceded May 20 , 1861 ) , and Tennessee ( seceded June 8 , 1861 ) .", "Secession was declared by its supporters in Missouri and Kentucky , but did not become effective as it was opposed by their pro-Union state governments .", "This secession movement brought about the American Civil War .", "The position of the Union was that the Confederacy was not a sovereign nation -- and never had been , but that `` the Union '' was always a single nation by intent of the states themselves , from 1776 onward -- and thus that a rebellion had been initiated by individuals .", "Historian Bruce Catton described President Abraham Lincoln 's April 15 , 1861 , proclamation after the attack on Fort Sumter , which defined the Union 's position on the hostilities :" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states. The eleven states of the CSA were: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.", "selected_sentences": [ "Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states ( and failed in two others ) .", "The eleven states of the CSA , in order of secession , were : South Carolina ( seceded December 20 , 1860 ) , Mississippi ( seceded January 9 , 1861 ) , Florida ( seceded January 10 , 1861 ) , Alabama ( seceded January 11 , 1861 ) , Georgia ( seceded January 19 , 1861 ) , Louisiana ( seceded January 26 , 1861 ) , Texas ( seceded February 1 , 1861 ) , Virginia ( seceded April 17 , 1861 ) , Arkansas ( seceded May 6 , 1861 ) , North Carolina ( seceded May 20 , 1861 ) , and Tennessee ( seceded June 8 , 1861 ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ejaculatory duct", "text": "Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens . As it passes by the seminal vesicles , a fluid rich in fructose combines with sperm . This addition nourishes the sperm in order to keep it active and motile . Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland , where an alkaline prostatic fluid is added . This addition provides the texture and odor associated with semen . The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid serves to neutralize the acidity of the female vaginal tract in order to prolong the survival of sperm in this harsh environment . Semen is now a fructose - rich , alkaline fluid containing sperm as it enters the bulbourethral glands below the prostate . The bulbourethral glands secrete a small amount of clear fluid into the urethra before the ejaculate is expelled . The functions of this fluid are not entirely known but are suggested to aid in lubricating the male urethra in preparation for the semen during ejaculation . The amount of semen produced and expelled during ejaculation corresponds to the length of time that the male is sexually aroused before ejaculation occurs . Generally , the longer the period of arousal , the larger the amount of seminal fluid . ", "sentences": [ "Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens .", "As it passes by the seminal vesicles , a fluid rich in fructose combines with sperm .", "This addition nourishes the sperm in order to keep it active and motile .", "Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland , where an alkaline prostatic fluid is added .", "This addition provides the texture and odor associated with semen .", "The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid serves to neutralize the acidity of the female vaginal tract in order to prolong the survival of sperm in this harsh environment .", "Semen is now a fructose - rich , alkaline fluid containing sperm as it enters the bulbourethral glands below the prostate .", "The bulbourethral glands secrete a small amount of clear fluid into the urethra before the ejaculate is expelled .", "The functions of this fluid are not entirely known but are suggested to aid in lubricating the male urethra in preparation for the semen during ejaculation .", "The amount of semen produced and expelled during ejaculation corresponds to the length of time that the male is sexually aroused before ejaculation occurs .", "Generally , the longer the period of arousal , the larger the amount of seminal fluid ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens. Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland.", "selected_sentences": [ "Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens .", "Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland , where an alkaline prostatic fluid is added ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens. Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland.", "selected_sentences": [ "Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens .", "Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland , where an alkaline prostatic fluid is added ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", "text": "The song features prominent use of the cowbell percussion instrument , overdubbed on the original recording . Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother , drummer Albert Bouchard , play the cowbell : `` Albert thought he was crazy . But he put all this tape around a cowbell and played it . It really pulled the track together . '' However , producer David Lucas says that he played it , a claim supported by guitarist Eric Bloom . ", "sentences": [ "The song features prominent use of the cowbell percussion instrument , overdubbed on the original recording .", "Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother , drummer Albert Bouchard , play the cowbell : `` Albert thought he was crazy .", "But he put all this tape around a cowbell and played it .", "It really pulled the track together . ''", "However , producer David Lucas says that he played it , a claim supported by guitarist Eric Bloom ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother, drummer Albert Bouchard, play the cowbell on (Don't Fear) The Reaper. However, producer David Lucas says that he played it, a claim supported by guitarist Eric Bloom.", "selected_sentences": [ "Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother , drummer Albert Bouchard , play the cowbell : `` Albert thought he was crazy .", "However , producer David Lucas says that he played it , a claim supported by guitarist Eric Bloom ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Chickenpox", "text": "Why the term was used is not clear but it may be due to it being a relatively mild disease . It has been said to be derived from chickpeas , based on resemblance of the vesicles to chickpeas , or to come from the rash resembling chicken pecks . Other suggestions include the designation chicken for a child ( i.e. , literally ' child pox ' ) , a corruption of itching - pox , or the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens . Samuel Johnson explained the designation as `` from its being of no very great danger '' . ", "sentences": [ "Why the term was used is not clear", "but it may be due to it being a relatively mild disease .", "It has been said to be derived from chickpeas , based on resemblance of the vesicles to chickpeas , or to come from the rash resembling chicken pecks .", "Other suggestions include the designation chicken for a child ( i.e. , literally ' child pox ' ) , a corruption of itching - pox , or the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens .", "Samuel Johnson explained the designation as `` from its being of no very great danger '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Why the term was used is not clear. It has been said to be derived from either chickpeas or chicken for a child (i.e., literally 'child pox').", "selected_sentences": [ "Why the term was used is not clear", "It has been said to be derived from chickpeas , based on resemblance of the vesicles to chickpeas , or to come from the rash resembling chicken pecks .", "Other suggestions include the designation chicken for a child ( i.e. , literally ' child pox ' ) , a corruption of itching - pox , or the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Why the term was used is not clear. It has been said to be derived from chickpeas, the rash resembling chicken pecks, chicken for a child, the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens, or \"its being of no very great danger.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "Why the term was used is not clear", "It has been said to be derived from chickpeas , based on resemblance of the vesicles to chickpeas , or to come from the rash resembling chicken pecks .", "Other suggestions include the designation chicken for a child ( i.e. , literally ' child pox ' ) , a corruption of itching - pox , or the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens .", "Samuel Johnson explained the designation as `` from its being of no very great danger '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Civil Constitution of the Clergy", "text": "Earlier legislation had already arranged the confiscation of the Catholic Church 's French land had been holdings and banned monastic vows . This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders , outlawing `` all regular and secular chapters for either sex , abbacies and priorships , both regular and in commendam , for either sex '' , etc . It also sought to settle the chaos caused by the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the abolition of the tithe . Additionally , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy regulated the current dioceses so that they could become more uniform and aligned with the administrative districts that had recently been created . It emphasised that officials of the church could not provide commitment to anything outside France , specifically the Pope ( due to his power and the influence he had ) which was outside France . Lastly , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy made Bishops and Priests elected . By having members of the Clergy elected the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people , since they would vote on the Priest and Bishops as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within . ", "sentences": [ "Earlier legislation had already arranged the confiscation of the Catholic Church 's French land had been holdings and banned monastic vows .", "This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders , outlawing `` all regular and secular chapters for either sex , abbacies and priorships , both regular and in commendam , for either sex '' , etc .", "It also sought to settle the chaos caused by the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the abolition of the tithe .", "Additionally , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy regulated the current dioceses so that they could become more uniform and aligned with the administrative districts that had recently been created .", "It emphasised that officials of the church could not provide commitment to anything outside France , specifically the Pope ( due to his power and the influence he had ) which was outside France .", "Lastly , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy made Bishops and Priests elected .", "By having members of the Clergy elected the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people , since they would vote on the Priest and Bishops as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Civil Constitution of the Clergy regulated the current dioceses so that they could become more uniform and aligned with the administrative districts that had recently been created. This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders, outlawing ``all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships, both regular and in commendam, for either sex ''. It settled the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the abolition of the tithe. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy made Bishops and Priests elected. By having members of the Clergy elected the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people , since they would vote on the Priest and Bishops as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within.", "selected_sentences": [ "This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders , outlawing `` all regular and secular chapters for either sex , abbacies and priorships , both regular and in commendam , for either sex '' , etc .", "It also sought to settle the chaos caused by the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the abolition of the tithe .", "Additionally , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy regulated the current dioceses so that they could become more uniform and aligned with the administrative districts that had recently been created .", "Lastly , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy made Bishops and Priests elected .", "By having members of the Clergy elected the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people , since they would vote on the Priest and Bishops as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Republic (Plato)", "text": "For over two and a half millennia , scholars have differed on the aptness of the city - soul analogy Socrates uses to find justice in Books II through V . The Republic is a dramatic dialogue , not a treatise . Socrates ' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated , only versions of justice within each city are `` found '' and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created . He builds a series of myths , or noble lies , to make the cities appear just , and these conditions moderate life within the communities . The `` earth born '' myth makes all men believe that they are born from the earth and have predestined natures within their veins . Accordingly , Socrates defines justice as `` working at that which he is naturally best suited '' , and `` to do one 's own business and not to be a busybody '' ( 433a -- 433b ) and goes on to say that justice sustains and perfects the other three cardinal virtues : Temperance , Wisdom , and Courage , and that justice is the cause and condition of their existence . Socrates does not include justice as a virtue within the city , suggesting that justice does not exist within the human soul either , rather it is the result of a `` well ordered '' soul . A result of this conception of justice separates people into three types ; that of the soldier , that of the producer , and that of a ruler . If a ruler can create just laws , and if the warriors can carry out the orders of the rulers , and if the producers can obey this authority , then a society will be just . ", "sentences": [ "For over two and a half millennia , scholars have differed on the aptness of the city - soul analogy Socrates uses to find justice in Books II through V .", "The Republic is a dramatic dialogue , not a treatise .", "Socrates ' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated , only versions of justice within each city are `` found '' and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created .", "He builds a series of myths , or noble lies , to make the cities appear just , and these conditions moderate life within the communities .", "The `` earth born '' myth makes all men believe that they are born from the earth and have predestined natures within their veins .", "Accordingly , Socrates defines justice as `` working at that which he is naturally best suited '' , and `` to do one 's own business and not to be a busybody '' ( 433a -- 433b ) and goes on to say that justice sustains and perfects the other three cardinal virtues : Temperance , Wisdom , and Courage , and that justice is the cause and condition of their existence .", "Socrates does not include justice as a virtue within the city , suggesting that justice does not exist within the human soul either , rather it is the result of a `` well ordered '' soul .", "A result of this conception of justice separates people into three types ; that of the soldier , that of the producer , and that of a ruler .", "If a ruler can create just laws , and if the warriors can carry out the orders of the rulers , and if the producers can obey this authority , then a society will be just ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "For over two and a half millennia , scholars have differed on the aptness of the city - soul analogy Socrates uses to find justice in Books II through V .Socrates ' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated , only versions of justice within each city are `` found '' and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created .Accordingly , Socrates defines justice as `` working at that which he is naturally best suited '' , and `` to do one 's own business and not to be a busybody '' ( 433a -- 433b ) and goes on to say that justice sustains and perfects the other three cardinal virtues : Temperance , Wisdom , and Courage , and that justice is the cause and condition of their existence . Socrates does not include justice as a virtue within the city , suggesting that justice does not exist within the human soul either , rather it is the result of a `` well ordered '' soul .", "selected_sentences": [ "For over two and a half millennia , scholars have differed on the aptness of the city - soul analogy Socrates uses to find justice in Books II through V .", "Socrates ' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated , only versions of justice within each city are `` found '' and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created .", "Accordingly , Socrates defines justice as `` working at that which he is naturally best suited '' , and `` to do one 's own business and not to be a busybody '' ( 433a -- 433b ) and goes on to say that justice sustains and perfects the other three cardinal virtues : Temperance , Wisdom , and Courage , and that justice is the cause and condition of their existence .", "Socrates does not include justice as a virtue within the city , suggesting that justice does not exist within the human soul either , rather it is the result of a `` well ordered '' soul ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Pinky ring", "text": "At times , pinky rings have been worn with the intent to convey a message or indicate affiliation . Ben Bowen wore one for a day to show jackpots he was a boss player . During the Victorian era , both single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand . Especially in the United States , pinky rings also developed an association with criminal activity . Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia . Movies such as Little Caesar and The Godfather contributed to the association of this style of jewellery with organized crime . ", "sentences": [ "At times , pinky rings have been worn with the intent to convey a message or indicate affiliation .", "Ben Bowen wore one for a day to show jackpots he was a boss player .", "During the Victorian era , both single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand .", "Especially in the United States , pinky rings also developed an association with criminal activity .", "Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia .", "Movies such as Little Caesar and The Godfather contributed to the association of this style of jewellery with organized crime ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "During the Victorian era, single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand.\r\nGrifters were thought to wear such rings, sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death, as were made men in the American Mafia.", "selected_sentences": [ "During the Victorian era , both single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand .", "Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "As an indication they were not interested in pursuing marriage, some single men and women wore a ring on the little finger of their left hand during the Victorian era. In the United States , pinky rings also developed an association with criminal activity. Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia .", "selected_sentences": [ "During the Victorian era , both single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand .", "Especially in the United States , pinky rings also developed an association with criminal activity .", "Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Dan in Real Life", "text": "The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , and Providence in November and December 2006 . The opening scene was filmed at Seven Stars Bakery in Providence . However , the facade of the building and the interior are altered . The first time Dan is pulled over by the Jamestown , Rhode Island police , he is on Ocean Ave Newport , Rhode Island . The second time Dan is pulled over by Mackerel Cove in Jamestown . In scenes filmed in Jamestown , two bridges are clearly visible : the Jamestown Bridge and its replacement , the Jamestown - Verrazzano Bridge . Demolition of the Jamestown Bridge was initiated on April 18 , 2006 . The film also cast local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence as Dan 's nieces and nephews . The date scene was filmed in two different places in Westerly . The inside shots were filmed at Alley Katz Bowling center , while the exterior shots were filmed at Misquamicut Beach . What is now the Windjammer was dressed to look like the outside of the bowling center . The sunset scene with the entire family on the beach was filmed at Napatree Point in Westerly . ", "sentences": [ "The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , and Providence in November and December 2006 .", "The opening scene was filmed at Seven Stars Bakery in Providence .", "However , the facade of the building and the interior are altered .", "The first time Dan is pulled over by the Jamestown , Rhode Island police , he is on Ocean Ave Newport , Rhode Island .", "The second time Dan is pulled over by Mackerel Cove in Jamestown .", "In scenes filmed in Jamestown , two bridges are clearly visible : the Jamestown Bridge and its replacement , the Jamestown - Verrazzano Bridge .", "Demolition of the Jamestown Bridge was initiated on April 18 , 2006 .", "The film also cast local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence as Dan 's nieces and nephews .", "The date scene was filmed in two different places in Westerly .", "The inside shots were filmed at Alley Katz Bowling center , while the exterior shots were filmed at Misquamicut Beach .", "What is now the Windjammer was dressed to look like the outside of the bowling center .", "The sunset scene with the entire family on the beach was filmed at Napatree Point in Westerly ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, Jamestown, Westerly, and Providence, as well as Middletown, North Kingstown and North Providence.\r\nBeach scenes were filmed at Misquamicut Beach and Napatree Point.", "selected_sentences": [ "The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , and Providence in November and December 2006 .", "The film also cast local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence as Dan 's nieces and nephews .", "The inside shots were filmed at Alley Katz Bowling center , while the exterior shots were filmed at Misquamicut Beach .", "The sunset scene with the entire family on the beach was filmed at Napatree Point in Westerly ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Dan in Real Life was filmed in New Jersey, Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , Providence, Seven Stars Bakery in Providence, Jamestown, local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence, Alley Katz Bowling center, Misquamicut Beach, and Napatree Point in Westerly .", "selected_sentences": [ "The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , and Providence in November and December 2006 .", "The opening scene was filmed at Seven Stars Bakery in Providence .", "In scenes filmed in Jamestown , two bridges are clearly visible : the Jamestown Bridge and its replacement , the Jamestown - Verrazzano Bridge .", "The film also cast local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence as Dan 's nieces and nephews .", "The inside shots were filmed at Alley Katz Bowling center , while the exterior shots were filmed at Misquamicut Beach .", "The sunset scene with the entire family on the beach was filmed at Napatree Point in Westerly ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)", "text": "Filming began on May 21 , 1967 , and ended on August 10 , 1967 . Most of the early scenes of a desert - like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon , the Colorado River , Lake Powell , Glen Canyon and other locations near Page , Arizona Most scenes of the ape village , interiors and exteriors , were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park , northwest of Los Angeles , essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox . The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore . Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible , so cast , crew , film equipment , and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter . The home movies of Roddy McDowall ( on YouTube ) show makeup , the Ape Village set and the beach site / set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set . The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach , between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu . As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes , the special effect shot of the half - buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs . The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a 70 - foot scaffold , angled over a 1 / 2 - scale papier - mache model of the Statue . The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that , when not shooting , they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying . ", "sentences": [ "Filming began on May 21 , 1967 , and ended on August 10 , 1967 .", "Most of the early scenes of a desert - like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon , the Colorado River , Lake Powell , Glen Canyon and other locations near Page , Arizona Most scenes of the ape village , interiors and exteriors , were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park , northwest of Los Angeles , essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox .", "The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore .", "Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible , so cast , crew , film equipment , and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter .", "The home movies of Roddy McDowall ( on YouTube ) show makeup , the Ape Village set and the beach site / set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set .", "The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach , between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu .", "As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes , the special effect shot of the half - buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs .", "The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a 70 - foot scaffold , angled over a 1 / 2 - scale papier - mache model of the Statue .", "The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that , when not shooting , they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona. Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard. The Ape Village set and the beach site/set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu.", "selected_sentences": [ "Most of the early scenes of a desert - like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon , the Colorado River , Lake Powell , Glen Canyon and other locations near Page , Arizona Most scenes of the ape village , interiors and exteriors , were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park , northwest of Los Angeles , essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox .", "The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore .", "The home movies of Roddy McDowall ( on YouTube ) show makeup , the Ape Village set and the beach site / set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set .", "The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach , between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Reconstructive memory", "text": "Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences . Rather , it is dependent on the constructive processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions . Essentially , the constructive memory process functions by encoding the patterns of physical characteristics that are perceived by the individual , as well as the interpretive conceptual and semantic functions that act in response to the incoming information . By utilizing multiple interdependent cognitive processes there is never a single location in the brain where a given complete memory trace of an experience is stored . In this manner , the various features of the experience must be joined together to form a coherent representation of the episode and if this binding process fails it can result in source memory failure , where later attempted retrieval of the episode results in fragmented recollection and an inability to consolidate the information into a cohesive narrative of a past experience . During the recall of Episodic memory , the information that a person remembers is usually limited in scope , ultimately giving an incomplete recollection of an event . By employing reconstructive processes , individuals supplement other aspects of available personal knowledge into the gaps found in episodic memory in order to provide a fuller and more coherent version , albeit one that is often distorted . ", "sentences": [ "Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences .", "Rather , it is dependent on the constructive processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions .", "Essentially , the constructive memory process functions by encoding the patterns of physical characteristics that are perceived by the individual , as well as the interpretive conceptual and semantic functions that act in response to the incoming information .", "By utilizing multiple interdependent cognitive processes there is never a single location in the brain where a given complete memory trace of an experience is stored .", "In this manner , the various features of the experience must be joined together to form a coherent representation of the episode and if this binding process fails it can result in source memory failure , where later attempted retrieval of the episode results in fragmented recollection and an inability to consolidate the information into a cohesive narrative of a past experience .", "During the recall of Episodic memory , the information that a person remembers is usually limited in scope , ultimately giving an incomplete recollection of an event .", "By employing reconstructive processes , individuals supplement other aspects of available personal knowledge into the gaps found in episodic memory in order to provide a fuller and more coherent version , albeit one that is often distorted ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences, it is dependent on the constructive processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions. By employing reconstructive processes, individuals supplement other aspects of available personal knowledge into the gaps found in episodic memory in order to provide a fuller and more coherent version, albeit one that is often distorted.", "selected_sentences": [ "Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences .", "Rather , it is dependent on the constructive processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions .", "By employing reconstructive processes , individuals supplement other aspects of available personal knowledge into the gaps found in episodic memory in order to provide a fuller and more coherent version , albeit one that is often distorted ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Caste system in India", "text": "The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the British colonial regime in India . The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings , priests and ascetics , affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal , and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities . The British Raj furthered this development , making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration . Between 1860 and 1920 , the British segregated Indians by caste , granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes . Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy . From then on , the colonial administration began a policy of positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes . ", "sentences": [ "The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the British colonial regime in India .", "The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings , priests and ascetics , affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal , and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities .", "The British Raj furthered this development , making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration .", "Between 1860 and 1920 , the British segregated Indians by caste , granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes .", "Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy .", "From then on , the colonial administration began a policy of positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.\r\nBetween 1860 and 1920, the British segregated Indians by caste, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes.", "selected_sentences": [ "The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings , priests and ascetics , affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal , and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities .", "Between 1860 and 1920 , the British segregated Indians by caste , granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Friends", "text": "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . ' preference for individual deals . The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time . The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations . At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby . ", "sentences": [ "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .", "The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .", "Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . '", "preference for individual deals .", "The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced .", "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .", "The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations .", "At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations .", "selected_sentences": [ "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .", "The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .", "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .", "The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member, meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced.", "selected_sentences": [ "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .", "The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .", "The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced .", "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .", "The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Dismissal (cricket)", "text": "In the sport of cricket , a dismissal occurs when the batsman is out ( also known as the fielding side taking a wicket and / or the batting side losing a wicket ) . At this point , a batsman must discontinue batting and leave the field permanently for the innings . A bowling team dismisses ( or bowls out ) the entire batting team by dismissing 10 of the 11 players ( assuming player ( s ) from the batting team have not retired hurt or are absent ) . As the players bat in pairs , when only one person is undismissed , it is not possible for them to bat any longer . ", "sentences": [ "In the sport of cricket , a dismissal occurs when the batsman is out ( also known as the fielding side taking a wicket and / or the batting side losing a wicket ) .", "At this point , a batsman must discontinue batting and leave the field permanently for the innings .", "A bowling team dismisses ( or bowls out )", "the entire batting team by dismissing 10 of the 11 players ( assuming player ( s ) from the batting team have not retired hurt or are absent ) .", "As the players bat in pairs , when only one person is undismissed , it is not possible for them to bat any longer ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In the sport of cricket , a dismissal occurs when the batsman is out ( also known as the fielding side taking a wicket and / or the batting side losing a wicket ) . A bowling team dismisses ( or bowls out ) the entire batting team by dismissing 10 of the 11 players ( assuming player ( s ) from the batting team have not retired hurt or are absent ) .", "selected_sentences": [ "In the sport of cricket , a dismissal occurs when the batsman is out ( also known as the fielding side taking a wicket and / or the batting side losing a wicket ) .", "A bowling team dismisses ( or bowls out )", "the entire batting team by dismissing 10 of the 11 players ( assuming player ( s ) from the batting team have not retired hurt or are absent ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Tortilla Curtain", "text": "In the midst of the escalating disasters , América gives birth to Socorro , a daughter , who she suspects might be blind . But the couple has no money to see the doctor . Delaney stalks Cándido back to their shack . He carries a gun , but does not intend to kill Cándido with it . Meanwhile , América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped , as she suspects that the baby 's blindness was caused by a venereal disease transmitted by the rapist . Just as she is telling him this , Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido about the forest fire , when the shack is knocked over in a landslide . Cándido and América manage to save themselves , but Socorro drowns in a river . The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river . Time and again in the novel , however , it is hinted at that the real perpetrators can be found inside rather than outside the projected wall : well - to - do people insensitive to the plight of the have - nots . ", "sentences": [ "In the midst of the escalating disasters , América gives birth to Socorro , a daughter , who she suspects might be blind .", "But the couple has no money to see the doctor .", "Delaney stalks Cándido back to their shack .", "He carries a gun , but does not intend to kill Cándido with it .", "Meanwhile , América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped , as she suspects that the baby 's blindness was caused by a venereal disease transmitted by the rapist .", "Just as she is telling him this , Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido about the forest fire , when the shack is knocked over in a landslide .", "Cándido and América manage to save themselves , but Socorro drowns in a river .", "The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river .", "Time and again in the novel , however , it is hinted at that the real perpetrators can be found inside rather than outside the projected wall :", "well - to - do people insensitive to the plight of the have - nots ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "América gives birth to Socorro. América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped. Just as she is telling him this, Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido, when the shack is knocked over in a landslide. Cándido and América manage to save themselves, but Socorro drowns in a river. The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the midst of the escalating disasters , América gives birth to Socorro , a daughter , who she suspects might be blind .", "Meanwhile , América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped , as she suspects that the baby 's blindness was caused by a venereal disease transmitted by the rapist .", "Just as she is telling him this , Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido about the forest fire , when the shack is knocked over in a landslide .", "Cándido and América manage to save themselves , but Socorro drowns in a river .", "The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Tortilla Curtain ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river .", "selected_sentences": [ "The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jennifer Jareau", "text": "In `` The Crossing '' , JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child . He later asked her to marry him , and indicated that he was willing to give up his detective 's shield in order to help take care of the baby and allow JJ to continue to do her job , though he was worried about her safety and the safety of their child . JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave , and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry . Will transfers to the MPDC , and the family live together in Washington . In later seasons , toddler Henry is portrayed by actress A.J. Cook 's real - life son Mekhai Andersen . JJ and Will named Reid and Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia as Henry 's godparents . When JJ returned from maternity leave , she and Will had exchanged rings with Henry 's birthstone , but did not seem to be officially engaged , as she wore her ring on her right hand , not the left . In the season seven finale , JJ tearfully asked Will to propose to her again , and they married the following evening in a small ceremony in David Rossi 's backyard . ", "sentences": [ "In `` The Crossing '' , JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child .", "He later asked her to marry him , and indicated that he was willing to give up his detective 's shield in order to help take care of the baby and allow JJ to continue to do her job , though he was worried about her safety and the safety of their child .", "JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave , and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry .", "Will transfers to the MPDC , and the family live together in Washington .", "In later seasons , toddler Henry is portrayed by actress A.J. Cook 's real - life son Mekhai Andersen .", "JJ and Will named Reid and Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia as Henry 's godparents .", "When JJ returned from maternity leave , she and Will had exchanged rings with Henry 's birthstone , but did not seem to be officially engaged , as she wore her ring on her right hand , not the left .", "In the season seven finale , JJ tearfully asked Will to propose to her again , and they married the following evening in a small ceremony in David Rossi 's backyard ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In `` The Crossing '' , JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave , and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry .", "selected_sentences": [ "In `` The Crossing '' , JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child .", "JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave , and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Great Lakes", "text": "Though the five lakes reside in separate basins , they form a single , naturally interconnected body of fresh water , within the Great Lakes Basin . The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean . From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River , water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan , southward to Erie , and finally northward to Lake Ontario . The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers , and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands . There are also several thousand smaller lakes , often called `` inland lakes , '' within the basin . The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom , while the surface area of the entire basin ( the lakes and the land they drain ) is about the size of the UK and France combined . Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States ; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada . The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes : Ontario does not border Lake Michigan , and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario . New York and Wisconsin 's jurisdictions extend into two lakes , and the remaining states into one of the lakes . ", "sentences": [ "Though the five lakes reside in separate basins , they form a single , naturally interconnected body of fresh water , within the Great Lakes Basin .", "The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean .", "From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River , water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan , southward to Erie , and finally northward to Lake Ontario .", "The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers , and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands .", "There are also several thousand smaller lakes , often called `` inland lakes , '' within the basin .", "The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom , while the surface area of the entire basin ( the lakes and the land they drain ) is about the size of the UK and France combined .", "Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States ; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada .", "The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York .", "Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes :", "Ontario does not border Lake Michigan , and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario .", "New York and Wisconsin 's jurisdictions extend into two lakes , and the remaining states into one of the lakes ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Great Lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean . From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River , water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan , southward to Erie , and finally northward to Lake Ontario . The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers , and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands . There are also several thousand smaller lakes , often called `` inland lakes , '' within the basin .Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States ; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada . The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York . Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes :New York and Wisconsin 's jurisdictions extend into two lakes , and the remaining states into one of the lakes .", "selected_sentences": [ "The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean .", "From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River , water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan , southward to Erie , and finally northward to Lake Ontario .", "The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers , and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands .", "There are also several thousand smaller lakes , often called `` inland lakes , '' within the basin .", "Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States ; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada .", "The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York .", "Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes :", "New York and Wisconsin 's jurisdictions extend into two lakes , and the remaining states into one of the lakes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Great Lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes: New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and the remaining states into one of the lakes.", "selected_sentences": [ "The lakes form a chain connecting the east - central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean .", "From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River , water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan , southward to Erie , and finally northward to Lake Ontario .", "Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is located entirely within the United States ; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada .", "The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylvania , and New York .", "Both Ontario and Michigan include in their boundaries portions of four of the lakes :", "New York and Wisconsin 's jurisdictions extend into two lakes , and the remaining states into one of the lakes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jamestown, Virginia", "text": "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas . It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg . William Kelso writes that Jamestown `` is where the British Empire began '' . It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 . It followed several failed attempts , including the Lost Colony of Roanoke , established in 1585 on Roanoke Island . Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 . ", "sentences": [ "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas .", "It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg .", "William Kelso writes that Jamestown `` is where the British Empire began '' .", "It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 .", "It followed several failed attempts , including the Lost Colony of Roanoke , established in 1585 on Roanoke Island .", "Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg . It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 . Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas .", "It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg .", "It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 .", "Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about 2.5 mi southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as ``James Fort'' on May 4, 1607 O.S.; and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas .", "It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg .", "It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of democracy", "text": "The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India . It was the birthplace of 24th and last Tirthankara in Jainism , named Mahavira . Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War . ", "sentences": [ "The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India .", "It was the birthplace of 24th and last Tirthankara in Jainism , named Mahavira .", "Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization .", "The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be .", "Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India. Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans .", "selected_sentences": [ "The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India .", "Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom where a king was chosen by people's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji, Vaishali in ancient India. Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans.", "selected_sentences": [ "The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India .", "Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Red River War", "text": "The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche , Kiowa , Southern Cheyenne , and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory . Lasting only a few months , the war had several army columns crisscross the Texas Panhandle in an effort to locate , harass , and capture highly mobile Indian bands . Most of the engagements were small skirmishes in which neither side suffered many casualties . The war wound down over the last few months of 1874 , as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field . Though the last significantly sized group did not surrender until mid-1875 , the war marked the end of free - roaming Indian populations on the southern Great Plains . ", "sentences": [ "The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche , Kiowa , Southern Cheyenne , and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory .", "Lasting only a few months , the war had several army columns crisscross the Texas Panhandle in an effort to locate , harass , and capture highly mobile Indian bands .", "Most of the engagements were small skirmishes in which neither side suffered many casualties .", "The war wound down over the last few months of 1874 , as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field .", "Though the last significantly sized group did not surrender until mid-1875 , the war marked the end of free - roaming Indian populations on the southern Great Plains ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory. The war wound down over the last few months of 1874, as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche , Kiowa , Southern Cheyenne , and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory .", "The war wound down over the last few months of 1874 , as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Good Old Days (UK TV series)", "text": "The audience dressed in period costume and joined in the singing , especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show . The show was compered by Leonard Sachs , who introduced the acts from a desk situated at the side of the stage . In the course of its run it featured about 2,000 performers . Each show was up to an hour long . All acts were in the style of late Victorian / Edwardian stage acts . ", "sentences": [ "The audience dressed in period costume and joined in the singing , especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show .", "The show was compered by Leonard Sachs , who introduced the acts from a desk situated at the side of the stage .", "In the course of its run it featured about 2,000 performers .", "Each show was up to an hour long .", "All acts were in the style of late Victorian / Edwardian stage acts ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The audience was dressed in period costume and joined in the singing, especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show.\r\nAll acts were in the style of late Victorian / Edwardian stage acts.", "selected_sentences": [ "The audience dressed in period costume and joined in the singing , especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show .", "All acts were in the style of late Victorian / Edwardian stage acts ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The song Down at the Old Bull and Bush closed the show Good Old Days.", "selected_sentences": [ "The audience dressed in period costume and joined in the singing , especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "William Tyndale", "text": "Eventually , Tyndale was betrayed by Henry Phillips to the imperial authorities , seized in Antwerp in 1535 , and held in the castle of Vilvoorde ( Filford ) near Brussels . He was tried on a charge of heresy in 1536 and was condemned to be burned to death , despite Thomas Cromwell 's intercession on his behalf . Tyndale `` was strangled to death while tied at the stake , and then his dead body was burned '' . His final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord ! Open the King of England 's eyes . '' The traditional date of commemoration is 6 October , but records of Tyndale 's imprisonment suggest that the actual date of his execution might have been some weeks earlier . Foxe gives 6 October as the date of commemoration ( left - hand date column ) , but gives no date of death ( right - hand date column ) . Biographer David Daniell states the date of death only as `` one of the first days of October 1536 '' . ", "sentences": [ "Eventually , Tyndale was betrayed by Henry Phillips to the imperial authorities , seized in Antwerp in 1535 , and held in the castle of Vilvoorde ( Filford ) near Brussels .", "He was tried on a charge of heresy in 1536 and was condemned to be burned to death , despite Thomas Cromwell 's intercession on his behalf .", "Tyndale `` was strangled to death while tied at the stake , and then his dead body was burned '' .", "His final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord !", "Open the King of England 's eyes . ''", "The traditional date of commemoration is 6 October , but records of Tyndale 's imprisonment suggest that the actual date of his execution might have been some weeks earlier .", "Foxe gives 6 October as the date of commemoration ( left - hand date column ) , but gives no date of death ( right - hand date column ) .", "Biographer David Daniell states the date of death only as `` one of the first days of October 1536 '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "William Tyndale was tried on a charge of heresy in 1536 and was condemned to be burned to death. His final words, spoken ``at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice'', were reported as ``Lord ! Open the King of England's eyes''.", "selected_sentences": [ "He was tried on a charge of heresy in 1536 and was condemned to be burned to death , despite Thomas Cromwell 's intercession on his behalf .", "His final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord !", "Open the King of England 's eyes . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "William Tyndale's final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord ! Open the King of England 's eyes . ''", "selected_sentences": [ "His final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord !", "Open the King of England 's eyes . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Stefan Salvatore", "text": "Stefan and Elena begin a relationship and he revealed to her that he is a vampire . However , Damon returns to Mystic Falls , too , and also falls in love with Elena . Further on in the series , Damon and Stefan start to bond as brothers again and it becomes apparent that they do love each other . Because of his addiction to human blood , Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series , which made him weaker than other vampires . In season two , Stefan starts to take small amounts of Elena 's blood each day to mitigate its effect on him and to increase his strength . When Katherine returns it is discovered that she had always loved Stefan and not Damon ; however , Stefan is in love with Elena and not interested in Katherine . Stefan starts to build a friendship with Caroline Forbes after she is turned into a vampire . After Klaus gives Stefan his blood to save Damon from a werewolf bite , he turns Stefan into a Ripper again . ", "sentences": [ "Stefan and Elena begin a relationship and he revealed to her that he is a vampire .", "However , Damon returns to Mystic Falls , too , and also falls in love with Elena .", "Further on in the series , Damon and Stefan start to bond as brothers again and it becomes apparent that they do love each other .", "Because of his addiction to human blood , Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series , which made him weaker than other vampires .", "In season two , Stefan starts to take small amounts of Elena 's blood each day to mitigate its effect on him and to increase his strength .", "When Katherine returns it is discovered that she had always loved Stefan and not Damon ; however , Stefan is in love with Elena and not interested in Katherine .", "Stefan starts to build a friendship with Caroline Forbes after she is turned into a vampire .", "After Klaus gives Stefan his blood to save Damon from a werewolf bite , he turns Stefan into a Ripper again ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Stefan and Elena begin a relationship and he revealed to her that he is a vampire. Because of his addiction to human blood, Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series.", "selected_sentences": [ "Stefan and Elena begin a relationship and he revealed to her that he is a vampire .", "Because of his addiction to human blood , Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series , which made him weaker than other vampires ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)", "text": "The next morning , Holly is released on bail and finds Paul waiting , and they take a cab . He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest . Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain . Paul confronts Holly about his love and her behavior , then gets out of the cab in the pouring rain and leaves , tossing the engraved Cracker Jack ring into her lap and telling her to examine her life . She goes through a decision making moment , puts on the ring , and runs after Paul , who has gone looking for the cat . She searches the alley and finally finds the cat . Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss . ", "sentences": [ "The next morning , Holly is released on bail and finds Paul waiting , and they take a cab .", "He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest .", "Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain .", "Paul confronts Holly about his love and her behavior , then gets out of the cab in the pouring rain and leaves , tossing the engraved Cracker Jack ring into her lap and telling her to examine her life .", "She goes through a decision making moment , puts on the ring , and runs after Paul , who has gone looking for the cat .", "She searches the alley and finally finds the cat .", "Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest . Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain . Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss .", "selected_sentences": [ "He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest .", "Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain .", "Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest. Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway, asks the cab to pull over and releases the cat into the rain. She runs after Paul, who has gone looking for the cat. She finds the cat. Paul and Holly stand in the rain, and with the cat tucked into Holly's coat, look into each other's eyes and share a kiss.", "selected_sentences": [ "He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest .", "Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain .", "She goes through a decision making moment , puts on the ring , and runs after Paul , who has gone looking for the cat .", "She searches the alley and finally finds the cat .", "Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cell cycle", "text": "The cell cycle or cell - division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) to produce two daughter cells . In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods . The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication . DNA replication occurs during the C period . The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells . In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis . During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA . During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate . During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells . To ensure the proper division of the cell , there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints . ", "sentences": [ "The cell cycle or cell - division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) to produce two daughter cells .", "In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods .", "The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication .", "DNA replication occurs during the C period .", "The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells .", "In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis .", "During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA .", "During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate .", "During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells .", "To ensure the proper division of the cell , there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C and D periods. DNA replication occurs during the C period. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA.", "selected_sentences": [ "In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods .", "DNA replication occurs during the C period .", "In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis .", "During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song)", "text": "Lyrically , the song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett . However , on the documentary The Story of Wish You Were Here , Gilmour and Waters separately describe the original concept that differs from this interpretation . Waters , who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour 's initial riff idea and subsequent joint composition , describes the lyrics as being directed at himself , as his lyrics often are . Being present in one 's own life and freeing one 's self in order to truly experience life is a main topic in this song . Gilmour , on the other hand , recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett . Waters later adds that the song is nevertheless open to interpretation . ", "sentences": [ "Lyrically , the song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett .", "However , on the documentary The Story of Wish You Were Here , Gilmour and Waters separately describe the original concept that differs from this interpretation .", "Waters , who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour 's initial riff idea and subsequent joint composition , describes the lyrics as being directed at himself , as his lyrics often are .", "Being present in one 's own life and freeing one 's self in order to truly experience life is a main topic in this song .", "Gilmour , on the other hand , recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett .", "Waters later adds that the song is nevertheless open to interpretation ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Waters, who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour's initial riff idea and subsequent joint composition, describes the lyrics as being directed at himself, as his lyrics often are. The song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett and Gilmour recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett.", "selected_sentences": [ "Lyrically , the song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett .", "Waters , who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour 's initial riff idea and subsequent joint composition , describes the lyrics as being directed at himself , as his lyrics often are .", "Gilmour , on the other hand , recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Orchestra", "text": "A full - size orchestra may sometimes be called a symphony orchestra or philharmonic orchestra . The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue . The term chamber orchestra ( and sometimes concert orchestra ) usually refers to smaller - sized ensembles of about fifty musicians or fewer . Orchestras that specialize in the Baroque music of , for example , Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel , or Classical repertoire , such as that of Haydn and Mozart , tend to be smaller than orchestras performing a Romantic music repertoire , such as the symphonies of Johannes Brahms . The typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries , reaching a peak with the large orchestras ( of as many as 120 players ) called for in the works of Richard Wagner , and later , Gustav Mahler . In recent decades some orchestras have returned to the Baroque , Classical and Early Romantic seating of musicians ; second violins to the right , cellos and violas to the center which gives the music a stereophonic effect . ", "sentences": [ "A full - size orchestra may sometimes be called a symphony orchestra or philharmonic orchestra .", "The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue .", "The term chamber orchestra ( and sometimes concert orchestra ) usually refers to smaller - sized ensembles of about fifty musicians or fewer .", "Orchestras that specialize in the Baroque music of , for example , Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel , or Classical repertoire , such as that of Haydn and Mozart , tend to be smaller than orchestras performing a Romantic music repertoire , such as the symphonies of Johannes Brahms .", "The typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries , reaching a peak with the large orchestras ( of as many as 120 players ) called for in the works of Richard Wagner , and later , Gustav Mahler .", "In recent decades some orchestras have returned to the Baroque , Classical and Early Romantic seating of musicians ; second violins to the right , cellos and violas to the center which gives the music a stereophonic effect ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, reaching a peak with large orchestras of as many as 120 players. Now the actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians, depending on the work being played and the size of the venue.", "selected_sentences": [ "The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue .", "The typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries , reaching a peak with the large orchestras ( of as many as 120 players ) called for in the works of Richard Wagner , and later , Gustav Mahler ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue. Orchestras that specialize in the Baroque music tend to be smaller than orchestras performing a Romantic music repertoire.", "selected_sentences": [ "The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue .", "Orchestras that specialize in the Baroque music of , for example , Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel , or Classical repertoire , such as that of Haydn and Mozart , tend to be smaller than orchestras performing a Romantic music repertoire , such as the symphonies of Johannes Brahms ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "That '70s Show (season 8)", "text": "The eighth and final season of the American comedy television series That ' 70s Show premiered November 2 , 2005 on Fox in the United States . The season ended on May 18 , 2006 with an hour - long series finale . The eighth season was the only season without the show 's star Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman , the central character , since he left the series at the end of the previous season . Eric was often mentioned throughout the season , even being an important off - stage character central to an episode 's plot upon occasion . Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode , although his role was brief and uncredited . ", "sentences": [ "The eighth and final season of the American comedy television series That ' 70s Show premiered November 2 , 2005 on Fox in the United States .", "The season ended on May 18 , 2006 with an hour - long series finale .", "The eighth season was the only season without the show 's star Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman , the central character , since he left the series at the end of the previous season .", "Eric was often mentioned throughout the season , even being an important off - stage character central to an episode 's plot upon occasion .", "Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode , although his role was brief and uncredited ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The eighth season was the only season without Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman, since he left the series at the end of the previous season. Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode, although his role was brief and uncredited.", "selected_sentences": [ "The eighth season was the only season without the show 's star Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman , the central character , since he left the series at the end of the previous season .", "Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode , although his role was brief and uncredited ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Australia 2022 FIFA World Cup bid", "text": "Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup . On 2 December 2010 FIFA announced that the event would be held in Qatar . Australia also lodged a bid for the 2018 World Cup , but withdrew the bid on 10 June 2010 . The 2018 and 2022 World Cups will be the 21st and 22nd editions of the FIFA World Cup . The bidding procedure to host both the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup began in January 2009 , and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest . The bid was presented by Frank Lowy , Ben Buckley , Quentin Bryce and Elle Macpherson . However , due to controversies of Qatar hosting , Australia 's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar 's 2022 hosting rights . Australia ", "sentences": [ "Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup .", "On 2 December 2010 FIFA announced that the event would be held in Qatar .", "Australia also lodged a bid for the 2018 World Cup , but withdrew the bid on 10 June 2010 .", "The 2018 and 2022 World Cups will be the 21st and 22nd editions of the FIFA World Cup .", "The bidding procedure to host both the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup began in January 2009 , and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest .", "The bid was presented by Frank Lowy , Ben Buckley , Quentin Bryce and Elle Macpherson .", "However , due to controversies of Qatar hosting , Australia 's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar 's 2022 hosting rights .", "Australia" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but due to controversies of Qatar hosting, Australia's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar's 2022 hosting rights.", "selected_sentences": [ "Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup .", "However , due to controversies of Qatar hosting , Australia 's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar 's 2022 hosting rights ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Impeachment in the United States", "text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed . Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes . The actual trial on such charges , and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction , is separate from the act of impeachment itself . Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States . Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate . The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed , as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment , but such a vote was widely expected to pass , and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon 's departure . To date , no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction . The impeached official continues in office until conviction . ", "sentences": [ "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed .", "Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes .", "The actual trial on such charges , and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction , is separate from the act of impeachment itself .", "Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States .", "Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate .", "The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed , as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment , but such a vote was widely expected to pass , and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon 's departure .", "To date , no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction .", "The impeached official continues in office until conviction ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes . Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate .", "selected_sentences": [ "Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes .", "Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Congress has impeached and convicted officials, mostly for alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases of convictions for prior crimes. The House of Representatives impeached Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, they are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached, but both were later acquitted by the Senate.", "selected_sentences": [ "Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes .", "Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tabla", "text": "The head of each drum has a central area of `` tuning paste '' called the syahi ( lit . `` ink '' ; a.k.a. shāī or gāb ) . This is constructed using multiple layers of a paste made from starch ( rice or wheat ) mixed with a black powder of various origins . The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum 's natural overtones , resulting in the clarity of pitch ( see inharmonicity ) and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument which has a bell - like sound . The skill required for the proper construction of this area is highly refined and is the main differentiating factor in the quality of a particular instrument . ", "sentences": [ "The head of each drum has a central area of `` tuning paste '' called the syahi ( lit .", "`` ink '' ; a.k.a. shāī or gāb ) .", "This is constructed using multiple layers of a paste made from starch ( rice or wheat ) mixed with a black powder of various origins .", "The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum 's natural overtones , resulting in the clarity of pitch ( see inharmonicity ) and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument which has a bell - like sound .", "The skill required for the proper construction of this area is highly refined and is the main differentiating factor in the quality of a particular instrument ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A Tabla drum has a central area of ``tuning paste'' called the syahi. The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum's natural overtones, resulting in the clarity of pitch and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument.", "selected_sentences": [ "The head of each drum has a central area of `` tuning paste '' called the syahi ( lit .", "The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum 's natural overtones , resulting in the clarity of pitch ( see inharmonicity ) and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument which has a bell - like sound ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Albuquerque, New Mexico", "text": "Albuquerque ( / ˈælbəˌkɜːrki / ( listen ) AL - bə - kur - kee ; Navajo : Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil / pèːʔèltíːl tɑ̀xsɪ̀nɪ̀l / ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico . The high - elevation city serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County , and it is situated in the north central part of the state , straddling the Rio Grande . The city population is 559,277 as of the July 1 , 2016 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau , and ranks as the 32nd - largest city in the U.S. The Albuquerque metropolitan statistical area ( or MSA ) has a population of 909,906 according to the United States Census Bureau 's most recently available estimate for 2015 . Albuquerque is the 60th - largest United States metropolitan area . The Albuquerque MSA population includes the city of Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Corrales , Los Lunas , Belen , Bosque Farms , and forms part of the larger Albuquerque -- Santa Fe -- Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a total population of 1,171,991 as of the July 1 , 2016 , Census Bureau estimates . ", "sentences": [ "Albuquerque ( / ˈælbəˌkɜːrki / ( listen ) AL - bə - kur - kee ; Navajo : Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil / pèːʔèltíːl tɑ̀xsɪ̀nɪ̀l / ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico .", "The high - elevation city serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County , and it is situated in the north central part of the state , straddling the Rio Grande .", "The city population is 559,277 as of the July 1 , 2016 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau , and ranks as the 32nd - largest city in the U.S.", "The Albuquerque metropolitan statistical area ( or MSA ) has a population of 909,906 according to the United States Census Bureau 's most recently available estimate for 2015 .", "Albuquerque is the 60th - largest United States metropolitan area .", "The Albuquerque MSA population includes the city of Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Corrales , Los Lunas , Belen , Bosque Farms , and forms part of the larger Albuquerque -- Santa Fe -- Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a total population of 1,171,991 as of the July 1 , 2016 , Census Bureau estimates ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Albuquerque population is 559,277 as of the July 1 , 2016 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau. The Albuquerque metropolitan statistical area ( or MSA ) has a population of 909,906 according to the United States Census Bureau 's most recently available estimate for 2015 . The Albuquerque MSA population includes the city of Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Corrales , Los Lunas , Belen , Bosque Farms , and forms part of the larger Albuquerque -- Santa Fe -- Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a total population of 1,171,991 as of the July 1 , 2016 , Census Bureau estimates .", "selected_sentences": [ "The city population is 559,277 as of the July 1 , 2016 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau , and ranks as the 32nd - largest city in the U.S.", "The Albuquerque metropolitan statistical area ( or MSA ) has a population of 909,906 according to the United States Census Bureau 's most recently available estimate for 2015 .", "The Albuquerque MSA population includes the city of Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Corrales , Los Lunas , Belen , Bosque Farms , and forms part of the larger Albuquerque -- Santa Fe -- Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a total population of 1,171,991 as of the July 1 , 2016 , Census Bureau estimates ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Albuquerque population is 559,277 as of the July 1 , 2016 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau.", "selected_sentences": [ "The city population is 559,277 as of the July 1 , 2016 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau , and ranks as the 32nd - largest city in the U.S.", "The Albuquerque metropolitan statistical area ( or MSA ) has a population of 909,906 according to the United States Census Bureau 's most recently available estimate for 2015 .", "The Albuquerque MSA population includes the city of Rio Rancho , Bernalillo , Placitas , Corrales , Los Lunas , Belen , Bosque Farms , and forms part of the larger Albuquerque -- Santa Fe -- Las Vegas combined statistical area , with a total population of 1,171,991 as of the July 1 , 2016 , Census Bureau estimates ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]