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[ { "title": "Indian general election, 2014", "text": "The results were declared on 16 May 2014 , fifteen days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014 . The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centres . The National Democratic Alliance won a sweeping victory , taking 336 seats . The BJP itself won 31.0 % of all votes and 282 ( 51.9 % ) of all seats , while NDA 's combined vote share was 38.5 % . BJP and its allies won the right to form the largest majority government since the 1984 general election , and it was the first time since that election that a party has won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties . The United Progressive Alliance , led by the Indian National Congress , won 60 seats , 44 ( 8.1 % ) of which were won by the Congress , that won 19.3 % of all votes . It was the Congress party 's worst defeat in a general election . In order to become the official opposition party in India , a party must gain 10 % of the seats ( 54 seats ) in the Lok Sabha ; however , the Indian National Congress was unable to attain this number . Due to this fact , India remains without an official opposition party . ", "sentences": [ "The results were declared on 16 May 2014 , fifteen days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014 .", "The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centres .", "The National Democratic Alliance won a sweeping victory , taking 336 seats .", "The BJP itself won 31.0 % of all votes and 282 ( 51.9 % ) of all seats , while NDA 's combined vote share was 38.5 % .", "BJP and its allies won the right to form the largest majority government since the 1984 general election , and it was the first time since that election that a party has won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties .", "The United Progressive Alliance , led by the Indian National Congress , won 60 seats , 44 ( 8.1 % ) of which were won by the Congress , that won 19.3 % of all votes .", "It was the Congress party 's worst defeat in a general election .", "In order to become the official opposition party in India , a party must gain 10 % of the seats ( 54 seats ) in the Lok Sabha ; however , the Indian National Congress was unable to attain this number .", "Due to this fact , India remains without an official opposition party ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The National Democratic Alliance won a sweeping victory, taking 336 seats. The BJP itself won 31.0 % of all votes and 282 (51.9 %) of all seats, while NDA's combined vote share was 38.5 %. They won the right to form the largest majority government. The United Progressive Alliance, led by the Indian National Congress, won 60 seats, 44 (8.1 %) of which were won by the Congress. It was the Congress party's worst defeat in a general election and India remains without an official opposition party.", "selected_sentences": [ "The results were declared on 16 May 2014 , fifteen days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014 .", "The National Democratic Alliance won a sweeping victory , taking 336 seats .", "The BJP itself won 31.0 % of all votes and 282 ( 51.9 % ) of all seats , while NDA 's combined vote share was 38.5 % .", "BJP and its allies won the right to form the largest majority government since the 1984 general election , and it was the first time since that election that a party has won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties .", "The United Progressive Alliance , led by the Indian National Congress , won 60 seats , 44 ( 8.1 % ) of which were won by the Congress , that won 19.3 % of all votes .", "It was the Congress party 's worst defeat in a general election .", "Due to this fact , India remains without an official opposition party ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state", "text": "From 1976 to 1983 , several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 ( or , less commonly , 20 or 21 ) , in part to combat drunk driving fatalities . In 1984 , Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act , which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 % of their federal highway funds . By mid-1988 , all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 ( but not Puerto Rico , Guam , or the Virgin Islands , see Additional Notes below ) . South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate . The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans , because of it being higher than the age of majority ( 18 in most states ) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries . The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment . Although debates have not been highly publicized , a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age , while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010 . ", "sentences": [ "From 1976 to 1983 , several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 ( or , less commonly , 20 or 21 ) , in part to combat drunk driving fatalities .", "In 1984 , Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act , which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 % of their federal highway funds .", "By mid-1988 , all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 ( but not Puerto Rico , Guam , or the Virgin Islands , see Additional Notes below ) .", "South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate .", "The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans , because of it being higher than the age of majority ( 18 in most states ) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries .", "The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment .", "Although debates have not been highly publicized , a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age , while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 % of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands). Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1984 , Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act , which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 % of their federal highway funds .", "By mid-1988 , all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 ( but not Puerto Rico , Guam , or the Virgin Islands , see Additional Notes below ) .", "Although debates have not been highly publicized , a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age , while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima", "text": "Three Marines in the photograph , Sergeant Michael Strank , Corporal Harlon Block ( misidentified as Sergeant Hank Hansen until January 1947 ) , and Private First Class Franklin Sousley were killed in action over the next few days . The other three surviving flag - raisers in the photograph were Corporals ( then Private First Class ) Rene Gagnon , Ira Hayes , and Harold Schultz ( misidentified as PhM2c . John Bradley until June 2016 ) . Both men originally misidentified as flag raisers had helped raise a smaller flag about 90 minutes earlier , and were both still on the mountaintop and witnessed -- but were not part of -- the specific moment of raising the larger flag that was captured in the Pulitzer Prize - winning photo . ", "sentences": [ "Three Marines in the photograph , Sergeant Michael Strank , Corporal Harlon Block ( misidentified as Sergeant Hank Hansen until January 1947 ) , and Private First Class Franklin Sousley were killed in action over the next few days .", "The other three surviving flag - raisers in the photograph were Corporals ( then Private First Class )", "Rene Gagnon , Ira Hayes , and Harold Schultz ( misidentified as PhM2c .", "John Bradley until June 2016 ) .", "Both men originally misidentified as flag raisers had helped raise a smaller flag about 90 minutes earlier , and were both still on the mountaintop and witnessed -- but were not part of -- the specific moment of raising the larger flag that was captured in the Pulitzer Prize - winning photo ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Three Marines in the photograph, Sergeant Michael Strank, Corporal Harlon Block and Private First Class Franklin Sousley were killed in action over the next few days. The other three surviving flag raisers in the photograph were Corporals Rene Gagnon, Ira Hayes and Harold Schultz. Both men originally misidentified as flag raisers had helped raise a smaller flag about 90 minutes earlier and were both still on the mountaintop and witnessed -- but were not part of -- the specific moment of raising the larger flag that was captured in the Pulitzer Prize winning photo.", "selected_sentences": [ "Three Marines in the photograph , Sergeant Michael Strank , Corporal Harlon Block ( misidentified as Sergeant Hank Hansen until January 1947 ) , and Private First Class Franklin Sousley were killed in action over the next few days .", "The other three surviving flag - raisers in the photograph were Corporals ( then Private First Class )", "Rene Gagnon , Ira Hayes , and Harold Schultz ( misidentified as PhM2c .", "Both men originally misidentified as flag raisers had helped raise a smaller flag about 90 minutes earlier , and were both still on the mountaintop and witnessed -- but were not part of -- the specific moment of raising the larger flag that was captured in the Pulitzer Prize - winning photo ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Marines in the photograph Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima are Sergeant Michael Strank , Corporal Harlon Block, Private First Class Franklin Sousley, Corporals Rene Gagnon , Ira Hayes , and Harold Schultz.", "selected_sentences": [ "Three Marines in the photograph , Sergeant Michael Strank , Corporal Harlon Block ( misidentified as Sergeant Hank Hansen until January 1947 ) , and Private First Class Franklin Sousley were killed in action over the next few days .", "The other three surviving flag - raisers in the photograph were Corporals ( then Private First Class )", "Rene Gagnon , Ira Hayes , and Harold Schultz ( misidentified as PhM2c ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Castoreum", "text": "In the United States , the Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum extract as a generally recognized as safe ( GRAS ) food additive . In 1965 , the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association 's GRAS program ( FEMA 2261 and 2262 ) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid . Product ingredient lists often refer to it simply as a `` natural flavoring . '' While it is mainly used in foods and beverages as part of a substitute vanilla flavor , it is less commonly used as a part of a raspberry or strawberry flavoring . The annual industry consumption is very low , around 300 pounds , whereas vanillin is over 2.6 million pounds annually . ", "sentences": [ "In the United States , the Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum extract as a generally recognized as safe ( GRAS ) food additive .", "In 1965 , the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association 's GRAS program ( FEMA 2261 and 2262 ) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid .", "Product ingredient lists often refer to it simply as a `` natural flavoring . ''", "While it is mainly used in foods and beverages as part of a substitute vanilla flavor , it is less commonly used as a part of a raspberry or strawberry flavoring .", "The annual industry consumption is very low , around 300 pounds , whereas vanillin is over 2.6 million pounds annually ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In 1965, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association 's GRAS program added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid. While it is mainly used in foods and beverages as part of a substitute vanilla flavor, it is less commonly used as a part of a raspberry or strawberry flavoring.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1965 , the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association 's GRAS program ( FEMA 2261 and 2262 ) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid .", "While it is mainly used in foods and beverages as part of a substitute vanilla flavor , it is less commonly used as a part of a raspberry or strawberry flavoring ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Environmental impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill", "text": "Most of the impact was on the marine species . Eight U.S. national parks were threatened and more than 400 species that live in the Gulf islands and marshlands are at risk , including the endangered Kemp 's ridley turtle , the green turtle , the loggerhead turtle , the hawksbill turtle , and the leatherback turtle . In the national refuges most at risk , about 34,000 birds were counted , including gulls , pelicans , roseate spoonbills , egrets , terns , and blue herons . A comprehensive 2009 inventory of offshore Gulf species counted 15,700 . The area of the spill includes 8,332 species , including more than 1,200 fish , 200 birds , 1,400 molluscs , 1,500 crustaceans , 4 sea turtles , and 29 marine mammals . In a 2011 paper in the journal BioScience , researchers from the University of New Hampshire reported that the spill threatened 39 marine species in addition to the 14 currently under federal protection . Threatened species , the report found , ranged from ' whale sharks to seagrass `` . Also another impact to marine species was the impact to various food chains . With one break in the chain , the rest of the chain could be impacted greatly . ", "sentences": [ "Most of the impact was on the marine species .", "Eight U.S. national parks were threatened and more than 400 species that live in the Gulf islands and marshlands are at risk , including the endangered Kemp 's ridley turtle , the green turtle , the loggerhead turtle , the hawksbill turtle , and the leatherback turtle .", "In the national refuges most at risk , about 34,000 birds were counted , including gulls , pelicans , roseate spoonbills , egrets , terns , and blue herons .", "A comprehensive 2009 inventory of offshore Gulf species counted 15,700 .", "The area of the spill includes 8,332 species , including more than 1,200 fish , 200 birds , 1,400 molluscs , 1,500 crustaceans , 4 sea turtles , and 29 marine mammals .", "In a 2011 paper in the journal BioScience , researchers from the University of New Hampshire reported that the spill threatened 39 marine species in addition to the 14 currently under federal protection .", "Threatened species , the report found , ranged from ' whale sharks to seagrass `` .", "Also another impact to marine species was the impact to various food chains .", "With one break in the chain , the rest of the chain could be impacted greatly ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Most of the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was on the marine species. Eight U.S. national parks were threatened with more than 400 species. In the national refuges most at risk, about 34,000 birds were counted. A comprehensive 2009 inventory of offshore Gulf species counted 15,700. Also another impact to marine species was the impact to various food chains.", "selected_sentences": [ "Most of the impact was on the marine species .", "Eight U.S. national parks were threatened and more than 400 species that live in the Gulf islands and marshlands are at risk , including the endangered Kemp 's ridley turtle , the green turtle , the loggerhead turtle , the hawksbill turtle , and the leatherback turtle .", "In the national refuges most at risk , about 34,000 birds were counted , including gulls , pelicans , roseate spoonbills , egrets , terns , and blue herons .", "A comprehensive 2009 inventory of offshore Gulf species counted 15,700 .", "Also another impact to marine species was the impact to various food chains ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Deus Ex: Human Revolution", "text": "The Wii U version of Director 's Cut was priced higher than the other console versions : according to the staff , this was because of its added features . Console versions included a second screen option for some functions : the Wii U GamePad was used for the Wii U , PlayStation Vita for the PS3 version , Xbox SmartGlass for the Xbox 360 version . When originally developed for the Wii U , it was intended to make playing the game easier , along with evoking some of the early impressions from the initial CGI trailer from 2010 . The decision to port Director 's Cut to multiple platforms was based on fan feedback requesting a multiplatform release . The Director 's Cut included all the additional content alongside the main game , from the added equipment to the DLC episode The Missing Link , here incorporated into the main game . Also included was audio commentary from the developers activated using icons scattered through levels , and a documentary on the game 's creation . For owners of the original version , a cheap upgrade option was offered , with the price varying depending on how much of the additional content owners possessed . It released for Wii U , PC , PS3 and Xbox 360 on October 22 , 2013 . It released on OS X , April 16 , 2014 . Like the main game , its port was handled by Feral Interactive . ", "sentences": [ "The Wii U version of Director 's Cut was priced higher than the other console versions : according to the staff , this was because of its added features .", "Console versions included a second screen option for some functions : the Wii U GamePad was used for the Wii U , PlayStation Vita for the PS3 version , Xbox SmartGlass for the Xbox 360 version .", "When originally developed for the Wii U , it was intended to make playing the game easier , along with evoking some of the early impressions from the initial CGI trailer from 2010 .", "The decision to port Director 's Cut to multiple platforms was based on fan feedback requesting a multiplatform release .", "The Director 's Cut included all the additional content alongside the main game , from the added equipment to the DLC episode The Missing Link , here incorporated into the main game .", "Also included was audio commentary from the developers activated using icons scattered through levels , and a documentary on the game 's creation .", "For owners of the original version , a cheap upgrade option was offered , with the price varying depending on how much of the additional content owners possessed .", "It released for Wii U , PC , PS3 and Xbox 360 on October 22 , 2013 .", "It released on OS X , April 16 , 2014 .", "Like the main game , its port was handled by Feral Interactive ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Director's Cut of Deus Ex: Human Revolution was released for Wii U, PC, PS3 and Xbox 360 on October 22, 2013 and for OS X on April 16, 2014.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Director 's Cut included all the additional content alongside the main game , from the added equipment to the DLC episode The Missing Link , here incorporated into the main game .", "It released for Wii U , PC , PS3 and Xbox 360 on October 22 , 2013 .", "It released on OS X , April 16 , 2014 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a reliable source", "text": "Wikipedia is not a reliable source . Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time . This means that any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism . Biographies of living persons are especially vulnerable to this issue . Some edits on Wikipedia that are in error are sometimes fixed , however because Wikipedia can not monitor contributions made by millions of users , there are many errors that remain unnoticed for days , weeks , months , and even years . Therefore , Wikipedia should not be considered a source for ' fact - checking ' . ", "sentences": [ "Wikipedia is not a reliable source .", "Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time .", "This means that any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism .", "Biographies of living persons are especially vulnerable to this issue .", "Some edits on Wikipedia that are in error are sometimes fixed , however because Wikipedia can not monitor contributions made by millions of users , there are many errors that remain unnoticed for days , weeks , months , and even years .", "Therefore , Wikipedia should not be considered a source for ' fact - checking ' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time and, therefore, it should not be considered a source for ' fact - checking ' .", "selected_sentences": [ "Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time .", "Therefore , Wikipedia should not be considered a source for ' fact - checking ' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Wikipedia is not a reliable source because it can be edited by anyone at any time, which means that any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism. Some edits on Wikipedia that are in error are sometimes fixed , however many errors remain unnoticed for days , weeks , months , and even years .", "selected_sentences": [ "Wikipedia is not a reliable source .", "Wikipedia can be edited by anyone at any time .", "This means that any information it contains at any particular time could be vandalism .", "Some edits on Wikipedia that are in error are sometimes fixed , however because Wikipedia can not monitor contributions made by millions of users , there are many errors that remain unnoticed for days , weeks , months , and even years ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "I Want You Back", "text": "`` I Want You Back '' was released on October 7 , 1969 and was the first Jackson 5 single to be released by Motown and the first song written and produced by The Corporation , a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy , Freddie Perren , Alphonso Mizell , and Deke Richards . It also is the first of four Jackson 5 number - ones released in a row ( the others being `` ABC '' -- 1970 , `` The Love You Save '' -- 1970 , and `` I 'll Be There '' -- 1970 ) and the first Jackson 5 song recorded in Los Angeles , California ; the quintet had previously been recording Bobby Taylor - produced remakes of other artists ' hits , including `` Who 's Lovin ' You '' , the B - side to `` I Want You Back '' , at Hitsville U.S.A. in Detroit , Michigan . The `` I Want You Back '' bassline is considered by many as the greatest of all time and thus has sparked many debates about who played the bass during the recording . Famously The Funk Brothers were Motown 's backup musicians and after the company 's relocation to Los Angeles band members changed . Many tend to believe that it was James Jamerson who played the bass during recording but he was most active from 1962 - 1968 . During the later years of his career Jamerson had grown unreliable due to substance abuse . Most evidence suggest that a new member of the Funk Brothers , Wilton Felder , was the bassist . ", "sentences": [ "`` I Want You Back '' was released on October 7 , 1969 and was the first Jackson 5 single to be released by Motown and the first song written and produced by The Corporation , a team comprising Motown chief Berry Gordy , Freddie Perren , Alphonso Mizell , and Deke Richards .", "It also is the first of four Jackson 5 number - ones released in a row ( the others being `` ABC '' -- 1970 , `` The Love You Save '' -- 1970 , and `` I 'll Be There '' -- 1970 ) and the first Jackson 5 song recorded in Los Angeles , California ; the quintet had previously been recording Bobby Taylor - produced remakes of other artists ' hits , including `` Who 's Lovin ' You '' , the B - side to `` I Want You Back '' , at Hitsville U.S.A. in Detroit , Michigan .", "The `` I Want You Back '' bassline is considered by many as the greatest of all time and thus has sparked many debates about who played the bass during the recording .", "Famously The Funk Brothers were Motown 's backup musicians and after the company 's relocation to Los Angeles band members changed .", "Many tend to believe that it was James Jamerson who played the bass during recording but he was most active from 1962 - 1968 .", "During the later years of his career Jamerson had grown unreliable due to substance abuse .", "Most evidence suggest that a new member of the Funk Brothers , Wilton Felder , was the bassist ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Many tend to believe that it was James Jamerson who played the bass during recording but he was most active from 1962 - 1968 . Most evidence suggest that a new member of the Funk Brothers , Wilton Felder , was the bassist .", "selected_sentences": [ "Many tend to believe that it was James Jamerson who played the bass during recording but he was most active from 1962 - 1968 .", "Most evidence suggest that a new member of the Funk Brothers , Wilton Felder , was the bassist ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Flag of Guam", "text": "The flag of the United States territory of Guam was adopted on February 9 , 1948 . The territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all sides ( border was a later addition ) . Narrow red border represents the blood that it ravaged in World War 2 and Spanish sovereignty . In the center of the flag is the coat of arms ; an almond shaped emblem , which depicts a proa sailing in Agana Bay near Hagåtña , and GUAM colored in red letters . The shape of the emblem recalls the slingshot stones used by the islanders ' ancestors . The landform at the back depicts the Punta Dos Amantes cliff on Guam . Charles Alan Pownall approved the flag 's shape in 1948 . ", "sentences": [ "The flag of the United States territory of Guam was adopted on February 9 , 1948 .", "The territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all sides ( border was a later addition ) .", "Narrow red border represents the blood that it ravaged in World War 2 and Spanish sovereignty .", "In the center of the flag is the coat of arms ; an almond shaped emblem , which depicts a proa sailing in Agana Bay near Hagåtña , and GUAM colored in red letters .", "The shape of the emblem recalls the slingshot stones used by the islanders ' ancestors .", "The landform at the back depicts the Punta Dos Amantes cliff on Guam .", "Charles Alan Pownall approved the flag 's shape in 1948 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all sides, in the center of the flag is the coat of arms, an almond shaped emblem, and the landform at the back depicts the Punta Dos Amantes cliff on Guam.", "selected_sentences": [ "The territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all sides ( border was a later addition ) .", "In the center of the flag is the coat of arms ; an almond shaped emblem , which depicts a proa sailing in Agana Bay near Hagåtña , and GUAM colored in red letters .", "The landform at the back depicts the Punta Dos Amantes cliff on Guam ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Curling", "text": "Curling brushes may have fabric , hog hair , or horsehair heads . Modern curling brush handles are usually hollow tubes made of fibreglass or carbon fibre instead of a solid length of wooden dowel . These hollow tube handles are lighter and stronger than wooden handles , allowing faster sweeping and also enabling more downward force to be applied to the broom head with reduced shaft flex . New , `` directional fabric '' brooms , which players are worried will alter the fundamentals of the sport by reducing the level of skill required , have been accused of giving players an unfair advantage . The new brooms were temporarily banned by the World Curling Federation and Curling Canada for the 2015 -- 2016 season . The new brooms give sweepers unprecedented control over the direction the stone goes . ", "sentences": [ "Curling brushes may have fabric , hog hair , or horsehair heads .", "Modern curling brush handles are usually hollow tubes made of fibreglass or carbon fibre instead of a solid length of wooden dowel .", "These hollow tube handles are lighter and stronger than wooden handles , allowing faster sweeping and also enabling more downward force to be applied to the broom head with reduced shaft flex .", "New , `` directional fabric '' brooms , which players are worried will alter the fundamentals of the sport by reducing the level of skill required , have been accused of giving players an unfair advantage .", "The new brooms were temporarily banned by the World Curling Federation and Curling Canada for the 2015 -- 2016 season .", "The new brooms give sweepers unprecedented control over the direction the stone goes ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "New, ``directional fabric'' brooms have been accused of giving players an unfair advantage. The new brooms give sweepers unprecedented control over the direction the stone goes.", "selected_sentences": [ "New , `` directional fabric '' brooms , which players are worried will alter the fundamentals of the sport by reducing the level of skill required , have been accused of giving players an unfair advantage .", "The new brooms give sweepers unprecedented control over the direction the stone goes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Compact Cassette", "text": "In Western Europe and North America , the market for cassettes declined sharply after its peak in the late 1980s . This was particularly noticeable with pre-recorded cassettes , the sales of which were overtaken by those of CDs during the early 1990s . By 1993 , annual shipments of CD players had reached 5 million , up 21 % from the year before ; while cassette player shipments had dropped 7 % to approximately 3.4 million . The decline continued , and in 2001 cassettes accounted for only 4 % of all music sold . Since then , further decline occurred , with very few retailers stocking them because they are no longer issued by the major music labels . ", "sentences": [ "In Western Europe and North America , the market for cassettes declined sharply after its peak in the late 1980s .", "This was particularly noticeable with pre-recorded cassettes , the sales of which were overtaken by those of CDs during the early 1990s .", "By 1993 , annual shipments of CD players had reached 5 million , up 21 % from the year before ; while cassette player shipments had dropped 7 % to approximately 3.4 million .", "The decline continued , and in 2001 cassettes accounted for only 4 % of all music sold .", "Since then , further decline occurred , with very few retailers stocking them because they are no longer issued by the major music labels ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In Western Europe and North America , the market for cassettes declined sharply after its peak in the late 1980s .The decline continued , and in 2001 cassettes accounted for only 4 % of all music sold . Since then , further decline occurred , with very few retailers stocking them because they are no longer issued by the major music labels .", "selected_sentences": [ "In Western Europe and North America , the market for cassettes declined sharply after its peak in the late 1980s .", "The decline continued , and in 2001 cassettes accounted for only 4 % of all music sold .", "Since then , further decline occurred , with very few retailers stocking them because they are no longer issued by the major music labels ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Witch hat", "text": "The origins of the witch hat as commonly displayed today is unknown , but there are several theories . One is that it might have been an exaggeration of the dunce cap or the edgeless hats the Puritans and the Welsh wore . Church despised pointy hats given that the points were often related to those of the devil 's horns . The witch hat is a more brimmed version of the cone - shaped hats commonly worn by male - gendered wizards and magicians , as the hat was more brimmed for it to be female - appropriate . As of the Victorian era , fairy tales began depicting black - colored conical hats and crones as symbols of wickedness in their illustrations . Another possibility is that in Luna , a town of the Etruscan civilization , there were coins on one side depicting a goddess commonly associated with witches , named Diana , wearing a brimless , cone - shaped hat . ", "sentences": [ "The origins of the witch hat as commonly displayed today is unknown , but there are several theories .", "One is that it might have been an exaggeration of the dunce cap or the edgeless hats the Puritans and the Welsh wore .", "Church despised pointy hats given that the points were often related to those of the devil 's horns .", "The witch hat is a more brimmed version of the cone - shaped hats commonly worn by male - gendered wizards and magicians , as the hat was more brimmed for it to be female - appropriate .", "As of the Victorian era , fairy tales began depicting black - colored conical hats and crones as symbols of wickedness in their illustrations .", "Another possibility is that in Luna , a town of the Etruscan civilization , there were coins on one side depicting a goddess commonly associated with witches , named Diana , wearing a brimless , cone - shaped hat ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The origins of the witch hat as commonly displayed today is unknown, but there are several theories .\r\nAs of the Victorian era, fairy tales began depicting black - colored conical hats and crones as symbols of wickedness in their illustrations.\r\n Another possibility is that in Luna, a town of the Etruscan civilization, there were coins on one side depicting a goddess commonly associated with witches, named Diana, wearing a brimless, cone - shaped hat.", "selected_sentences": [ "The origins of the witch hat as commonly displayed today is unknown , but there are several theories .", "As of the Victorian era , fairy tales began depicting black - colored conical hats and crones as symbols of wickedness in their illustrations .", "Another possibility is that in Luna , a town of the Etruscan civilization , there were coins on one side depicting a goddess commonly associated with witches , named Diana , wearing a brimless , cone - shaped hat ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Muscles of respiration", "text": "The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing . It is a thin , dome - shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity . During inhalation , the diaphragm contracts , so that its center moves caudally ( downward ) and its edges move rostrally ( upward ) . This compresses the abdominal cavity , raises the ribs upward and outward and thus expands the thoracic cavity . This expansion draws air into the lungs . When the diaphragm relaxes , elastic recoil of the thoracic wall causes the thoracic cavity to contract , forcing air out of the lungs . ", "sentences": [ "The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing .", "It is a thin , dome - shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity .", "During inhalation , the diaphragm contracts , so that its center moves caudally ( downward ) and its edges move rostrally ( upward ) .", "This compresses the abdominal cavity , raises the ribs upward and outward and thus expands the thoracic cavity .", "This expansion draws air into the lungs .", "When the diaphragm relaxes , elastic recoil of the thoracic wall causes the thoracic cavity to contract , forcing air out of the lungs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, so that its center moves caudally (downward) and its edges move rostrally (upward).", "selected_sentences": [ "The diaphragm is the major muscle responsible for breathing .", "During inhalation , the diaphragm contracts , so that its center moves caudally ( downward ) and its edges move rostrally ( upward ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "During inhalation , the diaphragm contracts which compresses the abdominal cavity , raises the ribs upward and outward and thus expands the thoracic cavity. When the diaphragm relaxes, the cavity contracts , forcing air out of the lungs.", "selected_sentences": [ "During inhalation , the diaphragm contracts , so that its center moves caudally ( downward ) and its edges move rostrally ( upward ) .", "This compresses the abdominal cavity , raises the ribs upward and outward and thus expands the thoracic cavity .", "When the diaphragm relaxes , elastic recoil of the thoracic wall causes the thoracic cavity to contract , forcing air out of the lungs ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "USS Maine (ACR-1)", "text": "The cause of Maine 's sinking remains a subject of speculation . In 1898 , an investigation of the explosion was carried out by a naval board appointed under the McKinley Administration . The consensus of the board was that Maine was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine . However , the validity of this investigation has been challenged . George W. Melville , a chief engineer in the Navy , proposed that a more likely cause for the sinking was from a magazine explosion within the vessel . The Navy 's leading ordnance expert , Philip R. Alger , took this theory further by suggesting that the magazines were ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker . The coal used in Maine was bituminous coal , which is known for releasing firedamp , a gas that is prone to spontaneous explosions . There is stronger evidence that the explosion of Maine was caused by an internal coal fire which ignited the magazines . This was a likely cause of the explosion , rather than the initial hypothesis of a mine . The ship lay at the bottom of the harbor until 1911 . A cofferdam was then built around the wreck . The hull was patched up until the ship was afloat , then towed to sea and sunk . The Maine now lies on the sea - bed 3,600 feet ( 1,100 m ) below the surface . ", "sentences": [ "The cause of Maine 's sinking remains a subject of speculation .", "In 1898 , an investigation of the explosion was carried out by a naval board appointed under the McKinley Administration .", "The consensus of the board was that Maine was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine .", "However , the validity of this investigation has been challenged .", "George W. Melville , a chief engineer in the Navy , proposed that a more likely cause for the sinking was from a magazine explosion within the vessel .", "The Navy 's leading ordnance expert , Philip R. Alger , took this theory further by suggesting that the magazines were ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker .", "The coal used in Maine was bituminous coal , which is known for releasing firedamp , a gas that is prone to spontaneous explosions .", "There is stronger evidence that the explosion of Maine was caused by an internal coal fire which ignited the magazines .", "This was a likely cause of the explosion , rather than the initial hypothesis of a mine .", "The ship lay at the bottom of the harbor until 1911 .", "A cofferdam was then built around the wreck .", "The hull was patched up until the ship was afloat , then towed to sea and sunk .", "The Maine now lies on the sea - bed 3,600 feet ( 1,100 m ) below the surface ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The cause of Maine 's sinking remains a subject of speculation . The consensus of the board was that Maine was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine . George W. Melville , a chief engineer in the Navy , proposed that a more likely cause for the sinking was from a magazine explosion within the vessel . The Navy 's leading ordnance expert , Philip R. Alger , took this theory further by suggesting that the magazines were ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker . There is stronger evidence that the explosion of Maine was caused by an internal coal fire which ignited the magazines .", "selected_sentences": [ "The cause of Maine 's sinking remains a subject of speculation .", "The consensus of the board was that Maine was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine .", "George W. Melville , a chief engineer in the Navy , proposed that a more likely cause for the sinking was from a magazine explosion within the vessel .", "The Navy 's leading ordnance expert , Philip R. Alger , took this theory further by suggesting that the magazines were ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker .", "There is stronger evidence that the explosion of Maine was caused by an internal coal fire which ignited the magazines ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The cause of Maine 's sinking remains a subject of speculation. The consensus of the board was that Maine was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine. George W. Melville, a chief engineer in the Navy, proposed that a more likely cause for the sinking was from a magazine explosion within the vessel. The Navy 's leading ordnance expert took this theory further by suggesting that the magazines were ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker. There is stronger evidence that supports that.", "selected_sentences": [ "The cause of Maine 's sinking remains a subject of speculation .", "The consensus of the board was that Maine was destroyed by an external explosion from a mine .", "George W. Melville , a chief engineer in the Navy , proposed that a more likely cause for the sinking was from a magazine explosion within the vessel .", "The Navy 's leading ordnance expert , Philip R. Alger , took this theory further by suggesting that the magazines were ignited by a spontaneous fire in a coal bunker .", "There is stronger evidence that the explosion of Maine was caused by an internal coal fire which ignited the magazines ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Last Song (film)", "text": "Ronnie soon hears the rumor that her father burned down the church from some locals . Distraught , she goes to Will and laments about the situation . Will , knowing that it was actually his friend Scott who while playing around set fire to the church , is overcome by guilt and goes to Steve to apologize . When Ronnie comes in hearing this , she walks out and Will follows where they have an argument and break up . Will leaves . Fall arrives and Jonah returns to New York for the school year . Ronnie stays behind to take care of their father , who revealed to Ronnie & Jonah during the summer that he is terminally ill . Leading a slow life , she tries to make up for the time with her father that she 's lost . She continues work on a composition he had been writing ( titled `` For Ronnie '' ) , after losing the steadiness of his hands due to his illness . He dies just as she finishes it . ", "sentences": [ "Ronnie soon hears the rumor that her father burned down the church from some locals .", "Distraught , she goes to Will and laments about the situation .", "Will , knowing that it was actually his friend Scott who while playing around set fire to the church , is overcome by guilt and goes to Steve to apologize .", "When Ronnie comes in hearing this , she walks out and Will follows where they have an argument and break up .", "Will leaves .", "Fall arrives and Jonah returns to New York for the school year .", "Ronnie stays behind to take care of their father , who revealed to Ronnie & Jonah during the summer that he is terminally ill .", "Leading a slow life , she tries to make up for the time with her father that she 's lost .", "She continues work on a composition he had been writing ( titled `` For Ronnie '' ) , after losing the steadiness of his hands due to his illness .", "He dies just as she finishes it ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Father is terminally ill . She continues work on a composition he had been writing ( titled `` For Ronnie '' ) , after losing the steadiness of his hands due to his illness . He dies just as she finishes it .", "selected_sentences": [ "Ronnie stays behind to take care of their father , who revealed to Ronnie & Jonah during the summer that he is terminally ill .", "She continues work on a composition he had been writing ( titled `` For Ronnie '' ) , after losing the steadiness of his hands due to his illness .", "He dies just as she finishes it ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In The Last Song, during the summer, the dad revealed to Ronnie and Jonah that he was terminally ill. He died later.", "selected_sentences": [ "Ronnie stays behind to take care of their father , who revealed to Ronnie & Jonah during the summer that he is terminally ill .", "He dies just as she finishes it ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "France in the American Revolutionary War", "text": "France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War ( American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783 ) in 1778 , declared war on Great Britain , and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic . French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war . Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War , France began secretly sending supplies in 1775 . Spain and the Netherlands joined France , making it a global war in which the British had no major allies . France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres . ", "sentences": [ "France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War ( American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783 ) in 1778 , declared war on Great Britain , and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic .", "French intervention made a decisive contribution to the U.S. victory in the war .", "Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War , France began secretly sending supplies in 1775 .", "Spain and the Netherlands joined France , making it a global war in which the British had no major allies .", "France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War ( American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783 ) in 1778 , declared war on Great Britain , and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic . France began secretly sending supplies in 1775 . Spain and the Netherlands joined France. France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres .", "selected_sentences": [ "France allied with the United States during the American Revolutionary War ( American War of Independence 1775 -- 1783 ) in 1778 , declared war on Great Britain , and sent its armies and navy to fight Britain while providing money and matériel to arm the new republic .", "Motivated by a long - term rivalry with Britain and by revenge for its territorial losses during the French and Indian War , France began secretly sending supplies in 1775 .", "Spain and the Netherlands joined France , making it a global war in which the British had no major allies .", "France incurred a debt of over 1 billion livres ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Devil Wears Prada (film)", "text": "Dolce & Gabbana and Calvin Klein helped Field as well , with some contributions from Lebanese designer Georges Chakra . Although Field avoids making Streep look like Wintour , she dresses her in generous helpings of Prada ( By Field 's own estimate , 40 % of the shoes on Streep 's feet are Prada ) . `` I know her character was originally based on Anna Wintour , '' Field said , `` but I did n't want to copy someone 's style . '' But , like Wintour and her Vogue predecessor Diana Vreeland , the two realized that Miranda needed a signature look , which was provided primarily by the white wig and forelock she wore as well as the clothes the two spent much time poring over look - books for . `` ( I ) n choosing her wardrobe my idea was that she 's a chief fashion editor , she has her own style , '' Fields told Women 's Wear Daily in 2016 . `` We 're creating an original character . '' ", "sentences": [ "Dolce & Gabbana and Calvin Klein helped Field as well , with some contributions from Lebanese designer Georges Chakra .", "Although Field avoids making Streep look like Wintour , she dresses her in generous helpings of Prada ( By Field 's own estimate , 40 % of the shoes on Streep 's feet are Prada ) .", "`` I know her character was originally based on Anna Wintour , '' Field said , `` but I did n't want to copy someone 's style . ''", "But , like Wintour and her Vogue predecessor Diana Vreeland , the two realized that Miranda needed a signature look , which was provided primarily by the white wig and forelock she wore as well as the clothes the two spent much time poring over look - books for .", "`` ( I ) n choosing her wardrobe my idea was that she 's a chief fashion editor , she has her own style , '' Fields told Women 's Wear Daily in 2016 .", "`` We 're creating an original character . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Although Field avoids making Streep look like Wintour, she dresses her in generous helpings of Prada (By Field's own estimate, 40 % of the shoes on Streep's feet are Prada). `` We 're creating an original character. ''", "selected_sentences": [ "Although Field avoids making Streep look like Wintour , she dresses her in generous helpings of Prada ( By Field 's own estimate , 40 % of the shoes on Streep 's feet are Prada ) .", "`` We 're creating an original character . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In addition to other designers, 40 % of Streeps' shoes were from Prada.", "selected_sentences": [ "Dolce & Gabbana and Calvin Klein helped Field as well , with some contributions from Lebanese designer Georges Chakra .", "Although Field avoids making Streep look like Wintour , she dresses her in generous helpings of Prada ( By Field 's own estimate , 40 % of the shoes on Streep 's feet are Prada ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Replay review in gridiron football", "text": "Plays involving the sideline , goal line , end zone and end line , as well as other detectable situations , are reviewable ( e.g. , fumble / no fumble , pass complete / incomplete , touchdown / no touchdown , runner down / not down , player or ball inbounds / out of bounds , clock adjustments ) . Most fouls ( e.g. , holding , offside , pass interference ) are not reviewable , except that in 2006 , illegal forward passes , handoffs and punts from beyond the line of scrimmage , and too many players on the field are reviewable and the foul may be called after replay review . Also , while the foul of pass interference is not reviewable , it can be overturned on review based on touching of the pass . By rule , pass interference can not apply if a pass has been touched by any player before the foul occurs , and the touching of a pass is a reviewable play at its conclusion from a secure booth in the press box . Most plays are routine and the game continues without interruption . If , however , the following criteria are met , the Replay Official may interrupt the contest by paging the game officials to stop the game before the next play starts . The criteria are : ", "sentences": [ "Plays involving the sideline , goal line , end zone and end line , as well as other detectable situations , are reviewable ( e.g. , fumble / no fumble , pass complete / incomplete , touchdown / no touchdown , runner down / not down , player or ball inbounds / out of bounds , clock adjustments ) .", "Most fouls ( e.g. , holding , offside , pass interference ) are not reviewable , except that in 2006 , illegal forward passes , handoffs and punts from beyond the line of scrimmage , and too many players on the field are reviewable and the foul may be called after replay review .", "Also , while the foul of pass interference is not reviewable , it can be overturned on review based on touching of the pass .", "By rule , pass interference can not apply if a pass has been touched by any player before the foul occurs , and the touching of a pass is a reviewable play at its conclusion from a secure booth in the press box .", "Most plays are routine and the game continues without interruption .", "If , however , the following criteria are met , the Replay Official may interrupt the contest by paging the game officials to stop the game before the next play starts .", "The criteria are :" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Plays involving the sideline , goal line , end zone and end line , as well as other detectable situations , are reviewable . By rule , pass interference can not apply if a pass has been touched by any player before the foul occurs , and the touching of a pass is a reviewable play at its conclusion from a secure booth in the press box .", "selected_sentences": [ "Plays involving the sideline , goal line , end zone and end line , as well as other detectable situations , are reviewable ( e.g. , fumble / no fumble , pass complete / incomplete , touchdown / no touchdown , runner down / not down , player or ball inbounds / out of bounds , clock adjustments ) .", "By rule , pass interference can not apply if a pass has been touched by any player before the foul occurs , and the touching of a pass is a reviewable play at its conclusion from a secure booth in the press box ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Plays involving the sideline , goal line , end zone and end line , as well as other detectable situations , are reviewable . Also, the touching of a pass is a reviewable play at its conclusion from a secure booth in the press box .", "selected_sentences": [ "Plays involving the sideline , goal line , end zone and end line , as well as other detectable situations , are reviewable ( e.g. , fumble / no fumble , pass complete / incomplete , touchdown / no touchdown , runner down / not down , player or ball inbounds / out of bounds , clock adjustments ) .", "By rule , pass interference can not apply if a pass has been touched by any player before the foul occurs , and the touching of a pass is a reviewable play at its conclusion from a secure booth in the press box ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Blackjack", "text": "At a casino blackjack table , the dealer faces five to seven playing positions from behind a semicircular table . Between one and eight standard 52 - card decks are shuffled together . At the beginning of each round , up to three players can place their bets in the `` betting box '' at each position in play . That is , there could be up to three players at each position at a table in jurisdictions that allow back betting . The player whose bet is at the front of the betting box is deemed to have control over the position , and the dealer will consult the controlling player for playing decisions regarding the hand ; the other players of that box are said to `` play behind '' . Any player is usually allowed to control or bet in as many boxes as desired at a single table , but it is prohibited for an individual to play on more than one table at a time or to place multiple bets within a single box . In many U.S. casinos , however , players are limited to playing two or three positions at a table and often only one person is allowed to bet on each position . ", "sentences": [ "At a casino blackjack table , the dealer faces five to seven playing positions from behind a semicircular table .", "Between one and eight standard 52 - card decks are shuffled together .", "At the beginning of each round , up to three players can place their bets in the `` betting box '' at each position in play .", "That is , there could be up to three players at each position at a table in jurisdictions that allow back betting .", "The player whose bet is at the front of the betting box is deemed to have control over the position , and the dealer will consult the controlling player for playing decisions regarding the hand ; the other players of that box are said to `` play behind '' .", "Any player is usually allowed to control or bet in as many boxes as desired at a single table , but it is prohibited for an individual to play on more than one table at a time or to place multiple bets within a single box .", "In many U.S. casinos , however , players are limited to playing two or three positions at a table and often only one person is allowed to bet on each position ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "At the beginning of each round , up to three players can place their bets in the `` betting box '' at each position in play . Any player is usually allowed to control or bet in as many boxes as desired at a single table.", "selected_sentences": [ "At the beginning of each round , up to three players can place their bets in the `` betting box '' at each position in play .", "Any player is usually allowed to control or bet in as many boxes as desired at a single table , but it is prohibited for an individual to play on more than one table at a time or to place multiple bets within a single box ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Princess Fiona", "text": "In the first film of the series , Fiona first appears as a princess bride selected by Lord Farquaad as part of his plan to become king . She encounters Donkey and Shrek , and at first the group holds hateful feelings towards one another . However , tensions begin to smooth over gradually and Shrek and Fiona begin to develop a close connection and fall in love . Late one night , Donkey learns that because of a magical spell that had been cast on her years before , Fiona transforms into an ogress every night , but by morning reverts to her regular human form . Shrek overhears part of the conversation , and believes that Fiona finds him too ugly for her , leading him and Fiona to get into a misunderstanding followed by a heartbroken Shrek bringing Lord Farquaad to get Fiona . Shrek and Donkey interrupt Fiona 's wedding ceremony and prevent her from kissing Lord Farquaad , who then realises that Shrek is in love with Fiona and mocks him out loud . When the sun sets , Fiona turns into an ogre , and a disgusted Lord Farquaad orders Fiona detained and Shrek killed though he is almost immediately eaten by a dragon instead . Shrek and Fiona profess their love and they kiss , which breaks Fiona 's curse , though she is now permanently an ogress . At the end of the movie , Shrek marries Fiona . ", "sentences": [ "In the first film of the series , Fiona first appears as a princess bride selected by Lord Farquaad as part of his plan to become king .", "She encounters Donkey and Shrek , and at first the group holds hateful feelings towards one another .", "However , tensions begin to smooth over gradually and Shrek and Fiona begin to develop a close connection and fall in love .", "Late one night , Donkey learns that because of a magical spell that had been cast on her years before , Fiona transforms into an ogress every night , but by morning reverts to her regular human form .", "Shrek overhears part of the conversation , and believes that Fiona finds him too ugly for her , leading him and Fiona to get into a misunderstanding followed by a heartbroken Shrek bringing Lord Farquaad to get Fiona .", "Shrek and Donkey interrupt Fiona 's wedding ceremony and prevent her from kissing Lord Farquaad , who then realises that Shrek is in love with Fiona and mocks him out loud .", "When the sun sets , Fiona turns into an ogre , and a disgusted Lord Farquaad orders Fiona detained and Shrek killed though he is almost immediately eaten by a dragon instead .", "Shrek and Fiona profess their love and they kiss , which breaks Fiona 's curse , though she is now permanently an ogress .", "At the end of the movie , Shrek marries Fiona ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Late one night, Donkey learns that because of a magical spell that had been cast on her years before, Fiona transforms into an ogress every night, but by morning reverts to her regular human form. Shrek and Fiona begin to develop a close connection and fall in love When they profess their love and kiss, which breaks Fiona's curse, though she is now permanently an ogress.", "selected_sentences": [ "However , tensions begin to smooth over gradually and Shrek and Fiona begin to develop a close connection and fall in love .", "Late one night , Donkey learns that because of a magical spell that had been cast on her years before , Fiona transforms into an ogress every night , but by morning reverts to her regular human form .", "Shrek and Fiona profess their love and they kiss , which breaks Fiona 's curse , though she is now permanently an ogress ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ablative (Latin)", "text": "In Latin grammar , the ablative case ( in Latin , cāsus ablātīvus ) is one of the six cases of nouns . Traditionally , it is the sixth case ( Latin : cāsus sextus , cāsus latīnus ) . It has forms and functions derived from the Proto - Indo - European ablative , instrumental , and locative . It expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions from ; with , by ; and in , at . It is sometimes called the adverbial case , since phrases in the ablative can be translated as adverbs : incrēdibilī celeritāte , `` with incredible speed '' , or `` very quickly '' ", "sentences": [ "In Latin grammar , the ablative case ( in Latin , cāsus ablātīvus ) is one of the six cases of nouns .", "Traditionally , it is the sixth case ( Latin : cāsus sextus , cāsus latīnus ) .", "It has forms and functions derived from the Proto - Indo - European ablative , instrumental , and locative .", "It expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions from ; with , by ; and in , at .", "It is sometimes called the adverbial case , since phrases in the ablative can be translated as adverbs : incrēdibilī celeritāte , `` with incredible speed '' , or `` very quickly ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The ablative case expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions from; with, by; and in, at. It is sometimes called the adverbial case.", "selected_sentences": [ "In Latin grammar , the ablative case ( in Latin , cāsus ablātīvus ) is one of the six cases of nouns .", "It expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions from ; with , by ; and in , at .", "It is sometimes called the adverbial case , since phrases in the ablative can be translated as adverbs : incrēdibilī celeritāte , `` with incredible speed '' , or `` very quickly ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Pandora", "text": "The Pandora myth first appears in lines 560 -- 612 of Hesiod 's poem in epic meter , the Theogony ( ca . 8th -- 7th centuries BC ) , without ever giving the woman a name . After humans received the stolen gift of fire from Prometheus , an angry Zeus decides to give humanity a punishing gift to compensate for the boon they had been given . He commands Hephaestus to mold from earth the first woman , a `` beautiful evil '' whose descendants would torment the human race . After Hephaestus does so , Athena dresses her in a silvery gown , an embroidered veil , garlands and an ornate crown of silver . This woman goes unnamed in the Theogony , but is presumably Pandora , whose myth Hesiod revisited in Works and Days . When she first appears before gods and mortals , `` wonder seized them '' as they looked upon her . But she was `` sheer guile , not to be withstood by men . '' Hesiod elaborates ( 590 -- 93 ) : ", "sentences": [ "The Pandora myth first appears in lines 560 -- 612 of Hesiod 's poem in epic meter , the Theogony ( ca .", "8th --", "7th centuries BC ) , without ever giving the woman a name .", "After humans received the stolen gift of fire from Prometheus , an angry Zeus decides to give humanity a punishing gift to compensate for the boon they had been given .", "He commands Hephaestus to mold from earth the first woman , a `` beautiful evil '' whose descendants would torment the human race .", "After Hephaestus does so , Athena dresses her in a silvery gown , an embroidered veil , garlands and an ornate crown of silver .", "This woman goes unnamed in the Theogony , but is presumably Pandora , whose myth Hesiod revisited in Works and Days .", "When she first appears before gods and mortals , `` wonder seized them '' as they looked upon her .", "But she was `` sheer guile , not to be withstood by men . ''", "Hesiod elaborates ( 590 -- 93 ) :" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "After humans received the stolen gift of fire from Prometheus, an angry Zeus decides to give humanity a punishing gift to compensate for the boon they had been given. He commands Hephaestus to mold from earth the first woman, a ``beautiful evil'' whose descendants would torment the human race. This woman goes unnamed in the Theogony, but is presumably Pandora.", "selected_sentences": [ "After humans received the stolen gift of fire from Prometheus , an angry Zeus decides to give humanity a punishing gift to compensate for the boon they had been given .", "He commands Hephaestus to mold from earth the first woman , a `` beautiful evil '' whose descendants would torment the human race .", "This woman goes unnamed in the Theogony , but is presumably Pandora , whose myth Hesiod revisited in Works and Days ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "List of Game of Thrones characters", "text": "Jaime Lannister ( season 1 -- present ) portrayed by Nikolaj Coster - Waldau . Ser Jaime Lannister of House Lannister is a member of the Kingsguard and an exceptionally skilled swordsman . He is the Queen 's twin brother and has carried on an incestuous love affair with her all his life , fathering all three of her living children . He truly does love his sister and will do anything , no matter how rash , to stay close to her . He is nicknamed `` Kingslayer '' for killing the previous King , Aerys II , whom he was sworn to protect . He was allowed to keep his post in the current Kingsguard as he and his influential father helped Robert win the war , but no one feels he deserves this post , which frustrates Jaime . Despite Eddard Stark 's animosity against him for forsaking his oath to protect the King during Robert 's Rebellion , Jaime has great respect for Eddard , whom he considers a great warrior and his equal . Unlike his father and sister , Jaime cares deeply about his younger brother Tyrion . In Season 2 , Catelyn releases and sends Jaime to King 's Landing under Brienne of Tarth 's watch in exchange for a pledge to send her daughters home . On the journey , they are captured by the violent Locke , a man - at - arms under Roose Bolton , a Northern Lord . On their way to Harrenhal , now held by Bolton , the lowborn Locke cuts off Jaime 's sword hand to taunt his position and privilege . Jaime survives and is allowed to depart Harrenhal on condition that he acquits Bolton from any guilt . During his time in Harrenhal , Jaime reveals to Brienne on why he killed King Aerys II . Once freed , Jaime travels to King 's Landing with Brienne and disgraced Maester Qyburn , given by Bolton to tend to his injury , in tow . At the end of Season 3 , they arrive at the gates and Jaime reunites with Cersei . In season 4 , Jaime is fitted with a golden prosthetic hand and given a new sword , and is trained by Bronn in fencing with his left hand . Jaime is one of the few people in King 's Landing who believe in Tyrion 's innocence in killing Joffrey , and does his best to comfort his younger brother , while outright refusing Cersei 's order to kill Tyrion before his trial . When Tyrion is sentenced to death , Jaime frees Tyrion from captivity and arranges for him to be smuggled to Essos with Varys 's help . Jaime tells Cersei that he will travel to Dorne and bring Myrcella back . Myrcella says that she likes it in Dorne and does n't want to go back to King 's Landing . However , she eventually leaves with her uncle and Trystane , after Doran bargains to have his son take his seat on the Small Council . On the journey home , Jaime reveals his incestuous relationship to Cersei to their daughter , who then reveals she knows and is glad that Jaime is her father and hugs him , but moments later Myrcella collapses from poison and dies . In season 6 , Jaime returns to King 's Landing with Myrcella 's body and sends Doran a letter requesting the heads of Ellaria , Obara , Nymeria and Tyene , but later hears that both Doran and Trystane were killed by the Sands . In response to Cersei 's humiliation by the Faith Militant , Jaime ponders murdering the High Sparrow and marching on the Great Sept of Baelor with the army of House Tyrell to forcibly rescue Margaery from custody . He is foiled , however , when Tommen declares an allegiance between the Faith and the Crown , and dismisses Jaime from the Kingsguard , clearly on the High Sparrow 's orders . Jaime is later sent to the Riverlands with Bronn to oversee the surrender of Riverrun . He parleys with Brynden `` The Blackfish '' Tully , to no avail , and then falsely threatens Edmure Tully with the murder of his baby son if he does not get his men to surrender the castle . The castle eventually falls to the Lannisters and Freys . Jaime briefly crosses paths with Brienne and Podrick , but allows them to leave peacefully . He returns to King 's Landing shortly after the Great Sept 's destruction , and enters the Red Keep to see Cersei being crowned Queen . In Season 7 he commands the Lannister army , capturing Highgarden but suffering defeat when ambushed by Daenerys ' Dothraki forces and dragons . He clashes with Cersei over the threat from the Army of the Dead , and when she breaks her word over sending military support he leaves her and rides north alone . ", "sentences": [ "Jaime Lannister ( season 1 -- present ) portrayed by Nikolaj Coster - Waldau .", "Ser Jaime Lannister of House Lannister is a member of the Kingsguard and an exceptionally skilled swordsman .", "He is the Queen 's twin brother and has carried on an incestuous love affair with her all his life , fathering all three of her living children .", "He truly does love his sister and will do anything , no matter how rash , to stay close to her .", "He is nicknamed `` Kingslayer '' for killing the previous King , Aerys II , whom he was sworn to protect .", "He was allowed to keep his post in the current Kingsguard as he and his influential father helped Robert win the war , but no one feels he deserves this post , which frustrates Jaime .", "Despite Eddard Stark 's animosity against him for forsaking his oath to protect the King during Robert 's Rebellion , Jaime has great respect for Eddard , whom he considers a great warrior and his equal .", "Unlike his father and sister , Jaime cares deeply about his younger brother Tyrion .", "In Season 2 , Catelyn releases and sends Jaime to King 's Landing under Brienne of Tarth 's watch in exchange for a pledge to send her daughters home .", "On the journey , they are captured by the violent Locke , a man - at - arms under Roose Bolton , a Northern Lord .", "On their way to Harrenhal , now held by Bolton , the lowborn Locke cuts off Jaime 's sword hand to taunt his position and privilege .", "Jaime survives and is allowed to depart Harrenhal on condition that he acquits Bolton from any guilt .", "During his time in Harrenhal , Jaime reveals to Brienne on why he killed King Aerys II .", "Once freed , Jaime travels to King 's Landing with Brienne and disgraced Maester Qyburn , given by Bolton to tend to his injury , in tow .", "At the end of Season 3 , they arrive at the gates and Jaime reunites with Cersei .", "In season 4 , Jaime is fitted with a golden prosthetic hand and given a new sword , and is trained by Bronn in fencing with his left hand .", "Jaime is one of the few people in King 's Landing who believe in Tyrion 's innocence in killing Joffrey , and does his best to comfort his younger brother , while outright refusing Cersei 's order to kill Tyrion before his trial .", "When Tyrion is sentenced to death , Jaime frees Tyrion from captivity and arranges for him to be smuggled to Essos with Varys 's help .", "Jaime tells Cersei that he will travel to Dorne and bring Myrcella back .", "Myrcella says that she likes it in Dorne and does n't want to go back to King 's Landing .", "However , she eventually leaves with her uncle and Trystane , after Doran bargains to have his son take his seat on the Small Council .", "On the journey home , Jaime reveals his incestuous relationship to Cersei to their daughter , who then reveals she knows and is glad that Jaime is her father and hugs him , but moments later Myrcella collapses from poison and dies .", "In season 6 , Jaime returns to King 's Landing with Myrcella 's body and sends Doran a letter requesting the heads of Ellaria , Obara , Nymeria and Tyene , but later hears that both Doran and Trystane were killed by the Sands .", "In response to Cersei 's humiliation by the Faith Militant , Jaime ponders murdering the High Sparrow and marching on the Great Sept of Baelor with the army of House Tyrell to forcibly rescue Margaery from custody .", "He is foiled , however , when Tommen declares an allegiance between the Faith and the Crown , and dismisses Jaime from the Kingsguard , clearly on the High Sparrow 's orders .", "Jaime is later sent to the Riverlands with Bronn to oversee the surrender of Riverrun .", "He parleys with Brynden `` The Blackfish ''", "Tully , to no avail , and then falsely threatens Edmure Tully with the murder of his baby son if he does not get his men to surrender the castle .", "The castle eventually falls to the Lannisters and Freys .", "Jaime briefly crosses paths with Brienne and Podrick , but allows them to leave peacefully .", "He returns to King 's Landing shortly after the Great Sept 's destruction , and enters the Red Keep to see Cersei being crowned Queen .", "In Season 7 he commands the Lannister army , capturing Highgarden but suffering defeat when ambushed by Daenerys ' Dothraki forces and dragons .", "He clashes with Cersei over the threat from the Army of the Dead , and when she breaks her word over sending military support he leaves her and rides north alone ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jaime Lannister ( season 1 -- present ) portrayed by Nikolaj Coster - Waldau, and he is the Queen 's twin brother.", "selected_sentences": [ "Jaime Lannister ( season 1 -- present ) portrayed by Nikolaj Coster - Waldau .", "He is the Queen 's twin brother and has carried on an incestuous love affair with her all his life , fathering all three of her living children ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In Game of Thrones, the queen's brother was portrayed by Nikolaj Coster - Waldau.", "selected_sentences": [ "Jaime Lannister ( season 1 -- present ) portrayed by Nikolaj Coster - Waldau .", "He is the Queen 's twin brother and has carried on an incestuous love affair with her all his life , fathering all three of her living children ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)", "text": "The music provided for the show was composed by father - and - son duo Keith and Matthew Strachan . The Strachans ' composition for the game show helped with Briggs ' tense game design , by providing the necessary drama and tension . Unlike other game show musical scores , the music provided for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? was designed to be played throughout the entire episode of the show . The Strachans main theme for the game show was inspired from the `` Mars '' movement of Gustav Holst 's The Planets . For the main game of the show , the pair designed the music to feature three variations , with the second and third compositions focused on emphasising the increased tension of the game - as a contestant made progress to higher cash amounts , the pitch of the music was increased by a semitone for each subsequent question . On Game Show Network 's Gameshow Hall of Fame special , the narrator described the Strachan tracks as `` mimicking the sound of a beating heart '' , and stated that as the contestant works their way up the money ladder , the music is `` perfectly in tune with their ever - increasing pulse '' . ", "sentences": [ "The music provided for the show was composed by father - and - son duo Keith and Matthew Strachan .", "The Strachans ' composition for the game show helped with Briggs ' tense game design , by providing the necessary drama and tension .", "Unlike other game show musical scores , the music provided for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? was designed to be played throughout the entire episode of the show .", "The Strachans main theme for the game show was inspired from the `` Mars '' movement of Gustav Holst 's The Planets .", "For the main game of the show , the pair designed the music to feature three variations , with the second and third compositions focused on emphasising the increased tension of the game - as a contestant made progress to higher cash amounts , the pitch of the music was increased by a semitone for each subsequent question .", "On Game Show Network 's Gameshow Hall of Fame special , the narrator described the Strachan tracks as `` mimicking the sound of a beating heart '' , and stated that as the contestant works their way up the money ladder , the music is `` perfectly in tune with their ever - increasing pulse '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The music provided for the show was composed by father and son duo - Keith and Matthew Strachan. For the main game of the show, the pair designed the music to feature three variations, with the second and third compositions focused on emphasizing the increased tension of the game. Unlike other game show musical scores, the music provided for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? was designed to be played throughout the entire episode of the show.", "selected_sentences": [ "The music provided for the show was composed by father - and - son duo Keith and Matthew Strachan .", "Unlike other game show musical scores , the music provided for Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? was designed to be played throughout the entire episode of the show .", "For the main game of the show , the pair designed the music to feature three variations , with the second and third compositions focused on emphasising the increased tension of the game - as a contestant made progress to higher cash amounts , the pitch of the music was increased by a semitone for each subsequent question ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Tell-Tale Heart", "text": "`` The Tell - Tale Heart '' is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe , first published in 1843 . It is relayed by an unnamed narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity while simultaneously describing a murder he committed . The victim was an old man with a filmy `` vulture - eye '' , as the narrator calls it . The narrator emphasizes the careful calculation of the murder , and he hides the body by dismembering it in the bathtub , and hiding it under the floorboards . Ultimately , the narrator 's feelings of guilt , or a mental disturbance , result in him hearing a thumping sound , which he interprets as the dead man 's beating heart . ", "sentences": [ "`` The Tell - Tale Heart '' is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe , first published in 1843 .", "It is relayed by an unnamed narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity while simultaneously describing a murder he committed .", "The victim was an old man with a filmy `` vulture - eye '' , as the narrator calls it .", "The narrator emphasizes the careful calculation of the murder , and he hides the body by dismembering it in the bathtub , and hiding it under the floorboards .", "Ultimately , the narrator 's feelings of guilt , or a mental disturbance , result in him hearing a thumping sound , which he interprets as the dead man 's beating heart ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "``The Tell - Tale Heart'' is a short story that is relayed by an unnamed narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity while simultaneously describing a murder he committed. Ultimately, the narrator's feelings of guilt, or a mental disturbance, result in him hearing a thumping sound, which he interprets as the dead man's beating heart.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The Tell - Tale Heart '' is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe , first published in 1843 .", "It is relayed by an unnamed narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity while simultaneously describing a murder he committed .", "Ultimately , the narrator 's feelings of guilt , or a mental disturbance , result in him hearing a thumping sound , which he interprets as the dead man 's beating heart ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Tell-Tale Heart is a story relayed by a narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity while simultaneously describing a murder he committed. The victim was an old man with a filmy \"vulture-eye.\" The narrator emphasizes the careful calculation of the murder , and hides the body. Ultimately , the narrator hears a thumping sound , which he interprets as the dead man 's beating heart .", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The Tell - Tale Heart '' is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe , first published in 1843 .", "It is relayed by an unnamed narrator who endeavors to convince the reader of his sanity while simultaneously describing a murder he committed .", "The victim was an old man with a filmy `` vulture - eye '' , as the narrator calls it .", "The narrator emphasizes the careful calculation of the murder , and he hides the body by dismembering it in the bathtub , and hiding it under the floorboards .", "Ultimately , the narrator 's feelings of guilt , or a mental disturbance , result in him hearing a thumping sound , which he interprets as the dead man 's beating heart ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Education in ancient Rome", "text": "Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal , familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition - based system during the late Republic and the Empire . The Roman education system was based on the Greek system -- and many of the private tutors in the Roman system were Greek slaves or freedmen . The educational methodology and curriculum used in Rome was copied in its provinces , and provided a basis for education systems throughout later Western civilization . Organized education remained relatively rare , and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD . Due to the extensive power wielded by the paterfamilias over Roman families , the level and quality of education provided to Roman children varied drastically from family to family ; nevertheless , Roman popular morality came eventually to expect fathers to have their children educated to some extent , and a complete advanced education was expected of any Roman who wished to enter politics . ", "sentences": [ "Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal , familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition - based system during the late Republic and the Empire .", "The Roman education system was based on the Greek system -- and many of the private tutors in the Roman system were Greek slaves or freedmen .", "The educational methodology and curriculum used in Rome was copied in its provinces , and provided a basis for education systems throughout later Western civilization .", "Organized education remained relatively rare , and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD .", "Due to the extensive power wielded by the paterfamilias over Roman families , the level and quality of education provided to Roman children varied drastically from family to family ; nevertheless , Roman popular morality came eventually to expect fathers to have their children educated to some extent , and a complete advanced education was expected of any Roman who wished to enter politics ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal, familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition-based system during the late Republic and the Empire.\r\n Organized education remained relatively rare, and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD.", "selected_sentences": [ "Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal , familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition - based system during the late Republic and the Empire .", "Organized education remained relatively rare , and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal, familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition-based system during the late Republic and the Empire. The Roman education system was based on the Greek system - and many of the private tutors were Greek slaves or freedmen. Organized education remained relatively rare, and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD.", "selected_sentences": [ "Education in ancient Rome progressed from an informal , familial system of education in the early Republic to a tuition - based system during the late Republic and the Empire .", "The Roman education system was based on the Greek system -- and many of the private tutors in the Roman system were Greek slaves or freedmen .", "Organized education remained relatively rare , and there are few primary sources or accounts of the Roman educational process until the 2nd century AD ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jughead Jones", "text": "Another mystery that follows Jughead 's character is the meaning of the `` S '' on his sweatshirt . This remains a mystery to this day , although many stories have hinted at a meaning . In Jughead # 30 ( 1992 ) , when his psychiatrist , Sara , asked him `` why an ' S ' ? '' he replied `` I dunno ! My third cousin was called skinny ... '' The triangular banner on the cover of issue 140 of Archie & Friends shows that the `` S '' stands for Silby , as in Silby High School , which he attended for a few months as a freshman . At one time after his sweater was filled with holes due to what he thought was a moth when it was actually a chemical accident caused in lab class , he reveals that he simply likes the letter S and finds it `` compatible , '' because the letter can stand for `` soup , sandwich , steak and all kinds of goodies ! '' after his friends ask him . Betty rolls her eyes at the explanation and adds , `` S stands for `` sorry I asked '' ! '' Another theory is that he is a non-conformist so when everyone wears `` R '' which stands for Riverdale he just goes with the next letter `` S '' . ", "sentences": [ "Another mystery that follows Jughead 's character is the meaning of the `` S '' on his sweatshirt .", "This remains a mystery to this day , although many stories have hinted at a meaning .", "In Jughead # 30 ( 1992 ) , when his psychiatrist , Sara , asked him `` why an ' S ' ? ''", "he replied `` I dunno !", "My third cousin was called skinny ... ''", "The triangular banner on the cover of issue 140 of Archie & Friends shows that the `` S '' stands for Silby , as in Silby High School , which he attended for a few months as a freshman .", "At one time after his sweater was filled with holes due to what he thought was a moth when it was actually a chemical accident caused in lab class , he reveals that he simply likes the letter S and finds it `` compatible , '' because the letter can stand for `` soup , sandwich , steak and all kinds of goodies ! ''", "after his friends ask him .", "Betty rolls her eyes at the explanation and adds , `` S stands for `` sorry I asked '' ! ''", "Another theory is that he is a non-conformist so when everyone wears `` R '' which stands for Riverdale he just goes with the next letter `` S '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In Jughead # 30 ( 1992 ) , when his psychiatrist , Sara , asked him `` why an ' S ' ? '' he replied `` I dunno ! My third cousin was called skinny ... '' The triangular banner on the cover of issue 140 of Archie & Friends shows that the `` S '' stands for Silby , as in Silby High School . The letter can stand for `` soup , sandwich , steak and all kinds of goodies ! '' Betty rolls her eyes at the explanation and adds , `` S stands for `` sorry I asked '' ! '' Another theory is that he is a non-conformist so when everyone wears `` R '' which stands for Riverdale he just goes with the next letter `` S '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "In Jughead # 30 ( 1992 ) , when his psychiatrist , Sara , asked him `` why an ' S ' ? ''", "he replied `` I dunno !", "My third cousin was called skinny ... ''", "The triangular banner on the cover of issue 140 of Archie & Friends shows that the `` S '' stands for Silby , as in Silby High School , which he attended for a few months as a freshman .", "At one time after his sweater was filled with holes due to what he thought was a moth when it was actually a chemical accident caused in lab class , he reveals that he simply likes the letter S and finds it `` compatible , '' because the letter can stand for `` soup , sandwich , steak and all kinds of goodies ! ''", "Betty rolls her eyes at the explanation and adds , `` S stands for `` sorry I asked '' ! ''", "Another theory is that he is a non-conformist so when everyone wears `` R '' which stands for Riverdale he just goes with the next letter `` S '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "River Welland", "text": "The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England , some 65 miles ( 105 km ) long . It drains part of the Midlands eastwards to The Wash . The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills , at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire , then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough , Stamford and Spalding , to reach The Wash near Fosdyke . It is a major waterway across the part of the Fens called South Holland , and is one of the Fenland rivers which were laid out with washlands . There are two channels between widely spaced embankments with the intention that flood waters would have space in which to spread while the tide in the estuary prevented free egress . However , after the floods of 1947 , new works such as the Coronation Channel were constructed to control flooding in Spalding and the washes are no longer used solely as pasture , but may be used for arable farming . ", "sentences": [ "The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England , some 65 miles ( 105 km ) long .", "It drains part of the Midlands eastwards to The Wash .", "The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills , at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire , then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough , Stamford and Spalding , to reach The Wash near Fosdyke .", "It is a major waterway across the part of the Fens called South Holland , and is one of the Fenland rivers which were laid out with washlands .", "There are two channels between widely spaced embankments with the intention that flood waters would have space in which to spread while the tide in the estuary prevented free egress .", "However , after the floods of 1947 , new works such as the Coronation Channel were constructed to control flooding in Spalding and the washes are no longer used solely as pasture , but may be used for arable farming ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England. The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke.", "selected_sentences": [ "The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England , some 65 miles ( 105 km ) long .", "The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills , at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire , then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough , Stamford and Spalding , to reach The Wash near Fosdyke ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "River Welland rises in the Hothorpe Hills , at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire , then flows generally northeast to reach The Wash near Fosdyke .", "selected_sentences": [ "The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England , some 65 miles ( 105 km ) long .", "The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills , at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire , then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough , Stamford and Spalding , to reach The Wash near Fosdyke ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Fragment crystallizable region", "text": "The fragment crystallizable region ( Fc region ) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system . This property allows antibodies to activate the immune system . In IgG , IgA and IgD antibody isotypes , the Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments , derived from the second and third constant domains of the antibody 's two heavy chains ; IgM and IgE Fc regions contain three heavy chain constant domains ( C domains 2 -- 4 ) in each polypeptide chain . The Fc regions of IgGs bear a highly conserved N - glycosylation site . Glycosylation of the Fc fragment is essential for Fc receptor - mediated activity . The N - glycans attached to this site are predominantly core - fucosylated diantennary structures of the complex type . In addition , small amounts of these N - glycans also bear bisecting GlcNAc and α - 2 , 6 linked sialic acid residues . ", "sentences": [ "The fragment crystallizable region ( Fc region ) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system .", "This property allows antibodies to activate the immune system .", "In IgG , IgA and IgD antibody isotypes , the Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments , derived from the second and third constant domains of the antibody 's two heavy chains ; IgM and IgE Fc regions contain three heavy chain constant domains ( C domains 2 -- 4 ) in each polypeptide chain .", "The Fc regions of IgGs bear a highly conserved N - glycosylation site .", "Glycosylation of the Fc fragment is essential for Fc receptor - mediated activity .", "The N - glycans attached to this site are predominantly core - fucosylated diantennary structures of the complex type .", "In addition , small amounts of these N - glycans also bear bisecting GlcNAc and α - 2 , 6 linked sialic acid residues ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors. The Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments derived from the second and third constant domains of the antibody's two heavy chains.", "selected_sentences": [ "The fragment crystallizable region ( Fc region ) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system .", "In IgG , IgA and IgD antibody isotypes , the Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments , derived from the second and third constant domains of the antibody 's two heavy chains ; IgM and IgE Fc regions contain three heavy chain constant domains ( C domains 2 -- 4 ) in each polypeptide chain ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ural Mountains", "text": "The Ural Mountains ( Russian : Ура́льские го́ры , tr . Uralskiye gory ; IPA : ( ʊˈraljskjɪjə ˈgorɨ ) ; Bashkir : Урал тауҙары , Ural tauźarı ) , or simply the Urals , are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia , from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan . The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia . Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic Ocean . ", "sentences": [ "The Ural Mountains ( Russian : Ура́льские го́ры , tr .", "Uralskiye gory ; IPA : ( ʊˈraljskjɪjə ˈgorɨ )", "; Bashkir : Урал тауҙары , Ural tauźarı ) , or simply the Urals , are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia , from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan .", "The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia .", "Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic Ocean ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Ural Mountains are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia , from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan . The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Ural Mountains ( Russian : Ура́льские го́ры , tr .", "; Bashkir : Урал тауҙары , Ural tauźarı ) , or simply the Urals , are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia , from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan .", "The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cocoa butter", "text": "Cocoa butter is obtained from whole cocoa beans , which are fermented , roasted , and then separated from their hulls . About 54 -- 58 % of the residue is cocoa butter . Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids . The Broma process is used to extract cocoa butter from ground cocoa beans . Cocoa butter is sometimes deodorized to remove strong or undesirable tastes . ", "sentences": [ "Cocoa butter is obtained from whole cocoa beans , which are fermented , roasted , and then separated from their hulls .", "About 54 -- 58 % of the residue is cocoa butter .", "Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids .", "The Broma process is used to extract cocoa butter from ground cocoa beans .", "Cocoa butter is sometimes deodorized to remove strong or undesirable tastes ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Cocoa butter is obtained from whole cocoa beans , which are fermented , roasted , and then separated from their hulls .Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids . The Broma process is used to extract cocoa butter from ground cocoa beans .", "selected_sentences": [ "Cocoa butter is obtained from whole cocoa beans , which are fermented , roasted , and then separated from their hulls .", "Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids .", "The Broma process is used to extract cocoa butter from ground cocoa beans ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Cocoa butter is obtained from whole cocoa beans, which are fermented, roasted and then separated from their hulls. Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids. The Broma process is used to extract cocoa butter from ground cocoa beans.", "selected_sentences": [ "Cocoa butter is obtained from whole cocoa beans , which are fermented , roasted , and then separated from their hulls .", "Chocolate liquor is pressed to separate the cocoa butter from the cocoa solids .", "The Broma process is used to extract cocoa butter from ground cocoa beans ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Entamoeba histolytica", "text": "The active ( trophozoite ) stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces ; cysts survive outside the host in water , in soils , and on foods , especially under moist conditions on the latter . The infection can occur when a person puts anything into their mouth that has touched the feces of a person who is infected with E. histolytica , swallows something , such as water or food , that is contaminated with E. histolytica , or swallows E. histolytica cysts ( eggs ) picked up from contaminated surfaces or fingers . The cysts are readily killed by heat and by freezing temperatures , and survive for only a few months outside of the host . When cysts are swallowed they cause infections by excysting ( releasing the trophozoite stage ) in the digestive tract . The pathogenic nature of E. histolytica was first reported by Lösch in 1875 , but it was not given its Latin name until Fritz Schaudinn described it in 1903 . E. histolytica , as its name suggests ( histo -- lytic = tissue destroying ) , is pathogenic ; infection can be asymptomatic or can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess . Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery , bloody diarrhea , weight loss , fatigue , abdominal pain , and amoeboma . The amoeba can actually ' bore ' into the intestinal wall , causing lesions and intestinal symptoms , and it may reach the blood stream . From there , it can reach different vital organs of the human body , usually the liver , but sometimes the lungs , brain , spleen , etc . A common outcome of this invasion of tissues is a liver abscess , which can be fatal if untreated . Ingested red blood cells are sometimes seen in the amoeba cell cytoplasm . ", "sentences": [ "The active ( trophozoite ) stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces ; cysts survive outside the host in water , in soils , and on foods , especially under moist conditions on the latter .", "The infection can occur when a person puts anything into their mouth that has touched the feces of a person who is infected with E. histolytica , swallows something , such as water or food , that is contaminated with E. histolytica , or swallows E. histolytica cysts ( eggs ) picked up from contaminated surfaces or fingers .", "The cysts are readily killed by heat and by freezing temperatures , and survive for only a few months outside of the host .", "When cysts are swallowed they cause infections by excysting ( releasing the trophozoite stage ) in the digestive tract .", "The pathogenic nature of E. histolytica was first reported by Lösch in 1875 , but it was not given its Latin name until Fritz Schaudinn described it in 1903 .", "E. histolytica , as its name suggests ( histo -- lytic = tissue destroying ) , is pathogenic ; infection can be asymptomatic or can lead to amoebic dysentery or amoebic liver abscess .", "Symptoms can include fulminating dysentery , bloody diarrhea , weight loss , fatigue , abdominal pain , and amoeboma .", "The amoeba can actually ' bore ' into the intestinal wall , causing lesions and intestinal symptoms , and it may reach the blood stream .", "From there , it can reach different vital organs of the human body , usually the liver , but sometimes the lungs , brain , spleen , etc .", "A common outcome of this invasion of tissues is a liver abscess , which can be fatal if untreated .", "Ingested red blood cells are sometimes seen in the amoeba cell cytoplasm ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The amoeba can actually 'bore' into the intestinal wall, causing lesions and intestinal symptoms, and it may reach the blood stream from where it can reach different vital organs of the human body, usually the liver, but sometimes the lungs, brain, spleen, etc.", "selected_sentences": [ "The active ( trophozoite ) stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces ; cysts survive outside the host in water , in soils , and on foods , especially under moist conditions on the latter .", "The amoeba can actually ' bore ' into the intestinal wall , causing lesions and intestinal symptoms , and it may reach the blood stream .", "From there , it can reach different vital organs of the human body , usually the liver , but sometimes the lungs , brain , spleen , etc ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The entamoeba histolytica can bore into the intestinal wall and may reach the blood stream. It can reach different vital organs of the human body , usually the liver , but sometimes the lungs , brain , spleen , etc .", "selected_sentences": [ "The amoeba can actually ' bore ' into the intestinal wall , causing lesions and intestinal symptoms , and it may reach the blood stream .", "From there , it can reach different vital organs of the human body , usually the liver , but sometimes the lungs , brain , spleen , etc ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rise of nationalism in Europe", "text": "Nationalism is the ideological basis for the development of the modern nation - state . According to Leon Baradat , nationalism `` calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state - a nation - state - to support those interests . '' It was an important factor in the development of Europe . In the 19th century , a wave of romantic nationalism swept the European continent , transforming its countries . Some newly formed countries , such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common `` national identity '' . Others , such as Greece , Serbia , Poland , Romania and Bulgaria , were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and Russia . Nationalism was the ideological impetus that , over the century , transformed Europe . Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self - determination and newly formed national governments . Storming ", "sentences": [ "Nationalism is the ideological basis for the development of the modern nation - state .", "According to Leon Baradat , nationalism `` calls on people to identify with the interests of their national group and to support the creation of a state - a nation - state - to support those interests . ''", "It was an important factor in the development of Europe .", "In the 19th century , a wave of romantic nationalism swept the European continent , transforming its countries .", "Some newly formed countries , such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common `` national identity '' .", "Others , such as Greece , Serbia , Poland , Romania and Bulgaria , were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and Russia .", "Nationalism was the ideological impetus that , over the century , transformed Europe .", "Rule by monarchies and foreign control of territory was replaced by self - determination and newly formed national governments .", "Storming" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In the 19th century, a wave of romantic nationalism swept the European continent, transforming its countries. Germany and Italy were formed by uniting various regional states with a common national identity. Others, such as Greece, Serbia, Poland, Romania and Bulgaria, were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and Russia.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the 19th century , a wave of romantic nationalism swept the European continent , transforming its countries .", "Others , such as Greece , Serbia , Poland , Romania and Bulgaria , were formed by uprisings against the Ottoman Empire and Russia ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bill of Rights 1689", "text": "The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown . It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689 , inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England . The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament . It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law . Furthermore , the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England . ", "sentences": [ "The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .", "It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689 , inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England .", "The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament .", "It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law .", "Furthermore , the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Bill of Rights, also known as the English Bill of Rights, is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown. It lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .", "The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament , including the requirement for regular parliaments , free elections , and freedom of speech in Parliament ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Bill of Rights , also known as the English Bill of Rights , is an Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Naegleria fowleri", "text": "Naegleria fowleri , colloquially known as the `` brain - eating amoeba '' , is a species of the genus Naegleria , belonging to the phylum Percolozoa . It is a free - living , bacteria - eating amoeba that can be pathogenic , causing a fulminant ( sudden and severe ) brain infection called naegleriasis , also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM ) . This microorganism is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater , such as ponds , lakes , rivers , and hot springs . It is also found in the soil near warm - water discharges of industrial plants , and in unchlorinated or minimally - chlorinated swimming pools . It can be seen in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage . ", "sentences": [ "Naegleria fowleri , colloquially known as the `` brain - eating amoeba '' , is a species of the genus Naegleria , belonging to the phylum Percolozoa .", "It is a free - living , bacteria - eating amoeba that can be pathogenic , causing a fulminant ( sudden and severe ) brain infection called naegleriasis , also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM ) .", "This microorganism is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater , such as ponds , lakes , rivers , and hot springs .", "It is also found in the soil near warm - water discharges of industrial plants , and in unchlorinated or minimally - chlorinated swimming pools .", "It can be seen in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Naegleria fowleri , colloquially known as the `` brain - eating amoeba '' , is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater , such as ponds , lakes , rivers , and hot springs .It is also found in the soil near warm - water discharges of industrial plants , and in unchlorinated or minimally - chlorinated swimming pools .It can be seen in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage .", "selected_sentences": [ "Naegleria fowleri , colloquially known as the `` brain - eating amoeba '' , is a species of the genus Naegleria , belonging to the phylum Percolozoa .", "This microorganism is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater , such as ponds , lakes , rivers , and hot springs .", "It is also found in the soil near warm - water discharges of industrial plants , and in unchlorinated or minimally - chlorinated swimming pools .", "It can be seen in either an amoeboid or temporary flagellate stage ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Naegleria fowleri, colloquially known as the ``brain eating amoeba'', is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater, such as ponds, lakes, rivers and hot springs. It is also found in the soil near warm water discharges of industrial plants and in unchlorinated or minimally-chlorinated swimming pools.", "selected_sentences": [ "Naegleria fowleri , colloquially known as the `` brain - eating amoeba '' , is a species of the genus Naegleria , belonging to the phylum Percolozoa .", "This microorganism is typically found in bodies of warm freshwater , such as ponds , lakes , rivers , and hot springs .", "It is also found in the soil near warm - water discharges of industrial plants , and in unchlorinated or minimally - chlorinated swimming pools ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Yellow Wallpaper", "text": "In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman portrays the narrator 's insanity as a way to protest the medical and professional oppression against women at the time . While under the impression that husbands and male doctors were acting with their best interests in mind , women were depicted as mentally weak and fragile . At the time women 's rights advocates believed that the outbreak of women being diagnosed as mentally ill was the manifestation of their setbacks regarding the roles they were allowed to play in a male - dominated society . Women were even discouraged from writing , because their writing would ultimately create an identity and become a form of defiance for them . Gilman realized that writing became one of the only forms of existence for women at a time where they had very few rights . ", "sentences": [ "In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman portrays the narrator 's insanity as a way to protest the medical and professional oppression against women at the time .", "While under the impression that husbands and male doctors were acting with their best interests in mind , women were depicted as mentally weak and fragile .", "At the time women 's rights advocates believed that the outbreak of women being diagnosed as mentally ill was the manifestation of their setbacks regarding the roles they were allowed to play in a male - dominated society .", "Women were even discouraged from writing , because their writing would ultimately create an identity and become a form of defiance for them .", "Gilman realized that writing became one of the only forms of existence for women at a time where they had very few rights ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman portrays the narrator's insanity as a way to protest the medical and professional oppression against women at the time. While under the impression that husbands and male doctors were acting with their best interests in mind, women were depicted as mentally weak and fragile. Gilman realized that writing became one of the only forms of existence for women at a time where they had very few rights.", "selected_sentences": [ "In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman portrays the narrator 's insanity as a way to protest the medical and professional oppression against women at the time .", "While under the impression that husbands and male doctors were acting with their best interests in mind , women were depicted as mentally weak and fragile .", "Gilman realized that writing became one of the only forms of existence for women at a time where they had very few rights ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman portrays the narrator's insanity as a way to protest the medical and professional oppression against women at the time.", "selected_sentences": [ "In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman portrays the narrator 's insanity as a way to protest the medical and professional oppression against women at the time ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The City of Ember", "text": "As the book stats off a coalition of architects , scientists , and doctors known as `` The Builders '' have assembled Ember , a subterranean city with supplies for its inhabitants to survive at least 200 years , to elude an impending disaster . They handed the first mayor of the city a locked box , holding instructions for the city 's inhabitants , to be passed down from one mayor to the next . This passage continues until the seventh mayor who , in search of a cure for a deadly cough tries multiple times to break it open but fails each time , then dies before he can return the box to its rightful place or inform anyone else of its importance . Two hundred forty - one years after Ember is established , the city ′ s supplies are in danger of exhaustion and its hydroelectric generator is in decay . At their graduation ceremony , young people are assigned their jobs : Lina Mayfleet is assigned the job of `` Pipeworks Laborer '' and Doon Harrow is given the job of `` Messenger . '' However , both are displeased with their assigned jobs so they exchange their assignments in secret . Lina 's younger sister , Poppy , exposes the instructions left by the Builders , but in teething leaves them almost illegible . Later , Lina asks Doon to help her reconstruct the paper . After much trial and error , she and Doon decipher the instructions from the Builders , which inform them of how to exit the city of Ember . Lina 's grandmother dies shortly afterward , and Lina and Poppy move in with a neighbor , Mrs. Murdo . At work , Doon discovers that the mayor of Ember and a storeroom worker named Looper have been stealing supplies , and he and Lina report the crime . Upon following the instructions given in the note , they discover boats and candles meant for use in the exodus . On their return to Ember , they learn that the mayor has declared them fugitives from the law . Lina is arrested and taken to the mayor , who threatens to throw her in jail . Suddenly , a blackout occurs and allows her to escape without being seen . Lina , Doon , and Poppy escape in a boat through the river that supplies Ember 's electricity . When the boat stops , they learn the origin of Ember from a diary left by one of its original colonists . Shortly after they are faced with a very steep climb and emerge onto the surface where they see their city from above and realize for the first time that Ember is underground . They throw a rock with instructions tied to it down to the city in hope that the people of Ember will escape . The novel ends with Mrs. Murdo finding the message on the street . ", "sentences": [ "As the book stats off a coalition of architects , scientists , and doctors known as `` The Builders '' have assembled Ember , a subterranean city with supplies for its inhabitants to survive at least 200 years , to elude an impending disaster .", "They handed the first mayor of the city a locked box , holding instructions for the city 's inhabitants , to be passed down from one mayor to the next .", "This passage continues until the seventh mayor who , in search of a cure for a deadly cough tries multiple times to break it open but fails each time , then dies before he can return the box to its rightful place or inform anyone else of its importance .", "Two hundred forty - one years after Ember is established , the city ′ s supplies are in danger of exhaustion and its hydroelectric generator is in decay .", "At their graduation ceremony , young people are assigned their jobs : Lina Mayfleet is assigned the job of `` Pipeworks Laborer '' and Doon Harrow is given the job of `` Messenger . ''", "However , both are displeased with their assigned jobs so they exchange their assignments in secret .", "Lina 's younger sister , Poppy , exposes the instructions left by the Builders , but in teething leaves them almost illegible .", "Later , Lina asks Doon to help her reconstruct the paper .", "After much trial and error , she and Doon decipher the instructions from the Builders , which inform them of how to exit the city of Ember .", "Lina 's grandmother dies shortly afterward , and Lina and Poppy move in with a neighbor , Mrs. Murdo .", "At work , Doon discovers that the mayor of Ember and a storeroom worker named Looper have been stealing supplies , and he and Lina report the crime .", "Upon following the instructions given in the note , they discover boats and candles meant for use in the exodus .", "On their return to Ember , they learn that the mayor has declared them fugitives from the law .", "Lina is arrested and taken to the mayor , who threatens to throw her in jail .", "Suddenly , a blackout occurs and allows her to escape without being seen .", "Lina , Doon , and Poppy escape in a boat through the river that supplies Ember 's electricity .", "When the boat stops , they learn the origin of Ember from a diary left by one of its original colonists .", "Shortly after they are faced with a very steep climb and emerge onto the surface where they see their city from above and realize for the first time that Ember is underground .", "They throw a rock with instructions tied to it down to the city in hope that the people of Ember will escape .", "The novel ends with Mrs. Murdo finding the message on the street ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The City of Ember has a river that supplies Ember's electricity with a hydroelectric generator.", "selected_sentences": [ "Two hundred forty - one years after Ember is established , the city ′ s supplies are in danger of exhaustion and its hydroelectric generator is in decay .", "Lina , Doon , and Poppy escape in a boat through the river that supplies Ember 's electricity ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Way It Is (song)", "text": "`` The Way It Is '' is a song by American rock group Bruce Hornsby and the Range . It was released in August 1986 as the second single from their debut album The Way It Is . It topped the charts in the United States , Canada and the Netherlands in 1986 , and peaked inside the top twenty in such countries as Ireland , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . Written by Bruce Hornsby , it made explicit reference to the Civil Rights Movement . Musically , the song is characterized by two long piano solos . ", "sentences": [ "`` The Way It Is '' is a song by American rock group Bruce Hornsby and the Range .", "It was released in August 1986 as the second single from their debut album", "The Way It Is .", "It topped the charts in the United States , Canada and the Netherlands in 1986 , and peaked inside the top twenty in such countries as Ireland , Switzerland and the United Kingdom .", "Written by Bruce Hornsby , it made explicit reference to the Civil Rights Movement .", "Musically , the song is characterized by two long piano solos ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song \"The Way It Is\" is written by Bruce Hornsby, making explicit reference to the Civil Rights Movement.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The Way It Is '' is a song by American rock group Bruce Hornsby and the Range .", "Written by Bruce Hornsby , it made explicit reference to the Civil Rights Movement ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The song \"The Way It Is\" was written by Bruce Hornsby.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` The Way It Is '' is a song by American rock group Bruce Hornsby and the Range .", "Written by Bruce Hornsby , it made explicit reference to the Civil Rights Movement ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gun laws in Alabama", "text": "Alabama shall issue a license , unlimited , to applicants who are residents of the county in which they apply , who do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions , who are suitable persons . All Alabama county sheriffs , as of 2013 , issue licenses to all `` suitable persons . '' The law requires applicants to be residents , so they do not issue licenses to non-residents . The license is valid to carry a handgun in a vehicle or concealed on or about one 's person within the State . Licenses are valid for up to five years at a time . Alabama honors licenses issued by any state that also honors Alabama 's licenses , provided that the license holder is not a resident of Alabama . ", "sentences": [ "Alabama shall issue a license , unlimited , to applicants who are residents of the county in which they apply , who do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions , who are suitable persons .", "All Alabama county sheriffs , as of 2013 , issue licenses to all `` suitable persons . ''", "The law requires applicants to be residents , so they do not issue licenses to non-residents .", "The license is valid to carry a handgun in a vehicle or concealed on or about one 's person within the State .", "Licenses are valid for up to five years at a time .", "Alabama honors licenses issued by any state that also honors Alabama 's licenses , provided that the license holder is not a resident of Alabama ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Alabama shall issue a license, unlimited, to applicants who are residents of the county in which they apply, who do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions, who are suitable persons.\r\nThe license is valid to carry a handgun in a vehicle or concealed on or about one's person within the State.", "selected_sentences": [ "Alabama shall issue a license , unlimited , to applicants who are residents of the county in which they apply , who do not have any disqualifying criminal convictions , who are suitable persons .", "The license is valid to carry a handgun in a vehicle or concealed on or about one 's person within the State ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lips of an Angel", "text": "The lyrics deal with the singer describing his feelings when his favored girlfriend from his past calls late at night , somewhat pleasantly interrupting his current relationship . More than once , a reference to the call being secret is made , and the singer expresses concern of a fight ensuing as a result . The song concludes just as it began , with the singer questioning to why she is calling so late . However , at the end , it is less literal and more figurative , with the underlying meaning of `` so late '' not at night , but too late in life , perhaps adding an element of sadness to the song , as it ends with the plot unresolved . According to a radio interview done in Atlanta , Georgia the lyrics are loosely based on an actual phone call incident that did happen . ", "sentences": [ "The lyrics deal with the singer describing his feelings when his favored girlfriend from his past calls late at night , somewhat pleasantly interrupting his current relationship .", "More than once , a reference to the call being secret is made , and the singer expresses concern of a fight ensuing as a result .", "The song concludes just as it began , with the singer questioning to why she is calling so late .", "However , at the end , it is less literal and more figurative , with the underlying meaning of `` so late '' not at night , but too late in life , perhaps adding an element of sadness to the song , as it ends with the plot unresolved .", "According to a radio interview done in Atlanta , Georgia the lyrics are loosely based on an actual phone call incident that did happen ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Lips of an Angel lyrics deal with the singer describing his feelings when his favored girlfriend from his past calls late at night , somewhat pleasantly interrupting his current relationship .However , at the end , it is less literal and more figurative , with the underlying meaning of `` so late '' not at night , but too late in life , perhaps adding an element of sadness to the song , as it ends with the plot unresolved .", "selected_sentences": [ "The lyrics deal with the singer describing his feelings when his favored girlfriend from his past calls late at night , somewhat pleasantly interrupting his current relationship .", "However , at the end , it is less literal and more figurative , with the underlying meaning of `` so late '' not at night , but too late in life , perhaps adding an element of sadness to the song , as it ends with the plot unresolved ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Path (TV series)", "text": "The Meyerist compound was shot on location at Nyack , New York , redressed with influences from kibbutz living , collective farming , and production designer Russell Barnes 's experiences being raised on an island with limited resources . The two - story Lane home was built on a sound - stage . Almost all of the Peru scenes were shot in the area , including a New York state park used for a mountaintop scene with subtropical plants concealing uncleared snow . The City Center is `` played '' by the Church House of the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church Complex . The New Brunswick scenes in `` Mercy '' were filmed in Greenport , Long Island . Jean - Paul 's palatial home and estate in `` The Gardens of Giverny '' were `` played '' by the Oheka Castle on Long Island . ", "sentences": [ "The Meyerist compound was shot on location at Nyack , New York , redressed with influences from kibbutz living , collective farming , and production designer Russell Barnes 's experiences being raised on an island with limited resources .", "The two - story Lane home was built on a sound - stage .", "Almost all of the Peru scenes were shot in the area , including a New York state park used for a mountaintop scene with subtropical plants concealing uncleared snow .", "The City Center is `` played '' by the Church House of the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church Complex .", "The New Brunswick scenes in `` Mercy '' were filmed in Greenport , Long Island .", "Jean - Paul 's palatial home and estate in `` The Gardens of Giverny '' were `` played '' by the Oheka Castle on Long Island ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The show was shot on location in Nyack, New York, a New York state park, the Church House of the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church Complex, Greenport, Long Island and the Oheka Castle on Long Island.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Meyerist compound was shot on location at Nyack , New York , redressed with influences from kibbutz living , collective farming , and production designer Russell Barnes 's experiences being raised on an island with limited resources .", "Almost all of the Peru scenes were shot in the area , including a New York state park used for a mountaintop scene with subtropical plants concealing uncleared snow .", "The City Center is `` played '' by the Church House of the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church Complex .", "The New Brunswick scenes in `` Mercy '' were filmed in Greenport , Long Island .", "Jean - Paul 's palatial home and estate in `` The Gardens of Giverny '' were `` played '' by the Oheka Castle on Long Island ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Fox and the Hound", "text": "With the bear gone , a bewildered Copper approaches Tod as he lies exhausted near the bank of a waterfall - created lake . When Amos appears , Copper positions himself in front of Tod to prevent his owner from shooting him , refusing to move away . Amos lowers his gun and leaves with Copper . Tod and Copper share one last smile before parting . At home , Tweed nurses Amos back to health while the dogs rest . Copper , before resting , smiles as he remembers the day when he first met Tod . On a hill , Vixey joins Tod as they look down on the homes of Amos and Tweed . ", "sentences": [ "With the bear gone , a bewildered Copper approaches Tod as he lies exhausted near the bank of a waterfall - created lake .", "When Amos appears , Copper positions himself in front of Tod to prevent his owner from shooting him , refusing to move away .", "Amos lowers his gun and leaves with Copper .", "Tod and Copper share one last smile before parting .", "At home , Tweed nurses Amos back to health while the dogs rest .", "Copper , before resting , smiles as he remembers the day when he first met Tod .", "On a hill , Vixey joins Tod as they look down on the homes of Amos and Tweed ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Amos leaves with Copper and at home Tweed nurses Amos back to health while the dogs rest. On a hill, Vixey joins Tod as they look down on the homes of Amos and Tweed.", "selected_sentences": [ "Amos lowers his gun and leaves with Copper .", "At home , Tweed nurses Amos back to health while the dogs rest .", "On a hill , Vixey joins Tod as they look down on the homes of Amos and Tweed ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "I Wanna Be Down", "text": "The original clip for `` I Wanna Be Down '' was directed by Keith Ward and premiered prior to the single 's official release in September 1994 . The video portrays Brandy in her tomboy image , dancing in front of a jeep near a forest , flanked by several dancers . Her first video shooting , Norwood called the filming a great experience . `` I was so excited about the video '' , she said . `` I got a chance to work with some great people like Frank Gatson . All my friends were in the video . My brother was in the video ( ... ) He was there and we had this little dance , and that became really popular . That was a fun time . I was so excited because my dream was coming through right before my eyes ... at the age of 15 '' . ", "sentences": [ "The original clip for `` I Wanna Be Down '' was directed by Keith Ward and premiered prior to the single 's official release in September 1994 .", "The video portrays Brandy in her tomboy image , dancing in front of a jeep near a forest , flanked by several dancers .", "Her first video shooting , Norwood called the filming a great experience .", "`` I was so excited about the video '' , she said .", "`` I got a chance to work with some great people like Frank Gatson .", "All my friends were in the video .", "My brother was in the video ( ... )", "He was there and we had this little dance , and that became really popular .", "That was a fun time .", "I was so excited because my dream was coming through right before my eyes ... at the age of 15 '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The video \"I Wanna Be Down\" portrays Brandy in her tomboy image. She said, \"My brother was in the video. He was there and we had this little dance and that became really popular.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "The video portrays Brandy in her tomboy image , dancing in front of a jeep near a forest , flanked by several dancers .", "`` I was so excited about the video '' , she said .", "My brother was in the video ( ... )", "He was there and we had this little dance , and that became really popular ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The video \"I Wanna Be Down\" portrays Brandy in her tomboy image.", "selected_sentences": [ "The video portrays Brandy in her tomboy image , dancing in front of a jeep near a forest , flanked by several dancers .", "`` I was so excited about the video '' , she said .", "My brother was in the video ( ... )", "He was there and we had this little dance , and that became really popular ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Alcohol laws of Kansas", "text": "Sales are prohibited on Memorial Day , Independence Day , Labor Day , Easter , Thanksgiving and Christmas unless the local unit of government has voted to allow Sunday Sales . If Sunday Sales are allowed , sales are prohibited only on Easter Sunday , Christmas and Thanksgiving . Sales are prohibited between 11 : 00 PM and 9 : 00 AM . Cities and counties which allow off - premises sales are prohibited from allowing Sunday liquor sales after 8 : 00 PM , but may not require retail liquor stores to close before 8 : 00 PM on other days . No sales are allowed at less than cost . All employees must be at least 21 years of age . ", "sentences": [ "Sales are prohibited on Memorial Day , Independence Day , Labor Day , Easter , Thanksgiving and Christmas unless the local unit of government has voted to allow Sunday Sales .", "If Sunday Sales are allowed , sales are prohibited only on Easter Sunday , Christmas and Thanksgiving .", "Sales are prohibited between 11 : 00 PM and 9 : 00 AM .", "Cities and counties which allow off - premises sales are prohibited from allowing Sunday liquor sales after 8 : 00 PM , but may not require retail liquor stores to close before 8 : 00 PM on other days .", "No sales are allowed at less than cost .", "All employees must be at least 21 years of age ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Sales are prohibited on Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Easter, Thanksgiving and Christmas unless the local unit of government has voted to allow Sunday Sales. Sales are prohibited between 11 : 00 PM and 9 : 00 AM. \r\n Cities and counties which allow off-premises sales are prohibited from allowing Sunday liquor sales after\r\n 8 : 00 PM, but may not require retail liquor stores to close before 8 : 00 PM on other days.", "selected_sentences": [ "Sales are prohibited on Memorial Day , Independence Day , Labor Day , Easter , Thanksgiving and Christmas unless the local unit of government has voted to allow Sunday Sales .", "Sales are prohibited between 11 : 00 PM and 9 : 00 AM .", "Cities and counties which allow off - premises sales are prohibited from allowing Sunday liquor sales after 8 : 00 PM , but may not require retail liquor stores to close before 8 : 00 PM on other days ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Howard (surname)", "text": "Howard is a common English language surname . Its origins are uncertain . One theory is that it derived from the French personal name Huard and Houard ( compare the Anglo - Norman spellings of coward for French couard ; tower for tour ) adapting after the Norman Conquest of 1066 . Another theory is that its origin may be pre 7th century Germanic from the personal name Hughard ( prefix hug , meaning `` heart '' / `` spirit '' ; suffix hard , meaning `` hardy '' / `` brave '' ) . Yet another theory is that the surname derived from the Anglo - Scandinavian personal name Haward ( Old Norse Hávarðr , Old Danish Hawarth , element Há ( r ) `` high '' or hǫð `` battle '' ; element varðr , meaning `` guardian '' ) . The first public record of the surname is dated 1221 in Cambridgeshire . There are several variant surname spellings . ", "sentences": [ "Howard is a common English language surname .", "Its origins are uncertain .", "One theory is that it derived from the French personal name Huard and Houard ( compare the Anglo - Norman spellings of coward for French couard ; tower for tour ) adapting after the Norman Conquest of 1066 .", "Another theory is that its origin may be pre 7th century Germanic from the personal name Hughard ( prefix hug , meaning `` heart '' / `` spirit '' ; suffix hard , meaning `` hardy '' / `` brave '' ) .", "Yet another theory is that the surname derived from the Anglo - Scandinavian personal name Haward ( Old Norse Hávarðr , Old Danish Hawarth , element Há ( r ) `` high '' or hǫð `` battle '' ; element varðr , meaning `` guardian '' ) .", "The first public record of the surname is dated 1221 in Cambridgeshire .", "There are several variant surname spellings ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Howard - the name's origins are uncertain. There are several variant surname spellings.", "selected_sentences": [ "Its origins are uncertain .", "There are several variant surname spellings ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Howard - the name's origins are uncertain. Theories are that it derived from the French Huard, the Germanic Hughhard or the Scandinavian Haward.", "selected_sentences": [ "Its origins are uncertain .", "One theory is that it derived from the French personal name Huard and Houard ( compare the Anglo - Norman spellings of coward for French couard ; tower for tour ) adapting after the Norman Conquest of 1066 .", "Another theory is that its origin may be pre 7th century Germanic from the personal name Hughard ( prefix hug , meaning `` heart '' / `` spirit '' ; suffix hard , meaning `` hardy '' / `` brave '' ) .", "Yet another theory is that the surname derived from the Anglo - Scandinavian personal name Haward ( Old Norse Hávarðr , Old Danish Hawarth , element Há ( r ) `` high '' or hǫð `` battle '' ; element varðr , meaning `` guardian '' ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kargil War", "text": "Pakistan army losses have been difficult to determine . Pakistan confirmed that 453 soldiers were killed . The US Department of State had made an early , partial estimate of close to 700 fatalities . According to numbers stated by Nawaz Sharif there were over 4,000 fatalities . His PML ( N ) party in its `` white paper '' on the war mentioned that more than 3,000 Mujahideens , officers and soldiers were killed . Another major Pakistani political party , the Pakistan Peoples Party , also says that `` thousands '' of soldiers and irregulars died . Indian estimates stand at 1,042 Pakistani soldiers killed . Musharraf , in his Hindi version of his memoirs , titled `` Agnipath '' , differs from all the estimates stating that 357 troops were killed with a further 665 wounded . Apart from General Musharraf 's figure on the number of Pakistanis wounded , the number of people injured in the Pakistan camp is not yet fully known although they are at least more than 400 according to Pakistan army 's website . One Indian pilot was officially captured during the fighting , while there were eight Pakistani soldiers who were captured during the fighting , and were repatriated on 13 August 1999 . India gave its official casualty figures as 527 dead and 1,363 wounded . ", "sentences": [ "Pakistan army losses have been difficult to determine .", "Pakistan confirmed that 453 soldiers were killed .", "The US Department of State had made an early , partial estimate of close to 700 fatalities .", "According to numbers stated by Nawaz Sharif there were over 4,000 fatalities .", "His PML ( N ) party in its `` white paper '' on the war mentioned that more than 3,000 Mujahideens , officers and soldiers were killed .", "Another major Pakistani political party , the Pakistan Peoples Party , also says that `` thousands '' of soldiers and irregulars died .", "Indian estimates stand at 1,042 Pakistani soldiers killed .", "Musharraf , in his Hindi version of his memoirs , titled `` Agnipath '' , differs from all the estimates stating that 357 troops were killed with a further 665 wounded .", "Apart from General Musharraf 's figure on the number of Pakistanis wounded , the number of people injured in the Pakistan camp is not yet fully known although they are at least more than 400 according to Pakistan army 's website .", "One Indian pilot was officially captured during the fighting , while there were eight Pakistani soldiers who were captured during the fighting , and were repatriated on 13 August 1999 .", "India gave its official casualty figures as 527 dead and 1,363 wounded ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Pakistan confirmed that 453 soldiers were killed in the Kargil War. The US Department of State made an estimate of close to 700 fatalities. Indian estimates stand at 1,042 Pakistani soldiers killed. India gave its official casualty figures as 527 dead and 1,363 wounded.", "selected_sentences": [ "Pakistan confirmed that 453 soldiers were killed .", "The US Department of State had made an early , partial estimate of close to 700 fatalities .", "Indian estimates stand at 1,042 Pakistani soldiers killed .", "India gave its official casualty figures as 527 dead and 1,363 wounded ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Oral storytelling", "text": "It is likely that oral storytelling has been around as long as human language . Storytelling fulfills the need for human beings to cast their experiences in narrative form . Our ancestors probably gathered around the evening fires and expressed their fears , their beliefs and their heroism through oral narratives . This long tradition of storytelling is evident in ancient cultures such as the Australian Aborigines . Community storytelling offered the security of explanation ; how life and its many forms began and why things happen , as well as entertainment and enchantment . Communities were strengthened and maintained through stories that connected the present , the past and the future . ", "sentences": [ "It is likely that oral storytelling has been around as long as human language .", "Storytelling fulfills the need for human beings to cast their experiences in narrative form .", "Our ancestors probably gathered around the evening fires and expressed their fears , their beliefs and their heroism through oral narratives .", "This long tradition of storytelling is evident in ancient cultures such as the Australian Aborigines .", "Community storytelling offered the security of explanation ; how life and its many forms began and why things happen , as well as entertainment and enchantment .", "Communities were strengthened and maintained through stories that connected the present , the past and the future ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Most likely oral storytelling has been around as long as human language.\r\nOur ancestors probably gathered around the evening fires and expressed their fears, their beliefs and their heroism through oral narratives.", "selected_sentences": [ "It is likely that oral storytelling has been around as long as human language .", "Our ancestors probably gathered around the evening fires and expressed their fears , their beliefs and their heroism through oral narratives ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Medical device", "text": "Class I devices are subject to the least regulatory control . Class I devices are subject to `` General Controls '' as are Class II and Class III devices . General controls include provisions that relate to adulteration ; misbranding ; device registration and listing ; premarket notification ; banned devices ; notification , including repair , replacement , or refund ; records and reports ; restricted devices ; and good manufacturing practices . Class I devices are not intended to help support or sustain life or be substantially important in preventing impairment to human health , and may not present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury . Most Class I devices are exempt from the premarket notification and a few are also exempted from most good manufacturing practices regulation . Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages , examination gloves , and hand - held surgical instruments . Class ", "sentences": [ "Class I devices are subject to the least regulatory control .", "Class I devices are subject to `` General Controls '' as are Class II and Class III devices .", "General controls include provisions that relate to adulteration ; misbranding ; device registration and listing ; premarket notification ; banned devices ; notification , including repair , replacement , or refund ; records and reports ; restricted devices ; and good manufacturing practices .", "Class I devices are not intended to help support or sustain life or be substantially important in preventing impairment to human health , and may not present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury .", "Most Class I devices are exempt from the premarket notification and a few are also exempted from most good manufacturing practices regulation .", "Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages , examination gloves , and hand - held surgical instruments .", "Class" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Class I devices are not intended to help support or sustain life. Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages, examination gloves and hand-held surgical instruments.", "selected_sentences": [ "Class I devices are not intended to help support or sustain life or be substantially important in preventing impairment to human health , and may not present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury .", "Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages , examination gloves , and hand - held surgical instruments ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Class I devices are subject to \"General Controls\" and they are not intended to help support or sustain life or be substantially important in preventing impairment to human health , and may not present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury. Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages , examination gloves , and hand - held surgical instruments .", "selected_sentences": [ "Class I devices are subject to `` General Controls '' as are Class II and Class III devices .", "Class I devices are not intended to help support or sustain life or be substantially important in preventing impairment to human health , and may not present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury .", "Examples of Class I devices include elastic bandages , examination gloves , and hand - held surgical instruments ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "United States presidential line of succession", "text": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) . The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices . The succession follows the order of vice president , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States . The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation . Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as president are also ineligible to succeed the president by succession , for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen . ", "sentences": [ "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) .", "The line of succession is set by the United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 as subsequently amended to include newly created cabinet offices .", "The succession follows the order of vice president , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States .", "The Cabinet currently has fifteen members , beginning with the Secretary of State , and followed by the rest in the order of their positions ' creation .", "Those heads of department who are ineligible to act as president are also ineligible to succeed the president by succession , for example most commonly if they are not a natural - born U.S. citizen ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office. The succession follows the order of vice president , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States .", "selected_sentences": [ "The United States presidential line of succession is the order in which persons may become or act as President of the United States if the incumbent president becomes incapacitated , dies , resigns , or is removed from office ( by impeachment by the House of Representatives and subsequent conviction by the Senate ) .", "The succession follows the order of vice president , Speaker of the House of Representatives , President pro tempore of the Senate , and then the heads of federal executive departments who form the Cabinet of the United States ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Taxman", "text": "McCartney 's guitar solo uses what musicologist Alan W. Pollack describes as `` fast triplets , exotic modal touches , and a melodic shape which traverses several octaves and ends with a breathtaking upward flourish '' . Walter Everett considers that the solo is in the same Dorian mode that Harrison had adapted for his sitar part in `` Love You To '' . In 1987 , Harrison stated : `` I was pleased to have Paul play that bit on ' Taxman ' . If you notice , he did like a little Indian bit on it for me . '' Ian MacDonald writes that , while Harrison was `` rightly praised '' for his composition , the track benefits from the whole group 's creativity . MacDonald highlights McCartney 's contributions , saying his guitar solo is `` outstanding '' and his bass part is `` remarkable '' . ", "sentences": [ "McCartney 's guitar solo uses what musicologist Alan W. Pollack describes as `` fast triplets , exotic modal touches , and a melodic shape which traverses several octaves and ends with a breathtaking upward flourish '' .", "Walter Everett considers that the solo is in the same Dorian mode that Harrison had adapted for his sitar part in `` Love You To '' .", "In 1987 , Harrison stated : `` I was pleased to have Paul play that bit on ' Taxman ' .", "If you notice , he did like a little Indian bit on it for me . ''", "Ian MacDonald writes that , while Harrison was `` rightly praised '' for his composition , the track benefits from the whole group 's creativity .", "MacDonald highlights McCartney 's contributions , saying his guitar solo is `` outstanding '' and his bass part is `` remarkable '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "McCartney 's guitar solo uses what musicologist Alan W. Pollack describes as `` fast triplets , exotic modal touches , and a melodic shape which traverses several octaves and ends with a breathtaking upward flourish '' . In 1987 , Harrison stated : `` I was pleased to have Paul play that bit on ' Taxman ' .", "selected_sentences": [ "McCartney 's guitar solo uses what musicologist Alan W. Pollack describes as `` fast triplets , exotic modal touches , and a melodic shape which traverses several octaves and ends with a breathtaking upward flourish '' .", "In 1987 , Harrison stated : `` I was pleased to have Paul play that bit on ' Taxman ' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Brown Sugar (The Rolling Stones song)", "text": "Though credited , like most of their compositions , to the singer / guitarist pair of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards , the song was primarily the work of Jagger , who wrote it sometime during the filming of Ned Kelly in 1969 . Originally recorded over a three - day period at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama , from 2 to 4 December 1969 , the song was not released until over a year later due to legal wranglings with the band 's former label , though at the request of guitarist Mick Taylor , they debuted the number live during the infamous concert at Altamont on 6 December . The song was written by Jagger with Marsha Hunt in mind ; Hunt was Jagger 's secret girlfriend and mother of his first child Karis . It is also claimed it was written with Claudia Lennear in mind . Lennear made this claim on BBC 's Radio 4 ( 25 February 2014 , Today ) , saying that it was written with her in mind because at the time when it was written , Mick Jagger used to hang around with her . ", "sentences": [ "Though credited , like most of their compositions , to the singer / guitarist pair of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards , the song was primarily the work of Jagger , who wrote it sometime during the filming of Ned Kelly in 1969 .", "Originally recorded over a three - day period at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield , Alabama , from 2 to 4 December 1969 , the song was not released until over a year later due to legal wranglings with the band 's former label , though at the request of guitarist Mick Taylor , they debuted the number live during the infamous concert at Altamont on 6 December .", "The song was written by Jagger with Marsha Hunt in mind ; Hunt was Jagger 's secret girlfriend and mother of his first child Karis .", "It is also claimed it was written with Claudia Lennear in mind .", "Lennear made this claim on BBC 's Radio 4 ( 25 February 2014 , Today ) , saying that it was written with her in mind because at the time when it was written , Mick Jagger used to hang around with her ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song was written by Jagger with Marsha Hunt in mind; Hunt was Jagger's secret girlfriend and mother of his first child Karis. In addition Claudia Lennear made the claim on BBC 's Radio 4, saying that the song was written with her in mind because at the time when it was written, Mick Jagger used to hang around with her.", "selected_sentences": [ "The song was written by Jagger with Marsha Hunt in mind ; Hunt was Jagger 's secret girlfriend and mother of his first child Karis .", "Lennear made this claim on BBC 's Radio 4 ( 25 February 2014 , Today ) , saying that it was written with her in mind because at the time when it was written , Mick Jagger used to hang around with her ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of McDonald's", "text": "The McDonald family moved from Manchester , New Hampshire to Hollywood , California in the late 1930s , where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion - Picture studios . In 1937 , their father Patrick McDonald opened `` The Airdrome '' , a food stand , on Huntington Drive ( Route 66 ) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia , California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold . Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all - you - can - drink orange juice at five cents . In 1940 , Maurice and Richard ( `` Mac '' and `` Dick '' ) moved the entire building 40 miles ( 64 km ) east , to West 14th and 1398 North E Streets in San Bernardino , California . The restaurant was renamed `` McDonald 's Bar - B - Que '' and had 25 menu items , mostly barbecue . ", "sentences": [ "The McDonald family moved from Manchester , New Hampshire to Hollywood , California in the late 1930s , where brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald began working as set movers and handymen at Motion - Picture studios .", "In 1937 , their father Patrick McDonald opened `` The Airdrome '' , a food stand , on Huntington Drive ( Route 66 ) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia , California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold .", "Hamburgers were later added to the menu at a cost of ten cents with all - you - can - drink orange juice at five cents .", "In 1940 , Maurice and Richard ( `` Mac '' and `` Dick '' ) moved the entire building 40 miles ( 64 km ) east , to West 14th and 1398 North E Streets in San Bernardino , California .", "The restaurant was renamed `` McDonald 's Bar - B - Que '' and had 25 menu items , mostly barbecue ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In 1937 , their father Patrick McDonald opened `` The Airdrome '' , a food stand , on Huntington Drive ( Route 66 ) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia. In 1940 , Maurice and Richard ( `` Mac '' and `` Dick '' ) moved the entire building 40 miles ( 64 km ) east , to West 14th and 1398 North E Streets in San Bernardino , California . The restaurant was renamed `` McDonald 's Bar - B - Que. ''", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1937 , their father Patrick McDonald opened `` The Airdrome '' , a food stand , on Huntington Drive ( Route 66 ) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia , California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold .", "In 1940 , Maurice and Richard ( `` Mac '' and `` Dick '' ) moved the entire building 40 miles ( 64 km ) east , to West 14th and 1398 North E Streets in San Bernardino , California .", "The restaurant was renamed `` McDonald 's Bar - B - Que '' and had 25 menu items , mostly barbecue ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In 1937, their father Patrick McDonald opened ``The Airdrome'', a food stand, on Huntington Drive in Monrovia. In 1940, Maurice and Richard moved the entire building 40 miles east to San Bernardino, California. The restaurant was renamed `'McDonald's Bar-B-Que''.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1937 , their father Patrick McDonald opened `` The Airdrome '' , a food stand , on Huntington Drive ( Route 66 ) near the Monrovia Airport in the Los Angeles County city of Monrovia , California with hot dogs being one of the first items sold .", "In 1940 , Maurice and Richard ( `` Mac '' and `` Dick '' ) moved the entire building 40 miles ( 64 km ) east , to West 14th and 1398 North E Streets in San Bernardino , California .", "The restaurant was renamed `` McDonald 's Bar - B - Que '' and had 25 menu items , mostly barbecue ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "It Is Well with My Soul", "text": "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life . The first was the death of his son at the age of two and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) . His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre . In a late change of plan , he sent the family ahead while he was delayed on business concerning zoning problems following the Great Chicago Fire . While crossing the Atlantic Ocean , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died . His wife Anna survived and sent him the now famous telegram , `` Saved alone ... '' . Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died . Bliss called his tune Ville du Havre , from the name of the stricken vessel . The ", "sentences": [ "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life .", "The first was the death of his son at the age of two and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) .", "His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre .", "In a late change of plan , he sent the family ahead while he was delayed on business concerning zoning problems following the Great Chicago Fire .", "While crossing the Atlantic Ocean , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died .", "His wife Anna survived and sent him the now famous telegram , `` Saved alone ... '' .", "Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died .", "Bliss called his tune Ville du Havre , from the name of the stricken vessel .", "The" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The hymn \"It Is Well with My Soul\" was written after traumatic events in Spafford's life. First was the death of his son at the age two, then the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 ruined him financially. He had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre. In a late change of plan, he sent the family ahead. The ship sank and all four of Spafford's daughters died. Shortly afterwards, as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife, he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died.", "selected_sentences": [ "This hymn was written after traumatic events in Spafford 's life .", "The first was the death of his son at the age of two and the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 , which ruined him financially ( he had been a successful lawyer and had invested significantly in property in the area of Chicago that was extensively damaged by the great fire ) .", "His business interests were further hit by the economic downturn of 1873 , at which time he had planned to travel to Europe with his family on the SS Ville du Havre .", "In a late change of plan , he sent the family ahead while he was delayed on business concerning zoning problems following the Great Chicago Fire .", "While crossing the Atlantic Ocean , the ship sank rapidly after a collision with a sea vessel , the Loch Earn , and all four of Spafford 's daughters died .", "Shortly afterwards , as Spafford traveled to meet his grieving wife , he was inspired to write these words as his ship passed near where his daughters had died ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", "text": "The LDS Church is organized in a hierarchical priesthood structure administered by men . Latter - day Saints believe that Jesus leads the church through revelation and has chosen a single man , called `` the Prophet '' or President of the Church , as his spokesman on the earth . While there have been exceptions in the past , he and two counselors are normally ordained apostles and form the First Presidency , the presiding body of the church ; twelve other apostles form the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles . When a president dies , his successor is invariably the most senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve ( the one who has been an apostle the longest ) , who reconstitutes a new First Presidency . Following the death of Thomas S. Monson on January 2 , 2018 , senior apostle Russell M. Nelson became the presumptive successor to the church presidency ; he formally was named president on January 14 . These men , and the other male members of the church - wide leadership ( including the first two Quorums of Seventy and the Presiding Bishopric ) are called general authorities . They exercise both ecclesiastical and administrative leadership over the church and direct the efforts of regional leaders down to the local level . General authorities and mission presidents work full - time and typically receive stipends from church funds or investments . ", "sentences": [ "The LDS Church is organized in a hierarchical priesthood structure administered by men .", "Latter - day Saints believe that Jesus leads the church through revelation and has chosen a single man , called `` the Prophet '' or President of the Church , as his spokesman on the earth .", "While there have been exceptions in the past , he and two counselors are normally ordained apostles and form the First Presidency , the presiding body of the church ; twelve other apostles form the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles .", "When a president dies , his successor is invariably the most senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve ( the one who has been an apostle the longest ) , who reconstitutes a new First Presidency .", "Following the death of Thomas S. Monson on January 2 , 2018 , senior apostle Russell M. Nelson became the presumptive successor to the church presidency ; he formally was named president on January 14 .", "These men , and the other male members of the church - wide leadership ( including the first two Quorums of Seventy and the Presiding Bishopric ) are called general authorities .", "They exercise both ecclesiastical and administrative leadership over the church and direct the efforts of regional leaders down to the local level .", "General authorities and mission presidents work full - time and typically receive stipends from church funds or investments ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The LDS Church is organized in a hierarchical priesthood structure administered by men . Latter - day Saints believe that Jesus leads the church through revelation and has chosen a single man , called `` the Prophet '' or President of the Church , as his spokesman on the earth .When a president dies , his successor is invariably the most senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve ( the one who has been an apostle the longest ) , who reconstitutes a new First Presidency .", "selected_sentences": [ "The LDS Church is organized in a hierarchical priesthood structure administered by men .", "Latter - day Saints believe that Jesus leads the church through revelation and has chosen a single man , called `` the Prophet '' or President of the Church , as his spokesman on the earth .", "When a president dies , his successor is invariably the most senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve ( the one who has been an apostle the longest ) , who reconstitutes a new First Presidency ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The LDS Church is organized in a hierarchical priesthood structure administered by men. Latter day Saints believe that Jesus leads the church through revelation and has chosen a single man, called ``the Prophet'' or President of the Church, as his spokesman on the earth. When a president dies, his successor is invariably the most senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve (the one who has been an apostle the longest), who reconstitutes a new First Presidency. The first two Quorums of Seventy and the Presiding Bishopric are called general authorities.", "selected_sentences": [ "The LDS Church is organized in a hierarchical priesthood structure administered by men .", "Latter - day Saints believe that Jesus leads the church through revelation and has chosen a single man , called `` the Prophet '' or President of the Church , as his spokesman on the earth .", "When a president dies , his successor is invariably the most senior member of the Quorum of the Twelve ( the one who has been an apostle the longest ) , who reconstitutes a new First Presidency .", "These men , and the other male members of the church - wide leadership ( including the first two Quorums of Seventy and the Presiding Bishopric ) are called general authorities ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Red-tailed hawk", "text": "The red - tailed hawk commonly employs one of two hunting techniques . Often , they scan for prey activity from an elevated perch site , swooping down from the perch to seize the prey . They also watch for prey while flying , either capturing a bird in flight or pursuing prey on the ground until they can pin them down in their talons . Red - tailed hawks , like some other raptors , have been observed to hunt in pairs . This may consist of stalking opposites sides of a tree , in order to surround a tree squirrel and almost inevitably drive the rodent to be captured by one after being flushed by the other hawk . They are opportunistically attracted to conspicuous meals , such as displaying male red - winged blackbirds . Juvenile ", "sentences": [ "The red - tailed hawk commonly employs one of two hunting techniques .", "Often , they scan for prey activity from an elevated perch site , swooping down from the perch to seize the prey .", "They also watch for prey while flying , either capturing a bird in flight or pursuing prey on the ground until they can pin them down in their talons .", "Red - tailed hawks , like some other raptors , have been observed to hunt in pairs .", "This may consist of stalking opposites sides of a tree , in order to surround a tree squirrel and almost inevitably drive the rodent to be captured by one after being flushed by the other hawk .", "They are opportunistically attracted to conspicuous meals , such as displaying male red - winged blackbirds .", "Juvenile" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The red tailed hawk commonly employs one of two hunting techniques. Often, they scan for prey activity from an elevated perch site, swooping down from the perch to seize the prey. They also have been observed to hunt in pairs. This may consist of stalking opposites sides of a tree, in order to surround a tree squirrel and almost inevitably drive the rodent to be captured by one after being flushed by the other hawk.", "selected_sentences": [ "The red - tailed hawk commonly employs one of two hunting techniques .", "Often , they scan for prey activity from an elevated perch site , swooping down from the perch to seize the prey .", "Red - tailed hawks , like some other raptors , have been observed to hunt in pairs .", "This may consist of stalking opposites sides of a tree , in order to surround a tree squirrel and almost inevitably drive the rodent to be captured by one after being flushed by the other hawk ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Often, they scan for prey activity from an elevated perch site, swooping down from the perch to seize the prey. They also watch for prey while flying , either capturing a bird in flight or pursuing prey on the ground until they can pin them down in their talons .", "selected_sentences": [ "The red - tailed hawk commonly employs one of two hunting techniques .", "Often , they scan for prey activity from an elevated perch site , swooping down from the perch to seize the prey .", "They also watch for prey while flying , either capturing a bird in flight or pursuing prey on the ground until they can pin them down in their talons .", "Red - tailed hawks , like some other raptors , have been observed to hunt in pairs .", "This may consist of stalking opposites sides of a tree , in order to surround a tree squirrel and almost inevitably drive the rodent to be captured by one after being flushed by the other hawk ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Anterior cruciate ligament", "text": "The ACL originates from deep within the notch of the distal femur . Its proximal fibers fan out along the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle . There are two bundles of the ACL -- the anteromedial and the posterolateral , named according to where the bundles insert into the tibial plateau . ( The tibia plateau is a critical weight - bearing region on the upper extremity of the tibia ) . The ACL attaches in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia , where it is blended with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus . ", "sentences": [ "The ACL originates from deep within the notch of the distal femur .", "Its proximal fibers fan out along the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle .", "There are two bundles of the ACL -- the anteromedial and the posterolateral , named according to where the bundles insert into the tibial plateau .", "( The tibia plateau is a critical weight - bearing region on the upper extremity of the tibia ) .", "The ACL attaches in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia , where it is blended with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The ACL originates from deep within the notch of the distal femur. Its proximal fibers fan out along the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle. There are two bundles of the ACL -- the anteromedial and the posterolateral and the ACL attaches in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia.", "selected_sentences": [ "The ACL originates from deep within the notch of the distal femur .", "Its proximal fibers fan out along the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle .", "There are two bundles of the ACL -- the anteromedial and the posterolateral , named according to where the bundles insert into the tibial plateau .", "The ACL attaches in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia , where it is blended with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jerry Van Dyke", "text": "In 1995 he appeared in a series of Hardee 's commercials to promote the Big Hardee , then in the late 1990s acted as the spokesperson for Big Lots . He appeared in Yes , Dear as Big Jimmy , the father of Jimmy Hughes . He made a guest appearance on a September 2008 episode of My Name Is Earl and in 2010 he made an appearance on the second - season episode , `` A Simple Christmas '' of the television series , The Middle , playing Frankie 's father , Tag Spence . He returned in `` Thanksgiving III '' in November 2011 , `` Thanksgiving IV '' in November 2012 , `` From Orson with Love '' in May 2013 , and `` Thanksgiving V '' in November 2013 . `` flirting with disaster '' in March 2015 Van Dyke also played the object of Maw Maw 's affections on the 18th episode of the first season of Raising Hope . In a December 2013 episode of The Millers he played Bud Miller , father to Margo Martindale 's character , Carol . In his final television role in April 2015 he reprised his role as Frankie 's father on The Middle , along with real - life brother Dick Van Dyke playing his character 's brother . ", "sentences": [ "In 1995 he appeared in a series of Hardee 's commercials to promote the Big Hardee , then in the late 1990s acted as the spokesperson for Big Lots .", "He appeared in", "Yes , Dear as Big Jimmy , the father of Jimmy Hughes .", "He made a guest appearance on a September 2008 episode of My Name Is Earl and in 2010 he made an appearance on the second - season episode , `` A Simple Christmas '' of the television series , The Middle , playing Frankie 's father , Tag Spence .", "He returned in `` Thanksgiving III '' in November 2011 , `` Thanksgiving IV '' in November 2012 , `` From Orson with Love '' in May 2013 , and `` Thanksgiving V '' in November 2013 .", "`` flirting with disaster '' in March 2015 Van Dyke also played the object of Maw Maw 's affections on the 18th episode of the first season of Raising Hope .", "In a December 2013 episode of The Millers he played Bud Miller , father to Margo Martindale 's character , Carol .", "In his final television role in April 2015 he reprised his role as Frankie 's father on The Middle , along with real - life brother Dick Van Dyke playing his character 's brother ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jerry Van Dyke made an appearance in 2010 on the second season episode, `` A Simple Christmas '' of the television series, The Middle, playing Frankie's father, Tag Spence.\r\nIn his final television role in April 2015 he again played Frankie's father on The Middle.", "selected_sentences": [ "He made a guest appearance on a September 2008 episode of My Name Is Earl and in 2010 he made an appearance on the second - season episode , `` A Simple Christmas '' of the television series , The Middle , playing Frankie 's father , Tag Spence .", "In his final television role in April 2015 he reprised his role as Frankie 's father on The Middle , along with real - life brother Dick Van Dyke playing his character 's brother ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Vietnam War", "text": "The Vietnam War ( Vietnamese : Chiến tranh Việt Nam ) , also known as the Second Indochina War , and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America ( Vietnamese : Kháng chiến chống Mỹ ) or simply the American War , was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam , Laos , and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975 . It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam . The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union , China , and other communist allies ; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States , South Korea , Australia , Thailand and other anti-communist allies . The war is considered a Cold War - era proxy war by some US perspectives . The majority of Americans believe the war was unjustified . The war would last roughly 19 years and would also form the Laotian Civil War as well as the Cambodian Civil War , which also saw all three countries become communist states in 1975 . ", "sentences": [ "The Vietnam War ( Vietnamese : Chiến tranh Việt Nam ) , also known as the Second Indochina War , and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America ( Vietnamese :", "Kháng chiến chống Mỹ ) or simply the American War , was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam , Laos , and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975 .", "It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam .", "The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union , China , and other communist allies ; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States , South Korea , Australia , Thailand and other anti-communist allies .", "The war is considered a Cold War - era proxy war by some US perspectives .", "The majority of Americans believe the war was unjustified .", "The war would last roughly 19 years and would also form the Laotian Civil War as well as the Cambodian Civil War , which also saw all three countries become communist states in 1975 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Vietnam War was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam . The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union , China , and other communist allies ; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States , South Korea , Australia , Thailand and other anti-communist allies .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Vietnam War ( Vietnamese : Chiến tranh Việt Nam ) , also known as the Second Indochina War , and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America ( Vietnamese :", "The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union , China , and other communist allies ; the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States , South Korea , Australia , Thailand and other anti-communist allies ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Prime Minister of Russia", "text": "The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Russian : Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации , translit . Predsedatel ' Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ) , colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister ( Russian : Премьер - министр , translit . Prem'yer - ministr ) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation . The official residence of the prime minister is Gorki - 9 in Odintsovsky District , Moscow Oblast , but his working residence is in Moscow ( Russian White House ) . Under Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law On the Government of the Russian Federation , `` heads the Government of the Russian Federation '' . The Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position in the government , after the President . ", "sentences": [ "The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Russian : Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации , translit .", "Predsedatel ' Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ) , colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister ( Russian : Премьер - министр , translit .", "Prem'yer - ministr ) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation .", "The official residence of the prime minister is Gorki - 9 in Odintsovsky District , Moscow Oblast , but his working residence is in Moscow ( Russian White House ) .", "Under Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law On the Government of the Russian Federation , `` heads the Government of the Russian Federation '' .", "The Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position in the government , after the President ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "After the President, the Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position and the second most powerful figure in the government.", "selected_sentences": [ "Prem'yer - ministr ) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation .", "The Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position in the government , after the President ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Russian Prime Minister is the head of the Russian government and is considered the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation after the President,", "selected_sentences": [ "Predsedatel ' Pravitel'stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ) , colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister ( Russian : Премьер - министр , translit .", "Prem'yer - ministr ) is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation .", "Under Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law On the Government of the Russian Federation , `` heads the Government of the Russian Federation '' .", "The Russian Prime Minister is considered the second highest position in the government , after the President ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Toba Tek Singh (short story)", "text": "The story is set two or three years after the 1947 independence , when the governments of India and Pakistan decided to exchange some Muslim , Sikh and Hindu lunatics , and revolves around Bishan Singh , a Sikh inmate of an asylum in Lahore , who is from the town of Toba Tek Singh . As part of the exchange , Bishan Singh is sent under police escort to India , but upon being told that his hometown Toba Tek Singh is in Pakistan , he refuses to go . The story ends with Bishan lying down in the no man 's land between the two barbed wire fences : `` There , behind barbed wire , was Hindustan . Here , behind the same kind of barbed wire , was Pakistan . In between , on that piece of ground that had no name , lay Toba Tek Singh . '' ", "sentences": [ "The story is set two or three years after the 1947 independence , when the governments of India and Pakistan decided to exchange some Muslim , Sikh and Hindu lunatics , and revolves around Bishan Singh , a Sikh inmate of an asylum in Lahore , who is from the town of Toba Tek Singh .", "As part of the exchange , Bishan Singh is sent under police escort to India , but upon being told that his hometown Toba Tek Singh is in Pakistan , he refuses to go .", "The story ends with Bishan lying down in the no man 's land between the two barbed wire fences : `` There , behind barbed wire , was Hindustan .", "Here , behind the same kind of barbed wire , was Pakistan .", "In between , on that piece of ground that had no name , lay Toba Tek Singh . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The story is set two or three years after the 1947 independence, when the governments of India and Pakistan decided to exchange some Muslim, Sikh and Hindu lunatics, and revolves around Bishan Singh, a Sikh inmate of an asylum in Lahore, who is from the town of Toba Tek Singh. Bishan Singh is sent to India, but upon being told that his hometown Toba Tek Singh is in Pakistan, he refuses to go. The story ends with Bishan lying down in the no man's land between the two barbed wire fences. On that piece of ground that had no name, lay Toba Tek Singh.", "selected_sentences": [ "The story is set two or three years after the 1947 independence , when the governments of India and Pakistan decided to exchange some Muslim , Sikh and Hindu lunatics , and revolves around Bishan Singh , a Sikh inmate of an asylum in Lahore , who is from the town of Toba Tek Singh .", "As part of the exchange , Bishan Singh is sent under police escort to India , but upon being told that his hometown Toba Tek Singh is in Pakistan , he refuses to go .", "The story ends with Bishan lying down in the no man 's land between the two barbed wire fences : `` There , behind barbed wire , was Hindustan .", "In between , on that piece of ground that had no name , lay Toba Tek Singh . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The story is set two or three years after the 1947 independence , when the governments of India and Pakistan decided to exchange some Muslim , Sikh and Hindu lunatics , and revolves around Bishan Singh , a Sikh inmate of an asylum in Lahore , who is from the town of Toba Tek Singh. As part of the exchange , Bishan Singh is sent under police escort to India , but upon being told that his hometown Toba Tek Singh is in Pakistan , he refuses to go.", "selected_sentences": [ "The story is set two or three years after the 1947 independence , when the governments of India and Pakistan decided to exchange some Muslim , Sikh and Hindu lunatics , and revolves around Bishan Singh , a Sikh inmate of an asylum in Lahore , who is from the town of Toba Tek Singh .", "As part of the exchange , Bishan Singh is sent under police escort to India , but upon being told that his hometown Toba Tek Singh is in Pakistan , he refuses to go ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "House of Burnett", "text": "It remains uncertain if the name of Burnett is of Saxon or Norman origins . It has been suggested that the name Burnett is derived from the Old French burnete , brunette , which is a diminutive of brun meaning `` brown '' , `` dark brown '' . Another proposed origin of the name is from burnete , a high quality wool cloth originally dyed to a dark brown colour . There is also evidence which suggests that Burnett stems from the English surname of Burnard , a derivative of the Anglo - Saxon name `` Beornheard '' . Spelling variations of the name in early documents show Burnet and Burnard / Bernard being used interchangeably for the same family and at times for the same person . It is likely that the family of de Bernard first came to Scotland with the return of David I of Scotland and that they settled in Roxburghshire . ", "sentences": [ "It remains uncertain if the name of Burnett is of Saxon or Norman origins .", "It has been suggested that the name Burnett is derived from the Old French burnete , brunette , which is a diminutive of brun meaning `` brown '' , `` dark brown '' .", "Another proposed origin of the name is from burnete , a high quality wool cloth originally dyed to a dark brown colour .", "There is also evidence which suggests that Burnett stems from the English surname of Burnard , a derivative of the Anglo - Saxon name `` Beornheard '' .", "Spelling variations of the name in early documents show Burnet and Burnard / Bernard being used interchangeably for the same family and at times for the same person .", "It is likely that the family of de Bernard first came to Scotland with the return of David I of Scotland and that they settled in Roxburghshire ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It remains uncertain if the name of Burnett is of Saxon or Norman origins. It has been suggested that the name Burnett is derived from the Old French burnete, brunette. There is also evidence which suggests that Burnett stems from the English surname of Burnard, a derivative of the Anglo Saxon name ``Beornheard''.", "selected_sentences": [ "It remains uncertain if the name of Burnett is of Saxon or Norman origins .", "It has been suggested that the name Burnett is derived from the Old French burnete , brunette , which is a diminutive of brun meaning `` brown '' , `` dark brown '' .", "There is also evidence which suggests that Burnett stems from the English surname of Burnard , a derivative of the Anglo - Saxon name `` Beornheard '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jury trial", "text": "In the United States , every person accused of a crime punishable by incarceration for more than six months has a constitutionally protected right to a trial by jury , which arises in federal court from Article Three of the United States Constitution , which states in part , `` The Trial of all Crimes ... shall be by Jury ; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed . '' The right was expanded with the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which states in part , `` In all criminal prosecutions , the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial , by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed . '' Both provisions were made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment . Most states ' constitutions also grant the right of trial by jury in lesser criminal matters , though most have abrogated that right in offenses punishable by fine only . The Supreme Court has ruled that if imprisonment is for six months or less , trial by jury is not required , meaning a state may choose whether or not to permit trial by jury in such cases . Under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure , if the defendant is entitled to a jury trial , he may waive his right to have a jury , but both the government ( prosecution ) and court must consent to the waiver . Several states require jury trials for all crimes , `` petty '' or not . ", "sentences": [ "In the United States , every person accused of a crime punishable by incarceration for more than six months has a constitutionally protected right to a trial by jury , which arises in federal court from Article Three of the United States Constitution , which states in part , `` The Trial of all Crimes ... shall be by Jury ; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed . ''", "The right was expanded with the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution , which states in part , `` In all criminal prosecutions , the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial , by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed . ''", "Both provisions were made applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment .", "Most states ' constitutions also grant the right of trial by jury in lesser criminal matters , though most have abrogated that right in offenses punishable by fine only .", "The Supreme Court has ruled that if imprisonment is for six months or less , trial by jury is not required , meaning a state may choose whether or not to permit trial by jury in such cases .", "Under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure , if the defendant is entitled to a jury trial , he may waive his right to have a jury , but both the government ( prosecution ) and court must consent to the waiver .", "Several states require jury trials for all crimes , `` petty '' or not ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In the United States, every person accused of a crime punishable by incarceration for more than six months has a constitutionally protected right to a trial by jury, but the Supreme Court has ruled that if imprisonment is for six months or less, trial by jury is not required, meaning a state may choose whether or not to permit trial by jury in such cases.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the United States , every person accused of a crime punishable by incarceration for more than six months has a constitutionally protected right to a trial by jury , which arises in federal court from Article Three of the United States Constitution , which states in part , `` The Trial of all Crimes ... shall be by Jury ; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed . ''", "The Supreme Court has ruled that if imprisonment is for six months or less , trial by jury is not required , meaning a state may choose whether or not to permit trial by jury in such cases ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Berlin Wall", "text": "The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 . Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land ) West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 . Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 . The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls , accompanied by a wide area ( later known as the `` death strip '' ) that contained anti-vehicle trenches , `` fakir beds '' and other defenses . The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany . In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period . ", "sentences": [ "The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 .", "Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land )", "West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989 .", "Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992 .", "The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls , accompanied by a wide area ( later known as the `` death strip '' ) that contained anti-vehicle trenches , `` fakir beds '' and other defenses .", "The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany .", "In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Berlin Wall was constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ). The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany . In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period .", "selected_sentences": [ "Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land )", "The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany .", "In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Berlin Wall was constructed by the German Democratic Republic which portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany . In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Berlin Wall ( German : Berliner Mauer , pronounced ( bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ ) ( listen ) ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 .", "Constructed by the German Democratic Republic ( GDR , East Germany ) , starting on 13 August 1961 , the Wall cut off ( by land )", "The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the `` will of the people '' in building a socialist state in East Germany .", "In practice , the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lunar distance (astronomy)", "text": "Lunar distance ( LD or Δ ⊕ L ( \\ textstyle \\ Delta _ ( \\ oplus L ) ) ) , also called Earth -- Moon distance , Earth -- Moon characteristic distance , or distance to the Moon , is a unit of measure in astronomy . It is the average distance from the center of Earth to the center of the Moon . More technically , it is the mean semi-major axis of the geocentric lunar orbit . It may also refer to the time - averaged distance between the centers of the Earth and the Moon , or less commonly , the instantaneous Earth -- Moon distance . The lunar distance is approximately a quarter of a million miles . ", "sentences": [ "Lunar distance ( LD or Δ ⊕ L ( \\ textstyle \\ Delta _ ( \\ oplus L ) ) ) , also called Earth -- Moon distance , Earth -- Moon characteristic distance , or distance to the Moon , is a unit of measure in astronomy .", "It is the average distance from the center of Earth to the center of the Moon .", "More technically , it is the mean semi-major axis of the geocentric lunar orbit .", "It may also refer to the time - averaged distance between the centers of the Earth and the Moon , or less commonly , the instantaneous Earth -- Moon distance .", "The lunar distance is approximately a quarter of a million miles ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Lunar distance , also called Earth -- Moon distance, is approximately a quarter of a million miles .", "selected_sentences": [ "Lunar distance ( LD or Δ ⊕ L ( \\ textstyle \\ Delta _ ( \\ oplus L ) ) ) , also called Earth -- Moon distance , Earth -- Moon characteristic distance , or distance to the Moon , is a unit of measure in astronomy .", "The lunar distance is approximately a quarter of a million miles ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Punic Wars", "text": "The main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic . The Romans were initially interested in expansion via Sicily ( which at that time was a cultural melting pot ) , part of which lay under Carthaginian control . At the start of the First Punic War ( 264 - 241 BC ) , Carthage was the dominant power of the Western Mediterranean , with an extensive maritime empire . Rome was a rapidly ascending power in Italy , but it lacked the naval power of Carthage . The Second Punic War ( 218 - 201 BC ) witnessed Hannibal 's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC , followed by a prolonged but ultimately failed campaign of Carthage 's Hannibal in mainland Italy . By the end of the Third Punic War ( 149 - 146 BC ) , after more than a hundred years and the loss of many hundreds of thousands of soldiers from both sides , Rome had conquered Carthage 's empire , completely destroyed the city , and became the most powerful state of the Western Mediterranean . ", "sentences": [ "The main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic .", "The Romans were initially interested in expansion via Sicily ( which at that time was a cultural melting pot ) , part of which lay under Carthaginian control .", "At the start of the First Punic War ( 264 - 241 BC ) , Carthage was the dominant power of the Western Mediterranean , with an extensive maritime empire .", "Rome was a rapidly ascending power in Italy , but it lacked the naval power of Carthage .", "The Second Punic War ( 218 - 201 BC ) witnessed Hannibal 's crossing of the Alps in 218 BC , followed by a prolonged but ultimately failed campaign of Carthage 's Hannibal in mainland Italy .", "By the end of the Third Punic War ( 149 - 146 BC ) , after more than a hundred years and the loss of many hundreds of thousands of soldiers from both sides , Rome had conquered Carthage 's empire , completely destroyed the city , and became the most powerful state of the Western Mediterranean ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic . By the end of the Third Punic War ( 149 - 146 BC ) , after more than a hundred years and the loss of many hundreds of thousands of soldiers from both sides , Rome had conquered Carthage 's empire , completely destroyed the city , and became the most powerful state of the Western Mediterranean .", "selected_sentences": [ "The main cause of the Punic Wars was the conflicts of interest between the existing Carthaginian Empire and the expanding Roman Republic .", "By the end of the Third Punic War ( 149 - 146 BC ) , after more than a hundred years and the loss of many hundreds of thousands of soldiers from both sides , Rome had conquered Carthage 's empire , completely destroyed the city , and became the most powerful state of the Western Mediterranean ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Trump: The Art of the Deal", "text": "According to Schwartz in July 2016 , Trump wrote none of the book , choosing only to remove a few critical mentions of business colleagues at the end of the process . Trump responded with conflicting stories , saying `` I had a lot of choice of who to have write the book , and I chose ( Schwartz ) '' , but then said `` ( Schwartz ) did n't write the book . I wrote the book . '' Former Random House head Howard Kaminsky , the book 's original publisher , said `` Trump did n't write a postcard for us ! '' The book was published in November 1987 by Random House , with the authorship given as `` Donald Trump with Tony Schwartz '' . ", "sentences": [ "According to Schwartz in July 2016 , Trump wrote none of the book , choosing only to remove a few critical mentions of business colleagues at the end of the process .", "Trump responded with conflicting stories , saying `` I had a lot of choice of who to have write the book , and I chose ( Schwartz ) '' , but then said `` ( Schwartz ) did n't write the book .", "I wrote the book . ''", "Former Random House head Howard Kaminsky , the book 's original publisher , said `` Trump did n't write a postcard for us ! ''", "The book was published in November 1987 by Random House , with the authorship given as `` Donald Trump with Tony Schwartz '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "According to Schwartz in July 2016, Trump wrote none of the book. The book was published with the authorship given as ``Donald Trump with Tony Schwartz''.", "selected_sentences": [ "According to Schwartz in July 2016 , Trump wrote none of the book , choosing only to remove a few critical mentions of business colleagues at the end of the process .", "The book was published in November 1987 by Random House , with the authorship given as `` Donald Trump with Tony Schwartz '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Private (rank)", "text": "In the U.S. Army , private is used for the two lowest enlisted ranks , just below private first class . The lowest rank is `` private E-1 '' ( PV1 ) and sometimes referred to as recruit , but also held by some soldiers after punishment through the Uniform Code of Military Justice or prisoners after conviction until they are discharged . A PV1 wears no uniform insignia ; since the advent of the Army Combat Uniform , the term `` fuzzy '' has come into vogue , referring to the blank velcro patch on the ACU where the rank would normally be placed . The second rank , private E-2 ( PV2 ) , wears a single chevron , known colloquially as `` mosquito wings '' . Advancement to the PV2 is automatic after six months ' time in service , but may get shortened to four months if given a waiver . A person who earned the Eagle Scout award , the Gold Award , or completed at least two years of JROTC may enlist at any time at the rank of PV2 . The term of address , `` Private '' , may be properly applied to any Army soldier E-1 ( PV1 ) to E-3 ( PFC ) . It should also be noted that while a soldier is currently in Initial Enlistment Training , he or she will often be referred to as `` Private '' by the training cadre , regardless of actual rank , even if the soldier enlisted as a Specialist / E-4 . ", "sentences": [ "In the U.S. Army , private is used for the two lowest enlisted ranks , just below private first class .", "The lowest rank is `` private E-1 '' ( PV1 ) and sometimes referred to as recruit , but also held by some soldiers after punishment through the Uniform Code of Military Justice or prisoners after conviction until they are discharged .", "A PV1 wears no uniform insignia ; since the advent of the Army Combat Uniform , the term `` fuzzy '' has come into vogue , referring to the blank velcro patch on the ACU where the rank would normally be placed .", "The second rank , private E-2 ( PV2 ) , wears a single chevron , known colloquially as `` mosquito wings '' .", "Advancement to the PV2 is automatic after six months ' time in service , but may get shortened to four months if given a waiver .", "A person who earned the Eagle Scout award , the Gold Award , or completed at least two years of JROTC may enlist at any time at the rank of PV2 .", "The term of address , `` Private '' , may be properly applied to any Army soldier E-1 ( PV1 ) to E-3 ( PFC ) .", "It should also be noted that while a soldier is currently in Initial Enlistment Training , he or she will often be referred to as `` Private '' by the training cadre , regardless of actual rank , even if the soldier enlisted as a Specialist / E-4 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The lowest rank is `` private E-1 '' ( PV1 ) and sometimes referred to as recruit , but also held by some soldiers after punishment through the Uniform Code of Military Justice or prisoners after conviction until they are discharged . Advancement to the PV2 is automatic after six months ' time in service , but may get shortened to four months if given a waiver . A person who earned the Eagle Scout award , the Gold Award , or completed at least two years of JROTC may enlist at any time at the rank of PV2 .It should also be noted that while a soldier is currently in Initial Enlistment Training , he or she will often be referred to as `` Private '' by the training cadre , regardless of actual rank , even if the soldier enlisted as a Specialist / E-4 .", "selected_sentences": [ "The lowest rank is `` private E-1 '' ( PV1 ) and sometimes referred to as recruit , but also held by some soldiers after punishment through the Uniform Code of Military Justice or prisoners after conviction until they are discharged .", "Advancement to the PV2 is automatic after six months ' time in service , but may get shortened to four months if given a waiver .", "A person who earned the Eagle Scout award , the Gold Award , or completed at least two years of JROTC may enlist at any time at the rank of PV2 .", "It should also be noted that while a soldier is currently in Initial Enlistment Training , he or she will often be referred to as `` Private '' by the training cadre , regardless of actual rank , even if the soldier enlisted as a Specialist / E-4 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Visa policy of Azerbaijan", "text": "Passport must be valid for at least 6 months after the expiry date of the Azerbaijani visa applied for . If there is less than 3 months for the expiry of a foreign citizen 's passport , a visa will not be granted . Citizens of specific countries listed , who are required to obtain a visa with an ordinary passport or with a service passport , have to obtain a visa before travelling to Azerbaijan . Visas are issued in at an embassy or consulate of the Republic of Azerbaijan or upon arrival at the border crossing points of the Republic of Azerbaijan . The visa application form may be filled online and submitted to the diplomatic mission . ", "sentences": [ "Passport must be valid for at least 6 months after the expiry date of the Azerbaijani visa applied for .", "If there is less than 3 months for the expiry of a foreign citizen 's passport , a visa will not be granted .", "Citizens of specific countries listed , who are required to obtain a visa with an ordinary passport or with a service passport , have to obtain a visa before travelling to Azerbaijan .", "Visas are issued in at an embassy or consulate of the Republic of Azerbaijan or upon arrival at the border crossing points of the Republic of Azerbaijan .", "The visa application form may be filled online and submitted to the diplomatic mission ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Citizens of specific countries listed, who are required to obtain a visa with an ordinary passport or with a service passport, have to obtain a visa before travelling to Azerbaijan. Passport must be valid for at least 6 months after the expiry date of the Azerbaijani visa applied for.", "selected_sentences": [ "Passport must be valid for at least 6 months after the expiry date of the Azerbaijani visa applied for .", "Citizens of specific countries listed , who are required to obtain a visa with an ordinary passport or with a service passport , have to obtain a visa before travelling to Azerbaijan ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Direct memory access", "text": "Without DMA , when the CPU is using programmed input / output , it is typically fully occupied for the entire duration of the read or write operation , and is thus unavailable to perform other work . With DMA , the CPU first initiates the transfer , then it does other operations while the transfer is in progress , and it finally receives an interrupt from the DMA controller when the operation is done . This feature is useful at any time that the CPU can not keep up with the rate of data transfer , or when the CPU needs to perform work while waiting for a relatively slow I / O data transfer . Many hardware systems use DMA , including disk drive controllers , graphics cards , network cards and sound cards . DMA is also used for intra-chip data transfer in multi-core processors . Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channels . Similarly , a processing element inside a multi-core processor can transfer data to and from its local memory without occupying its processor time , allowing computation and data transfer to proceed in parallel . ", "sentences": [ "Without DMA , when the CPU is using programmed input / output , it is typically fully occupied for the entire duration of the read or write operation , and is thus unavailable to perform other work .", "With DMA , the CPU first initiates the transfer , then it does other operations while the transfer is in progress , and it finally receives an interrupt from the DMA controller when the operation is done .", "This feature is useful at any time that the CPU can not keep up with the rate of data transfer , or when the CPU needs to perform work while waiting for a relatively slow I / O data transfer .", "Many hardware systems use DMA , including disk drive controllers , graphics cards , network cards and sound cards .", "DMA is also used for intra-chip data transfer in multi-core processors .", "Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channels .", "Similarly , a processing element inside a multi-core processor can transfer data to and from its local memory without occupying its processor time , allowing computation and data transfer to proceed in parallel ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "With DMA , the CPU first initiates the transfer , then it does other operations while the transfer is in progress , and it finally receives an interrupt from the DMA controller when the operation is done .DMA is also used for intra-chip data transfer in multi-core processors . Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channels .", "selected_sentences": [ "With DMA , the CPU first initiates the transfer , then it does other operations while the transfer is in progress , and it finally receives an interrupt from the DMA controller when the operation is done .", "DMA is also used for intra-chip data transfer in multi-core processors .", "Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channels ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "List of Dragon Ball Super episodes", "text": "Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 . The series has been aired in Israel on Nickelodeon and in Portugal on SIC . Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 . An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 . Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to the series and will be producing an English dub . As well as officially announcing the dub , it was also announced they will be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform , FunimationNow . Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 . ", "sentences": [ "Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 .", "The series has been aired in Israel on Nickelodeon and in Portugal on SIC .", "Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 .", "An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 .", "Funimation announced the company acquired the rights to the series and will be producing an English dub .", "As well as officially announcing the dub , it was also announced they will be simulcasting the series on their streaming platform , FunimationNow .", "Funimation 's English dub of Dragon Ball Super started airing on Adult Swim 's Toonami block starting January 7 , 2017 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Dragon Ball Super received an English language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017. Toei Animation Europe announced that an official English sub of Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France, Italy, Spain and English speaking Africa on Crunchyroll, Daisuki.net and Anime Lab beginning October 22, 2016.", "selected_sentences": [ "Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 .", "Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 .", "An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Dragon Ball Super received an English language dub that premiered in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017. It would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 . An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally beginning October 22 , 2016 .", "selected_sentences": [ "Dragon Ball Super received an English - language dub that premiered on the Toonami channel in Southeast Asia and India in January 2017 .", "Toei Animation Europe announced that Dragon Ball Super would be broadcast in France , Italy , Spain , and English - speaking Africa in Fall 2016 .", "An official English sub of the series would be simulcasted legally on Crunchyroll , Daisuki.net , and Anime Lab beginning October 22 , 2016 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Thebes, Egypt", "text": "Thebes ( Ancient Greek : Θῆβαι , Thēbai ) , known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset , was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers ( 500 mi ) south of the Mediterranean . Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor . Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome ( Sceptre nome ) and was the capital of Egypt mainly during the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom . It was close to Nubia and the eastern desert , with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes . It was a cult center and the most venerated city of ancient Egypt during its heyday . The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile , where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and the city proper was situated ; and the western bank , where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found . ", "sentences": [ "Thebes ( Ancient Greek : Θῆβαι , Thēbai ) , known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset , was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers ( 500 mi ) south of the Mediterranean .", "Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor .", "Thebes was the main city of the fourth Upper Egyptian nome ( Sceptre nome ) and was the capital of Egypt mainly during the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom .", "It was close to Nubia and the eastern desert , with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes .", "It was a cult center and the most venerated city of ancient Egypt during its heyday .", "The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile , where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and the city proper was situated ; and the western bank , where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Thebes was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers south of the Mediterranean. \r\nThe site includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, and the western bank.", "selected_sentences": [ "Thebes ( Ancient Greek : Θῆβαι , Thēbai ) , known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset , was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers ( 500 mi ) south of the Mediterranean .", "The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile , where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and the city proper was situated ; and the western bank , where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Thebes was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers south of the Mediterranean, close to Nubia and the eastern desert. Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor and its site includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile, and the western bank.", "selected_sentences": [ "Thebes ( Ancient Greek : Θῆβαι , Thēbai ) , known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset , was an ancient Egyptian city located east of the Nile about 800 kilometers ( 500 mi ) south of the Mediterranean .", "Its ruins lie within the modern Egyptian city of Luxor .", "It was close to Nubia and the eastern desert , with its valuable mineral resources and trade routes .", "The site of Thebes includes areas on both the eastern bank of the Nile , where the temples of Karnak and Luxor stand and the city proper was situated ; and the western bank , where a necropolis of large private and royal cemeteries and funerary complexes can be found ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "text": "The Louisiana Purchase ( French : Vente de la Louisiane `` Sale of Louisiana '' ) was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory ( 828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2 ) by the United States from France in 1803 . The U.S. paid fifty million francs ( $11,250,000 ) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ( $3,750,000 ) for a total of sixty - eight million francs ( $15 million , equivalent to $300 million in 2016 ) . The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces . The territory contained land that forms Arkansas , Missouri , Iowa , Oklahoma , Kansas , and Nebraska ; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River ; a large portion of North Dakota ; a large portion of South Dakota ; the northeastern section of New Mexico ; the northern portion of Texas ; the area of Montana , Wyoming , and Colorado east of the Continental Divide ; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River ( plus New Orleans ) ; and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan . Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants , of whom half were African slaves . ", "sentences": [ "The Louisiana Purchase ( French : Vente de la Louisiane `` Sale of Louisiana '' ) was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory ( 828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2 ) by the United States from France in 1803 .", "The U.S. paid fifty million francs ( $11,250,000 ) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ( $3,750,000 ) for a total of sixty - eight million francs ( $15 million , equivalent to $300 million in 2016 ) .", "The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces .", "The territory contained land that forms Arkansas , Missouri , Iowa , Oklahoma , Kansas , and Nebraska ; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River ; a large portion of North Dakota ; a large portion of South Dakota ; the northeastern section of New Mexico ; the northern portion of Texas ; the area of Montana , Wyoming , and Colorado east of the Continental Divide ; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River ( plus New Orleans ) ; and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan .", "Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants , of whom half were African slaves ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory ( 828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2 ) by the United States. The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces . The territory contained land that forms Arkansas , Missouri , Iowa , Oklahoma , Kansas , and Nebraska ; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River ; a large portion of North Dakota ; a large portion of South Dakota ; the northeastern section of New Mexico ; the northern portion of Texas ; the area of Montana , Wyoming , and Colorado east of the Continental Divide ; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River ( plus New Orleans ) ; and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Louisiana Purchase ( French : Vente de la Louisiane `` Sale of Louisiana '' ) was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory ( 828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km2 ) by the United States from France in 1803 .", "The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces .", "The territory contained land that forms Arkansas , Missouri , Iowa , Oklahoma , Kansas , and Nebraska ; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River ; a large portion of North Dakota ; a large portion of South Dakota ; the northeastern section of New Mexico ; the northern portion of Texas ; the area of Montana , Wyoming , and Colorado east of the Continental Divide ; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River ( plus New Orleans ) ; and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Indian Agricultural Research Institute", "text": "The institute was originally established in 1905 at Pusa , Bihar , as Agricultural Research Institute ( ARI ) , which was changed to Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research in 1911 and then again in 1919 as the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute . with the financial assistance of an American Philanthropist , Henry Phipps , Jr ... Phipps was a family friend of Lady Curzon , who was the daughter of American millionaire and wife of Lord Curzon , the Viceroy of India . Phipps stayed as a guest of Curzons during his visit to India . More importantly , Phipps left behind with them a donation of $30,000 , which was utilized for the establishment of the institute . He laid the foundation stone of Agricultural Research Institute and college on 1 April 1905 . ", "sentences": [ "The institute was originally established in 1905 at Pusa , Bihar , as Agricultural Research Institute ( ARI ) , which was changed to Imperial Institute of Agricultural Research in 1911 and then again in 1919 as the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute .", "with the financial assistance of an American Philanthropist , Henry Phipps , Jr ...", "Phipps was a family friend of Lady Curzon , who was the daughter of American millionaire and wife of Lord Curzon , the Viceroy of India .", "Phipps stayed as a guest of Curzons during his visit to India .", "More importantly , Phipps left behind with them a donation of $30,000 , which was utilized for the establishment of the institute .", "He laid the foundation stone of Agricultural Research Institute and college on 1 April 1905 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Indian Agricultural Research Institute was established with the financial assistance of an American Philanthropist, Henry Phipps, Jr., who left them a donation of $30,000.", "selected_sentences": [ "with the financial assistance of an American Philanthropist , Henry Phipps , Jr ...", "More importantly , Phipps left behind with them a donation of $30,000 , which was utilized for the establishment of the institute ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "First Transcontinental Railroad", "text": "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad , known originally as the `` Pacific Railroad '' and later as the `` Overland Route '' ) was a 1,912 - mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha , Nebraska / Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay . The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants . Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds . The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from Oakland / Alameda to Sacramento , California . The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory ( U.T. ) . The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit . ", "sentences": [ "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad , known originally as the `` Pacific Railroad '' and later as the `` Overland Route '' ) was a 1,912 - mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha , Nebraska / Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay .", "The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants .", "Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds .", "The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from Oakland / Alameda to Sacramento , California .", "The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory ( U.T. ) .", "The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The rail line was built by three private companies, the Western Pacific Railroad Company, the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California and the Union Pacific.", "selected_sentences": [ "The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants .", "The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from Oakland / Alameda to Sacramento , California .", "The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory ( U.T. ) .", "The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The First Transcontinental Railroad was built by three private companies, the Western Pacific Railroad Company, the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California and the Union Pacific.", "selected_sentences": [ "The First Transcontinental Railroad ( also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad , known originally as the `` Pacific Railroad '' and later as the `` Overland Route '' ) was a 1,912 - mile ( 3,077 km ) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha , Nebraska / Council Bluffs , Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay .", "The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants .", "The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi ( 212 km ) of track from Oakland / Alameda to Sacramento , California .", "The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California ( CPRR ) constructed 690 mi ( 1,110 km ) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit , Utah Territory ( U.T. ) .", "The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi ( 1,746 km ) from the road 's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha , Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Plant development", "text": "Once the embryo germinates from its seed or parent plant , it begins to produce additional organs ( leaves , stems , and roots ) through the process of organogenesis . New roots grow from root meristems located at the tip of the root , and new stems and leaves grow from shoot meristems located at the tip of the shoot . Branching occurs when small clumps of cells left behind by the meristem , and which have not yet undergone cellular differentiation to form a specialized tissue , begin to grow as the tip of a new root or shoot . Growth from any such meristem at the tip of a root or shoot is termed primary growth and results in the lengthening of that root or shoot . Secondary growth results in widening of a root or shoot from divisions of cells in a cambium . ", "sentences": [ "Once the embryo germinates from its seed or parent plant , it begins to produce additional organs ( leaves , stems , and roots ) through the process of organogenesis .", "New roots grow from root meristems located at the tip of the root , and new stems and leaves grow from shoot meristems located at the tip of the shoot .", "Branching occurs when small clumps of cells left behind by the meristem , and which have not yet undergone cellular differentiation to form a specialized tissue , begin to grow as the tip of a new root or shoot .", "Growth from any such meristem at the tip of a root or shoot is termed primary growth and results in the lengthening of that root or shoot .", "Secondary growth results in widening of a root or shoot from divisions of cells in a cambium ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Once the embryo germinates from its seed or parent plant , it begins to produce leaves, stems and roots. New roots grow from root meristems located at the tip of the root. Growth from any such meristem at the tip of a root or shoot is termed primary growth.", "selected_sentences": [ "Once the embryo germinates from its seed or parent plant , it begins to produce additional organs ( leaves , stems , and roots ) through the process of organogenesis .", "New roots grow from root meristems located at the tip of the root , and new stems and leaves grow from shoot meristems located at the tip of the shoot .", "Growth from any such meristem at the tip of a root or shoot is termed primary growth and results in the lengthening of that root or shoot ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Loyalist (American Revolution)", "text": "Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War , often called Tories , Royalists , or King 's Men at the time . They were opposed by the Patriots , who supported the revolution , and called them `` persons inimical to the liberties of America '' . Prominent Loyalists repeatedly assured the British government that many thousands of them would spring to arms and fight for the crown . The British government acted in expectation of that , especially in the southern campaigns in 1780 - 81 . In practice , the number of Loyalists in military service was far lower than expected since Britain could not effectively protect them except in those areas where Britain had military control . The British were often suspicious of them , not knowing whom they could fully trust in such a conflicted situation ; they were often looked down upon . Patriots watched suspected Loyalists very closely and would not tolerate any organized Loyalist opposition . Many outspoken or militarily active Loyalists were forced to flee , especially to their stronghold of New York City . William Franklin , the royal governor of New Jersey and son of Patriot leader Benjamin Franklin , became the leader of the Loyalists after his release from a Patriot prison in 1778 . He worked to build Loyalist military units to fight in the war , but the number of volunteers was much fewer than London expected . ", "sentences": [ "Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War , often called Tories , Royalists , or King 's Men at the time .", "They were opposed by the Patriots , who supported the revolution , and called them `` persons inimical to the liberties of America '' .", "Prominent Loyalists repeatedly assured the British government that many thousands of them would spring to arms and fight for the crown .", "The British government acted in expectation of that , especially in the southern campaigns in 1780 - 81 .", "In practice , the number of Loyalists in military service was far lower than expected since Britain could not effectively protect them except in those areas where Britain had military control .", "The British were often suspicious of them , not knowing whom they could fully trust in such a conflicted situation ; they were often looked down upon .", "Patriots watched suspected Loyalists very closely and would not tolerate any organized Loyalist opposition .", "Many outspoken or militarily active Loyalists were forced to flee , especially to their stronghold of New York City .", "William Franklin , the royal governor of New Jersey and son of Patriot leader Benjamin Franklin , became the leader of the Loyalists after his release from a Patriot prison in 1778 .", "He worked to build Loyalist military units to fight in the war , but the number of volunteers was much fewer than London expected ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War. The British were often suspicious of them, not knowing whom they could fully trust in such a conflicted situation. William Franklin, the royal governor of New Jersey and son of Patriot leader Benjamin Franklin, became the leader of the Loyalists after his release from a Patriot prison in 1778. He worked to build Loyalist military units to fight in the war, but the number of volunteers was much fewer than London expected.", "selected_sentences": [ "Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War , often called Tories , Royalists , or King 's Men at the time .", "The British were often suspicious of them , not knowing whom they could fully trust in such a conflicted situation ; they were often looked down upon .", "William Franklin , the royal governor of New Jersey and son of Patriot leader Benjamin Franklin , became the leader of the Loyalists after his release from a Patriot prison in 1778 .", "He worked to build Loyalist military units to fight in the war , but the number of volunteers was much fewer than London expected ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Origin of the domestic dog", "text": "The origin of the domestic dog is not clear . The domestic dog is a member of the genus Canis , which forms part of the wolf - like canids , and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore . The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage . The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated . The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago . These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter - gatherers and not agriculturists . The dog was the first species to be domesticated . ", "sentences": [ "The origin of the domestic dog is not clear .", "The domestic dog is a member of the genus Canis , which forms part of the wolf - like canids , and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore .", "The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage .", "The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated .", "The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago .", "These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter - gatherers and not agriculturists .", "The dog was the first species to be domesticated ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The origin of the domestic dog is not clear. The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter - gatherers.", "selected_sentences": [ "The origin of the domestic dog is not clear .", "The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago .", "These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter - gatherers and not agriculturists ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Helena Bonham Carter", "text": "Bonham Carter joined the cast of Tim Burton 's 2010 film , Alice in Wonderland as The Red Queen . She appears alongside Johnny Depp , Anne Hathaway , Mia Wasikowska , Crispin Glover and Harry Potter co-star Alan Rickman . Her role was an amalgamation of The Queen of Hearts and The Red Queen . In early 2009 , Bonham Carter was named one of The Times 's top 10 British Actresses of all time . She appeared on the list with fellow actresses Julie Andrews , Helen Mirren , Maggie Smith , Judi Dench , and Audrey Hepburn . Bonham ", "sentences": [ "Bonham Carter joined the cast of Tim Burton 's 2010 film , Alice in Wonderland as The Red Queen .", "She appears alongside Johnny Depp , Anne Hathaway , Mia Wasikowska , Crispin Glover and Harry Potter co-star Alan Rickman .", "Her role was an amalgamation of The Queen of Hearts and The Red Queen .", "In early 2009 , Bonham Carter was named one of The Times 's top 10 British Actresses of all time .", "She appeared on the list with fellow actresses Julie Andrews , Helen Mirren , Maggie Smith , Judi Dench , and Audrey Hepburn .", "Bonham" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Helena Bonham Carter joined the cast of Tim Burton's 2010 film, Alice in Wonderland as The Red Queen. Her role was an amalgamation of The Queen of Hearts and The Red Queen.", "selected_sentences": [ "Bonham Carter joined the cast of Tim Burton 's 2010 film , Alice in Wonderland as The Red Queen .", "Her role was an amalgamation of The Queen of Hearts and The Red Queen ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rise of the Ottoman Empire", "text": "The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in c. 1299 , and ended with the conquest of Constantinople on May 29 , 1453 . This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia , and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia . For this reason , this period in the empire 's history has been described as the Proto - Imperial Era . Throughout most of this period , the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region , and relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm . By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II ( r . 1451 - 1481 ) . The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 is seen as the symbolic moment when the emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire , marking a major turning point in its history . ", "sentences": [ "The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in c. 1299 , and ended with the conquest of Constantinople on May 29 , 1453 .", "This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia , and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia .", "For this reason , this period in the empire 's history has been described as the Proto - Imperial Era .", "Throughout most of this period , the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region , and relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm .", "By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II ( r .", "1451 - 1481 ) .", "The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 is seen as the symbolic moment when the emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire , marking a major turning point in its history ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia, and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia .\r\nBy the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state, a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II.\r\nThe conquest of Constantinople in 1453 is seen as the symbolic moment when the emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire, marking a major turning point in its history.", "selected_sentences": [ "This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia , and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia .", "By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II ( r .", "The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 is seen as the symbolic moment when the emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire , marking a major turning point in its history ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia. They relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm. The Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II. The emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire , marking a major turning point in its history following the conquest of Constantinople in 1453.", "selected_sentences": [ "This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia , and its transformation from a small principality on the Byzantine frontier into an empire spanning the Balkans and Anatolia .", "Throughout most of this period , the Ottomans were merely one of many competing states in the region , and relied upon the support of local warlords and vassals to maintain control over their realm .", "By the middle of the fifteenth century the Ottoman sultans were able to accumulate enough personal power and authority to establish a centralized imperial state , a process which was brought to fruition by Sultan Mehmed II ( r .", "The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 is seen as the symbolic moment when the emerging Ottoman state shifted from a mere principality into an empire , marking a major turning point in its history ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Land Rover Series", "text": "The SII and the SIIA are very difficult to distinguish . There were some minor cosmetic changes , but the most significant change was under the bonnet in the guise of the new 2.25 - litre diesel engine . Body configurations available from the factory ranged from short - wheelbase soft - top to the top - of - the - line five - door station wagon . In 1967 a 2.6 - litre inline six cylinder petrol engine was introduced for the long - wheelbase models , which also had servo - assisted brakes . 811 of these were NADA ( or North American Dollar Area ) trucks , which were the only long - wheelbase models made for the American and Canadian markets . ", "sentences": [ "The SII and the SIIA are very difficult to distinguish .", "There were some minor cosmetic changes , but the most significant change was under the bonnet in the guise of the new 2.25 - litre diesel engine .", "Body configurations available from the factory ranged from short - wheelbase soft - top to the top - of - the - line five - door station wagon .", "In 1967 a 2.6 - litre inline six cylinder petrol engine was introduced for the long - wheelbase models , which also had servo - assisted brakes .", "811 of these were NADA ( or North American Dollar Area ) trucks , which were the only long - wheelbase models made for the American and Canadian markets ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Land Rover SII and the SIIA are very difficult to distinguish. The most significant change was under the bonnet in the guise of the new 2.25 - liter diesel engine. In 1967 a 2.6 - liter inline six cylinder petrol engine was introduced for the long wheelbase models.", "selected_sentences": [ "The SII and the SIIA are very difficult to distinguish .", "There were some minor cosmetic changes , but the most significant change was under the bonnet in the guise of the new 2.25 - litre diesel engine .", "In 1967 a 2.6 - litre inline six cylinder petrol engine was introduced for the long - wheelbase models , which also had servo - assisted brakes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Supercompensation", "text": "The fitness level of a human body in training can be broken down into four periods : initial fitness , parietal fitness training , recovery , and supercompensation . During the initial fitness period , the target of the training has a base level of fitness ( shown by the first time sector in the graph ) . Upon entering the training period , the target 's level of fitness decreases ( shown by the second time sector in the graph ) . After training , the body enters the recovery period during which level of fitness increases up to the initial fitness level ( shown by the third time sector in the graph ) . Because the human body is an adjustable organism , it will feel the need to adjust itself to a higher level of fitness in anticipation of the next training session . Accordingly , the increase in fitness following a training session does not stop at the initial fitness level . Instead the body enters a period of supercompensation during which fitness surpasses the initial fitness level ( shown by the fourth time sector in the graph ) . If there are no further workouts , this fitness level will slowly decline back towards the initial fitness level ( shown by the last time sector in the graph ) . First put forth by Russian scientist Nikolai N. Yakovlev ( 1911 -- 1992 ) in 1949 - 1959 , this theory is a basic principle of athletic training . ", "sentences": [ "The fitness level of a human body in training can be broken down into four periods : initial fitness , parietal fitness training , recovery , and supercompensation .", "During the initial fitness period , the target of the training has a base level of fitness ( shown by the first time sector in the graph ) .", "Upon entering the training period , the target 's level of fitness decreases ( shown by the second time sector in the graph ) .", "After training , the body enters the recovery period during which level of fitness increases up to the initial fitness level ( shown by the third time sector in the graph ) .", "Because the human body is an adjustable organism , it will feel the need to adjust itself to a higher level of fitness in anticipation of the next training session .", "Accordingly , the increase in fitness following a training session does not stop at the initial fitness level .", "Instead the body enters a period of supercompensation during which fitness surpasses the initial fitness level ( shown by the fourth time sector in the graph ) .", "If there are no further workouts , this fitness level will slowly decline back towards the initial fitness level ( shown by the last time sector in the graph ) .", "First put forth by Russian scientist Nikolai N. Yakovlev ( 1911 -- 1992 ) in 1949 - 1959 , this theory is a basic principle of athletic training ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "During the initial fitness period, the target of the training has a base level of fitness (the first time sector). Upon entering the training period, the target's level of fitness decreases (the second time sector). If there are no further workouts, this fitness level will slowly decline back towards the initial fitness level (the last time sector).", "selected_sentences": [ "During the initial fitness period , the target of the training has a base level of fitness ( shown by the first time sector in the graph ) .", "Upon entering the training period , the target 's level of fitness decreases ( shown by the second time sector in the graph ) .", "If there are no further workouts , this fitness level will slowly decline back towards the initial fitness level ( shown by the last time sector in the graph ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate", "text": "The President pro tempore of the United States Senate ( also president pro tem ) is the second - highest - ranking official of the United States Senate . Article One , Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the Vice President of the United States is , despite not being a U.S. Senator , the President of the Senate , and mandates that the Senate must choose a President pro tempore to act in the Vice President 's absence . Unlike the Vice President , the President pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate , able to speak or vote on any issue . Selected by the Senate at large , the President pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers . During the Vice President 's absence , the President pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions . In practice , neither the Vice President nor the President pro tempore usually presides ; instead , the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior U.S. Senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure . ", "sentences": [ "The President pro tempore of the United States Senate ( also president pro tem ) is the second - highest - ranking official of the United States Senate .", "Article One , Section Three of the United States Constitution provides that the Vice President of the United States is , despite not being a U.S. Senator , the President of the Senate , and mandates that the Senate must choose a President pro tempore to act in the Vice President 's absence .", "Unlike the Vice President , the President pro tempore is an elected member of the Senate , able to speak or vote on any issue .", "Selected by the Senate at large , the President pro tempore has enjoyed many privileges and some limited powers .", "During the Vice President 's absence , the President pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions .", "In practice , neither the Vice President nor the President pro tempore usually presides ; instead , the duty of presiding officer is rotated among junior U.S. Senators of the majority party to give them experience in parliamentary procedure ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The President pro tempore of the United States Senate ( also president pro tem ) is the second - highest - ranking official of the United States Senate . During the Vice President 's absence , the President pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions .", "selected_sentences": [ "The President pro tempore of the United States Senate ( also president pro tem ) is the second - highest - ranking official of the United States Senate .", "During the Vice President 's absence , the President pro tempore is empowered to preside over Senate sessions ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Democracy", "text": "Democracy ( Greek : δημοκρατία dēmokratía , literally `` rule by people '' ) , in modern usage , has three senses - all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting . In a direct democracy , the citizens as a whole form a governing body , and vote directly on each issue , e.g. on the passage of a particular tax law . In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among themselves . These representatives meet to form a governing body , such as a legislature . In a constitutional democracy the powers of the majority are exercised within the framework of a representative democracy , but the constitution limits the majority and protects the minority , usually through the enjoyment by all of certain individual rights , e.g. freedom of speech , or freedom of association . `` Rule of the majority '' is sometimes referred to as democracy . Democracy is a system of processing conflicts in which outcomes depend on what participants do , but no single force controls what occurs and its outcomes . ", "sentences": [ "Democracy ( Greek : δημοκρατία dēmokratía , literally `` rule by people '' ) , in modern usage , has three senses - all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting .", "In a direct democracy , the citizens as a whole form a governing body , and vote directly on each issue , e.g. on the passage of a particular tax law .", "In a representative democracy the citizens elect representatives from among themselves .", "These representatives meet to form a governing body , such as a legislature .", "In a constitutional democracy the powers of the majority are exercised within the framework of a representative democracy , but the constitution limits the majority and protects the minority , usually through the enjoyment by all of certain individual rights , e.g. freedom of speech , or freedom of association .", "`` Rule of the majority '' is sometimes referred to as democracy .", "Democracy is a system of processing conflicts in which outcomes depend on what participants do , but no single force controls what occurs and its outcomes ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Democracy , in modern usage , has three senses - all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.\r\nDemocracy is a system of processing conflicts in which outcomes depend on what participants do, but no single force controls what occurs and its outcomes.", "selected_sentences": [ "Democracy ( Greek : δημοκρατία dēmokratía , literally `` rule by people '' ) , in modern usage , has three senses - all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting .", "Democracy is a system of processing conflicts in which outcomes depend on what participants do , but no single force controls what occurs and its outcomes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Methanogen", "text": "Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions . They are prokaryotic and thus belong to the kingdom Monera , and they uniquely belong to the domain of archaea . They are common in wetlands , where they are responsible for marsh gas , and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans , where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans . In marine sediments the biological production of methane , also termed methanogenesis , is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted , below the top layers . Moreover , the methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments . Others are extremophiles , found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the `` solid '' rock of the Earth 's crust , kilometers below the surface . ", "sentences": [ "Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions .", "They are prokaryotic and thus belong to the kingdom Monera , and they uniquely belong to the domain of archaea .", "They are common in wetlands , where they are responsible for marsh gas , and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans , where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans .", "In marine sediments the biological production of methane , also termed methanogenesis , is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted , below the top layers .", "Moreover , the methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments .", "Others are extremophiles , found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the `` solid '' rock of the Earth 's crust , kilometers below the surface ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are common in wetlands and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans. In marine sediments the biological production of methane is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments.", "selected_sentences": [ "Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions .", "They are common in wetlands , where they are responsible for marsh gas , and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans , where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans .", "In marine sediments the biological production of methane , also termed methanogenesis , is generally confined to where sulfates are depleted , below the top layers .", "Moreover , the methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe", "text": "Santa Fe Independent School Dist . v. Doe , 530 U.S. 290 ( 2000 ) , was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court . It ruled that a policy permitting student - led , student - initiated prayer at high school football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment . Oral arguments were heard March 29 , 2000 . The court announced its decision on June 19 , holding the policy unconstitutional in a 6 -- 3 decision . School prayer is a controversial topic in American jurisprudence . ", "sentences": [ "Santa Fe Independent School Dist .", "v. Doe , 530 U.S. 290 ( 2000 ) , was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court .", "It ruled that a policy permitting student - led , student - initiated prayer at high school football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment .", "Oral arguments were heard March 29 , 2000 .", "The court announced its decision on June 19 , holding the policy unconstitutional in a 6 -- 3 decision .", "School prayer is a controversial topic in American jurisprudence ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Santa Fe Independent School Dist. v. Doe, was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court. It ruled that a policy permitting student led, student initiated prayer at high school football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The court announced its decision on June 19, holding the policy unconstitutional in a 6 - 3 decision.", "selected_sentences": [ "Santa Fe Independent School Dist .", "v. Doe , 530 U.S. 290 ( 2000 ) , was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court .", "It ruled that a policy permitting student - led , student - initiated prayer at high school football games violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment .", "The court announced its decision on June 19 , holding the policy unconstitutional in a 6 -- 3 decision ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Direct current", "text": "Direct current ( DC ) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge . A battery is a good example of a DC power supply . Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire , but can also flow through semiconductors , insulators , or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams . The electric current flows in a constant direction , distinguishing it from alternating current ( AC ) . A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current . ", "sentences": [ "Direct current ( DC ) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge .", "A battery is a good example of a DC power supply .", "Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire , but can also flow through semiconductors , insulators , or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams .", "The electric current flows in a constant direction , distinguishing it from alternating current ( AC ) .", "A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC).", "selected_sentences": [ "Direct current ( DC ) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge .", "The electric current flows in a constant direction , distinguishing it from alternating current ( AC ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rub' al Khali", "text": "The Rub ' al Khali desert ( Arabic : الربع الخالي ‎ , i.e. , `` the Empty Quarter '' in ) is the largest continuous sand desert ( erg ) in the world , encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula . The desert covers some 650,000 km ( 250,000 sq mi ) ( the area of long . 44 ° 30 ′ − 56 ° 30 ′ E , and lat. 16 ° 30 ′ − 23 ° 00 ′ N ) including parts of Saudi Arabia , Oman , the United Arab Emirates , and Yemen . It is part of the larger Arabian Desert . ", "sentences": [ "The Rub ' al Khali desert ( Arabic : الربع الخالي ‎ , i.e. , `` the Empty Quarter '' in ) is the largest continuous sand desert ( erg ) in the world , encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula .", "The desert covers some 650,000 km ( 250,000 sq mi ) ( the area of long .", "44 ° 30 ′ − 56 ° 30 ′ E , and lat.", "16 ° 30 ′ − 23 ° 00 ′ N ) including parts of Saudi Arabia , Oman , the United Arab Emirates , and Yemen .", "It is part of the larger Arabian Desert ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Rub ' al Khali desert is the largest continuous sand desert in the world, encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula and is part of the larger Arabian Desert.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Rub ' al Khali desert ( Arabic : الربع الخالي ‎ , i.e. , `` the Empty Quarter '' in ) is the largest continuous sand desert ( erg ) in the world , encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula .", "It is part of the larger Arabian Desert ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Rub' al Khali desert ( i.e., ``the Empty Quarter'') is the largest continuous sand desert in the world.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Rub ' al Khali desert ( Arabic : الربع الخالي ‎ , i.e. , `` the Empty Quarter '' in ) is the largest continuous sand desert ( erg ) in the world , encompassing most of the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "In the Heat of the Night (TV series)", "text": "The television series also took place in a fictionalized version of Sparta , Mississippi . While there is a real Sparta , the version of Sparta shown on television is very different from the real town . For example , the TV Sparta is situated along Interstate 20 , while the real town is nowhere near any interstate . During the first season , Hammond , Louisiana was the site of the show 's production . In the second season , the show was moved to Georgia , to an area east of Atlanta and it remained there for the rest of its run . The principal area of Sparta was in fact downtown Covington , Georgia . Rural scenes were filmed in a wide surrounding area , in the Georgia counties of Newton ( where Covington is located ) , Rockdale , Walton , Morgan , and Jasper . Decatur in Dekalb County was used as a stand - in for an episode as the Mississippi Capital city of Jackson , and Atlanta itself was used in one episode , in which Bubba worked on a case there . In fact , during the series ' run , many of the cast members had homes in the area and were often spotted in local restaurants and retail stores . The cast members would also go around to local schools to speak to students . ", "sentences": [ "The television series also took place in a fictionalized version of Sparta , Mississippi .", "While there is a real Sparta , the version of Sparta shown on television is very different from the real town .", "For example , the TV Sparta is situated along Interstate 20 , while the real town is nowhere near any interstate .", "During the first season , Hammond , Louisiana was the site of the show 's production .", "In the second season , the show was moved to Georgia , to an area east of Atlanta and it remained there for the rest of its run .", "The principal area of Sparta was in fact downtown Covington , Georgia .", "Rural scenes were filmed in a wide surrounding area , in the Georgia counties of Newton ( where Covington is located ) , Rockdale , Walton , Morgan , and Jasper .", "Decatur in Dekalb County was used as a stand - in for an episode as the Mississippi Capital city of Jackson , and Atlanta itself was used in one episode , in which Bubba worked on a case there .", "In fact , during the series ' run , many of the cast members had homes in the area and were often spotted in local restaurants and retail stores .", "The cast members would also go around to local schools to speak to students ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The television series, \" In the Heat of the Night,\" also took place in a fictionalized version of Sparta , Mississippi . During the first season , Hammond , Louisiana was the site of the show 's production .In the second season , the show was moved to Georgia , to an area east of Atlanta . The principal area of Sparta was in fact downtown Covington , Georgia . Rural scenes were filmed in a wide surrounding area , in the Georgia counties of Newton ( where Covington is located ) , Rockdale , Walton , Morgan , and Jasper . Decatur in Dekalb County was used as a stand - in for an episode as the Mississippi Capital city of Jackson , and Atlanta itself was used in one episode.", "selected_sentences": [ "The television series also took place in a fictionalized version of Sparta , Mississippi .", "During the first season , Hammond , Louisiana was the site of the show 's production .", "In the second season , the show was moved to Georgia , to an area east of Atlanta and it remained there for the rest of its run .", "The principal area of Sparta was in fact downtown Covington , Georgia .", "Rural scenes were filmed in a wide surrounding area , in the Georgia counties of Newton ( where Covington is located ) , Rockdale , Walton , Morgan , and Jasper .", "Decatur in Dekalb County was used as a stand - in for an episode as the Mississippi Capital city of Jackson , and Atlanta itself was used in one episode , in which Bubba worked on a case there ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Transport in London", "text": "Public transport services are dominated by the executive agency for transport in London : Transport for London ( TfL ) . TfL controls the majority of public transport , including the Underground , Buses , Tramlink , the Docklands Light Railway , London River Services and the London Overground . Other rail services are either franchised to train operating companies by the national Department for Transport ( DfT ) . TfL also controls most major roads in London , but not minor roads . In addition , there are several independent airports operating in London , including Heathrow , the busiest airport in the United Kingdom . ", "sentences": [ "Public transport services are dominated by the executive agency for transport in London : Transport for London ( TfL ) .", "TfL controls the majority of public transport , including the Underground , Buses , Tramlink , the Docklands Light Railway , London River Services and the London Overground .", "Other rail services are either franchised to train operating companies by the national Department for Transport ( DfT ) .", "TfL also controls most major roads in London , but not minor roads .", "In addition , there are several independent airports operating in London , including Heathrow , the busiest airport in the United Kingdom ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "TfL controls the majority of public transport, including the Underground, Buses, Tramlink, the Docklands Light Railway, London River Services and the London Overground. In addition, there are several independent airports operating in London, including Heathrow.", "selected_sentences": [ "TfL controls the majority of public transport , including the Underground , Buses , Tramlink , the Docklands Light Railway , London River Services and the London Overground .", "In addition , there are several independent airports operating in London , including Heathrow , the busiest airport in the United Kingdom ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The public transportation in London include the Underground , Buses , Tramlink , the Docklands Light Railway , London River Services and the London Overground. There are also other franchised rail services and several independent airports.", "selected_sentences": [ "TfL controls the majority of public transport , including the Underground , Buses , Tramlink , the Docklands Light Railway , London River Services and the London Overground .", "Other rail services are either franchised to train operating companies by the national Department for Transport ( DfT ) .", "In addition , there are several independent airports operating in London , including Heathrow , the busiest airport in the United Kingdom ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Adobe Photoshop", "text": "Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988 . Thomas Knoll , a PhD student at the University of Michigan , began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display . This program , called Display , caught the attention of his brother John Knoll , an Industrial Light & Magic employee , who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full - fledged image editing program . Thomas took a six - month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program . Thomas renamed the program ImagePro , but the name was already taken . Later that year , Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short - term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner ; a `` total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped '' this way . ", "sentences": [ "Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988 .", "Thomas Knoll , a PhD student at the University of Michigan , began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display .", "This program , called Display , caught the attention of his brother John Knoll , an Industrial Light & Magic employee , who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full - fledged image editing program .", "Thomas took a six - month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program .", "Thomas renamed the program ImagePro , but the name was already taken .", "Later that year , Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short - term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner ; a `` total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped '' this way ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll.\r\nThomas renamed the program ImagePro, but as the name was already taken he renamed it Photoshop.", "selected_sentences": [ "Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988 .", "Thomas renamed the program ImagePro , but the name was already taken ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll. This program was called Display. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but as the name was already taken he renamed it Photoshop.", "selected_sentences": [ "Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll , who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988 .", "This program , called Display , caught the attention of his brother John Knoll , an Industrial Light & Magic employee , who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full - fledged image editing program .", "Thomas renamed the program ImagePro , but the name was already taken ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cold feet", "text": "The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets . Crane writes , `` I knew this was the way it would be . They got cold feet . '' The term is present in `` Seed Time and Harvest '' by Fritz Reuter published in 1862 . Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 . The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above . ", "sentences": [ "The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .", "Crane writes , `` I knew this was the way it would be .", "They got cold feet . ''", "The term is present in `` Seed Time and Harvest '' by Fritz Reuter published in 1862 .", "Kenneth McKenzie , a former professor of Italian at Princeton University attributed the first use of the phrase to the play Volpone produced by Ben Jonson in 1605 .", "The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane, who added the phrase in 1896 to the second edition of his short novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.\r\nHowever, the true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed.", "selected_sentences": [ "The origin of the term itself has been largely attributed to American author Stephen Crane , who added the phrase , in 1896 , to the second edition of his short novel , Maggie : A Girl of the Streets .", "The true origin and first usage of the phrase remains debated and unconfirmed as exemplified above ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rest (physics)", "text": "In physics , rest is the state of an object being stationary relative to a particular frame of reference or another object ; when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be `` at rest '' . According to the theory of relativity , it is said that an object is `` at rest relative to '' another . For example , a train decelerates approaching a station and eventually comes to rest alongside the platform . The train can be said to be `` at rest with respect to the station '' , or , as the correct frame of reference is usually implicit and / or provided by context , simply `` at rest '' . In reality , there is nothing at absolute rest . For example , Earth 's gravitation constantly pulls objects toward its surface , while Earth is one of the objects the Sun constantly pulls towards itself , causing it to orbit the Sun ; the Sun , in turn , orbits the center of the Milky Way ; and so on . ", "sentences": [ "In physics , rest is the state of an object being stationary relative to a particular frame of reference or another object ; when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be `` at rest '' .", "According to the theory of relativity , it is said that an object is `` at rest relative to '' another .", "For example , a train decelerates approaching a station and eventually comes to rest alongside the platform .", "The train can be said to be `` at rest with respect to the station '' , or , as the correct frame of reference is usually implicit and / or provided by context , simply `` at rest '' .", "In reality , there is nothing at absolute rest .", "For example , Earth 's gravitation constantly pulls objects toward its surface , while Earth is one of the objects the Sun constantly pulls towards itself , causing it to orbit the Sun ; the Sun , in turn , orbits the center of the Milky Way ; and so on ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In physics , rest is the state of an object being stationary relative to a particular frame of reference or another object ; when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be `` at rest '' .For example , a train decelerates approaching a station and eventually comes to rest alongside the platform . The train can be said to be `` at rest with respect to the station '' , or , as the correct frame of reference is usually implicit and / or provided by context , simply `` at rest '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "In physics , rest is the state of an object being stationary relative to a particular frame of reference or another object ; when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be `` at rest '' .", "For example , a train decelerates approaching a station and eventually comes to rest alongside the platform .", "The train can be said to be `` at rest with respect to the station '' , or , as the correct frame of reference is usually implicit and / or provided by context , simply `` at rest '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Brad Dourif", "text": "Dourif has appeared in a number of horror films , notably as the voice of Chucky in the Chucky franchise . He portrayed the Gemini Killer in The Exorcist III ( 1990 ) and appeared in Death Machine ( 1994 ) and Alien Resurrection ( 1997 ) . He later appeared as Sheriff Lee Brackett in Rob Zombie 's Halloween ( 2007 ) and Halloween II ( 2009 ) . In 2013 , Dourif reprised his role as the voice of Chucky in the sixth installment of the Child 's Play franchise , Curse of Chucky , and again for the seventh in 2017 for Cult of Chucky . Both of which were a straight - to - DVD releases . His daughter , Fiona Dourif , also starred with him in both films . ", "sentences": [ "Dourif has appeared in a number of horror films , notably as the voice of Chucky in the Chucky franchise .", "He portrayed the Gemini Killer in The Exorcist III ( 1990 ) and appeared in Death Machine ( 1994 ) and Alien Resurrection ( 1997 ) .", "He later appeared as Sheriff Lee Brackett in Rob Zombie 's Halloween ( 2007 ) and Halloween II ( 2009 ) .", "In 2013 , Dourif reprised his role as the voice of Chucky in the sixth installment of the Child 's Play franchise , Curse of Chucky , and again for the seventh in 2017 for Cult of Chucky .", "Both of which were a straight - to - DVD releases .", "His daughter , Fiona Dourif , also starred with him in both films ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Brad Dourif has appeared in a number of horror films, notably as the voice of Chucky in the Chucky franchise .\r\n In 2013, Brad Dourif reprised his role as the voice of Chucky in the sixth installment of the Child 's Play franchise.", "selected_sentences": [ "Dourif has appeared in a number of horror films , notably as the voice of Chucky in the Chucky franchise .", "In 2013 , Dourif reprised his role as the voice of Chucky in the sixth installment of the Child 's Play franchise , Curse of Chucky , and again for the seventh in 2017 for Cult of Chucky ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "American Bulldog", "text": "The American Bulldog is a stocky , well built , strong - looking dog , with a large head and a muscular build . Its coat is short and generally smooth . The breed is a light to moderate shedder . Colors , while historically predominantly white with patches of red , black , or brindle , have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black , red , brown , fawn , and all shades of brindle . The color conformation is quite varied , but solid black or any degree of merle is considered a cosmetic fault , and a blue color is a disqualification by the NKC Breed Standard . Black pigmentation on the nose and eye rims is traditionally preferred , with only some pink allowed . Eye color is usually brown , but heterochromia also occurs , although this is also considered a cosmetic fault . American Bulldogs are known to drool more than other breeds of dog . The Bully type is generally a larger , heavier dog with a shorter muzzle . Standard types are generally more athletic with longer muzzles and a more square head . Many modern American Bulldogs are a combination of the two types , usually termed `` hybrid . '' In general , American Bulldogs weigh between 27 and 54 kg ( 60 to 120 lb ) and are 52 to 70 cm ( 20 to 28 in ) at the withers , but have been known to greatly exceed these dimensions , especially in the `` out of standard , '' nonworking stock . ", "sentences": [ "The American Bulldog is a stocky , well built , strong - looking dog , with a large head and a muscular build .", "Its coat is short and generally smooth .", "The breed is a light to moderate shedder .", "Colors , while historically predominantly white with patches of red , black , or brindle , have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black , red , brown , fawn , and all shades of brindle .", "The color conformation is quite varied , but solid black or any degree of merle is considered a cosmetic fault , and a blue color is a disqualification by the NKC Breed Standard .", "Black pigmentation on the nose and eye rims is traditionally preferred , with only some pink allowed .", "Eye color is usually brown , but heterochromia also occurs , although this is also considered a cosmetic fault .", "American Bulldogs are known to drool more than other breeds of dog .", "The Bully type is generally a larger , heavier dog with a shorter muzzle .", "Standard types are generally more athletic with longer muzzles and a more square head .", "Many modern American Bulldogs are a combination of the two types , usually termed `` hybrid . ''", "In general , American Bulldogs weigh between 27 and 54 kg ( 60 to 120 lb ) and are 52 to 70 cm ( 20 to 28 in ) at the withers , but have been known to greatly exceed these dimensions , especially in the `` out of standard , '' nonworking stock ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The American Bulldog is a stocky, well built, strong-looking dog, with a large head and a muscular build . Its colors vary from predominantly white with patches of red, black, or brindle, have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black, red, brown, fawn, and all shades of brindle.", "selected_sentences": [ "The American Bulldog is a stocky , well built , strong - looking dog , with a large head and a muscular build .", "Colors , while historically predominantly white with patches of red , black , or brindle , have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black , red , brown , fawn , and all shades of brindle ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The American Bulldog is a stocky, well built, strong-looking dog, with a large head and a muscular build . Its coat is short and its colors vary from predominantly white with patches of red, black, or brindle, have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black, red, brown, fawn, and all shades of brindle. Black pigmentation on the nose and eye rims is traditionally preferred , with only some pink allowed . Eye color is usually brown , but heterochromia also occurs , although this is also considered a cosmetic fault . The Bully type is generally a larger , heavier dog with a shorter muzzle . Standard types are generally more athletic with longer muzzles and a more square head .", "selected_sentences": [ "The American Bulldog is a stocky , well built , strong - looking dog , with a large head and a muscular build .", "Its coat is short and generally smooth .", "Colors , while historically predominantly white with patches of red , black , or brindle , have grown in recent years to include many color patterns including black , red , brown , fawn , and all shades of brindle .", "Black pigmentation on the nose and eye rims is traditionally preferred , with only some pink allowed .", "Eye color is usually brown , but heterochromia also occurs , although this is also considered a cosmetic fault .", "The Bully type is generally a larger , heavier dog with a shorter muzzle .", "Standard types are generally more athletic with longer muzzles and a more square head ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)", "text": "Oberon commands Puck to correct the enchantment placed on Lysander . Separated by Oberon 's command and Puck 's magic , and with dawn approaching , the lovers each go sleep again . Puck crushes another herb into Lysander 's eyes , negating the effect of the first one . When the lovers are discovered in the morning by a hunting Theseus , Hippolyta , and Egeus , all is put to rights . Demetrius claims that a metaphorical ' sickness ' made him love Hermia , but in health , his love has returned to Helena . The lovers are married in a joint ceremony with Theseus and Hippolyta ( offstage ) and together watch the play put on by the Mechanicals in honor of the marriages . ", "sentences": [ "Oberon commands Puck to correct the enchantment placed on Lysander .", "Separated by Oberon 's command and Puck 's magic , and with dawn approaching , the lovers each go sleep again .", "Puck crushes another herb into Lysander 's eyes , negating the effect of the first one .", "When the lovers are discovered in the morning by a hunting Theseus , Hippolyta , and Egeus , all is put to rights .", "Demetrius claims that a metaphorical ' sickness ' made him love Hermia , but in health , his love has returned to Helena .", "The lovers are married in a joint ceremony with Theseus and Hippolyta ( offstage ) and together watch the play put on by the Mechanicals in honor of the marriages ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Oberon commands Puck to correct the enchantment placed on Lysander . The lovers are married in a joint ceremony with Theseus and Hippolyta ( offstage ).", "selected_sentences": [ "Oberon commands Puck to correct the enchantment placed on Lysander .", "The lovers are married in a joint ceremony with Theseus and Hippolyta ( offstage ) and together watch the play put on by the Mechanicals in honor of the marriages ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Demetrius claims that a metaphorical ' sickness ' made him love Hermia , but in health , his love has returned to Helena. The lovers are married in a joint ceremony with Theseus and Hippolyta ( offstage ) and together watch the play put on by the Mechanicals in honor of the marriages .", "selected_sentences": [ "Demetrius claims that a metaphorical ' sickness ' made him love Hermia , but in health , his love has returned to Helena .", "The lovers are married in a joint ceremony with Theseus and Hippolyta ( offstage ) and together watch the play put on by the Mechanicals in honor of the marriages ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Live by Night (film)", "text": "Principal photography began on October 28 , 2015 in coastal Georgia . Exterior scenes were filmed in Brunswick , at Affleck 's private property on Hampton Island near Riceboro , on Tybee Island , in Savannah , and at Fort Pulaski National Monument . Tampa 's film commissioner said tax rebates in both Georgia and Affleck 's home on Hampton Island , a 45 minute drive from Brunswick , had led the filmmakers to choose the state instead of Florida . Filming took place in Lawrence , North Andover , and Boston 's North End . From December 2015 to February 2016 , filming took place in Los Angeles , California . Scenes were shot at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Pasadena , and in Wilmington . ", "sentences": [ "Principal photography began on October 28 , 2015 in coastal Georgia .", "Exterior scenes were filmed in Brunswick , at Affleck 's private property on Hampton Island near Riceboro , on Tybee Island , in Savannah , and at Fort Pulaski National Monument .", "Tampa 's film commissioner said tax rebates in both Georgia and Affleck 's home on Hampton Island , a 45 minute drive from Brunswick , had led the filmmakers to choose the state instead of Florida .", "Filming took place in Lawrence , North Andover , and Boston 's North End .", "From December 2015 to February 2016 , filming took place in Los Angeles , California .", "Scenes were shot at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Pasadena , and in Wilmington ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Live by Night was filmed in coastal Georgia; in Brunswick , at Affleck 's private property on Hampton Island near Riceboro , on Tybee Island , in Savannah , and at Fort Pulaski National Monument ; in Lawrence , North Andover , and Boston 's North End; in Los Angeles , California; at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Pasadena , and in Wilmington.", "selected_sentences": [ "Principal photography began on October 28 , 2015 in coastal Georgia .", "Exterior scenes were filmed in Brunswick , at Affleck 's private property on Hampton Island near Riceboro , on Tybee Island , in Savannah , and at Fort Pulaski National Monument .", "Filming took place in Lawrence , North Andover , and Boston 's North End .", "From December 2015 to February 2016 , filming took place in Los Angeles , California .", "Scenes were shot at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel in Pasadena , and in Wilmington ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "One Tree Hill (song)", "text": "The track was written in memory of Greg Carroll , a Māori man the band first met in Auckland during the Unforgettable Fire Tour in 1984 . He became very close friends with lead singer Bono and later served as a roadie for the group . Carroll was killed in July 1986 in a motorcycle accident in Dublin . Following the tangi funeral in New Zealand , Bono wrote the lyrics to `` One Tree Hill '' in Carroll 's memory . The lyrics reflect Bono 's thoughts at the tangi and during his first night in New Zealand when Carroll took him up Auckland 's One Tree Hill . They also pay homage to Chilean singer - songwriter and activist Víctor Jara . Musically , the song was developed in a jam session with producer Brian Eno . The vocals were recorded in a single take , as Bono felt incapable of singing them a second time . ", "sentences": [ "The track was written in memory of Greg Carroll , a Māori man the band first met in Auckland during the Unforgettable Fire Tour in 1984 .", "He became very close friends with lead singer Bono and later served as a roadie for the group .", "Carroll was killed in July 1986 in a motorcycle accident in Dublin .", "Following the tangi funeral in New Zealand , Bono wrote the lyrics to `` One Tree Hill '' in Carroll 's memory .", "The lyrics reflect Bono 's thoughts at the tangi and during his first night in New Zealand when Carroll took him up Auckland 's One Tree Hill .", "They also pay homage to Chilean singer - songwriter and activist Víctor Jara .", "Musically , the song was developed in a jam session with producer Brian Eno .", "The vocals were recorded in a single take , as Bono felt incapable of singing them a second time ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The track One Tree Hill was written in memory of Greg Carroll, a Māori man the band first met in Auckland during the Unforgettable Fire Tour in 1984. Carroll was killed in July 1986 in a motorcycle accident in Dublin. The lyrics reflect Bono's thoughts at the tangi and during his first night in New Zealand when Carroll took him up Auckland 's One Tree Hill. They also pay homage to Chilean singer - songwriter and activist Víctor Jara.", "selected_sentences": [ "The track was written in memory of Greg Carroll , a Māori man the band first met in Auckland during the Unforgettable Fire Tour in 1984 .", "Carroll was killed in July 1986 in a motorcycle accident in Dublin .", "The lyrics reflect Bono 's thoughts at the tangi and during his first night in New Zealand when Carroll took him up Auckland 's One Tree Hill .", "They also pay homage to Chilean singer - songwriter and activist Víctor Jara ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The track One Tree Hill was written in memory of Greg Carroll, a Māori man the band first met in Auckland. Carroll was killed in a motorcycle accident in Dublin. The lyrics reflect Bono's thoughts at the tangi and during his first night in New Zealand when Carroll took him up Auckland's One Tree Hill. They also pay homage to Chilean singer songwriter and activist Víctor Jara.", "selected_sentences": [ "The track was written in memory of Greg Carroll , a Māori man the band first met in Auckland during the Unforgettable Fire Tour in 1984 .", "Carroll was killed in July 1986 in a motorcycle accident in Dublin .", "The lyrics reflect Bono 's thoughts at the tangi and during his first night in New Zealand when Carroll took him up Auckland 's One Tree Hill .", "They also pay homage to Chilean singer - songwriter and activist Víctor Jara ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Indigo revolt", "text": "Cause lead to revolt - Indigo planting in Bengal dated back to 1777 . With expansion of British power in the Nawabate of Bengal , indigo planting became more and more commercially profitable because of the demand for blue dye in Europe . It was introduced in large parts of Burdwan , Bankura , Birbhum , North 24 Parganas , and Jessore ( present Bangladesh ) . The indigo planters persuaded the peasants to plant indigo instead of food crops . They provided loans , called dadon , at a very high interest . Once a farmer took such loans he remained in debt for his whole life before passing it to his successors . The price paid by the planters was meagre , only 2.5 % of the market price . The farmers could make no profit growing indigo . The farmers were totally unprotected from the indigo planters , who resorted to mortgages or destruction of their property if they were unwilling to obey them . Government rules favoured the planters . By an act in 1833 , the planters were granted a free hand in oppression . Even the zamindars sided with the planters . Under this severe oppression , the farmers resorted to revolt . ", "sentences": [ "Cause lead to revolt - Indigo planting in Bengal dated back to 1777 .", "With expansion of British power in the Nawabate of Bengal , indigo planting became more and more commercially profitable because of the demand for blue dye in Europe .", "It was introduced in large parts of Burdwan , Bankura , Birbhum , North 24 Parganas , and Jessore ( present Bangladesh ) .", "The indigo planters persuaded the peasants to plant indigo instead of food crops .", "They provided loans , called dadon , at a very high interest .", "Once a farmer took such loans he remained in debt for his whole life before passing it to his successors .", "The price paid by the planters was meagre , only 2.5 % of the market price .", "The farmers could make no profit growing indigo .", "The farmers were totally unprotected from the indigo planters , who resorted to mortgages or destruction of their property if they were unwilling to obey them .", "Government rules favoured the planters .", "By an act in 1833 , the planters were granted a free hand in oppression .", "Even the zamindars sided with the planters .", "Under this severe oppression , the farmers resorted to revolt ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The farmers could make no profit growing indigo . The farmers were totally unprotected from the indigo planters , who resorted to mortgages or destruction of their property if they were unwilling to obey them .\r\n Government rules favoured the planters . By an act in 1833 , the planters were granted a free hand in oppression . Even the zamindars sided with the planters . Under this severe oppression , the farmers resorted to revolt .", "selected_sentences": [ "Cause lead to revolt - Indigo planting in Bengal dated back to 1777 .", "With expansion of British power in the Nawabate of Bengal , indigo planting became more and more commercially profitable because of the demand for blue dye in Europe .", "The farmers could make no profit growing indigo .", "The farmers were totally unprotected from the indigo planters , who resorted to mortgages or destruction of their property if they were unwilling to obey them .", "Government rules favoured the planters .", "By an act in 1833 , the planters were granted a free hand in oppression .", "Even the zamindars sided with the planters .", "Under this severe oppression , the farmers resorted to revolt ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Corrosion", "text": "In the most common use of the word , this means electrochemical oxidation of metal in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen or sulfates . Rusting , the formation of iron oxides , is a well - known example of electrochemical corrosion . This type of damage typically produces oxide ( s ) or salt ( s ) of the original metal , and results in a distinctive orange colouration . Corrosion can also occur in materials other than metals , such as ceramics or polymers , although in this context , the term `` degradation '' is more common . Corrosion degrades the useful properties of materials and structures including strength , appearance and permeability to liquids and gases . ", "sentences": [ "In the most common use of the word , this means electrochemical oxidation of metal in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen or sulfates .", "Rusting , the formation of iron oxides , is a well - known example of electrochemical corrosion .", "This type of damage typically produces oxide ( s ) or salt ( s ) of the original metal , and results in a distinctive orange colouration .", "Corrosion can also occur in materials other than metals , such as ceramics or polymers , although in this context , the term `` degradation '' is more common .", "Corrosion degrades the useful properties of materials and structures including strength , appearance and permeability to liquids and gases ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Rusting, the formation of iron oxides, is a well known example of electrochemical corrosion. Corrosion can also occur in materials other than metals, such as ceramics or polymers.", "selected_sentences": [ "Rusting , the formation of iron oxides , is a well - known example of electrochemical corrosion .", "Corrosion can also occur in materials other than metals , such as ceramics or polymers , although in this context , the term `` degradation '' is more common ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "National Football League team captains", "text": "Players who have been named a team captain typically have a `` C '' patch on their jerseys . There is a standard design used by all teams participating in the captaincy program . The patches are in team colors and are worn on the front left or right breast ( depending on other patches , etc. worn by the specific team ) . The number of stars filled in on the patch represents the number of consecutive years that player has been named captain by that team . If they 've been named captain for longer than four years , the `` C '' on the patch is gold . Some teams ( e.g. Pittsburgh and New England ) do not have this patch on their jerseys but still designate captains . In the case of the Green Bay Packers , they would use weekly captains during the regular season , but would switch to assigning captains whenever they qualify for the playoffs . ", "sentences": [ "Players who have been named a team captain typically have a `` C '' patch on their jerseys .", "There is a standard design used by all teams participating in the captaincy program .", "The patches are in team colors and are worn on the front left or right breast ( depending on other patches , etc.", "worn by the specific team ) .", "The number of stars filled in on the patch represents the number of consecutive years that player has been named captain by that team .", "If they 've been named captain for longer than four years , the `` C '' on the patch is gold .", "Some teams ( e.g. Pittsburgh and New England ) do not have this patch on their jerseys but still designate captains .", "In the case of the Green Bay Packers , they would use weekly captains during the regular season , but would switch to assigning captains whenever they qualify for the playoffs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Players who have been named a team captain typically have a `` C '' patch on their jerseys . If they 've been named captain for longer than four years , the `` C '' on the patch is gold .", "selected_sentences": [ "Players who have been named a team captain typically have a `` C '' patch on their jerseys .", "If they 've been named captain for longer than four years , the `` C '' on the patch is gold ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]