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[ { "title": "Flag of Georgia (U.S. state)", "text": "The current flag of the state of Georgia was adopted on May 8 , 2003 . The flag bears three stripes consisting of red - white - red , and a blue canton containing a ring of 13 white stars encompassing the state 's coat of arms in gold . In the coat of arms , the arch symbolizes the state 's constitution and the pillars represent the three branches of government : legislative , executive , and judicial . The words of the state motto , `` Wisdom , Justice , and Moderation '' , are wrapped around the pillars , guarded by a male figure dressed in colonial attire dating back to the time of the American Revolutionary War . Within the arms , a sword is drawn to represent the defense of the state 's constitution . An additional motto , In God We Trust , is positioned underneath these elements acting as the state 's `` foundation '' . The ring of stars that encompass the state 's coat of arms symbolize Georgia 's status as one of the original Thirteen Colonies . The design principle is based on the first national flag of the Confederacy , which was nicknamed the `` Stars and Bars '' . ", "sentences": [ "The current flag of the state of Georgia was adopted on May 8 , 2003 .", "The flag bears three stripes consisting of red - white - red , and a blue canton containing a ring of 13 white stars encompassing the state 's coat of arms in gold .", "In the coat of arms , the arch symbolizes the state 's constitution and the pillars represent the three branches of government : legislative , executive , and judicial .", "The words of the state motto , `` Wisdom , Justice , and Moderation '' , are wrapped around the pillars , guarded by a male figure dressed in colonial attire dating back to the time of the American Revolutionary War .", "Within the arms , a sword is drawn to represent the defense of the state 's constitution .", "An additional motto , In God We Trust , is positioned underneath these elements acting as the state 's `` foundation '' .", "The ring of stars that encompass the state 's coat of arms symbolize Georgia 's status as one of the original Thirteen Colonies .", "The design principle is based on the first national flag of the Confederacy , which was nicknamed the `` Stars and Bars '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The flag bears three stripes consisting of red-white-red, and a blue canton containing a ring of 13 white stars encompassing the state's coat of arms in gold. The words of the state motto, \"Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation\", are wrapped around the pillars, guarded by a male figure dressed in colonial attire dating back to the time of the American Revolutionary War. Within the arms, a sword is drawn to represent the defense of the state's constitution. An additional motto, In God We Trust, is positioned underneath these elements acting as the state's \"foundation.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "The flag bears three stripes consisting of red - white - red , and a blue canton containing a ring of 13 white stars encompassing the state 's coat of arms in gold .", "The words of the state motto , `` Wisdom , Justice , and Moderation '' , are wrapped around the pillars , guarded by a male figure dressed in colonial attire dating back to the time of the American Revolutionary War .", "Within the arms , a sword is drawn to represent the defense of the state 's constitution .", "An additional motto , In God We Trust , is positioned underneath these elements acting as the state 's `` foundation '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Barrett M82", "text": "Then the Army decided on the Barrett M82 , a semi-automatic rifle . In summer 2002 , the M82 finally emerged from its Army trial phase and was approved for `` full materiel release '' , meaning it was officially adopted as the Long Range Sniper Rifle , Caliber . 50 , M107 . The M107 uses a Leupold 4.5 -- 14 × 50 Mark 4 scope . Overwatch ", "sentences": [ "Then the Army decided on the Barrett M82 , a semi-automatic rifle .", "In summer 2002 , the M82 finally emerged from its Army trial phase and was approved for `` full materiel release '' , meaning it was officially adopted as the Long Range Sniper Rifle , Caliber .", "50 , M107 .", "The M107 uses a Leupold 4.5 -- 14 × 50 Mark 4 scope .", "Overwatch" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Barrett M82 is a semi-automatic rifle .\r\nThe M107 uses a Leupold 4.5 -- 14 × 50 Mark 4 scope .", "selected_sentences": [ "Then the Army decided on the Barrett M82 , a semi-automatic rifle .", "The M107 uses a Leupold 4.5 -- 14 × 50 Mark 4 scope ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Elias Samson", "text": "On April 10 , 2017 , Samson debuted on Raw , appearing on the stage briefly during an eight - man tag team match , as well as walking through the crowd during another match later that night . Samson continued to appear in the background playing this guitar during backstage segments over the next few weeks . On the May 22 episode of Raw , Samson made his in - ring debut , defeating Dean Ambrose by disqualification after The Miz intentionally attacked him . On the June 19 episode of Raw , as Samson was performing a song in the ring , Finn Bálor , who was making his entrance for his scheduled match against Bo Dallas , interrupted him . Later that night , Samson attacked Bálor as he was being interviewed backstage , telling him to `` never upstage him again '' , cementing his status as a heel . The following week on Raw , Samson teamed with Cesaro and Sheamus against Bálor and The Hardy Boyz in an six - man tag team match in a losing effort . On the July 10 episode of Raw , he lost to Finn Bálor . On the July 24 edition of Raw , Samson defeated Bálor in a no DQ match after interference by Bray Wyatt . Later that week , WWE began referring to Samson only by his first name of Elias , thus becoming his new ring name . ", "sentences": [ "On April 10 , 2017 , Samson debuted on Raw , appearing on the stage briefly during an eight - man tag team match , as well as walking through the crowd during another match later that night .", "Samson continued to appear in the background playing this guitar during backstage segments over the next few weeks .", "On the May 22 episode of Raw , Samson made his in - ring debut , defeating Dean Ambrose by disqualification after The Miz intentionally attacked him .", "On the June 19 episode of Raw , as Samson was performing a song in the ring , Finn Bálor , who was making his entrance for his scheduled match against Bo Dallas , interrupted him .", "Later that night , Samson attacked Bálor as he was being interviewed backstage , telling him to `` never upstage him again '' , cementing his status as a heel .", "The following week on Raw , Samson teamed with Cesaro and Sheamus against Bálor and The Hardy Boyz in an six - man tag team match in a losing effort .", "On the July 10 episode of Raw , he lost to Finn Bálor .", "On the July 24 edition of Raw , Samson defeated Bálor in a no DQ match after interference by Bray Wyatt .", "Later that week , WWE began referring to Samson only by his first name of Elias , thus becoming his new ring name ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "On April 10, 2017, Elias Samson debuted on Raw, appearing on the stage briefly during an eight - man tag team match. Samson continued to appear in the background playing this guitar during backstage segments over the next few weeks. On the June 19 episode of Raw, Samson was performing a song in the ring.", "selected_sentences": [ "On April 10 , 2017 , Samson debuted on Raw , appearing on the stage briefly during an eight - man tag team match , as well as walking through the crowd during another match later that night .", "Samson continued to appear in the background playing this guitar during backstage segments over the next few weeks .", "On the June 19 episode of Raw , as Samson was performing a song in the ring , Finn Bálor , who was making his entrance for his scheduled match against Bo Dallas , interrupted him ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "On April 10, 2017, Elias Samson debuted on Raw and continued to appear in the background playing this guitar during backstage segments over the next few weeks. Later that week of July 24, WWE began referring to Samson only by his first name of Elias.", "selected_sentences": [ "On April 10 , 2017 , Samson debuted on Raw , appearing on the stage briefly during an eight - man tag team match , as well as walking through the crowd during another match later that night .", "Samson continued to appear in the background playing this guitar during backstage segments over the next few weeks .", "Later that week , WWE began referring to Samson only by his first name of Elias , thus becoming his new ring name ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Theatre of ancient Greece", "text": "In a large open - air theatre , like the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens , the classical masks were able to create a sense of dread in the audience creating large scale panic , especially since they had intensely exaggerated facial features and expressions . They enabled an actor to appear and reappear in several different roles , thus preventing the audience from identifying the actor to one specific character . Their variations help the audience to distinguish sex , age , and social status , in addition to revealing a change in a particular character 's appearance , e.g. Oedipus after blinding himself . Unique masks were also created for specific characters and events in a play , such as The Furies in Aeschylus ' Eumenides and Pentheus and Cadmus in Euripides ' The Bacchae . Worn by the chorus , the masks created a sense of unity and uniformity , while representing a multi-voiced persona or single organism and simultaneously encouraged interdependency and a heightened sensitivity between each individual of the group . Only 2 - 3 actors were allowed on the stage at one time , and masks permitted quick transitions from one character to another . There were only male actors , but masks allowed them to play female characters . ", "sentences": [ "In a large open - air theatre , like the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens , the classical masks were able to create a sense of dread in the audience creating large scale panic , especially since they had intensely exaggerated facial features and expressions .", "They enabled an actor to appear and reappear in several different roles , thus preventing the audience from identifying the actor to one specific character .", "Their variations help the audience to distinguish sex , age , and social status , in addition to revealing a change in a particular character 's appearance , e.g. Oedipus after blinding himself .", "Unique masks were also created for specific characters and events in a play , such as The Furies in Aeschylus ' Eumenides and Pentheus and Cadmus in Euripides ' The Bacchae .", "Worn by the chorus , the masks created a sense of unity and uniformity , while representing a multi-voiced persona or single organism and simultaneously encouraged interdependency and a heightened sensitivity between each individual of the group .", "Only 2 - 3 actors were allowed on the stage at one time , and masks permitted quick transitions from one character to another .", "There were only male actors , but masks allowed them to play female characters ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In ancient Greek theaters, the masks helped create a sense of dread in the audience, and enabled actors to reappear in different roles, which helped the audience distinguish between characters. Masks also helped reveal change in a particular character, permitted quick transitions from one character to another as only 2-3 actors were allowed on the stage at one time and unique masks were created for specific characters and events in a play. In addition, masks allowed playing female characters when there were only male actors.", "selected_sentences": [ "In a large open - air theatre , like the Theatre of Dionysus in Athens , the classical masks were able to create a sense of dread in the audience creating large scale panic , especially since they had intensely exaggerated facial features and expressions .", "They enabled an actor to appear and reappear in several different roles , thus preventing the audience from identifying the actor to one specific character .", "Their variations help the audience to distinguish sex , age , and social status , in addition to revealing a change in a particular character 's appearance , e.g. Oedipus after blinding himself .", "Unique masks were also created for specific characters and events in a play , such as The Furies in Aeschylus ' Eumenides and Pentheus and Cadmus in Euripides ' The Bacchae .", "Only 2 - 3 actors were allowed on the stage at one time , and masks permitted quick transitions from one character to another .", "There were only male actors , but masks allowed them to play female characters ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Biomass", "text": "Wood remains the largest biomass energy source today ; examples include forest residues ( such as dead trees , branches and tree stumps ) , yard clippings , wood chips and even municipal solid waste . Wood energy is derived by using lignocellulosic biomass ( second - generation biofuels ) as fuel . Harvested wood may be used directly as a fuel or collected from wood waste streams to be processed into pellet fuel or other forms of fuels . The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or `` black liquor , '' a waste product from processes of the pulp , paper and paperboard industry . In the second sense , biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals , including biofuels . Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants , including miscanthus , switchgrass , hemp , corn , poplar , willow , sorghum , sugarcane , bamboo , and a variety of tree species , ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm ( palm oil ) . ", "sentences": [ "Wood remains the largest biomass energy source today ; examples include forest residues ( such as dead trees , branches and tree stumps ) , yard clippings , wood chips and even municipal solid waste .", "Wood energy is derived by using lignocellulosic biomass ( second - generation biofuels ) as fuel .", "Harvested wood may be used directly as a fuel or collected from wood waste streams to be processed into pellet fuel or other forms of fuels .", "The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or `` black liquor , '' a waste product from processes of the pulp , paper and paperboard industry .", "In the second sense , biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals , including biofuels .", "Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants , including miscanthus , switchgrass , hemp , corn , poplar , willow , sorghum , sugarcane , bamboo , and a variety of tree species , ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm ( palm oil ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Wood remains the largest biomass energy source today; examples include forest residues, yard clippings, wood chips and even municipal solid waste. In the second sense, biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals, including biofuels. Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants, including miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, and a variety of tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm.", "selected_sentences": [ "Wood remains the largest biomass energy source today ; examples include forest residues ( such as dead trees , branches and tree stumps ) , yard clippings , wood chips and even municipal solid waste .", "In the second sense , biomass includes plant or animal matter that can be converted into fibers or other industrial chemicals , including biofuels .", "Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous types of plants , including miscanthus , switchgrass , hemp , corn , poplar , willow , sorghum , sugarcane , bamboo , and a variety of tree species , ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm ( palm oil ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Subject-matter expert", "text": "A subject - matter expert ( SME ) or domain expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic . The term domain expert is frequently used in expert systems software development , and there the term always refers to the domain other than the software domain . A domain expert is a person with special knowledge or skills in a particular area of endeavour . ( An accountant is an expert in the domain of accountancy , for example . ) The development of accounting software requires knowledge in two different domains : accounting and software . Some of the development workers may be experts in one domain and not the other . A SME should also have basic knowledge of other technical subjects . ", "sentences": [ "A subject - matter expert ( SME ) or domain expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic .", "The term domain expert is frequently used in expert systems software development , and there the term always refers to the domain other than the software domain .", "A domain expert is a person with special knowledge or skills in a particular area of endeavour .", "( An accountant is an expert in the domain of accountancy , for example . )", "The development of accounting software requires knowledge in two different domains : accounting and software .", "Some of the development workers may be experts in one domain and not the other .", "A SME should also have basic knowledge of other technical subjects ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A subject - matter expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic with special knowledge or skills .", "selected_sentences": [ "A subject - matter expert ( SME ) or domain expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic .", "A domain expert is a person with special knowledge or skills in a particular area of endeavour ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A subject - matter expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic with special knowledge or skills in addition to basic knowledge of other technical subjects.", "selected_sentences": [ "A subject - matter expert ( SME ) or domain expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic .", "A domain expert is a person with special knowledge or skills in a particular area of endeavour .", "A SME should also have basic knowledge of other technical subjects ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Spinal cord", "text": "The spinal cord is a long , thin , tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column . The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system ( CNS ) . In humans , the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum , and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae . The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae where it ends . The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord . It is around 45 cm ( 18 in ) in men and around 43 cm ( 17 in ) long in women . Also , the spinal cord has a varying width , ranging from 13 mm ( ⁄ in ) thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm ( ⁄ in ) thick in the thoracic area . ", "sentences": [ "The spinal cord is a long , thin , tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column .", "The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system ( CNS ) .", "In humans , the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum , and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae .", "The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae where it ends .", "The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord .", "It is around 45 cm ( 18 in ) in men and around 43 cm ( 17 in ) long in women .", "Also , the spinal cord has a varying width , ranging from 13 mm ( ⁄ in ) thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm ( ⁄ in ) thick in the thoracic area ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae. The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae where it ends.", "selected_sentences": [ "The spinal cord is a long , thin , tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column .", "In humans , the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum , and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae .", "The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae where it ends ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Angular cheilitis", "text": "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection , irritation , or allergies . Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph . aureus . Irritants include poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth , sun exposure , overclosure of the mouth , smoking , and minor trauma . Allergies may include to substances like toothpaste , makeup , and food . Often a number of factors are involved . Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function . Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies . ", "sentences": [ "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection , irritation , or allergies .", "Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph .", "aureus .", "Irritants include poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth , sun exposure , overclosure of the mouth , smoking , and minor trauma .", "Allergies may include to substances like toothpaste , makeup , and food .", "Often a number of factors are involved .", "Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function .", "Diagnosis may be helped by testing for infections and patch testing for allergies ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Angular cheilitis may be caused by infection , irritation , or allergies, such as poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth , sun exposure , overclosure of the mouth , smoking , and minor trauma .", "selected_sentences": [ "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection , irritation , or allergies .", "Irritants include poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth , sun exposure , overclosure of the mouth , smoking , and minor trauma ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Infection , irritation , or allergies can affect the mouth and cause angular cheilitis. The infection can be caused by fungi and bacteria. Irritation can be caused by poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , smoking , and minor trauma. Allergies may be because of toothpaste , makeup , and food. Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function .", "selected_sentences": [ "Angular cheilitis can be caused by infection , irritation , or allergies .", "Infections include by fungi such as Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staph .", "Irritants include poorly fitting dentures , licking the lips or drooling , mouth breathing resulting in a dry mouth , sun exposure , overclosure of the mouth , smoking , and minor trauma .", "Allergies may include to substances like toothpaste , makeup , and food .", "Other factors may include poor nutrition or poor immune function ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gun laws in Mississippi", "text": "Mississippi is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry . The Mississippi Department of Public Safety shall issue a license to carry a concealed pistol or revolver to a qualified applicant within 45 days . The license is valid for five years . Concealed carry is not allowed in a school , courthouse , police station , detention facility , government meeting place , polling place , establishment primarily devoted to dispensing alcoholic beverages , athletic event , parade or demonstration for which a permit is required , passenger terminal of an airport , `` place of nuisance '' as defined in Mississippi Code section 95 -- 3 -- 1 , or a location where a sign is posted and clearly visible from at least ten feet away saying that the `` carrying of a pistol or revolver is prohibited '' . A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry beginning July 1 , 2013 ( see above ) . A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle . As of April 15 , 2016 , a license is not required to carry concealed in certain manners ( see above ) , effectively legalizing constitutional carry . Additionally , churches are now covered under the Castle Doctrine and state / local law enforcement are barred from enforcing federal regulations / executive orders not approved by Congress that violate the U.S. Constitution or Mississippi Constitution . ", "sentences": [ "Mississippi is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry .", "The Mississippi Department of Public Safety shall issue a license to carry a concealed pistol or revolver to a qualified applicant within 45 days .", "The license is valid for five years .", "Concealed carry is not allowed in a school , courthouse , police station , detention facility , government meeting place , polling place , establishment primarily devoted to dispensing alcoholic beverages , athletic event , parade or demonstration for which a permit is required , passenger terminal of an airport , `` place of nuisance '' as defined in Mississippi Code section 95 -- 3 -- 1 , or a location where a sign is posted and clearly visible from at least ten feet away saying that the `` carrying of a pistol or revolver is prohibited '' .", "A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry beginning July 1 , 2013 ( see above ) .", "A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle .", "As of April 15 , 2016 , a license is not required to carry concealed in certain manners ( see above ) , effectively legalizing constitutional carry .", "Additionally , churches are now covered under the Castle Doctrine and state / local law enforcement are barred from enforcing federal regulations / executive orders not approved by Congress that violate the U.S. Constitution or Mississippi Constitution ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Mississippi is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry. A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry beginning July 1 , 2013. A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle. As of April 15 , 2016 , a license is not required to carry concealed in certain manners ( see above ) , effectively legalizing constitutional carry.", "selected_sentences": [ "Mississippi is a `` shall issue '' state for concealed carry .", "A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry beginning July 1 , 2013 ( see above ) .", "A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle .", "As of April 15 , 2016 , a license is not required to carry concealed in certain manners ( see above ) , effectively legalizing constitutional carry ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Run (Snow Patrol song)", "text": "Snow Patrol 's frontman , Gary Lightbody , conceived the idea of writing `` Run '' in 2000 . In an interview with Michael Odell , from Q magazine , Lightbody explained the song was not written about `` being a child '' , as he tended to say . He described : `` I was on a massive bender and one night I was drinking in the bar of the Glasgow School of Art . I fell down a full flight of stairs . Jonny Quinn found me in the stairwell with blood coming out of my head ... I split my head open and my eye was closed and I lost a few teeth ... I wrote Run soon after on this little guitar I 'd tried to smash up in my shitty little room near Hillhead . The words ' Light up , light up ' gave me this sense of a beacon . '' In an interview with Daily Mail in 2009 , Lightbody added : `` We had nothing . I was in a flat in Glasgow . No doubt it was raining . The song was me writing about an imagined world , projecting myself into better times . '' Beside Lightbody , it was written by Quinn , Nathan Connolly , Mark McClelland and Iain Archer . ", "sentences": [ "Snow Patrol 's frontman , Gary Lightbody , conceived the idea of writing `` Run '' in 2000 .", "In an interview with Michael Odell , from Q magazine , Lightbody explained the song was not written about `` being a child '' , as he tended to say .", "He described : `` I was on a massive bender and one night I was drinking in the bar of the Glasgow School of Art .", "I fell down a full flight of stairs .", "Jonny Quinn found me in the stairwell with blood coming out of my head ...", "I split my head open and my eye was closed and I lost a few teeth ...", "I wrote Run soon after on this little guitar I 'd tried to smash up in my shitty little room near Hillhead .", "The words ' Light up , light up ' gave me this sense of a beacon . ''", "In an interview with Daily Mail in 2009 , Lightbody added : `` We had nothing .", "I was in a flat in Glasgow .", "No doubt it was raining .", "The song was me writing about an imagined world , projecting myself into better times . ''", "Beside Lightbody , it was written by Quinn , Nathan Connolly , Mark McClelland and Iain Archer ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Lightbody explained the song was not written about \"being a child,\" as he tended to say. He described: \"I was on a massive bender and one night I was drinking in the bar of the Glasgow School of Art. I fell down a full flight of stairs. Jonny Quinn found me in the stairwell with blood coming out of my head... I split my head open and my eye was closed and I lost a few teeth... I wrote Run soon after on this little guitar I'd tried to smash up in my shitty little room near Hillhead. The words 'Light up, light up' gave me this sense of a beacon.\" In an interview with Daily Mail in 2009, Lightbody added: \"We had nothing. The song was me writing about an imagined world, projecting myself into better times.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "In an interview with Michael Odell , from Q magazine , Lightbody explained the song was not written about `` being a child '' , as he tended to say .", "He described : `` I was on a massive bender and one night I was drinking in the bar of the Glasgow School of Art .", "I fell down a full flight of stairs .", "Jonny Quinn found me in the stairwell with blood coming out of my head ...", "I split my head open and my eye was closed and I lost a few teeth ...", "I wrote Run soon after on this little guitar I 'd tried to smash up in my shitty little room near Hillhead .", "The words ' Light up , light up ' gave me this sense of a beacon . ''", "In an interview with Daily Mail in 2009 , Lightbody added : `` We had nothing .", "The song was me writing about an imagined world , projecting myself into better times . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Polygonum perfoliatum", "text": "Polygonum perfoliatum ( syn . Persicaria perfoliata ) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family . Common names include mile - a-minute weed , devil 's tail , giant climbing tearthumb , and Asiatic tearthumb . It is a trailing herbaceous annual vine with barbed stems and triangular leaves . It is native to most of temperate and tropical eastern Asia , from eastern Russia in the north down to the Philippines and India in the south . ", "sentences": [ "Polygonum perfoliatum ( syn .", "Persicaria perfoliata ) is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family .", "Common names include mile - a-minute weed , devil 's tail , giant climbing tearthumb , and Asiatic tearthumb .", "It is a trailing herbaceous annual vine with barbed stems and triangular leaves .", "It is native to most of temperate and tropical eastern Asia , from eastern Russia in the north down to the Philippines and India in the south ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Polygonum perfoliatum, mile - a-minute weed, is native to most of temperate and tropical eastern Asia , from eastern Russia in the north down to the Philippines and India in the south.", "selected_sentences": [ "Polygonum perfoliatum ( syn .", "Common names include mile - a-minute weed , devil 's tail , giant climbing tearthumb , and Asiatic tearthumb .", "It is native to most of temperate and tropical eastern Asia , from eastern Russia in the north down to the Philippines and India in the south ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kuiper belt", "text": "The Kuiper belt ( / ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation : ( ' kœy̯pər ) ) , occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt , is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System , extending from the orbit of Neptune ( at 30 AU ) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun . It is similar to the asteroid belt , but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive . Like the asteroid belt , it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed . While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal , most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles ( termed `` ices '' ) , such as methane , ammonia and water . The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets : Pluto , Haumea and Makemake . Some of the Solar System 's moons , such as Neptune 's Triton and Saturn 's Phoebe , may have originated in the region . ", "sentences": [ "The Kuiper belt ( / ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation : ( ' kœy̯pər ) ) , occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt , is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System , extending from the orbit of Neptune ( at 30 AU ) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun .", "It is similar to the asteroid belt , but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive .", "Like the asteroid belt , it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed .", "While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal , most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles ( termed `` ices '' ) , such as methane , ammonia and water .", "The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets : Pluto , Haumea and Makemake .", "Some of the Solar System 's moons , such as Neptune 's Triton and Saturn 's Phoebe , may have originated in the region ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Kuiper belt , is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System , extending from the orbit of Neptune to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets : Pluto , Haumea and Makemake .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Kuiper belt ( / ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation : ( ' kœy̯pər ) ) , occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt , is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System , extending from the orbit of Neptune ( at 30 AU ) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun .", "The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets : Pluto , Haumea and Makemake ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Kuiper belt is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed, and most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles such as methane, ammonia and water. It is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Kuiper belt ( / ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation : ( ' kœy̯pər ) ) , occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt , is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System , extending from the orbit of Neptune ( at 30 AU ) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun .", "Like the asteroid belt , it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed .", "While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal , most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles ( termed `` ices '' ) , such as methane , ammonia and water .", "The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets : Pluto , Haumea and Makemake ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Pro Football Hall of Fame Game", "text": "The two teams that play in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game are typically selected by the league in advance of the remainder of the preseason schedule . The participants are usually announced around the time that the new Hall of Fame members are announced , which coincides with Super Bowl week . Often , if a particularly notable player will be entering the Hall of Fame that year , a team they were strongly associated with may be selected to play in the game to help maximize attendance and publicity of the game itself . From 1971 to 2010 , the opponents for each game usually included one AFC team and one NFC team . In 2009 , as recognition of the 50th anniversary of the American Football League , the game paired two AFC teams who were part of the `` original eight '' franchises of the AFL , the Tennessee Titans ( dressed as their previous incarnation , the Houston Oilers ) and the Buffalo Bills , whose owner , Ralph Wilson , was inducted into the Hall that year . An all - NFC matchup was scheduled for 2011 , but it was canceled due to the 2011 NFL lockout ; the following year , another intra-conference matchup of two NFC teams took its place . From 2011 onward , each team selected to play in the game has had at least one prominent alumnus being inducted into the Hall that year . ", "sentences": [ "The two teams that play in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game are typically selected by the league in advance of the remainder of the preseason schedule .", "The participants are usually announced around the time that the new Hall of Fame members are announced , which coincides with Super Bowl week .", "Often , if a particularly notable player will be entering the Hall of Fame that year , a team they were strongly associated with may be selected to play in the game to help maximize attendance and publicity of the game itself .", "From 1971 to 2010 , the opponents for each game usually included one AFC team and one NFC team .", "In 2009 , as recognition of the 50th anniversary of the American Football League , the game paired two AFC teams who were part of the `` original eight '' franchises of the AFL , the Tennessee Titans ( dressed as their previous incarnation , the Houston Oilers ) and the Buffalo Bills , whose owner , Ralph Wilson , was inducted into the Hall that year .", "An all - NFC matchup was scheduled for 2011 , but it was canceled due to the 2011 NFL lockout ; the following year , another intra-conference matchup of two NFC teams took its place .", "From 2011 onward , each team selected to play in the game has had at least one prominent alumnus being inducted into the Hall that year ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The two teams that play in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game are typically selected by the league in advance of the remainder of the preseason schedule. Often, if a particularly notable player will be entering the Hall of Fame that year, a team they were strongly associated with may be selected to play in the game to help maximize attendance and publicity of the game itself. From 2011 onward, each team selected to play in the game has had at least one prominent alumnus being inducted into the Hall that year.", "selected_sentences": [ "The two teams that play in the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game are typically selected by the league in advance of the remainder of the preseason schedule .", "Often , if a particularly notable player will be entering the Hall of Fame that year , a team they were strongly associated with may be selected to play in the game to help maximize attendance and publicity of the game itself .", "From 2011 onward , each team selected to play in the game has had at least one prominent alumnus being inducted into the Hall that year ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Julian calendar", "text": "The Julian calendar has two types of year : `` normal '' years of 365 days and `` leap '' years of 366 days . There is a simple cycle of three `` normal '' years followed by a leap year and this pattern repeats forever without exception . The Julian year is , therefore , on average 365.25 days long . Consequently the Julian year drifts over time with respect to the tropical ( solar ) year . Although Greek astronomers had known , at least since Hipparchus , a century before the Julian reform , that the tropical year was slightly shorter than 365.25 days , the calendar did not compensate for this difference . As a result , the calendar year gains about three days every four centuries compared to observed equinox times and the seasons . This discrepancy was corrected by the Gregorian reform of 1582 . The Gregorian calendar has the same months and month lengths as the Julian calendar , but , in the Gregorian calendar , year numbers evenly divisible by 100 are not leap years , except that those evenly divisible by 400 remain leap years . This means since 16 February Julian ( 1 March 1900 Gregorian ) and until 15 February Julian ( 28 February 2100 Gregorian ) Julian is 13 days behind Gregorian and the disparity will widen . ", "sentences": [ "The Julian calendar has two types of year : `` normal '' years of 365 days and `` leap '' years of 366 days .", "There is a simple cycle of three `` normal '' years followed by a leap year and this pattern repeats forever without exception .", "The Julian year is , therefore , on average 365.25 days long .", "Consequently the Julian year drifts over time with respect to the tropical ( solar ) year .", "Although Greek astronomers had known , at least since Hipparchus , a century before the Julian reform , that the tropical year was slightly shorter than 365.25 days , the calendar did not compensate for this difference .", "As a result , the calendar year gains about three days every four centuries compared to observed equinox times and the seasons .", "This discrepancy was corrected by the Gregorian reform of 1582 .", "The Gregorian calendar has the same months and month lengths as the Julian calendar , but , in the Gregorian calendar , year numbers evenly divisible by 100 are not leap years , except that those evenly divisible by 400 remain leap years .", "This means since 16 February Julian ( 1 March 1900 Gregorian ) and until 15 February Julian ( 28 February 2100 Gregorian )", "Julian is 13 days behind Gregorian and the disparity will widen ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Julian calendar has two types of year: \"normal\" years of 365 days and \"leap\" years of 366 days. There is a simple cycle of three \"normal\" years followed by a leap year and this pattern repeats forever without exception. \r\n The Julian year is, therefore, on average 365.25 days long. As a result, the calendar year gains about three days every four centuries compared to observed equinox times and the seasons. The Gregorian calendar has the same months and month lengths as the Julian calendar, but, in the Gregorian calendar, year numbers evenly divisible by 100 are not leap years, except that those evenly divisible by 400 remain leap years. This means since 16 February Julian (1 March 1900 Gregorian) and until 15 February Julian (28 February 2100 Gregorian) Julian is 13 days behind Gregorian and the disparity will widen.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Julian calendar has two types of year : `` normal '' years of 365 days and `` leap '' years of 366 days .", "There is a simple cycle of three `` normal '' years followed by a leap year and this pattern repeats forever without exception .", "The Julian year is , therefore , on average 365.25 days long .", "As a result , the calendar year gains about three days every four centuries compared to observed equinox times and the seasons .", "The Gregorian calendar has the same months and month lengths as the Julian calendar , but , in the Gregorian calendar , year numbers evenly divisible by 100 are not leap years , except that those evenly divisible by 400 remain leap years .", "This means since 16 February Julian ( 1 March 1900 Gregorian ) and until 15 February Julian ( 28 February 2100 Gregorian )", "Julian is 13 days behind Gregorian and the disparity will widen ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Angel of the Lord", "text": "The Angel of the LORD or `` an Angel of the LORD '' ( מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה Malakh YHWH `` Messenger of Yahweh '' , LXX ἄγγελος Κυρίου ) is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ) on behalf of God ( Yahweh ) . The term malakh YHWH , in English translation usually accompanied with the definite article , King James Version `` the angel of the LORD '' , occurs 65 times in the text of the Hebrew Bible . In some instances it is made clear that the reference is to a theophany , i.e. an appearance of YHWH himself rather than a separate entity acting on his behalf . The related expression Angel of the Presence occurs only once ( Isaiah 63 : 9 ) . The New Testament uses the term `` angel of the Lord '' ( ἄγγελος Κυρίου ) several times , once ( Luke 1 : 11 -- 19 ) identified with Gabriel . ", "sentences": [ "The Angel of the LORD or `` an Angel of the LORD '' ( מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה Malakh YHWH `` Messenger of Yahweh '' , LXX ἄγγελος Κυρίου ) is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ) on behalf of God ( Yahweh ) .", "The term malakh YHWH , in English translation usually accompanied with the definite article , King James Version `` the angel of the LORD '' , occurs 65 times in the text of the Hebrew Bible .", "In some instances it is made clear that the reference is to a theophany , i.e. an appearance of YHWH himself rather than a separate entity acting on his behalf .", "The related expression Angel of the Presence occurs only once ( Isaiah 63 : 9 ) .", "The New Testament uses the term `` angel of the Lord '' ( ἄγγελος Κυρίου )", "several times , once ( Luke 1 : 11 -- 19 ) identified with Gabriel ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Angel of the LORD is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible on behalf of God. In some instances it is made clear that the reference is to a theophany, i.e. an appearance of YHWH himself rather than a separate entity acting on his behalf.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Angel of the LORD or `` an Angel of the LORD '' ( מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה Malakh YHWH `` Messenger of Yahweh '' , LXX ἄγγελος Κυρίου ) is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ) on behalf of God ( Yahweh ) .", "In some instances it is made clear that the reference is to a theophany , i.e. an appearance of YHWH himself rather than a separate entity acting on his behalf ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Angel of the LORD is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible on behalf of God. In some instances, it refers to a theophany, i.e. an appearance of YHWH himself rather than a separate entity acting on his behalf.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Angel of the LORD or `` an Angel of the LORD '' ( מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה Malakh YHWH `` Messenger of Yahweh '' , LXX ἄγγελος Κυρίου ) is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ) on behalf of God ( Yahweh ) .", "In some instances it is made clear that the reference is to a theophany , i.e. an appearance of YHWH himself rather than a separate entity acting on his behalf ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "New Deal", "text": "The New Deal was a series of programs , public work projects , financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in response to the Great Depression . Some of these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) , the Civil Works Administration ( CWA ) , the Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) , the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 ( NIRA ) and the Social Security Administration ( SSA ) . These programs included support for farmers , the unemployed , youth and the elderly . It included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply . New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt . The programs focused on what historians refer to as the `` 3 Rs '' : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression . The New Deal produced a political realignment , making the Democratic Party the majority ( as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 -- 1969 ) with its base in liberal ideas , the South , traditional Democrats , big city machines and the newly empowered labor unions and ethnic minorities . The Republicans were split , with conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as hostile to business and economic growth and liberals in support . The realignment crystallized into the New Deal coalition that dominated presidential elections into the 1960s while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1937 -- 1964 . ", "sentences": [ "The New Deal was a series of programs , public work projects , financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in response to the Great Depression .", "Some of these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC ) , the Civil Works Administration ( CWA ) , the Farm Security Administration ( FSA ) , the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 ( NIRA ) and the Social Security Administration ( SSA ) .", "These programs included support for farmers , the unemployed , youth and the elderly .", "It included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply .", "New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt .", "The programs focused on what historians refer to as the `` 3 Rs '' : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression .", "The New Deal produced a political realignment , making the Democratic Party the majority ( as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 -- 1969 ) with its base in liberal ideas , the South , traditional Democrats , big city machines and the newly empowered labor unions and ethnic minorities .", "The Republicans were split , with conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as hostile to business and economic growth and liberals in support .", "The realignment crystallized into the New Deal coalition that dominated presidential elections into the 1960s while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1937 -- 1964 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in response to the Great Depression. The programs focused on what historians refer to as the ``3 Rs'': relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.", "selected_sentences": [ "The New Deal was a series of programs , public work projects , financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in response to the Great Depression .", "The programs focused on what historians refer to as the `` 3 Rs '' : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The New Deal programs included support for farmers , the unemployed , youth and the elderly. The New Deal included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply. The programs focused on what historians refer to as the `` 3 Rs '' : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression .", "selected_sentences": [ "The New Deal was a series of programs , public work projects , financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936 in response to the Great Depression .", "These programs included support for farmers , the unemployed , youth and the elderly .", "It included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply .", "The programs focused on what historians refer to as the `` 3 Rs '' : relief for the unemployed and poor , recovery of the economy back to normal levels and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Facts in the Case of Mister Hollow", "text": "The film opens with a brief pan over several papers , one of which shows a symbol resembling the Caduceus but with bat wings and the one word question `` Keres '' ? The film then shows a news clipping with a headline that states that a child has disappeared and is believed to be one of an estimated 100 victims . A by - line shown in the same clipping mentions that paganism is currently flourishing in northern Ontario . Along with the clipping is a note that comments that enclosed with the clipping is a photograph and that the reader should look closely at it . The photo initially shows four adults , three men and one woman , standing in a forest with a house looming at their back and a car on their left . The woman is holding an infant and initially nothing seems odd about the photo . The majority of the film follows , as the camera zooms in and pans across the photo repeatedly . With each pass of the camera , details of the scene shift and become more sinister : some are merely points of interest that could easily be missed , such as markings on the hands of the three adult males , a car mirror showing blood spatters and a body in the car 's back seat , and crosses nailed to trees . Others are more obvious , such as one of the men beginning to light a fire made up of several crucifixes . Eventually the photo reveals two additional people in the background , two priests holding a shotgun that appears to be ready to fire upon the group . As the short concludes it becomes apparent that the woman is not there of her own volition -- her expression having become horrified in the most recent examination -- and the film ends with the revelation that there is a final person in the image , a cloaked and menacing figure reflected in the sunglasses worn by one of the men . ", "sentences": [ "The film opens with a brief pan over several papers , one of which shows a symbol resembling the Caduceus but with bat wings and the one word question `` Keres '' ?", "The film then shows a news clipping with a headline that states that a child has disappeared and is believed to be one of an estimated 100 victims .", "A by - line shown in the same clipping mentions that paganism is currently flourishing in northern Ontario .", "Along with the clipping is a note that comments that enclosed with the clipping is a photograph and that the reader should look closely at it .", "The photo initially shows four adults , three men and one woman , standing in a forest with a house looming at their back and a car on their left .", "The woman is holding an infant and initially nothing seems odd about the photo .", "The majority of the film follows , as the camera zooms in and pans across the photo repeatedly .", "With each pass of the camera , details of the scene shift and become more sinister : some are merely points of interest that could easily be missed , such as markings on the hands of the three adult males , a car mirror showing blood spatters and a body in the car 's back seat , and crosses nailed to trees .", "Others are more obvious , such as one of the men beginning to light a fire made up of several crucifixes .", "Eventually the photo reveals two additional people in the background , two priests holding a shotgun that appears to be ready to fire upon the group .", "As the short concludes it becomes apparent that the woman is not there of her own volition -- her expression having become horrified in the most recent examination -- and the film ends with the revelation that there is a final person in the image , a cloaked and menacing figure reflected in the sunglasses worn by one of the men ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The film \"The Facts in the Case of Mister Hollow\" opens with a brief pan over several papers, one of which shows a symbol resembling the Caduceus but with bat wings and the one word question ``Keres''? The film then shows a news clipping with a headline that states that a child has disappeared and is believed to be one of an estimated 100 victims. Along with the clipping is a note that comments that enclosed with the clipping is a photograph and that the reader should look closely at it. The photo initially shows four adults, three men and one woman. With each pass of the camera, details of the scene shift and become more sinister: some are merely points of interest that could easily be missed, such as markings on the hands of the three adult males, a car mirror showing blood spatters and a body in the car's back seat, and crosses nailed to trees. Eventually the photo reveals two additional people in the background, two priests holding a shotgun that appears to be ready to fire upon the group. As the short concludes it becomes apparent that the woman is not there of her own volition - her expression having become horrified in the most recent examination - and the film ends with the revelation that there is a final person in the image, a cloaked and menacing figure reflected in the sunglasses worn by one of the men.", "selected_sentences": [ "The film opens with a brief pan over several papers , one of which shows a symbol resembling the Caduceus but with bat wings and the one word question `` Keres '' ?", "The film then shows a news clipping with a headline that states that a child has disappeared and is believed to be one of an estimated 100 victims .", "Along with the clipping is a note that comments that enclosed with the clipping is a photograph and that the reader should look closely at it .", "The photo initially shows four adults , three men and one woman , standing in a forest with a house looming at their back and a car on their left .", "With each pass of the camera , details of the scene shift and become more sinister : some are merely points of interest that could easily be missed , such as markings on the hands of the three adult males , a car mirror showing blood spatters and a body in the car 's back seat , and crosses nailed to trees .", "Eventually the photo reveals two additional people in the background , two priests holding a shotgun that appears to be ready to fire upon the group .", "As the short concludes it becomes apparent that the woman is not there of her own volition -- her expression having become horrified in the most recent examination -- and the film ends with the revelation that there is a final person in the image , a cloaked and menacing figure reflected in the sunglasses worn by one of the men ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Bob's your uncle", "text": "... And Bob 's your uncle is an expression of unknown origin , that means `` and there it is '' or `` and there you have it . '' It is commonly used in Great Britain and Commonwealth countries . Typically , someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached . The meaning is similar to that of the French expression `` et voilà ! '' ", "sentences": [ "...", "And Bob 's your uncle is an expression of unknown origin , that means `` and there it is '' or `` and there you have it . ''", "It is commonly used in Great Britain and Commonwealth countries .", "Typically , someone says it to conclude a set of simple instructions or when a result is reached .", "The meaning is similar to that of the French expression `` et voilà ! ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Bob 's your uncle is an expression of unknown origin. The meaning is similar to that of the French expression ``et voilà!''.", "selected_sentences": [ "And Bob 's your uncle is an expression of unknown origin , that means `` and there it is '' or `` and there you have it . ''", "The meaning is similar to that of the French expression `` et voilà ! ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Finances of the British royal family", "text": "The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources . The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures . This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences , staffing , travel and state visits , public engagements , and official entertainment . Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments . The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer 's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign 's financial affairs . ", "sentences": [ "The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources .", "The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures .", "This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences , staffing , travel and state visits , public engagements , and official entertainment .", "Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments .", "The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer 's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign 's financial affairs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources. The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant, a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate. Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, a parliamentary annuity, and income from private investments.", "selected_sentences": [ "The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources .", "The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures .", "Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cell wall", "text": "The composition of cell walls varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage . The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin . Often , other polymers such as lignin , suberin or cutin are anchored to or embedded in plant cell walls . Algae possess cell walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and agar that are absent from land plants . In bacteria , the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan . The cell walls of archaea have various compositions , and may be formed of glycoprotein S - layers , pseudopeptidoglycan , or polysaccharides . Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin . Unusually , diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica . ", "sentences": [ "The composition of cell walls varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage .", "The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin .", "Often , other polymers such as lignin , suberin or cutin are anchored to or embedded in plant cell walls .", "Algae possess cell walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and agar that are absent from land plants .", "In bacteria , the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan .", "The cell walls of archaea have various compositions , and may be formed of glycoprotein S - layers , pseudopeptidoglycan , or polysaccharides .", "Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin .", "Unusually , diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The composition of cell walls varies between species. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin. Algae possess cell walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. A bacteria cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. Archaea cell walls have various compositions, and may be formed of glycoprotein S - layers, pseudopeptidoglycan or polysaccharides. Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin. Diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica.", "selected_sentences": [ "The composition of cell walls varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage .", "The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin .", "Algae possess cell walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and agar that are absent from land plants .", "In bacteria , the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan .", "The cell walls of archaea have various compositions , and may be formed of glycoprotein S - layers , pseudopeptidoglycan , or polysaccharides .", "Fungi possess cell walls made of the glucosamine polymer chitin .", "Unusually , diatoms have a cell wall composed of biogenic silica ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The composition of cell walls varies between species. The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin. Algae possess cell walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides.", "selected_sentences": [ "The composition of cell walls varies between species and may depend on cell type and developmental stage .", "The primary cell wall of land plants is composed of the polysaccharides cellulose , hemicellulose and pectin .", "Algae possess cell walls made of glycoproteins and polysaccharides such as carrageenan and agar that are absent from land plants ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Call Me by Your Name (film)", "text": "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona . It was shot during an unexpected historic rainstorm in Italy , described by the weather reports as a `` once - in - century rain . '' The pre-production in Crema was fast : a search for extras began there in March and April . Scenes from the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from 17 May , before moving to Crema on 1 June . Additional outdoor scenes were shot on 4 December 2016 . Several historical locations in the surrounding streets in Crema and Pandino were chosen during production , including the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral . Businesses received compensation for financial losses caused by the closure , scheduled for 30 and 31 May . Two days ' filming at the cathedral were postponed due to the weather . Production in Crema cost € 18,000 , with a promotion campaign that cost € 7,500 . ", "sentences": [ "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona .", "It was shot during an unexpected historic rainstorm in Italy , described by the weather reports as a `` once - in - century rain . ''", "The pre-production in Crema was fast : a search for extras began there in March and April .", "Scenes from the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from 17 May , before moving to Crema on 1 June .", "Additional outdoor scenes were shot on 4 December 2016 .", "Several historical locations in the surrounding streets in Crema and Pandino were chosen during production , including the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral .", "Businesses received compensation for financial losses caused by the closure , scheduled for 30 and 31 May .", "Two days ' filming at the cathedral were postponed due to the weather .", "Production in Crema cost € 18,000 , with a promotion campaign that cost € 7,500 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona, the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano, and the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral.", "selected_sentences": [ "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona .", "Scenes from the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from 17 May , before moving to Crema on 1 June .", "Several historical locations in the surrounding streets in Crema and Pandino were chosen during production , including the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona, in Italy, the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano, and the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral.", "selected_sentences": [ "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona .", "It was shot during an unexpected historic rainstorm in Italy , described by the weather reports as a `` once - in - century rain . ''", "Scenes from the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from 17 May , before moving to Crema on 1 June .", "Several historical locations in the surrounding streets in Crema and Pandino were chosen during production , including the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Natural gas", "text": "Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates . Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found in close proximity to and with natural gas . Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms : biogenic and thermogenic . Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes , bogs , landfills , and shallow sediments . Deeper in the earth , at greater temperature and pressure , thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material . ", "sentences": [ "Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates .", "Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found in close proximity to and with natural gas .", "Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms : biogenic and thermogenic .", "Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes , bogs , landfills , and shallow sediments .", "Deeper in the earth , at greater temperature and pressure , thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates. Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at greater temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material.", "selected_sentences": [ "Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates .", "Biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes , bogs , landfills , and shallow sediments .", "Deeper in the earth , at greater temperature and pressure , thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Strawberry Fields Forever", "text": "Strawberry Field was the name of a Salvation Army children 's home close to John Lennon 's childhood home in Woolton , a suburb of Liverpool . Lennon and his friends Pete Shotton , Nigel Walley and Ivan Vaughan used to play in the wooded garden behind the home . One of Lennon 's childhood treats was the garden party held each summer in Calderstones Park , near the home , where a Salvation Army brass band played . Lennon 's aunt Mimi Smith recalled : `` There was something about the place that always fascinated John . He could see it from his window ... He used to hear the Salvation Army band ( playing at the garden party ) , and he would pull me along , saying , ' Hurry up , Mimi -- we 're going to be late . ' '' ", "sentences": [ "Strawberry Field was the name of a Salvation Army children 's home close to John Lennon 's childhood home in Woolton , a suburb of Liverpool .", "Lennon and his friends Pete Shotton , Nigel Walley and Ivan Vaughan used to play in the wooded garden behind the home .", "One of Lennon 's childhood treats was the garden party held each summer in Calderstones Park , near the home , where a Salvation Army brass band played .", "Lennon 's aunt Mimi Smith recalled : `` There was something about the place that always fascinated John .", "He could see it from his window ...", "He used to hear the Salvation Army band ( playing at the garden party ) , and he would pull me along , saying , ' Hurry up , Mimi -- we 're going to be late . ' ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Strawberry Field was the name of a Salvation Army children's home close to John Lennon 's childhood home in Woolton, a suburb of Liverpool.\r\nOne of Lennon 's childhood treats was the garden party held each summer in Calderstones Park, near the home, where a Salvation Army brass band played.", "selected_sentences": [ "Strawberry Field was the name of a Salvation Army children 's home close to John Lennon 's childhood home in Woolton , a suburb of Liverpool .", "One of Lennon 's childhood treats was the garden party held each summer in Calderstones Park , near the home , where a Salvation Army brass band played ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Gun laws in Texas", "text": "There is no legal statute specifically prohibiting the carry of a firearm other than a handgun ( pre-1899 black powder weapons , and replicas of such , are not legally firearms in Texas ) . However , if the firearm is displayed in a manner `` calculated to cause alarm , '' then it is `` disorderly conduct '' . Open carry of a handgun in public had long been illegal in Texas , except when the carrier was on property he / she owned or had lawful control over , was legally hunting , or was participating in some gun - related public event such as a gun show . However , the 2015 Texas Legislature passed a bill to allow concealed handgun permit holders to begin carrying handguns openly . The bill was signed into law on June 13 , 2015 , and took effect on January 1 , 2016 . A License to Carry ( LTC ) is still required to carry a handgun openly or concealed in public . ", "sentences": [ "There is no legal statute specifically prohibiting the carry of a firearm other than a handgun ( pre-1899 black powder weapons , and replicas of such , are not legally firearms in Texas ) .", "However , if the firearm is displayed in a manner `` calculated to cause alarm , '' then it is `` disorderly conduct '' .", "Open carry of a handgun in public had long been illegal in Texas , except when the carrier was on property he / she owned or had lawful control over , was legally hunting , or was participating in some gun - related public event such as a gun show .", "However , the 2015 Texas Legislature passed a bill to allow concealed handgun permit holders to begin carrying handguns openly .", "The bill was signed into law on June 13 , 2015 , and took effect on January 1 , 2016 .", "A License to Carry ( LTC ) is still required to carry a handgun openly or concealed in public ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The 2015 Texas Legislature passed a bill to allow concealed handgun permit holders to begin carrying handguns openly. A License to Carry (LTC) is still required to carry a handgun openly or concealed in public.", "selected_sentences": [ "However , the 2015 Texas Legislature passed a bill to allow concealed handgun permit holders to begin carrying handguns openly .", "A License to Carry ( LTC ) is still required to carry a handgun openly or concealed in public ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kurt Angle", "text": "Angle faced further hardships while taking part in the 1996 Olympic Trials , when he suffered a severe neck injury , fracturing two of his cervical vertebrae , herniating two discs , and pulling four muscles . Nonetheless , Angle won the trials and then spent the subsequent five months resting and rehabilitating . By the Olympics , Angle was able to compete , albeit with several pain - reducing injections in his neck . In the fall of 1996 , Angle stated that he temporarily became addicted to the analgesic Vicodin after injuring his neck . He won his gold medal in the heavyweight ( 90 -- 100 kg ; 198 -- 220 lb ) weight class despite his injury , defeating the Iranian Abbas Jadidi by officials ' decision after the competitors wrestled to an eight - minute , one - one draw . The bout saw Jadidi earn a point after two minutes and 42 seconds by turning Angle , and Angle earning a point of his own with a takedown after three minutes and four seconds . The officials ' decision was protested by Jadidi . Angle dedicated the victory to Schultz 's honor . ", "sentences": [ "Angle faced further hardships while taking part in the 1996 Olympic Trials , when he suffered a severe neck injury , fracturing two of his cervical vertebrae , herniating two discs , and pulling four muscles .", "Nonetheless , Angle won the trials and then spent the subsequent five months resting and rehabilitating .", "By the Olympics , Angle was able to compete , albeit with several pain - reducing injections in his neck .", "In the fall of 1996 , Angle stated that he temporarily became addicted to the analgesic Vicodin after injuring his neck .", "He won his gold medal in the heavyweight ( 90 -- 100 kg ; 198 -- 220 lb ) weight class despite his injury , defeating the Iranian Abbas Jadidi by officials ' decision after the competitors wrestled to an eight - minute , one - one draw .", "The bout saw Jadidi earn a point after two minutes and 42 seconds by turning Angle , and Angle earning a point of his own with a takedown after three minutes and four seconds .", "The officials ' decision was protested by Jadidi .", "Angle dedicated the victory to Schultz 's honor ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Kurt Angle suffered a severe neck injury in the 1996 Olympic Trials, fracturing two of his cervical vertebrae. He won his gold medal in the heavyweight class despite his injury.", "selected_sentences": [ "Angle faced further hardships while taking part in the 1996 Olympic Trials , when he suffered a severe neck injury , fracturing two of his cervical vertebrae , herniating two discs , and pulling four muscles .", "He won his gold medal in the heavyweight ( 90 -- 100 kg ; 198 -- 220 lb ) weight class despite his injury , defeating the Iranian Abbas Jadidi by officials ' decision after the competitors wrestled to an eight - minute , one - one draw ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Kurt Angle, who suffered a severe neck injury, fracturing two of his cervical vertebrae, won a gold medal despite his injury.", "selected_sentences": [ "Angle faced further hardships while taking part in the 1996 Olympic Trials , when he suffered a severe neck injury , fracturing two of his cervical vertebrae , herniating two discs , and pulling four muscles .", "He won his gold medal in the heavyweight ( 90 -- 100 kg ; 198 -- 220 lb ) weight class despite his injury , defeating the Iranian Abbas Jadidi by officials ' decision after the competitors wrestled to an eight - minute , one - one draw ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Walk Through This World with Me", "text": "The song `` Walk Through This World With Me '' would become a number one hit for Jones in 1967 , his first chart topper in five years . According to Bob Allen 's book George Jones : The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend , Jones was less than enthusiastic about the `` musically middle - of - the - road love ballad that was almost inspirational in its unabashedly optimistic and romantic sentiments - a far cry from ' The Window Up Above , ' '' and it was only at his producer H.W. `` Pappy '' Daily 's insistence that he recorded the song at all . In the 1994 retrospective Golden Hits , Jones states that he was unhappy with his singing on the LP version and , after the song started getting heavy airplay in Chicago , he told his manager Pappy Daily that he wanted to recut it . `` The single record on it was different , even though it was almost the same , I did a little better job singing the single than I did on the album . '' Jones would perform the song in concert throughout his career , often as part of an `` oldies '' medley . ", "sentences": [ "The song `` Walk Through This World With Me '' would become a number one hit for Jones in 1967 , his first chart topper in five years .", "According to Bob Allen 's book George Jones : The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend , Jones was less than enthusiastic about the `` musically middle - of - the - road love ballad that was almost inspirational in its unabashedly optimistic and romantic sentiments - a far cry from ' The Window Up Above , ' '' and it was only at his producer H.W. `` Pappy '' Daily 's insistence that he recorded the song at all .", "In the 1994 retrospective Golden Hits , Jones states that he was unhappy with his singing on the LP version and , after the song started getting heavy airplay in Chicago , he told his manager Pappy Daily that he wanted to recut it .", "`` The single record on it was different , even though it was almost the same , I did a little better job singing the single than I did on the album . ''", "Jones would perform the song in concert throughout his career , often as part of an `` oldies '' medley ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song ``Walk Through This World With Me'' would become a number one hit for George Jones in 1967, his first chart topper in five years. Jones would perform the song in concert throughout his career, often as part of an ``oldies'' medley.", "selected_sentences": [ "The song `` Walk Through This World With Me '' would become a number one hit for Jones in 1967 , his first chart topper in five years .", "According to Bob Allen 's book George Jones : The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend , Jones was less than enthusiastic about the `` musically middle - of - the - road love ballad that was almost inspirational in its unabashedly optimistic and romantic sentiments - a far cry from ' The Window Up Above , ' '' and it was only at his producer H.W. `` Pappy '' Daily 's insistence that he recorded the song at all .", "Jones would perform the song in concert throughout his career , often as part of an `` oldies '' medley ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "As part of an ``oldies'' medley, George Jones performed the song Walk Through This World With Me throughout his career. It became a number one hit for him in 1967.", "selected_sentences": [ "The song `` Walk Through This World With Me '' would become a number one hit for Jones in 1967 , his first chart topper in five years .", "According to Bob Allen 's book George Jones : The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend , Jones was less than enthusiastic about the `` musically middle - of - the - road love ballad that was almost inspirational in its unabashedly optimistic and romantic sentiments - a far cry from ' The Window Up Above , ' '' and it was only at his producer H.W. `` Pappy '' Daily 's insistence that he recorded the song at all .", "Jones would perform the song in concert throughout his career , often as part of an `` oldies '' medley ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Rhode Island", "text": "Rhode Island ( / ˌroʊd - / ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the United States . It is the smallest in area , the 7th least populous , and the 2nd most densely populated of the 50 states -- but its official name is the longest . Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound . It also shares a small maritime border with New York . Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island . ", "sentences": [ "Rhode Island ( / ˌroʊd - / ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the United States .", "It is the smallest in area , the 7th least populous , and the 2nd most densely populated of the 50 states -- but its official name is the longest .", "Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound .", "It also shares a small maritime border with New York .", "Providence is the state capital and most populous city in Rhode Island ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Rhode Island is a state located in the New England region of the United States.\r\nIt is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound.", "selected_sentences": [ "Rhode Island ( / ˌroʊd - / ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the United States .", "Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Intake interview", "text": "The intake interview is important in clinical psychology because it is the first interaction that occurs between the client and the clinician . The clinician may explain to the client what to expect during the interview , including the time duration . The purpose of the intake interview often includes establishing and diagnosing any problems the client may have . Usually , the clinician diagnoses the patient using criteria from the first two DSM axes . Some intake interviews include a mental status examination During the intake interview , the clinician may determine a treatment plan . In some cases , particular clinician may feel that he or she lacks the expertise to best help the client . It is during the intake interview that the clinician should refer the client to another source . ", "sentences": [ "The intake interview is important in clinical psychology because it is the first interaction that occurs between the client and the clinician .", "The clinician may explain to the client what to expect during the interview , including the time duration .", "The purpose of the intake interview often includes establishing and diagnosing any problems the client may have .", "Usually , the clinician diagnoses the patient using criteria from the first two DSM axes .", "Some intake interviews include a mental status examination During the intake interview , the clinician may determine a treatment plan .", "In some cases , particular clinician may feel that he or she lacks the expertise to best help the client .", "It is during the intake interview that the clinician should refer the client to another source ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The intake interview is important in clinical psychology because it is the first interaction that occurs between the client and the clinician. The purpose of the intake interview often includes establishing and diagnosing any problems the client may have.", "selected_sentences": [ "The intake interview is important in clinical psychology because it is the first interaction that occurs between the client and the clinician .", "The purpose of the intake interview often includes establishing and diagnosing any problems the client may have ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Raven That Refused to Sing (And Other Stories)", "text": "The title track explores the story of `` an old man at the end of his life who is waiting to die . He thinks back to a time in his childhood when he was incredibly close to his older sister . She was everything to him , and he was everything to her . Unfortunately , she died when they were both very young . '' The man becomes convinced that a raven , who visits the man 's garden , is something of `` a symbol or a manifestation of his sister . The thing is , his sister would sing to him whenever he was afraid or insecure , and it was a calming influence on him . In his ignorance , he decides that if he can get the raven to sing to him , it will be the final proof that this is , in fact , his sister who has come back to take him with her to the next life . '' ", "sentences": [ "The title track explores the story of `` an old man at the end of his life who is waiting to die .", "He thinks back to a time in his childhood when he was incredibly close to his older sister .", "She was everything to him , and he was everything to her .", "Unfortunately , she died when they were both very young . ''", "The man becomes convinced that a raven , who visits the man 's garden , is something of `` a symbol or a manifestation of his sister .", "The thing is , his sister would sing to him whenever he was afraid or insecure , and it was a calming influence on him .", "In his ignorance , he decides that if he can get the raven to sing to him , it will be the final proof that this is , in fact , his sister who has come back to take him with her to the next life . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Raven That Refused to Sing explores the story of ``An old man at the end of his life who is waiting to die. He thinks back to his childhood when he was incredibly close to his older sister. Unfortunately, she died young. The man becomes convinced that a raven, who visits his garden, is something of ``a symbol or a manifestation of his sister\". His sister would sing to him whenever he was afraid or insecure. He decides that if he can get the raven to sing to him, it will be the final proof that this is, in fact, his sister who has come back to take him with her to the next life.", "selected_sentences": [ "He thinks back to a time in his childhood when he was incredibly close to his older sister .", "Unfortunately , she died when they were both very young . ''", "The man becomes convinced that a raven , who visits the man 's garden , is something of `` a symbol or a manifestation of his sister .", "The thing is , his sister would sing to him whenever he was afraid or insecure , and it was a calming influence on him .", "In his ignorance , he decides that if he can get the raven to sing to him , it will be the final proof that this is , in fact , his sister who has come back to take him with her to the next life . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Climate of North Dakota", "text": "North Dakota 's climate is typical of a continental climate with cold winters and warm - hot summers . The state 's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States , and each of the four seasons has its own distinct characteristics . The eastern half of the state has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with warm to hot , somewhat humid summers and cold , windy winters , while the western half has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSk ) with less precipitation and less humidity but similar temperature profiles . The areas east of the Missouri River get slightly colder winters , while those west of the stream get higher summer daytime temperatures . In general , the diurnal temperature difference is prone to be more significant in the west due to higher elevation and less humidity . ", "sentences": [ "North Dakota 's climate is typical of a continental climate with cold winters and warm - hot summers .", "The state 's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States , and each of the four seasons has its own distinct characteristics .", "The eastern half of the state has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) with warm to hot , somewhat humid summers and cold , windy winters , while the western half has a semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSk ) with less precipitation and less humidity but similar temperature profiles .", "The areas east of the Missouri River get slightly colder winters , while those west of the stream get higher summer daytime temperatures .", "In general , the diurnal temperature difference is prone to be more significant in the west due to higher elevation and less humidity ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The state's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States, and each of the four seasons has its own distinct characteristics.\r\n In general, the diurnal temperature difference is prone to be more significant in the west due to higher elevation and less humidity.", "selected_sentences": [ "The state 's location in the Upper Midwest allows it to experience some of the widest variety of weather in the United States , and each of the four seasons has its own distinct characteristics .", "In general , the diurnal temperature difference is prone to be more significant in the west due to higher elevation and less humidity ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "I Will Follow Him", "text": "`` I Will Follow Him '' is a popular song that was first recorded in 1961 by Franck Pourcel , as an instrumental titled `` Chariot '' . The song achieved its widest success when it was recorded by American singer Little Peggy March with English lyrics in 1963 . The music was written by Franck Pourcel ( using the pseudonym J.W. Stole ) and Paul Mauriat ( using the pseudonym Del Roma ) . It was adapted by Arthur Altman . The English lyrics were written by Norman Gimbel . ", "sentences": [ "`` I Will Follow Him '' is a popular song that was first recorded in 1961 by Franck Pourcel , as an instrumental titled `` Chariot '' .", "The song achieved its widest success when it was recorded by American singer Little Peggy March with English lyrics in 1963 .", "The music was written by Franck Pourcel ( using the pseudonym J.W. Stole ) and Paul Mauriat ( using the pseudonym Del Roma ) .", "It was adapted by Arthur Altman .", "The English lyrics were written by Norman Gimbel ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The music was written by Franck Pourcel ( using the pseudonym J.W. Stole ) and Paul Mauriat ( using the pseudonym Del Roma ).\r\nThe English lyrics were written by Norman Gimbel.", "selected_sentences": [ "The music was written by Franck Pourcel ( using the pseudonym J.W. Stole ) and Paul Mauriat ( using the pseudonym Del Roma ) .", "The English lyrics were written by Norman Gimbel ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Internal Revenue Service", "text": "The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government . The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury , and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , who is appointed to a five - year term by the President of the United States . The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code , the main body of federal statutory tax law of the United States . The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings . The IRS has also overseen various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act . ", "sentences": [ "The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government .", "The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury , and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , who is appointed to a five - year term by the President of the United States .", "The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code , the main body of federal statutory tax law of the United States .", "The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings .", "The IRS has also overseen various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government . The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code , the main body of federal statutory tax law of the United States . The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings . The IRS has also overseen various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government .", "The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code , the main body of federal statutory tax law of the United States .", "The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings .", "The IRS has also overseen various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the revenue service of the United States federal government and a bureau of the Department of the Treasury. It is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code.\r\nThe duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings. It also oversees various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) is the revenue service of the United States federal government .", "The government agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury , and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue , who is appointed to a five - year term by the President of the United States .", "The IRS is responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code , the main body of federal statutory tax law of the United States .", "The duties of the IRS include providing tax assistance to taxpayers and pursuing and resolving instances of erroneous or fraudulent tax filings .", "The IRS has also overseen various benefits programs , and enforces portions of the Affordable Care Act ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "White Christmas (weather)", "text": "In the United Kingdom , white Christmases were more common from the 1550s to the 1850s , during the Little Ice Age ; the last frost fair on the River Thames , however , was in the winter of 1813 -- 14 . The shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 also slightly reduced the chance of a white Christmas , effectively moving Christmas earlier in the winter . An `` official '' white Christmas is defined by the Met Office as `` one snowflake to be observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December somewhere in the UK '' , but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London . By the newer measure , over half of all years have white Christmases , with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years to 2015 . A more `` traditional '' idea of snow - covered ground is less common , however , with only 4 occasions in the 51 years to 2015 reporting snow on the ground at 9am at more than 40 % of weather stations . ", "sentences": [ "In the United Kingdom , white Christmases were more common from the 1550s to the 1850s , during the Little Ice Age ; the last frost fair on the River Thames , however , was in the winter of 1813 -- 14 .", "The shift from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 also slightly reduced the chance of a white Christmas , effectively moving Christmas earlier in the winter .", "An `` official '' white Christmas is defined by the Met Office as `` one snowflake to be observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December somewhere in the UK '' , but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London .", "By the newer measure , over half of all years have white Christmases , with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years to 2015 .", "A more `` traditional '' idea of snow - covered ground is less common , however , with only 4 occasions in the 51 years to 2015 reporting snow on the ground at 9am at more than 40 % of weather stations ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In the United Kingdom , white Christmases were more common from the 1550s to the 1850s , during the Little Ice Age.An `` official '' white Christmas is defined by the Met Office as `` one snowflake to be observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December somewhere in the UK '' , but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London . By the newer measure , over half of all years have white Christmases , with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years to 2015 .", "selected_sentences": [ "In the United Kingdom , white Christmases were more common from the 1550s to the 1850s , during the Little Ice Age ; the last frost fair on the River Thames , however , was in the winter of 1813 -- 14 .", "An `` official '' white Christmas is defined by the Met Office as `` one snowflake to be observed falling in the 24 hours of 25 December somewhere in the UK '' , but formerly the snow had to be observed at the Met Office building in London .", "By the newer measure , over half of all years have white Christmases , with snow being observed 38 times in the 54 years to 2015 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gun laws in Texas", "text": "Texas has no laws regarding possession of any firearm regardless of age , without felony convictions ; all existing restrictions in State law mirror Federal law . A person of any age , except certain Felons , can possess a firearm such as at a firing range . Texas and Federal law only regulate the ownership of all firearms to 18 years of age or older , and regulate the transfer of handguns to 21 years or older by FFL dealers . However , a private citizen may sell , gift , lease etc. a handgun to anyone over 18 who is not Felon . NFA weapons are also only subject to Federal restrictions ; no State regulations exist . Municipal and county ordinances on possession and carry are generally overridden ( preempted ) due to the wording of the Texas Constitution , which gives the Texas Legislature ( and it alone ) the power to `` regulate the wearing of arms , with a view to prevent crime '' . Penal Code Section 1.08 also prohibits local jurisdictions from enacting or enforcing any law that conflicts with State statute . Local ordinances restricting discharge of a firearm are generally allowed as State law has little or no specification thereof , but such restrictions do not preempt State law concerning justification of use of force and deadly force . ", "sentences": [ "Texas has no laws regarding possession of any firearm regardless of age , without felony convictions ; all existing restrictions in State law mirror Federal law .", "A person of any age , except certain Felons , can possess a firearm such as at a firing range .", "Texas and Federal law only regulate the ownership of all firearms to 18 years of age or older , and regulate the transfer of handguns to 21 years or older by FFL dealers .", "However , a private citizen may sell , gift , lease etc.", "a handgun to anyone over 18 who is not Felon .", "NFA weapons are also only subject to Federal restrictions ; no State regulations exist .", "Municipal and county ordinances on possession and carry are generally overridden ( preempted ) due to the wording of the Texas Constitution , which gives the Texas Legislature ( and it alone ) the power to `` regulate the wearing of arms , with a view to prevent crime '' .", "Penal Code Section 1.08 also prohibits local jurisdictions from enacting or enforcing any law that conflicts with State statute .", "Local ordinances restricting discharge of a firearm are generally allowed as State law has little or no specification thereof , but such restrictions do not preempt State law concerning justification of use of force and deadly force ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Texas has no laws regarding possession of any firearm regardless of age , without felony convictions ; all existing restrictions in State law mirror Federal law . Texas and Federal law only regulate the ownership of all firearms to 18 years of age or older , and regulate the transfer of handguns to 21 years or older by FFL dealers .", "selected_sentences": [ "Texas has no laws regarding possession of any firearm regardless of age , without felony convictions ; all existing restrictions in State law mirror Federal law .", "Texas and Federal law only regulate the ownership of all firearms to 18 years of age or older , and regulate the transfer of handguns to 21 years or older by FFL dealers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "British Hong Kong", "text": "In 1841 , Elliot negotiated with Lin 's successor , Qishan , in the Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War . On 20 January , Elliot announced `` the conclusion of preliminary arrangements '' , which included the cession of Hong Kong Island and its harbour to the British Crown . Elliot chose Hong Kong instead of Chusan because he believed a settlement further east would cause an `` indefinite protraction of hostilities '' , whereas Hong Kong 's harbour was a valuable base for the British trading community in Canton . On 26 January , the Union Jack was raised on Hong Kong and Commodore James Bremer , commander - in - chief of British forces in China , took formal possession of the island at Possession Point . On 29 August 1842 , the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking , which ceded Hong Kong `` in perpetuity '' to Britain . ", "sentences": [ "In 1841 , Elliot negotiated with Lin 's successor , Qishan , in the Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War .", "On 20 January , Elliot announced `` the conclusion of preliminary arrangements '' , which included the cession of Hong Kong Island and its harbour to the British Crown .", "Elliot chose Hong Kong instead of Chusan because he believed a settlement further east would cause an `` indefinite protraction of hostilities '' , whereas Hong Kong 's harbour was a valuable base for the British trading community in Canton .", "On 26 January , the Union Jack was raised on Hong Kong and Commodore James Bremer , commander - in - chief of British forces in China , took formal possession of the island at Possession Point .", "On 29 August 1842 , the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking , which ceded Hong Kong `` in perpetuity '' to Britain ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "On 26 January1841, the Union Jack was raised on Hong Kong and the commander-in-chief of British forces in China, took formal possession of the island. On 29 August 1842, the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1841 , Elliot negotiated with Lin 's successor , Qishan , in the Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War .", "On 26 January , the Union Jack was raised on Hong Kong and Commodore James Bremer , commander - in - chief of British forces in China , took formal possession of the island at Possession Point .", "On 29 August 1842 , the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking , which ceded Hong Kong `` in perpetuity '' to Britain ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "On January 26, 1841, the commander-in-chief of British forces in China took formal possession of the island at Possession Point and on August 29, 1842 , the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking , which ceded Hong Kong in perpetuity to Britain.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1841 , Elliot negotiated with Lin 's successor , Qishan , in the Convention of Chuenpi during the First Opium War .", "On 26 January , the Union Jack was raised on Hong Kong and Commodore James Bremer , commander - in - chief of British forces in China , took formal possession of the island at Possession Point .", "On 29 August 1842 , the cession was formally ratified in the Treaty of Nanking , which ceded Hong Kong `` in perpetuity '' to Britain ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Acetyl group", "text": "In organic chemistry , acetyl is a moiety , the acyl with chemical formula CH CO . It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac ( not to be confused with the element actinium ) . The acetyl group contains a methyl group single - bonded to a carbonyl . The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one nonbonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule . In IUPAC nomenclature , acetyl is called ethanoyl , although this term is rarely heard . The acetyl moiety is a component of many organic compounds , including acetic acid , the neurotransmitter acetylcholine , acetyl - CoA , acetylcysteine , and the analgesics acetaminophen ( also known as paracetamol ) and acetylsalicylic acid ( better known as aspirin ) . ", "sentences": [ "In organic chemistry , acetyl is a moiety , the acyl with chemical formula CH CO .", "It is sometimes represented by the symbol Ac ( not to be confused with the element actinium ) .", "The acetyl group contains a methyl group single - bonded to a carbonyl .", "The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one nonbonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule .", "In IUPAC nomenclature , acetyl is called ethanoyl , although this term is rarely heard .", "The acetyl moiety is a component of many organic compounds , including acetic acid , the neurotransmitter acetylcholine , acetyl - CoA , acetylcysteine , and the analgesics acetaminophen ( also known as paracetamol ) and acetylsalicylic acid ( better known as aspirin ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In organic chemistry , acetyl is a moiety , the acyl with chemical formula CH CO . The acetyl group contains a methyl group single - bonded to a carbonyl . The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one nonbonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule .", "selected_sentences": [ "In organic chemistry , acetyl is a moiety , the acyl with chemical formula CH CO .", "The acetyl group contains a methyl group single - bonded to a carbonyl .", "The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one nonbonded electron with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom", "text": "The Prime Minister is the head of Her Majesty 's Government in the United Kingdom . As the `` Head of Her Majesty 's Government '' the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet ( the Executive ) . In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons ( the lower house of the legislature ) . As such the incumbent wields both legislative and executive powers . Under the British system there is a unity of powers rather than separation . In the House of Commons , the Prime Minister guides the law - making process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party . In an executive capacity the Prime Minister appoints ( and may dismiss ) all other cabinet members and ministers , and co-ordinates the policies and activities of all government departments , and the staff of the Civil Service . The Prime Minister also acts as the public `` face '' and `` voice '' of Her Majesty 's Government , both at home and abroad . Solely upon the advice of the Prime Minister , the Sovereign exercises many statutory and prerogative powers , including high judicial , political , official and Church of England ecclesiastical appointments ; the conferral of peerages and some knighthoods , decorations and other honours . ", "sentences": [ "The Prime Minister is the head of Her Majesty 's Government in the United Kingdom .", "As the `` Head of Her Majesty 's Government '' the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet ( the Executive ) .", "In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons ( the lower house of the legislature ) .", "As such the incumbent wields both legislative and executive powers .", "Under the British system there is a unity of powers rather than separation .", "In the House of Commons , the Prime Minister guides the law - making process with the goal of enacting the legislative agenda of their political party .", "In an executive capacity the Prime Minister appoints ( and may dismiss ) all other cabinet members and ministers , and co-ordinates the policies and activities of all government departments , and the staff of the Civil Service .", "The Prime Minister also acts as the public `` face '' and `` voice '' of Her Majesty 's Government , both at home and abroad .", "Solely upon the advice of the Prime Minister , the Sovereign exercises many statutory and prerogative powers , including high judicial , political , official and Church of England ecclesiastical appointments ; the conferral of peerages and some knighthoods , decorations and other honours ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "As the ``Head of Her Majesty's Government'' the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet. In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons. In an executive capacity the Prime Minister appoints (and may dismiss) all other cabinet members and ministers, and co-ordinates the policies and activities of all government departments and the staff of the Civil Service. The Prime Minister also acts as the public ``face'' and ``voice'' of Her Majesty's Government, both at home and abroad.", "selected_sentences": [ "As the `` Head of Her Majesty 's Government '' the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet ( the Executive ) .", "In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons ( the lower house of the legislature ) .", "In an executive capacity the Prime Minister appoints ( and may dismiss ) all other cabinet members and ministers , and co-ordinates the policies and activities of all government departments , and the staff of the Civil Service .", "The Prime Minister also acts as the public `` face '' and `` voice '' of Her Majesty 's Government , both at home and abroad ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Prime Minister is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister leads the Cabinet and a major political party, generally commands a majority in the House of Commons, appoints and may dismiss all other cabinet members and ministers, and co-ordinates the policies and activities of all government departments, and the staff of the Civil Service . The Prime Minister also acts as the public face and voice of Her Majesty's Government , both at home and abroad .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Prime Minister is the head of Her Majesty 's Government in the United Kingdom .", "As the `` Head of Her Majesty 's Government '' the modern Prime Minister leads the Cabinet ( the Executive ) .", "In addition the Prime Minister leads a major political party and generally commands a majority in the House of Commons ( the lower house of the legislature ) .", "In an executive capacity the Prime Minister appoints ( and may dismiss ) all other cabinet members and ministers , and co-ordinates the policies and activities of all government departments , and the staff of the Civil Service .", "The Prime Minister also acts as the public `` face '' and `` voice '' of Her Majesty 's Government , both at home and abroad ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Dodo", "text": "The etymology of the word dodo is unclear . Some ascribe it to the Dutch word dodoor for `` sluggard '' , but it is more probably related to Dodaars , which means either `` fat - arse '' or `` knot - arse '' , referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end . The first record of the word Dodaars is in Captain Willem Van West - Zanen 's journal in 1602 . The English writer Sir Thomas Herbert was the first to use the word dodo in print in his 1634 travelogue , claiming it was referred to as such by the Portuguese , who had visited Mauritius in 1507 . Another Englishman , Emmanuel Altham , had used the word in a 1628 letter , in which he also claimed the origin was Portuguese . The name `` dodar '' was introduced into English at the same time as dodo , but was only used until the 18th century . As far as is known , the Portuguese never mentioned the bird . Nevertheless , some sources still state that the word dodo derives from the Portuguese word doudo ( currently doido ) , meaning `` fool '' or `` crazy '' . It has also been suggested that dodo was an onomatopoeic approximation of the bird 's call , a two - note pigeon - like sound resembling `` doo - doo '' . ", "sentences": [ "The etymology of the word dodo is unclear .", "Some ascribe it to the Dutch word dodoor for `` sluggard '' , but it is more probably related to Dodaars , which means either `` fat - arse '' or `` knot - arse '' , referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end .", "The first record of the word Dodaars is in Captain Willem Van West - Zanen 's journal in 1602 .", "The English writer Sir Thomas Herbert was the first to use the word dodo in print in his 1634 travelogue , claiming it was referred to as such by the Portuguese , who had visited Mauritius in 1507 .", "Another Englishman , Emmanuel Altham , had used the word in a 1628 letter , in which he also claimed the origin was Portuguese .", "The name `` dodar '' was introduced into English at the same time as dodo , but was only used until the 18th century .", "As far as is known , the Portuguese never mentioned the bird .", "Nevertheless , some sources still state that the word dodo derives from the Portuguese word doudo ( currently doido ) , meaning `` fool '' or `` crazy '' .", "It has also been suggested that dodo was an onomatopoeic approximation of the bird 's call , a two - note pigeon - like sound resembling `` doo - doo '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The etymology of the word dodo is unclear. Some ascribe it to the Dutch word dodoor for ``sluggard'', but it is more probably related to Dodaars, which means either ``fat arse'' or ``knot arse'', referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end. Some sources still state that the word dodo derives from the Portuguese word doudo (currently doido), meaning ``fool'' or ``crazy''.", "selected_sentences": [ "The etymology of the word dodo is unclear .", "Some ascribe it to the Dutch word dodoor for `` sluggard '' , but it is more probably related to Dodaars , which means either `` fat - arse '' or `` knot - arse '' , referring to the knot of feathers on the hind end .", "Nevertheless , some sources still state that the word dodo derives from the Portuguese word doudo ( currently doido ) , meaning `` fool '' or `` crazy '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Five-O (Better Call Saul)", "text": "In another flashback , Mike is seen breaking into a police car parked outside a bar . He enters the bar , and after a few drinks , confronts Fenske and Hoffman , telling them `` I know it was you '' . A few hours later , as Mike is the last customer and the bar is about to close , he announces to the barkeeper that he plans to move to Albuquerque and leaves . As he staggers home , Fenske and Hoffman drive up in their patrol car , offer him a safe ride home , and seat him in the back seat . They take away his handgun and ask him what he meant earlier in the bar . Mike , apparently still drunk , slurs that he knows that it was them who killed Matty . As the two drive Mike to an abandoned factory site , he retrieves a hidden gun from the backseat cushions . When it becomes clear that Hoffman and Fenske intend to kill Mike , he reveals that his drunken stupor was faked . Fenske attempts to fire at Mike , but discovers the gun he took from Mike is empty . Mike promptly shoots Fenske three times in the chest . Hoffman tries to pull out his gun , but Mike quickly dispatches him with a bullet to the head . Fenske is able to draw his duty - issue pistol and fires off two rounds , one of which strikes Mike in the left shoulder . Mike returns fire , hitting Fenske in the neck . Though mortally wounded , Fenske tries to crawl away . Mike slowly walks towards him and steps on his leg , preventing him from reaching for his weapon again . Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life , but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head . Mike collects his gun from Fenske and walks off , preparing to depart for Albuquerque . ", "sentences": [ "In another flashback , Mike is seen breaking into a police car parked outside a bar .", "He enters the bar , and after a few drinks , confronts Fenske and Hoffman , telling them `` I know it was you '' .", "A few hours later , as Mike is the last customer and the bar is about to close , he announces to the barkeeper that he plans to move to Albuquerque and leaves .", "As he staggers home , Fenske and Hoffman drive up in their patrol car , offer him a safe ride home , and seat him in the back seat .", "They take away his handgun and ask him what he meant earlier in the bar .", "Mike , apparently still drunk , slurs that he knows that it was them who killed Matty .", "As the two drive Mike to an abandoned factory site , he retrieves a hidden gun from the backseat cushions .", "When it becomes clear that Hoffman and Fenske intend to kill Mike , he reveals that his drunken stupor was faked .", "Fenske attempts to fire at Mike , but discovers the gun he took from Mike is empty .", "Mike promptly shoots Fenske three times in the chest .", "Hoffman tries to pull out his gun , but Mike quickly dispatches him with a bullet to the head .", "Fenske is able to draw his duty - issue pistol and fires off two rounds , one of which strikes Mike in the left shoulder .", "Mike returns fire , hitting Fenske in the neck .", "Though mortally wounded , Fenske tries to crawl away .", "Mike slowly walks towards him and steps on his leg , preventing him from reaching for his weapon again .", "Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life , but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head .", "Mike collects his gun from Fenske and walks off , preparing to depart for Albuquerque ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Hoffman tries to pull out his gun, but Mike quickly shoots him with a bullet to the head. Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life, but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head.", "selected_sentences": [ "Hoffman tries to pull out his gun , but Mike quickly dispatches him with a bullet to the head .", "Fenske raises his other hand as if to beg for his life , but an unmerciful Mike finishes him off by shooting him in the head ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "How Long Will I Love You?", "text": "`` How Long Will I Love You ? '' is a song by folk - rock band The Waterboys from their fifth studio album , Room to Roam ( 1990 ) . Written by Mike Scott , it was released as the album 's lead single . The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding and released as the second single from her album Halcyon Days ( 2013 ) . Goulding 's version is included on the soundtrack to the 2013 film About Time , which also features a different cover by Jon Boden , Sam Sweeney and Ben Coleman . ", "sentences": [ "`` How Long Will I Love You ? ''", "is a song by folk - rock band The Waterboys from their fifth studio album , Room to Roam ( 1990 ) .", "Written by Mike Scott , it was released as the album 's lead single .", "The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding and released as the second single from her album Halcyon Days ( 2013 ) .", "Goulding 's version is included on the soundtrack to the 2013 film About Time , which also features a different cover by Jon Boden , Sam Sweeney and Ben Coleman ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "``How Long Will I Love You?'' is a song by folk-rock band The Waterboys. The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` How Long Will I Love You ? ''", "is a song by folk - rock band The Waterboys from their fifth studio album , Room to Roam ( 1990 ) .", "The song was subsequently covered by English singer Ellie Goulding and released as the second single from her album Halcyon Days ( 2013 ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mitochondrion", "text": "Mitochondria ( and related structures ) are found in all eukaryotes ( except one -- the Oxymonad Monocercomonoides sp . ) . Although commonly depicted as bean - like structures they form a highly dynamic network in the majority of cells where they constantly undergo fission and fusion . Mitochondria vary in number and location according to cell type . A single mitochondrion is often found in unicellular organisms . Conversely , numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume . The population of all the mitochondria of a given cell constitutes the chondriome . The mitochondrial content of otherwise similar cells can vary substantially in size and membrane potential , with differences arising from sources including uneven partitioning at cell divisions , leading to extrinsic differences in ATP levels and downstream cellular processes . The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum . Often , they form a complex 3D branching network inside the cell with the cytoskeleton . The association with the cytoskeleton determines mitochondrial shape , which can affect the function as well : different structures of the mitochondrial network may afford the population a variety of physical , chemical , and signalling advantages or disadvantages . Mitochondria in cells are always distributed along microtubules and the distribution of these organelles is also correlated with the endoplasmic reticulum . Recent evidence suggests that vimentin , one of the components of the cytoskeleton , is also critical to the association with the cytoskeleton . ", "sentences": [ "Mitochondria ( and related structures ) are found in all eukaryotes ( except one -- the Oxymonad Monocercomonoides sp . ) .", "Although commonly depicted as bean - like structures they form a highly dynamic network in the majority of cells where they constantly undergo fission and fusion .", "Mitochondria vary in number and location according to cell type .", "A single mitochondrion is often found in unicellular organisms .", "Conversely , numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume .", "The population of all the mitochondria of a given cell constitutes the chondriome .", "The mitochondrial content of otherwise similar cells can vary substantially in size and membrane potential , with differences arising from sources including uneven partitioning at cell divisions , leading to extrinsic differences in ATP levels and downstream cellular processes .", "The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum .", "Often , they form a complex 3D branching network inside the cell with the cytoskeleton .", "The association with the cytoskeleton determines mitochondrial shape , which can affect the function as well : different structures of the mitochondrial network may afford the population a variety of physical , chemical , and signalling advantages or disadvantages .", "Mitochondria in cells are always distributed along microtubules and the distribution of these organelles is also correlated with the endoplasmic reticulum .", "Recent evidence suggests that vimentin , one of the components of the cytoskeleton , is also critical to the association with the cytoskeleton ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume . The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum .", "selected_sentences": [ "Conversely , numerous mitochondria are found in human liver cells , with about 1000 -- 2000 mitochondria per cell , making up 1 / 5 of the cell volume .", "The mitochondria can be found nestled between myofibrils of muscle or wrapped around the sperm flagellum ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Acts of the Apostles", "text": "The author is not named in either volume . According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself ; this view is still sometimes advanced , but `` a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters . '' ) ( An example can be seen by comparing Acts 's accounts of Paul 's conversion ( Acts 9 : 1 -- 31 , 22 : 6 -- 21 , and 26 : 9 -- 23 ) with Paul 's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event ( Galatians 1 : 17 -- 24 ) . ) The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle ; his own theology is considerably different from Paul 's on key points and does not represent Paul 's own views accurately . '' He was educated , a man of means , probably urban , and someone who respected manual work , although not a worker himself ; this is significant , because more high - brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke 's audience . ", "sentences": [ "The author is not named in either volume .", "According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself ; this view is still sometimes advanced , but `` a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters . '' )", "( An example can be seen by comparing Acts 's accounts of Paul 's conversion ( Acts 9 : 1 -- 31 , 22 : 6 -- 21 , and 26 : 9 -- 23 ) with Paul 's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event ( Galatians 1 : 17 -- 24 ) . )", "The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle ; his own theology is considerably different from Paul 's on key points and does not represent Paul 's own views accurately . ''", "He was educated , a man of means , probably urban , and someone who respected manual work , although not a worker himself ; this is significant , because more high - brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke 's audience ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The author is not named in either volume .According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself. The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle .", "selected_sentences": [ "The author is not named in either volume .", "According to Church tradition dating from the 2nd century , he was the `` Luke '' named as a companion of the apostle Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself ; this view is still sometimes advanced , but `` a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters . '' )", "The author `` is an admirer of Paul , but does not share Paul 's own view of himself as an apostle ; his own theology is considerably different from Paul 's on key points and does not represent Paul 's own views accurately . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "India", "text": "India ( IAST : Bhārat ) , also called the Republic of India ( IAST : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second-most populous country ( with over 1.2 billion people ) , and the most populous democracy in the world . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives . India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . ", "sentences": [ "India ( IAST : Bhārat ) , also called the Republic of India ( IAST : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia .", "It is the seventh - largest country by area , the second-most populous country ( with over 1.2 billion people ) , and the most populous democracy in the world .", "It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast .", "It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east .", "In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives .", "India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "India is a country in South Asia . It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast . It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives .", "selected_sentences": [ "India ( IAST : Bhārat ) , also called the Republic of India ( IAST : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia .", "It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast .", "It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the northeast ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east .", "In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Federalism in India", "text": "The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 read with Appendix I & II ( The Constitution ( Application to Jammu and Kashmir ) Order , 1954 ) of the Indian constitution . Only matters related to defence , foreign relations and communications of Jammu and Kashmir are under the jurisdiction of Union government . The laws enacted by the parliament ( including amendments to the Indian constitution ) applicable to rest of India are not valid in J&K state unless ratified by its state assembly . The Government of India can declare a state of emergency in Jammu and Kashmir and impose governor 's rule in certain conditions . The state has its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution . Part XII of the J&K state constitution makes provision to amend its constitution with two - thirds majority by the state assembly . Part VI ( The states ) and Part XIV ( Services ) of the Indian constitution is not applicable to J&K state per Article 152 and Article 308 . ", "sentences": [ "The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 read with Appendix I & II ( The Constitution ( Application to Jammu and Kashmir )", "Order , 1954 ) of the Indian constitution .", "Only matters related to defence , foreign relations and communications of Jammu and Kashmir are under the jurisdiction of Union government .", "The laws enacted by the parliament ( including amendments to the Indian constitution ) applicable to rest of India are not valid in J&K state unless ratified by its state assembly .", "The Government of India can declare a state of emergency in Jammu and Kashmir and impose governor 's rule in certain conditions .", "The state has its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution .", "Part XII of the J&K state constitution makes provision to amend its constitution with two - thirds majority by the state assembly .", "Part VI ( The states ) and Part XIV ( Services ) of the Indian constitution is not applicable to J&K state per Article 152 and Article 308 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws and its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution.", "selected_sentences": [ "The state of Jammu and Kashmir has a separate set of applicable laws under Article 370 read with Appendix I & II ( The Constitution ( Application to Jammu and Kashmir )", "The state has its own constitution other than applicable Indian constitution ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Hollywood Walk of Fame", "text": "While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame , in fact there was no `` first '' recipient ; the original stars were installed as a continuous project , with no individual ceremonies . Woodward 's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction . The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look . The other seven names were Olive Borden , Ronald Colman , Louise Fazenda , Preston Foster , Burt Lancaster , Edward Sedgwick , and Ernest Torrence . Official groundbreaking took place on February 8 , 1960 . On March 28 , 1960 , the first permanent star , director Stanley Kramer 's , was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower . The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated , according to one source , because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers . ", "sentences": [ "While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame , in fact there was no `` first '' recipient ; the original stars were installed as a continuous project , with no individual ceremonies .", "Woodward 's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction .", "The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look .", "The other seven names were Olive Borden , Ronald Colman , Louise Fazenda , Preston Foster , Burt Lancaster , Edward Sedgwick , and Ernest Torrence .", "Official groundbreaking took place on February 8 , 1960 .", "On March 28 , 1960 , the first permanent star , director Stanley Kramer 's , was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower .", "The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated , according to one source , because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame, in fact there was no ``first'' recipient; the original stars were installed as a continuous project, with no individual ceremonies. The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated, according to one source, because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers.", "selected_sentences": [ "While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame , in fact there was no `` first '' recipient ; the original stars were installed as a continuous project , with no individual ceremonies .", "The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated , according to one source , because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series", "text": "Race speeds vary widely depending on the track . The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 . The record stands unlikely to be broken , as restrictor plates were made mandatory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speeds . The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.3 mph ( 159.8 km / h ) , and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.9 mph ( 160.8 km / h ) . The average speed of a race is determined by dividing the winner 's race time ( from the waving of the green flag to the waving of the checkered flag , including laps spent under caution ) by the distance of the race . Time elapsed during red flag periods is not included in the calculation of the average speed . ", "sentences": [ "Race speeds vary widely depending on the track .", "The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 .", "The record stands unlikely to be broken , as restrictor plates were made mandatory at superspeedways in 1988 to reduce speeds .", "The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.3 mph ( 159.8 km / h ) , and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.9 mph ( 160.8 km / h ) .", "The average speed of a race is determined by dividing the winner 's race time ( from the waving of the green flag to the waving of the checkered flag , including laps spent under caution ) by the distance of the race .", "Time elapsed during red flag periods is not included in the calculation of the average speed ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Race speeds vary widely depending on the track . The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 .The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ).", "selected_sentences": [ "Race speeds vary widely depending on the track .", "The fastest track is Talladega Superspeedway , where the record average speed is 188.354 mph ( 303.126 km / h ) and the record qualifying lap is 212.809 mph ( 342.483 km / h ) , set by Bill Elliott in 1987 .", "The slowest tracks are Sonoma Raceway , a road course with a record average speed of only 83.6 mph ( 134.5 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.3 mph ( 159.8 km / h ) , and Martinsville Speedway , a short , nearly flat `` paper clip '' oval , with a record average speed of 82.2 mph ( 132.3 km / h ) and a record qualifying lap of 99.9 mph ( 160.8 km / h ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade", "text": "Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 . For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible . Cinematographer Douglas Slocombe positioned the camera to ensure no satellite dishes would be visible . San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior . The next day , filming moved to the ancient city of Petra , Jordan , where Al Khazneh ( The Treasury ) stood in for the temple housing the Grail . The cast and crew became guests of King Hussein and Queen Noor . The Treasury had previously appeared in Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger . The main cast completed their scenes that week , after 63 days of filming . ", "sentences": [ "Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 .", "For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible .", "Cinematographer Douglas Slocombe positioned the camera to ensure no satellite dishes would be visible .", "San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior .", "The next day , filming moved to the ancient city of Petra , Jordan , where Al Khazneh ( The Treasury ) stood in for the temple housing the Grail .", "The cast and crew became guests of King Hussein and Queen Noor .", "The Treasury had previously appeared in Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger .", "The main cast completed their scenes that week , after 63 days of filming ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Shooting in Venice includes Grand Canal, San Barnaba di Venezia, and the ancient city of Petra.", "selected_sentences": [ "Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 .", "For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible .", "San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior .", "The next day , filming moved to the ancient city of Petra , Jordan , where Al Khazneh ( The Treasury ) stood in for the temple housing the Grail ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Shooting in Venice includes Grand Canal and San Barnaba di Venezia.", "selected_sentences": [ "Shooting in Venice took place on August 8 .", "For scenes such as Indiana and Brody greeting Elsa , shots of the boat chase , and Kazim telling Indiana where his father is , Robert Watts gained control of the Grand Canal from 7 am to 1 pm , sealing off tourists for as long as possible .", "San Barnaba di Venezia served as the library 's exterior ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Germ theory of disease", "text": "The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546 , and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762 . Such views were held in disdain , however , and Galen 's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors . The nature of this doctrine prevented them from understanding how diseases actually progressed , with predictable consequences . By the early nineteenth century , smallpox vaccination was commonplace in Europe , though doctors were unaware of how it worked or how to extend the principle to other diseases . Similar treatments had been prevalent in India from just before AD 1000 . A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur . This work was later extended by Robert Koch in the 1880s . By the end of the 1880s the miasma theory was struggling to compete with the germ theory of disease . Eventually , a `` golden era '' of bacteriology ensued , during which the theory quickly led to the identification of the actual organisms that cause many diseases . Viruses were discovered in the 1890s . ", "sentences": [ "The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546 , and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762 .", "Such views were held in disdain , however , and Galen 's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors .", "The nature of this doctrine prevented them from understanding how diseases actually progressed , with predictable consequences .", "By the early nineteenth century , smallpox vaccination was commonplace in Europe , though doctors were unaware of how it worked or how to extend the principle to other diseases .", "Similar treatments had been prevalent in India from just before AD 1000 .", "A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur .", "This work was later extended by Robert Koch in the 1880s .", "By the end of the 1880s the miasma theory was struggling to compete with the germ theory of disease .", "Eventually , a `` golden era '' of bacteriology ensued , during which the theory quickly led to the identification of the actual organisms that cause many diseases .", "Viruses were discovered in the 1890s ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546, and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762. Such views were held in disdain and Galen's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors. A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur.", "selected_sentences": [ "The germ theory was proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in 1546 , and expanded upon by Marcus von Plenciz in 1762 .", "Such views were held in disdain , however , and Galen 's miasma theory remained dominant among scientists and doctors .", "A transitional period began in the late 1850s with the work of Louis Pasteur ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Two-party system", "text": "There is general agreement that the United States has a two - party system ; historically , there have been few instances in which third party candidates won an election . In the First Party System , only Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson 's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties . Toward the end of the First Party System , the Republicans dominated a one - party system ( primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe ) . Under the Second Party System , the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams ' Men and Jackson 's Men . In 1828 , the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson . The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams . After the National Republicans collapsed , the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed . In 1854 , the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs , Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists . Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860 . ", "sentences": [ "There is general agreement that the United States has a two - party system ; historically , there have been few instances in which third party candidates won an election .", "In the First Party System , only Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson 's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties .", "Toward the end of the First Party System , the Republicans dominated a one - party system ( primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe ) .", "Under the Second Party System , the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams ' Men and Jackson 's Men .", "In 1828 , the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson .", "The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams .", "After the National Republicans collapsed , the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed .", "In 1854 , the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs , Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists .", "Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican president in 1860 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In the First Party System, only Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties. Under the Second Party System, the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the First Party System , only Alexander Hamilton 's Federalist Party and Thomas Jefferson 's Democratic - Republican Party were significant political parties .", "Under the Second Party System , the Democratic - Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams ' Men and Jackson 's Men ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Matt Saracen", "text": "Julie visits Matt in Chicago on her way back to college after an incident with her History TA . Even though Julie says that she does not fit in Matt 's life anymore , the two quickly resume their relationship . Before Julie leaves , Matt tells her that they will figure out a way to make things work . Matt surprises Julie and his grandmother by returning home for Christmas . He tells Julie that he wants to be with her forever and proposes , in front of the Alamo Freeze . Despite worries from Coach Taylor and Tami , the young couple convinces them that they are making the right choice . In the final moments of the series , which occurs eight months later , the two are shown happily living together in Chicago . ", "sentences": [ "Julie visits Matt in Chicago on her way back to college after an incident with her History TA .", "Even though Julie says that she does not fit in Matt 's life anymore , the two quickly resume their relationship .", "Before Julie leaves , Matt tells her that they will figure out a way to make things work .", "Matt surprises Julie and his grandmother by returning home for Christmas .", "He tells Julie that he wants to be with her forever and proposes , in front of the Alamo Freeze .", "Despite worries from Coach Taylor and Tami , the young couple convinces them that they are making the right choice .", "In the final moments of the series , which occurs eight months later , the two are shown happily living together in Chicago ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Julie visits Matt in Chicago. The two resume their relationship. In the final moments of the series, which occurs eight months later, the two are shown happily living together in Chicago.", "selected_sentences": [ "Julie visits Matt in Chicago on her way back to college after an incident with her History TA .", "Even though Julie says that she does not fit in Matt 's life anymore , the two quickly resume their relationship .", "In the final moments of the series , which occurs eight months later , the two are shown happily living together in Chicago ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Soft costs", "text": "For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials . Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same . Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached . These can be architect fees or engineering fees incurred to repair loss or damage to the insured property . Only those indirect costs that are above what would have been incurred up to the anticipated completion date but continue after such date due to the insured delay are soft costs that are covered by delay in completion or delay in start up coverage . Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task . Their construction trailer , water delivery , book keepers , etc. are all soft costs that continue on after the original anticipated completion date is reached , if the project is delayed . Only if the delay was caused by an insured loss would the insurance pick these expenses up , and only if the policy includes delay in start up coverage . Any repair costs which are not labor or materials and are indemnified to complete the repair of property loss should not be reported under delay in completion and there is no delay in completion until the anticipated date of completion is reached , and the project is not finished . Not all indirect costs are time related expenses that continue after the original date of completion . Those soft costs ( indirect costs ) which are continuing fixed expenses that continue because the project is delayed by an insured loss are soft costs that should be included with the delay in start up values . A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost . If the owner employs engineers to overlook construction as the project is executed , this will be a continuing expense during repair if the repair is done after the original completion date and would be reported in the delay in completion values . If the engineer cost was a one time charge for a design , he may need to be consulted in order for the loss to be repaired . This expense does not occur because of a delay , but is incurred to repair property damage and hence should be included in the construction costs if the intention is for that expense to be covered in the indemnification depending on policy wording . If the project is insured to the extent of the reported values , and that value was left out to compute the premium , the company may decline that cost in the indemnification . ", "sentences": [ "For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials .", "Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same .", "Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached .", "These can be architect fees or engineering fees incurred to repair loss or damage to the insured property .", "Only those indirect costs that are above what would have been incurred up to the anticipated completion date but continue after such date due to the insured delay are soft costs that are covered by delay in completion or delay in start up coverage .", "Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task .", "Their construction trailer , water delivery , book keepers , etc. are all soft costs that continue on after the original anticipated completion date is reached , if the project is delayed .", "Only if the delay was caused by an insured loss would the insurance pick these expenses up , and only if the policy includes delay in start up coverage .", "Any repair costs which are not labor or materials and are indemnified to complete the repair of property loss should not be reported under delay in completion and there is no delay in completion until the anticipated date of completion is reached , and the project is not finished .", "Not all indirect costs are time related expenses that continue after the original date of completion .", "Those soft costs ( indirect costs ) which are continuing fixed expenses that continue because the project is delayed by an insured loss are soft costs that should be included with the delay in start up values .", "A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost .", "If the owner employs engineers to overlook construction as the project is executed , this will be a continuing expense during repair if the repair is done after the original completion date and would be reported in the delay in completion values .", "If the engineer cost was a one time charge for a design , he may need to be consulted in order for the loss to be repaired .", "This expense does not occur because of a delay , but is incurred to repair property damage and hence should be included in the construction costs if the intention is for that expense to be covered in the indemnification depending on policy wording .", "If the project is insured to the extent of the reported values , and that value was left out to compute the premium , the company may decline that cost in the indemnification ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials . Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same . Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached . Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task . A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost .", "selected_sentences": [ "For a contractor , soft costs are essentially construction costs incurred that are not labor and materials .", "Delay in Start Up insurance coverage and soft costs are not the same .", "Some soft costs may be incurred in the repair of a covered loss before the anticipated completion date is reached .", "Soft cost is a contractor accounting term for their expenses that are not associated with a particular construction task .", "A soft cost to a contractor , such as his administration costs , can be a hard cost to the owner because what the contractor invoices the owner is the owner 's direct cost ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Winds of Winter", "text": "On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 . However , he also noted that he had believed the same thing would occur the previous year . He confirmed on his blog that he was still working on The Winds of Winter as of July 22 , 2017 , being `` still months away '' from finishing the book . He also indicated that it may not be published until 2018 or later , with Fire & Blood , the book on the history of House Targaryen , possibly preceding it . In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 . In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter . ", "sentences": [ "On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 .", "However , he also noted that he had believed the same thing would occur the previous year .", "He confirmed on his blog that he was still working on The Winds of Winter as of July 22 , 2017 , being `` still months away '' from finishing the book .", "He also indicated that it may not be published until 2018 or later , with Fire & Blood , the book on the history of House Targaryen , possibly preceding it .", "In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 .", "In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 . In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter .", "selected_sentences": [ "On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 .", "He also indicated that it may not be published until 2018 or later , with Fire & Blood , the book on the history of House Targaryen , possibly preceding it .", "In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 .", "In June and again in August 2018 , he confirmed he 's continuing work on The Winds of Winter ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "On January 10, 2017, Martin announced that he believed that The Winds of Winter would be released \"this year\". In July he confirmed to being \"still month away\" from finishing the book. In April 2018 he confirmed that The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018.", "selected_sentences": [ "On January 10 , 2017 , Martin announced on his blog in a response to a comment that he believed that The Winds of Winter will be released `` this year '' , referring to 2017 .", "He confirmed on his blog that he was still working on The Winds of Winter as of July 22 , 2017 , being `` still months away '' from finishing the book .", "In April 2018 , Martin confirmed on his blog that Fire and Blood would be published November 20 , 2018 , and The Winds of Winter would not be published in 2018 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Economic history of Argentina", "text": "Beginning in the 1930s , however , the Argentine economy deteriorated notably . The single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government . In macroeconomic terms , Argentina was one of the most stable and conservative countries until the Great Depression , after which it turned into one of the most unstable . Despite this , up until 1962 the Argentine GDP per capita was higher than of Austria , Italy , Japan and of its former colonial master , Spain . Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically . ", "sentences": [ "Beginning in the 1930s , however , the Argentine economy deteriorated notably .", "The single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government .", "In macroeconomic terms , Argentina was one of the most stable and conservative countries until the Great Depression , after which it turned into one of the most unstable .", "Despite this , up until 1962 the Argentine GDP per capita was higher than of Austria , Italy , Japan and of its former colonial master , Spain .", "Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "he single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government .Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically .", "selected_sentences": [ "The single most important factor in this decline has been political instability since 1930 , when a military junta took power , ending seven decades of civilian constitutional government .", "Successive governments from the 1930s to the 1970s pursued a strategy of import substitution to achieve industrial self - sufficiency , but the government 's encouragement of industrial growth diverted investment from agricultural production , which fell dramatically ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Powers of the President of the United States", "text": "The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist . Based on their experience , the framers shied away from giving any branch of the new government too much power . The separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as `` checks and balances '' . For example , the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries , but these appointments must be approved by the Senate . The president can veto bills , or deny them . If he does that , the bill is sent back to Congress . ", "sentences": [ "The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist .", "Based on their experience , the framers shied away from giving any branch of the new government too much power .", "The separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as `` checks and balances '' .", "For example , the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries , but these appointments must be approved by the Senate .", "The president can veto bills , or deny them .", "If he does that , the bill is sent back to Congress ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was primarily designed to do one thing: to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist. For example, the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries, but these appointments must be approved by the Senate.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist .", "For example , the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries , but these appointments must be approved by the Senate ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The separation of powers provides a system of shared power to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Separation of Powers devised by the founding fathers was designed to do one primary thing : to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist .", "The separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as `` checks and balances '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Salt Lake City", "text": "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah . With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,153,340 ( 2014 estimate ) . Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area . This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014 . It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin ( the other is Reno , Nevada ) . ", "sentences": [ "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah .", "With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014 , the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area , which has a population of 1,153,340 ( 2014 estimate ) .", "Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area .", "This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120 - mile ( 190 km ) segment of the Wasatch Front , comprising a population of 2,423,912 as of 2014 .", "It is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin ( the other is Reno , Nevada ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Salt Lake City is located in the U.S. state of Utah. It is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area.", "selected_sentences": [ "Salt Lake City ( often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC ) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah .", "Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City -- Ogden -- Provo Combined Statistical Area ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Senate", "text": "The modern word Senate is derived from the ( Latin ) word senātus ( senate ) , which comes from senex , `` old man '' . The members or legislators of a senate are called senators . The Latin word senator was adopted into English with no change in spelling . Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization , in which advisory or decision - making powers are reserved for the eldest men . For the same reason , the word senate is correctly used when referring to any powerful authority characteristically composed by the eldest members of a community , as a deliberative body of a faculty in an institution of higher learning is often called a senate . This form adaptation was used to show the power of those in body and for the decision - making process to be thorough , which could take a long period of time . The original senate was the Roman Senate , which lasted until at least AD 603 , although various efforts to revive it were made in Medieval Rome ) . In the Eastern Roman Empire , the Byzantine Senate continued until the Fourth Crusade , circa 1202 -- 1204 . ", "sentences": [ "The modern word Senate is derived from the ( Latin ) word senātus ( senate ) , which comes from senex , `` old man '' .", "The members or legislators of a senate are called senators .", "The Latin word senator was adopted into English with no change in spelling .", "Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization , in which advisory or decision - making powers are reserved for the eldest men .", "For the same reason , the word senate is correctly used when referring to any powerful authority characteristically composed by the eldest members of a community , as a deliberative body of a faculty in an institution of higher learning is often called a senate .", "This form adaptation was used to show the power of those in body and for the decision - making process to be thorough , which could take a long period of time .", "The original senate was the Roman Senate , which lasted until at least AD 603 , although various efforts to revive it were made in Medieval Rome ) .", "In the Eastern Roman Empire , the Byzantine Senate continued until the Fourth Crusade , circa 1202 -- 1204 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The modern word Senate is derived from senex, ``old man''. Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization, in which advisory or decision making powers are reserved for the eldest men.", "selected_sentences": [ "The modern word Senate is derived from the ( Latin ) word senātus ( senate ) , which comes from senex , `` old man '' .", "Its meaning is derived from a very ancient form of social organization , in which advisory or decision - making powers are reserved for the eldest men ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Jim Crow laws", "text": "Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States . Enacted by white Democratic - dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 . They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1896 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars . Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War . This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses . Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all . This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages . De jure segregation existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally de facto -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices . `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' . ", "sentences": [ "Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States .", "Enacted by white Democratic - dominated state legislatures in the late 19th century after the Reconstruction period , these laws continued to be enforced until 1965 .", "They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America , starting in 1896 with a `` separate but equal '' status for African Americans in railroad cars .", "Public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War .", "This principle was extended to public facilities and transportation , including segregated cars on interstate trains and , later , buses .", "Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to those which were then available to European Americans ; sometimes they did not exist at all .", "This body of law institutionalized a number of economic , educational , and social disadvantages .", "De jure segregation existed mainly in the Southern states , while Northern segregation was generally de facto -- patterns of housing segregation enforced by private covenants , bank lending practices , and job discrimination , including discriminatory labor union practices .", "`` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.\r\n `` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro ''.", "selected_sentences": [ "Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States .", "`` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Jim Crow was a pejorative expression meaning \"Negro\".", "selected_sentences": [ "`` Jim Crow '' was a pejorative expression meaning `` Negro '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "List of backward compatible games for Xbox One", "text": "During Microsoft 's E3 2015 press conference on June 15 , 2015 , Microsoft announced plans to introduce Xbox 360 backward compatibility on the Xbox One at no additional cost . Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay . Games do not run directly from discs . A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted , instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in - order to port the original title . This means , that the only reason every single Xbox 360 title is not available , is a judicial issue , not an engineering one . All Xbox 360 games could run out - of - the - box on Xbox One , as they require no modifications or porting to run , other than a valid license . While digitally - purchased games will automatically appear for download in the user 's library once available . As with Xbox One titles , if the game is installed using physical media , the disc is still required for validation purposes . ", "sentences": [ "During Microsoft 's E3 2015 press conference on June 15 , 2015 , Microsoft announced plans to introduce Xbox 360 backward compatibility on the Xbox One at no additional cost .", "Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay .", "Games do not run directly from discs .", "A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted , instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in - order to port the original title .", "This means , that the only reason every single Xbox 360 title is not available , is a judicial issue , not an engineering one .", "All Xbox 360 games could run out - of - the - box on Xbox One , as they require no modifications or porting to run , other than a valid license .", "While digitally - purchased games will automatically appear for download in the user 's library once available .", "As with Xbox One titles , if the game is installed using physical media , the disc is still required for validation purposes ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator. A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted, instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in order to port the original title.", "selected_sentences": [ "Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay .", "A relicensed form of the game is downloaded automatically when a supported game is inserted , instead of having to make extensive modifications to the game in - order to port the original title ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay . Games do not run directly from discs .", "selected_sentences": [ "Supported Xbox 360 games will run within an emulator and have access to certain Xbox One features , such as recording and broadcasting gameplay .", "Games do not run directly from discs ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ganesh Chaturthi", "text": "Ganesh Chaturthi ( IAST : Gaṇēśa Chaturthī ) , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi ( Vināyaka Chaturthī ) is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha . A ten - day festival , it starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni - solar calendar month Bhadrapada , which typically falls in Gregorian months of August or September . The festival is marked with installation of Ganesha clay idols privately in homes , or publicly on elaborate pandals ( temporary stage ) . Observations include chanting of Vedic hymns and Hindu texts such as Ganapati Upanishad , prayers and vrata ( fasting ) . Offerings and prasada from the daily prayers , that is distributed from the pandal to the community , include sweets such as modaka believed to be a favorite of the elephant - headed deity . The festival ends on the tenth day after start , wherein the idol is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting , then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean , thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva . ", "sentences": [ "Ganesh Chaturthi ( IAST : Gaṇēśa Chaturthī ) , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi ( Vināyaka Chaturthī ) is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha .", "A ten - day festival , it starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni - solar calendar month Bhadrapada , which typically falls in Gregorian months of August or September .", "The festival is marked with installation of Ganesha clay idols privately in homes , or publicly on elaborate pandals ( temporary stage ) .", "Observations include chanting of Vedic hymns and Hindu texts such as Ganapati Upanishad , prayers and vrata ( fasting ) .", "Offerings and prasada from the daily prayers , that is distributed from the pandal to the community , include sweets such as modaka believed to be a favorite of the elephant - headed deity .", "The festival ends on the tenth day after start , wherein the idol is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting , then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean , thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Ganesh Chaturthi is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha. The festival ends on the tenth day, wherein the idol is carried in a public procession, then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean, thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva.", "selected_sentences": [ "Ganesh Chaturthi ( IAST : Gaṇēśa Chaturthī ) , also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi ( Vināyaka Chaturthī ) is the Hindu festival that reveres god Ganesha .", "The festival ends on the tenth day after start , wherein the idol is carried in a public procession with music and group chanting , then immersed in nearby water body such as a river or ocean , thereafter the clay idol dissolves and Ganesha is believed to return to Mount Kailash to Parvati and Shiva ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Hindu temple", "text": "When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) . The inner sanctuary , where the murtis reside , is known as the garbhagriha . It symbolizes the birthplace of the universe , the meeting place of the gods and mankind , and the threshold between the transcendental and the phenomenal worlds . It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers . Devotees may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity . In most large Indian temples , only the pujaris ( priest ) are allowed to enter into the main sanctum . ", "sentences": [ "When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) .", "The inner sanctuary , where the murtis reside , is known as the garbhagriha .", "It symbolizes the birthplace of the universe , the meeting place of the gods and mankind , and the threshold between the transcendental and the phenomenal worlds .", "It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers .", "Devotees may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity .", "In most large Indian temples , only the pujaris ( priest ) are allowed to enter into the main sanctum ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When inside the temple, devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ).\r\nIt is in this inner shrine, the garbhagriha, that devotees seek a darsana of, where they offer prayers .", "selected_sentences": [ "When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) .", "The inner sanctuary , where the murtis reside , is known as the garbhagriha .", "It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "When inside the Hindu temple , devotees keep both hands folded and seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers in the inner shrine. They may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity .", "selected_sentences": [ "When inside the temple , devotees keep both hands folded ( namaste mudra ) .", "It is in this inner shrine that devotees seek a darsana of , where they offer prayers .", "Devotees may or may not be able to personally present their offerings at the feet of the deity ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations", "text": "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City , in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer . The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952 . It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on spacious grounds overlooking the East River . Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east . The term `` Turtle Bay '' is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole . ", "sentences": [ "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City , in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer .", "The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952 .", "It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on spacious grounds overlooking the East River .", "Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east .", "The term `` Turtle Bay '' is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City, in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east .", "selected_sentences": [ "The United Nations is headquartered in New York City , in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer .", "It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on spacious grounds overlooking the East River .", "Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "One World Trade Center", "text": "The building 's architect was David Childs , whose firm Skidmore , Owings & Merrill ( SOM ) also designed the Burj Khalifa and the Willis Tower . The construction of below - ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 . One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30 , 2012 , when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building . The tower 's steel structure was topped out on August 30 , 2012 . On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ) . Its height in feet is a deliberate reference to the year when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed . The building opened on November 3 , 2014 ; the One World Observatory opened on May 29 , 2015 . ", "sentences": [ "The building 's architect was David Childs , whose firm Skidmore , Owings & Merrill ( SOM ) also designed the Burj Khalifa and the Willis Tower .", "The construction of below - ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 .", "One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30 , 2012 , when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building .", "The tower 's steel structure was topped out on August 30 , 2012 .", "On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ) .", "Its height in feet is a deliberate reference to the year when the United States Declaration of Independence was signed .", "The building opened on November 3 , 2014 ; the One World Observatory opened on May 29 , 2015 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The new One World Trade Center building began on April 27 , 2006 . On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed.", "selected_sentences": [ "The construction of below - ground utility relocations , footings , and foundations for the new building began on April 27 , 2006 .", "On May 10 , 2013 , the final component of the skyscraper 's spire was installed , making the building , including its spire , reach a total height of 1,776 feet ( 541 m ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Armed Forces of the Philippines", "text": "The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP ) ( Filipino : Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas , Spanish : Fuerzas Armadas de Filipinas ) are the military forces of the Philippines . It consists of the Army , Navy ( including the Marine Corps ) and the Air Force . The President of the Philippines is the Commander - in - Chief of AFP and forms military policy with the Department of National Defense , an executive department acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out . A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary , while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service . Military service is entirely voluntary . ", "sentences": [ "The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP ) ( Filipino : Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas , Spanish : Fuerzas Armadas de Filipinas ) are the military forces of the Philippines .", "It consists of the Army , Navy ( including the Marine Corps ) and the Air Force .", "The President of the Philippines is the Commander - in - Chief of AFP and forms military policy with the Department of National Defense , an executive department acting as the principal organs by which military policy is carried out .", "A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary , while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service .", "Military service is entirely voluntary ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Armed Forces of the Philippines consists of the Army, Navy (including the Marine Corps) and the Air Force. A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary, while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service.", "selected_sentences": [ "It consists of the Army , Navy ( including the Marine Corps ) and the Air Force .", "A previous attached branch is the defunct Philippine Constabulary , while the Philippine Coast Guard is a war time attached service ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kudzu in the United States", "text": "The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia . Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition . The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion . It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl . The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare . By 1946 , it was estimated that 1,200,000 hectares ( 3,000,000 acres ) of kudzu had been planted . When boll weevil infestations and the failure of cotton crops caused farmers to abandon their farms , kudzu plantings were left unattended . The climate and environment of the Southeastern United States allowed the kudzu to grow virtually unchecked . In 1953 the United States Department of Agriculture removed kudzu from a list of suggested cover plants and listed it as a weed in 1970 . By 1997 , the vine was placed on the `` Federal Noxious Weed List '' . Today , kudzu is estimated to cover 3,000,000 hectares ( 7,400,000 acres ) of land in the southeastern United States , mostly in Alabama , Georgia , Tennessee , Florida , North Carolina , South Carolina and Mississippi . It has been recorded in Nova Scotia , Canada , in Columbus , Ohio , and in all five boroughs of New York City . ", "sentences": [ "The kudzu plant was introduced to the United States from Japan in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia .", "Kudzu was introduced to the Southeast in 1883 at the New Orleans Exposition .", "The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .", "It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl .", "The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare .", "By 1946 , it was estimated that 1,200,000 hectares ( 3,000,000 acres ) of kudzu had been planted .", "When boll weevil infestations and the failure of cotton crops caused farmers to abandon their farms , kudzu plantings were left unattended .", "The climate and environment of the Southeastern United States allowed the kudzu to grow virtually unchecked .", "In 1953 the United States Department of Agriculture removed kudzu from a list of suggested cover plants and listed it as a weed in 1970 .", "By 1997 , the vine was placed on the `` Federal Noxious Weed List '' .", "Today , kudzu is estimated to cover 3,000,000 hectares ( 7,400,000 acres ) of land in the southeastern United States , mostly in Alabama , Georgia , Tennessee , Florida , North Carolina , South Carolina and Mississippi .", "It has been recorded in Nova Scotia , Canada , in Columbus , Ohio , and in all five boroughs of New York City ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare .", "selected_sentences": [ "The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .", "The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In the first half of the 20th century, kudzu was distributed as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion. It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl. The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare.", "selected_sentences": [ "The vine was widely marketed in the Southeast as an ornamental plant to be used to shade porches , and in the first half of the 20th century , kudzu was distributed as a high - protein content cattle fodder and as a cover plant to prevent soil erosion .", "It was cultivated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers as a solution for the erosion during the Dust Bowl .", "The Soil Erosion Service recommended the use of kudzu to help control erosion of slopes which led to the government - aided distribution of 85 million seedlings and government - funded plantings of kudzu which paid $19.75 per hectare ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Friends", "text": "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . ' preference for individual deals . The actors were given the salary of the least - paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time . The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations . At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby . ", "sentences": [ "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .", "The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .", "Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . '", "preference for individual deals .", "The actors were given the salary of the least - paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced .", "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time .", "The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations .", "At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In their original contracts for the first season, cast members of Friends were paid $22,500 per episode. The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.", "selected_sentences": [ "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .", "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In their original contracts for the first season, cast members of Friends were paid $22,500 per episode. The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three, $85,000 in season four, $100,000 in season five, $125,000 in season six, $750,000 in seasons seven and eight and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.", "selected_sentences": [ "In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode .", "The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode .", "The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Divergent boundary", "text": "Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system , including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise , and in the continental lithosphere by rift valleys such as the famous East African Great Rift Valley . Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system . Spreading is generally not uniform , so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different , massive transform faults occur . These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes . A sea floor map will show a rather strange pattern of blocky structures that are separated by linear features perpendicular to the ridge axis . If one views the sea floor between the fracture zones as conveyor belts carrying the ridge on each side of the rift away from the spreading center the action becomes clear . Crest depths of the old ridges , parallel to the current spreading center , will be older and deeper ... ( from thermal contraction and subsidence ) . ", "sentences": [ "Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system , including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific Rise , and in the continental lithosphere by rift valleys such as the famous East African Great Rift Valley .", "Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system .", "Spreading is generally not uniform , so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different , massive transform faults occur .", "These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes .", "A sea floor map will show a rather strange pattern of blocky structures that are separated by linear features perpendicular to the ridge axis .", "If one views the sea floor between the fracture zones as conveyor belts carrying the ridge on each side of the rift away from the spreading center the action becomes clear .", "Crest depths of the old ridges , parallel to the current spreading center , will be older and deeper ... ( from thermal contraction and subsidence ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. These are the fracture zones that are a major source of submarine earthquakes.", "selected_sentences": [ "Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system .", "These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system. Spreading is generally not uniform, so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different, massive transform faults occur. These are the fracture zones that are a major source of submarine earthquakes.", "selected_sentences": [ "Divergent boundaries can create massive fault zones in the oceanic ridge system .", "Spreading is generally not uniform , so where spreading rates of adjacent ridge blocks are different , massive transform faults occur .", "These are the fracture zones , many bearing names , that are a major source of submarine earthquakes ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Computer keyboard", "text": "Standard alphanumeric keyboards have keys that are on three - quarter inch centers ( 0.750 inches , 19.05 mm ) , and have a key travel of at least 0.150 inches ( 3.81 mm ) . Desktop computer keyboards , such as the 101 - key US traditional keyboards or the 104 - key Windows keyboards , include alphabetic characters , punctuation symbols , numbers and a variety of function keys . The internationally common 102 / 104 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right ( usually Z or Y ) . Also the enter key is usually shaped differently . Computer keyboards are similar to electric - typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys , such as the command or Windows keys . There is no standard computer keyboard , although many manufacturers imitate the keyboard of PCs . There are actually three different PC keyboards : the original PC keyboard with 84 keys , the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys . The three differ somewhat in the placement of function keys , the control keys , the return key , and the shift key . ", "sentences": [ "Standard alphanumeric keyboards have keys that are on three - quarter inch centers ( 0.750 inches , 19.05 mm ) , and have a key travel of at least 0.150 inches ( 3.81 mm ) .", "Desktop computer keyboards , such as the 101 - key US traditional keyboards or the 104 - key Windows keyboards , include alphabetic characters , punctuation symbols , numbers and a variety of function keys .", "The internationally common 102 / 104 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right ( usually Z or Y ) .", "Also the enter key is usually shaped differently .", "Computer keyboards are similar to electric - typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys , such as the command or Windows keys .", "There is no standard computer keyboard , although many manufacturers imitate the keyboard of PCs .", "There are actually three different PC keyboards : the original PC keyboard with 84 keys , the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys .", "The three differ somewhat in the placement of function keys , the control keys , the return key , and the shift key ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "There are actually three different PC keyboards: the original PC keyboard with 84 keys, the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys. Internationally common keyboards have 102/104 keys.", "selected_sentences": [ "The internationally common 102 / 104 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right ( usually Z or Y ) .", "There are actually three different PC keyboards : the original PC keyboard with 84 keys , the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea", "text": "Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world after an encounter with the forces that occupied his country that had devastating effects on his family . Not long after the incident of the poulpes , Nemo suddenly changes his behavior toward Aronnax , avoiding him . Aronnax no longer feels the same and begins to sympathize with Ned Land . Near the end of the book , the Nautilus is attacked by a warship of some nation that had made Nemo suffer . Filled with hatred and revenge , Nemo ignores Aronnax 's pleas for mercy . Nemo -- nicknamed `` angel of hatred '' by Aronnax -- destroys the ship , ramming it just below the waterline , and consequently sinking it into the bottom of the sea , much to Aronnax 's horror , as he watches the ship plunge into the abyss . Nemo bows before the pictures of his wife and children and is plunged into deep depression after this encounter . For several days after this , the protagonists ' situation changes . No one seems to be on board any longer and the Nautilus moves about randomly . Ned Land is even more depressed , Conseil fears for Ned 's life , and Aronnax , horrified at what Nemo had done to the ship , can no longer stand the situation either . One evening , Ned Land announces an opportunity to escape . Although Aronnax wants to leave Nemo , whom he now holds in horror , he still wishes to see him for the last time . But he knows that Nemo would never let him escape , so he has to avoid meeting him . Before the escape , however , he sees him one last time ( although secretly ) , and hears him say `` Almighty God ! Enough ! Enough ! '' . Aronnax immediately goes to his companions and they are ready to escape . But while they loosen the dinghy , they discover that the Nautilus has wandered into the Moskenstraumen , more commonly known as the `` Maelstrom '' . They manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway , but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown . ", "sentences": [ "Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world after an encounter with the forces that occupied his country that had devastating effects on his family .", "Not long after the incident of the poulpes , Nemo suddenly changes his behavior toward Aronnax , avoiding him .", "Aronnax no longer feels the same and begins to sympathize with Ned Land .", "Near the end of the book , the Nautilus is attacked by a warship of some nation that had made Nemo suffer .", "Filled with hatred and revenge , Nemo ignores Aronnax 's pleas for mercy .", "Nemo -- nicknamed `` angel of hatred '' by Aronnax -- destroys the ship , ramming it just below the waterline , and consequently sinking it into the bottom of the sea , much to Aronnax 's horror , as he watches the ship plunge into the abyss .", "Nemo bows before the pictures of his wife and children and is plunged into deep depression after this encounter .", "For several days after this , the protagonists ' situation changes .", "No one seems to be on board any longer and the Nautilus moves about randomly .", "Ned Land is even more depressed , Conseil fears for Ned 's life , and Aronnax , horrified at what Nemo had done to the ship , can no longer stand the situation either .", "One evening , Ned Land announces an opportunity to escape .", "Although Aronnax wants to leave Nemo , whom he now holds in horror , he still wishes to see him for the last time .", "But he knows that Nemo would never let him escape , so he has to avoid meeting him .", "Before the escape , however , he sees him one last time ( although secretly ) , and hears him say `` Almighty God !", "Enough !", "Enough ! ''", ".", "Aronnax immediately goes to his companions and they are ready to escape .", "But while they loosen the dinghy , they discover that the Nautilus has wandered into the Moskenstraumen , more commonly known as the `` Maelstrom '' .", "They manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway , but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world. Aronnax goes to his companions and they manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway, but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown.", "selected_sentences": [ "Throughout the story Captain Nemo is suggested to have exiled himself from the world after an encounter with the forces that occupied his country that had devastating effects on his family .", "Aronnax immediately goes to his companions and they are ready to escape .", "They manage to escape and find refuge on a nearby island off the coast of Norway , but the fate of the Nautilus is unknown ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Philippines", "text": "The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . ", "sentences": [ "The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia .", "Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south :", "Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao .", "The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila .", "Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Philippines is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia, and it is situated in the western Pacific Ocean . It is bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia .", "Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south :", "Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao .", "Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Philippines is in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean and bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia .", "Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south :", "Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States", "text": "Jefferson and James Madison 's conceptions of separation have long been debated . Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency , though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia . Madison issued four religious proclamations while President , but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment . On the other hand , both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol . Years before the ratification of the Constitution , Madison contended `` Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large , still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body . '' After retiring from the presidency , Madison wrote of `` total separation of the church from the state . '' `` `` Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States , '' Madison wrote , and he declared , `` practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both , and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States . '' In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded , `` We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts . do better without Kings & Nobles than with them . The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion flourishes in greater purity , without than with the aid of Govt . '' Madison 's original draft of the Bill of Rights had included provisions binding the States , as well as the Federal Government , from an establishment of religion , but the House did not pass them . ", "sentences": [ "Jefferson and James Madison 's conceptions of separation have long been debated .", "Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency , though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia .", "Madison issued four religious proclamations while President , but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment .", "On the other hand , both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol .", "Years before the ratification of the Constitution , Madison contended `` Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large , still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body . ''", "After retiring from the presidency , Madison wrote of `` total separation of the church from the state . ''", "`` `` Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States , '' Madison wrote , and he declared , `` practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both , and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States . ''", "In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded , `` We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts .", "do better without Kings & Nobles than with them .", "The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion flourishes in greater purity , without than with the aid of Govt . ''", "Madison 's original draft of the Bill of Rights had included provisions binding the States , as well as the Federal Government , from an establishment of religion , but the House did not pass them ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Madison wrote, and he declared, ``practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both\".", "selected_sentences": [ "Jefferson and James Madison 's conceptions of separation have long been debated .", "`` `` Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States , '' Madison wrote , and he declared , `` practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both , and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Helium", "text": "Most helium on Earth is a result of radioactive decay . Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock . In this way an estimated 3000 metric tons of helium are generated per year throughout the lithosphere . In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion . In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion . There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron . Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted . The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico . ", "sentences": [ "Most helium on Earth is a result of radioactive decay .", "Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock .", "In this way an estimated 3000 metric tons of helium are generated per year throughout the lithosphere .", "In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion .", "In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion .", "There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron .", "Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted .", "The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock . In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion . In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion .There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron .Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted . The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico .", "selected_sentences": [ "Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium , including cleveite , pitchblende , carnotite and monazite , because they emit alpha particles ( helium nuclei , He ) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock .", "In the Earth 's crust , the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion .", "In seawater , the concentration is only 4 parts per trillion .", "There are also small amounts in mineral springs , volcanic gas , and meteoric iron .", "Because helium is trapped in the subsurface under conditions that also trap natural gas , the greatest natural concentrations of helium on the planet are found in natural gas , from which most commercial helium is extracted .", "The concentration varies in a broad range from a few ppm to more than 7 % in a small gas field in San Juan County , New Mexico ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "To Tell the Truth", "text": "Bud Collyer was the show 's host ( Mike Wallace hosted the pilot ) ; recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston , Peggy Cass , Orson Bean , and Kitty Carlisle . ( Cass and Carlisle stayed on as panelists for most subsequent editions . ) Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson , Polly Bergen , Jayne Meadows , Don Ameche , Hy Gardner , Dick Van Dyke , Faye Emerson , Hildy Parks , John Cameron Swayze , Betty White , and Ralph Bellamy . Bern Bennett , Collyer 's announcer on Beat the Clock , was the inaugural announcer of To Tell the Truth in the 1950s . Upon Bennett 's transfer to CBS 's Los Angeles studios , Johnny Olson , who in time became the best - known of all Goodson -- Todman Productions announcers , joined the show in 1960 and remained through the end of its CBS runs . ", "sentences": [ "Bud Collyer was the show 's host ( Mike Wallace hosted the pilot ) ; recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston , Peggy Cass , Orson Bean , and Kitty Carlisle .", "( Cass and Carlisle stayed on as panelists for most subsequent editions . )", "Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson , Polly Bergen , Jayne Meadows , Don Ameche , Hy Gardner , Dick Van Dyke , Faye Emerson , Hildy Parks , John Cameron Swayze , Betty White , and Ralph Bellamy .", "Bern Bennett , Collyer 's announcer on Beat the Clock , was the inaugural announcer of To Tell the Truth in the 1950s .", "Upon Bennett 's transfer to CBS 's Los Angeles studios , Johnny Olson , who in time became the best - known of all Goodson -- Todman Productions announcers , joined the show in 1960 and remained through the end of its CBS runs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Bud Collyer was the show's host (Mike Wallace hosted the pilot); recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston, Peggy Cass, Orson Bean and Kitty Carlisle. Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson, Polly Bergen, Jayne Meadows, Don Ameche, Hy Gardner, Dick Van Dyke, Faye Emerson, Hildy Parks, John Cameron Swayze, Betty White and Ralph Bellamy.", "selected_sentences": [ "Bud Collyer was the show 's host ( Mike Wallace hosted the pilot ) ; recurring panelists by the 1960s included Tom Poston , Peggy Cass , Orson Bean , and Kitty Carlisle .", "Earlier regular panelists had included Johnny Carson , Polly Bergen , Jayne Meadows , Don Ameche , Hy Gardner , Dick Van Dyke , Faye Emerson , Hildy Parks , John Cameron Swayze , Betty White , and Ralph Bellamy ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine", "text": "The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups . The Plan tried its best to accommodate as many Jews as possible into the Jewish State . In many specific cases , this meant including areas of Arab majority ( but with a significant Jewish minority ) in the Jewish state . Thus the Jewish State would have an overall large Arab minority . Areas that were sparsely populated ( like the Negev desert ) , were also included in the Jewish state to create room for immigration . According to the plan , Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state . ", "sentences": [ "The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups .", "The Plan tried its best to accommodate as many Jews as possible into the Jewish State .", "In many specific cases , this meant including areas of Arab majority ( but with a significant Jewish minority ) in the Jewish state .", "Thus the Jewish State would have an overall large Arab minority .", "Areas that were sparsely populated ( like the Negev desert ) , were also included in the Jewish state to create room for immigration .", "According to the plan , Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups. According to the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state .", "selected_sentences": [ "The primary objectives of the majority of the Committee were political division and economic unity between the two groups .", "According to the plan , Jews and Arabs living in the Jewish state would become citizens of the Jewish state and Jews and Arabs living in the Arab state would become citizens of the Arab state ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bacterial cell structure", "text": "The cell envelope is composed of the plasma membrane and cell wall . As in other organisms , the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell . In prokaryotes , the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment . The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane . Peptidoglycan is made up of a polysaccharide backbone consisting of alternating N - Acetylmuramic acid ( NAM ) and N - acetylglucosamine ( NAG ) residues in equal amounts . Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape . It is relatively porous and is not considered to be a permeability barrier for small substrates . While all bacterial cell walls ( with a few exceptions e.g. extracellular parasites such as Mycoplasma ) contain peptidoglycan , not all cell walls have the same overall structures . Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival , but is absent in some eukaryotes , several antibiotics ( notably the penicillins and cephalosporins ) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis , while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane . There are two main types of bacterial cell walls , those of gram - positive bacteria and those of gram - negative bacteria , which are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics . For both these types of bacteria , particles of approximately 2 nm can pass through the peptidoglycan . If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed , it is called a protoplast while if it 's partially removed , it is called a spheroplast . β - Lactam antibiotics such as penicillin inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall . The enzyme lysozyme , found in human tears , also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body 's main defense against eye infections . ", "sentences": [ "The cell envelope is composed of the plasma membrane and cell wall .", "As in other organisms , the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell .", "In prokaryotes , the primary function of the cell wall is to protect the cell from internal turgor pressure caused by the much higher concentrations of proteins and other molecules inside the cell compared to its external environment .", "The bacterial cell wall differs from that of all other organisms by the presence of peptidoglycan which is located immediately outside of the cytoplasmic membrane .", "Peptidoglycan is made up of a polysaccharide backbone consisting of alternating N - Acetylmuramic acid ( NAM ) and N - acetylglucosamine ( NAG ) residues in equal amounts .", "Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall and for the determination of cell shape .", "It is relatively porous and is not considered to be a permeability barrier for small substrates .", "While all bacterial cell walls ( with a few exceptions e.g. extracellular parasites such as Mycoplasma ) contain peptidoglycan , not all cell walls have the same overall structures .", "Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival , but is absent in some eukaryotes , several antibiotics ( notably the penicillins and cephalosporins ) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis , while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane .", "There are two main types of bacterial cell walls , those of gram - positive bacteria and those of gram - negative bacteria , which are differentiated by their Gram staining characteristics .", "For both these types of bacteria , particles of approximately 2 nm can pass through the peptidoglycan .", "If the bacterial cell wall is entirely removed , it is called a protoplast while if it 's partially removed , it is called a spheroplast .", "β - Lactam antibiotics such as penicillin inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall .", "The enzyme lysozyme , found in human tears , also digests the cell wall of bacteria and is the body 's main defense against eye infections ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "As in other organisms, the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell. Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival, several antibiotics (notably the penicillins and cephalosporins) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis, while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane.", "selected_sentences": [ "As in other organisms , the bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity to the cell .", "Since the cell wall is required for bacterial survival , but is absent in some eukaryotes , several antibiotics ( notably the penicillins and cephalosporins ) stop bacterial infections by interfering with cell wall synthesis , while having no effects on human cells which have no cell wall only a cell membrane ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "William Beaumont", "text": "By August 1825 , Beaumont had been relocated to Fort Niagara in New York , and Alexis St. Martin had come with him . Beaumont recognized that he had in St. Martin an unusual opportunity to observe digestive processes . Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin . Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach . Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested . Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis . In September , Alexis St. Martin ran away from Dr. Beaumont and moved to Canada , leaving Beaumont to concentrate on his duties as an army surgeon but Dr. Beaumont had him caught to continue to exhibit him . Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups . This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one . ", "sentences": [ "By August 1825 , Beaumont had been relocated to Fort Niagara in New York , and Alexis St. Martin had come with him .", "Beaumont recognized that he had in St. Martin an unusual opportunity to observe digestive processes .", "Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin .", "Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach .", "Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested .", "Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis .", "In September , Alexis St. Martin ran away from Dr. Beaumont and moved to Canada , leaving Beaumont to concentrate on his duties as an army surgeon but Dr. Beaumont had him caught to continue to exhibit him .", "Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups .", "This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin . Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach . Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested . Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis .Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups . This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one .", "selected_sentences": [ "Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin .", "Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach .", "Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested .", "Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis .", "Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups .", "This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Super Bowl", "text": "The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) . It was agreed that the two leagues ' champion teams would play in the AFL -- NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970 . After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion . Currently , the National Football Conference ( NFC ) leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles , with six . The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances , with ten . Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings , which is the record for the most rings won by a single player . ", "sentences": [ "The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) .", "It was agreed that the two leagues ' champion teams would play in the AFL -- NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970 .", "After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion .", "Currently , the National Football Conference ( NFC ) leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference ( AFC ) .", "The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles , with six .", "The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances , with ten .", "Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings , which is the record for the most rings won by a single player ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Super Bowl was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) . After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion .", "selected_sentences": [ "The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) .", "After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "After the merger between the NFL and the AFL, each league was redesignated as a `` conference '', and the Super Bowl has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL's league champion.", "selected_sentences": [ "The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) .", "After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Peña (surname)", "text": "Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname . The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages . The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena ( Burgos ) in the Kingdom of Castile . The origin of the last name is in present - day Galicia , Spain . The Peñas lived , originally , near a cliff or rocky land . Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . '' ", "sentences": [ "Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname .", "The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages .", "The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena ( Burgos ) in the Kingdom of Castile .", "The origin of the last name is in present - day Galicia , Spain .", "The Peñas lived , originally , near a cliff or rocky land .", "Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages.\r\nRecords indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''", "selected_sentences": [ "The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages .", "Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning \"rock,\" \"crag\" or \"cliff \"", "selected_sentences": [ "The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages .", "Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Klondike (solitaire)", "text": "For a standard game of Klondike , drawing three cards at a time and placing no limit on the number of re-deals , the number of possible hands is over 7067800000000000000 ♠ 8 × 10 , or an 8 followed by 67 zeros . About 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable . If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable . Note that these results depend on complete knowledge of the positions of all 52 cards , which a player does not possess . Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver . The issue is that a wrong move can not be known in advance whenever more than one move is possible . The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % . In addition , some games are `` unplayable '' in which no cards can be moved to the foundations even at the start of the game ; these occur in only 0.25 % ( 1 in 400 ) of hands dealt . ", "sentences": [ "For a standard game of Klondike , drawing three cards at a time and placing no limit on the number of re-deals , the number of possible hands is over 7067800000000000000 ♠ 8 × 10 , or an 8 followed by 67 zeros .", "About 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable .", "If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable .", "Note that these results depend on complete knowledge of the positions of all 52 cards , which a player does not possess .", "Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver .", "The issue is that a wrong move can not be known in advance whenever more than one move is possible .", "The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % .", "In addition , some games are `` unplayable '' in which no cards can be moved to the foundations even at the start of the game ; these occur in only 0.25 % ( 1 in 400 ) of hands dealt ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In Klondike (solitaire), about 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable . If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable . Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver . The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % .", "selected_sentences": [ "About 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable .", "If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable .", "Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver .", "The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Magic bullet (medicine)", "text": "In 1906 Ehrlich developed a new derivative of arsenic compound , which he code - named Compound 606 ( the number representing the series of all his tested compounds ) . The compound was effective against malaria infection in experimental animals . In 1905 , Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann identified a spirochaete bacterium ( Treponema pallidum ) as the causative organism of syphilis . With this new knowledge , Ehrlich tested Compound 606 ( chemically arsphenamine ) on a syphilis - infected rabbit . He did not recognise its effectiveness . Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 he found that the rabbit , which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose , the rabbit showed no adverse effect . ( The normal treatment procedure of syphilis at the time involved two to four years routine injection with mercury . ) Ehrlich , after receiving this information , performed experiments on human patients with the same success . After convincing clinical trials , the compound number 606 was given a trade name `` Salvarsan '' , a portmanteau for `` saving arsenic '' . Salvarsan was commercially introduced in 1910 , and in 1913 , a less toxic form `` Neosalvarsan '' ( Compound 914 ) was released in the market . These drugs became the principal treatments of syphilis until the arrival of penicillin and other novel antibiotics towards the middle of the 20th century . Ehrlich 's research on the magic bullet was the foundation of pharmaceutical research . ", "sentences": [ "In 1906 Ehrlich developed a new derivative of arsenic compound , which he code - named Compound 606", "( the number representing the series of all his tested compounds ) .", "The compound was effective against malaria infection in experimental animals .", "In 1905 , Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann identified a spirochaete bacterium ( Treponema pallidum ) as the causative organism of syphilis .", "With this new knowledge , Ehrlich tested Compound 606 ( chemically arsphenamine ) on a syphilis - infected rabbit .", "He did not recognise its effectiveness .", "Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 he found that the rabbit , which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose , the rabbit showed no adverse effect .", "( The normal treatment procedure of syphilis at the time involved two to four years routine injection with mercury . )", "Ehrlich , after receiving this information , performed experiments on human patients with the same success .", "After convincing clinical trials , the compound number 606 was given a trade name `` Salvarsan '' , a portmanteau for `` saving arsenic '' .", "Salvarsan was commercially introduced in 1910 , and in 1913 , a less toxic form `` Neosalvarsan ''", "( Compound 914 ) was released in the market .", "These drugs became the principal treatments of syphilis until the arrival of penicillin and other novel antibiotics towards the middle of the 20th century .", "Ehrlich 's research on the magic bullet was the foundation of pharmaceutical research ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 that the rabbit, which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose and showed no adverse effect. Ehrlich, after receiving this information, performed experiments on human patients with the same success.", "selected_sentences": [ "Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 he found that the rabbit , which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose , the rabbit showed no adverse effect .", "Ehrlich , after receiving this information , performed experiments on human patients with the same success ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Underworld (film series)", "text": "Underworld is a series of action horror films directed by Len Wiseman , Patrick Tatopoulos , Måns Mårlind , Björn Stein , and Anna Foerster . The first film , Underworld , was released in 2003 . It tells the story of Selene ( Kate Beckinsale ) , a vampire who works as a Death Dealer , killing the lycans who allegedly slaughtered her family . The second film , Underworld : Evolution , was released in 2006 . In this film , Selene takes Michael Corvin , a lycan / vampire hybrid , to a vampire safehouse and plans to return to Viktor 's estate to awaken another elder Markus , whom they discover is the first Vampire and a powerful enemy . The third film , Underworld : Rise of the Lycans , is the prequel to the series , chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war ( it was released on January 23 , 2009 ) . The fourth film , Underworld : Awakening , is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20 , 2012 . In this film , humans have discovered the existence of the vampire and lycan clans , and are trying to eradicate both species . A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24 , 2016 , and in the United States on January 6 , 2017 . ", "sentences": [ "Underworld is a series of action horror films directed by Len Wiseman , Patrick Tatopoulos , Måns Mårlind , Björn Stein , and Anna Foerster .", "The first film , Underworld , was released in 2003 .", "It tells the story of Selene ( Kate Beckinsale ) , a vampire who works as a Death Dealer , killing the lycans who allegedly slaughtered her family .", "The second film , Underworld : Evolution , was released in 2006 .", "In this film , Selene takes Michael Corvin , a lycan / vampire hybrid , to a vampire safehouse and plans to return to Viktor 's estate to awaken another elder Markus , whom they discover is the first Vampire and a powerful enemy .", "The third film , Underworld : Rise of the Lycans , is the prequel to the series , chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war ( it was released on January 23 , 2009 ) .", "The fourth film , Underworld : Awakening , is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20 , 2012 .", "In this film , humans have discovered the existence of the vampire and lycan clans , and are trying to eradicate both species .", "A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24 , 2016 , and in the United States on January 6 , 2017 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The first film, Underworld, was released in 2003.\r\nThe second film, Underworld: Evolution was released in 2006.\r\n The third film, Underworld : Rise of the Lycans, is the prequel to the series, chronicling the origins of the vampire-lycan war (it was released on January 23, 2009).\r\nThe fourth film, Underworld : Awakening, is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20, 2012.\r\nA fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24, 2016, and in the United States on January 6, 2017.", "selected_sentences": [ "The first film , Underworld , was released in 2003 .", "The second film , Underworld : Evolution , was released in 2006 .", "The third film , Underworld : Rise of the Lycans , is the prequel to the series , chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war ( it was released on January 23 , 2009 ) .", "The fourth film , Underworld : Awakening , is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20 , 2012 .", "A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24 , 2016 , and in the United States on January 6 , 2017 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Love Story (Taylor Swift song)", "text": "A castle was chosen for the video 's setting . Personnel researched numerous castles in the United States and were unable to locate one in sufficient condition for filming . They had considered traveling to Europe to find a castle , but were then informed about a castle south of Nashville , Tennessee . Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting . Wardrobe for the video was supplied by Jacquard Fabrics , excluding Swift 's dress for the balcony scene . The dress was designed by Sandi Spika with inspiration and suggestions from Swift . `` She loves to put her input in her dresses '' , stated Spika . The two had discussed the dress two months prior to the filming of the video . Accentuates were made on the video set . The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee . On the first day , the balcony and field scenes were shot . On the set , someone had replaced the playback CD with a high - pitch , altered version of the song . As a result , Swift lent the crew her iPod to play the original track . While filming another scene , sunset was about to occur and , therefore , the process was executed rather rapidly . For the scene , Fanjoy suggested a kiss between Swift and Gaston , but Swift refused to because she believed it would make for a sweeter moment . On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed . Swift learned the choreography for the latter in fifteen minutes prior to filming . Approximately 20 dancers were used for the scene . ", "sentences": [ "A castle was chosen for the video 's setting .", "Personnel researched numerous castles in the United States and were unable to locate one in sufficient condition for filming .", "They had considered traveling to Europe to find a castle , but were then informed about a castle south of Nashville , Tennessee .", "Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting .", "Wardrobe for the video was supplied by Jacquard Fabrics , excluding Swift 's dress for the balcony scene .", "The dress was designed by Sandi Spika with inspiration and suggestions from Swift .", "`` She loves to put her input in her dresses '' , stated Spika .", "The two had discussed the dress two months prior to the filming of the video .", "Accentuates were made on the video set .", "The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee .", "On the first day , the balcony and field scenes were shot .", "On the set , someone had replaced the playback CD with a high - pitch , altered version of the song .", "As a result , Swift lent the crew her iPod to play the original track .", "While filming another scene , sunset was about to occur and , therefore , the process was executed rather rapidly .", "For the scene , Fanjoy suggested a kiss between Swift and Gaston , but Swift refused to because she believed it would make for a sweeter moment .", "On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed .", "Swift learned the choreography for the latter in fifteen minutes prior to filming .", "Approximately 20 dancers were used for the scene ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting . On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed .", "selected_sentences": [ "Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting .", "The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee .", "On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The video of the song Love Story was filmed in both Castle Gwynn and Cumberland University in Tennessee.", "selected_sentences": [ "Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting .", "The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee .", "On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of evolutionary thought", "text": "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory , explained in detail in Darwin 's On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) . Unlike Lamarck , Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life , meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor . Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection : it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry , biogeography , geology , morphology , and embryology . Debate over Darwin 's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution , but the specific mechanism he proposed , natural selection , was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s . Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution . Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' ( c. 1880 to 1920 ) included inheritance of acquired characteristics ( neo-Lamarckism ) , an innate drive for change ( orthogenesis ) , and sudden large mutations ( saltationism ) . Mendelian genetics , a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900 , was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher , J.B.S. Haldane , and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s , and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics . During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields , resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis . ", "sentences": [ "In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory , explained in detail in Darwin 's On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) .", "Unlike Lamarck , Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life , meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor .", "Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection : it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry , biogeography , geology , morphology , and embryology .", "Debate over Darwin 's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution , but the specific mechanism he proposed , natural selection , was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s .", "Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution .", "Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' ( c. 1880 to 1920 ) included inheritance of acquired characteristics ( neo-Lamarckism ) , an innate drive for change ( orthogenesis ) , and sudden large mutations ( saltationism ) .", "Mendelian genetics , a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900 , was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher , J.B.S. Haldane , and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s , and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics .", "During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields , resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor.\r\n Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' (c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism .", "selected_sentences": [ "Unlike Lamarck , Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life , meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor .", "Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' ( c. 1880 to 1920 ) included inheritance of acquired characteristics ( neo-Lamarckism ) , an innate drive for change ( orthogenesis ) , and sudden large mutations ( saltationism ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Fall of the Western Roman Empire", "text": "Relevant dates include 117 CE , when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent , and the accession of Diocletian in 284 . Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others . In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons . Further barbarians crossed the Rhine and other frontiers , and like the Goths were never killed , expelled or subjected . The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective , and despite brief recoveries under able leaders , central rule was never effectively consolidated . By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman . Barbarians had established their own power in most of the area of the Western Empire . While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today , the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again . The Eastern Empire survived , and though lessened in strength remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean . ", "sentences": [ "Relevant dates include 117 CE , when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent , and the accession of Diocletian in 284 .", "Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .", "In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .", "Further barbarians crossed the Rhine and other frontiers , and like the Goths were never killed , expelled or subjected .", "The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective , and despite brief recoveries under able leaders , central rule was never effectively consolidated .", "By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman .", "Barbarians had established their own power in most of the area of the Western Empire .", "While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today , the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again .", "The Eastern Empire survived , and though lessened in strength remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman .", "selected_sentences": [ "Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .", "In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .", "By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Empire faced a major territorial loss in 376 and in 395, after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains.", "selected_sentences": [ "Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .", "In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .", "By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tar Heel", "text": "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history . For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina . Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it . One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' . The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War . ", "sentences": [ "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .", "For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina .", "Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it .", "One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .", "The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown, but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar, pitch and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina's most important exports early in the state's history. It was a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War, because of the state's importance on the Confederate side, and the fact that the troops ``stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels''.", "selected_sentences": [ "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .", "One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports.\r\nA number of legends have developed to explain the nickname. One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history .", "Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it .", "One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show", "text": "The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman . The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien , who is also a member of the cast . The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show , with music , book , and lyrics by O'Brien . The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s . Along with O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions . ", "sentences": [ "The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman .", "The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien , who is also a member of the cast .", "The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show , with music , book , and lyrics by O'Brien .", "The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s .", "Along with O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Along with Richard O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions .", "selected_sentences": [ "The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien , who is also a member of the cast .", "Along with O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Along with Richard O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre and Belasco Theatre productions.", "selected_sentences": [ "The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien , who is also a member of the cast .", "Along with O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of the Knights Templar", "text": "The Knights Templar were the elite fighting force of their day , highly trained , well - equipped and highly motivated ; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle , unless outnumbered three to one , and even then only by order of their commander , or if the Templar flag went down . Not all Knights Templar were warriors . The mission of most of the members was one of support -- to acquire resources which could be used to fund and equip the small percentage of members who were fighting on the front lines . There were actually three classes within the orders . The highest class was the knight . When a candidate was sworn into the order , the initiation made the knight a monk . They wore white robes . The knights could hold no property and receive no private letters . He could not be married or betrothed and can not have any vow in any other Order . He could not have debt more than he could pay , and no infirmities . The Templar priest class was similar to the modern day military chaplain . Wearing green robes , they conducted religious services , led prayers , and were assigned record keeping and letter writing . They always wore gloves , unless they were giving Holy Communion . The mounted men - at - arms represented the most common class , and they were called `` brothers '' . They were usually assigned two horses each and held many positions , including guard , steward , squire or other support vocations . As the main support staff , they wore black or brown robes and were partially garbed in chain mail or plate mail . The armor was not as complete as the knights . Because of this infrastructure , the warriors were well - trained and very well armed . Even their horses were trained to fight in combat , fully armored . The combination of soldier and monk was also a powerful one , as to the Templar knights , martyrdom in battle was one of the most glorious ways to die . ", "sentences": [ "The Knights Templar were the elite fighting force of their day , highly trained , well - equipped and highly motivated ; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle , unless outnumbered three to one , and even then only by order of their commander , or if the Templar flag went down .", "Not all Knights Templar were warriors .", "The mission of most of the members was one of support -- to acquire resources which could be used to fund and equip the small percentage of members who were fighting on the front lines .", "There were actually three classes within the orders .", "The highest class was the knight .", "When a candidate was sworn into the order , the initiation made the knight a monk .", "They wore white robes .", "The knights could hold no property and receive no private letters .", "He could not be married or betrothed and can not have any vow in any other Order .", "He could not have debt more than he could pay , and no infirmities .", "The Templar priest class was similar to the modern day military chaplain .", "Wearing green robes , they conducted religious services , led prayers , and were assigned record keeping and letter writing .", "They always wore gloves , unless they were giving Holy Communion .", "The mounted men - at - arms represented the most common class , and they were called `` brothers '' .", "They were usually assigned two horses each and held many positions , including guard , steward , squire or other support vocations .", "As the main support staff , they wore black or brown robes and were partially garbed in chain mail or plate mail .", "The armor was not as complete as the knights .", "Because of this infrastructure , the warriors were well - trained and very well armed .", "Even their horses were trained to fight in combat , fully armored .", "The combination of soldier and monk was also a powerful one , as to the Templar knights , martyrdom in battle was one of the most glorious ways to die ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Knights Templar were the elite fighting force of their day, highly trained, well - equipped and highly motivated; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle, unless outnumbered three to one, and even then only by order of their commander, or if the Templar flag went down.\r\nThe mission of most of the members was one of support -- to acquire resources which could be used to fund and equip the small percentage of members who were fighting on the front lines .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Knights Templar were the elite fighting force of their day , highly trained , well - equipped and highly motivated ; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle , unless outnumbered three to one , and even then only by order of their commander , or if the Templar flag went down .", "The mission of most of the members was one of support -- to acquire resources which could be used to fund and equip the small percentage of members who were fighting on the front lines ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Saudi Arabia", "text": "Saudi Arabia ( / ˌsɔːdi əˈreɪbiə / ( listen ) , / ˌsaʊ - / ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ) , is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . With a land area of approximately 2,150,000 km ( 830,000 sq mi ) , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth - largest state in Asia and second - largest state in the Arab world after Algeria . Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south . It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast and most of its terrain consists of arid desert and mountains . ", "sentences": [ "Saudi Arabia ( / ˌsɔːdi əˈreɪbiə / ( listen ) , / ˌsaʊ - / ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ) , is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula .", "With a land area of approximately 2,150,000 km ( 830,000 sq mi ) , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth - largest state in Asia and second - largest state in the Arab world after Algeria .", "Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south .", "It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba .", "It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast and most of its terrain consists of arid desert and mountains ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . It is \r\n bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba.", "selected_sentences": [ "Saudi Arabia ( / ˌsɔːdi əˈreɪbiə / ( listen ) , / ˌsaʊ - / ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ) , is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula .", "Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south .", "It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mr. Bean", "text": "At the beginning of episode two onwards , as part of the opening credits , Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light , accompanied by a choir singing Ecce homo qui est faba ( `` Behold the man who is a bean '' ) , recorded by Southwark Cathedral Choir in 1990 . These opening sequences were initially in black and white in episodes two and three , and were intended by the producers to show his status as an `` ordinary man cast into the spotlight '' . However , later episodes showed Mr. Bean dropping from the night sky in a deserted London street against the backdrop of St Paul 's Cathedral . At the end of episodes three and six he is also shown being sucked right back up into the sky in the respective background scenes ( black scene in episode 3 and street scene in episode 6 ) . Atkinson has acknowledged that Bean `` has a slightly alien aspect to him '' . In an episode of the animated series , `` Double Trouble '' , the alien aspect of him was used in a storyline , in which he is taken inside a spacecraft with `` aliens '' who look exactly like him and even have their own plushy toys . In an obvious homage towards the end , the aliens send him back home in a beam of light and music similar to the opening of the original Mr. Bean series . Whether Bean is an extraterrestrial is not made clear . ", "sentences": [ "At the beginning of episode two onwards , as part of the opening credits , Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light , accompanied by a choir singing Ecce homo qui est faba ( `` Behold the man who is a bean '' ) , recorded by Southwark Cathedral Choir in 1990 .", "These opening sequences were initially in black and white in episodes two and three , and were intended by the producers to show his status as an `` ordinary man cast into the spotlight '' .", "However , later episodes showed Mr. Bean dropping from the night sky in a deserted London street against the backdrop of St Paul 's Cathedral .", "At the end of episodes three and six he is also shown being sucked right back up into the sky in the respective background scenes ( black scene in episode 3 and street scene in episode 6 ) .", "Atkinson has acknowledged that Bean `` has a slightly alien aspect to him '' .", "In an episode of the animated series , `` Double Trouble '' , the alien aspect of him was used in a storyline , in which he is taken inside a spacecraft with `` aliens '' who look exactly like him and even have their own plushy toys .", "In an obvious homage towards the end , the aliens send him back home in a beam of light and music similar to the opening of the original Mr. Bean series .", "Whether Bean is an extraterrestrial is not made clear ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "At the beginning of episode two onwards, as part of the opening credits, Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light. Whether Bean is an extraterrestrial is not made clear.", "selected_sentences": [ "At the beginning of episode two onwards , as part of the opening credits , Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light , accompanied by a choir singing Ecce homo qui est faba ( `` Behold the man who is a bean '' ) , recorded by Southwark Cathedral Choir in 1990 .", "Whether Bean is an extraterrestrial is not made clear ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "These opening with Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light was initially in black and white in episodes two and three , and were intended by the producers to show his status as an `` ordinary man cast into the spotlight '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "At the beginning of episode two onwards , as part of the opening credits , Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light , accompanied by a choir singing Ecce homo qui est faba ( `` Behold the man who is a bean '' ) , recorded by Southwark Cathedral Choir in 1990 .", "These opening sequences were initially in black and white in episodes two and three , and were intended by the producers to show his status as an `` ordinary man cast into the spotlight '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Port and starboard", "text": "The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord , meaning the side on which the ship is steered . Before ships had rudders on their centrelines , they were steered with a steering oar at the stern of the ship and , because more people are right - handed , on the right - hand side of it . The term is cognate with the Old Norse stýri ( rudder ) and borð ( side of a ship ) . Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat , it would tie up at wharf on the other side . Hence the left side was called port . ", "sentences": [ "The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord , meaning the side on which the ship is steered .", "Before ships had rudders on their centrelines , they were steered with a steering oar at the stern of the ship and , because more people are right - handed , on the right - hand side of it .", "The term is cognate with the Old Norse stýri ( rudder ) and borð ( side of a ship ) .", "Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat , it would tie up at wharf on the other side .", "Hence the left side was called port ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord, meaning the side on which the ship is steered. Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat, it would tie up at wharf on the other side. Hence the left side was called port.", "selected_sentences": [ "The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord , meaning the side on which the ship is steered .", "Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat , it would tie up at wharf on the other side .", "Hence the left side was called port ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Maya numerals", "text": "The Mayan numeral system was the system to represent numbers and calendar dates in the Maya civilization . It was a vigesimal ( base - 20 ) positional numeral system . The numerals are made up of three symbols ; zero ( shell shape , with the plastron uppermost ) , one ( a dot ) and five ( a bar ) . For example , thirteen is written as three dots in a horizontal row above two horizontal bars ; sometimes it is also written as three vertical dots to the left of two vertical bars . With these three symbols each of the twenty vigesimal digits could be written . ", "sentences": [ "The Mayan numeral system was the system to represent numbers and calendar dates in the Maya civilization .", "It was a vigesimal ( base - 20 ) positional numeral system .", "The numerals are made up of three symbols ; zero ( shell shape , with the plastron uppermost ) , one ( a dot ) and five ( a bar ) .", "For example , thirteen is written as three dots in a horizontal row above two horizontal bars ; sometimes it is also written as three vertical dots to the left of two vertical bars .", "With these three symbols each of the twenty vigesimal digits could be written ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Mayan numerals are made up of three symbols; zero (shell shape, with the plastron uppermost), one (a dot) and five (a bar). With these three symbols each of the twenty vigesimal digits could be written.", "selected_sentences": [ "The numerals are made up of three symbols ; zero ( shell shape , with the plastron uppermost ) , one ( a dot ) and five ( a bar ) .", "With these three symbols each of the twenty vigesimal digits could be written ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Keeping up with the Joneses", "text": "Social status once depended on one 's family name ; however , the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility . With the increasing availability of goods , people became more inclined to define themselves by what they possessed and the subtle quest for higher status accelerated . Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since . The desire to increase one 's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America . The upward mobility over the past few decades in America is due in part to the large number of women joining the labor force . U.S. women have slowly and steadily increased their participation in the labor force from 46 % of all women ( age 16 + ) in 1974 to almost 60 % in 2004 . ", "sentences": [ "Social status once depended on one 's family name ; however , the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility .", "With the increasing availability of goods , people became more inclined to define themselves by what they possessed and the subtle quest for higher status accelerated .", "Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since .", "The desire to increase one 's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America .", "The upward mobility over the past few decades in America is due in part to the large number of women joining the labor force .", "U.S. women have slowly and steadily increased their participation in the labor force from 46 % of all women ( age 16 + ) in 1974 to almost 60 % in 2004 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Social status once depended on one's family name; however, the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility. The desire to increase one's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America. Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since.", "selected_sentences": [ "Social status once depended on one 's family name ; however , the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility .", "Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since .", "The desire to increase one 's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Angels Take Manhattan", "text": "The Doctor , River , Amy , and Rory suddenly find themselves near the TARDIS in a New York graveyard back in 2012 , Rory 's plan having worked . As the four prepare to depart , Rory catches sight of a tombstone with his name on it . He is then touched by a surviving , albeit weakened , Angel and sent into the past . The Doctor is unable to take the TARDIS back to get him , due to the paradox Rory and Amy created . Amy refuses to be parted from Rory and willingly allows herself to be touched by the same Angel in the hope of being sent back to the same time as he was . Her name then appears along with Rory 's on the tombstone . The Doctor is distraught , but River reminds him that while their fates are now sealed , Amy likely published the Melody Malone book in the past and may have left him a message . The Doctor races back to where they had their picnic and recovers the final page , finding the afterword written by Amy to him . Amy explains that she and Rory lived out a good and happy life for themselves , and asks the Doctor to visit her childhood self to assure her that he will come back for her to take her on amazing journeys . The episode ends with a young Amelia Pond sitting in her back garden , then looking up and smiling as the TARDIS engines are heard . ", "sentences": [ "The Doctor , River , Amy , and Rory suddenly find themselves near the TARDIS in a New York graveyard back in 2012 , Rory 's plan having worked .", "As the four prepare to depart , Rory catches sight of a tombstone with his name on it .", "He is then touched by a surviving , albeit weakened , Angel and sent into the past .", "The Doctor is unable to take the TARDIS back to get him , due to the paradox Rory and Amy created .", "Amy refuses to be parted from Rory and willingly allows herself to be touched by the same Angel in the hope of being sent back to the same time as he was .", "Her name then appears along with Rory 's on the tombstone .", "The Doctor is distraught , but River reminds him that while their fates are now sealed , Amy likely published the Melody Malone book in the past and may have left him a message .", "The Doctor races back to where they had their picnic and recovers the final page , finding the afterword written by Amy to him .", "Amy explains that she and Rory lived out a good and happy life for themselves , and asks the Doctor to visit her childhood self to assure her that he will come back for her to take her on amazing journeys .", "The episode ends with a young Amelia Pond sitting in her back garden , then looking up and smiling as the TARDIS engines are heard ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Doctor, River, Amy and Rory suddenly find themselves in a New York graveyard. As the four prepare to depart, Rory catches sight of a tombstone with his name on it. Amy refuses to be parted from Rory. Her name then appears along with Rory's on the tombstone. The Doctor is distraught, but River reminds him that Amy may have left him a message. The Doctor races back and finds the afterword written by Amy. Amy explains that she and Rory lived out a good and happy life for themselves, and asks the Doctor to visit her childhood self to assure her that he will come back for her to take her on amazing journeys.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Doctor , River , Amy , and Rory suddenly find themselves near the TARDIS in a New York graveyard back in 2012 , Rory 's plan having worked .", "As the four prepare to depart , Rory catches sight of a tombstone with his name on it .", "Amy refuses to be parted from Rory and willingly allows herself to be touched by the same Angel in the hope of being sent back to the same time as he was .", "Her name then appears along with Rory 's on the tombstone .", "The Doctor is distraught , but River reminds him that while their fates are now sealed , Amy likely published the Melody Malone book in the past and may have left him a message .", "The Doctor races back to where they had their picnic and recovers the final page , finding the afterword written by Amy to him .", "Amy explains that she and Rory lived out a good and happy life for themselves , and asks the Doctor to visit her childhood self to assure her that he will come back for her to take her on amazing journeys ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Amazon rainforest", "text": "The Amazon rainforest ( Portuguese : Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia ; Spanish : Selva Amazónica , Amazonía or usually Amazonia ; French : Forêt amazonienne ; Dutch : Amazoneregenwoud ) , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle , is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America . This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres ( 2,700,000 sq mi ) , of which 5,500,000 square kilometres ( 2,100,000 sq mi ) are covered by the rainforest . This region includes territory belonging to nine nations . The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana . States or departments in four nations contain `` Amazonas '' in their names . The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world , with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species . ", "sentences": [ "The Amazon rainforest ( Portuguese : Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia ; Spanish : Selva Amazónica , Amazonía or usually Amazonia ; French : Forêt amazonienne ;", "Dutch : Amazoneregenwoud ) , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle , is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America .", "This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres ( 2,700,000 sq mi ) , of which 5,500,000 square kilometres ( 2,100,000 sq mi ) are covered by the rainforest .", "This region includes territory belonging to nine nations .", "The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana .", "States or departments in four nations contain `` Amazonas '' in their names .", "The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world , with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The majority of the Amazon rainforest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and some minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Amazon rainforest ( Portuguese : Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia ; Spanish : Selva Amazónica , Amazonía or usually Amazonia ; French : Forêt amazonienne ;", "The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Amazon rainforest represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world. It is contained within Brazil, Peru, Columbia, Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Amazon rainforest ( Portuguese : Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia ; Spanish : Selva Amazónica , Amazonía or usually Amazonia ; French : Forêt amazonienne ;", "The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana .", "The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world , with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mid-ocean ridge", "text": "A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics . It consists of various mountains linked in chains , typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine . This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center , which is responsible for seafloor spreading . The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading ; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts . The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust , and emerges as lava , creating new crust upon cooling . A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates , and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary . ", "sentences": [ "A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics .", "It consists of various mountains linked in chains , typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine .", "This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center , which is responsible for seafloor spreading .", "The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading ; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts .", "The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust , and emerges as lava , creating new crust upon cooling .", "A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates , and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.\r\nThis type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading.", "selected_sentences": [ "A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics .", "This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center , which is responsible for seafloor spreading ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The mid-ocean ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading.", "selected_sentences": [ "A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics .", "This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center , which is responsible for seafloor spreading ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "French horn", "text": "The name `` French horn '' is found only in English , first coming into use in the late 17th century . At that time , French makers were preeminent in the manufacture of hunting horns , and were credited with creating the now - familiar , circular `` hoop '' shape of the instrument . As a result , these instruments were often called , even in English , by their French names : trompe de chasse or cor de chasse ( the clear modern distinction between trompes , trumpets , and cors , horns , did not exist at that time ) . German makers first devised crooks to make such horns playable in different keys -- so musicians came to use `` French '' and `` German '' to distinguish the simple hunting horn from the newer horn with crooks , which in England was also called by the Italian name corno cromatico ( chromatic horn ) . More recently , `` French horn '' is often used colloquially , though the adjective has normally been avoided when referring to the European orchestral horn , ever since the German horn began replacing the French - style instrument in British orchestras around 1930 . The International Horn Society has recommended since 1971 that the instrument be simply called the horn . ", "sentences": [ "The name `` French horn '' is found only in English , first coming into use in the late 17th century .", "At that time , French makers were preeminent in the manufacture of hunting horns , and were credited with creating the now - familiar , circular `` hoop '' shape of the instrument .", "As a result , these instruments were often called , even in English , by their French names : trompe de chasse or cor de chasse ( the clear modern distinction between trompes , trumpets , and cors , horns , did not exist at that time ) .", "German makers first devised crooks to make such horns playable in different keys -- so musicians came to use `` French '' and `` German '' to distinguish the simple hunting horn from the newer horn with crooks , which in England was also called by the Italian name corno cromatico ( chromatic horn ) .", "More recently , `` French horn '' is often used colloquially , though the adjective has normally been avoided when referring to the European orchestral horn , ever since the German horn began replacing the French - style instrument in British orchestras around 1930 .", "The International Horn Society has recommended since 1971 that the instrument be simply called the horn ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The name ``French horn'' is found only in English. The French names are: trompe de chasse and cor de chasse.", "selected_sentences": [ "The name `` French horn '' is found only in English , first coming into use in the late 17th century .", "As a result , these instruments were often called , even in English , by their French names : trompe de chasse or cor de chasse ( the clear modern distinction between trompes , trumpets , and cors , horns , did not exist at that time ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Crusades", "text": "In 1095 , Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont . He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia . One of Urban 's aims was to guarantee pilgrims access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites that were under Muslim control but scholars disagree as to whether this was the primary motive for Urban or those who heeded his call . Urban 's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish himself as head of the unified Church . The initial success of the Crusade established the first four Crusader states in the Eastern Mediterranean : the County of Edessa , the Principality of Antioch , the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Tripoli . The enthusiastic response to Urban 's preaching from all classes in Western Europe established a precedent for other Crusades . Volunteers became Crusaders by taking a public vow and receiving plenary indulgences from the Church . Some were hoping for a mass ascension into heaven at Jerusalem or God 's forgiveness for all their sins . Others participated to satisfy feudal obligations , obtain glory and honour or to seek economic and political gain . ", "sentences": [ "In 1095 , Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont .", "He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia .", "One of Urban 's aims was to guarantee pilgrims access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites that were under Muslim control but scholars disagree as to whether this was the primary motive for Urban or those who heeded his call .", "Urban 's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish himself as head of the unified Church .", "The initial success of the Crusade established the first four Crusader states in the Eastern Mediterranean : the County of Edessa , the Principality of Antioch , the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Tripoli .", "The enthusiastic response to Urban 's preaching from all classes in Western Europe established a precedent for other Crusades .", "Volunteers became Crusaders by taking a public vow and receiving plenary indulgences from the Church .", "Some were hoping for a mass ascension into heaven at Jerusalem or God 's forgiveness for all their sins .", "Others participated to satisfy feudal obligations , obtain glory and honour or to seek economic and political gain ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor, Alexios I, who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia. Urban's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1095 , Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont .", "He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia .", "Urban 's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish himself as head of the unified Church ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Crusade was to support the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia, to guarantee pilgrims access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites that were under Muslim control, and to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish Pope Urban II, who called for the first crusade, as head of the unified Church .", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1095 , Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont .", "He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia .", "One of Urban 's aims was to guarantee pilgrims access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites that were under Muslim control but scholars disagree as to whether this was the primary motive for Urban or those who heeded his call .", "Urban 's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish himself as head of the unified Church ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Artemis", "text": "Artemis played quite a large part in this war . Like her mother and brother , who was widely worshipped at Troy , Artemis took the side of the Trojans . At the Greek 's journey to Troy , Artemis becalmed the sea and stopped the journey until an oracle came and said they could win the goddess ' heart by sacrificing Iphigenia , Agamemnon 's daughter . Agamemnon once promised the goddess he would sacrifice the dearest thing to him , which was Iphigenia , but broke that promise . Other sources said he boasted about his hunting ability and provoked the goddess ' anger . Artemis saved Iphigenia because of her bravery . In some versions of the myth , Artemis made Iphigenia her attendant or turned her into Hecate , goddess of night , witchcraft , and the underworld . ", "sentences": [ "Artemis played quite a large part in this war .", "Like her mother and brother , who was widely worshipped at Troy , Artemis took the side of the Trojans .", "At the Greek 's journey to Troy , Artemis becalmed the sea and stopped the journey until an oracle came and said they could win the goddess ' heart by sacrificing Iphigenia , Agamemnon 's daughter .", "Agamemnon once promised the goddess he would sacrifice the dearest thing to him , which was Iphigenia , but broke that promise .", "Other sources said he boasted about his hunting ability and provoked the goddess ' anger .", "Artemis saved Iphigenia because of her bravery .", "In some versions of the myth , Artemis made Iphigenia her attendant or turned her into Hecate , goddess of night , witchcraft , and the underworld ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Artemis played quite a large part in this war. Artemis took the side of the Trojans. Artemis becalmed the sea and stopped the journey until an oracle came and said they could win the goddess' heart by sacrificing Iphigenia. Artemis saved Iphigenia.", "selected_sentences": [ "Artemis played quite a large part in this war .", "Like her mother and brother , who was widely worshipped at Troy , Artemis took the side of the Trojans .", "At the Greek 's journey to Troy , Artemis becalmed the sea and stopped the journey until an oracle came and said they could win the goddess ' heart by sacrificing Iphigenia , Agamemnon 's daughter .", "Artemis saved Iphigenia because of her bravery ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "National colours of Australia", "text": "The first Australian national sporting team to wear green and gold was the Australian cricket team that toured England in 1899 . Their clothes were the traditional white , but the captain Joe Darling arranged for green and gold caps and blazers to be worn for the opening match of the Ashes series . Previously , the team had had no uniform cap or blazer colours but wore an assortment of club or state colours . The Australian cricket team continued to use the colours thereafter , and in 1908 the colours were ratified as the official team colours for future Australian cricket teams . During subsequent discussions by members of the New South Wales Cricket Association , the colours were reportedly referred to as `` gum - tree green '' and `` wattle - gold '' . ", "sentences": [ "The first Australian national sporting team to wear green and gold was the Australian cricket team that toured England in 1899 .", "Their clothes were the traditional white , but the captain Joe Darling arranged for green and gold caps and blazers to be worn for the opening match of the Ashes series .", "Previously , the team had had no uniform cap or blazer colours but wore an assortment of club or state colours .", "The Australian cricket team continued to use the colours thereafter , and in 1908 the colours were ratified as the official team colours for future Australian cricket teams .", "During subsequent discussions by members of the New South Wales Cricket Association , the colours were reportedly referred to as `` gum - tree green '' and `` wattle - gold '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The clothes of the Australian cricket team were the traditional white, but the captain Joe Darling arranged for green and gold caps and blazers to be worn for the opening match of the Ashes series. The Australian cricket team continued to use the colours thereafter, and in 1908 the colours were confirmed as the official team colours for future Australian cricket teams .", "selected_sentences": [ "Their clothes were the traditional white , but the captain Joe Darling arranged for green and gold caps and blazers to be worn for the opening match of the Ashes series .", "The Australian cricket team continued to use the colours thereafter , and in 1908 the colours were ratified as the official team colours for future Australian cricket teams ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "New Testament", "text": "The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation , also known as the Apocalypse of John . In the New Testament canon , it is considered prophetical or apocalyptic literature . Its authorship has been attributed either to John the Apostle ( in which case it is often thought that John the Apostle is John the Evangelist , i.e. author of the Gospel of John ) or to another John designated `` John of Patmos '' after the island where the text says the revelation was received ( 1 : 9 ) . Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81 -- 96 AD , and others at around 68 AD . The work opens with letters to seven churches and thereafter takes the form of an apocalypse , a literary genre popular in ancient Judaism and Christianity . ", "sentences": [ "The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation , also known as the Apocalypse of John .", "In the New Testament canon , it is considered prophetical or apocalyptic literature .", "Its authorship has been attributed either to John the Apostle ( in which case it is often thought that John the Apostle is John the Evangelist , i.e. author of the Gospel of John ) or to another John designated `` John of Patmos '' after the island where the text says the revelation was received ( 1 : 9 ) .", "Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81 -- 96 AD , and others at around 68 AD .", "The work opens with letters to seven churches and thereafter takes the form of an apocalypse , a literary genre popular in ancient Judaism and Christianity ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation , also known as the Apocalypse of John . Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81 -- 96 AD , and others at around 68 AD .", "selected_sentences": [ "The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation , also known as the Apocalypse of John .", "Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81 -- 96 AD , and others at around 68 AD ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Peru at the FIFA World Cup", "text": "Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970 , finishing in seventh place . Peru again finished in the top eight at the World Cup in Argentina 1978 . They finished first in their group during the first round of the tournament , but were eliminated after losing all their games in the second round . Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982 , although the team was eliminated in the first round after 2 draws and 1 loss . From 1986 to 2014 , Peru did not advance past the CONMEBOL qualifying round . ", "sentences": [ "Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970 , finishing in seventh place .", "Peru again finished in the top eight at the World Cup in Argentina 1978 .", "They finished first in their group during the first round of the tournament , but were eliminated after losing all their games in the second round .", "Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982 , although the team was eliminated in the first round after 2 draws and 1 loss .", "From 1986 to 2014 , Peru did not advance past the CONMEBOL qualifying round ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970, finishing in seventh place. Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982, although the team was eliminated in the first round.", "selected_sentences": [ "Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970 , finishing in seventh place .", "Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982 , although the team was eliminated in the first round after 2 draws and 1 loss ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]