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[ { "title": "Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)", "text": "Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series Pretty Little Liars . She was officially introduced in the episode `` Till Death Do Us Part '' , revealed to be Spencer Hastings ' identical twin sister as well as the elusive `` A.D. '' . Alex believed the Liars knew who was accountable for Charlotte Drake 's homicide and also she impersonates Spencer due to being jealous of the upbringing that she was able to have . She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her , forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood . She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series . ", "sentences": [ "Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series Pretty Little Liars .", "She was officially introduced in the episode `` Till Death Do Us Part '' , revealed to be Spencer Hastings ' identical twin sister as well as the elusive `` A.D. '' .", "Alex believed the Liars knew who was accountable for Charlotte Drake 's homicide and also she impersonates Spencer due to being jealous of the upbringing that she was able to have .", "She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her , forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood .", "She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series Pretty Little Liars. She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her, forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood. She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series.", "selected_sentences": [ "Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series Pretty Little Liars .", "She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her , forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood .", "She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kim Jong-un", "text": "Kim Jong - un ( Chosŏn'gŭl : 김정은 ; Korean pronunciation : ( kim. dʑʌŋ. ɯn ) or ( kim ) ( tɕʌŋ. ɯn ) ; born 8 January 1982 -- 84 or 5 July 1984 ) is the Chairman of the Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) and supreme leader of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly referred to as North Korea . Kim is the second child of Kim Jong - il ( 1941 -- 2011 ) and Ko Yong - hui . Before taking power , Kim was rarely seen in public , and many of the activities of Kim and his government remain unknown . Even details such as what year he was born , and whether he did indeed attend a Western school under a pseudonym , are difficult to confirm . ", "sentences": [ "Kim Jong - un ( Chosŏn'gŭl : 김정은 ; Korean pronunciation : ( kim. dʑʌŋ.", "ɯn ) or ( kim ) ( tɕʌŋ.", "ɯn ) ; born 8 January 1982 -- 84 or 5 July 1984 ) is the Chairman of the Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) and supreme leader of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly referred to as North Korea .", "Kim is the second child of Kim Jong - il ( 1941 -- 2011 ) and Ko Yong - hui .", "Before taking power , Kim was rarely seen in public , and many of the activities of Kim and his government remain unknown .", "Even details such as what year he was born , and whether he did indeed attend a Western school under a pseudonym , are difficult to confirm ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Kim Jong - un (born 8 January 1982 -- 84 or 5 July 1984 ) is the supreme leader of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly referred to as North Korea .", "selected_sentences": [ "Kim Jong - un ( Chosŏn'gŭl : 김정은 ; Korean pronunciation : ( kim. dʑʌŋ.", "ɯn ) ; born 8 January 1982 -- 84 or 5 July 1984 ) is the Chairman of the Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) and supreme leader of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly referred to as North Korea ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lynyrd Skynyrd", "text": "In 1969 , Van Zant sought a new name . The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School . Skinner was notorious for strictly enforcing the school 's policy against boys having long hair . Rossington dropped out of school , tired of being hassled about his hair . The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 . Despite their high school acrimony , the band developed a friendlier relationship with Skinner in later years , and invited him to introduce them at a concert in the Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum . Skinner also allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album . ", "sentences": [ "In 1969 , Van Zant sought a new name .", "The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School .", "Skinner was notorious for strictly enforcing the school 's policy against boys having long hair .", "Rossington dropped out of school , tired of being hassled about his hair .", "The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 .", "Despite their high school acrimony , the band developed a friendlier relationship with Skinner in later years , and invited him to introduce them at a concert in the Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum .", "Skinner also allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd, a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School. The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970.", "selected_sentences": [ "The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School .", "The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "National Association of Manufacturers", "text": "NAM was founded by Thomas P. Egan , late President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and head of the J.A. Fay and Egan Co. , woodworking and machinery company , not long after reading an editorial in the magazine `` Dixie , '' out of Atlanta , Georgia , during the depression of 1894 . This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally . Under Egan 's leadership , organization began , and a group was created ; they called themselves the `` Big 50 '' ; he invited them , and asked them to invite others , to Cincinnati . On Jan 25 , 1895 , in the Oddfellows Temple , where 583 manufacturers attended , NAM was created . `` The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession and many of the nation 's manufacturers saw a strong need to export their products in other countries . One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' . The organization 's first president was Thomas Dolan of Philadelphia ( not , as erroneously listed in some sources , Samuel P. Bush ) . ", "sentences": [ "NAM was founded by Thomas P. Egan , late President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and head of the J.A. Fay and Egan Co. , woodworking and machinery company , not long after reading an editorial in the magazine `` Dixie , '' out of Atlanta , Georgia , during the depression of 1894 .", "This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally .", "Under Egan 's leadership , organization began , and a group was created ; they called themselves the `` Big 50 '' ; he invited them , and asked them to invite others , to Cincinnati .", "On Jan 25 , 1895 , in the Oddfellows Temple , where 583 manufacturers attended , NAM was created .", "`` The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession and many of the nation 's manufacturers saw a strong need to export their products in other countries .", "One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' .", "The organization 's first president was Thomas Dolan of Philadelphia ( not , as erroneously listed in some sources , Samuel P. Bush ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally .One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally .", "One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "An editorial in the magazine ``Dixie'' during the depression of 1894 urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally. Influenced by the article, NAM was founded. ``The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession and many of the nation's manufacturers saw a strong need to export their products in other countries. One of the NAM's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce''.", "selected_sentences": [ "NAM was founded by Thomas P. Egan , late President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and head of the J.A. Fay and Egan Co. , woodworking and machinery company , not long after reading an editorial in the magazine `` Dixie , '' out of Atlanta , Georgia , during the depression of 1894 .", "This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally .", "`` The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession and many of the nation 's manufacturers saw a strong need to export their products in other countries .", "One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "All-India Muslim League", "text": "The All - India Muslim League ( popularised as Muslim League ) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire . Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state , Pakistan , successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire . The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure . Sir Syed had founded , in 1886 , the Muhammadan Educational Conference , but a self - imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics . In December 1906 conference in Dhaka , attended by 3,000 delegates , the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party . Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim 's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims . It remained an elitist organisation until 1937 , when the leadership began mobilising the Muslim masses and the League then became a popular organisation . ", "sentences": [ "The All - India Muslim League ( popularised as Muslim League ) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire .", "Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state , Pakistan , successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire .", "The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure .", "Sir Syed had founded , in 1886 , the Muhammadan Educational Conference , but a self - imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics .", "In December 1906 conference in Dhaka , attended by 3,000 delegates , the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party .", "Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim 's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims .", "It remained an elitist organisation until 1937 , when the leadership began mobilising the Muslim masses and the League then became a popular organisation ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The All-India Muslim League (popularized as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure.", "selected_sentences": [ "The All - India Muslim League ( popularised as Muslim League ) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire .", "The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Israel (name)", "text": "Israel is a Biblical given name . The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel ( Hebrew : יִשְׂרָאֵל , Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl ) after he `` wrestled with the angel '' ( Genesis 32 : 28 and 35 : 10 ) . The given name is already attested in Eblaite ( 𒅖𒊏𒅋 , išrail ) and Ugaritic ( 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 , yšrʾil ) . Commentators differ on the original literal interpretation . The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah `` to rule , contend , have power , prevail over '' : שָׂרִיתָ עִם ־ אֱלֹהִים ( KJV : `` a prince hast thou power with God '' ) , but modern suggestions read the el as the subject , for a translation of `` El / God rules / judges / struggles '' , `` El fights / struggles '' . ", "sentences": [ "Israel is a Biblical given name .", "The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel ( Hebrew : יִשְׂרָאֵל , Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl ) after he `` wrestled with the angel '' ( Genesis 32 : 28 and 35 : 10 ) .", "The given name is already attested in Eblaite ( 𒅖𒊏𒅋 , išrail ) and Ugaritic ( 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 , yšrʾil ) .", "Commentators differ on the original literal interpretation .", "The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah `` to rule , contend , have power , prevail over '' : שָׂרִיתָ עִם ־ אֱלֹהִים ( KJV : `` a prince hast thou power with God '' ) , but modern suggestions read the el as the subject , for a translation of `` El / God rules / judges / struggles '' , `` El fights / struggles '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Israel is a Biblical given name. The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel after he ``wrestled with the angel'' (Genesis 32: 28 and 35: 10). The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah ``to rule, contend, have power, prevail over'': (KJV) `` a prince hast thou power with God'', but modern suggestions read the el as the subject, for a translation of ``God rules/judges/struggles/fights''.", "selected_sentences": [ "Israel is a Biblical given name .", "The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel ( Hebrew : יִשְׂרָאֵל , Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl ) after he `` wrestled with the angel '' ( Genesis 32 : 28 and 35 : 10 ) .", "The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah `` to rule , contend , have power , prevail over '' : שָׂרִיתָ עִם ־ אֱלֹהִים ( KJV : `` a prince hast thou power with God '' ) , but modern suggestions read the el as the subject , for a translation of `` El / God rules / judges / struggles '' , `` El fights / struggles '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Afghanistan", "text": "Afghanistan ( / æfˈɡænɪstæn / ( listen ) ; Pashto / Dari : افغانستان ‎ , Pashto : Afġānistān ( avɣɒnisˈtɒn , abɣɒnisˈtɒn ) , Dari : Afġānestān ( avɣɒnesˈtɒn ) ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia . The country has a population of 35 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world . Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast - it also borders Gilgit - Baltistan in this region which is claimed by India . Its territory covers 652,000 square kilometers ( 252,000 sq mi ) , making it the 41st largest country in the world . ", "sentences": [ "Afghanistan ( / æfˈɡænɪstæn / ( listen ) ;", "Pashto / Dari : افغانستان ‎ , Pashto : Afġānistān ( avɣɒnisˈtɒn , abɣɒnisˈtɒn ) , Dari : Afġānestān ( avɣɒnesˈtɒn ) ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia .", "The country has a population of 35 million , making it the 42nd most populous country in the world .", "Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast - it also borders Gilgit - Baltistan in this region which is claimed by India .", "Its territory covers 652,000 square kilometers ( 252,000 sq mi ) , making it the 41st largest country in the world ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Afghanistan is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast - it also borders Gilgit - Baltistan in this region which is claimed by India.", "selected_sentences": [ "Afghanistan ( / æfˈɡænɪstæn / ( listen ) ;", "Pashto / Dari : افغانستان ‎ , Pashto : Afġānistān ( avɣɒnisˈtɒn , abɣɒnisˈtɒn ) , Dari : Afġānestān ( avɣɒnesˈtɒn ) ) , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan , is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia .", "Afghanistan is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east ; Iran in the west ; Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , and Tajikistan in the north ; and China in the far northeast - it also borders Gilgit - Baltistan in this region which is claimed by India ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Ring a Ring o' Roses", "text": "The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation . In 1898 , A Dictionary of British Folklore contained the belief that an explanation of the game was of pagan origin , based on the Sheffield Glossary comparison of Jacob Grimm 's Deutsche Mythologie . The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states , `` Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses , as Freyja wept gold . '' Believing the first instance to be indicative of Pagan beings of light . Another suggestion is more literal , that it was making a `` ring '' around the roses and bowing with the all `` fall down '' as a curtsy . In 1892 , the American writer , Eugene Field wrote a poem titled Teeny - Weeny that specifically referred to fey folk playing ring - a-rosie . According to Games and Songs of American Children , published in 1883 , the `` rosie '' was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center . Variations , especially more literal ones , were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game - rhyme . Addy 's interpretation failed to account for the sneezing , which had not carried over to the United States and was losing ground in Britain , as another instance of the Pagan influence . Again in 1898 , sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures . ", "sentences": [ "The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation .", "In 1898 , A Dictionary of British Folklore contained the belief that an explanation of the game was of pagan origin , based on the Sheffield Glossary comparison of Jacob Grimm 's Deutsche Mythologie .", "The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states , `` Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses , as Freyja wept gold . ''", "Believing the first instance to be indicative of Pagan beings of light .", "Another suggestion is more literal , that it was making a `` ring '' around the roses and bowing with the all `` fall down '' as a curtsy .", "In 1892 , the American writer , Eugene Field wrote a poem titled Teeny - Weeny that specifically referred to fey folk playing ring - a-rosie .", "According to Games and Songs of American Children , published in 1883 , the `` rosie '' was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center .", "Variations , especially more literal ones , were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game - rhyme .", "Addy 's interpretation failed to account for the sneezing , which had not carried over to the United States and was losing ground in Britain , as another instance of the Pagan influence .", "Again in 1898 , sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation . The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states , `` Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses , as Freyja wept gold . '' Another suggestion is more literal , that it was making a `` ring '' around the roses and bowing with the all `` fall down '' as a curtsy .", "selected_sentences": [ "The origins and meanings of the game have long been unknown and subject to speculation .", "The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states , `` Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses , as Freyja wept gold . ''", "Another suggestion is more literal , that it was making a `` ring '' around the roses and bowing with the all `` fall down '' as a curtsy ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Blinded by the Light", "text": "Manfred Mann 's Earth Band 's recording of the song changes the lyrics . The most prominent change is in the chorus , where Springsteen 's `` cut loose like a deuce '' is replaced with `` revved up like a deuce . '' This is commonly misheard as `` wrapped up like a douche '' ( the V sound in `` revved '' is almost unpronounced , and the S sound in `` deuce '' comes across as `` SH '' due to a significant lisp ) . The lyric is actually a reference to a hot rod `` deuce coupe '' . Springsteen was fond of classic hot rods in his youth , hence the line `` revved up like a deuce , another runner in the night '' . Springsteen himself has joked about the controversy , claiming that it was not until Manfred Mann rewrote the song to be about a feminine hygiene product that it became popular . ", "sentences": [ "Manfred Mann 's Earth Band 's recording of the song changes the lyrics .", "The most prominent change is in the chorus , where Springsteen 's `` cut loose like a deuce '' is replaced with `` revved up like a deuce . ''", "This is commonly misheard as `` wrapped up like a douche ''", "( the V sound in `` revved '' is almost unpronounced , and the S sound in `` deuce '' comes across as `` SH '' due to a significant lisp ) .", "The lyric is actually a reference to a hot rod `` deuce coupe '' .", "Springsteen was fond of classic hot rods in his youth , hence the line `` revved up like a deuce , another runner in the night '' .", "Springsteen himself has joked about the controversy , claiming that it was not until Manfred Mann rewrote the song to be about a feminine hygiene product that it became popular ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The most prominent change is in the chorus , where Springsteen 's `` cut loose like a deuce '' is replaced with `` revved up like a deuce . '' This is commonly misheard as `` wrapped up like a douche. '' The lyric is actually a reference to a hot rod `` deuce coupe '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "The most prominent change is in the chorus , where Springsteen 's `` cut loose like a deuce '' is replaced with `` revved up like a deuce . ''", "This is commonly misheard as `` wrapped up like a douche ''", "The lyric is actually a reference to a hot rod `` deuce coupe '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Earth", "text": "The shape of Earth is approximately oblate spheroidal . Due to rotation , the Earth is flattened at the poles and bulging around the equator . The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) larger than the pole - to - pole diameter . Thus the point on the surface farthest from Earth 's center of mass is the summit of the equatorial Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador . The average diameter of the reference spheroid is 12,742 kilometres ( 7,918 mi ) . Local topography deviates from this idealized spheroid , although on a global scale these deviations are small compared to Earth 's radius : The maximum deviation of only 0.17 % is at the Mariana Trench ( 10,911 metres ( 35,797 ft ) below local sea level ) , whereas Mount Everest ( 8,848 metres ( 29,029 ft ) above local sea level ) represents a deviation of 0.14 % . ", "sentences": [ "The shape of Earth is approximately oblate spheroidal .", "Due to rotation , the Earth is flattened at the poles and bulging around the equator .", "The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) larger than the pole - to - pole diameter .", "Thus the point on the surface farthest from Earth 's center of mass is the summit of the equatorial Chimborazo volcano in Ecuador .", "The average diameter of the reference spheroid is 12,742 kilometres ( 7,918 mi ) .", "Local topography deviates from this idealized spheroid , although on a global scale these deviations are small compared to Earth 's radius :", "The maximum deviation of only 0.17 % is at the Mariana Trench ( 10,911 metres ( 35,797 ft ) below local sea level ) , whereas Mount Everest ( 8,848 metres ( 29,029 ft ) above local sea level ) represents a deviation of 0.14 % ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) larger than the pole-to-pole diameter.\r\n The average diameter of the reference spheroid is 12,742 kilometres ( 7,918 mi ).", "selected_sentences": [ "The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 43 kilometres ( 27 mi ) larger than the pole - to - pole diameter .", "The average diameter of the reference spheroid is 12,742 kilometres ( 7,918 mi ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "United States presidential election, 1800", "text": "The United States presidential election of 1800 was the fourth quadrennial presidential election . It was held from Friday , October 31 to Wednesday , December 3 , 1800 . In what is sometimes referred to as the `` Revolution of 1800 '' , Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams . The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic - Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System . It was a long , bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic - Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr and the incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney 's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists . The chief political issues revolved around the fallout from the French Revolution , including opposition to the tax imposed by Congress to pay for the mobilization of the new army and the navy in the Quasi-War against France in 1798 . The Alien and Sedition Acts , by which Federalists were trying to stifle dissent from Democratic - Republican newspaper editors , also proved to be highly controversial . ", "sentences": [ "The United States presidential election of 1800 was the fourth quadrennial presidential election .", "It was held from Friday , October 31 to Wednesday , December 3 , 1800 .", "In what is sometimes referred to as the `` Revolution of 1800 '' , Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams .", "The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic - Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System .", "It was a long , bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic - Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr and the incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney 's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists .", "The chief political issues revolved around the fallout from the French Revolution , including opposition to the tax imposed by Congress to pay for the mobilization of the new army and the navy in the Quasi-War against France in 1798 .", "The Alien and Sedition Acts , by which Federalists were trying to stifle dissent from Democratic - Republican newspaper editors , also proved to be highly controversial ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In what is sometimes referred to as the ``Revolution of 1800'', Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams. It was a long, bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic - Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr and the incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists.", "selected_sentences": [ "In what is sometimes referred to as the `` Revolution of 1800 '' , Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams .", "It was a long , bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic - Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr and the incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney 's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The election of 1800 was a re-match of the 1796 election between Jefferson and Aaron Burr and John Adams and Charles Pinckney.", "selected_sentences": [ "In what is sometimes referred to as the `` Revolution of 1800 '' , Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams .", "The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic - Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System .", "It was a long , bitter re-match of the 1796 election between the pro-French and pro-decentralization Democratic - Republicans under Jefferson and Aaron Burr and the incumbent Adams and Charles Pinckney 's pro-British and pro-centralization Federalists ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Worcester v. Georgia", "text": "Chief Justice John Marshall laid out in this opinion that the relationship between the Indian Nations and the United States is that of nations . He reasoned that the United States , in the character of the federal government , inherited the rights of Great Britain as they were held by that nation . Those rights , he stated , include the sole right to deal with the Indian nations in North America , to the exclusion of any other European power . This did not include the rights of possession to their land or political dominion over their laws . He acknowledged that the exercise of conquest and purchase can give political dominion , but those are in the hands of the federal government , and individual states had no authority in American Indian affairs . Georgia 's statute was therefore invalid . ", "sentences": [ "Chief Justice John Marshall laid out in this opinion that the relationship between the Indian Nations and the United States is that of nations .", "He reasoned that the United States , in the character of the federal government , inherited the rights of Great Britain as they were held by that nation .", "Those rights , he stated , include the sole right to deal with the Indian nations in North America , to the exclusion of any other European power .", "This did not include the rights of possession to their land or political dominion over their laws .", "He acknowledged that the exercise of conquest and purchase can give political dominion , but those are in the hands of the federal government , and individual states had no authority in American Indian affairs .", "Georgia 's statute was therefore invalid ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Chief Justice John Marshall acknowledged that the exercise of conquest and purchase can give political dominion, but those are in the hands of the federal government, and individual states had no authority in American Indian affairs. Georgia's statute was therefore invalid.", "selected_sentences": [ "Chief Justice John Marshall laid out in this opinion that the relationship between the Indian Nations and the United States is that of nations .", "He acknowledged that the exercise of conquest and purchase can give political dominion , but those are in the hands of the federal government , and individual states had no authority in American Indian affairs .", "Georgia 's statute was therefore invalid ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Musical theatre", "text": "The show 's creativity stimulated Rodgers and Hammerstein 's contemporaries and ushered in the `` Golden Age '' of American musical theatre . Americana was displayed on Broadway during the `` Golden Age '' , as the wartime cycle of shows began to arrive . An example of this is On the Town ( 1944 ) , written by Betty Comden and Adolph Green , composed by Leonard Bernstein and choreographed by Jerome Robbins . The story is set during wartime and concerns three sailors who are on a 24 - hour shore leave in New York City , during which each falls in love . The show also gives the impression of a country with an uncertain future , as the sailors and their women also have . Irving Berlin used sharpshooter Annie Oakley 's career as a basis for his Annie Get Your Gun ( 1946 , 1,147 performances ) ; Burton Lane , E.Y. Harburg , and Fred Saidy combined political satire with Irish whimsy for their fantasy Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 , 725 performances ) ; and Cole Porter found inspiration in William Shakespeare 's Taming of the Shrew for Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 , 1,077 performances ) . The American musicals overwhelmed the old - fashioned British Coward / Novello - style shows , one of the last big successes of which was Novello 's Perchance to Dream ( 1945 , 1,021 performances ) . The formula for the Golden Age musicals reflected one or more of four widely held perceptions of the `` American dream '' : That stability and worth derives from a love relationship sanctioned and restricted by Protestant ideals of marriage ; that a married couple should make a moral home with children away from the city in a suburb or small town ; that the woman 's function was as homemaker and mother ; and that Americans incorporate an independent and pioneering spirit or that their success is self - made . 1950s ", "sentences": [ "The show 's creativity stimulated Rodgers and Hammerstein 's contemporaries and ushered in the `` Golden Age '' of American musical theatre .", "Americana was displayed on Broadway during the `` Golden Age '' , as the wartime cycle of shows began to arrive .", "An example of this is On the Town ( 1944 ) , written by Betty Comden and Adolph Green , composed by Leonard Bernstein and choreographed by Jerome Robbins .", "The story is set during wartime and concerns three sailors who are on a 24 - hour shore leave in New York City , during which each falls in love .", "The show also gives the impression of a country with an uncertain future , as the sailors and their women also have .", "Irving Berlin used sharpshooter Annie Oakley 's career as a basis for his Annie Get Your Gun ( 1946 , 1,147 performances ) ; Burton Lane , E.Y. Harburg , and Fred Saidy combined political satire with Irish whimsy for their fantasy Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 , 725 performances ) ; and Cole Porter found inspiration in William Shakespeare 's Taming of the Shrew for Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 , 1,077 performances ) .", "The American musicals overwhelmed the old - fashioned British Coward / Novello - style shows , one of the last big successes of which was Novello 's Perchance to Dream ( 1945 , 1,021 performances ) .", "The formula for the Golden Age musicals reflected one or more of four widely held perceptions of the `` American dream '' : That stability and worth derives from a love relationship sanctioned and restricted by Protestant ideals of marriage ; that a married couple should make a moral home with children away from the city in a suburb or small town ; that the woman 's function was as homemaker and mother ; and that Americans incorporate an independent and pioneering spirit or that their success is self - made . 1950s" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "An example of the ``Golden Age'' of American musical theatre is On the Town in 1944, Annie Get Your Gun in 1946 and Kiss Me, Kate 1948.", "selected_sentences": [ "The show 's creativity stimulated Rodgers and Hammerstein 's contemporaries and ushered in the `` Golden Age '' of American musical theatre .", "An example of this is On the Town ( 1944 ) , written by Betty Comden and Adolph Green , composed by Leonard Bernstein and choreographed by Jerome Robbins ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lynyrd Skynyrd", "text": "In 1969 , Van Zant sought a new name . The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School . Skinner was notorious for strictly enforcing the school 's policy against boys having long hair . Rossington dropped out of school , tired of being hassled about his hair . The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 . Despite their high school acrimony , the band developed a friendlier relationship with Skinner in later years , and invited him to introduce them at a concert in the Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum . Skinner also allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album . ", "sentences": [ "In 1969 , Van Zant sought a new name .", "The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School .", "Skinner was notorious for strictly enforcing the school 's policy against boys having long hair .", "Rossington dropped out of school , tired of being hassled about his hair .", "The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 .", "Despite their high school acrimony , the band developed a friendlier relationship with Skinner in later years , and invited him to introduce them at a concert in the Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum .", "Skinner also allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd, a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School. The more distinctive spelling ``Lynyrd Skynyrd'' was being used at least as early as 1970.", "selected_sentences": [ "The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School .", "The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)", "text": "In the film , most of the real - life characters ' names have been changed from Belfort 's original memoir . Donnie Azoff is based on Danny Porush . The name was changed after Porush threatened to sue the filmmakers . Porush maintains that much of the film was fictional and that Donnie Azoff was not in fact an accurate depiction of him . The FBI agent known as Patrick Denham is the stand - in for real - life Gregory Coleman , and lawyer Manny Riskin is based on Ira Sorkin . Belfort 's first wife Denise Lombardo is renamed Teresa Petrillo , while second wife Nadine Caridi became Naomi Lapaglia on - screen . In contrast , Mark Hanna 's name remains the same as the LF Rothschild stockbroker who , like Belfort , was convicted of fraud and served time in prison . Belfort 's parents Max and Leah Belfort 's names remained the same for the film . The role of Aunt Emma was initially offered to Julie Andrews , who refused it as she was recovering from an ankle injury , and she was replaced by Joanna Lumley . ", "sentences": [ "In the film , most of the real - life characters ' names have been changed from Belfort 's original memoir .", "Donnie Azoff is based on Danny Porush .", "The name was changed after Porush threatened to sue the filmmakers .", "Porush maintains that much of the film was fictional and that Donnie Azoff was not in fact an accurate depiction of him .", "The FBI agent known as Patrick Denham is the stand - in for real - life Gregory Coleman , and lawyer Manny Riskin is based on Ira Sorkin .", "Belfort 's first wife Denise Lombardo is renamed Teresa Petrillo , while second wife Nadine Caridi became Naomi Lapaglia on - screen .", "In contrast , Mark Hanna 's name remains the same as the LF Rothschild stockbroker who , like Belfort , was convicted of fraud and served time in prison .", "Belfort 's parents Max and Leah Belfort 's names remained the same for the film .", "The role of Aunt Emma was initially offered to Julie Andrews , who refused it as she was recovering from an ankle injury , and she was replaced by Joanna Lumley ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Donnie Azoff is based on Danny Porush . The FBI agent known as Patrick Denham is the stand - in for real - life Gregory Coleman , and lawyer Manny Riskin is based on Ira Sorkin .", "selected_sentences": [ "Donnie Azoff is based on Danny Porush .", "The FBI agent known as Patrick Denham is the stand - in for real - life Gregory Coleman , and lawyer Manny Riskin is based on Ira Sorkin ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Finances of the British royal family", "text": "The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources . The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures . This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences , staffing , travel and state visits , public engagements , and official entertainment . Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments . The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer 's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign 's financial affairs . ", "sentences": [ "The finances of the British royal family come from a number of sources .", "The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures .", "This includes the costs of the upkeep of the various royal residences , staffing , travel and state visits , public engagements , and official entertainment .", "Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments .", "The Keeper of the Privy Purse is Head of the Privy Purse and Treasurer 's Office and has overall responsibility for the management of the sovereign 's financial affairs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures . Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments .", "selected_sentences": [ "The UK Parliament supports the monarch and other members of the royal household financially by means of the Sovereign Grant , a percentage of the annual profits of the Crown Estate which is intended to meet the costs of the sovereign 's official expenditures .", "Other sources of income include revenues from the Duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall , a parliamentary annuity , and income from private investments ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kenya", "text": "Kenya ( / ˈkɛnjə / ; locally ( ˈkɛɲa ) ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya , is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community ( EAC ) . Its capital and largest city is Nairobi . Kenya 's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana ( formerly called Lake Rudolf ) and further south - east to the Indian Ocean . It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest , Uganda to the west , South Sudan to the north - west , Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north - east . Kenya covers 581,309 km ( 224,445 sq mi ) , and had a population of approximately 48 million people in January 2017 . ", "sentences": [ "Kenya ( / ˈkɛnjə / ; locally ( ˈkɛɲa ) ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya , is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community ( EAC ) .", "Its capital and largest city is Nairobi .", "Kenya 's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana ( formerly called Lake Rudolf ) and further south - east to the Indian Ocean .", "It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest , Uganda to the west , South Sudan to the north - west , Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north - east .", "Kenya covers 581,309 km ( 224,445 sq mi ) , and had a population of approximately 48 million people in January 2017 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Kenya is a country in Africa. Its territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana ( formerly called Lake Rudolf ) and further south - east to the Indian Ocean . It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest , Uganda to the west , South Sudan to the north - west , Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north - east .", "selected_sentences": [ "Kenya ( / ˈkɛnjə / ; locally ( ˈkɛɲa ) ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya , is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community ( EAC ) .", "Kenya 's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana ( formerly called Lake Rudolf ) and further south - east to the Indian Ocean .", "It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest , Uganda to the west , South Sudan to the north - west , Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north - east ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "La Mer (song)", "text": "The French original is featured prominently in a variety of films , including L.A. Story , in which it is played during the opening montage ; French Kiss ( 1995 ) , in which it is sung by lead actor Kevin Kline and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , which uses a recording of Trenet himself in its final scene . It also is played in the last episode of White Collar ( TV series ) named Aú Revoir started on a record player by Mozzie and then it plays over Neal Caffrey cracking a safe and Neal Caffrey walking through the streets of Paris . The song is sung in the French documentary film Blood of the Beasts ( 1949 ) . Julio Iglesias ' 1976 live recording is used instead of dialogue and other sounds ( including a gun shot ) during the last three and a half minutes of the 2011 British spy - film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy , directed by Tomas Alfredson . The film and the song both end in the same moment ( credit credentials aside ) . It is performed in the film A Life Less Ordinary ( 1997 ) by Ewan McGregor and Cameron Diaz . The Trenet recording is heard over the end credits of an episode of The Simpsons titled `` The Squirt and the Whale '' . ", "sentences": [ "The French original is featured prominently in a variety of films , including L.A. Story , in which it is played during the opening montage ; French Kiss ( 1995 ) , in which it is sung by lead actor Kevin Kline and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , which uses a recording of Trenet himself in its final scene .", "It also is played in the last episode of White Collar ( TV series ) named Aú Revoir started on a record player by Mozzie and then it plays over Neal Caffrey cracking a safe and Neal Caffrey walking through the streets of Paris .", "The song is sung in the French documentary film Blood of the Beasts ( 1949 ) .", "Julio Iglesias ' 1976 live recording is used instead of dialogue and other sounds ( including a gun shot ) during the last three and a half minutes of the 2011 British spy - film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy , directed by Tomas Alfredson .", "The film and the song both end in the same moment ( credit credentials aside ) .", "It is performed in the film A Life Less Ordinary ( 1997 ) by Ewan McGregor and Cameron Diaz .", "The Trenet recording is heard over the end credits of an episode of The Simpsons titled `` The Squirt and the Whale '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The French original song La Mer is featured prominently in a variety of films. Julio Iglesias' 1976 live recording is used instead of dialogue and other sounds (including a gunshot) during the last three and a half minutes of the 2011 British spy - film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy.", "selected_sentences": [ "The French original is featured prominently in a variety of films , including L.A. Story , in which it is played during the opening montage ; French Kiss ( 1995 ) , in which it is sung by lead actor Kevin Kline and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , which uses a recording of Trenet himself in its final scene .", "Julio Iglesias ' 1976 live recording is used instead of dialogue and other sounds ( including a gun shot ) during the last three and a half minutes of the 2011 British spy - film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy , directed by Tomas Alfredson ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The French original song La Mer is featured prominently in a variety of films, including the British spy - film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy.", "selected_sentences": [ "The French original is featured prominently in a variety of films , including L.A. Story , in which it is played during the opening montage ; French Kiss ( 1995 ) , in which it is sung by lead actor Kevin Kline and Mr. Bean 's Holiday , which uses a recording of Trenet himself in its final scene .", "Julio Iglesias ' 1976 live recording is used instead of dialogue and other sounds ( including a gun shot ) during the last three and a half minutes of the 2011 British spy - film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy , directed by Tomas Alfredson ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Nosebleed", "text": "The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior ( front ) part of the nose from the nasal septum . This area is richly endowed with blood vessels ( Kiesselbach 's plexus ) . This region is also known as Little 's area . Bleeding farther back in the nose is known as a posterior bleed and is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff 's plexus , a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus . Posterior bleeds are often prolonged and difficult to control . They can be associated with bleeding from both nostrils and with a greater flow of blood into the mouth . ", "sentences": [ "The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior ( front ) part of the nose from the nasal septum .", "This area is richly endowed with blood vessels ( Kiesselbach 's plexus ) .", "This region is also known as Little 's area .", "Bleeding farther back in the nose is known as a posterior bleed and is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff 's plexus , a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus .", "Posterior bleeds are often prolonged and difficult to control .", "They can be associated with bleeding from both nostrils and with a greater flow of blood into the mouth ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior ( front ) part of the nose from the nasal septum . This area is richly endowed with blood vessels ( Kiesselbach 's plexus ) .Bleeding farther back in the nose is known as a posterior bleed and is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff 's plexus , a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus .", "selected_sentences": [ "The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior ( front ) part of the nose from the nasal septum .", "This area is richly endowed with blood vessels ( Kiesselbach 's plexus ) .", "Bleeding farther back in the nose is known as a posterior bleed and is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff 's plexus , a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Kumari (goddess)", "text": "A Kumari is generally chosen for one day and worshipped accordingly on certain festivals like Navaratri or Durga Puja . In Kathmandu Valley this is a particularly prevalent practice . A Kumari is believed to be the incarnation of Taleju . When her first menstruation begins , it is believed that the goddess vacates her body . Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury are also causes for loss of deity . ", "sentences": [ "A Kumari is generally chosen for one day and worshipped accordingly on certain festivals like Navaratri or Durga Puja .", "In Kathmandu Valley this is a particularly prevalent practice .", "A Kumari is believed to be the incarnation of Taleju .", "When her first menstruation begins , it is believed that the goddess vacates her body .", "Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury are also causes for loss of deity ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A Kumari is generally chosen for one day and worshipped accordingly on certain festivals like Navaratri or Durga Puja.\r\nWhen her first menstruation begins, it is believed that the goddess vacates her body.", "selected_sentences": [ "A Kumari is generally chosen for one day and worshipped accordingly on certain festivals like Navaratri or Durga Puja .", "When her first menstruation begins , it is believed that the goddess vacates her body ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "West Side Story", "text": "After tryouts in Washington , D.C. and Philadelphia beginning in August 1957 , the original Broadway production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 26 , 1957 to positive reviews . The production was directed and choreographed by Jerome Robbins , produced by Robert E. Griffith and Harold Prince with lighting designed by Jean Rosenthal . The cast starred Larry Kert as Tony , Carol Lawrence as Maria , Chita Rivera as Anita and David Winters as Baby John . The other notable cast members in the original production were : Riff : Michael Callan , A-Rab : Tony Mordente , Big Deal : Martin Charnin , Gee - Tar : Tommy Abbott , Chino : Jamie Sanchez , Rosalia : Marilyn Cooper , Consuela ( sic ) : Reri Grist and Doc : Art Smith . The production closed on June 27 , 1959 , after 732 performances . Robbins won the Tony Award for Best Choreographer , and Oliver Smith won the Tony for Best Scenic Designer . Also nominated were Carol Lawrence , as Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical , Max Goberman as Best Musical Director and Conductor , and Irene Sharaff for Best Costume Design . Carol Lawrence received the 1958 Theatre World Award . ", "sentences": [ "After tryouts in Washington , D.C. and Philadelphia beginning in August 1957 , the original Broadway production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 26 , 1957 to positive reviews .", "The production was directed and choreographed by Jerome Robbins , produced by Robert E. Griffith and Harold Prince with lighting designed by Jean Rosenthal .", "The cast starred Larry Kert as Tony , Carol Lawrence as Maria , Chita Rivera as Anita and David Winters as Baby John .", "The other notable cast members in the original production were : Riff : Michael Callan , A-Rab : Tony Mordente , Big Deal : Martin Charnin , Gee - Tar : Tommy Abbott , Chino : Jamie Sanchez , Rosalia : Marilyn Cooper , Consuela ( sic ) : Reri Grist and Doc : Art Smith .", "The production closed on June 27 , 1959 , after 732 performances .", "Robbins won the Tony Award for Best Choreographer , and Oliver Smith won the Tony for Best Scenic Designer .", "Also nominated were Carol Lawrence , as Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical , Max Goberman as Best Musical Director and Conductor , and Irene Sharaff for Best Costume Design .", "Carol Lawrence received the 1958 Theatre World Award ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "After tryouts in Washington , D.C. and Philadelphia beginning in August 1957 , the original Broadway production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 26 , 1957 to positive reviews . The production closed on June 27 , 1959 , after 732 performances .", "selected_sentences": [ "After tryouts in Washington , D.C. and Philadelphia beginning in August 1957 , the original Broadway production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 26 , 1957 to positive reviews .", "The production closed on June 27 , 1959 , after 732 performances ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Broadway production opened on September 26 , 1957 and closed on June 27 , 1959.", "selected_sentences": [ "After tryouts in Washington , D.C. and Philadelphia beginning in August 1957 , the original Broadway production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 26 , 1957 to positive reviews .", "The production closed on June 27 , 1959 , after 732 performances ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Justify (horse)", "text": "Justify was sold at the 2016 Keeneland September Yearling Sales for $500,000 to a recently formed partnership between WinStar Farm ( 60 % ownership ) , China Horse Club ( 25 % ) and SF Racing ( 15 % ) , the latter run by employees of George Soros 's investment firm . David Hanley , general manager of WinStar , said that Justify stood out at the sales . `` He was a beautiful yearling -- had great balance and leg , great shoulder , and lovely length and neck , and power , '' he said . `` For a big horse , he was very light on his feet , with good action and good energy . '' In early March 2018 , SF Racing sold a share to Starlight Racing , then Sol Kumin 's Head of Plains partners also bought a share in late March . ", "sentences": [ "Justify was sold at the 2016 Keeneland September Yearling Sales for $500,000 to a recently formed partnership between WinStar Farm ( 60 % ownership ) , China Horse Club ( 25 % ) and SF Racing ( 15 % ) , the latter run by employees of George Soros 's investment firm .", "David Hanley , general manager of WinStar , said that Justify stood out at the sales .", "`` He was a beautiful yearling -- had great balance and leg , great shoulder , and lovely length and neck , and power , '' he said .", "`` For a big horse , he was very light on his feet , with good action and good energy . ''", "In early March 2018 , SF Racing sold a share to Starlight Racing , then Sol Kumin 's Head of Plains partners also bought a share in late March ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Justify was sold to a recently formed partnership between WinStar Farm (60 % ownership), China Horse Club (25 %) and SF Racing (15 %). In early March 2018, SF Racing sold a share to Starlight Racing, then Sol Kumin's Head of Plains partners also bought a share in late March.", "selected_sentences": [ "Justify was sold at the 2016 Keeneland September Yearling Sales for $500,000 to a recently formed partnership between WinStar Farm ( 60 % ownership ) , China Horse Club ( 25 % ) and SF Racing ( 15 % ) , the latter run by employees of George Soros 's investment firm .", "In early March 2018 , SF Racing sold a share to Starlight Racing , then Sol Kumin 's Head of Plains partners also bought a share in late March ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gemini (astrology)", "text": "Astrologers believe Geminis have a volatile temperament , that their strength however is their versatility , and that their versatility allows them to learn a little about everything and develop skills in many areas . Geminis are considered to hold mysteriously unique artistic and creative abilities unlike other signs . Often considered to be very intelligent individuals , they have a wide appreciation for the arts , philosophy , history and the natural sciences . They do not like boring people or routine procedures and therefore struggle to deal with authoritative figures . They are enlightened to talk about any subject which they find interesting and where they can stimulate their naturally intellectual personalities . Geminis are noted to be drastic and hasty yet very responsible and disciplined . They are considered to be the most misunderstood of all signs due to their dual personality expressed by the twins of their sign . Because of this , do n't be surprised to often find Geminis in different moods and therefore mood swings can occur often for Geminis because of their high degree of mental processing and thinking . This makes them quite philosophical people . Geminis are sensitive as well but use their high intelligence to counter anything that upsets them . Geminis usually get along very well with Leos , Aries and Sagittariuses . They do not see eye to eye with Pisces , Cancers , Virgos and Scorpios . Gemini are best suited for people of Aquarius and Libra signs but also go well with Capricorns , and Taurus signs . ", "sentences": [ "Astrologers believe Geminis have a volatile temperament , that their strength however is their versatility , and that their versatility allows them to learn a little about everything and develop skills in many areas .", "Geminis are considered to hold mysteriously unique artistic and creative abilities unlike other signs .", "Often considered to be very intelligent individuals , they have a wide appreciation for the arts , philosophy , history and the natural sciences .", "They do not like boring people or routine procedures and therefore struggle to deal with authoritative figures .", "They are enlightened to talk about any subject which they find interesting and where they can stimulate their naturally intellectual personalities .", "Geminis are noted to be drastic and hasty yet very responsible and disciplined .", "They are considered to be the most misunderstood of all signs due to their dual personality expressed by the twins of their sign .", "Because of this , do n't be surprised to often find Geminis in different moods and therefore mood swings can occur often for Geminis because of their high degree of mental processing and thinking .", "This makes them quite philosophical people .", "Geminis are sensitive as well but use their high intelligence to counter anything that upsets them .", "Geminis usually get along very well with Leos , Aries and Sagittariuses .", "They do not see eye to eye with Pisces , Cancers , Virgos and Scorpios .", "Gemini are best suited for people of Aquarius and Libra signs but also go well with Capricorns , and Taurus signs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Geminis have a volatile temperament, that their strength however is their versatility, and that their versatility allows them to learn a little about everything and develop skills in many areas. Geminis are considered to hold mysteriously unique artistic and creative abilities unlike other signs. Often considered to be very intelligent individuals, they have a wide appreciation for the arts, philosophy, history and the natural sciences. Geminis are noted to be drastic and hasty yet very responsible and disciplined. Because of this, mood swings can occur often for Geminis.", "selected_sentences": [ "Astrologers believe Geminis have a volatile temperament , that their strength however is their versatility , and that their versatility allows them to learn a little about everything and develop skills in many areas .", "Geminis are considered to hold mysteriously unique artistic and creative abilities unlike other signs .", "Often considered to be very intelligent individuals , they have a wide appreciation for the arts , philosophy , history and the natural sciences .", "Geminis are noted to be drastic and hasty yet very responsible and disciplined .", "Because of this , do n't be surprised to often find Geminis in different moods and therefore mood swings can occur often for Geminis because of their high degree of mental processing and thinking ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Andrew Carnegie", "text": "Carnegie was born in Dunfermline , Scotland , and immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848 . Carnegie started work as a telegrapher , and by the 1860s had investments in railroads , railroad sleeping cars , bridges , and oil derricks . He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman , raising money for American enterprise in Europe . He built Pittsburgh 's Carnegie Steel Company , which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $480 million . It became the U.S. Steel Corporation . After selling Carnegie Steel , he surpassed John D. Rockefeller as the richest American for the next couple of years . ", "sentences": [ "Carnegie was born in Dunfermline , Scotland , and immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848 .", "Carnegie started work as a telegrapher , and by the 1860s had investments in railroads , railroad sleeping cars , bridges , and oil derricks .", "He accumulated further wealth as a bond salesman , raising money for American enterprise in Europe .", "He built Pittsburgh 's Carnegie Steel Company , which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $480 million .", "It became the U.S. Steel Corporation .", "After selling Carnegie Steel , he surpassed John D. Rockefeller as the richest American for the next couple of years ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $480 million.", "selected_sentences": [ "Carnegie was born in Dunfermline , Scotland , and immigrated to the United States with his parents in 1848 .", "He built Pittsburgh 's Carnegie Steel Company , which he sold to J.P. Morgan in 1901 for $480 million ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone) (song)", "text": "`` Would You Lay with Me ( In a Field of Stone ) '' is a song written by David Allan Coe , and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker . It was released in December 1973 as the first single and title track from the album Would You Lay with Me ( In a Field of Stone ) . It topped the U.S. country chart on March 30 , 1974 , for one week and was Tucker 's third number - one song on the chart . On the Billboard Hot 100 , the song peaked at number 46 . Only her 1975 number - one country hit , `` Lizzie and the Rainman '' , performed better on the pop chart . Coe later recorded the song as the b - side to his 1975 single `` You Never Even Called Me by My Name . '' In 1975 , a version by veteran Australian singer Judy Stone reached into the top 5 of the Australian pop charts . Willie Nelson recorded the song on his 1983 album , Take It to the Limit . In 2000 , Johnny Cash covered the song on his album , American III : Solitary Man . ", "sentences": [ "`` Would You Lay with Me ( In a Field of Stone ) ''", "is a song written by David Allan Coe , and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker .", "It was released in December 1973 as the first single and title track from the album Would You Lay with Me ( In a Field of Stone ) .", "It topped the U.S. country chart on March 30 , 1974 , for one week and was Tucker 's third number - one song on the chart .", "On the Billboard Hot 100 , the song peaked at number 46 .", "Only her 1975 number - one country hit , `` Lizzie and the Rainman '' , performed better on the pop chart .", "Coe later recorded the song as the b - side to his 1975 single `` You Never Even Called Me by My Name . ''", "In 1975 , a version by veteran Australian singer Judy Stone reached into the top 5 of the Australian pop charts .", "Willie Nelson recorded the song on his 1983 album , Take It to the Limit .", "In 2000 , Johnny Cash covered the song on his album , American III : Solitary Man ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "``Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)'' is a song recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. Later recorded by Coe, Judy Stone, Willie Nelson and Johnny Cash.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` Would You Lay with Me ( In a Field of Stone ) ''", "is a song written by David Allan Coe , and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker .", "Coe later recorded the song as the b - side to his 1975 single `` You Never Even Called Me by My Name . ''", "In 1975 , a version by veteran Australian singer Judy Stone reached into the top 5 of the Australian pop charts .", "Willie Nelson recorded the song on his 1983 album , Take It to the Limit .", "In 2000 , Johnny Cash covered the song on his album , American III : Solitary Man ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "``Would You Lay with Me (In a Field of Stone)'' is a song recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. Later, the song is recorded by Coe, Judy Stone, Willie Nelson and Johnny Cash.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` Would You Lay with Me ( In a Field of Stone ) ''", "is a song written by David Allan Coe , and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker .", "Coe later recorded the song as the b - side to his 1975 single `` You Never Even Called Me by My Name . ''", "In 1975 , a version by veteran Australian singer Judy Stone reached into the top 5 of the Australian pop charts .", "Willie Nelson recorded the song on his 1983 album , Take It to the Limit .", "In 2000 , Johnny Cash covered the song on his album , American III : Solitary Man ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gilded Age", "text": "The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth , especially in the North and West . As American wages were much higher than those in Europe , especially for skilled workers , the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants . The rapid expansion of industrialization led to real wage growth of 60 % between 1860 and 1890 , spread across the ever - increasing labor force . The average annual wage per industrial worker ( including men , women , and children ) rose from $380 in 1880 to $564 in 1890 , a gain of 48 % . However , the Gilded Age was also an era of abject poverty and inequality as millions of immigrants -- many from impoverished regions -- poured into the United States , and the high concentration of wealth became more visible and contentious . ", "sentences": [ "The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth , especially in the North and West .", "As American wages were much higher than those in Europe , especially for skilled workers , the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants .", "The rapid expansion of industrialization led to real wage growth of 60 % between 1860 and 1890 , spread across the ever - increasing labor force .", "The average annual wage per industrial worker ( including men , women , and children ) rose from $380 in 1880 to $564 in 1890 , a gain of 48 % .", "However , the Gilded Age was also an era of abject poverty and inequality as millions of immigrants -- many from impoverished regions -- poured into the United States , and the high concentration of wealth became more visible and contentious ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth. As American wages were much higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers, the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants. The Gilded Age was also an era of abject poverty and inequality as millions of immigrants - many from impoverished regions - poured into the United States.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth , especially in the North and West .", "As American wages were much higher than those in Europe , especially for skilled workers , the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants .", "However , the Gilded Age was also an era of abject poverty and inequality as millions of immigrants -- many from impoverished regions -- poured into the United States , and the high concentration of wealth became more visible and contentious ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "How Far I'll Go", "text": "`` How Far I 'll Go '' is a song from Disney 's 2016 animated feature film Moana . It was written and produced by Lin - Manuel Miranda . The song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i Cravalho in her role as Moana . Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack . The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 89th Academy Awards and Best Original Song at the 74th Golden Globe Awards but lost both to `` City of Stars '' from La La Land . ", "sentences": [ "`` How Far I 'll Go '' is a song from Disney 's 2016 animated feature film Moana .", "It was written and produced by Lin - Manuel Miranda .", "The song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i", "Cravalho in her role as Moana .", "Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack .", "The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 89th Academy Awards and Best Original Song at the 74th Golden Globe Awards but lost both to `` City of Stars '' from La La Land ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "`` How Far I 'll Go '' is a song from Disney 's 2016 animated feature film Moana .T he song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i Cravalho in her role as Moana. Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack .", "selected_sentences": [ "`` How Far I 'll Go '' is a song from Disney 's 2016 animated feature film Moana .", "The song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i", "Cravalho in her role as Moana .", "Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "`` How Far I 'll Go '' is a song from Disney's 2016 animated feature film Moana. The song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i Cravalho in her role as Moana. Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` How Far I 'll Go '' is a song from Disney 's 2016 animated feature film Moana .", "The song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i", "Cravalho in her role as Moana .", "Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bindi (decoration)", "text": "A bindi ( Hindi : बिंदी , from Sanskrit bindu , meaning `` point , drop , dot or small particle '' ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead , commonly by Hindu and Jain women . The word bindu dates back to the hymn of creation known as Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda . Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity . It is also described as `` the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state '' . A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in South Asia ( particularly amongst Hindus in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal , Bhutan and Sri Lanka ) and Southeast Asia among Balinese , Javanese , Malaysian , Singaporean and Burmese Hindus . A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in China and , like in South and Southeast Asia , represents the opening of the third eye . Bindi in Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra , and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra . Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created , representing the universe . The bindi has a historical and cultural presence in the region of Greater India . ", "sentences": [ "A bindi ( Hindi : बिंदी , from Sanskrit bindu , meaning `` point , drop , dot or small particle '' ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead , commonly by Hindu and Jain women .", "The word bindu dates back to the hymn of creation known as Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda .", "Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity .", "It is also described as `` the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state '' .", "A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in South Asia ( particularly amongst Hindus in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal , Bhutan and Sri Lanka ) and Southeast Asia among Balinese , Javanese , Malaysian , Singaporean and Burmese Hindus .", "A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in China and , like in South and Southeast Asia , represents the opening of the third eye .", "Bindi in Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra , and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra .", "Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created , representing the universe .", "The bindi has a historical and cultural presence in the region of Greater India ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A bindi (from Sanskrit bindu, meaning `` point, drop, dot or small particle \" ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead, commonly by Hindu and Jain women.\r\nBindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity.", "selected_sentences": [ "A bindi ( Hindi : बिंदी , from Sanskrit bindu , meaning `` point , drop , dot or small particle '' ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead , commonly by Hindu and Jain women .", "Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A bindi (from Sanskrit bindu, meaning `` point, drop, dot or small particle \" ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead, commonly by Hindu and Jain women. Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity. It is also described as `` the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state '' .", "selected_sentences": [ "A bindi ( Hindi : बिंदी , from Sanskrit bindu , meaning `` point , drop , dot or small particle '' ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead , commonly by Hindu and Jain women .", "Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity .", "It is also described as `` the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "They Call the Wind Maria", "text": "`` They Call the Wind Maria '' is an American popular song with lyrics written by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe for their 1951 Broadway musical , Paint Your Wagon , which is set in the California Gold Rush . Rufus Smith originally sang the song on Broadway , and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London 's West End . It quickly became a runaway hit , and during the Korean War , the song was among the `` popular music listened to by the troops '' . Vaughan Monroe and his Orchestra recorded the song in 1951 , and it was among the `` popular hit singles at the record stores '' that year . It has since become a standard , performed by many notable singers across several genres of popular music . A striking feature of the song in the original orchestration ( also used in many cover versions ) , is a driving , staccato rhythm , played on the string instruments , that evokes a sense of restless motion . ", "sentences": [ "`` They Call the Wind Maria '' is an American popular song with lyrics written by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe for their 1951 Broadway musical , Paint Your Wagon , which is set in the California Gold Rush .", "Rufus Smith originally sang the song on Broadway , and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London 's West End .", "It quickly became a runaway hit , and during the Korean War , the song was among the `` popular music listened to by the troops '' .", "Vaughan Monroe and his Orchestra recorded the song in 1951 , and it was among the `` popular hit singles at the record stores '' that year .", "It has since become a standard , performed by many notable singers across several genres of popular music .", "A striking feature of the song in the original orchestration ( also used in many cover versions ) , is a driving , staccato rhythm , played on the string instruments , that evokes a sense of restless motion ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Rufus Smith originally sang the song \"They Call the Wind Maria\" on Broadway, and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London's West End. It has since become a standard, performed by many notable singers across several genres of popular music.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` They Call the Wind Maria '' is an American popular song with lyrics written by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe for their 1951 Broadway musical , Paint Your Wagon , which is set in the California Gold Rush .", "Rufus Smith originally sang the song on Broadway , and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London 's West End .", "It has since become a standard , performed by many notable singers across several genres of popular music ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Binomial nomenclature", "text": "Binomial nomenclature ( also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature ) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages . Such a name is called a binomial name ( which may be shortened to just `` binomial '' ) , a binomen , binominal name or a scientific name ; more informally it is also called a Latin name . The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs ; the second part identifies the species within the genus . For example , humans belong to the genus Homo and within this genus to the species Homo sapiens . The formal introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus , effectively beginning with his work Species Plantarum in 1753 . But Gaspard Bauhin , in as early as 1623 , had introduced in his book Pinax theatri botanici ( English , Illustrated exposition of plants ) many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus . ", "sentences": [ "Binomial nomenclature ( also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature ) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages .", "Such a name is called a binomial name ( which may be shortened to just `` binomial '' ) , a binomen , binominal name or a scientific name ; more informally it is also called a Latin name .", "The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs ; the second part identifies the species within the genus .", "For example , humans belong to the genus Homo and within this genus to the species Homo sapiens .", "The formal introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus , effectively beginning with his work Species Plantarum in 1753 .", "But Gaspard Bauhin , in as early as 1623 , had introduced in his book Pinax theatri botanici ( English , Illustrated exposition of plants )", "many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus.", "selected_sentences": [ "Binomial nomenclature ( also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature ) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts , both of which use Latin grammatical forms , although they can be based on words from other languages .", "The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs ; the second part identifies the species within the genus ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tapioca balls", "text": "Tapioca balls are a product that comes from tapioca , a starch which is in turn extracted from the cassava root . They are also known as boba ( a transliteration of the word `` bubble '' ) or `` pearls '' in bubble tea . Some boba are five - to - ten - millimeter starch balls , consisting of sweet potato powder , potato powder , or jelly . By adding different ingredients -- water , sugar and seasoning -- tapioca balls can be made to vary in color and in texture . Tapioca balls are typically neutral in flavor and gel easily , and are therefore often used as a thickening agent in foods like pudding . ", "sentences": [ "Tapioca balls are a product that comes from tapioca , a starch which is in turn extracted from the cassava root .", "They are also known as boba ( a transliteration of the word `` bubble '' ) or `` pearls '' in bubble tea .", "Some boba are five - to - ten - millimeter starch balls , consisting of sweet potato powder , potato powder , or jelly .", "By adding different ingredients -- water , sugar and seasoning -- tapioca balls can be made to vary in color and in texture .", "Tapioca balls are typically neutral in flavor and gel easily , and are therefore often used as a thickening agent in foods like pudding ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Tapioca balls are a product that comes from tapioca, a starch which is in turn extracted from the cassava root.\r\nSome boba are five- to- ten-millimeter starch balls, consisting of sweet potato powder, potato powder, or jelly.", "selected_sentences": [ "Tapioca balls are a product that comes from tapioca , a starch which is in turn extracted from the cassava root .", "Some boba are five - to - ten - millimeter starch balls , consisting of sweet potato powder , potato powder , or jelly ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn", "text": "The original Final Fantasy XIV was released in September 2010 to overwhelmingly negative reviews . As a result of this poor reception , then - Square Enix President Yoichi Wada announced that a new team , led by Yoshida , would take over development of the title . This team was responsible for generating content for the original version as well as developing a brand new game which would address all of the previous release 's criticisms . Initially dubbed `` Version 2.0 '' , Final Fantasy XIV : A Realm Reborn features a new engine , improved server structures , revamped gameplay and interface , and a new story . ", "sentences": [ "The original Final Fantasy XIV was released in September 2010 to overwhelmingly negative reviews .", "As a result of this poor reception , then - Square Enix President Yoichi Wada announced that a new team , led by Yoshida , would take over development of the title .", "This team was responsible for generating content for the original version as well as developing a brand new game which would address all of the previous release 's criticisms .", "Initially dubbed `` Version 2.0 '' , Final Fantasy XIV :", "A Realm Reborn features a new engine , improved server structures , revamped gameplay and interface , and a new story ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The original Final Fantasy XIV was released to overwhelmingly negative reviews. A Realm Reborn features a new engine, improved server structures, revamped gameplay and interface, and a new story.", "selected_sentences": [ "The original Final Fantasy XIV was released in September 2010 to overwhelmingly negative reviews .", "A Realm Reborn features a new engine , improved server structures , revamped gameplay and interface , and a new story ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Convicts in Australia", "text": "The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century . When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution , an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks . Earlier in 1770 , James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain . Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region , Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony , and in 1787 , the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay , arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney , New South Wales , the first European settlement on the continent . Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen 's Land ( Tasmania ) in 1803 and Queensland in 1824 , while Western Australia , founded in 1829 as a free colony , received convicts from 1850 . Victoria and South Australia remained free colonies . Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly the following decade . The last convict ship arrived in Western Australia on 10 January 1868 . ", "sentences": [ "The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century .", "When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution , an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks .", "Earlier in 1770 , James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain .", "Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region , Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony , and in 1787 , the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay , arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney , New South Wales , the first European settlement on the continent .", "Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen 's Land ( Tasmania ) in 1803 and Queensland in 1824 , while Western Australia , founded in 1829 as a free colony , received convicts from 1850 .", "Victoria and South Australia remained free colonies .", "Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly the following decade .", "The last convict ship arrived in Western Australia on 10 January 1868 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century. When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks. Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region, Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony.", "selected_sentences": [ "The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century .", "When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution , an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks .", "Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region , Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony , and in 1787 , the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay , arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney , New South Wales , the first European settlement on the continent ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century. When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks. Earlier in 1770 , James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain . Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region, Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony.", "selected_sentences": [ "The British government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 17th century .", "When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution , an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks .", "Earlier in 1770 , James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain .", "Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region , Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony , and in 1787 , the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay , arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney , New South Wales , the first European settlement on the continent ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Fundal massage", "text": "Fundal massage , also called uterine massage , is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion . As the uterus returns to its nonpregnant size , its muscles contract strongly , which can cause pain . Fundal massage can be performed with one hand over the pubic bone , firmly massaging the uterine fundus ( the top of the uterus ) , or with the addition of one hand in the vagina compressing the two uterine arteries . Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain ; it may also reduce the need for uterotonics , medications that cause the uterus to contract . It is used to treat uterine atony , a condition where the uterus lacks muscle tone and is soft to the touch instead of firm . ", "sentences": [ "Fundal massage , also called uterine massage , is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion .", "As the uterus returns to its nonpregnant size , its muscles contract strongly , which can cause pain .", "Fundal massage can be performed with one hand over the pubic bone , firmly massaging the uterine fundus ( the top of the uterus ) , or with the addition of one hand in the vagina compressing the two uterine arteries .", "Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain ; it may also reduce the need for uterotonics , medications that cause the uterus to contract .", "It is used to treat uterine atony , a condition where the uterus lacks muscle tone and is soft to the touch instead of firm ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Fundal massage, also called uterine massage, is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion. Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain.", "selected_sentences": [ "Fundal massage , also called uterine massage , is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion .", "Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain ; it may also reduce the need for uterotonics , medications that cause the uterus to contract ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Fundal massage, also called uterine massage, is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion. Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain; it may also reduce the need for uterotonics , medications that cause the uterus to contract. It is used to treat uterine atony , a condition where the uterus lacks muscle tone and is soft to the touch instead of firm .", "selected_sentences": [ "Fundal massage , also called uterine massage , is a technique used to reduce bleeding and cramping of the uterus after childbirth or after an abortion .", "Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain ; it may also reduce the need for uterotonics , medications that cause the uterus to contract .", "It is used to treat uterine atony , a condition where the uterus lacks muscle tone and is soft to the touch instead of firm ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Comparison of American football and rugby league", "text": "Generally , American football games last much longer than 80 - minute rugby league matches . Because the field is reset after each tackle in American football , it is much slower - paced than the more hectic rugby league , in which play stops for only as long as it takes the tackled player to get back to his feet and return the ball to play . Another major difference is that only the player with possession of the ball may be interfered with in rugby league ; defending players interfering with any other attacking player ( and vice versa ) will incur a penalty . Passing in the two sports also differs : while backward passing is common to both sports , in American football players are allowed to throw the ball forward in certain situations whereas in rugby league forward passing is always illegal . Rugby league players have to kick the ball or run it forward to advance it downfield . To score a try or touchdown in rugby league , the player has to push the ball directly onto the ground once in the try zone , whereas in American football the player has to simply cross the line . American football also requires its players to use a large amount of protective equipment , including helmets , gloves and padding around the body , whereas protective clothing is much more minimal in rugby league , usually amounting to light padding ( if any ) and soft head gear ( hard helmets being illegal ) . The major difference between rugby league and American Football ( Gridiron ) is rugby fields are 100 metres where American football is 100 yards . ", "sentences": [ "Generally , American football games last much longer than 80 - minute rugby league matches .", "Because the field is reset after each tackle in American football , it is much slower - paced than the more hectic rugby league , in which play stops for only as long as it takes the tackled player to get back to his feet and return the ball to play .", "Another major difference is that only the player with possession of the ball may be interfered with in rugby league ; defending players interfering with any other attacking player ( and vice versa ) will incur a penalty .", "Passing in the two sports also differs : while backward passing is common to both sports , in American football players are allowed to throw the ball forward in certain situations whereas in rugby league forward passing is always illegal .", "Rugby league players have to kick the ball or run it forward to advance it downfield .", "To score a try or touchdown in rugby league , the player has to push the ball directly onto the ground once in the try zone , whereas in American football the player has to simply cross the line .", "American football also requires its players to use a large amount of protective equipment , including helmets , gloves and padding around the body , whereas protective clothing is much more minimal in rugby league , usually amounting to light padding ( if any ) and soft head gear ( hard helmets being illegal ) .", "The major difference between rugby league and American Football ( Gridiron ) is rugby fields are 100 metres where American football is 100 yards ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Generally, American football games last much longer than 80 minute rugby league matches. Passing in the two sports also differs: while backward passing is common to both sports, in American football players are allowed to throw the ball forward in certain situations whereas in rugby league forward passing is always illegal. American football also requires its players to use a large amount of protective equipment, including helmets, gloves and padding around the body, whereas protective clothing is much more minimal in rugby league, usually amounting to light padding (if any) and soft head gear (hard helmets being illegal). The major difference between rugby league and American Football (Gridiron) is rugby fields are 100 metres where American football is 100 yards.", "selected_sentences": [ "Generally , American football games last much longer than 80 - minute rugby league matches .", "Passing in the two sports also differs : while backward passing is common to both sports , in American football players are allowed to throw the ball forward in certain situations whereas in rugby league forward passing is always illegal .", "American football also requires its players to use a large amount of protective equipment , including helmets , gloves and padding around the body , whereas protective clothing is much more minimal in rugby league , usually amounting to light padding ( if any ) and soft head gear ( hard helmets being illegal ) .", "The major difference between rugby league and American Football ( Gridiron ) is rugby fields are 100 metres where American football is 100 yards ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "American football games last much longer than 80 - minute rugby league matches. American football is much slower - paced than the rugby league, in which only the player with possession of the ball may be interfered with and defending players interfering with any other attacking player will incur a penalty . In American football players are allowed to throw the ball forward in certain situations whereas in rugby league forward passing is always illegal. To score a try or touchdown in rugby league , the player has to push the ball directly onto the ground once in the try zone , whereas in American football the player has to simply cross the line. American football also requires its players to use a large amount of protective equipment , including helmets , gloves and padding around the body , whereas protective clothing is much more minimal in rugby league, where hard helmets are illegal. The major difference between rugby league and American Football is rugby fields are 100 metres where American football is 100 yards .", "selected_sentences": [ "Generally , American football games last much longer than 80 - minute rugby league matches .", "Because the field is reset after each tackle in American football , it is much slower - paced than the more hectic rugby league , in which play stops for only as long as it takes the tackled player to get back to his feet and return the ball to play .", "Another major difference is that only the player with possession of the ball may be interfered with in rugby league ; defending players interfering with any other attacking player ( and vice versa ) will incur a penalty .", "Passing in the two sports also differs : while backward passing is common to both sports , in American football players are allowed to throw the ball forward in certain situations whereas in rugby league forward passing is always illegal .", "To score a try or touchdown in rugby league , the player has to push the ball directly onto the ground once in the try zone , whereas in American football the player has to simply cross the line .", "American football also requires its players to use a large amount of protective equipment , including helmets , gloves and padding around the body , whereas protective clothing is much more minimal in rugby league , usually amounting to light padding ( if any ) and soft head gear ( hard helmets being illegal ) .", "The major difference between rugby league and American Football ( Gridiron ) is rugby fields are 100 metres where American football is 100 yards ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword", "text": "Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015 , then later in North Wales from March 2 , 2015 . Later on March 10 , 2015 , Ritchie tweeted a photo and confirmed the first day of shooting . In April 2015 , filming took place in Snowdonia , where locations used were Tryfan , Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig . Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig , Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands . One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye . Filming also took place at Warner Bros. Studios , Leavesden . ", "sentences": [ "Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015 , then later in North Wales from March 2 , 2015 .", "Later on March 10 , 2015 , Ritchie tweeted a photo and confirmed the first day of shooting .", "In April 2015 , filming took place in Snowdonia , where locations used were Tryfan , Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig .", "Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig , Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands .", "One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye .", "Filming also took place at Warner Bros.", "Studios , Leavesden ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword was filmed in Windsor Great Park and later in North Wales. Filming continued in the Shieldaig, Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands. One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye. Filming also took place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden.", "selected_sentences": [ "Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015 , then later in North Wales from March 2 , 2015 .", "Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig , Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands .", "One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye .", "Filming also took place at Warner Bros.", "Studios , Leavesden ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Seeley Booth", "text": "In Season five , Booth realizes his love for Brennan as he recovers from his tumor . However , he is cautioned by both Dr. Saroyan and Dr. Sweets to be sure of his feelings before confessing his love to Brennan . Afraid that his feelings for her are related solely to his tumor and coma , Booth is conflicted about whether or not to tell Brennan . Afterwards , their relationship remains fraught with sexual tension . Although she shares his feelings , Brennan rejects his advance and states her uncertainty about the possible outcomes of such a relationship given their seemingly conflicting personalities . Booth agrees to respect her wishes and attempts to move on as they continue to work together . In the episode `` The Boy with the Answer '' , Booth is confronted with the possibility that Brennan , claiming she is `` tired of dealing with murders and victims and sadness and pain '' , might leave the Jeffersonian permanently . In the final scene of this episode , Booth watches as Brennan turns to face him while riding away in a taxi . Brennan departs for a year - long anthropological expedition to the Maluku Islands , while Booth agrees to spend a year in Afghanistan , training soldiers to apprehend terrorists . They say goodbye at the airport , agreeing to meet one year later . Their relationship takes a downturn after their return to DC due to Booth 's relationship with journalist Hannah Burley ; Brennan is apparently disappointed after learning that Hannah gets along with Parker . When Brennan admits that she still has feelings for Booth , he turns her down and says that he loves Hannah . Hannah departs after she turns down Booth 's rather half - hearted proposal . Brennan and Booth begin to rekindle their relationship . ", "sentences": [ "In Season five , Booth realizes his love for Brennan as he recovers from his tumor .", "However , he is cautioned by both Dr. Saroyan and Dr. Sweets to be sure of his feelings before confessing his love to Brennan .", "Afraid that his feelings for her are related solely to his tumor and coma , Booth is conflicted about whether or not to tell Brennan .", "Afterwards , their relationship remains fraught with sexual tension .", "Although she shares his feelings , Brennan rejects his advance and states her uncertainty about the possible outcomes of such a relationship given their seemingly conflicting personalities .", "Booth agrees to respect her wishes and attempts to move on as they continue to work together .", "In the episode `` The Boy with the Answer '' , Booth is confronted with the possibility that Brennan , claiming she is `` tired of dealing with murders and victims and sadness and pain '' , might leave the Jeffersonian permanently .", "In the final scene of this episode , Booth watches as Brennan turns to face him while riding away in a taxi .", "Brennan departs for a year - long anthropological expedition to the Maluku Islands , while Booth agrees to spend a year in Afghanistan , training soldiers to apprehend terrorists .", "They say goodbye at the airport , agreeing to meet one year later .", "Their relationship takes a downturn after their return to DC due to Booth 's relationship with journalist Hannah Burley ; Brennan is apparently disappointed after learning that Hannah gets along with Parker .", "When Brennan admits that she still has feelings for Booth , he turns her down and says that he loves Hannah .", "Hannah departs after she turns down Booth 's rather half - hearted proposal .", "Brennan and Booth begin to rekindle their relationship ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "After returning to DC upon spending a year in Afghanistan, Booth says that he loves Hannah. Hannah departs after she turns down Booth's rather half-hearted proposal.", "selected_sentences": [ "Brennan departs for a year - long anthropological expedition to the Maluku Islands , while Booth agrees to spend a year in Afghanistan , training soldiers to apprehend terrorists .", "Their relationship takes a downturn after their return to DC due to Booth 's relationship with journalist Hannah Burley ; Brennan is apparently disappointed after learning that Hannah gets along with Parker .", "When Brennan admits that she still has feelings for Booth , he turns her down and says that he loves Hannah .", "Hannah departs after she turns down Booth 's rather half - hearted proposal ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "text": "The 2017 -- 18 NBA season is the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 , earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of `` back - to - back '' games teams are scheduled to play , with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion ( and Finals runner -- up ) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland , Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25 , 2017 . The 2018 NBA All - Star Game was played on February 18 , 2018 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California . LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All - Star Game Most Valuable Player . The regular season will end on April 11 , 2018 and the playoffs will begin on April 14 , 2018 . ", "sentences": [ "The 2017 -- 18 NBA season is the 72nd season of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) .", "The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 , earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of `` back - to - back '' games teams are scheduled to play , with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion ( and Finals runner -- up ) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland , Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25 , 2017 .", "The 2018 NBA All - Star Game was played on February 18 , 2018 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles , California .", "LeBron James of the Cleveland Cavaliers was named the All - Star Game Most Valuable Player .", "The regular season will end on April 11 , 2018 and the playoffs will begin on April 14 , 2018 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The regular season began on October 17 , 2017. It will end on April 11, 2018 and the playoffs will begin on April 14, 2018.", "selected_sentences": [ "The regular season began on October 17 , 2017 , earlier than previous seasons to reduce the number of `` back - to - back '' games teams are scheduled to play , with the 2017 Eastern Conference champion ( and Finals runner -- up ) Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the Boston Celtics at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland , Ohio Christmas games were played on December 25 , 2017 .", "The regular season will end on April 11 , 2018 and the playoffs will begin on April 14 , 2018 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bindi (decoration)", "text": "A bindi ( Hindi : बिंदी , from Sanskrit bindu , meaning `` point , drop , dot or small particle '' ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead , commonly by Hindu and Jain women . The word bindu dates back to the hymn of creation known as Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda . Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity . It is also described as `` the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state '' . A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in Indian subcontinent ( particularly amongst Hindus in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal , Bhutan and Sri Lanka ) and Southeast Asia among Balinese , Javanese , Malaysian , Singaporean and Burmese Hindus . A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in China and , like in South and Southeast Asia , represents the opening of the third eye . Bindi in Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra , and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra . Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created , representing the universe . The bindi has a historical and cultural presence in the region of Greater India . ", "sentences": [ "A bindi ( Hindi : बिंदी , from Sanskrit bindu , meaning `` point , drop , dot or small particle '' ) is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead , commonly by Hindu and Jain women .", "The word bindu dates back to the hymn of creation known as Nasadiya Sukta in the Rigveda .", "Bindu is considered the point at which creation begins and may become unity .", "It is also described as `` the sacred symbol of the cosmos in its unmanifested state '' .", "A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in Indian subcontinent ( particularly amongst Hindus in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal , Bhutan and Sri Lanka ) and Southeast Asia among Balinese , Javanese , Malaysian , Singaporean and Burmese Hindus .", "A similar marking is also worn by babies and children in China and , like in South and Southeast Asia , represents the opening of the third eye .", "Bindi in Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra , and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra .", "Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created , representing the universe .", "The bindi has a historical and cultural presence in the region of Greater India ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead, it is associated with ajna chakra, and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra. Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created, representing the universe.", "selected_sentences": [ "A bindi is a bright dot of some colour applied in the centre of the forehead close to the eyebrows worn in Indian subcontinent ( particularly amongst Hindus in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal , Bhutan and Sri Lanka ) and Southeast Asia among Balinese , Javanese , Malaysian , Singaporean and Burmese Hindus .", "Bindi in Hinduism , Buddhism , and Jainism is associated with ajna chakra , and Bindu is known as the third eye chakra .", "Bindu is the point or dot around which the mandala is created , representing the universe ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Glee (season 3)", "text": "Chord Overstreet , who played glee club member Sam Evans during the second season , did not return to the show at the start of the third season . According to Falchuk , Overstreet was invited back to guest - star for ten episodes `` with an eye towards becoming a series regular at midseason '' , but Overstreet declined . It was reported on October 18 , 2011 , and confirmed by Murphy six days later , that Overstreet would be returning as a recurring character starting with the season 's eighth episode . With Sam gone at the beginning of the season , Falchuk said that Mercedes `` has this new boyfriend she met over the summer who 's pretty cool '' . Friday Night Lights ' LaMarcus Tinker is portraying Mercedes ' new love interest , Shane Tinsley . Formerly known as `` Bubba '' and then as `` Marcus '' , he is `` a massive linebacker for the McKinley Titans '' . Their relationship was compared to Cuba Gooding Jr. and his wife in Jerry Maguire , as he `` encourages her to want more for herself '' . Ryan Murphy has said they plan to introduce four new cast members , `` kids that come in with their own stories . '' At least two of these are female students : Sugar , who is well - off , self - confident , and has a tin ear , and Sheila , `` a modern - day Joan Jett '' . The recurring role of Sugar Motta is played by Vanessa Lengies . Both Tinker and Lengies appeared in the season premiere , as did a character named Sheila played by Raven Goodwin , who is one of the Skanks , a group of outcast girls that includes Quinn . Another new recurring character is Sebastian Smythe , played by Grant Gustin , a `` gay Dalton Academy Warbler who sets his sights on Blaine '' . Idina Menzel reprises her role as Shelby Corcoran in a story arc that has her teaching at McKinley ; she first appeared in the season 's second episode . Jonathan Groff returned for a third season as Jesse St. James , appearing in two episodes as the new coach of Vocal Adrenaline . Murphy also intended for guest star Gwyneth Paltrow to return as substitute teacher Holly Holliday . Other recurring characters who are returning include former glee club member Lauren Zizes ( Ashley Fink ) , Principal Figgins ( Iqbal Theba ) , football coach Shannon Beiste ( Dot - Marie Jones ) , cheerleader Becky Jackson ( Lauren Potter ) , school reporter Jacob Ben Israel ( Josh Sussman ) , and TV news anchors Rod Remington ( Bill A. Jones ) and Andrea Carmichael ( Earlene Davis ) . Closeted gay athlete Dave Karofsky ( Max Adler ) also returns , as does Finn 's mother Carole Hudson - Hummel ( Romy Rosemont ) along with Quinn 's mother Judy Fabray ( Charlotte Ross ) and Puck 's mother ( Gina Hecht ) . ", "sentences": [ "Chord Overstreet , who played glee club member Sam Evans during the second season , did not return to the show at the start of the third season .", "According to Falchuk , Overstreet was invited back to guest - star for ten episodes `` with an eye towards becoming a series regular at midseason '' , but Overstreet declined .", "It was reported on October 18 , 2011 , and confirmed by Murphy six days later , that Overstreet would be returning as a recurring character starting with the season 's eighth episode .", "With Sam gone at the beginning of the season , Falchuk said that Mercedes `` has this new boyfriend she met over the summer who 's pretty cool '' .", "Friday Night Lights ' LaMarcus Tinker is portraying Mercedes ' new love interest , Shane Tinsley .", "Formerly known as `` Bubba '' and then as `` Marcus '' , he is `` a massive linebacker for the McKinley Titans '' .", "Their relationship was compared to Cuba Gooding Jr. and his wife in Jerry Maguire , as he `` encourages her to want more for herself '' .", "Ryan Murphy has said they plan to introduce four new cast members , `` kids that come in with their own stories . ''", "At least two of these are female students : Sugar , who is well - off , self - confident , and has a tin ear , and Sheila , `` a modern - day Joan Jett '' .", "The recurring role of Sugar Motta is played by Vanessa Lengies .", "Both Tinker and Lengies appeared in the season premiere , as did a character named Sheila played by Raven Goodwin , who is one of the Skanks , a group of outcast girls that includes Quinn .", "Another new recurring character is Sebastian Smythe , played by Grant Gustin , a `` gay Dalton Academy Warbler who sets his sights on Blaine '' .", "Idina Menzel reprises her role as Shelby Corcoran in a story arc that has her teaching at McKinley ; she first appeared in the season 's second episode .", "Jonathan Groff returned for a third season as Jesse St. James , appearing in two episodes as the new coach of Vocal Adrenaline .", "Murphy also intended for guest star Gwyneth Paltrow to return as substitute teacher Holly Holliday .", "Other recurring characters who are returning include former glee club member Lauren Zizes ( Ashley Fink ) , Principal Figgins ( Iqbal Theba ) , football coach Shannon Beiste ( Dot - Marie Jones ) , cheerleader Becky Jackson ( Lauren Potter ) , school reporter Jacob Ben Israel ( Josh Sussman ) , and TV news anchors Rod Remington", "( Bill A. Jones )", "and", "Andrea Carmichael ( Earlene Davis ) .", "Closeted gay athlete Dave Karofsky ( Max Adler ) also returns , as does Finn 's mother Carole Hudson - Hummel ( Romy Rosemont ) along with Quinn 's mother Judy Fabray ( Charlotte Ross ) and Puck 's mother ( Gina Hecht ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Chord Overstreet, who played glee club member Sam Evans during the second season, did not return to the show at the start of the third season.", "selected_sentences": [ "Chord Overstreet , who played glee club member Sam Evans during the second season , did not return to the show at the start of the third season .", "With Sam gone at the beginning of the season , Falchuk said that Mercedes `` has this new boyfriend she met over the summer who 's pretty cool '' ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Chord Overstreet , who played glee club member Sam Evans during the second season , did not return to the show at the start of the third season. He was invited back to guest - star for ten episodes `` with an eye towards becoming a series regular at midseason '' , but Overstreet declined .", "selected_sentences": [ "Chord Overstreet , who played glee club member Sam Evans during the second season , did not return to the show at the start of the third season .", "According to Falchuk , Overstreet was invited back to guest - star for ten episodes `` with an eye towards becoming a series regular at midseason '' , but Overstreet declined ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "I've Got You Under My Skin", "text": "`` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' is a song written by Cole Porter . Written in 1936 , the song was introduced in the Eleanor Powell MGM musical Born to Dance , in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce . It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song that year . It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and , in 1966 , became a top 10 hit for The Four Seasons . The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years . ", "sentences": [ "`` I 've Got You Under My Skin '' is a song written by Cole Porter .", "Written in 1936 , the song was introduced in the Eleanor Powell MGM musical Born to Dance , in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce .", "It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song that year .", "It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and , in 1966 , became a top 10 hit for The Four Seasons .", "The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Written in 1936, the song was introduced in the musical Born to Dance, in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce. It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra in 1960's. Since then, the song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians.", "selected_sentences": [ "Written in 1936 , the song was introduced in the Eleanor Powell MGM musical Born to Dance , in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce .", "It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and , in 1966 , became a top 10 hit for The Four Seasons .", "The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "I've Got You Under My Skin was introduced in the musical Born to Dance, performed by Virginia Bruce. It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and became a top 10 hit for The Four Seasons. The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years.", "selected_sentences": [ "Written in 1936 , the song was introduced in the Eleanor Powell MGM musical Born to Dance , in which it was performed by Virginia Bruce .", "It became a signature song for Frank Sinatra and , in 1966 , became a top 10 hit for The Four Seasons .", "The song has been recorded by many leading pop artists and jazz musicians over the years ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Direct free kick", "text": "A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football that is awarded to a team following most types of fouls . In a direct free kick , the fouled team is entitled to freely kick the ball from the spot of the foul , with opponents required to be at least 10 yards ( 9.1 m ) from the ball . The kicking team may score a goal directly from a direct free kick , that is , without the ball having first touched another player . This is in contrast with an indirect free kick -- a restart with a similar procedure that is usually awarded for technical infringements -- where the ball must contact another player before a goal is scored . If a player commits a foul punishable by a direct freekick within his / her own penalty area , a penalty kick is awarded instead . ", "sentences": [ "A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football that is awarded to a team following most types of fouls .", "In a direct free kick , the fouled team is entitled to freely kick the ball from the spot of the foul , with opponents required to be at least 10 yards ( 9.1 m ) from the ball .", "The kicking team may score a goal directly from a direct free kick , that is , without the ball having first touched another player .", "This is in contrast with an indirect free kick -- a restart with a similar procedure that is usually awarded for technical infringements -- where the ball must contact another player before a goal is scored .", "If a player commits a foul punishable by a direct freekick within his / her own penalty area , a penalty kick is awarded instead ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A direct free kick is awarded to a team following most types of fouls. An indirect free kick is usually awarded for technical infringements.", "selected_sentences": [ "A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football that is awarded to a team following most types of fouls .", "This is in contrast with an indirect free kick -- a restart with a similar procedure that is usually awarded for technical infringements -- where the ball must contact another player before a goal is scored ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mamma Mia! (film)", "text": "Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays . Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men . Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married , he did not go through with it , but returned to find Donna with another man . The men do not want paternity confirmed , each agreeing to be one - third of a father for Sophie . She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world . Sam proposes to Donna . She accepts and they are married . At the reception , Sam sings to Donna and Rosie makes a play for Bill . The couples proclaim their love . Sophie and Sky sail away . ", "sentences": [ "Sophie and Donna walk down the aisle as the band plays .", "Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men .", "Sam reveals that while he left Donna to get married , he did not go through with it , but returned to find Donna with another man .", "The men do not want paternity confirmed , each agreeing to be one - third of a father for Sophie .", "She tells Sky they should postpone their wedding and travel the world .", "Sam proposes to Donna .", "She accepts and they are married .", "At the reception , Sam sings to Donna and Rosie makes a play for Bill .", "The couples proclaim their love .", "Sophie and Sky sail away ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men. The men do not want paternity confirmed, each agreeing to be one third of a father for Sophie.", "selected_sentences": [ "Donna tells Sophie and all gathered that her father could be any of the three men .", "The men do not want paternity confirmed , each agreeing to be one - third of a father for Sophie ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Environmental impact of mining", "text": "Mining can have adverse effects on surrounding surface and groundwater if protective measures are not taken . The result can be unnaturally high concentrations of some chemicals , such as arsenic , sulfuric acid , and mercury over a significant area of surface or subsurface . Runoff of mere soil or rock debris - although non-toxic - also devastates the surrounding vegetation . The dumping of the runoff in surface waters or in forests is the worst option here . Submarine tailings disposal is regarded as a better option ( if the soil is pumped to a great depth ) . Mere land storage and refilling of the mine after it has been depleted is even better , if no forests need to be cleared for the storage of the debris . There is potential for massive contamination of the area surrounding mines due to the various chemicals used in the mining process as well as the potentially damaging compounds and metals removed from the ground with the ore . Large amounts of water produced from mine drainage , mine cooling , aqueous extraction and other mining processes increases the potential for these chemicals to contaminate ground and surface water . In well - regulated mines , hydrologists and geologists take careful measurements of water and soil to exclude any type of water contamination that could be caused by the mine 's operations . The reducing or eliminating of environmental degradation is enforced in modern American mining by federal and state law , by restricting operators to meet standards for protecting surface and ground water from contamination . This is best done through the use of non-toxic extraction processes as bioleaching . If the project site becomes nonetheless polluted , mitigation techniques such as acid mine drainage ( AMD ) need to be performed . ", "sentences": [ "Mining can have adverse effects on surrounding surface and groundwater if protective measures are not taken .", "The result can be unnaturally high concentrations of some chemicals , such as arsenic , sulfuric acid , and mercury over a significant area of surface or subsurface .", "Runoff of mere soil or rock debris - although non-toxic - also devastates the surrounding vegetation .", "The dumping of the runoff in surface waters or in forests is the worst option here .", "Submarine tailings disposal is regarded as a better option ( if the soil is pumped to a great depth ) .", "Mere land storage and refilling of the mine after it has been depleted is even better , if no forests need to be cleared for the storage of the debris .", "There is potential for massive contamination of the area surrounding mines due to the various chemicals used in the mining process as well as the potentially damaging compounds and metals removed from the ground with the ore .", "Large amounts of water produced from mine drainage , mine cooling , aqueous extraction and other mining processes increases the potential for these chemicals to contaminate ground and surface water .", "In well - regulated mines , hydrologists and geologists take careful measurements of water and soil to exclude any type of water contamination that could be caused by the mine 's operations .", "The reducing or eliminating of environmental degradation is enforced in modern American mining by federal and state law , by restricting operators to meet standards for protecting surface and ground water from contamination .", "This is best done through the use of non-toxic extraction processes as bioleaching .", "If the project site becomes nonetheless polluted , mitigation techniques such as acid mine drainage ( AMD ) need to be performed ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Mining can have adverse effects on surrounding surface and groundwater if protective measures are not taken. The dumping of the runoff in surface waters or in forests is the worst option here. Large amounts of water produced from mine drainage, mine cooling, aqueous extraction and other mining processes increases the potential for chemicals to contaminate ground and surface water.", "selected_sentences": [ "Mining can have adverse effects on surrounding surface and groundwater if protective measures are not taken .", "The dumping of the runoff in surface waters or in forests is the worst option here .", "Large amounts of water produced from mine drainage , mine cooling , aqueous extraction and other mining processes increases the potential for these chemicals to contaminate ground and surface water ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Subhas Chandra Bose", "text": "Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941 , where the leadership offered unexpected , if sometimes ambivalent , sympathy for the cause of India 's independence , contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities . In November 1941 , with German funds , a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin , and soon a Free India Radio , on which Bose broadcast nightly . A 3,000 - strong Free India Legion , comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel 's Afrika Korps , was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India . By spring 1942 , in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities , a German invasion of India became untenable , and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia . Adolf Hitler , during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942 , suggested the same , and offered to arrange for a submarine . During this time Bose also became a father ; his wife , or companion , Emilie Schenkl , whom he had met in 1934 , gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942 . Identifying strongly with the Axis powers , and no longer apologetically , Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 . In Madagascar , he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese - held Sumatra in May 1943 . ", "sentences": [ "Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941 , where the leadership offered unexpected , if sometimes ambivalent , sympathy for the cause of India 's independence , contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities .", "In November 1941 , with German funds , a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin , and soon a Free India Radio , on which Bose broadcast nightly .", "A 3,000 - strong Free India Legion , comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel 's Afrika Korps , was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India .", "By spring 1942 , in light of Japanese victories in southeast Asia and changing German priorities , a German invasion of India became untenable , and Bose became keen to move to southeast Asia .", "Adolf Hitler , during his only meeting with Bose in late May 1942 , suggested the same , and offered to arrange for a submarine .", "During this time Bose also became a father ; his wife , or companion , Emilie Schenkl , whom he had met in 1934 , gave birth to a baby girl in November 1942 .", "Identifying strongly with the Axis powers , and no longer apologetically , Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 .", "In Madagascar , he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese - held Sumatra in May 1943 ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence. With German funds, a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000 - strong Free India Legion was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India. Identifying strongly with the Axis powers, and no longer apologetically, Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 and disembarked in Japanese held Sumatra in May 1943.", "selected_sentences": [ "Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941 , where the leadership offered unexpected , if sometimes ambivalent , sympathy for the cause of India 's independence , contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities .", "In November 1941 , with German funds , a Free India Centre was set up in Berlin , and soon a Free India Radio , on which Bose broadcast nightly .", "A 3,000 - strong Free India Legion , comprising Indians captured by Erwin Rommel 's Afrika Korps , was also formed to aid in a possible future German land invasion of India .", "Identifying strongly with the Axis powers , and no longer apologetically , Bose boarded a German submarine in February 1943 .", "In Madagascar , he was transferred to a Japanese submarine from which he disembarked in Japanese - held Sumatra in May 1943 ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Results of the War of 1812", "text": "The War of 1812 happened between Great Britain and the United States in 1812 . It caused no geographical changes . The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain . All the causes of the war had disappeared with the end of the war between Britain and France and with the destruction of the power of Indians to block American expansion into the Northwest . American fears of the Native Americans ended , as did British plans to create a buffer Native American state . The American quest for honor after its humiliations by the British were satisfied . The final collapse of the opposition Federalist Party opened an `` Era of good feelings '' with lessened partisanship and an exuberant spirit . The British paid little attention to the war , concentrating instead on their final defeat of Napoleon in 1815 . The U.S. failed to gain any territory from British North America , contrary to many American politicians ' land from Spain . ", "sentences": [ "The War of 1812 happened between Great Britain and the United States in 1812 .", "It caused no geographical changes .", "The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain .", "All the causes of the war had disappeared with the end of the war between Britain and France and with the destruction of the power of Indians to block American expansion into the Northwest .", "American fears of the Native Americans ended , as did British plans to create a buffer Native American state .", "The American quest for honor after its humiliations by the British were satisfied .", "The final collapse of the opposition Federalist Party opened an `` Era of good feelings '' with lessened partisanship and an exuberant spirit .", "The British paid little attention to the war , concentrating instead on their final defeat of Napoleon in 1815 .", "The U.S. failed to gain any territory from British North America , contrary to many American politicians ' land from Spain ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain, and American fears of the Native Americans ended.", "selected_sentences": [ "The main result of the war was two centuries of peace between the United States and Britain .", "American fears of the Native Americans ended , as did British plans to create a buffer Native American state ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bay of Plenty", "text": "The Bay of Plenty ( Māori : Te Moana - a-Toi ) is a large bight in the northern coast of New Zealand 's North Island . It stretches from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east , a wide stretch of some 259 km of open coastline . The Bay of Plenty Region is situated around this body of water , also incorporating several large islands in the bay . The bay was named by James Cook after he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there , in stark contrast to the earlier observations he had made in Poverty Bay . ", "sentences": [ "The Bay of Plenty ( Māori :", "Te Moana - a-Toi ) is a large bight in the northern coast of New Zealand 's North Island .", "It stretches from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east , a wide stretch of some 259 km of open coastline .", "The Bay of Plenty Region is situated around this body of water , also incorporating several large islands in the bay .", "The bay was named by James Cook after he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there , in stark contrast to the earlier observations he had made in Poverty Bay ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Bay of Plenty was named by James Cook after he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to the earlier observations he had made in Poverty Bay.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Bay of Plenty ( Māori :", "The bay was named by James Cook after he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there , in stark contrast to the earlier observations he had made in Poverty Bay ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Malthusianism", "text": "Neo-Malthusianism is the advocacy of population control programs , to ensure resources for current and future populations . In Britain the term Malthusian can also refer more specifically to arguments made in favour of preventive birth control , hence organizations such as the Malthusian League . Neo-Malthusians differ from Malthus 's theories mainly in their enthusiasm for contraception . Malthus , a devout Christian , believed that `` self - control '' ( abstinence ) was preferable to artificial birth control . In some editions of his essay , Malthus did allow that abstinence was unlikely to be effective on a wide scale , thus advocating the use of artificial means of birth control as a solution to population `` pressure '' . Modern `` neo-Malthusians '' are generally more concerned than Malthus was , with environmental degradation and catastrophic famine than with poverty . ", "sentences": [ "Neo-Malthusianism is the advocacy of population control programs , to ensure resources for current and future populations .", "In Britain the term Malthusian can also refer more specifically to arguments made in favour of preventive birth control , hence organizations such as the Malthusian League .", "Neo-Malthusians differ from Malthus 's theories mainly in their enthusiasm for contraception .", "Malthus , a devout Christian , believed that `` self - control '' ( abstinence ) was preferable to artificial birth control .", "In some editions of his essay , Malthus did allow that abstinence was unlikely to be effective on a wide scale , thus advocating the use of artificial means of birth control as a solution to population `` pressure '' .", "Modern `` neo-Malthusians '' are generally more concerned than Malthus was , with environmental degradation and catastrophic famine than with poverty ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In Britain the term Malthusian can also refer more specifically to arguments made in favour of preventive birth control , hence organizations such as the Malthusian League .Modern `` neo-Malthusians '' are generally more concerned than Malthus was , with environmental degradation and catastrophic famine than with poverty .", "selected_sentences": [ "In Britain the term Malthusian can also refer more specifically to arguments made in favour of preventive birth control , hence organizations such as the Malthusian League .", "Modern `` neo-Malthusians '' are generally more concerned than Malthus was , with environmental degradation and catastrophic famine than with poverty ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bell pepper", "text": "The most common colors of bell peppers are green , yellow , orange and red . More rarely , brown , white , lavender , and dark purple peppers can be seen , depending on the variety . Most typically , unripe fruits are green or , less commonly , pale yellow or purple . Red bell peppers are simply ripened green peppers , although the Permagreen variety maintains its green color even when fully ripe . As such , mixed colored peppers also exist during parts of the ripening process . Green peppers are less sweet and slightly more bitter than yellow or orange peppers , with red bell peppers being the sweetest . The taste of ripe peppers can also vary with growing conditions and post-harvest storage treatment ; the sweetest fruits are allowed to ripen fully on the plant in full sunshine , while fruit harvested green and after - ripened in storage is less sweet . ", "sentences": [ "The most common colors of bell peppers are green , yellow , orange and red .", "More rarely , brown , white , lavender , and dark purple peppers can be seen , depending on the variety .", "Most typically , unripe fruits are green or , less commonly , pale yellow or purple .", "Red bell peppers are simply ripened green peppers , although the Permagreen variety maintains its green color even when fully ripe .", "As such , mixed colored peppers also exist during parts of the ripening process .", "Green peppers are less sweet and slightly more bitter than yellow or orange peppers , with red bell peppers being the sweetest .", "The taste of ripe peppers can also vary with growing conditions and post-harvest storage treatment ; the sweetest fruits are allowed to ripen fully on the plant in full sunshine , while fruit harvested green and after - ripened in storage is less sweet ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The most common colors of bell peppers are green, yellow, orange and red. Red bell peppers are simply ripened green peppers. Mixed colored peppers also exist during parts of the ripening process.", "selected_sentences": [ "The most common colors of bell peppers are green , yellow , orange and red .", "Red bell peppers are simply ripened green peppers , although the Permagreen variety maintains its green color even when fully ripe .", "As such , mixed colored peppers also exist during parts of the ripening process ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Xbox 360 controller", "text": "The Xbox 360 controller has a guide button in the center of its face that provides a new functionality . This button is surrounded by a ring of lights divided into four quadrants that provide gamers with different types of information during game play . For instance , during a split screen multiplayer match , a particular quadrant will light up to indicate to a player which part of the screen he or she is playing on at that time . In this case , when the user pushes the button , he or she accesses the Xbox guide ; a menu which provides access to features like messaging friends , downloading content , voice chat and customizing soundtracks , while staying in the game . The Guide button also allows users to turn off the controller or the console by holding the button for a few seconds ( rather than simply pressing it ) . ", "sentences": [ "The Xbox 360 controller has a guide button in the center of its face that provides a new functionality .", "This button is surrounded by a ring of lights divided into four quadrants that provide gamers with different types of information during game play .", "For instance , during a split screen multiplayer match , a particular quadrant will light up to indicate to a player which part of the screen he or she is playing on at that time .", "In this case , when the user pushes the button , he or she accesses the Xbox guide ; a menu which provides access to features like messaging friends , downloading content , voice chat and customizing soundtracks , while staying in the game .", "The Guide button also allows users to turn off the controller or the console by holding the button for a few seconds ( rather than simply pressing it ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Xbox 360 controller has a guide button in the center of its face that provides a new functionality. When the user pushes the button, he or she accesses the Xbox guide; a menu which provides access to features like messaging friends, downloading content, voice chat and customizing soundtracks, while staying in the game.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Xbox 360 controller has a guide button in the center of its face that provides a new functionality .", "In this case , when the user pushes the button , he or she accesses the Xbox guide ; a menu which provides access to features like messaging friends , downloading content , voice chat and customizing soundtracks , while staying in the game ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Xbox 360 controller has a guide button in the center of its face that provides a new functionality. When the user pushes the button, he or she accesses the Xbox guide; a menu which provides access to features like messaging friends, downloading content, voice chat and customizing soundtracks, while staying in the game. The Guide button also allows users to turn off the controller or the console by holding the button for a few seconds ( rather than simply pressing it ) .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Xbox 360 controller has a guide button in the center of its face that provides a new functionality .", "In this case , when the user pushes the button , he or she accesses the Xbox guide ; a menu which provides access to features like messaging friends , downloading content , voice chat and customizing soundtracks , while staying in the game .", "The Guide button also allows users to turn off the controller or the console by holding the button for a few seconds ( rather than simply pressing it ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of Puerto Rico", "text": "On September 24 , 1493 , Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships and 1,200 to 1,500 soldiers from Cádiz . On November 19 , 1493 he landed on the island , naming it San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist . The first European colony , Caparra , was founded on August 8 , 1508 by Juan Ponce de León , a lieutenant under Columbus , who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique Agüeybaná and who later became the first governor of the island . Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico . In 1508 , Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations . The following year , the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby islet on the coast , named Puerto Rico ( Rich Port ) , which had a suitable harbor . In 1511 , a second settlement , San Germán was established in the southwestern part of the island . According to the `` 500TH Florida Discovery Council Round Table '' , on March 3 , 1513 , Juan Ponce de León , organized and commenced an expedition ( with a crew of 200 , including women and free blacks ) departing from `` Punta Aguada '' Puerto Rico . Puerto Rico was the historic first gateway to the discovery of Florida , which opened the door to the settlement of the southeastern United States . They introduced Christianity , cattle , horses , sheep , the Spanish language and more to the land ( Florida ) that later became the United States of America . This settlement occurred 107 years before the Pilgrims landed . During the 1520s , the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan . ", "sentences": [ "On September 24 , 1493 , Christopher Columbus set sail on his second voyage with 17 ships and 1,200 to 1,500 soldiers from Cádiz .", "On November 19 , 1493 he landed on the island , naming it San Juan Bautista in honor of Saint John the Baptist .", "The first European colony , Caparra , was founded on August 8 , 1508 by Juan Ponce de León , a lieutenant under Columbus , who was greeted by the Taíno Cacique Agüeybaná and who later became the first governor of the island .", "Ponce de Leon was actively involved in the Higuey massacre of 1503 in Puerto Rico .", "In 1508 , Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations .", "The following year , the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby islet on the coast , named Puerto Rico ( Rich Port ) , which had a suitable harbor .", "In 1511 , a second settlement , San Germán was established in the southwestern part of the island .", "According to the `` 500TH Florida Discovery Council Round Table '' , on March 3 , 1513 , Juan Ponce de León , organized and commenced an expedition ( with a crew of 200 , including women and free blacks ) departing from `` Punta Aguada '' Puerto Rico .", "Puerto Rico was the historic first gateway to the discovery of Florida , which opened the door to the settlement of the southeastern United States .", "They introduced Christianity , cattle , horses , sheep , the Spanish language and more to the land ( Florida ) that later became the United States of America .", "This settlement occurred 107 years before the Pilgrims landed .", "During the 1520s , the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In 1508, Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations. The following year, the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby islet on the coast, named Puerto Rico (Rich Port), which had a suitable harbor. During the 1520s, the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan.", "selected_sentences": [ "In 1508 , Sir Ponce de Leon was chosen by the Spanish Crown to lead the conquest and slavery of the Taíno Indians for gold mining operations .", "The following year , the colony was abandoned in favor of a nearby islet on the coast , named Puerto Rico ( Rich Port ) , which had a suitable harbor .", "During the 1520s , the island took the name of Puerto Rico while the port became San Juan ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Well-defined", "text": "In mathematics , an expression is called well - defined or unambiguous if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value . Otherwise , the expression is said to be not well - defined or ambiguous . A function is well - defined if it gives the same result when the representation of the input is changed without changing the value of the input . For instance if f takes real numbers as input , and if f ( 0.5 ) does not equal f ( 1 / 2 ) then f is not well - defined ( and thus : not a function ) . The term well - defined is also used to indicate whether a logical statement is unambiguous . ", "sentences": [ "In mathematics , an expression is called well - defined or unambiguous if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value .", "Otherwise , the expression is said to be not well - defined or ambiguous .", "A function is well - defined if it gives the same result when the representation of the input is changed without changing the value of the input .", "For instance if f takes real numbers as input , and if f ( 0.5 ) does not equal f ( 1 / 2 ) then f is not well - defined ( and thus : not a function ) .", "The term well - defined is also used to indicate whether a logical statement is unambiguous ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In mathematics, an expression is called well-defined or unambiguous if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value.\r\nThe term well - defined is also used to indicate whether a logical statement is unambiguous.", "selected_sentences": [ "In mathematics , an expression is called well - defined or unambiguous if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value .", "The term well - defined is also used to indicate whether a logical statement is unambiguous ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Bantu Education Act, 1953", "text": "The Bantu Education Act , 1953 ( Act No. 47 of 1953 ; later renamed the Black Education Act , 1953 ) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community . Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities . Even universities were made `` tribal '' , and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government no longer would help support their schools . Very few authorities continued using their own finances to support education for native Africans . In 1959 , this type of education was extended to `` non white '' universities and colleges with the Extension of University Education Act , and the internationally prestigious University College of Fort Hare was taken over by the government and degraded to being part of the Bantu education system . It is often argued that the policy of Bantu ( African ) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market , although Hendrik Verwoerd , at the time Minister of Native Affairs , claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa 's `` ethnic problems '' by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group . ", "sentences": [ "The Bantu Education Act , 1953 ( Act No. 47 of 1953 ; later renamed the Black Education Act , 1953 ) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community .", "Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities .", "Even universities were made `` tribal '' , and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government no longer would help support their schools .", "Very few authorities continued using their own finances to support education for native Africans .", "In 1959 , this type of education was extended to `` non white '' universities and colleges with the Extension of University Education Act , and the internationally prestigious University College of Fort Hare was taken over by the government and degraded to being part of the Bantu education system .", "It is often argued that the policy of Bantu ( African ) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market , although Hendrik Verwoerd , at the time Minister of Native Affairs , claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa 's `` ethnic problems '' by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Bantu Education Act, 1953 ( Act No. 47 of 1953 ; later renamed the Black Education Act , 1953 ) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community.\r\nIt is often argued that the policy of Bantu ( African ) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market, although Hendrik Verwoerd, at the time Minister of Native Affairs, claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa's `` ethnic problems '' by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group.", "selected_sentences": [ "The Bantu Education Act , 1953 ( Act No. 47 of 1953 ; later renamed the Black Education Act , 1953 ) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community .", "It is often argued that the policy of Bantu ( African ) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market , although Hendrik Verwoerd , at the time Minister of Native Affairs , claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa 's `` ethnic problems '' by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Bantu Education Act , 1953 ( Act No. 47 of 1953 ; later renamed the Black Education Act , 1953 ) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system. Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities . It is often argued that the policy of Bantu ( African ) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market , although Hendrik Verwoerd , at the time Minister of Native Affairs , claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa 's `` ethnic problems '' by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Bantu Education Act , 1953 ( Act No. 47 of 1953 ; later renamed the Black Education Act , 1953 ) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community .", "Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities .", "It is often argued that the policy of Bantu ( African ) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market , although Hendrik Verwoerd , at the time Minister of Native Affairs , claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa 's `` ethnic problems '' by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": ".380 ACP", "text": "The . 380 ACP ( 9 × 17mm ) ( Automatic Colt Pistol ) is a rimless , straight - walled pistol cartridge developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning . The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case . It was introduced in 1908 by Colt , for use in its new Colt Model 1908 pocket hammerless semi-automatic , and has been a popular self - defense cartridge ever since , seeing wide use in numerous handguns ( typically smaller weapons ) . Other names for . 380 ACP include . 380 Auto , 9mm Browning , 9mm Corto , 9mm Kurz , 9mm Short , 9 × 17mm and 9 mm Browning Court ( which is the C.I.P. designation ) . It should not to be confused with . 38 ACP , from which it was developed . ", "sentences": [ "The . 380 ACP ( 9 × 17mm ) ( Automatic Colt Pistol ) is a rimless , straight - walled pistol cartridge developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning .", "The cartridge headspaces on the mouth of the case .", "It was introduced in 1908 by Colt , for use in its new Colt Model 1908 pocket hammerless semi-automatic , and has been a popular self - defense cartridge ever since , seeing wide use in numerous handguns ( typically smaller weapons ) .", "Other names for .", "380 ACP include .", "380 Auto , 9mm Browning , 9mm Corto , 9mm Kurz , 9mm Short , 9 × 17mm and 9 mm Browning Court ( which is the C.I.P. designation ) .", "It should not to be confused with .", "38 ACP , from which it was developed ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The . 380 ACP (9 × 17mm) (Automatic Colt Pistol) is a rimless, straight-walled pistol cartridge. Another name for .380 ACP include .380 Auto.", "selected_sentences": [ "The . 380 ACP ( 9 × 17mm ) ( Automatic Colt Pistol ) is a rimless , straight - walled pistol cartridge developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning .", "Other names for .", "380 ACP include .", "380 Auto , 9mm Browning , 9mm Corto , 9mm Kurz , 9mm Short , 9 × 17mm and 9 mm Browning Court ( which is the C.I.P. designation ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The .380 ACP (9 × 17mm) (Automatic Colt Pistol) is a rimless, straight-walled pistol cartridge. Another name for .380 ACP includes .380 Auto.", "selected_sentences": [ "The . 380 ACP ( 9 × 17mm ) ( Automatic Colt Pistol ) is a rimless , straight - walled pistol cartridge developed by firearms designer John Moses Browning .", "Other names for .", "380 ACP include .", "380 Auto , 9mm Browning , 9mm Corto , 9mm Kurz , 9mm Short , 9 × 17mm and 9 mm Browning Court ( which is the C.I.P. designation ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gingerbread house", "text": "Records of honey cakes can be traced to ancient Rome . Food historians ratify that ginger has been seasoning foodstuffs and drinks since antiquity . It is believed gingerbread was first baked in Europe at the end of the 11th century , when returning crusaders brought back the custom of spicy bread from the Middle East . Ginger was not only tasty , it had properties that helped preserve the bread . According to the French legend , gingerbread was brought to Europe in 992 by the Armenian monk , later saint , Gregory of Nicopolis ( Gregory Makar ) . He lived for seven years in Bondaroy , France , near the town of Pithiviers , where he taught gingerbread cooking to priests and other Christians . He died in 999 . An early medieval Christian legend elaborates on the Gospel of Matthew 's account of the birth of Jesus . According to the legend , attested to in a Greek document from the 8th century , of presumed Irish origin and translated into Latin with the title Collectanea et Flores , in addition to gold , frankincense , and myrrh , given as gifts by three `` wise men from the east '' ( magi ) , ginger was the gift of one wise man ( magus ) who was unable to complete the journey to Bethlehem . As he was lingering in his last days in a city in Syria , the magus gave his chest of ginger roots to the Rabbi who had kindly cared for him in his illness . The Rabbi told him of the prophesies of the great King who was to come to the Jews , one of which was that He would be born in Bethlehem , which , in Hebrew , meant `` House of Bread '' . The Rabbi was accustomed to having his young students make houses of bread to eat over time to nourish the hope for their Messiah . The Magus suggested adding ground - up ginger to the bread for zest and flavor . Gingerbread , as we know it today , descends from Medieval European culinary traditions . Gingerbread was also shaped into different forms by monks in Franconia , Germany in the 13th century . Lebkuchen bakers are recorded as early as 1296 in Ulm and 1395 in Nuremberg , Germany . Nuremberg was recognized as the `` Gingerbread Capital of the World '' when in the 1600s the guild started to employ master bakers and skilled workers to create complicated works of art from gingerbread . Medieval bakers used carved boards to create elaborate designs . During the 13th century , the custom spread across Europe . It was taken to Sweden in the 13th century by German immigrants ; there are references from Vadstena Abbey of Swedish nuns baking gingerbread to ease indigestion in 1444 . The traditional sweetener is honey , used by the guild in Nuremberg . Spices used are ginger , cinnamon , cloves , nutmeg and cardamom . Gingerbread figurines date back to the 15th century , and figural biscuit - making was practised in the 16th century . The first documented instance of figure - shaped gingerbread biscuits is from the court of Elizabeth I of England : she had gingerbread figures made in the likeness of some of her important guests . ", "sentences": [ "Records of honey cakes can be traced to ancient Rome .", "Food historians ratify that ginger has been seasoning foodstuffs and drinks since antiquity .", "It is believed gingerbread was first baked in Europe at the end of the 11th century , when returning crusaders brought back the custom of spicy bread from the Middle East .", "Ginger was not only tasty , it had properties that helped preserve the bread .", "According to the French legend , gingerbread was brought to Europe in 992 by the Armenian monk , later saint , Gregory of Nicopolis ( Gregory Makar ) .", "He lived for seven years in Bondaroy , France , near the town of Pithiviers , where he taught gingerbread cooking to priests and other Christians .", "He died in 999 .", "An early medieval Christian legend elaborates on the Gospel of Matthew 's account of the birth of Jesus .", "According to the legend , attested to in a Greek document from the 8th century , of presumed Irish origin and translated into Latin with the title Collectanea et Flores , in addition to gold , frankincense , and myrrh , given as gifts by three `` wise men from the east '' ( magi ) , ginger was the gift of one wise man ( magus ) who was unable to complete the journey to Bethlehem .", "As he was lingering in his last days in a city in Syria , the magus gave his chest of ginger roots to the Rabbi who had kindly cared for him in his illness .", "The Rabbi told him of the prophesies of the great King who was to come to the Jews , one of which was that He would be born in Bethlehem , which , in Hebrew , meant `` House of Bread '' .", "The Rabbi was accustomed to having his young students make houses of bread to eat over time to nourish the hope for their Messiah .", "The Magus suggested adding ground - up ginger to the bread for zest and flavor .", "Gingerbread , as we know it today , descends from Medieval European culinary traditions .", "Gingerbread was also shaped into different forms by monks in Franconia , Germany in the 13th century .", "Lebkuchen bakers are recorded as early as 1296 in Ulm and 1395 in Nuremberg , Germany .", "Nuremberg was recognized as the `` Gingerbread Capital of the World '' when in the 1600s the guild started to employ master bakers and skilled workers to create complicated works of art from gingerbread .", "Medieval bakers used carved boards to create elaborate designs .", "During the 13th century , the custom spread across Europe .", "It was taken to Sweden in the 13th century by German immigrants ; there are references from Vadstena Abbey of Swedish nuns baking gingerbread to ease indigestion in 1444 .", "The traditional sweetener is honey , used by the guild in Nuremberg .", "Spices used are ginger , cinnamon , cloves , nutmeg and cardamom .", "Gingerbread figurines date back to the 15th century , and figural biscuit - making was practised in the 16th century .", "The first documented instance of figure - shaped gingerbread biscuits is from the court of Elizabeth I of England : she had gingerbread figures made in the likeness of some of her important guests ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It is believed gingerbread was first baked in Europe at the end of the 11th century, when returning crusaders brought back the custom of spicy bread from the Middle East. Also, according to the French legend, gingerbread was brought to Europe in 992 by the Armenian monk, later saint, Gregory of Nicopolis (Gregory Makar). According to another legend, the Rabbi told the prophesies of the great King who was to come to the Jews, one of which was that He would be born in Bethlehem, which, in Hebrew, meant `` House of Bread ''. The wise man Magus suggested adding ground - up ginger to the bread for zest and flavor. The Rabbi was accustomed to having his young students make houses of bread to eat over time to nourish the hope for their Messiah.", "selected_sentences": [ "It is believed gingerbread was first baked in Europe at the end of the 11th century , when returning crusaders brought back the custom of spicy bread from the Middle East .", "According to the French legend , gingerbread was brought to Europe in 992 by the Armenian monk , later saint , Gregory of Nicopolis ( Gregory Makar ) .", "According to the legend , attested to in a Greek document from the 8th century , of presumed Irish origin and translated into Latin with the title Collectanea et Flores , in addition to gold , frankincense , and myrrh , given as gifts by three `` wise men from the east '' ( magi ) , ginger was the gift of one wise man ( magus ) who was unable to complete the journey to Bethlehem .", "The Rabbi told him of the prophesies of the great King who was to come to the Jews , one of which was that He would be born in Bethlehem , which , in Hebrew , meant `` House of Bread '' .", "The Rabbi was accustomed to having his young students make houses of bread to eat over time to nourish the hope for their Messiah .", "The Magus suggested adding ground - up ginger to the bread for zest and flavor ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Gone with the Wind (film)", "text": "The film received its world television premiere on the HBO cable network on June 11 , 1976 , and played on the channel for a total of fourteen times throughout the rest of the month . It made its network television debut in November later that year : NBC paid $5 million for a one - off airing , and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings . It became at that time the highest - rated television program ever presented on a single network , watched by 47.5 percent of the households sampled in America , and 65 percent of television viewers , still the record for the highest rated film to ever air on television . In 1978 , CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years . Turner Entertainment acquired the MGM film library in 1986 , but the deal did not include the television rights to Gone with the Wind , which were still held by CBS . A deal was struck in which the rights were returned to Turner Entertainment and CBS 's broadcast rights to The Wizard of Oz were extended . It was used to launch two cable channels owned by Turner Broadcasting System : Turner Network Television ( 1988 ) and Turner Classic Movies ( 1994 ) . It debuted on videocassette in March 1985 , where it placed second in the sales charts , and has since been released on DVD and Blu - ray Disc formats . ", "sentences": [ "The film received its world television premiere on the HBO cable network on June 11 , 1976 , and played on the channel for a total of fourteen times throughout the rest of the month .", "It made its network television debut in November later that year : NBC paid $5 million for a one - off airing , and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings .", "It became at that time the highest - rated television program ever presented on a single network , watched by 47.5 percent of the households sampled in America , and 65 percent of television viewers , still the record for the highest rated film to ever air on television .", "In 1978 , CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years .", "Turner Entertainment acquired the MGM film library in 1986 , but the deal did not include the television rights to Gone with the Wind , which were still held by CBS .", "A deal was struck in which the rights were returned to Turner Entertainment and CBS 's broadcast rights to The Wizard of Oz were extended .", "It was used to launch two cable channels owned by Turner Broadcasting System : Turner Network Television ( 1988 ) and Turner Classic Movies ( 1994 ) .", "It debuted on videocassette in March 1985 , where it placed second in the sales charts , and has since been released on DVD and Blu - ray Disc formats ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "It made its network television debut in November later that year: NBC paid $5 million for a one-off airing, and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings.\r\nIn 1978, CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years.", "selected_sentences": [ "It made its network television debut in November later that year : NBC paid $5 million for a one - off airing , and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings .", "In 1978 , CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The film received its world television premiere on the HBO cable network on June 11, 1976, and it made its network television debut in November later that year: NBC paid $5 million for a one-off airing, and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings. In 1978, CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years.", "selected_sentences": [ "The film received its world television premiere on the HBO cable network on June 11 , 1976 , and played on the channel for a total of fourteen times throughout the rest of the month .", "It made its network television debut in November later that year : NBC paid $5 million for a one - off airing , and it was broadcast in two parts on successive evenings .", "In 1978 , CBS signed a deal worth $35 million to broadcast the film twenty times over as many years ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of the Great Wall of China", "text": "One of the first mentions of a wall built against northern invaders is found in a poem , dated from the seventh century BC , recorded in the Classic of Poetry . The poem tells of a king , now identified as King Xuan ( r . 827 -- 782 BC ) of the Western Zhou dynasty ( 1046 -- 771 BC ) , who commanded General Nan Zhong ( 南仲 ) to build a wall in the northern regions to fend off the Xianyun . The Xianyun , whose base of power was in the Ordos region , were regarded as part of the charioteering Rong tribes , and their attacks aimed at the early Zhou capital region of Haojing were probably the reason for King Xuan 's response . Nan Zhong 's campaign was recorded as a great victory . However , only a few years later in 771 BC another branch of the Rong people , the Quanrong , responded to a summons by the renegade Marquess of Shen by over-running the Zhou defences and laying waste to the capital . The cataclysmic event killed King Xuan 's successor King You ( 795 -- 771 BC ) , forced the court to move the capital east to Chengzhou ( 成 周 , later known as Luoyang ) a year later , and thus ushered in the Eastern Zhou dynasty ( 770 -- 256 BC ) . Most importantly , the fall of Western Zhou redistributed power to the states that had acknowledged Zhou 's nominal rulership . The rule of the Eastern Zhou dynasty was marked by bloody interstate anarchy . With smaller states being annexed and larger states waging constant war upon one another , many rulers came to feel the need to erect walls to protect their borders . Of the earliest textual reference to such a wall was the State of Chu 's wall of 656 BC , 1,400 metres ( 4,600 feet ) of which were excavated in southern Henan province in the modern era . The State of Qi also had fortified borders up by the 7th century BC , and the extant portions in Shandong province had been christened the Great Wall of Qi . The State of Wei built two walls , the western one completed in 361 BC and the eastern in 356 BC , with the extant western wall found in Hancheng , Shaanxi . Even non-Chinese peoples built walls , such as the Di state of Zhongshan and the Yiqu Rong ( 義 渠 ) , whose walls were intended to defend against the State of Qin . ", "sentences": [ "One of the first mentions of a wall built against northern invaders is found in a poem , dated from the seventh century BC , recorded in the Classic of Poetry .", "The poem tells of a king , now identified as King Xuan ( r .", "827 -- 782 BC ) of the Western Zhou dynasty ( 1046 -- 771 BC ) , who commanded General Nan Zhong ( 南仲 ) to build a wall in the northern regions to fend off the Xianyun .", "The Xianyun , whose base of power was in the Ordos region , were regarded as part of the charioteering Rong tribes , and their attacks aimed at the early Zhou capital region of Haojing were probably the reason for King Xuan 's response .", "Nan Zhong 's campaign was recorded as a great victory .", "However , only a few years later in 771 BC another branch of the Rong people , the Quanrong , responded to a summons by the renegade Marquess of Shen by over-running the Zhou defences and laying waste to the capital .", "The cataclysmic event killed King Xuan 's successor King You ( 795 -- 771 BC ) , forced the court to move the capital east to Chengzhou ( 成 周 , later known as Luoyang ) a year later , and thus ushered in the Eastern Zhou dynasty ( 770 -- 256 BC ) .", "Most importantly , the fall of Western Zhou redistributed power to the states that had acknowledged Zhou 's nominal rulership .", "The rule of the Eastern Zhou dynasty was marked by bloody interstate anarchy .", "With smaller states being annexed and larger states waging constant war upon one another , many rulers came to feel the need to erect walls to protect their borders .", "Of the earliest textual reference to such a wall was the State of Chu 's wall of 656 BC , 1,400 metres ( 4,600 feet ) of which were excavated in southern Henan province in the modern era .", "The State of Qi also had fortified borders up by the 7th century BC , and the extant portions in Shandong province had been christened the Great Wall of Qi .", "The State of Wei built two walls , the western one completed in 361 BC and the eastern in 356 BC , with the extant western wall found in Hancheng , Shaanxi .", "Even non-Chinese peoples built walls , such as the Di state of Zhongshan and the Yiqu Rong ( 義 渠 ) , whose walls were intended to defend against the State of Qin ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "One of the first mentions of a wall built against northern invaders is found in a poem, dated from the seventh century BC. However, the State of Wei built two walls, the western one completed in 361 BC and the eastern in 356 BC.", "selected_sentences": [ "One of the first mentions of a wall built against northern invaders is found in a poem , dated from the seventh century BC , recorded in the Classic of Poetry .", "The State of Wei built two walls , the western one completed in 361 BC and the eastern in 356 BC , with the extant western wall found in Hancheng , Shaanxi ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "With smaller states being annexed and larger states waging constant war upon one another , many rulers came to feel the need to erect walls to protect their borders. Of the earliest textual reference to such a wall was the State of Chu 's wall of 656 BC. The State of Qi also had fortified borders up by the 7th century BC , and the extant portions in Shandong province had been christened the Great Wall of Qi .", "selected_sentences": [ "With smaller states being annexed and larger states waging constant war upon one another , many rulers came to feel the need to erect walls to protect their borders .", "Of the earliest textual reference to such a wall was the State of Chu 's wall of 656 BC , 1,400 metres ( 4,600 feet ) of which were excavated in southern Henan province in the modern era .", "The State of Qi also had fortified borders up by the 7th century BC , and the extant portions in Shandong province had been christened the Great Wall of Qi ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Greg Heffley", "text": "Greg Heffley is mischievous , lazy , paranoid , egotistical , and dishonest . He is known to become jealous easily . He also tends to be a poor friend , something even he agrees on . He dislikes taking blame , and attempts to twist any situation he can in his favor , so that he may go up his `` popularity ladder . '' He becomes his own worst enemy . Despite all of these negative traits , he has displayed a kinder side . Throughout the series , Greg 's schemes to gain popularity in his middle school , and acquire money which always backfire . ", "sentences": [ "Greg Heffley is mischievous , lazy , paranoid , egotistical , and dishonest .", "He is known to become jealous easily .", "He also tends to be a poor friend , something even he agrees on .", "He dislikes taking blame , and attempts to twist any situation he can in his favor , so that he may go up his `` popularity ladder . ''", "He becomes his own worst enemy .", "Despite all of these negative traits , he has displayed a kinder side .", "Throughout the series , Greg 's schemes to gain popularity in his middle school , and acquire money which always backfire ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Greg Heffley is mischievous, lazy, paranoid, egotistical and dishonest. Despite all of these negative traits, he has displayed a kinder side. Throughout the series, Greg's schemes to gain popularity in his middle school, and acquire money which always backfire.", "selected_sentences": [ "Greg Heffley is mischievous , lazy , paranoid , egotistical , and dishonest .", "Despite all of these negative traits , he has displayed a kinder side .", "Throughout the series , Greg 's schemes to gain popularity in his middle school , and acquire money which always backfire ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Greg Heffley is mischievous , lazy , paranoid , egotistical , and dishonest . He is known to become jealous easily . He also tends to be a poor friend , something even he agrees on . He dislikes taking blame , and attempts to twist any situation he can in his favor. Despite all of these negative traits , he has displayed a kinder side . Throughout the series , Greg 's schemes to gain popularity in his middle school , and acquire money which always backfire .", "selected_sentences": [ "Greg Heffley is mischievous , lazy , paranoid , egotistical , and dishonest .", "He is known to become jealous easily .", "He also tends to be a poor friend , something even he agrees on .", "He dislikes taking blame , and attempts to twist any situation he can in his favor , so that he may go up his `` popularity ladder . ''", "Despite all of these negative traits , he has displayed a kinder side .", "Throughout the series , Greg 's schemes to gain popularity in his middle school , and acquire money which always backfire ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Grand Trunk Road", "text": "Research indicates that the Grand Trunk road predated even Buddha 's birth and was called Uttara Path , meaning , road to the North . Salman Rashid attributes the Road 's construction to Chandragupta Maurya . During the time of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE , overland trade between India and several parts of Western Asia and the Hellenistic world went through the cities of the north - west , primarily Takshashila ( in present - day in Pakistan ) . Takshashila was well connected by roads with other parts of the Maurya empire . The Mauryas had maintained this very ancient highway from Takshashila to Pataliputra ( present - day Patna in India ) . Chandragupta Maurya had a whole army of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as told by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court . Constructed in eight stages , this road is said to have connected the cities of Purushapura , Takshashila , Hastinapura , Kanyakubja , Prayag , Pataliputra and Tamralipta , a distance of around 2600 kilometers . Travelers ", "sentences": [ "Research indicates that the Grand Trunk road predated even Buddha 's birth and was called Uttara Path , meaning , road to the North .", "Salman Rashid attributes the Road 's construction to Chandragupta Maurya .", "During the time of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE , overland trade between India and several parts of Western Asia and the Hellenistic world went through the cities of the north - west , primarily Takshashila ( in present - day in Pakistan ) .", "Takshashila was well connected by roads with other parts of the Maurya empire .", "The Mauryas had maintained this very ancient highway from Takshashila to Pataliputra ( present - day Patna in India ) .", "Chandragupta Maurya had a whole army of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as told by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court .", "Constructed in eight stages , this road is said to have connected the cities of Purushapura , Takshashila , Hastinapura , Kanyakubja , Prayag , Pataliputra and Tamralipta , a distance of around 2600 kilometers .", "Travelers" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Salman Rashid attributes the Road 's construction to Chandragupta Maurya . Chandragupta Maurya had a whole army of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as told by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court .", "selected_sentences": [ "Salman Rashid attributes the Road 's construction to Chandragupta Maurya .", "Chandragupta Maurya had a whole army of officials overseeing the maintenance of this road as told by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes who spent fifteen years at the Mauryan court ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Cashew", "text": "The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing - glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple . The drupe develops first on the tree , and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew apple . Within the true fruit is a single seed , which is often considered a nut , in the culinary sense . The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin , anacardic acid , a potent skin irritant chemically related to the better - known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy . Properly roasting cashews destroys the toxin , but it must be done outdoors as the smoke ( not unlike that from burning poison ivy ) contains urushiol droplets which can cause severe , sometimes life - threatening , reactions by irritating the lungs . People who are allergic to cashew ( or poison ivy ) urushiols may cross-react to mango or pistachio which are also in the Anacardiaceae family . Some people are allergic to cashews , but cashews are a less frequent allergen than tree nuts or peanuts . ", "sentences": [ "The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing - glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple .", "The drupe develops first on the tree , and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew apple .", "Within the true fruit is a single seed , which is often considered a nut , in the culinary sense .", "The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin , anacardic acid , a potent skin irritant chemically related to the better - known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy .", "Properly roasting cashews destroys the toxin , but it must be done outdoors as the smoke ( not unlike that from burning poison ivy ) contains urushiol droplets which can cause severe , sometimes life - threatening , reactions by irritating the lungs .", "People who are allergic to cashew ( or poison ivy ) urushiols may cross-react to mango or pistachio which are also in the Anacardiaceae family .", "Some people are allergic to cashews , but cashews are a less frequent allergen than tree nuts or peanuts ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing - glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid.", "selected_sentences": [ "The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing - glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple .", "The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing an allergenic phenolic resin , anacardic acid , a potent skin irritant chemically related to the better - known allergenic oil urushiol which is also a toxin found in the related poison ivy ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)", "text": "Principal photography for all three films was conducted concurrently in many locations within New Zealand 's conservation areas and national parks . Filming took place between 11 October 1999 and 22 December 2000 , a period of 438 days . Pick - up shoots were conducted annually from 2001 to 2003 . The series was shot at over 150 different locations , with seven different units shooting , as well as soundstages around Wellington and Queenstown . Along with Jackson directing the whole production , other unit directors included John Mahaffie , Geoff Murphy , Fran Walsh , Barrie Osbourne , Rick Porras , and any other assistant director , producer , or writer available . Jackson monitored these units with live satellite feeds , and with the added pressure of constant script re-writes and the multiple units interpreting his envisioned result , he only got around four hours of sleep a night . Due to the remoteness of some of the locations , the crew would also bring survival kits in case helicopters could not reach the location to bring them home in time . The New Zealand Department of Conservation was criticised for approving the filming within national parks without adequate consideration of the adverse environmental effects and without public notification . The adverse effects of filming battle scenes in Tongariro National Park meant that the park later required restoration work . ", "sentences": [ "Principal photography for all three films was conducted concurrently in many locations within New Zealand 's conservation areas and national parks .", "Filming took place between 11 October 1999 and 22 December 2000 , a period of 438 days .", "Pick - up shoots were conducted annually from 2001 to 2003 .", "The series was shot at over 150 different locations , with seven different units shooting , as well as soundstages around Wellington and Queenstown .", "Along with Jackson directing the whole production , other unit directors included John Mahaffie , Geoff Murphy , Fran Walsh , Barrie Osbourne , Rick Porras , and any other assistant director , producer , or writer available .", "Jackson monitored these units with live satellite feeds , and with the added pressure of constant script re-writes and the multiple units interpreting his envisioned result , he only got around four hours of sleep a night .", "Due to the remoteness of some of the locations , the crew would also bring survival kits in case helicopters could not reach the location to bring them home in time .", "The New Zealand Department of Conservation was criticised for approving the filming within national parks without adequate consideration of the adverse environmental effects and without public notification .", "The adverse effects of filming battle scenes in Tongariro National Park meant that the park later required restoration work ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Principal photography for all three Lord of the Rings films was conducted concurrently in many locations within New Zealand's conservation areas and national parks. The series was shot at over 150 different locations, as well as soundstages around Wellington and Queenstown.", "selected_sentences": [ "Principal photography for all three films was conducted concurrently in many locations within New Zealand 's conservation areas and national parks .", "The series was shot at over 150 different locations , with seven different units shooting , as well as soundstages around Wellington and Queenstown ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Iravukku Aayiram Kangal", "text": "Roopala and Vasanth are arrested for the whole conspiracy and Bharath is released and he marries Suseela . It is here that a major twist arrives in the form of writer Vyjayanthi who has been following Maya 's murder closely . She calls Bharath requesting his permission to write a book based on this event and tells that she made few changes in the plot . Bharath is shocked by that and Vyjayanthi narrates the changed plot where , in his desperate desire for Suseela , Ganesh films her also nude and threatens her . When Bharath comes to know of this in addition to Roopala 's video , he decides to confront Ganesh and erase both the videos . Meanwhile , Maya comes to know that Ganesh is after Suseela when he is already seeing Anitha , so she also does her part in threatening Ganesh to split the shares into three instead of two and if he fails to do so , she will tell Anitha about Suseela . When Bharath and Suseela go to Ganesh 's house to erase the videos , Maya tries to attack Bharath , and Suseela ends up killing Maya . They erase the videos and leave the crime scene that day . When Bharath finds that Murugesan had taken the murder weapon by mistake , he gets it from him and plants it in Ganesh 's car and frames him for Maya 's murder . This is Vyjayanthi 's version of the plot but Bharath refuses to agree to it and requests her to find an alternative . Later , it is shown that when Bharath visits Vyjayanthi , he finds that she is also murdered , implying that Vyjayanthi 's version of the story may be true and it is left to the audience as to who is Vyjayanthi 's murderer . ", "sentences": [ "Roopala and Vasanth are arrested for the whole conspiracy and Bharath is released", "and he marries Suseela .", "It is here that a major twist arrives in the form of writer Vyjayanthi who has been following Maya 's murder closely .", "She calls Bharath requesting his permission to write a book based on this event and tells that she made few changes in the plot .", "Bharath is shocked by that and Vyjayanthi narrates the changed plot where , in his desperate desire for Suseela , Ganesh films her also nude and threatens her .", "When Bharath comes to know of this in addition to Roopala 's video , he decides to confront Ganesh and erase both the videos .", "Meanwhile , Maya comes to know that Ganesh is after Suseela when he is already seeing Anitha , so she also does her part in threatening Ganesh to split the shares into three instead of two", "and if he fails to do so , she will tell Anitha about Suseela .", "When Bharath and Suseela go to Ganesh 's house to erase the videos , Maya tries to attack Bharath , and Suseela ends up killing Maya .", "They erase the videos and leave the crime scene that day .", "When Bharath finds that Murugesan had taken the murder weapon by mistake , he gets it from him and plants it in Ganesh 's car and frames him for Maya 's murder .", "This is Vyjayanthi 's version of the plot but Bharath refuses to agree to it and requests her to find an alternative .", "Later , it is shown that when Bharath visits Vyjayanthi , he finds that she is also murdered , implying that Vyjayanthi 's version of the story may be true and it is left to the audience as to who is Vyjayanthi 's murderer ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "When Bharath visits writer Vyjayanthi, he finds that she is also murdered, implying that Vyjayanthi's version of the story may be true and it is left to the audience as to who is Vyjayanthi's murderer.", "selected_sentences": [ "It is here that a major twist arrives in the form of writer Vyjayanthi who has been following Maya 's murder closely .", "Later , it is shown that when Bharath visits Vyjayanthi , he finds that she is also murdered , implying that Vyjayanthi 's version of the story may be true and it is left to the audience as to who is Vyjayanthi 's murderer ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "The Skin of Our Teeth", "text": "Act one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age . The father is inventing things such as the lever , the wheel , the alphabet , and multiplication tables . The family ( the Antrobuses ) and the entire north - eastern U.S. face extinction by a wall of ice moving southward from Canada . The story is introduced by a narrator and further expanded by the family maid , Sabina . There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible . In addition , time is compressed and scrambled to such an extent that the refugees who arrive at the Antrobus house seeking food and fire include the Old Testament prophet Moses , the ancient Greek poet Homer , and women who are identified as Muses . ", "sentences": [ "Act one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age .", "The father is inventing things such as the lever , the wheel , the alphabet , and multiplication tables .", "The family ( the Antrobuses ) and the entire north - eastern U.S. face extinction by a wall of ice moving southward from Canada .", "The story is introduced by a narrator and further expanded by the family maid , Sabina .", "There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible .", "In addition , time is compressed and scrambled to such an extent that the refugees who arrive at the Antrobus house seeking food and fire include the Old Testament prophet Moses , the ancient Greek poet Homer , and women who are identified as Muses ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Act one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age. The family (the Antrobuses) and the entire north-eastern U.S. face extinction. There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible. Refugees who arrive at the Antrobus house seeking food and fire include the Old Testament prophet Moses, the ancient Greek poet Homer, and women who are identified as Muses.", "selected_sentences": [ "Act one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age .", "The family ( the Antrobuses ) and the entire north - eastern U.S. face extinction by a wall of ice moving southward from Canada .", "There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Act one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age . The father is inventing things such as the lever , the wheel , the alphabet , and multiplication tables . The family ( the Antrobuses ) and the entire north - eastern U.S. face extinction by a wall of ice moving southward from Canada . There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible . In addition , time is compressed and scrambled to such an extent that the refugees who arrive at the Antrobus house seeking food and fire include the Old Testament prophet Moses , the ancient Greek poet Homer , and women who are identified as Muses .", "selected_sentences": [ "Act one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age .", "The father is inventing things such as the lever , the wheel , the alphabet , and multiplication tables .", "The family ( the Antrobuses ) and the entire north - eastern U.S. face extinction by a wall of ice moving southward from Canada .", "There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible .", "In addition , time is compressed and scrambled to such an extent that the refugees who arrive at the Antrobus house seeking food and fire include the Old Testament prophet Moses , the ancient Greek poet Homer , and women who are identified as Muses ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Glass (surname)", "text": "Glass or Glaß is a surname with two main sources . First , it is a Jewish surname , adopted by some Eastern European Ashkenazi in the nineteenth century . After being forced by the authorities to take on a surname , Jews in this area typically chose names referring to places , animals , occupations or signifying personal traits . The name Glass referred to Glass - making , Glazing and the Glass trade . Second , it is a Scottish surname from the Gaelic word glas , meaning grey - and was originally used as a nickname for someone with grey hair . ", "sentences": [ "Glass or Glaß is a surname with two main sources .", "First , it is a Jewish surname , adopted by some Eastern European Ashkenazi in the nineteenth century .", "After being forced by the authorities to take on a surname , Jews in this area typically chose names referring to places , animals , occupations or signifying personal traits .", "The name Glass referred to Glass - making , Glazing and the Glass trade .", "Second , it is a Scottish surname from the Gaelic word glas , meaning grey - and was originally used as a nickname for someone with grey hair ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Glass or Glaß is a surname with two main sources. First, it is a Jewish surname, adopted by some Eastern European Ashkenazi in the nineteenth century. Second, it is a Scottish surname from the Gaelic word glas, meaning grey - and was originally used as a nickname for someone with grey hair.", "selected_sentences": [ "Glass or Glaß is a surname with two main sources .", "First , it is a Jewish surname , adopted by some Eastern European Ashkenazi in the nineteenth century .", "Second , it is a Scottish surname from the Gaelic word glas , meaning grey - and was originally used as a nickname for someone with grey hair ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Glass is a surname with two main sources. First , it is a Jewish surname , adopted by some Eastern European Ashkenazi in the nineteenth century. It referred to Glass - making , Glazing and the Glass trade. Second , it is a Scottish surname from the Gaelic word glas , meaning grey - and was originally used as a nickname for someone with grey hair .", "selected_sentences": [ "Glass or Glaß is a surname with two main sources .", "First , it is a Jewish surname , adopted by some Eastern European Ashkenazi in the nineteenth century .", "The name Glass referred to Glass - making , Glazing and the Glass trade .", "Second , it is a Scottish surname from the Gaelic word glas , meaning grey - and was originally used as a nickname for someone with grey hair ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Hip hop", "text": "The South Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the 1960s and 1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by the Ghetto Brothers , a Puerto Rican group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group . Members of the scene plugged in the amplifiers for their instruments and PA speakers into the lampposts on 163rd Street and Prospect Avenue and used their live music events to break down racial barriers between African - Americans , Puerto Ricans , Whites and other ethnic groups . Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music . At 1520 Sedgwick Avenue , Herc mixed samples of existing records and deejayed percussion `` breaks '' , mixing this music with his own Jamaican - style `` toasting '' ( a style of chanting and boastful talking over a microphone ) to rev up the crowd and dancers . Kool Herc is credited as the `` father '' of hip hop for developing the key DJ techniques that , along with rapping , founded the hip hop music style by creating rhythmic beats by looping `` breaks '' ( small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern ) on two turntables . This was later accompanied by `` rapping '' or `` MCing '' and beatboxing . An original form of dancing called breakdancing , which later became accompanied by popping , locking and other dance moves , which was done to the accompaniment of hip hop songs played on boom boxes and particular fashion styles also developed . ", "sentences": [ "The South Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the 1960s and 1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by the Ghetto Brothers , a Puerto Rican group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group .", "Members of the scene plugged in the amplifiers for their instruments and PA speakers into the lampposts on 163rd Street and Prospect Avenue and used their live music events to break down racial barriers between African - Americans , Puerto Ricans , Whites and other ethnic groups .", "Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc also played a key role in developing hip hop music .", "At 1520 Sedgwick Avenue , Herc mixed samples of existing records and deejayed percussion `` breaks '' , mixing this music with his own Jamaican - style `` toasting '' ( a style of chanting and boastful talking over a microphone ) to rev up the crowd and dancers .", "Kool Herc is credited as the `` father '' of hip hop for developing the key DJ techniques that , along with rapping , founded the hip hop music style by creating rhythmic beats by looping `` breaks '' ( small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern ) on two turntables .", "This was later accompanied by `` rapping '' or `` MCing '' and beatboxing .", "An original form of dancing called breakdancing , which later became accompanied by popping , locking and other dance moves , which was done to the accompaniment of hip hop songs played on boom boxes and particular fashion styles also developed ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The South Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the 1960s and 1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by the Ghetto Brothers, a Puerto Rican group that has been described as being a gang, a club, and a music group .\r\nKool Herc is credited as the `` father '' of hip hop for developing the key DJ techniques that, along with rapping, founded the hip hop music style by creating rhythmic beats by looping `` breaks '' (small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern) on two turntables.", "selected_sentences": [ "The South Bronx hip hop scene emerged in the 1960s and 1970s from neighborhood block parties thrown by the Ghetto Brothers , a Puerto Rican group that has been described as being a gang , a club , and a music group .", "Kool Herc is credited as the `` father '' of hip hop for developing the key DJ techniques that , along with rapping , founded the hip hop music style by creating rhythmic beats by looping `` breaks '' ( small portions of songs emphasizing a percussive pattern ) on two turntables ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard", "text": "Purchase of a GameStop - exclusive Collector 's Edition included an eight - inch model of the Baker mansion , which when opened functions as a music box playing the main theme rendition of `` Go Tell Aunt Rhody '' , a mannequin finger - shaped 4 GB USB flash drive contained within a VHS tape box , a SteelBook Case containing the game , a lithograph of the Baker family , and a note . The UK version added the Survival Pack : Action Set DLC , a 20th anniversary artbook and a seven - inch replica of the mansion , but did not feature the music box . U.S. pre-orders on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One came with a code for a free digital download of Resident Evil : Retribution . A 4D candle with the scent of the Baker House Mansion was made to enhance the virtual reality experience . The Gold Edition , to be released on December 12 , 2017 , will include previously released downloadable content ( DLC ) as well as the upcoming End of Zoe DLC . ", "sentences": [ "Purchase of a GameStop - exclusive Collector 's Edition included an eight - inch model of the Baker mansion , which when opened functions as a music box playing the main theme rendition of `` Go Tell Aunt Rhody '' , a mannequin finger - shaped 4 GB USB flash drive contained within a VHS tape box , a SteelBook Case containing the game , a lithograph of the Baker family , and a note .", "The UK version added the Survival Pack : Action Set DLC , a 20th anniversary artbook and a seven - inch replica of the mansion , but did not feature the music box .", "U.S. pre-orders on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One came with a code for a free digital download of Resident Evil : Retribution .", "A 4D candle with the scent of the Baker House Mansion was made to enhance the virtual reality experience .", "The Gold Edition , to be released on December 12 , 2017 , will include previously released downloadable content ( DLC ) as well as the upcoming End of Zoe DLC ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "U.S. pre-orders on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One came with a code for a free digital download of Resident Evil : Retribution. The Gold Edition will include previously released downloadable content (DLC) as well as the upcoming End of Zoe DLC.", "selected_sentences": [ "U.S. pre-orders on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One came with a code for a free digital download of Resident Evil : Retribution .", "The Gold Edition , to be released on December 12 , 2017 , will include previously released downloadable content ( DLC ) as well as the upcoming End of Zoe DLC ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Neolithic Revolution", "text": "The traditional view is that agricultural food production supported a denser population , which in turn supported larger sedentary communities , the accumulation of goods and tools , and specialization in diverse forms of new labor . The development of larger societies led to the development of different means of decision making and to governmental organization . Food surpluses made possible the development of a social elite who were not otherwise engaged in agriculture , industry or commerce , but dominated their communities by other means and monopolized decision - making . Jared Diamond ( in The World Until Yesterday ) identifies the availability of milk and / or cereal grains as permitting mothers to raise both an older ( e.g. 3 or 4 year old ) child and a younger child concurrently , whereas this was not possible previously . The result is that a population can significantly more - rapidly increase its size than would otherwise be the case , resources permitting . ", "sentences": [ "The traditional view is that agricultural food production supported a denser population , which in turn supported larger sedentary communities , the accumulation of goods and tools , and specialization in diverse forms of new labor .", "The development of larger societies led to the development of different means of decision making and to governmental organization .", "Food surpluses made possible the development of a social elite who were not otherwise engaged in agriculture , industry or commerce , but dominated their communities by other means and monopolized decision - making .", "Jared Diamond ( in The World Until Yesterday ) identifies the availability of milk and / or cereal grains as permitting mothers to raise both an older ( e.g. 3 or 4 year old ) child and a younger child concurrently , whereas this was not possible previously .", "The result is that a population can significantly more - rapidly increase its size than would otherwise be the case , resources permitting ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The traditional view is that agricultural food production supported a denser population , which in turn supported larger sedentary communities , the accumulation of goods and tools , and specialization in diverse forms of new labor . The development of larger societies led to the development of different means of decision making and to governmental organization . Food surpluses made possible the development of a social elite who were not otherwise engaged in agriculture , industry or commerce , but dominated their communities by other means and monopolized decision - making . The result is that a population can significantly more - rapidly increase its size than would otherwise be the case , resources permitting .", "selected_sentences": [ "The traditional view is that agricultural food production supported a denser population , which in turn supported larger sedentary communities , the accumulation of goods and tools , and specialization in diverse forms of new labor .", "The development of larger societies led to the development of different means of decision making and to governmental organization .", "Food surpluses made possible the development of a social elite who were not otherwise engaged in agriculture , industry or commerce , but dominated their communities by other means and monopolized decision - making .", "The result is that a population can significantly more - rapidly increase its size than would otherwise be the case , resources permitting ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "A Boy's Best Friend", "text": "This story is set far in the future when habitation of the Moon has already taken place . Jimmy Anderson is a Moon - born ten - year - old , and he owns a robotic dog named Robutt , whom he comes to love . He can go on the moon freely and securely as he is moon born and has Robutt with him . However , his parents want him to have a real dog , a Scottish Terrier . Since Moon - borns can not visit Earth , his parents bring the dog to the Moon . Jimmy does n't want to part away from Robutt . But since the relationship between Jimmy and Robutt is so close , Jimmy decides not to have the ' living ' dog and keep the ' fake ' dog Robutt instead . ", "sentences": [ "This story is set far in the future when habitation of the Moon has already taken place .", "Jimmy Anderson is a Moon - born ten - year - old , and he owns a robotic dog named Robutt , whom he comes to love .", "He can go on the moon freely and securely as he is moon born and has Robutt with him .", "However , his parents want him to have a real dog , a Scottish Terrier .", "Since Moon - borns can not visit Earth , his parents bring the dog to the Moon .", "Jimmy does n't want to part away from Robutt .", "But since the relationship between Jimmy and Robutt is so close , Jimmy decides not to have the ' living ' dog and keep the ' fake ' dog Robutt instead ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Jimmy Anderson is a Moon-born ten-year-old , and he owns a robotic dog named Robutt, whom he comes to love. Since the relationship between Jimmy and Robutt is so close, Jimmy decides not to have the ' living ' dog and keep the ' fake ' dog Robutt instead.", "selected_sentences": [ "Jimmy Anderson is a Moon - born ten - year - old , and he owns a robotic dog named Robutt , whom he comes to love .", "But since the relationship between Jimmy and Robutt is so close , Jimmy decides not to have the ' living ' dog and keep the ' fake ' dog Robutt instead ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Tsar Bomba", "text": "All buildings in the village of Severny ( both wooden and brick ) , located 55 km ( 34 mi ) from ground zero within the Sukhoy Nos test range , were destroyed . In districts hundreds of kilometers from ground zero wooden houses were destroyed , stone ones lost their roofs , windows , doors , and radio communications were interrupted for almost one hour . One participant in the test saw a bright flash through dark goggles and felt the effects of a thermal pulse even at a distance of 270 kilometres ( 170 mi ) . The heat from the explosion could have caused third - degree burns 100 km ( 62 mi ) away from ground zero . A shock wave was observed in the air at Dikson settlement 700 km ( 430 mi ) away ; windowpanes were partially broken to distances of 900 kilometres ( 560 mi ) . Atmospheric focusing caused blast damage at even greater distances , breaking windows in Norway and Finland . Despite being detonated 4.2 km above ground , its seismic body wave magnitude was estimated at 5 -- 5.25 . Sensors continued to identify the shockwaves after their third trip around the world . ", "sentences": [ "All buildings in the village of Severny ( both wooden and brick ) , located 55 km ( 34 mi ) from ground zero within the Sukhoy Nos test range , were destroyed .", "In districts hundreds of kilometers from ground zero wooden houses were destroyed , stone ones lost their roofs , windows , doors , and radio communications were interrupted for almost one hour .", "One participant in the test saw a bright flash through dark goggles and felt the effects of a thermal pulse even at a distance of 270 kilometres ( 170 mi ) .", "The heat from the explosion could have caused third - degree burns 100 km ( 62 mi ) away from ground zero .", "A shock wave was observed in the air at Dikson settlement 700 km ( 430 mi ) away ; windowpanes were partially broken to distances of 900 kilometres ( 560 mi ) .", "Atmospheric focusing caused blast damage at even greater distances , breaking windows in Norway and Finland .", "Despite being detonated 4.2 km above ground , its seismic body wave magnitude was estimated at 5 -- 5.25 .", "Sensors continued to identify the shockwaves after their third trip around the world ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A shock wave was observed in the air at Dikson settlement 700 km (430 mi) away; windowpanes were partially broken to distances of 900 kilometers (560 mi). Sensors continued to identify the shockwaves after their third trip around the world.", "selected_sentences": [ "A shock wave was observed in the air at Dikson settlement 700 km ( 430 mi ) away ; windowpanes were partially broken to distances of 900 kilometres ( 560 mi ) .", "Sensors continued to identify the shockwaves after their third trip around the world ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Mama and papa", "text": "The basic kinship terms mama and papa are a special case of false cognates . The cross-linguistic similarities between these terms are thought to result from the nature of language acquisition . These words are the first word - like sounds made by babbling babies ( babble words ) , and parents tend to associate the first sound babies make with themselves and to employ them subsequently as part of their baby - talk lexicon . Thus , there is no need to ascribe to common ancestry the similarities of ! Kung ba , Aramaic abba , Mandarin Chinese bàba , Persian baba , and French papa ( all `` father '' ) ; or Navajo amá , Mandarin Chinese māma , Swahili mama , Quechua mama , Polish mama , Romanian mama and English `` mama '' ( all `` mother '' ) . However , some scientists believe that ' ma ' and ' pa ' were among the first words that humans spoke . ", "sentences": [ "The basic kinship terms mama and papa are a special case of false cognates .", "The cross-linguistic similarities between these terms are thought to result from the nature of language acquisition .", "These words are the first word - like sounds made by babbling babies ( babble words ) , and parents tend to associate the first sound babies make with themselves and to employ them subsequently as part of their baby - talk lexicon .", "Thus , there is no need to ascribe to common ancestry the similarities of !", "Kung ba , Aramaic abba , Mandarin Chinese bàba , Persian baba , and French papa ( all `` father '' ) ; or Navajo amá , Mandarin Chinese māma , Swahili mama , Quechua mama , Polish mama , Romanian mama and English `` mama '' ( all `` mother '' ) .", "However , some scientists believe that ' ma ' and ' pa ' were among the first words that humans spoke ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Mama and papa are the first word like sounds made by babbling babies, and parents tend to associate the first sound babies make with themselves and to employ them subsequently as part of their baby - talk lexicon. Some scientists believe that 'ma' and 'pa' were among the first words that humans spoke.", "selected_sentences": [ "These words are the first word - like sounds made by babbling babies ( babble words ) , and parents tend to associate the first sound babies make with themselves and to employ them subsequently as part of their baby - talk lexicon .", "However , some scientists believe that ' ma ' and ' pa ' were among the first words that humans spoke ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Standing committee (United States Congress)", "text": "Most standing committees recommend funding levels -- authorizations -- for government operations and for new and existing programs . A few have other functions . For example , the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs . The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels . Committees also provide oversight of federal agencies and programs . ", "sentences": [ "Most standing committees recommend funding levels -- authorizations -- for government operations and for new and existing programs .", "A few have other functions .", "For example , the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs .", "The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels .", "Committees also provide oversight of federal agencies and programs ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Most standing committees recommend funding levels, for example, the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs and the Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels.", "selected_sentences": [ "Most standing committees recommend funding levels -- authorizations -- for government operations and for new and existing programs .", "For example , the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs .", "The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs . The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels .", "selected_sentences": [ "For example , the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs .", "The Budget Committees establish aggregate levels for total spending and revenue that serve as guidelines for the work of the authorizing and appropriating panels ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Peroxisome", "text": "A peroxisome IPA : ( pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊmz ) is a type of organelle known as a microbody , found in virtually all eukaryotic cells . They are involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids , branched chain fatty acids , D - amino acids , and polyamines , reduction of reactive oxygen species -- specifically hydrogen peroxide -- and biosynthesis of plasmalogens , i.e. , ether phospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs . They also contain approximately 10 % of the total activity of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway , which is important for energy metabolism . It is vigorously debated whether peroxisomes are involved in isoprenoid and cholesterol synthesis in animals . Other known peroxisomal functions include the glyoxylate cycle in germinating seeds ( `` glyoxysomes '' ) , photorespiration in leaves , glycolysis in trypanosomes ( `` glycosomes '' ) , and methanol and / or amine oxidation and assimilation in some yeasts . ", "sentences": [ "A peroxisome IPA : ( pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊmz ) is a type of organelle known as a microbody , found in virtually all eukaryotic cells .", "They are involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids , branched chain fatty acids , D - amino acids , and polyamines , reduction of reactive oxygen species -- specifically hydrogen peroxide -- and biosynthesis of plasmalogens , i.e. , ether phospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs .", "They also contain approximately 10 % of the total activity of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway , which is important for energy metabolism .", "It is vigorously debated whether peroxisomes are involved in isoprenoid and cholesterol synthesis in animals .", "Other known peroxisomal functions include the glyoxylate cycle in germinating seeds ( `` glyoxysomes '' ) , photorespiration in leaves , glycolysis in trypanosomes ( `` glycosomes '' ) , and methanol and / or amine oxidation and assimilation in some yeasts ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "They are involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D - amino acids, and polyamines, reduction of reactive oxygen species -- specifically hydrogen peroxide -- and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, i.e., ether phospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs. It is vigorously debated whether peroxisomes are involved in isoprenoid and cholesterol synthesis in animals.\r\n Other known peroxisomal functions include the glyoxylate cycle in germinating seeds, photorespiration in leaves, glycolysis in trypanosomes, and methanol and / or amine oxidation and assimilation in some yeasts.", "selected_sentences": [ "A peroxisome IPA : ( pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊmz ) is a type of organelle known as a microbody , found in virtually all eukaryotic cells .", "They are involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids , branched chain fatty acids , D - amino acids , and polyamines , reduction of reactive oxygen species -- specifically hydrogen peroxide -- and biosynthesis of plasmalogens , i.e. , ether phospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs .", "It is vigorously debated whether peroxisomes are involved in isoprenoid and cholesterol synthesis in animals .", "Other known peroxisomal functions include the glyoxylate cycle in germinating seeds ( `` glyoxysomes '' ) , photorespiration in leaves , glycolysis in trypanosomes ( `` glycosomes '' ) , and methanol and / or amine oxidation and assimilation in some yeasts ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Baker Mayfield", "text": "Baker Reagan Mayfield ( born April 14 , 1995 ) is an American football quarterback for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) . Mayfield began his college football career as a walk - on player for the Texas Tech Red Raiders . He is notable for being the first walk - on true freshman quarterback to start a season opener at a BCS school . Mayfield transferred from Texas Tech to Oklahoma following alleged scholarship issues and a lack of communication with coaches . After sitting out the 2014 season due to NCAA transfer rules , Mayfield won the starting quarterback job in 2015 . Mayfield won several awards for his performance as a senior in 2017 , including the Heisman Trophy , Maxwell Award , Walter Camp Award , and unanimous All - America recognition . He was drafted by the Browns first overall in the 2018 NFL Draft . In his first NFL appearance , Mayfield led Cleveland to their first win in 19 games , ending a 635 day winless streak . ", "sentences": [ "Baker Reagan Mayfield ( born April 14 , 1995 ) is an American football quarterback for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League ( NFL ) .", "Mayfield began his college football career as a walk - on player for the Texas Tech Red Raiders .", "He is notable for being the first walk - on true freshman quarterback to start a season opener at a BCS school .", "Mayfield transferred from Texas Tech to Oklahoma following alleged scholarship issues and a lack of communication with coaches .", "After sitting out the 2014 season due to NCAA transfer rules , Mayfield won the starting quarterback job in 2015 .", "Mayfield won several awards for his performance as a senior in 2017 , including the Heisman Trophy , Maxwell Award , Walter Camp Award , and unanimous All - America recognition .", "He was drafted by the Browns first overall in the 2018 NFL Draft .", "In his first NFL appearance , Mayfield led Cleveland to their first win in 19 games , ending a 635 day winless streak ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Baker Mayfield began his college football career as a walk - on player for the Texas Tech Red Raiders, and then he transferred from Texas Tech to Oklahoma.", "selected_sentences": [ "Mayfield began his college football career as a walk - on player for the Texas Tech Red Raiders .", "Mayfield transferred from Texas Tech to Oklahoma following alleged scholarship issues and a lack of communication with coaches ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Carbon monoxide poisoning", "text": "Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur accidentally or as an attempt to end one 's life . CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating . It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter . This can occur from motor vehicles , heaters , or cooking equipment that run on carbon - based fuels . It can also occur from exposure to methylene chloride . Carbon monoxide primarily causes adverse effects by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin ( HbCO ) preventing the blood from carrying oxygen . Additionally , myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase are affected . Diagnosis is based on a HbCO level of more than 3 % among nonsmokers and more than 10 % among smokers . ", "sentences": [ "Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur accidentally or as an attempt to end one 's life .", "CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating .", "It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter .", "This can occur from motor vehicles , heaters , or cooking equipment that run on carbon - based fuels .", "It can also occur from exposure to methylene chloride .", "Carbon monoxide primarily causes adverse effects by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin ( HbCO ) preventing the blood from carrying oxygen .", "Additionally , myoglobin and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase are affected .", "Diagnosis is based on a HbCO level of more than 3 % among nonsmokers and more than 10 % among smokers ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating. It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter. This can occur from motor vehicles, heaters, or cooking equipment that run on carbon based fuels. Carbon monoxide primarily causes adverse effects by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) preventing the blood from carrying oxygen.", "selected_sentences": [ "CO is a colorless and odorless gas which is initially non-irritating .", "It is produced during incomplete burning of organic matter .", "This can occur from motor vehicles , heaters , or cooking equipment that run on carbon - based fuels .", "Carbon monoxide primarily causes adverse effects by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin ( HbCO ) preventing the blood from carrying oxygen ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Everything Has Changed", "text": "It was reported that English singer - songwriter Ed Sheeran would appear as a guest artist on American recording artist Taylor Swift 's then - upcoming album Red . On October 18 , 2012 , `` Everything Has Changed '' by Swift featuring Sheeran was leaked online . The song was written by Swift and Sheeran in Swift 's backyard . `` Everything Has Changed '' is a guitar ballad , blending folk - pop genres . Written in the key of G - flat major , it has a moderate tempo of 84 beats per minute . The duo 's vocal range spans from G ♭ to D ♭ . Lyrically , the track talks about `` wanting to get to know a new lover better '' . Swift further explained the song 's theme , `` Everything looks different to you because of this one person , because one new person came into your life . It 's really cool '' . ", "sentences": [ "It was reported that English singer - songwriter Ed Sheeran would appear as a guest artist on American recording artist Taylor Swift 's then - upcoming album Red .", "On October 18 , 2012 , `` Everything Has Changed '' by Swift featuring Sheeran was leaked online .", "The song was written by Swift and Sheeran in Swift 's backyard .", "`` Everything Has Changed '' is a guitar ballad , blending folk - pop genres .", "Written in the key of G - flat major , it has a moderate tempo of 84 beats per minute .", "The duo 's vocal range spans from G ♭ to D ♭ .", "Lyrically , the track talks about `` wanting to get to know a new lover better '' .", "Swift further explained the song 's theme , `` Everything looks different to you because of this one person , because one new person came into your life .", "It 's really cool '' ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The song was written by Swift and Sheeran in Swift's backyard, lyrically, the track talks about ``wanting to get to know a new lover better''. Swift further explained the song's theme, ``Everything looks different to you because of this one person, because one new person came into your life.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "The song was written by Swift and Sheeran in Swift 's backyard .", "Lyrically , the track talks about `` wanting to get to know a new lover better '' .", "Swift further explained the song 's theme , `` Everything looks different to you because of this one person , because one new person came into your life ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Lyrically , the track talks about `` wanting to get to know a new lover better '' . Swift further explained the song 's theme , `` Everything looks different to you because of this one person , because one new person came into your life .", "selected_sentences": [ "Lyrically , the track talks about `` wanting to get to know a new lover better '' .", "Swift further explained the song 's theme , `` Everything looks different to you because of this one person , because one new person came into your life ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (film)", "text": "The film was shot over a four - week period for an estimated budget of under $5 million . Principal photography began on June 13 , 2014 , in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ; they started filming high school scenes on June 16 . Cinematographer Chung - hoon Chung shot the film digitally using Arri Alexa cameras with prime and anamorphic lenses in a widescreen 2.35 : 1 aspect ratio . A Pittsburgh native , writer Jesse Andrews ' family home in Point Breeze was used as Greg 's house in the film . Rachel 's house was located in Squirrel Hill , and Earl 's house was in Braddock . Other locations included Schenley High School ( closed since 2008 ) , The Andy Warhol Museum , Copacetic Comics in Polish Hill , and a street corner in West Oakland , which served as an ice cream shop . The Criterion Collection lent its library of classic films for use in the book - and - DVD store in the film . ", "sentences": [ "The film was shot over a four - week period for an estimated budget of under $5 million .", "Principal photography began on June 13 , 2014 , in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ; they started filming high school scenes on June 16 .", "Cinematographer Chung - hoon Chung shot the film digitally using Arri Alexa cameras with prime and anamorphic lenses in a widescreen 2.35 : 1 aspect ratio .", "A Pittsburgh native , writer Jesse Andrews ' family home in Point Breeze was used as Greg 's house in the film .", "Rachel 's house was located in Squirrel Hill , and Earl 's house was in Braddock .", "Other locations included Schenley High School ( closed since 2008 ) , The Andy Warhol Museum , Copacetic Comics in Polish Hill , and a street corner in West Oakland , which served as an ice cream shop .", "The Criterion Collection lent its library of classic films for use in the book - and - DVD store in the film ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Me and Earl and the Dying Girl was filmed in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania; in Point Breeze; Schenley High School ( closed since 2008 ) , The Andy Warhol Museum , Copacetic Comics in Polish Hill , and a street corner in West Oakland.", "selected_sentences": [ "Principal photography began on June 13 , 2014 , in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ; they started filming high school scenes on June 16 .", "A Pittsburgh native , writer Jesse Andrews ' family home in Point Breeze was used as Greg 's house in the film .", "Other locations included Schenley High School ( closed since 2008 ) , The Andy Warhol Museum , Copacetic Comics in Polish Hill , and a street corner in West Oakland , which served as an ice cream shop ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War", "text": "The role of the United States in the Vietnam War began after World War II and escalated into full commitment during the Vietnam War from 1955 to 1975 . The U.S. involvement in South Vietnam stemmed from 20 long years of political and economic action . These had the common incentive of ending the growing communist domination in Vietnam . At the time , French forces , allies of the U.S. , were backed by America -- President Harry S. Truman provided progressively increasing amounts of financial and military assistance to French forces fighting in Vietnam . From the spring of 1950 , their involvement increased from just assisting French troops to providing direct military assistance to the associated states ( Vietnam , Laos , Cambodia ) . Eventually , U.S. missions were carried out at a more constant rate by sending out increasing number of military assistance from the United States . Their main intent was to restrict the Communist domination that was present in the government of Vietnam as it would soon lead to a chain of neighbouring countries adopting the same . This would have resulted in a change in balance of power throughout Southeast Asia . The U.S. foreign policy establishment saw national security interests being disturbed due to the rise of this communist expansion and strived to take any measure to end it . Their actions came to be questioned by other segments of government and society , however , including the US congress. . ", "sentences": [ "The role of the United States in the Vietnam War began after World War II and escalated into full commitment during the Vietnam War from 1955 to 1975 .", "The U.S. involvement in South Vietnam stemmed from 20 long years of political and economic action .", "These had the common incentive of ending the growing communist domination in Vietnam .", "At the time , French forces , allies of the U.S. , were backed by America -- President Harry S. Truman provided progressively increasing amounts of financial and military assistance to French forces fighting in Vietnam .", "From the spring of 1950 , their involvement increased from just assisting French troops to providing direct military assistance to the associated states ( Vietnam , Laos , Cambodia ) .", "Eventually , U.S. missions were carried out at a more constant rate by sending out increasing number of military assistance from the United States .", "Their main intent was to restrict the Communist domination that was present in the government of Vietnam as it would soon lead to a chain of neighbouring countries adopting the same .", "This would have resulted in a change in balance of power throughout Southeast Asia .", "The U.S. foreign policy establishment saw national security interests being disturbed due to the rise of this communist expansion and strived to take any measure to end it .", "Their actions came to be questioned by other segments of government and society , however , including the US congress. ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Their main intent was to restrict the Communist domination that was present in the government of Vietnam as it would soon lead to a chain of neighbouring countries adopting the same .\r\nThe U.S. foreign policy establishment saw national security interests being disturbed due to the rise of this communist expansion and strived to take any measure to end it.", "selected_sentences": [ "Their main intent was to restrict the Communist domination that was present in the government of Vietnam as it would soon lead to a chain of neighbouring countries adopting the same .", "The U.S. foreign policy establishment saw national security interests being disturbed due to the rise of this communist expansion and strived to take any measure to end it ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Eventually , U.S. missions were carried out at a more constant rate by sending out increasing number of military assistance from the United States . Their main intent was to restrict the Communist domination that was present in the government of Vietnam as it would soon lead to a chain of neighbouring countries adopting the same . The U.S. foreign policy establishment saw national security interests being disturbed due to the rise of this communist expansion and strived to take any measure to end it.", "selected_sentences": [ "Eventually , U.S. missions were carried out at a more constant rate by sending out increasing number of military assistance from the United States .", "Their main intent was to restrict the Communist domination that was present in the government of Vietnam as it would soon lead to a chain of neighbouring countries adopting the same .", "The U.S. foreign policy establishment saw national security interests being disturbed due to the rise of this communist expansion and strived to take any measure to end it ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Supreme Leader Snoke", "text": "Supreme Leader Snoke is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise . He is a CGI character voiced and performed by Andy Serkis . Introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars : The Force Awakens , Snoke is the Supreme Leader of the First Order , a military junta resurrected from the fallen Galactic Empire , which seeks to reclaim control of the galaxy . Powerful with the Force , he seduces Ben Solo to the dark side by telling him that he can be the next Darth Vader , and Solo serves him as the commander Kylo Ren . In Star Wars : The Last Jedi ( 2017 ) , Ren assassinates Snoke , replacing him as Supreme Leader . ", "sentences": [ "Supreme Leader Snoke is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise .", "He is a CGI character voiced and performed by Andy Serkis .", "Introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars : The Force Awakens , Snoke is the Supreme Leader of the First Order , a military junta resurrected from the fallen Galactic Empire , which seeks to reclaim control of the galaxy .", "Powerful with the Force , he seduces Ben Solo to the dark side by telling him that he can be the next Darth Vader , and Solo serves him as the commander Kylo Ren .", "In Star Wars : The Last Jedi ( 2017 ) , Ren assassinates Snoke , replacing him as Supreme Leader ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Supreme Leader Snoke is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. Powerful with the Force, he seduces Ben Solo to the dark side by telling him that he can be the next Darth Vader. In Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Ren assassinates Snoke, replacing him as Supreme Leader.", "selected_sentences": [ "Supreme Leader Snoke is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise .", "Powerful with the Force , he seduces Ben Solo to the dark side by telling him that he can be the next Darth Vader , and Solo serves him as the commander Kylo Ren .", "In Star Wars : The Last Jedi ( 2017 ) , Ren assassinates Snoke , replacing him as Supreme Leader ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "Flag of Puerto Rico", "text": "In 1952 , Governor Luis Muñoz Marín and his administration adopted the Puerto Rican flag which was originally designed in 1892 , and proclaimed it the official flag of Puerto Rico . The official adaptation of the flag has been interpreted by some as a ploy by Muñoz Marin to neutralize the independence movement in his own party . There were some differences between the original flag of 1892 and the one of 1952 and the meaning of the colors was officially changed . Now the white bars stood for the republican form of government , rather than representing the victory and peace that Puerto Ricans were supposed to have after gaining independence . The sky - blue of the triangle in the original flag was changed to dark blue , resembling that of the flag of the United States , to keep it distanced from its revolutionary roots . For nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos , having the flag represent the government was a desecration , while the independence party accused the government of `` corrupting beloved symbols '' . In 1995 , the government of Puerto Rico began to use the sky - blue version once more . The government of Puerto Rico issued a regulation in regard to the use of the Puerto Rican flag titled : `` Reglamento sobre el Uso en Puerto Rico de la Bandera del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico ; Reglamento Núm. 5282 . '' ( Regulations in regard to the use in Puerto Rico of the flag of Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ; Regulation No. 5282 ) . In the regulation 's `` Artículo 2 : Definiciones '' and `` Artículo 2 : Descripción y simbolismo '' ( Article 2 : Description and Article 2 : Description and symbolism ) the government specifies the colors to be used but does not specify any official color tones or shades and as such it is not unusual to see the flag with either tone of blue flown in official settings in Puerto Rico . ", "sentences": [ "In 1952 , Governor Luis Muñoz Marín and his administration adopted the Puerto Rican flag which was originally designed in 1892 , and proclaimed it the official flag of Puerto Rico .", "The official adaptation of the flag has been interpreted by some as a ploy by Muñoz Marin to neutralize the independence movement in his own party .", "There were some differences between the original flag of 1892 and the one of 1952 and the meaning of the colors was officially changed .", "Now the white bars stood for the republican form of government , rather than representing the victory and peace that Puerto Ricans were supposed to have after gaining independence .", "The sky - blue of the triangle in the original flag was changed to dark blue , resembling that of the flag of the United States , to keep it distanced from its revolutionary roots .", "For nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos , having the flag represent the government was a desecration , while the independence party accused the government of `` corrupting beloved symbols '' .", "In 1995 , the government of Puerto Rico began to use the sky - blue version once more .", "The government of Puerto Rico issued a regulation in regard to the use of the Puerto Rican flag titled : `` Reglamento sobre el Uso en Puerto Rico de la Bandera del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico ; Reglamento Núm. 5282 . ''", "( Regulations in regard to the use in Puerto Rico of the flag of Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ; Regulation No. 5282 ) .", "In the regulation 's `` Artículo 2 : Definiciones '' and `` Artículo 2 : Descripción y simbolismo '' ( Article 2 : Description and Article 2 : Description and symbolism ) the government specifies the colors to be used but does not specify any official color tones or shades and as such it is not unusual to see the flag with either tone of blue flown in official settings in Puerto Rico ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The meaning of the colors was officially changed in 1952. Now the white bars stood for the republican form of government, rather than representing the victory and peace that Puerto Ricans were supposed to have after gaining independence. The sky - blue of the triangle in the original flag was changed to dark blue, resembling that of the flag of the United States. In 1995, the government of Puerto Rico began to use the sky - blue version once more.", "selected_sentences": [ "There were some differences between the original flag of 1892 and the one of 1952 and the meaning of the colors was officially changed .", "Now the white bars stood for the republican form of government , rather than representing the victory and peace that Puerto Ricans were supposed to have after gaining independence .", "The sky - blue of the triangle in the original flag was changed to dark blue , resembling that of the flag of the United States , to keep it distanced from its revolutionary roots .", "In 1995 , the government of Puerto Rico began to use the sky - blue version once more ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Economy of the Bahamas", "text": "The Bahamas is a stable , developing nation in the Caribbean with a population of 391,232 ( 2016 ) and an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking . Steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels , resorts , and residences had led to solid GDP growth for many years , but the slowdown in the US economy and the attacks of September 11 , 2001 held back growth in these sectors in 2001 - 03 . Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy , accounting for about 15 % of GDP . However , since December 2000 , when the government enacted new regulations on the financial sector , many international businesses have left the Bahamas . Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately 10 % of GDP and show little growth , despite government incentives for those sectors . Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector , which depends on growth in the US , the source of more than 80 % of the visitors . In addition to tourism and banking , the government supports the development of a `` 2nd - pillar '' , e-commerce . ", "sentences": [ "The Bahamas is a stable , developing nation in the Caribbean with a population of 391,232 ( 2016 ) and an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking .", "Steady growth in tourism receipts and a boom in construction of new hotels , resorts , and residences had led to solid GDP growth for many years , but the slowdown in the US economy and the attacks of September 11 , 2001 held back growth in these sectors in 2001 - 03 .", "Financial services constitute the second-most important sector of the Bahamian economy , accounting for about 15 % of GDP .", "However , since December 2000 , when the government enacted new regulations on the financial sector , many international businesses have left the Bahamas .", "Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately 10 % of GDP and show little growth , despite government incentives for those sectors .", "Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector , which depends on growth in the US , the source of more than 80 % of the visitors .", "In addition to tourism and banking , the government supports the development of a `` 2nd - pillar '' , e-commerce ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The Bahamas is an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking . Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately 10 % of GDP and show little growth , despite government incentives for those sectors . Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector , which depends on growth in the US , the source of more than 80 % of the visitors . In addition to tourism and banking , the government supports the development of a `` 2nd - pillar '' , e-commerce .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Bahamas is a stable , developing nation in the Caribbean with a population of 391,232 ( 2016 ) and an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking .", "Manufacturing and agriculture together contribute approximately 10 % of GDP and show little growth , despite government incentives for those sectors .", "Overall growth prospects in the short run rest heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector , which depends on growth in the US , the source of more than 80 % of the visitors .", "In addition to tourism and banking , the government supports the development of a `` 2nd - pillar '' , e-commerce ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of the Constitution of the Roman Republic", "text": "By 287 BC , the economic condition of the average Plebeian had become poor , and the result was the final Plebeian secession . The Plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill , and to end the secession , a Dictator named Quintus Hortensius was appointed . Hortensius , a Plebeian , passed a law called the `` Hortensian Law '' ( Lex Hortensia ) , which ended the requirement that an auctoritas patrum be passed before any bill could be considered by either the Plebeian Council or the Tribal Assembly . The requirement was not changed for the Centuriate Assembly . The importance of the Hortensian Law was in that it removed from the senate its final check over the Plebeian Council ( the principal popular assembly ) . It should therefore not be viewed as the final triumph of democracy over aristocracy , since , through the Tribunes , the senate could still control the Plebeian Council . Thus , the ultimate significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the Patricians of their final weapon over the Plebeians . The result was that the ultimate control over the state fell , not onto the shoulders of democracy , but onto the shoulders of the new Patricio - Plebeian aristocracy . ", "sentences": [ "By 287 BC , the economic condition of the average Plebeian had become poor , and the result was the final Plebeian secession .", "The Plebeians seceded to the Janiculum hill , and to end the secession , a Dictator named Quintus Hortensius was appointed .", "Hortensius , a Plebeian , passed a law called the `` Hortensian Law '' ( Lex Hortensia ) , which ended the requirement that an auctoritas patrum be passed before any bill could be considered by either the Plebeian Council or the Tribal Assembly .", "The requirement was not changed for the Centuriate Assembly .", "The importance of the Hortensian Law was in that it removed from the senate its final check over the Plebeian Council ( the principal popular assembly ) .", "It should therefore not be viewed as the final triumph of democracy over aristocracy , since , through the Tribunes , the senate could still control the Plebeian Council .", "Thus , the ultimate significance of this law was in the fact that it robbed the Patricians of their final weapon over the Plebeians .", "The result was that the ultimate control over the state fell , not onto the shoulders of democracy , but onto the shoulders of the new Patricio - Plebeian aristocracy ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Hortensius, a Plebeian, passed a law called the ``Hortensian Law'' which ended the requirement that an auctoritas patrum be passed before any bill could be considered by either the Plebeian Council or the Tribal Assembly. The result was that the ultimate control over the state fell, not onto the shoulders of democracy, but onto the shoulders of the new Patricio - Plebeian aristocracy.", "selected_sentences": [ "Hortensius , a Plebeian , passed a law called the `` Hortensian Law '' ( Lex Hortensia ) , which ended the requirement that an auctoritas patrum be passed before any bill could be considered by either the Plebeian Council or the Tribal Assembly .", "The result was that the ultimate control over the state fell , not onto the shoulders of democracy , but onto the shoulders of the new Patricio - Plebeian aristocracy ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Tashan-e-Ishq", "text": "The story follows the life of Twinkle and Yuvraaj . Twinkle is madly in love with Yuvraj , despite their mothers being arch - rivals . However , Yuvraj is deceiving Twinkle and seeks to destroy her for his mother . Twinkle chooses family over love and marries Kunj , a wealthy man who frequently comes to her rescue . Yuvraj becomes obsessed and tries to disrupt Twinkle 's married life , but the newlyweds manage to save their Tashan - e-shaadi ( marriage ) and gradually grow closer and fall in love . When Yuvraj 's life is saved by Twinkle , he has a change of heart and helps the couple from the plots of his mother , Anita , who is sent to jail . Twinkle is pregnant when Kunj gets into an accident and is declared dead . For the sake of the child , Twinkle 's mother decides to marry her to Yuvraj , who is in love with Twinkle but sensitive of her heartbreak . Kunj , who is still alive and has undergone reconstructive surgery due to the accident , returns to his house and is shocked to see Yuvraj and Twinkle married . He leaves , swearing revenge . Five years later , Twinkle has lost her child but is still married to Yuvraj and unaware of his unconditional love for her . Kunj has become a successful international boxer and continues to plot revenge , and becomes suspected by Twinkle and Yuvraj . Twinkle leads him to confess that he is Kunj , but has no idea what to do about her husbands . Twinkle decides to live alone and study , demanding space from Kunj and Yuvraj , but they both find ways to get closer . Kunj becomes a boxing teacher at the school in order to help Twinkle gain admission , while Yuvraj wears a disguise to befriend her . Eventually , Twinkle becomes closer to Kunj , and despite Yuvraj 's renewed interference , Twinkle decides to remarry Kunj . Yuvraj plots with Kunj 's doctor and former - conspirator , Pallavi , to frame Kunj for murder , but both Kunj and Twinkle are charged . A new character , Simple , works with a remorseful Yuvraj to prove the couple 's innocence . In the course of this , Yuvraj and Simple fall in love , but need Twinkle and Kunj to point this out to them . Twinkle and Yuvraj convince their mothers to end the feud , and there are happy marriages of Twinkle and Kunj , Yuvraj and Simple . ", "sentences": [ "The story follows the life of Twinkle and Yuvraaj .", "Twinkle is madly in love with Yuvraj , despite their mothers being arch - rivals .", "However , Yuvraj is deceiving Twinkle and seeks to destroy her for his mother .", "Twinkle chooses family over love and marries Kunj , a wealthy man who frequently comes to her rescue .", "Yuvraj becomes obsessed and tries to disrupt Twinkle 's married life , but the newlyweds manage to save their Tashan - e-shaadi ( marriage ) and gradually grow closer and fall in love .", "When Yuvraj 's life is saved by Twinkle , he has a change of heart and helps the couple from the plots of his mother , Anita , who is sent to jail .", "Twinkle is pregnant when Kunj gets into an accident and is declared dead .", "For the sake of the child , Twinkle 's mother decides to marry her to Yuvraj , who is in love with Twinkle but sensitive of her heartbreak .", "Kunj , who is still alive and has undergone reconstructive surgery due to the accident , returns to his house and is shocked to see Yuvraj and Twinkle married .", "He leaves , swearing revenge .", "Five years later , Twinkle has lost her child but is still married to Yuvraj and unaware of his unconditional love for her .", "Kunj has become a successful international boxer and continues to plot revenge , and becomes suspected by Twinkle and Yuvraj .", "Twinkle leads him to confess that he is Kunj , but has no idea what to do about her husbands .", "Twinkle decides to live alone and study , demanding space from Kunj and Yuvraj , but they both find ways to get closer .", "Kunj becomes a boxing teacher at the school in order to help Twinkle gain admission , while Yuvraj wears a disguise to befriend her .", "Eventually , Twinkle becomes closer to Kunj , and despite Yuvraj 's renewed interference , Twinkle decides to remarry Kunj .", "Yuvraj plots with Kunj 's doctor and former - conspirator , Pallavi , to frame Kunj for murder , but both Kunj and Twinkle are charged .", "A new character , Simple , works with a remorseful Yuvraj to prove the couple 's innocence .", "In the course of this , Yuvraj and Simple fall in love , but need Twinkle and Kunj to point this out to them .", "Twinkle and Yuvraj convince their mothers to end the feud , and there are happy marriages of Twinkle and Kunj , Yuvraj and Simple ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Twinkle chooses family over love and marries Kunj. Twinkle is pregnant when Kunj gets into an accident and is declared dead. Kunj, who is still alive and has undergone reconstructive surgery due to the accident, returns to his house and is shocked to see Twinkle married Yuvraj. Eventually , Twinkle becomes closer to Kunj, Twinkle decides to remarry Kunj. Yuvraj falls in love with Simple. There are happy marriages of Twinkle and Kunj, Yuvraj and Simple.", "selected_sentences": [ "Twinkle chooses family over love and marries Kunj , a wealthy man who frequently comes to her rescue .", "Twinkle is pregnant when Kunj gets into an accident and is declared dead .", "Kunj , who is still alive and has undergone reconstructive surgery due to the accident , returns to his house and is shocked to see Yuvraj and Twinkle married .", "Eventually , Twinkle becomes closer to Kunj , and despite Yuvraj 's renewed interference , Twinkle decides to remarry Kunj .", "In the course of this , Yuvraj and Simple fall in love , but need Twinkle and Kunj to point this out to them ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Twinkle married Kunj and was pregnant when Kunj got into an accident and was declared dead. Kunj, who was still alive and had a reconstructive surgery due to the accident, returned to his house and was shocked to see Twinkle married Yuvraj. Eventually , Twinkle became closer to Kunj and decided to remarry Kunj.", "selected_sentences": [ "Twinkle chooses family over love and marries Kunj , a wealthy man who frequently comes to her rescue .", "Twinkle is pregnant when Kunj gets into an accident and is declared dead .", "Kunj , who is still alive and has undergone reconstructive surgery due to the accident , returns to his house and is shocked to see Yuvraj and Twinkle married .", "Eventually , Twinkle becomes closer to Kunj , and despite Yuvraj 's renewed interference , Twinkle decides to remarry Kunj ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "List of the oldest Scout groups", "text": "There are records of Boy Scouts and Scouting groups from 1900 . The Boys ' Brigade began its Scouting scheme in 1906 . Scouting is usually considered to have started on 1 August 1907 with a camp run by Robert Baden - Powell on Brownsea Island . Thereafter the publishers C. Arthur Pearson Limited and Baden - Powell began promoting Scouting in Britain , and Scouting for Boys was published , initially in six fortnightly installments from January 1908 and then in complete book form . The book was followed by The Scout magazine from April 1908 . Boys began forming Scout patrols and flooding the C. Arthur Pearson Limited 's Scout office and Baden - Powell with requests for assistance . ", "sentences": [ "There are records of Boy Scouts and Scouting groups from 1900 .", "The Boys ' Brigade began its Scouting scheme in 1906 .", "Scouting is usually considered to have started on 1 August 1907 with a camp run by Robert Baden - Powell on Brownsea Island .", "Thereafter the publishers C. Arthur Pearson Limited and Baden - Powell began promoting Scouting in Britain , and Scouting for Boys was published , initially in six fortnightly installments from January 1908 and then in complete book form .", "The book was followed by The Scout magazine from April 1908 .", "Boys began forming Scout patrols and flooding the C. Arthur Pearson Limited 's Scout office and Baden - Powell with requests for assistance ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "There are records of Boy Scouts and Scouting groups from 1900. Scouting is usually considered to have started on 1 August, 1907, with a camp run by Robert Baden-Powell on Brownsea Island.", "selected_sentences": [ "There are records of Boy Scouts and Scouting groups from 1900 .", "Scouting is usually considered to have started on 1 August 1907 with a camp run by Robert Baden - Powell on Brownsea Island ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946, 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Testosterone", "text": "Growth of spermatogenic tissue in testicles , male fertility , penis or clitoris enlargement , increased libido and frequency of erection or clitoral engorgement . Growth of jaw , brow , chin , nose , and remodeling of facial bone contours , in conjunction with human growth hormone . Completion of bone maturation and termination of growth . This occurs indirectly via estradiol metabolites and hence more gradually in men than women . Increased muscle strength and mass , shoulders become broader and rib cage expands , deepening of voice , growth of the Adam 's apple . Enlargement of sebaceous glands . This might cause acne , subcutaneous fat in face decreases . Pubic hair extends to thighs and up toward umbilicus , development of facial hair ( sideburns , beard , moustache ) , loss of scalp hair ( androgenetic alopecia ) , increase in chest hair , periareolar hair , perianal hair , leg hair , armpit hair . ", "sentences": [ "Growth of spermatogenic tissue in testicles , male fertility , penis or clitoris enlargement , increased libido and frequency of erection or clitoral engorgement .", "Growth of jaw , brow , chin , nose , and remodeling of facial bone contours , in conjunction with human growth hormone .", "Completion of bone maturation and termination of growth .", "This occurs indirectly via estradiol metabolites and hence more gradually in men than women .", "Increased muscle strength and mass , shoulders become broader and rib cage expands , deepening of voice , growth of the Adam 's apple .", "Enlargement of sebaceous glands .", "This might cause acne , subcutaneous fat in face decreases .", "Pubic hair extends to thighs and up toward umbilicus , development of facial hair ( sideburns , beard , moustache ) , loss of scalp hair ( androgenetic alopecia ) , increase in chest hair , periareolar hair , perianal hair , leg hair , armpit hair ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Growth of spermatogenic tissue in testicles, male fertility, penis or clitoris enlargement, increased libido and frequency of erection or clitoral engorgement.\r\n Growth of jaw, brow, chin, nose, and remodeling of facial bone contours, in conjunction with human growth hormone.\r\nIncreased muscle strength and mass, shoulders become broader and rib cage expands, deepening of voice, growth of the Adam 's apple.\r\n Enlargement of sebaceous glands .\r\nPubic hair extends to thighs and up toward umbilicus, development of facial hair (sideburns, beard, moustache), loss of scalp hair (androgenetic alopecia) , increase in chest hair, periareolar hair, perianal hair, leg hair, armpit hair.", "selected_sentences": [ "Growth of spermatogenic tissue in testicles , male fertility , penis or clitoris enlargement , increased libido and frequency of erection or clitoral engorgement .", "Growth of jaw , brow , chin , nose , and remodeling of facial bone contours , in conjunction with human growth hormone .", "Increased muscle strength and mass , shoulders become broader and rib cage expands , deepening of voice , growth of the Adam 's apple .", "Enlargement of sebaceous glands .", "Pubic hair extends to thighs and up toward umbilicus , development of facial hair ( sideburns , beard , moustache ) , loss of scalp hair ( androgenetic alopecia ) , increase in chest hair , periareolar hair , perianal hair , leg hair , armpit hair ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "General of the Army (United States)", "text": "General of the Army ( abbreviated as GA ) is a five - star general officer and the second highest possible rank in the United States Army . A General of the Army ranks immediately above a general and is equivalent to a Fleet Admiral and a General of the Air Force . There is no established equivalent five - star rank in the other federal uniformed services ( Marine Corps , Coast Guard , United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps ) . Often called a `` five - star general '' , the rank of General of the Army has historically been reserved for wartime use and is not currently active in the U.S. military . The General of the Army insignia consisted of five 3 / 8th inch stars in a pentagonal pattern , with points touching . The insignia is paired with the gold and enameled United States Coat of Arms on service coat shoulder loops . The silver colored five - star metal insignia alone would be worn for use as a collar insignia of grade and on the garrison cap . Soft shoulder epaulettes with five 7 / 16th inch stars in silver thread and gold - threaded United States Coat of Arms on green cloth were worn with shirts and sweaters . ", "sentences": [ "General of the Army ( abbreviated as GA ) is a five - star general officer and the second highest possible rank in the United States Army .", "A General of the Army ranks immediately above a general and is equivalent to a Fleet Admiral and a General of the Air Force .", "There is no established equivalent five - star rank in the other federal uniformed services ( Marine Corps , Coast Guard , United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps ) .", "Often called a `` five - star general '' , the rank of General of the Army has historically been reserved for wartime use and is not currently active in the U.S. military .", "The General of the Army insignia consisted of five 3 / 8th inch stars in a pentagonal pattern , with points touching .", "The insignia is paired with the gold and enameled United States Coat of Arms on service coat shoulder loops .", "The silver colored five - star metal insignia alone would be worn for use as a collar insignia of grade and on the garrison cap .", "Soft shoulder epaulettes with five 7 / 16th inch stars in silver thread and gold - threaded United States Coat of Arms on green cloth were worn with shirts and sweaters ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "General of the Army (GA) is a five - star general officer and the second highest possible rank in the United States Army. A General of the Army ranks immediately above a general and is equivalent to a Fleet Admiral and a General of the Air Force. The rank of General of the Army has historically been reserved for wartime use and is not currently active in the U.S. military.", "selected_sentences": [ "General of the Army ( abbreviated as GA ) is a five - star general officer and the second highest possible rank in the United States Army .", "A General of the Army ranks immediately above a general and is equivalent to a Fleet Admiral and a General of the Air Force .", "Often called a `` five - star general '' , the rank of General of the Army has historically been reserved for wartime use and is not currently active in the U.S. military ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Lumen (unit)", "text": "The light output of projectors ( including video projectors ) is typically measured in lumens . A standardized procedure for testing projectors has been established by the American National Standards Institute , which involves averaging together several measurements taken at different positions . For marketing purposes , the luminous flux of projectors that have been tested according to this procedure may be quoted in `` ANSI lumens '' , to distinguish them from those tested by other methods . ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry . This allows projectors to be more easily compared on the basis of their brightness specifications . ", "sentences": [ "The light output of projectors ( including video projectors ) is typically measured in lumens .", "A standardized procedure for testing projectors has been established by the American National Standards Institute , which involves averaging together several measurements taken at different positions .", "For marketing purposes , the luminous flux of projectors that have been tested according to this procedure may be quoted in `` ANSI lumens '' , to distinguish them from those tested by other methods .", "ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry .", "This allows projectors to be more easily compared on the basis of their brightness specifications ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A standardized procedure for testing projectors has been established by the American National Standards Institute, which involves averaging together several measurements taken at different positions. ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry.", "selected_sentences": [ "A standardized procedure for testing projectors has been established by the American National Standards Institute , which involves averaging together several measurements taken at different positions .", "ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A standardized procedure for testing projectors has been established by the American National Standards Institute, which involves averaging together several measurements taken at different positions. The luminous flux of projectors that have been tested according to this procedure may be quoted in `` ANSI lumens.'' ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry.", "selected_sentences": [ "A standardized procedure for testing projectors has been established by the American National Standards Institute , which involves averaging together several measurements taken at different positions .", "For marketing purposes , the luminous flux of projectors that have been tested according to this procedure may be quoted in `` ANSI lumens '' , to distinguish them from those tested by other methods .", "ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Political action committee", "text": "In the United States , a political action committee ( PAC ) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates , ballot initiatives , or legislation . The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States . This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States . Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition ( see political finance ) . At the U.S. federal level , an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election , and registers with the Federal Election Commission , according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 ( also known as the McCain - Feingold Act ) . At the state level , an organization becomes a PAC according to the state 's election laws . ", "sentences": [ "In the United States , a political action committee ( PAC ) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates , ballot initiatives , or legislation .", "The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States .", "This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States .", "Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition ( see political finance ) .", "At the U.S. federal level , an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election , and registers with the Federal Election Commission , according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 ( also known as the McCain - Feingold Act ) .", "At the state level , an organization becomes a PAC according to the state 's election laws ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In the United States, a political action committee (PAC) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, and registers with the Federal Election Commission. At the state level, an organization becomes a PAC according to the state's election laws.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the United States , a political action committee ( PAC ) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates , ballot initiatives , or legislation .", "At the U.S. federal level , an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election , and registers with the Federal Election Commission , according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 ( also known as the McCain - Feingold Act ) .", "At the state level , an organization becomes a PAC according to the state 's election laws ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "National identification number", "text": "In the United States , a Selective Service Number must be applied for by all male citizens turning age 18 . An optional national identity number is the Social Security number ( SSN ) , a nine - digit number issued to U.S. citizens , permanent residents , and temporary ( working ) residents . Its purpose was to identify individuals for the purposes of Social Security , but it is now also used to track individuals for taxation purposes . There is no legal requirement to have a SSN if it is not required for Social Security or taxation purposes , but in practice one is required for many other purposes , for example to open a bank account or apply for a driving license , so that nearly all U.S. citizens and permanent residents have one . The SSN has therefore become a de facto national identification number , despite the fact that originally it was expressly not for this purpose , and in fact a valid SSN can be easily guessed , as they are issued serially ", "sentences": [ "In the United States , a Selective Service Number must be applied for by all male citizens turning age 18 .", "An optional national identity number is the Social Security number ( SSN ) , a nine - digit number issued to U.S. citizens , permanent residents , and temporary ( working ) residents .", "Its purpose was to identify individuals for the purposes of Social Security , but it is now also used to track individuals for taxation purposes .", "There is no legal requirement to have a SSN if it is not required for Social Security or taxation purposes , but in practice one is required for many other purposes , for example to open a bank account or apply for a driving license , so that nearly all U.S. citizens and permanent residents have one .", "The SSN has therefore become a de facto national identification number , despite the fact that originally it was expressly not for this purpose , and in fact a valid SSN can be easily guessed , as they are issued serially" ] } ]

[ { "answer": "There is no legal requirement to have a Social Security number if it is not required for Social Security or taxation purposes, however, the SSN has become a de facto national identification number in the United States.", "selected_sentences": [ "In the United States , a Selective Service Number must be applied for by all male citizens turning age 18 .", "There is no legal requirement to have a SSN if it is not required for Social Security or taxation purposes , but in practice one is required for many other purposes , for example to open a bank account or apply for a driving license , so that nearly all U.S. citizens and permanent residents have one .", "The SSN has therefore become a de facto national identification number , despite the fact that originally it was expressly not for this purpose , and in fact a valid SSN can be easily guessed , as they are issued serially" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Social Security number has therefore become a de facto national identification number.", "selected_sentences": [ "An optional national identity number is the Social Security number ( SSN ) , a nine - digit number issued to U.S. citizens , permanent residents , and temporary ( working ) residents .", "Its purpose was to identify individuals for the purposes of Social Security , but it is now also used to track individuals for taxation purposes .", "There is no legal requirement to have a SSN if it is not required for Social Security or taxation purposes , but in practice one is required for many other purposes , for example to open a bank account or apply for a driving license , so that nearly all U.S. citizens and permanent residents have one .", "The SSN has therefore become a de facto national identification number , despite the fact that originally it was expressly not for this purpose , and in fact a valid SSN can be easily guessed , as they are issued serially" ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Warm front", "text": "As the air mass rises into regions of lower pressure , it expands and cools . As it cools , any water vapor that is present will condense and form extensive cloud cover . The first clouds that indicate an approaching warm front tend to be mostly high cirrus at first , changing to cirrostratus as the front approaches . However , if cirrocumulus also appears , there is greater airmass instability approaching ahead of the front . When these high clouds progressively invade the sky and the barometric pressure begins to fall , precipitation associated with the disturbance is likely about 6 to 8 hours away . A thickening and lowering of these high clouds into middle - étage altostratus or altocumulus is a good sign the warm front or low has moved closer and precipitation may begin within less than six hours . Once the clouds have thickened to 2,500 metres ( 8,200 ft ) from the earth 's surface , precipitation can begin to fall from heavy nimbostratus . If unstable altocumulus castellanus accompanies or takes the place of the main altostratus layer , cumulus congestus or cumulonimbus producing showers or thunderstorms may follow . Low stratus and stratocumulus commonly form underneath the main precipitating clouds . ", "sentences": [ "As the air mass rises into regions of lower pressure , it expands and cools .", "As it cools , any water vapor that is present will condense and form extensive cloud cover .", "The first clouds that indicate an approaching warm front tend to be mostly high cirrus at first , changing to cirrostratus as the front approaches .", "However , if cirrocumulus also appears , there is greater airmass instability approaching ahead of the front .", "When these high clouds progressively invade the sky and the barometric pressure begins to fall , precipitation associated with the disturbance is likely about 6 to 8 hours away .", "A thickening and lowering of these high clouds into middle - étage altostratus or altocumulus is a good sign the warm front or low has moved closer and precipitation may begin within less than six hours .", "Once the clouds have thickened to 2,500 metres ( 8,200 ft ) from the earth 's surface , precipitation can begin to fall from heavy nimbostratus .", "If unstable altocumulus castellanus accompanies or takes the place of the main altostratus layer , cumulus congestus or cumulonimbus producing showers or thunderstorms may follow .", "Low stratus and stratocumulus commonly form underneath the main precipitating clouds ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The first clouds that indicate an approaching warm front tend to be mostly high cirrus at first. If cirrocumulus also appears, there is greater airmass instability approaching ahead of the front. When these high clouds progressively invade the sky and the barometric pressure begins to fall, precipitation associated with the disturbance is likely about 6 to 8 hours away. A thickening and lowering of these high clouds into middle - étage altostratus or altocumulus is a good sign the warm front or low has moved closer and precipitation may begin within less than six hours. Once the clouds have thickened to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) from the earth's surface, precipitation can begin to fall from heavy nimbostratus.", "selected_sentences": [ "The first clouds that indicate an approaching warm front tend to be mostly high cirrus at first , changing to cirrostratus as the front approaches .", "However , if cirrocumulus also appears , there is greater airmass instability approaching ahead of the front .", "A thickening and lowering of these high clouds into middle - étage altostratus or altocumulus is a good sign the warm front or low has moved closer and precipitation may begin within less than six hours .", "Once the clouds have thickened to 2,500 metres ( 8,200 ft ) from the earth 's surface , precipitation can begin to fall from heavy nimbostratus ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The first clouds that indicate an approaching warm front tend to be mostly high cirrus at first. A thickening and lowering of these high clouds into middle - étage altostratus or altocumulus is a good sign the warm front or low has moved closer and precipitation may begin within less than six hours.", "selected_sentences": [ "The first clouds that indicate an approaching warm front tend to be mostly high cirrus at first , changing to cirrostratus as the front approaches .", "A thickening and lowering of these high clouds into middle - étage altostratus or altocumulus is a good sign the warm front or low has moved closer and precipitation may begin within less than six hours ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Suzanne (given name)", "text": "Suzanne is a common female given name that was particularly popular in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s . It remained in the top 200 most popular names in the United States between 1930 and the late 1980s . Form of the Hebrew name שׁוֹשַׁנָּה ( Shoshannah ) . This was derived from the Hebrew word שׁוֹשָׁן ( shoshan ) meaning `` lily '' ( in modern Hebrew this also means `` rose '' ) . However , it has also been regularly used in English speaking countries since before the start of the 20th century . It may also be spelled Susanne , and common diminutives are Sue and Suzy . ", "sentences": [ "Suzanne is a common female given name that was particularly popular in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s .", "It remained in the top 200 most popular names in the United States between 1930 and the late 1980s .", "Form of the Hebrew name שׁוֹשַׁנָּה ( Shoshannah ) .", "This was derived from the Hebrew word שׁוֹשָׁן ( shoshan ) meaning `` lily '' ( in modern Hebrew this also means `` rose '' ) .", "However , it has also been regularly used in English speaking countries since before the start of the 20th century .", "It may also be spelled Susanne , and common diminutives are Sue and Suzy ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Suzanne is a common female given name derived from the Hebrew word meaning ``lily''.", "selected_sentences": [ "Suzanne is a common female given name that was particularly popular in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s .", "This was derived from the Hebrew word שׁוֹשָׁן ( shoshan ) meaning `` lily '' ( in modern Hebrew this also means `` rose '' ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Suzanne was derived from the Hebrew word \"shoshan,\" which means \"lily\" or \"rose.\"", "selected_sentences": [ "Suzanne is a common female given name that was particularly popular in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s .", "This was derived from the Hebrew word שׁוֹשָׁן ( shoshan ) meaning `` lily '' ( in modern Hebrew this also means `` rose '' ) ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "We Are the World", "text": "`` We Are the World '' is sung from a first person viewpoint , allowing the audience to `` internalize '' the message by singing the word we together . It has been described as `` an appeal to human compassion '' . The first lines in the song 's repetitive chorus proclaim , `` We are the world , we are the children , we are the ones who make a brighter day , so let 's start giving '' . `` We Are the World '' opens with Lionel Richie , Stevie Wonder , Paul Simon , Kenny Rogers , James Ingram , Tina Turner , and Billy Joel singing the first verse . Michael Jackson and Diana Ross follow , completing the first chorus together . Dionne Warwick , Willie Nelson , and Al Jarreau sing the second verse , before Bruce Springsteen , Kenny Loggins , Steve Perry , and Daryl Hall go through the second chorus . Co-writer Jackson , Huey Lewis , Cyndi Lauper , and Kim Carnes follow with the song 's bridge . This structuring of the song is said to `` create a sense of continuous surprise and emotional buildup '' . `` We Are the World '' concludes with Bob Dylan and Ray Charles singing a full chorus , Wonder and Springsteen duetting , and ad libs from Charles and Ingram . ", "sentences": [ "`` We Are the World '' is sung from a first person viewpoint , allowing the audience to `` internalize '' the message by singing the word we together .", "It has been described as `` an appeal to human compassion '' .", "The first lines in the song 's repetitive chorus proclaim , `` We are the world , we are the children , we are the ones who make a brighter day , so let 's start giving '' .", "`` We Are the World '' opens with Lionel Richie , Stevie Wonder , Paul Simon , Kenny Rogers , James Ingram , Tina Turner , and Billy Joel singing the first verse .", "Michael Jackson and Diana Ross follow , completing the first chorus together .", "Dionne Warwick , Willie Nelson , and Al Jarreau sing the second verse , before Bruce Springsteen , Kenny Loggins , Steve Perry , and Daryl Hall go through the second chorus .", "Co-writer Jackson , Huey Lewis , Cyndi Lauper , and Kim Carnes follow with the song 's bridge .", "This structuring of the song is said to `` create a sense of continuous surprise and emotional buildup '' .", "`` We Are the World '' concludes with Bob Dylan and Ray Charles singing a full chorus , Wonder and Springsteen duetting , and ad libs from Charles and Ingram ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "`` We Are the World '' opens with Lionel Richie , Stevie Wonder , Paul Simon , Kenny Rogers , James Ingram , Tina Turner , and Billy Joel singing the first verse . Dionne Warwick , Willie Nelson , and Al Jarreau sing the second verse.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` We Are the World '' opens with Lionel Richie , Stevie Wonder , Paul Simon , Kenny Rogers , James Ingram , Tina Turner , and Billy Joel singing the first verse .", "Dionne Warwick , Willie Nelson , and Al Jarreau sing the second verse , before Bruce Springsteen , Kenny Loggins , Steve Perry , and Daryl Hall go through the second chorus ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "", "selected_sentences": [], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": true } } ]

[ { "title": "B.Y.O.B. (song)", "text": "`` B.Y.O.B. '' ( `` Bring Your Own Bombs '' ) is a song by Armenian - American alternative metal band System of a Down . It was released in March 2005 as the lead single from their fourth album Mezmerize . Like their earlier song `` Boom ! '' , it was written in protest against the Iraq War . The song reached number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , the band 's highest peak to date on the chart . ", "sentences": [ "`` B.Y.O.B. ''", "( `` Bring Your Own Bombs '' ) is a song by Armenian - American alternative metal band System of a Down .", "It was released in March 2005 as the lead single from their fourth album Mezmerize .", "Like their earlier song `` Boom ! ''", ", it was written in protest against the Iraq War .", "The song reached number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , the band 's highest peak to date on the chart ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "``B.Y.O.B.'' Like the earlier song ``Boom !'' was written in protest against the Iraq War.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` B.Y.O.B. ''", "Like their earlier song `` Boom ! ''", ", it was written in protest against the Iraq War ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "B.Y.O.B. was written in protest against the Iraq War.", "selected_sentences": [ "`` B.Y.O.B. ''", ", it was written in protest against the Iraq War ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "United Kingdom", "text": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) and colloquially Great Britain ( GB ) or simply Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland . Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of 242,500 square kilometres ( 93,600 sq mi ) , the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe . It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union ( EU ) . ", "sentences": [ "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) and colloquially Great Britain ( GB ) or simply Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe .", "Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands .", "Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍ -- ‌the Republic of Ireland .", "Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world .", "The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland .", "With an area of 242,500 square kilometres ( 93,600 sq mi ) , the United Kingdom is the 78th - largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th - largest in Europe .", "It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants .", "Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union ( EU ) ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. The United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west.", "selected_sentences": [ "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) and colloquially Great Britain ( GB ) or simply Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe .", "Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands .", "Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain lies off the north - western coast of the European mainland. It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west.", "selected_sentences": [ "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK ) and colloquially Great Britain ( GB ) or simply Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe .", "Lying off the north - western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north - eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands .", "Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south - south - west , giving it the 12th - longest coastline in the world ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Raggedy Ann", "text": "Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle ( 1880 -- 1938 ) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children . Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and has a triangle nose . Johnny Gruelle received US Patent D47789 for his Raggedy Ann doll on September 7 , 1915 . The character was created in 1915 as a doll , and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories . When a doll was marketed with the book , the concept had great success . A sequel , Raggedy Andy Stories ( 1920 ) , introduced the character of her brother , Raggedy Andy . ", "sentences": [ "Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle ( 1880 -- 1938 ) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children .", "Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and has a triangle nose .", "Johnny Gruelle received US Patent D47789 for his Raggedy Ann doll on September 7 , 1915 .", "The character was created in 1915 as a doll , and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories .", "When a doll was marketed with the book , the concept had great success .", "A sequel , Raggedy Andy Stories ( 1920 ) , introduced the character of her brother , Raggedy Andy ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle, and in a sequel, Raggedy Andy Stories (1920) introduced the character of her brother, Raggedy Andy.", "selected_sentences": [ "Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle ( 1880 -- 1938 ) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children .", "A sequel , Raggedy Andy Stories ( 1920 ) , introduced the character of her brother , Raggedy Andy ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle. Raggedy Andy Stories is the sequel, where the character of her brother, Raggedy Andy was introduced.", "selected_sentences": [ "Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle ( 1880 -- 1938 ) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children .", "A sequel , Raggedy Andy Stories ( 1920 ) , introduced the character of her brother , Raggedy Andy ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Speed of light", "text": "The phase velocity is important in determining how a light wave travels through a material or from one material to another . It is often represented in terms of a refractive index . The refractive index of a material is defined as the ratio of c to the phase velocity v in the material : larger indices of refraction indicate lower speeds . The refractive index of a material may depend on the light 's frequency , intensity , polarization , or direction of propagation ; in many cases , though , it can be treated as a material - dependent constant . The refractive index of air is approximately 1.0003 . Denser media , such as water , glass , and diamond , have refractive indexes of around 1.3 , 1.5 and 2.4 , respectively , for visible light . In exotic materials like Bose -- Einstein condensates near absolute zero , the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second . However , this represents absorption and re-radiation delay between atoms , as do all slower - than - c speeds in material substances . As an extreme example of light `` slowing '' in matter , two independent teams of physicists claimed to bring light to a `` complete standstill '' by passing it through a Bose -- Einstein condensate of the element rubidium , one team at Harvard University and the Rowland Institute for Science in Cambridge , Mass. , and the other at the Harvard -- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , also in Cambridge . However , the popular description of light being `` stopped '' in these experiments refers only to light being stored in the excited states of atoms , then re-emitted at an arbitrarily later time , as stimulated by a second laser pulse . During the time it had `` stopped , '' it had ceased to be light . This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which `` slow '' the speed of light . ", "sentences": [ "The phase velocity is important in determining how a light wave travels through a material or from one material to another .", "It is often represented in terms of a refractive index .", "The refractive index of a material is defined as the ratio of c to the phase velocity v in the material : larger indices of refraction indicate lower speeds .", "The refractive index of a material may depend on the light 's frequency , intensity , polarization , or direction of propagation ; in many cases , though , it can be treated as a material - dependent constant .", "The refractive index of air is approximately 1.0003 .", "Denser media , such as water , glass , and diamond , have refractive indexes of around 1.3 , 1.5 and 2.4 , respectively , for visible light .", "In exotic materials like Bose -- Einstein condensates near absolute zero , the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second .", "However , this represents absorption and re-radiation delay between atoms , as do all slower - than - c speeds in material substances .", "As an extreme example of light `` slowing '' in matter , two independent teams of physicists claimed to bring light to a `` complete standstill '' by passing it through a Bose -- Einstein condensate of the element rubidium , one team at Harvard University and the Rowland Institute for Science in Cambridge , Mass. , and the other at the Harvard -- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , also in Cambridge .", "However , the popular description of light being `` stopped '' in these experiments refers only to light being stored in the excited states of atoms , then re-emitted at an arbitrarily later time , as stimulated by a second laser pulse .", "During the time it had `` stopped , '' it had ceased to be light .", "This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which `` slow '' the speed of light ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In exotic materials like Bose -- Einstein condensates near absolute zero, the effective speed of light may be only a few meters per second. This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which ``slow'' the speed of light.", "selected_sentences": [ "In exotic materials like Bose -- Einstein condensates near absolute zero , the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second .", "This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which `` slow '' the speed of light ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "In exotic materials like Bose -- Einstein condensates near absolute zero , the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second . Light is claimed to be brought to a `` complete standstill '' in a Bose -- Einstein condensate of the element rubidium. Stopping the light is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which `` slow '' the speed of light .", "selected_sentences": [ "In exotic materials like Bose -- Einstein condensates near absolute zero , the effective speed of light may be only a few metres per second .", "As an extreme example of light `` slowing '' in matter , two independent teams of physicists claimed to bring light to a `` complete standstill '' by passing it through a Bose -- Einstein condensate of the element rubidium , one team at Harvard University and the Rowland Institute for Science in Cambridge , Mass. , and the other at the Harvard -- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , also in Cambridge .", "However , the popular description of light being `` stopped '' in these experiments refers only to light being stored in the excited states of atoms , then re-emitted at an arbitrarily later time , as stimulated by a second laser pulse .", "During the time it had `` stopped , '' it had ceased to be light .", "This type of behaviour is generally microscopically true of all transparent media which `` slow '' the speed of light ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Cladogram", "text": "A cladogram ( from Greek clados `` branch '' and gramma `` character '' ) is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms . A cladogram is not , however , an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants , nor does it show how much they have changed ; many evolutionary trees can be inferred from a single cladogram . A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade , a groups of organisms with a last common ancestor . There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines . The lines can be traced back to where they branch off . These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor ( not an actual entity ) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it . This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features , adaptation , and other evolutionary narratives about ancestors . Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters , DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational phylogenetics are now very commonly used in the generation of cladograms , either on their own or in combination with morphology . ", "sentences": [ "A cladogram ( from Greek clados `` branch '' and gramma `` character '' ) is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms .", "A cladogram is not , however , an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants , nor does it show how much they have changed ; many evolutionary trees can be inferred from a single cladogram .", "A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade , a groups of organisms with a last common ancestor .", "There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines .", "The lines can be traced back to where they branch off .", "These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor ( not an actual entity ) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it .", "This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features , adaptation , and other evolutionary narratives about ancestors .", "Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters , DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational phylogenetics are now very commonly used in the generation of cladograms , either on their own or in combination with morphology ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade , a groups of organisms with a last common ancestor .These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor ( not an actual entity ) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it .", "selected_sentences": [ "A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade , a groups of organisms with a last common ancestor .", "These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor ( not an actual entity ) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features , adaptation , and other evolutionary narratives about ancestors .", "selected_sentences": [ "A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade , a groups of organisms with a last common ancestor .", "The lines can be traced back to where they branch off .", "These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor ( not an actual entity ) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it .", "This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features , adaptation , and other evolutionary narratives about ancestors ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Boreal forest of Canada", "text": "Canada 's Boreal forest comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere , mostly north of the 50th parallel . Other countries with boreal forest , also called taiga , include Russia , which contains the majority , the United States in its northernmost state of Alaska , and the Scandinavian or Northern European countries ( e.g. Sweden , Finland , Norway and small regions of Scotland ) . The boreal region in Canada covers almost 60 % of the country 's land area . The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska . The area is dominated by coniferous forests , particularly spruce , interspersed with vast wetlands , mostly bogs and fens . The boreal region of Canada includes eight ecozones . While the biodiversity of regions varies , each ecozone has a characteristic native flora and fauna . ", "sentences": [ "Canada 's Boreal forest comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere , mostly north of the 50th parallel .", "Other countries with boreal forest , also called taiga , include Russia , which contains the majority , the United States in its northernmost state of Alaska , and the Scandinavian or Northern European countries ( e.g. Sweden , Finland , Norway and small regions of Scotland ) .", "The boreal region in Canada covers almost 60 % of the country 's land area .", "The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska .", "The area is dominated by coniferous forests , particularly spruce , interspersed with vast wetlands , mostly bogs and fens .", "The boreal region of Canada includes eight ecozones .", "While the biodiversity of regions varies , each ecozone has a characteristic native flora and fauna ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "Canada's Boreal forest comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere, mostly north of the 50th parallel. The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska.", "selected_sentences": [ "Canada 's Boreal forest comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the Northern Hemisphere , mostly north of the 50th parallel .", "The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska .", "selected_sentences": [ "The Canadian boreal region spans the landscape from the most easterly part of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador to the border between the far northern Yukon and Alaska ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 45676624 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "History of the Islamic Republic of Iran", "text": "In April 2007 , the Tehran police began the most fierce crackdown on `` bad hijab '' in more than a decade . In the capital Tehran thousands of Iranian women were cautioned over their poor Islamic dress and several hundred arrested . In 2011 , an estimated 70,000 police in Tehran alone , patrolled for clothing and hair infractions . As of 2011 , men are barred from wearing necklaces , `` glamorous '' hairstyles , ponytails , and shorts . Neckties are forbidden in the holy city of Qom . After a leading cleric ( Hojatoleslam Gholamreza Hassani ) issued a fatwa against keeping dogs as pets , a crackdown on dog ownership commenced . ", "sentences": [ "In April 2007 , the Tehran police began the most fierce crackdown on `` bad hijab '' in more than a decade .", "In the capital Tehran thousands of Iranian women were cautioned over their poor Islamic dress and several hundred arrested .", "In 2011 , an estimated 70,000 police in Tehran alone , patrolled for clothing and hair infractions .", "As of 2011 , men are barred from wearing necklaces , `` glamorous '' hairstyles , ponytails , and shorts .", "Neckties are forbidden in the holy city of Qom .", "After a leading cleric ( Hojatoleslam Gholamreza Hassani ) issued a fatwa against keeping dogs as pets , a crackdown on dog ownership commenced ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "In April 2007, the Tehran police began the most fierce crackdown on ``bad hijab'' in more than a decade. As of 2011, men are barred from wearing necklaces, ``glamorous'' hairstyles, ponytails, and shorts.", "selected_sentences": [ "In April 2007 , the Tehran police began the most fierce crackdown on `` bad hijab '' in more than a decade .", "As of 2011 , men are barred from wearing necklaces , `` glamorous '' hairstyles , ponytails , and shorts ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46373812, 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Native Hawaiians", "text": "One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 4th century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of wakas , and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300 , who then conquered the original inhabitants . Another is that a single , extended period of settlement populated the islands . Evidence for a Tahitian conquest of the islands include the legends of Hawai ʻiloa and the navigator - priest Pa ʻao , who is said to have made a voyage between Hawaii and the island of `` Kahiki '' ( Fiji ) and introduced many customs . Early historians , such as Fornander and Beckwith , subscribed to this Tahitian invasion theory , but later historians , such as Kirch , do not mention it . King Kalakaua claimed that Pa'ao was from Samoa . ", "sentences": [ "One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 4th century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of wakas , and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300 , who then conquered the original inhabitants .", "Another is that a single , extended period of settlement populated the islands .", "Evidence for a Tahitian conquest of the islands include the legends of Hawai ʻiloa and the navigator - priest Pa ʻao , who is said to have made a voyage between Hawaii and the island of `` Kahiki '' ( Fiji ) and introduced many customs .", "Early historians , such as Fornander and Beckwith , subscribed to this Tahitian invasion theory , but later historians , such as Kirch , do not mention it .", "King Kalakaua claimed that Pa'ao was from Samoa ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 4th century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of wakas, and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300, who then conquered the original inhabitants. King Kalakaua claimed that Pa'ao was from Samoa.", "selected_sentences": [ "One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 4th century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of wakas , and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300 , who then conquered the original inhabitants .", "King Kalakaua claimed that Pa'ao was from Samoa ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 4th century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of wakas , and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300 , who then conquered the original inhabitants . Another is that a single , extended period of settlement populated the islands .", "selected_sentences": [ "One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 4th century from the Marquesas by travelling in groups of wakas , and were followed by Tahitians in AD 1300 , who then conquered the original inhabitants .", "Another is that a single , extended period of settlement populated the islands ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 47200615 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]

[ { "title": "Eiffel Tower", "text": "The tower has three levels for visitors , with restaurants on the first and second levels . The top level 's upper platform is 276 m ( 906 ft ) above the ground -- the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union . Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels . The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps , as is the climb from the first level to the second . Although there is a staircase to the top level , it is usually accessible only by lift . ", "sentences": [ "The tower has three levels for visitors , with restaurants on the first and second levels .", "The top level 's upper platform is 276 m ( 906 ft ) above the ground -- the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union .", "Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels .", "The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps , as is the climb from the first level to the second .", "Although there is a staircase to the top level , it is usually accessible only by lift ." ] } ]

[ { "answer": "The tower has three levels for visitors, with each over 300 steps from ground level to the first level.", "selected_sentences": [ "The tower has three levels for visitors , with restaurants on the first and second levels .", "The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps , as is the climb from the first level to the second ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545976 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": true, "round": 1, "skip": false } }, { "answer": "The tower has three levels for visitors. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift.", "selected_sentences": [ "The tower has three levels for visitors , with restaurants on the first and second levels .", "The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps , as is the climb from the first level to the second .", "Although there is a staircase to the top level , it is usually accessible only by lift ." ], "meta": { "annotator": [ 46545946 ], "has_minimal_answer": false, "non_consecutive": false, "round": 2, "skip": false } } ]