term
stringlengths 1
63
⌀ | category
stringclasses 15
values | label
int64 0
1
| definition
stringlengths 5
3.18k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|
oral and maxillofacial surgery | Biology | 1 | is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face , facial trauma surgery , the oral cavity , head and neck , mouth , and jaws , as well as facial cosmetic surgery . |
palate | Biology | 1 | is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals . It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity . A similar structure is found in crocodilians , but in most other tetrapods , the oral and nasal cavities are not truly separated. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior, bony hard palate and the posterior, fleshy soft palate (or velum). |
palliative care | Biology | 1 | (derived from the Latin root palliare, or "to cloak") is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimizing quality of life and mitigating suffering among people with serious, complex illness. Within the published literature, many definitions of palliative care exist; most notably, the World Health Organization describes palliative care as "an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial, and spiritual." In the past, palliative care was a disease specific approach, but today the World Health Organization takes a more broad approach, that the principles of palliative care should be applied as early as possible to any chronic and ultimately fatal illness. |
palpation | Biology | 1 | is the process of using one's hands to check the body, especially while perceiving/diagnosing a disease or illness. |
pancreas | Biology | 1 | is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates . In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland . The pancreas has both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function. As an endocrine gland , it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels , secreting the hormones insulin , glucagon , somatostatin , and pancreatic polypeptide . As a part of the digestive system, it functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct . This juice contains bicarbonate , which neutralizes acid entering the duodenum from the stomach; and digestive enzymes , which break down carbohydrates , proteins , and fats in food entering the duodenum from the stomach. |
papillary | Biology | 1 | In oncology , papillary refers to neoplasms with projections (" papillae ", from Latin, ' nipple ') that have fibrovascular cores. |
parasitology | Biology | 1 | is the study of parasites , their hosts , and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline , the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields such as cell biology , bioinformatics , biochemistry , molecular biology , immunology , genetics , evolution and ecology . |
parathyroid glands | Biology | 1 | are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods . Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in variable locations. The parathyroid gland produces and secretes parathyroid hormone in response to a low blood calcium, which plays a key role in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. |
plexus | Biology | 1 | A branching network of vessels or nerves. |
quadriplegia | Biology | 1 | Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso; paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. The loss is usually sensory and motor, which means that both sensation and control are lost. The paralysis may be flaccid or spastic . |
radial artery | Biology | 1 | In human anatomy , the radial artery is the main artery of the lateral aspect of the forearm . |
radial nerve | Biology | 1 | is a nerve in the human body that supplies the posterior portion of the upper limb. It innervates the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii muscle of the arm, as well as all 12 muscles in the posterior osteofascial compartment of the forearm and the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the brachial plexus , carrying fibers from the ventral roots of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1. |
radiology | Biology | 1 | is the medical discipline that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases within the body. |
radius | Biology | 1 | The radius, or radial bone, is one of the two large bones of the forearm , the other being the ulna . It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna. The ulna is usually slightly longer than the radius, but the radius is thicker. Therefore, the radius is considered to be the larger of the two. It is a long bone , prism -shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. |
rectum | Biology | 1 | is the final straight portion of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals , and the gut in others. The adult human rectum is about 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long, and begins at the rectosigmoid junction, the end of the sigmoid colon , at the level of the third sacral vertebra or the sacral promontory depending upon what definition is used. Its caliber is similar to that of the sigmoid colon at its commencement, but it is dilated near its termination, forming the rectal ampulla . It terminates at the level of the anorectal ring (the level of the puborectalis sling) or the dentate line , again depending upon which definition is used. In humans, the rectum is followed by the anal canal which is about 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long, before the gastrointestinal tract terminates at the anal verge . The word rectum comes from the Latin rectum intestinum , meaning straight intestine . |
rectus abdominis muscle | Biology | 1 | also known as the abdominal muscle , is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen, as well as that of some other mammals. There are two parallel muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba . It extends from the pubic symphysis , pubic crest and pubic tubercle inferiorly, to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V to VII superiorly. The proximal attachments are the pubic crest and the pubic symphysis. It attaches distally at the costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process of the sternum. |
rectus femoris muscle | Biology | 1 | is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body . The others are the vastus medialis , the vastus intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris), and the vastus lateralis . All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) by the quadriceps tendon . The rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh ; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight ( Latin : rectus ) down to the deep aponeurosis . Its functions are to flex the thigh at the hip joint and to extend the leg at the knee joint. |
red blood cell | Biology | 1 | The most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues — via blood flow through the circulatory system. s take up oxygen in the lungs and release it into tissues while squeezing through the body's capillaries. |
sacrum | Biology | 1 | The sacrum (plural: sacra or sacrums ), in human anatomy , is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of sacral vertebrae S1–S5 between 18 and 30 years of age. |
salivary gland | Biology | 1 | The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts . Humans have three paired major salivary glands ( parotid , submandibular , and sublingual ), a pair of seromucous tubarial glands (discovered in 2020) as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. s can be classified as serous , mucous or seromucous (mixed). |
saphenous nerve | Biology | 1 | (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve . It is a strictly sensory nerve, and has no motor function. |
tarsus | Biology | 1 | In the human body , the tarsus is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus . It is made up of the midfoot ( cuboid , medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform , and navicular ) and hindfoot ( talus and calcaneus ). |
taste | Biology | 1 | The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor) . is the perception produced or stimulated when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity , mostly on the tongue . , along with smell ( olfaction ) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food and other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis . The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste. |
ulna | Biology | 1 | is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the elbow to the smallest finger, and when in anatomical position , is found on the medial side of the forearm. It runs parallel to the radius , the other long bone in the forearm. The ulna is usually slightly longer than the radius, but the radius is thicker. Therefore, the radius is considered to be the larger of the two. |
ulnar artery | Biology | 1 | is the main blood vessel , with oxygenated blood , of the medial aspects of the forearm . It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery . It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist . |
ulnar nerve | Biology | 1 | In human anatomy , the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is common. This nerve is directly connected to the little finger , and the adjacent half of the ring finger , innervating the palmar aspect of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips , perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds . |
ureter | Biology | 1 | The ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder . In the human adult, the ureters are usually 20–30 cm (8–12 in) long and around 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) in diameter. The ureter is lined by urothelial cells, a type of transitional epithelium , and has an additional smooth muscle layer in third closest to the bladder that assists with peristalsis . |
urethra | Biology | 1 | The urethra is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body of both females and males. In human females and other primates , the urethra connects to the urinary meatus above the vagina , whereas in marsupials , the female's urethra empties into the urogenital sinus . Females use their urethra only for urinating, but males use their urethra for both urination and ejaculation . The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that allows voluntary control over urination . The internal sphincter , formed by the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra, receives its nerve supply by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system . The internal sphincter is present both in males and females. |
urinary bladder | Biology | 1 | The urinary bladder, or simply bladder, is a hollow muscular organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination . In the human the bladder is a hollow muscular , and distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor . Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra . The typical human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10.14 and 16.91 fl oz ) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more. |
urinary system | Biology | 1 | The urinary system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys , ureters , bladder , and the urethra . The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for the eventual removal of urine. The kidneys have an extensive blood supply via the renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein. Each kidney consists of functional units called nephrons . Following filtration of blood and further processing, wastes (in the form of urine ) exit the kidney via the ureters, tubes made of smooth muscle fibres that propel urine towards the urinary bladder, where it is stored and subsequently expelled from the body by urination ( voiding ). The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing only in the length of the urethra. |
urology | Biology | 1 | also known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs . Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys , adrenal glands , ureters , urinary bladder , urethra , and the male reproductive organs ( testes , epididymis , vas deferens , seminal vesicles , prostate , and penis ). |
uterus | Biology | 1 | The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals . In the human, the lower end of the uterus, the cervix , opens into the vagina , while the upper end, the fundus, is connected to the fallopian tubes . It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation . In the human embryo , the uterus develops from the paramesonephric ducts which fuse into the single organ known as a simplex uterus. The uterus has different forms in many other animals and in some it exists as two separate uteri known as a duplex uterus . |
vaccine | Biology | 1 | A biological preparation that provides immunity to a particular infectious disease by stimulating the immune system. |
vagina | Biology | 1 | In mammals , the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract . In humans, it extends from the vulva to the cervix . The outer vaginal opening is normally partly covered by a membrane called the hymen . At the deep end, the cervix (neck of the uterus ) bulges into the vagina. The vagina allows for sexual intercourse and birth . It also channels menstrual flow (menses), which occurs in humans and closely related primates as part of the monthly menstrual cycle . |
vas deferens | Biology | 1 | also called ductus deferens, is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates ; these ducts transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in anticipation of ejaculation . It is a partially coiled tube which exits the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal . |
vastus intermedius muscle | Biology | 1 | arises from the front and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur in its upper two-thirds, sitting under the rectus femoris muscle and from the lower part of the lateral intermuscular septum . Its fibers end in a superficial aponeurosis, which forms the deep part of the quadriceps femoris tendon. |
virology | Biology | 1 | is the study of viral – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat – and virus-like agents. It focuses on the following aspects of viruses: their structure, classification and evolution, their ways to infect and exploit host cells for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy. is considered to be a subfield of microbiology or of medicine . |
visual acuity | Biology | 1 | (VA), commonly refers to the clarity of vision , but technically rates an examinee's ability to recognize small details with precision. is dependent on optical and neural factors, i.e., (1) the sharpness of the retinal image within the eye , (2) the health and functioning of the retina , and (3) the sensitivity of the interpretative faculty of the brain. |
visual cortex | Biology | 1 | The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information . It is located in the occipital lobe . Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or Brodmann area 18 and all Brodmann area 19 ). |
visual field test | Biology | 1 | is an eye examination that can detect dysfunction in central and peripheral vision which may be caused by various medical conditions such as glaucoma , stroke , pituitary disease , brain tumours or other neurological deficits. ing can be performed clinically by keeping the subject's gaze fixed while presenting objects at various places within their visual field . Simple manual equipment can be used such as in the tangent screen test or the Amsler grid . When dedicated machinery is used it is called a perimeter. |
visual perception | Biology | 1 | is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment . This is different from visual acuity , which refers to how clearly a person sees (for example "20/20 vision"). A person can have problems with visual perceptual processing even if they have 20/20 vision. |
vital signs | Biology | 1 | (also known as vitals ) are a group of the four to six most important medical signs that indicate the status of the body's vital (life-sustaining) functions. These measurements are taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery. The normal ranges for a person's vital signs vary with age, weight, gender, and overall health . There are four primary vital signs : body temperature , blood pressure , pulse ( heart rate ), and breathing rate ( respiratory rate ), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. However, depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other measurements called the "fifth vital sign" or "sixth vital sign". are recorded using the LOINC internationally accepted standard coding system. |
vitamin d | Biology | 1 | is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium , magnesium , and phosphate , and many other biological effects. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 (also known as cholecalciferol ) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ). |
vitrectomy | Biology | 1 | is a surgery to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye . Anterior vitrectomy entails removing small portions of the vitreous humor from the front structures of the eye—often because these are tangled in an intraocular lens or other structures. Pars plana vitrectomy is a general term for a group of operations accomplished in the deeper part of the eye, all of which involve removing some or all of the vitreous humor—the eye's clear internal jelly. |
waist | Biology | 1 | is the part of the abdomen between the rib cage and hips . On people with slim bodies, the waist is the narrowest part of the torso . The waistline refers to the horizontal line where the waist is narrowest, or to the general appearance of the waist. |
wart | Biology | 1 | s are typically small, rough, hard growths that are similar in color to the rest of the skin. They typically do not result in other symptoms, except when on the bottom of the feet, where they may be painful. While they usually occur on the hands and feet, they can also affect other locations. One or many warts may appear. They are not cancerous . |
weber test | Biology | 1 | is a screening test for hearing performed with a tuning fork. It can detect unilateral (one-sided) conductive hearing loss (middle ear hearing loss) and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (inner ear hearing loss). The test is named after Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878). Conductive hearing ability is mediated by the middle ear composed of the ossicles: the malleus , the incus , and the stapes . Sensorineural hearing ability is mediated by the inner ear composed of the cochlea with its internal basilar membrane and attached cochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). The outer ear consisting of the pinna, ear canal, and ear drum or tympanic membrane transmits sounds to the middle ear but does not contribute to the conduction or sensorineural hearing ability save for hearing transmissions limited by cerumen impaction (wax collection in the ear canal). The has had its value as a screening test questioned in the literature. |
wernicke–korsakoff syndrome | Biology | 1 | (WKS) is the combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome . Due to the close relationship between these two disorders, people with either are usually diagnosed with WKS as a single syndrome. It mainly causes vision changes, ataxia and impaired memory. |
wernicke's area | Biology | 1 | also called Wernicke's speech area, is one of the two parts of the cerebral cortex that are linked to speech, the other being Broca's area . It is involved in the comprehension of written and spoken language, in contrast to Broca's area, which is involved in the production of language. It is traditionally thought to reside in Brodmann area 22 , which is located in the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant cerebral hemisphere, which is the left hemisphere in about 95% of right-handed individuals and 60% of left-handed individuals. |
whiplash | Biology | 1 | is a non-medical term describing a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck associated with extension , although the exact injury mechanisms remain unknown. The term "whiplash" is a colloquialism . "Cervical acceleration–deceleration" (CAD) describes the mechanism of the injury, while the term "whiplash associated disorders" (WAD) describes the injury sequelae and symptoms. |
white blood cell | Biology | 1 | s (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells . Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system . |
white matter | Biology | 1 | refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons , also called tracts . Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribution of action potentials , acting as a relay and coordinating communication between different brain regions. |
working memory | Biology | 1 | is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior. is often used synonymously with short-term memory , but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short-term memory only refers to the short-term storage of information. is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology , neuropsychology, and neuroscience . |
wrist | Biology | 1 | In human anatomy , the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand ; (2) the wrist joint or radiocarpal joint, the joint between the radius and the carpus and; (3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints . This region also includes the carpal tunnel , the anatomical snuff box , bracelet lines, the flexor retinaculum , and the extensor retinaculum . As a consequence of these various definitions, fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as distal radius fracture are often considered fractures to the wrist. |
xanthoma | Biology | 1 | A xanthoma (pl. xanthomas or xanthomata) (condition: xanthomatosis), from Greek ξανθός (xanthós) ' yellow ' , is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol -rich material that can appear anywhere in the body in various disease states. They are cutaneous manifestations of lipidosis in which lipids accumulate in large foam cells within the skin. They are associated with hyperlipidemias , both primary and secondary types. |
yaws | Biology | 1 | is a tropical infection of the skin , bones and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue . The disease begins with a round, hard swelling of the skin, 2 to 5 centimeters in diameter. The center may break open and form an ulcer . This initial skin lesion typically heals after three to six months. After weeks to years, joints and bones may become painful, fatigue may develop, and new skin lesions may appear. The skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet may become thick and break open. The bones (especially those of the nose) may become misshapen. After five years or more large areas of skin may die, leaving a scar. |
yellow fever | Biology | 1 | is a viral disease of typically short duration . In most cases, symptoms include fever , chills , loss of appetite , nausea , muscle pains particularly in the back, and headaches . Symptoms typically improve within five days. In about 15% of people, within a day of improving the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and liver damage begins causing yellow skin . If this occurs, the risk of bleeding and kidney problems is increased. |
zellweger spectrum disorders | Biology | 1 | are a group of rare disorders that create the same disease process. The subdivisions of this spectrum are hyperpipecolic acidemia , Infantile Refsum disease , neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), and Zellweger syndrome . It can also be referred to as Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders, Zellweger Syndrome Spectrum, NALD, Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome, and ZSS. It can affect many body organs, including the kidneys , eyes, and hearing. It is named after Hans Zellweger . |
zika virus | Biology | 1 | (ZIKV) (pronounced / ˈ z iː k ə / or / ˈ z ɪ k ə / ) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae . It is spread by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A. aegypti and A. albopictus . Its name comes from the Ziika Forest of Uganda, where the virus was first isolated in 1947. shares a genus with the dengue , yellow fever , Japanese encephalitis , and West Nile viruses. Since the 1950s, it has been known to occur within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to Asia. From 2007 to 2016 , the virus spread eastward, across the Pacific Ocean to the Americas, leading to the 2015–2016 epidemic . |
zoonosis | Biology | 1 | A zoonosis (plural zoonoses, or zoonotic diseases) is an infectious disease caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium , virus , parasite or prion ) that has jumped from a non-human animal (usually a vertebrate ) to a human. Typically, the first infected human transmits the infectious agent to at least one other human, who, in turn, infects others. |
zygomatic bone | Biology | 1 | In the human skull , the zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla , the temporal bone , the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone . It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek , part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit , and parts of the temporal fossa and the infratemporal fossa . It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes (the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal), and four borders. |
zonular dialysis | Biology | 1 | Deficient support of the lenticular capsule of the eye by the Zonules of Zinn . |
photosynthesis | Biology | 1 | The process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, typically in the form of glucose. |
homeostasis | Biology | 1 | The process by which biological systems maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. |
cell | Biology | 1 | The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. |
mutation | Biology | 1 | A change in the DNA sequence of a gene that can lead to genetic variation or disorders. |
enzyme | Biology | 1 | A protein that accelerates biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process. |
ecosystem | Biology | 1 | A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. |
neuron | Biology | 1 | A specialized cell transmitting electrical impulses in the nervous system. |
genotype | Biology | 1 | The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the set of alleles inherited from its parents. |
osmosis | Biology | 1 | The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. |
chloroplast | Biology | 1 | An organelle in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy. |
hormone | Biology | 1 | A regulatory molecule produced by glands that helps control metabolism, growth, and other functions. |
symbiosis | Biology | 1 | A close relationship between two different organisms living in close proximity, often beneficial to both. |
chromosome | Biology | 1 | A structure within cells that contains genetic material in the form of DNA. |
amphibian | Biology | 1 | A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is capable of living both in water and on land. |
respiration | Biology | 1 | The biological process of converting glucose into energy within cells. |
nucleus | Biology | 1 | The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material. |
mitochondria | Biology | 1 | The organelles within eukaryotic cells that generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. |
biodiversity | Biology | 1 | The variety of life in a specific habitat or ecosystem. |
genetic drift | Biology | 1 | The random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population due to chance events. |
natural selection | Biology | 1 | The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. |
autotroph | Biology | 1 | An organism that produces its own food using sunlight or chemical energy. |
heterotroph | Biology | 1 | An organism that obtains its energy by consuming other organisms. |
sympatric speciation | Biology | 1 | The evolution of new species from a common ancestor within the same geographical area. |
keystone species | Biology | 1 | A species that has a disproportionately large impact on its ecosystem. |
allele | Biology | 1 | Different forms of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes. |
cytokinesis | Biology | 1 | The division of the cytoplasm during cell division, resulting in two daughter cells. |
endoplasmic reticulum | Biology | 1 | A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
apoptosis | Biology | 1 | Programmed cell death, a controlled process through which cells die in a regulated manner. |
phylogeny | Biology | 1 | The evolutionary history and relationships among species. |
gene expression | Biology | 1 | The process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional product, such as a protein. |
plasmid | Biology | 1 | A small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. |
epiphyte | Biology | 1 | A plant that grows on another plant for support without deriving nutrients from it. |
operon | Biology | 1 | A group of genes that operate together under the control of a single promoter. |
codon | Biology | 1 | A sequence of three nucleotides in RNA that codes for a specific amino acid in protein synthesis. |
transcription factor | Biology | 1 | A protein that regulates the expression of genes by binding to specific DNA sequences. |
lysosome | Biology | 1 | An organelle containing digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris. |
endosymbiosis | Biology | 1 | The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living bacteria engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. |
keystone predator | Biology | 1 | A predator species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.