term
stringlengths 1
63
⌀ | category
stringclasses 15
values | label
int64 0
1
| definition
stringlengths 5
3.18k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|
epistasis | Biology | 1 | The interaction between genes where one gene modifies the expression of another. |
quorum sensing | Biology | 1 | A system of stimulus and response correlated to population density in microbes. |
biome | Biology | 1 | A large ecosystem characterized by distinct climates, vegetation, and animal life. |
crispr-cas9 | Biology | 1 | A revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows precise modifications to DNA in living organisms. |
exosome | Biology | 1 | A small vesicle secreted by cells that contains various molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA, playing a role in intercellular communication. |
proteomics | Biology | 1 | The large-scale study of proteins, particularly with regard to their functions and structures. |
synthetic biology | Biology | 1 | An interdisciplinary field that combines biology and engineering to design and construct new biological parts and systems. |
microbiota | Biology | 1 | The community of microorganisms that live in a particular environment, such as the human gut or skin. |
crispr interference | Biology | 1 | A method used to regulate gene expression using the CRISPR-Cas9 system by blocking transcription. |
epigenetics | Biology | 1 | The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. |
allosteric regulation | Biology | 1 | The regulation of an enzyme or other protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the active site. |
transposon | Biology | 1 | A segment of DNA that can move or transpose itself to a new position within the genome. |
mitosis | Biology | 1 | A type of cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells. |
meiosis | Biology | 1 | A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half and leads to the production of gametes. |
protein synthesis | Biology | 1 | The process by which cells build proteins based on instructions from DNA, involving transcription and translation. |
phenotype | Biology | 1 | The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. |
evolution | Biology | 1 | The process by which species of organisms change over time through variations and natural selection. |
rna polymerase | Biology | 1 | An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription. |
autophagy | Biology | 1 | The process by which cells break down and recycle their own components, crucial for cellular maintenance. |
golgi apparatus | Biology | 1 | A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm, responsible for the packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids. |
mitochondrion | Biology | 1 | A membrane-bound organelle that produces energy (ATP) for the cell through cellular respiration. |
endocytosis | Biology | 1 | The process by which cells engulf external substances, such as nutrients or pathogens, into vesicles. |
exocytosis | Biology | 1 | The process by which cells expel substances from vesicles to the extracellular space. |
gene editing | Biology | 1 | The manipulation of an organism's genome using tools like CRISPR to alter genetic material for therapeutic purposes. |
neuroplasticity | Biology | 1 | The ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. |
x-linked inheritance | Biology | 1 | A pattern of inheritance in which the gene responsible for a trait is located on the X chromosome. |
bioluminescence | Biology | 1 | The production and emission of light by living organisms, often used for communication or predation. |
endocrine system | Biology | 1 | A system of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. |
chlorophyll | Biology | 1 | The green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy during photosynthesis. |
microbiome | Biology | 1 | The community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that live in and on an organism. |
immune system | Biology | 1 | The body’s defense mechanism against infections and other harmful invaders, consisting of cells, tissues, and organs. |
biosynthesis | Biology | 1 | The process by which living organisms produce complex molecules from simpler ones. |
viral replication | Biology | 1 | The process by which viruses reproduce by hijacking a host cell’s machinery to produce new virus particles. |
genomic imprinting | Biology | 1 | A genetic phenomenon where the expression of a gene depends on whether it is inherited from the mother or the father. |
eukaryote | Biology | 1 | An organism whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles, including plants, animals, and fungi. |
prokaryote | Biology | 1 | A unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles, such as bacteria. |
endosymbiotic theory | Biology | 1 | A theory that suggests certain organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from symbiotic relationships between ancient cells and prokaryotes. |
mutagen | Biology | 1 | A physical or chemical agent that causes mutations in DNA, potentially leading to genetic disorders or cancer. |
cell cycle | Biology | 1 | The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and replication, consisting of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. |
genome | Biology | 1 | The complete set of genetic material in an organism, including all its genes and non-coding sequences. |
gene therapy | Biology | 1 | A treatment method that involves altering the genetic material inside a person's cells to treat or prevent disease. |
polymerase chain reaction | Biology | 1 | A laboratory technique used to amplify small segments of DNA to produce many copies. |
crispr | Biology | 1 | A gene-editing technology that allows precise modifications to an organism's DNA by targeting specific sequences. |
transcription | Biology | 1 | The process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. |
translation | Biology | 1 | The process by which an RNA molecule is used as a template to synthesize a specific protein. |
biotechnology | Biology | 1 | The use of living organisms or biological systems to develop products or processes for specific purposes. |
genetically modified organisms | Biology | 1 | Organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination. |
gmos | Biology | 1 | Organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination. |
bioremediation | Biology | 1 | The use of microorganisms to degrade or neutralize harmful environmental pollutants. |
bioprocessing | Biology | 1 | The use of biological materials, such as cells or enzymes, to carry out chemical processes in manufacturing. |
stem cells | Biology | 1 | Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various cell types, used in regenerative medicine. |
pharmacogenomics | Biology | 1 | The study of how an individual's genetic makeup affects their response to drugs. |
synapse | Biology | 1 | The junction between two neurons, where communication occurs via neurotransmitters. |
action potential | Biology | 1 | A brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron. |
neurotransmitter | Biology | 1 | A chemical messenger that transmits signals across synapses between neurons or to target cells. |
cerebral cortex | Biology | 1 | The outer layer of the brain responsible for complex functions like perception, reasoning, and memory. |
limbic system | Biology | 1 | A group of structures in the brain involved in emotions, memory, and arousal. |
hippocampus | Biology | 1 | A part of the brain involved in forming and organizing new memories. |
neurodegenerative diseases | Biology | 1 | Disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. |
dopamine | Biology | 1 | A neurotransmitter involved in pleasure, reward, and motor control. |
blood-brain barrier | Biology | 1 | A selective permeability barrier that prevents certain substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream. |
pathogen | Biology | 1 | An organism that causes disease in its host, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. |
bacterium | Biology | 1 | A single-celled microorganism that can exist independently or as a pathogen. |
virus | Biology | 1 | A small infectious agent that requires a host cell to replicate and cause disease. |
antibiotic resistance | Biology | 1 | The ability of bacteria to evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antibiotics. |
antigen | Biology | 1 | A substance that induces an immune response, typically a foreign molecule such as a virus or bacterium. |
t-cell | Biology | 1 | A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response, particularly in recognizing and destroying infected cells. |
bacteria | Biology | 1 | Microorganisms that can be beneficial or pathogenic, and often have a cell wall and lack a nucleus. |
fungi | Biology | 1 | A kingdom of organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, playing crucial roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. |
prion | Biology | 1 | An infectious agent composed of protein that can cause neurodegenerative diseases. |
er | Biology | 1 | A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
ribosome | Biology | 1 | A molecular machine that synthesizes proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences. |
cytoskeleton | Biology | 1 | A network of fibers in the cytoplasm that provides structural support, cell shape, and facilitates intracellular transport. |
plasma membrane | Biology | 1 | The biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment. |
nucleolus | Biology | 1 | A dense region within the nucleus where ribosome synthesis occurs. |
chromatin | Biology | 1 | A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes and is involved in gene regulation. |
substrate | Biology | 1 | A molecule upon which an enzyme acts in a biochemical reaction. |
adenosine triphosphate | Biology | 1 | A molecule that carries energy within cells, essential for cellular functions and metabolism. |
atp | Biology | 1 | A molecule that carries energy within cells, essential for cellular functions and metabolism. |
coenzyme | Biology | 1 | A non-protein organic molecule that assists enzymes in their catalytic activities. |
nucleotide | Biology | 1 | A building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. |
polypeptide | Biology | 1 | A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds that folds into a functional protein. |
cofactor | Biology | 1 | A non-protein molecule that assists enzymes in catalyzing reactions. |
glycolysis | Biology | 1 | The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. |
gene | Biology | 1 | A unit of heredity, consisting of a sequence of DNA that encodes instructions for building proteins. |
genetic recombination | Biology | 1 | The process by which genetic material is shuffled during sexual reproduction to create genetic diversity. |
skeletal muscle | Biology | 1 | A type of muscle tissue attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movements. |
smooth muscle | Biology | 1 | A type of muscle tissue found in organs and vessels, responsible for involuntary movements like digestion and blood flow. |
cardiac muscle | Biology | 1 | A type of muscle tissue found in the heart, responsible for pumping blood. |
respiratory system | Biology | 1 | The biological system involved in the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the organism and its environment. |
circulatory system | Biology | 1 | The system responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products through the body. |
lymphatic system | Biology | 1 | A network of vessels and organs that help defend the body against infection and maintain fluid balance. |
digestive system | Biology | 1 | The system responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients for the body. |
endospore | Biology | 1 | A tough, dormant structure produced by some bacteria that allows them to survive extreme conditions. |
biofilm | Biology | 1 | A layer of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are embedded in a protective extracellular matrix. |
recessive gene | Biology | 1 | A gene whose effects are masked by the presence of a dominant allele in a heterozygous individual. |
dominant gene | Biology | 1 | A gene whose traits are expressed in the presence of only one copy of the allele. |
polyploidy | Biology | 1 | The condition of having more than two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism. |
exon | Biology | 1 | A segment of a gene that codes for a protein and is expressed in the final RNA product. |
introns | Biology | 1 | Non-coding regions of a gene that are transcribed but are spliced out during RNA processing. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.