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12,396 | Computer manufacturers and retailers tell us that the complexity involved in connecting the various components of personal computers is not a widespread obstacle to their use, but this is wrong. Customers who install accessories to their personal computers have to take full responsibility for the setting of jumpers and switches to satisfy mysterious specifications. Many accessories require extra software that can cause other accessories to stop working; adding a modem, for instance, may disable a printer. | A personal computer is usually sold as part of a package that includes accessories and free installation most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
12,502 | When a group is unable to reach a consensus, group members are often accused of being stubborn, bull-headed, or unyielding. Such epithets often seem abusive, are difficult to prove, and rarely help the group reach a resolution. Those who wish to make such an accusation stick, however, should choose unyielding, because one can always appeal to the fact that the accused has not yielded; obviously if one acknowledges that a person has not yielded, then one cannot deny that the person is unyielding, at least on this issue. | The argumentative technique employed above is conditionally advocating a tactic on the grounds that it results in an argument that would help the group to reach a consensus on the issue in question. | not-entailment |
2,551 | Among the students admitted to the university in a certain city, the proportion of female students is higher than that of male students. According to this fact, Mr. Wang thinks that girls in this city study better than boys. | Among the examinees, the proportion of boys is lower than that of girls weakens Mr. Wang's conclusion the most. | entailment |
11,140 | The French novelist Colette (1873-1954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions. | A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis is an assumption on which the argument depends. | entailment |
5,572 | Zhao Qiansun three geologists are identifying a piece of ore. Zhao said, this is not iron, nor is it signed. 'It's not iron, it's copper, ' Mr. Qian said. 'It's not copper, it's iron, ' Sun said.So that one of them was right, one was wrong, and one was only half right. | This ore is iron ore is correct based on the above condition. | entailment |
10,069 | There are 7 heart disease patients E, F, G, H, I, J, K to be assigned to 4 doctors for treatment, they are Dr. Zhang, Dr. Li, Dr. Wang and Dr. Liu. Only one doctor can be responsible for each patient, and each doctor is responsible for the treatment of up to two patients. Among the patients, J and K are children, and the remaining 5 are adults; E, F, and J are male, and the remaining 4 are female. The following conditions must be met: (1) Dr. Zhang is only responsible for treating male patients. (2) Dr. Li can only be responsible for the treatment of 1 patient. (3) If a doctor is responsible for the treatment of a child, he must be responsible for the treatment of an adult of the same sex as the child. | Dr. Liu treats at least one male patient is definitely true according to the information above. | not-entailment |
5,055 | In the face of parents' doubts about the excessive formaldehyde in the classroom decorated for two months in a primary school, the principal of the primary school responded: I have been to all the classrooms one by one and didn't smell any peculiar smell, so the formaldehyde doesn't exceed the standard. | Formaldehyde is a colorless and tasteless gas. It is impossible to judge whether formaldehyde exceeds the standard by the taste of the room can best refute the certification of the primary school principal. | entailment |
12,977 | Among North American school-age children, there is a strong positive correlation between obesity and the amount of television watched. Ttherefore, with the arrival of interactive television, obesity among North American school-age children will increase. | The assumption that North American school-age children will increase their television viewing with the arrival of interactive television is required by the argument. | entailment |
11,209 | Although the pesticide TDX has been widely used by fruit growers since the early 1960' s, a regulation in force since 1960 has prohibited sale of fruit on which any TDX residue can be detected. That regulation is about to be replaced by one that allows sale of fruit on which trace amounts of TDX residue are detected. In fact, however, the change will not allow more TDX on fruit than was allowed in the 1960' s, because __. | The presence of TDX on fruit in greater than trace amounts has not been shown to cause any harm even to children who eat large amounts of fruit most logically completes the argument. | not-entailment |
2,157 | The pigments are mainly anthocyanins and other phenolic substances, their colors constitute the color of the wine and bring their own aroma and delicate taste to the wine. The color of aged wine mainly comes from tannins. Tannins not only contribute to the color of the wine, but also act on the mouth to create a sense of bitterness, thus promoting people's appetite. The tannin content is too high, the bitter taste is heavy and the wine is rough; if the tannin content is too low, the wine is weak and light. In addition, tannins can also mask the sour taste, so red wine is obviously less sour than white wine because of its rich tannins. | Aged wine boosts appetite and its color comes from tannins can be inferred from the given options. | not-entailment |
4,255 | Bacteriophage is a kind of bacteria, which can prey on bacteria. At present, with the development of medical implantation technology, more and more patients receive medical implants such as urinary catheters and cardiac stents, but it also brings the risk of bacterial infection. Therefore, some researchers believe that if bacteriophages are adsorbed on the surface of implant materials and then were put into patients, the infection caused by implants could be avoided. | The statement 'Where there are bacteria, there may be corresponding bacteriophages, but their number is different' can most weaken the above conclusion if it is true. | not-entailment |
12,587 | A new law gives ownership of patents-documents providing exclusive right to make and sell an invention-to universities, not the government, when those patents result from government-sponsored university research. Administrators at Logos University plan to sell any patents they acquire to corporations in order to fund programs to improve undergraduate teaching. | Government-sponsored research conducted at Logos University for the most part duplicates research already completed by several profit-making corporations would cast the most doubt on the viability of the college administrators' plan described above. | entailment |
4,095 | All kindergartens face the same problem: for those parents who cannot come to pick up their children in time after the kindergarten is over, kindergarten teachers have no choice but to wait, so many kindergartens charge parents who pick up their children late. However, there are surveys. It is shown that the number of parents who pick up their children late after the fee has not been reduced, but has increased. | The statement 'After the fee, more parents think that even if they come late to pick up their children, they don't have to feel guilty, as long as they pay' best explains the above survey results. | entailment |
9,072 | On July 14, 2015, after difficult negotiations in the euro zone, the Greek debt crisis was temporarily quieted down. If the Greek debt crisis is not resolved, it will have a negative impact on the economy of the euro zone. But Greece can only return to the path of economic development through extensive reforms. Greece can either reduce welfare or achieve substantial economic growth, otherwise, the debt crisis will be difficult to solve. | If Greece is to solve its debt crisis, but cannot achieve substantial economic growth, it must reduce welfare if the above statement is true. | entailment |
8,563 | More than 400 East Asian languages, including Chinese, Tibetan, Qiang and Burmese, are considered to share a common ancestral language, collectively known as the Sino-Tibetan language family, whose mother tongue is second only to the Indo-European family. For a long time, linguists have long disputed the genetic relationship, the time of differentiation and the place of origin of each language branch within the Sino-Tibetan language family. Recently, the research team of Fudan University announced that, using analytical methods such as linguistics and genetics, they found that the Sino-Tibetan language family originated in northern China in the Neolithic Age and was divided for the first time about 6,000 years ago. The results were recently published online in the British journal Nature in the form of original research papers. | The research paradigm provided by this study is not likely to be introduced in this passage next. | not-entailment |
6,848 | Lu Xun can be said to be the most complex literary individual since ancient times. His complexity has gone beyond the boundaries of pure literature. He represents the transformation of the times, the cold analysis of the national soul, and the bold innovation of thinking methods. As Professor Yan Jiayan said, Lu Xun used the writing style of Pi Li Yang Qiu, which was unknowingly spoken out verbally, but actually had some praise, criticism and comments, which also inspired the reader's judgment. | The main idea of this passage is that Lu Xun's works are the most profound and complex. | entailment |
5,743 | The famous scientist and historian of science Price puts forward that if K represents the number of people involved in a certain professional field, then the square root of this number is roughly equal to the number of top-ranked people who have contributed half of the field. | According to the above definition, the statement 'A country's publishing association has counted the country's journals and found that there are about 150 economic-related journals, of all economic-related scientific research papers, half of them are published in 13 journals' is in line with Price's point of view. | not-entailment |
1,279 | Generally speaking, broken objects are always unbeautiful. But how to explain the fact that the remains of so many ancient buildings, sculptures and even daily necessities are considered beautiful? It may be because these remains with aesthetic value are of great value, either because of their considerable scale, or because of important practical functions, such as magnificent palaces, mausoleums, temples, city walls, ancient bridges, ancient pagodas, etc., it contains the extraordinary wisdom and great hard work of our predecessors, whether it is destroyed in war or natural disasters, it will arouse people's regret and caress the remains to think of the whole. There are a large number of such ancient buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage project, such as the Great Wall of China, the Parthenon in Greece, Angkor Wat in Cambodia and so on. | The main content of this text is how to appreciate ancient architecture. | not-entailment |
9,686 | An economist of one country pointed out: unless the country takes drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy, it is impossible for the economy to grow steadily. Without steady economic growth, public debt will continue to rise. | If the public debt does not keep rising, it shows that the country has taken drastic measures to cure the stubborn problems of the economy. | entailment |
4,290 | The role of cultural decoration refers to the phenomenon that people will come up with various reasons to forgive themselves or justify their failures after being frustrated. | Xiao Zhang was not rated as an advanced element, he believed that he had a bad relationship with the leader of the judge does not belong to the role of cultural decoration. | not-entailment |
12,813 | The use of money causes a civilization to decline. That this is true is shown by the way the troubles of Western civilization began with the invention of money. While real money (gold and silver) is bad enough, imitation money (paper money) is a horror. The decline of Western civilization exactly parallels the increasing use of money -- both real money and worthless paper money -- as a substitute for things of intrinsic value. | The statement 'The rate of exchange between gold and paper money has fluctuated greatly in Western civilization' could contribute most to a refutation of the argument. | not-entailment |
5,813 | AD hoc modification refers to modifying or adding some new assumptions to a scientific theory so that it is not verifiable or testable in order to avoid the risk of disproving it. | Adherents of Aristotle, insisting that all heavenly bodies were perfect spheres, proposed that the moon was filled with undetectable material that would keep it perfectly spherical is AD hoc modification. | entailment |
12,136 | In January of last year the Moviemania chain of movie theaters started popping its popcorn in canola oil, instead of the less healthful coconut oil that it had been using until then. Now Moviemania is planning to switch back, saying that the change has hurt popcorn sales. That claim is false, however, since according to Moviemania' s own sales figures, Moviemania sold 5 percent more popcorn last year than in the previous year. | Total sales of all refreshments at Moviemania's movie theaters increased by less than 5 percent last year most strongly supports the argument against Moviemania's claim. | entailment |
7,439 | Most people resent Mandarin and speak polite mandarin, such as attach great importance to it, personally ask, research and so on.If you do not speak Mandarin or polite words, some officials feel that they have nothing to say, or have no sense of superiority. | When you hear officials say research, some ordinary people are disgusted is true according to the above statement. | entailment |
10,864 | Complaints that milk bottlers take enormous markups on the bottled milk sold to consumers are most likely to arise when least warranted by the actual spread between the price that bottlers pay for raw milk and the price at which they sell bottled milk. The complaints occur when the bottled-milk price rises, yet these price increases most often merely reflect the rising price of the raw milk that bottlers buy from dairy farmers. When the raw-milk price is rising, the bottlers' markups are actually smallest proportionate to the retail price. When the raw-milk price is falling, however, the markups are greatest. | If all of the statements above are true, then Milk bottlers generally do not respond to a decrease in raw-milk prices by straightaway proportionately lowering the price of the bottled milk they sell must also be true on the basis of them. | entailment |
10,996 | Ruth: To become a politician, a person should be required to have a diversity of experience. The more diverse one' s experience, the more one will understand the need for compromise. Stephanie: To be worthy of public trust, it is not enough, as you suggest, that one simply have varied experience. Such a person would not necessarily be worthy of public trust. | The response attributes to Ruth a view that is more vulnerable to criticism than any she actually expresses accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning in Stephanie's response to Ruth's statements. | entailment |
12,001 | Though Earth' s human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken. | The statement 'The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry' most seriously weakens the argument above. | not-entailment |
10,999 | Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives. However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites. | The assumption on which the argument depends is that sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines. | entailment |
7,610 | Some people say that all students who are admitted to the university are students who study hard, and Zhang San did not enter the university, so Zhang San is not a student who studies hard. | The reasoning that "All successful people have to dress and eat. I am not successful now, so I don't have to dress and eat" clearly shows that the above argument is not valid. | entailment |
5,803 | A, B, C and D were arrested on suspicion of theft from a jewelry store. The statements of the four are as follows: A: The perpetrator is C. B: Ding is the criminal. C: If I commit the crime, Ding is the principal criminal. D: I did not commit the crime. Only one of the four statements is false. | It was A who lied and B who committed the crime is true if the above is true. | not-entailment |
1,355 | The responsible judicature in ancient China means that judicial personnel must be responsible for their own actions. In Legalist thought, the theory of responsible judicature originated from the theory of responsible administration, because judicial power and administrative power were not separated at that time. The theory of responsible administration requires that the subject of administrative law enforcement must bear responsibility for his own actions. For this reason, the Qin Dynasty established a perfect supervision system to supervise the administrative law enforcement and investigate the illegal acts of the law enforcement subjects. At that time, judicial power was a part of executive power, so the supervision of administrative power included the supervision of judicial power. If the subject of supervision finds that judicial personnel have the problem of judicial injustice, they will punish them. It can be said that the supervision system was the premise of the establishment of the judicial responsibility system at that time. The judicial responsibility system of the Qin Dynasty is groundbreaking, as exemplified by the charges such as not being straight stipulated in the Law of the Qin Dynasty. Responsible judicature is also a kind of judicature of governing officials. Legalists advocate governing officials but not people and require that the style of officials should be brought into the track of the rule of law. | The main content of this paragraph is the origin of responsible judicature and Legalist thought in Ancient China. | entailment |
8,499 | In recent years, people's living conditions are getting better and better, and the requirements for tourism ---are getting higher and higher. In the past, the way of tourism ---- has been gradually replaced by the way of in-depth experience and paying attention to culture and interaction. it is under this background that the development of the integration of culture and tourism --- has become a hot spot. | Quality, just looking at the flowers, came into being | entailment |
2,429 | If Xiao Zhao goes on a trip, then Xiao Qian, Xiao Sun and Xiao Li will go together. | If the above assertion is true, then the statement "If Xiao Zhao didn't travel, then Xiao Qian, Xiao Sun and Xiao Li didn't go" is also true. | not-entailment |
9,423 | In reality, migrant workers are often faced with the problem of insufficient evidence and difficult to obtain evidence when safeguarding their rights. Statistics of cases heard by a court in city B show that about 80% of the cases in which migrant workers claim wages are due to migrant workers' lack of relevant evidence. Although labor contracts, wage cards, wage slips, bank transfer records, attendance sheets, work permits and other materials can be used as evidence that migrant workers are owed wages, but many migrant workers work with contractors only pay in cash, but there is no evidence. Coupled with the awareness that some migrant workers are lack of evidence, it may also lead to insufficient evidence to protect their rights after being owed wages. | Use laws and regulations to solve the problem of insufficient evidence after migrant workers are being owed wages is most likely to be described in this passage next. | entailment |
88 | Will the technological revolution aggravate unemployment? This is a problem that has plagued people for a long time. From some statistics, people have found an interesting phenomenon. Although the United States has invested heavily in computer technology and other areas over the past years, its current unemployment rate (approximately 5.5%) is not higher than the unemployment rate in the early 1960s, while the unemployment rate in Western Europe is 11%, where investment in computers has always been less than in the United States. | Information technology will not cause unemployment can be logically deduced from the above. | not-entailment |
10,774 | Curator: If our museum lends Venus to the Hart Institute for their show this spring, they will lend us their Rembrandt etchings for our print exhibition next fall. Having those etchings will increase attendance to the exhibition and hence increase revenue from our general admission fee. Museum Administrator: But Venus is our biggest attraction. Moreover the Hart' s show will run for twice as long as our exhibition. So on balance the number of patrons may decrease. | The point of the administrator's response to the curator is to question whether getting the Rembrandt etchings from the Hart Institute is likely to increase attendance at the print exhibition. | not-entailment |
3,535 | In the face of the energy crisis, some countries are looking for alternative energy sources,using corn to process ethanol gasoline for vehicles is no longer new, Therefore, many people believe that using corn to produce energy can not only digest the aged grain in stock, but also develop oil as an alternative energy, which will be one of the trends of energy development in the future and a policy of benefiting the nation and the people. | Using corn as energy for production can appropriately increase the price of corn, thereby increasing farmers' income and farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain cannot weaken the above conclusion. | entailment |
12,276 | In an experiment, volunteers walked individually through a dark, abandoned theater. Half of the volunteers had been told that the theater was haunted and the other half that it was under renovation. The first half reported significantly more unusual experiences than the second did. The researchers concluded that reports of encounters with ghosts and other supernatural entities generally result from prior expectations of such experiences. | If true, none of the volunteers in the second half believing that the unusual experiences they reported were supernatural would most seriously weaken the researchers' reasoning. | not-entailment |
13,338 | The vast majority of first-year engineering students at Bighorn University are registered in Physics 121. Simone is registered in Physics 121; thus it seems likely that she is a first-year engineering student. | If the statement 'Some engineering students at Bighorn University take Physics 121 in their second year, but none take it in later years' is assumed, the conclusion can be properly drawn. | not-entailment |
12,029 | Principle: Any person or business knowingly aiding someone' s infringement on a copyright is also guilty of copyright infringement. Application: Grandview Department Store, which features a self-service photo-printing kiosk, is guilty of copyright infringement since a customer using the kiosk infringed on a wedding photographer' s copyright by printing photographs whose copyright is held by the photographer. | The assumption that owners of self-service facilities should monitor those facilities in order to ensure that they are not used for illegal or unethical purposes most helps to justify the application of the principle. | not-entailment |
3,467 | Service-oriented public relations refers to the public relations activities in which the organization mainly provides various affordable services and obtains the understanding and praise of the public through practical actions, so as to establish a good image of the organization. | A water heater manufacturer regularly sending precautions for the use of the water heater to users and changing the filter screen for users free every year is an example of service-oriented public relations according to the definition given above. | entailment |
9,272 | Because of their ignorance of Weibo, a director and a director divulged their privacy and exposed their immoral behavior on Weibo, which were investigated and dealt with by the relevant departments. Some netizens were cynical about their actions, lamenting: knowledge changes fate. No knowledge changes fate. | The statement 'whether you have knowledge or not, it will change your destiny' is closest to the meaning expressed by the netizen. | not-entailment |
5,878 | The popularization of computer and the emergence of the network are changing the way of social information transmission, also changing people's entertainment, but also make the traditional media by a huge impact. Many people spend so much time in front of the computer that they even become Internet autistic. | Not being in contact with others is a cause of Internet autism can be inferred from the information provided. | entailment |
10,833 | The town of Springhill frequently must declare a water emergency, making it temporarily unlawful to use water for such nonessential purposes as car washing. These emergencies could be avoided if Springhill would introduce permanent economic incentives for water conservation. Actually, Springhill discourages conservation because each household pays a modest monthly flat fee for any amount of water below a certain usage threshold, and a substantial per-liter rate only after the threshold is reached. | The statement 'The threshold remains at the predetermined level specified by law until a change is approved by the Springhill town council' most strengthens the argument. | not-entailment |
10,897 | Students in a first-year undergraduate course were divided into two groups. All the students in both groups were given newspaper articles identical in every respect, except for the headline, which was different for each group. When the students were later asked questions about the contents of the article, the answers given by the two groups were markedly different, though within each group the answers were similar. | Newspaper headlines influence a reader's interpretation of the corresponding articles is most strongly supported by the information above. | entailment |
9,728 | A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers, processes them into powder or oil, and then mixes them with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirmed the company's practice and pointed out that eating insects is conducive to dealing with worldwide food shortages and malnutrition. | An authoritative foreign research institution said that in this century, eating insects is conducive to the growth of population and the increase of consumption of the protein can be used as the premise of the argument. | not-entailment |
586 | German doctor Merlin and Russian Minkowski, who worked together on digestive function, found that in experimental dogs. The pancreas of dogs was removed, and the urine of such dogs always attracted flocks of bees. The tests showed that dogs had high levels of sugar in their urine. Scientists speculate that the pancreas may be linked to diabetes | Doctor used insulin to control diabetes supports for the above conclusions strongly. | not-entailment |
9,632 | Information pollution refers to the phenomenon that the elements of harmful, deceptive or misleading information are mixed in the process of information dissemination, thus affecting the normal acquisition and utilization of effective information. | Xiao Zhang's Wechat moments have seen all kinds of health-preserving and pseudoscience messages forwarded by his parents every day belongs to information pollution. | not-entailment |
7,656 | Conditional commitment refers to a commitment made by one party to the other party with conditions in social activities. | Xiao Yu made a rule for herself that she will refuse to go to her friends' parties if she does not lose five pounds. This is a conditional commitment. | not-entailment |
13,109 | Foster: Many species of extremely large North American mammals became extinct during the last ice age, which was also the time of the first human migration to North America. These species could not survive the dramatic changes wrought by this human migration. Fisch: Those extinctions were caused by the dramatic shift to a harsher climate. The climate changed so rapidly that the species could not adapt. | The statement 'The huge size of the mammals made it difficult for them to migrate the great distances to milder environments' most strengthens Fisch's argument. | entailment |
1,485 | When someone at home was a guest, his child was sitting on a stool, watching cartoons while being naughty, and accidentally fell off the stool, and then cried. At this time, many parents will feel very angry, so they reprimand their children: Watching a cartoon is naughty, I fell, and you still have a face to cry? From a psychological point of view, this kind of criticism is probably just that the parents are venting their inner anger, and the educational significance of the child is minimal or even counterproductive: falling down 'S child is in sorrow, unable to grasp the deep meaning behind the parents' criticism, and can only hear the parents' scolding, so they may cry harder. At this time, if there are other children next to seeing this scene, they will only get It came to the conclusion that you can't cry if you fall, or you will be scolded by adults. In fact, the attitude and way parents treat their children are related to the children's mental health, and public criticism of children will affect the formation and development of children's self-esteem. Blindly beaten Scolding and scolding will not only make the child feel humiliated in front of outsiders, but also make the child form a negative thinking that something bad happens to you deserve it. | The core point of this passage is that when parents are educating their children, if they are angry inside, the education is of little significance. | not-entailment |
3,286 | The crime of misappropriating public funds refers to persons engaged in public affairs in state organs, state-owned companies, enterprises, institutions, and people's organizations who use their positions to supervise, manage, operate, and handle public property rights and conveniences,misappropriating public funds for personal use for illegal activities, or embezzling public funds of more than 50,000 yuan for profit-making activities, or embezzling public funds of more than 50,000 yuan and not repaying them for more than three months. | The director of a provincial poverty alleviation office took advantage of his position to put 60,000 yuan of poverty relief funds in the stock market in the name of his children, two months later, he made money and returned it constitutes the crime of misappropriation public funds. | entailment |
4,329 | W-12 is a virus that seriously harms the growth of grains and causes a large reduction in grain production every year. Scientists have found that inserting a gene extracted from W-12 into a grain gene that is susceptible to infection can make The grain produces antibodies to W-12, which greatly reduces losses. | The statement 'When plants acquire antibodies to certain viruses through genetic mutations, they will also change some of their growth characteristics' does not strengthen the above conclusion if the following items are true. | entailment |
9,148 | Li Ming is most likely a senior logic teacher. Like most senior logic teachers, Li Ming is familiar with Gödel's completeness theorems and incompleteness theorems, while most people who are not senior logic teachers are not familiar with these theorems. In fact, many people who are not experienced teachers of logic have not even heard of Gödel. | The statement 'Ignore the possibility that some senior logic teachers are unfamiliar with Gödel's theorems' accurately identifies the flaw in the above reasoning. | not-entailment |
12,058 | Computers perform actions that are closer to thinking than anything nonhuman animals do. But computers do not have volitional powers, although some nonhuman animals do. | It is necessary to have volitional powers in order to think is most strongly supported by the information above. | not-entailment |
11,990 | To date, most of the proposals that have been endorsed by the Citizens League have been passed by the city council. Thus, any future proposal that is endorsed by the Citizens League will probably be passed as well. | The pattern of reasoning in which the argument 'Most of the editors who have worked for the local newspaper have not been sympathetic to local farmers. Thus, if the newspaper hires someone who is sympathetic to local farmers, they will probably not be hired as an editor' is most similar to that in the argument above. | not-entailment |
2,344 | Roses are perhaps the most complex flowers we can see. Its flower shape, color and fragrance are ever-changing, ranging from elegant roses to curly garden roses and gems-dazzling modern hybrid roses. Today, there are more than 200 kinds of roses growing all over the world. As people constantly try to get more beautiful, fragrant, longer-blooming roses through hybridization, the common horticultural and commercial rose varieties have been updated at the rate of every five years. It is very difficult to identify a kind of rose, and even the opinions of experts often vary greatly, because the species of roses are very easy to change and cross easily; hybrid roses can not only be selected by manual control, but also form naturally in large numbers. | The main content of this text is that hybrid technology plays a significant role in the cultivation of new rose varieties. | not-entailment |
11,493 | Politician: The current crisis in mathematics education must be overcome if we are to remain competitive in the global economy. Alleviating this crisis requires the employment of successful teaching methods. No method of teaching a subject can succeed that does not get students to spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying that subject. | The current crisis in mathematics education will not be overcome unless students spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics follows logically from the statements above. | entailment |
11,520 | The principle of equality before the law rules out using media access and renown as valid considerations in the sentencing of convicted criminals. Nevertheless, movie stars found guilty of drug abuse in well-publicized trials are often sentenced to perform community service, while unknown defendants convicted of the same crimes usually serve prison sentences. | The conclusion that 'The sentencing of movie stars to community service instead of prison constitutes a violation of the principle of equality before the law in many cases' is most strongly supported by the statements above, if true. | entailment |
3,912 | The actual situation is just the opposite of the theoretical expectation.In the United States, for example, there are 15.1 million full-time civil servants in its population of more than 200 million, or about one in a dozen on average. This vast bureaucracy wastes a third of the defense budget on unhelpful rules and regulations, doing things that need not be done. The Department of Defense Rules and regulations are almost unrivalled in their complexity. There are 800 pages of regulations for military housing and 8,800 pages for civilian military personnel. | The gap between theoretical expectations and reality is most likely to be described in the article next. | entailment |
4,110 | Screenwriter-style viewers refer to those who don't mind being told of their core content and clues when watching movies and TV series, and even inquire about the plot introduction in advance, and go through various film reviews. This kind of movie viewers pursue the feeling of controlling the development of the plot and do not like to show Unexpectedly. | Xiao Li is a screenwriter-style viewer according to the above definition. | entailment |
11,062 | To win democratic elections that are not fully subsidized by the government, nonwealthy candidates must be supported by wealthy patrons. This makes plausible the belief that these candidates will compromise their views to win that support. But since the wealthy are dispersed among the various political parties in roughly equal proportion to their percentage in the overall population, this belief is false. | The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider that in democracies in which elections are not fully subsidized by the government, positions endorsed by political parties might be much less varied than the positions taken by candidates. | entailment |
6,232 | If capable people are not influenced by the outside world to pursue perfect solutions to problems, but limit their exploration and find satisfactory answers, they can save a lot of energy. | The view expressed in the above paragraph is that people don't always have to find perfect solutions to problems. | not-entailment |
9,991 | A blogger declared: my analysis of the future trend of housing prices has been followed by more than 1000 netizens, I counted, 85% of the posts agree with me.This shows that most people agree with me. | The statement 'Most of the people who follow the blogger's article are loyal fans' most questions the blogger's conclusion. | entailment |
10,645 | Beck: Our computer program estimates municipal automotive use based on weekly data. Some staff question the accuracy of the program' s estimates. But because the figures it provides are remarkably consistent from week to week, we can be confident of its accuracy. | The reasoning in Beck's argument is flawed in that it fails to consider that the program could produce consistent but inaccurate output. | entailment |
7,870 | The four offices of a certain agency, A, B, C, and D, are preparing for in-depth investigations at the grassroots level. The places they are preparing to investigate are Hongxing Township, Chaoyang Township, Yongfeng Street, and Xingfu Street. Each room chooses exactly one place and it is different. Known: (1) Either A chooses Xingfu Street, or B chooses Xingfu Street, and the two must be one of them;(2) either A chooses Red Star Township or C chooses Yongfeng County Street; (3) if C chooses Yongfeng County Street, D chooses Happy Street. | Based on the above statement, it can be concluded that D chose Yongfeng Street. | entailment |
4,276 | A long time ago, potatoes were called ghost apples in France, and farmers were reluctant to introduce them. An agronomist came up with a way to plant potatoes on a piece of land and was guarded by an armed King's guard in military dress. At night, the guard deliberately withdrew. As a result, people came to steal potatoes and introduced them into their own fields. In this way, potato planting has been rapidly promoted in France. | The most appropriate conclusion that can be inferred is that people tend to break rules and restrictions. | entailment |
3,718 | Some studies have shown that confiding your troubles to others is an effective way to relieve stress, but in real life, more than 40% of people do not confide in their troubles to others, and this group of people often feel that their work and life are more stressful. Therefore, the more often a person confides his troubles to others, the less stress he feels in work and life. | By default, stress-relieving behavior is necessary for individuals can best point out the shortcomings of the above argument. | not-entailment |
7,700 | Synaesthesia is a psychological phenomenon in which one sense causes another to change. | The bedroom is decorated with warm colors to make people feel warm takes advantage of synaesthesia. | entailment |
10,446 | During World War II, the air forces of the United States and Britain bombed Germany and suffered heavy losses. Experts found that the belly of all the returning planes was covered with bullet marks, but the wings were intact. They concluded that the belly of the plane is very vulnerable to gunfire and that the protection of the belly should be improved. It was later confirmed that they were affected by survivor bias when these experts speculated, because the reality was that all the planes that were hit on the wing crashed, while most of the planes that were only hit in the belly returned. | In a random sampling survey with a large enough sample, it is found that in China, the TV program with the largest audience is News Network does not have a similar survivor bias. | entailment |
11,691 | Travel agent: Studies show that people who travel frequently normally earn substantially more money, enjoy more time with their family, and have better physical health than people who do not travel often. Traveling is often described as a pleasurable experience. It is wonderful to see that traveling also increases a person' s quality of life. | The statement 'people who have more money, time to spend with their families, and better physical health are more likely to travel frequently' is the reason the conclusion above is unwarranted. | entailment |
3,718 | Some studies have shown that confiding your troubles to others is an effective way to relieve stress, but in real life, more than 40% of people do not confide in their troubles to others, and this group of people often feel that their work and life are more stressful. Therefore, the more often a person confides his troubles to others, the less stress he feels in work and life. | The statement 'By default, increasing the frequency of behavior helps to enhance the effect of behavior' can best point out the shortcomings of the above argument. | entailment |
8,981 | The problem faced by a developing country is that in order to maintain its economic development, we must constantly strengthen the competitiveness of domestic enterprises; in order to maintain social stability, we must constantly establish and improve social security systems such as old-age pension, medical care, unemployment and so on. In order to establish and improve the social security system, enterprises need to pay a certain proportion of social insurance premiums for their employees every year. If the enterprise pays such a proportion of social insurance premiums for its employees every year, it will reduce the competitiveness of the enterprise. | The conclusion that the country cannot maintain its economic development or its social stability can be deduced from the above statement. | entailment |
3,723 | Excessively dense urban layout is not only easy to produce heat island effect, but also does not meet the requirements of ecological aesthetics. Therefore, urban construction should open the layout as far as possible, reasonably interval the city groups, so that the city looks smooth and orderly, not crowded, not cluttered. | The most similar logic to the discussion process is the statement that perfect legal service is an important part of the business environment and a measure of a city's attractiveness. | not-entailment |
1,418 | After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, the massive development and utilization of energy has become the mainstream of the economic development of various countries, and the scale of its development degree directly determines the economic growth of a country. In particular, the large-scale development and utilization of coal and the supply of a large amount of cheap oil have rewritten the economic development history of industrialized countries. The energy strategy studied by economics is mainly how to ensure the increasing demand of economic and social development with the increasing energy supply, and any research and development to improve the level of energy consumption is considered uneconomical and uneconomical. This energy strategy has played a positive role in encouraging people to develop and utilize energy and ensuring the rapid growth of infrastructure and industry in industrialized countries, but there is no restriction on the development of energy, resulting in the destruction and waste of energy resources. it has formed environmental pollution and public hazards that can not be cured up to now. | The economic significance of energy strategy is far from offsetting its harm to the environment can be concluded based on this. | entailment |
3,899 | A group of children were arguing about what day it was. A said: today is not Sunday.B said: today is Friday. C said :the day before yesterday was Saturday. D said :yesterday was Tuesday.E said: today is Tuesday. F said: today is neither Monday nor Tuesday, it's not even Wednesday. In fact, only one of them got it right. | Today is Sunday. | entailment |
8,937 | According to probability theory, tossing a fair coin has almost equal probability of getting heads and tails. I bet with people that if the coin toss comes heads, I win; if it comes tails, I lose. I tossed a coin 6 times and it all came up tails, and I've lost 6 times in a row. So my next few tosses are definitely heads up and will definitely win back. | It doesn't make sense, because each toss is an independent event, unrelated to the previous results is an appropriate evaluation of I's reasoning. | entailment |
8,028 | With the increasing aging of society, there are more and more empty nesters in many communities. They cannot take care of the little things in their lives and need special care from the society. At present, there is still a lack of social care for some elderly people living alone. During the holidays, although the relevant departments come to deliver food, oil, clothing, money and other condolences, but for the empty nest elderly, the care is not in place and the measures are not effective. In this case, it is necessary to set up some traditional nursing homes, homes for the elderly, community mutual aid societies and other places that are more suitable for empty nesters to spend their twilight years, which can not only meet the needs of the elderly, but also relieve the worries of their children. At the same time, it also strengthens the communication and mutual assistance among the people in the community, so that more and more old people live a rich and colorful life in their twilight years. | The main description of this passage is that we need to give life and spiritual help to the empty nesters. | entailment |
8,407 | Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang, Xiao Li and Xiao Zhao joined the study group. Everyone chooses one of these three books from the first volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, the second volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and the third volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and then selects one or three topics from this book to study, and talk about the experience. It is known that: (1) the books selected by Xiao Zhang and Xiao Zhao are different, and the number of topics they choose to study is also different. (2) one person chose a topic to study. Two people chose two topics to study. (3) Xiao Li chose the three topics in the third volume of Xi Jinping on Governance. (4) each book was selected. Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhao selected the first volume of Xi Jinping on governing the country. | Xiao Wang chose two topics to study can be inferred. | entailment |
5,325 | Reptiles are not amphibians, and all amphibians are oviparous. So all oviparous animals are not reptiles. | Excessive doting on children will cause them to often cry. Frequent crying will make children have gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, children's gastrointestinal problems may be caused by parents' doting is the same as the problem-based reasoning form. | not-entailment |
1,762 | The term post-1980s, which first appeared in online forums in 2001, refers to a group of poets born in the 1980s who are active in online forums To refer to the entire group of young people born in the 1980s. | The best heading for this paragraph is 'The origin of post-80s'. | entailment |
333 | 1.Xiao Zhang is one of the senior employees of Pepsi-Cola Company in China. 2.It is possible that Xiao Zhang only drinks Coca-Cola. | A premise implied by the statement of 2. is that the two coke tastes very similar. | not-entailment |
2,799 | The pollution problem caused by the burial of industrial waste is most prominent in the moderately developed countries, while it is not prominent in the developed and underdeveloped countries. Underdeveloped countries are because there is not much industrial waste that can be processed. Developed countries are either because they have effectively reduced industrial waste, or because they have effectively processed industrial waste. Country H is a moderately developed country. Therefore, the pollution caused by the burial of industrial waste will be substantially changed in five years. | The statement 'Country H will maintain its development level unchanged for five years' is most likely to be assumed by the above argument. | not-entailment |
1,733 | Qin Mu Gong asked Bole to recommend his successor. Bole said Jiufanggao could afford the post. Under the orders of Lord Mu, Jiufanggao went out to look for horses and returned three months later to say that the horses had been found. Mu Gong asked: where is the horse? Jiufanggao replied: yellow male horse. Mu Gong sent someone to pick up the horse, and the horse taker reported that it was a black mare. Mu Gong is not happy, responsibility Bole: the person you recommend can't even distinguish between the yellow and black male and female of a horse, how can you tell whether it is good or bad?As Jiufanggao observed, the mystery between heaven and earth: he got its subtlety, gave up its roughness, examined its interior and forgot its appearance, saw what he should have seen, but did not see what he did not have to see, inspected the places he should have explored, and abandoned the places he did not have to explore. People like Jiufanggao who are good at identifying Chollima are indeed more valuable than Chollima. When the horse arrives, it is really a good horse in the world. | Seeing what you see, not seeing what you don't see is the key to understanding things correctly supports the main point above. | not-entailment |
3,912 | The actual situation is just the opposite of the theoretical expectation.In the United States, for example, there are 15.1 million full-time civil servants in its population of more than 200 million, or about one in a dozen on average. This vast bureaucracy wastes a third of the defense budget on unhelpful rules and regulations, doing things that need not be done. The Department of Defense Rules and regulations are almost unrivalled in their complexity. There are 800 pages of regulations for military housing and 8,800 pages for civilian military personnel. | The historical roots of the enormous size of the US government is most likely to be described in the article next. | not-entailment |
7,487 | A university actively guided college students to carry out summer social practice activities and achieved remarkable results. The school and a township jointly selected two students with excellent academic and academic performance to serve as village officials in the township. After multiple assessments, four people A, B, C, and D Discuss the possibility of being selected together.A said: I will not be selected. B said: If I am selected, then C will be selected. C said: If B is selected, D will be selected. Ding said: B Will be selected but C will not be selected. | The judgment that B and D will be selected must be true if only one of the four guessed correctly. | not-entailment |
7,314 | Some theories are quite abstract. Therefore, some abstract theories are difficult to understand. | In order for this reasoning to be correct, the prerequisite that all theories are hard to understand must be added. | entailment |
7,124 | The basic rights and obligations of citizens refer to the minimum legal rights and obligations that Chinese citizens should enjoy and perform as recognized by the constitution. | According to the above definition, the correct statement is that fundamental rights indicate the constitutional status of citizens and constitute the basis of a national rights system. | entailment |
13,784 | Sea turtle hatchlings leaving their hatching grounds on Florida beaches reach ocean currents by swimming to the northeast, as defined by the north of the Earth' s magnetic field. Florida hatchlings placed in a large indoor tank also swim toward the northeast. But when the tank is surrounded by an artificial magnetic field twice as strong as the Earth' s field and opposite in direction, the hatchlings swim in the direction opposite to that in which they swim without the artificial magnetic field. | The information in the statements above most strongly supports the conclusion that the direction in which ocean currents flow is determined by the magnetic field of the Earth. | not-entailment |
7,947 | No matter what article is selected into the Chinese teaching material, it is no longer an independent work in the original sense, but an organic part of the whole teaching material system, which is the basis of basic skills training. | An organic part of the whole teaching material system refers to the reliance of basic skills training. | not-entailment |
14,391 | Educational Theorist: Recent editorials have called for limits on the amount of homework assigned to children. They point out that free-time activities play an important role in childhood development and that large amounts of homework reduce children' s free time, hindering their development. But the average homework time for a ten year old, for example, is little more than 30 minutes per night. Clearly, ttherefore, there is no need to impose the limits these editorials are calling for. | Individual teachers are not the best judges of how much homework to assign the children they teach is an assumption on which the educational theorist's argument relies. | not-entailment |
14,391 | Educational Theorist: Recent editorials have called for limits on the amount of homework assigned to children. They point out that free-time activities play an important role in childhood development and that large amounts of homework reduce children' s free time, hindering their development. But the average homework time for a ten year old, for example, is little more than 30 minutes per night. Clearly, ttherefore, there is no need to impose the limits these editorials are calling for. | The assumption that individual teachers are not the best judges of how much homework to assign the children they teach is on which the educational theorist's argument relies. | not-entailment |
1,491 | Wechat provides a vibrant public life, which makes it difficult to reach a consensus on public discussion rules. The renovation speed of social tools is far faster than the formation speed of public discussion rules. In other words, this rapidly gushing discussion enthusiasm and the pleasure of just getting rid of realistic rules make people unwilling to be subject to any framework, so that in recent years, what rules to follow to debate, It has also become a common topic of public debate. As an expert said, shared media can promote the development of social forces independent of the state, but it obviously needs a long multi-dimensional collision and repeated struggle to take shape. Wechat not only promotes the freedom of individual discourse and the equality of discourse power, but also makes this standing in line and tearing more frequent and lower cost. | The statement "It is very difficult to form new rules of public discussion under shared media" is what the passage mainly says. | not-entailment |
9,495 | Most of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, and life is born in the oceans. However, it is estimated that 80% of Earth's species live on land, compared to only 15% in the oceans and the remaining 5% in freshwater. The researchers believe that the physical layout of terrestrial habitats may be more fragmented than the ocean, which is one of the main reasons for the greater diversity of terrestrial species. | Over time, natural selection can even turn different groups of the same species on two islands into distinct species, according to records from one archipelago would most strengthen the researcher's argument. | entailment |
4,477 | Cold chain refers to a special supply chain system in which perishable food is always in the low temperature environment necessary for products in all links of product processing, storage, transportation, distribution and retail after being purchased or fished from the origin, so as to ensure food quality and safety, reduce loss and prevent pollution. | The statement 'In order to save energy, the refrigerator selling popsicles in the canteen of the campus supermarket stops for one hour every five hours' is an example of cold chains according to the definition above. | not-entailment |
14,221 | Fearing competition from stores that rent video games for home use, owners of stores that sell video games lobbied for protective legislation. Citing as a precedent legislation that postpones home film rentals until one year after general release to theaters, the video sellers proposed as an equitable solution a plan that would postpone rental of any video game until it had been available for sale for one year. | The statement 'People who rent video games tend to play them by themselves, whereas people who rent films invite friends and neighbors to watch' would support an objection by owners of video rental stores that the fairness of the proposed legislation is not supported by the precedent cited. | not-entailment |
8,543 | A community recently conducted a survey on the relationship between pet ownership and happiness in family life. The survey interviewed 100 families, including the type of pets, the time of keeping pets, the education and occupation of family members, and so on. The results show that the happiness of family members in families with pets is generally higher than that in families without pets. This shows that keeping pets helps to improve the happiness of family life. | The statement 'The people who keep pets in this community are usually the residents with better living conditions' most weakens the above argument. | not-entailment |
2,019 | Although he later stepped into philosophical pessimism, it had nothing to do with his life. In the real world, he can be regarded as a lucky man. | The most correct understanding of the above words is that his luck in the real world led to his philosophical pessimism. | entailment |
13,965 | Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would ttherefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child' s accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one' s own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand. | The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on the statement that 'All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.' | entailment |
15,098 | Caterpillars of all species produce an identical hormone called juvenile hormone that maintains feeding behavior. Only when a caterpillar has grown to the right size for pupation to take place does a special enzyme halt the production of juvenile hormone. This enzyme can be synthesized and will, on being ingested by immature caterpillars, kill them by stopping them from feeding. | Many agricultural pests do not go through a caterpillar stage most strongly supports the view that it would NOT be advisable to try to eradicate agricultural pests that go through a caterpillar stage by spraying croplands with the enzyme mentioned above. | not-entailment |
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