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8,550 | Canadian researchers tracked the weight gain of 757 3-to 4-month-old babies for three years. The results showed that children who were already overweight or even obese at the age of 3 had different intestinal flora from those of normal weight. After a further study of the living environment of the babies tested, the researchers found that the babies who grew up in the families with the highest use of disinfectants contained twice as many helicobacteria in their intestines as the average. Spirillaceae bacteria feed on undigested carbohydrate fiber in the human body, which is broken down to provide the body with extra calories. The increase of this kind of bacteria causes the child to produce too much heat in the body and begin to gain weight at an early age. | The main content of the text is that it is necessary to control calorie intake in infants and young children. | not-entailment |
8,215 | In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public. | The emphasis of this text is that self-media people should seek public support. | not-entailment |
12,958 | Civil libertarian: The categorical prohibition of any nonviolent means of expression inevitably poisons a society' s intellectual atmosphere. Ttherefore, those advocating censorship of all potentially offensive art are pursuing a course that is harmful to society. Censorship advocate: You' re wrong, because many people are in agreement about what constitutes potentially offensive art. | The censorship advocate's rebuttal is flawed because it attacks the civil libertarian's character instead of the argument. | not-entailment |
5,536 | The infant's early characteristics can arouse the love and nurturing of adults. Many animals have the characteristics of human babies in shape and behavior.Therefore, people are easily attracted to such animals and make them pets. | The statement 'Many empty-nesters like to keep pets' best supports the above conclusions if it is correct. | entailment |
7,537 | Somewhere along the way, the term leftover woman was coined to refer to single, well-educated, older urban women who are under great pressure to find a mate. The average age at which Chinese women marry is indeed rising. In Shanghai, the number has increased from 29 in 2007 to 30.3 in 2013. Marriage rates drop sharply after women turn 30, but by the age of 35, more than 90 percent of Chinese women are married and there are not many leftover women. The phenomenon of leftover women in China is not as serious as it might seem. | The statement 'The idea that women should marry men better than themselves has had an effect on the best women' is not a cause of the leftover women phenomenon in China. | not-entailment |
132 | The word totem comes from the Indian word totem, meaning its relatives, its mark. In the beliefs of primitive people, the people of this clan are believed to be derived from a certain species, that is, have a close affinity with a certain animal or natural objects. Therefore, totem belief has a relationship with ancestor worship. The second meaning of totem is sign. Totem sign plays an important role in primitive society, and it is the earliest social organization sign and symbol, it has the function of uniting the group, close blood relationship, maintaining social organization and distinguishing from each other | The statement 'The Mongolian people regard heaven as the eternal supreme god, and the meaning of Genghis Khan is the king relies on power of heaven' is not a totem phenomenon according to the above definition. | entailment |
11,804 | Half a dozen Q40 airliners have crashed in the past two years. The manufacturer has countered claims that the Q40' s design is faulty by pointing out that, in each of the accidents, investigations indicated pilot error as the cause. | In four of the crashes, the pilot's error involved disregarding instructions or information supplied by air-traffic control provides the strongest support for the manufacturer's position. | entailment |
10,739 | If one wants to succeed, then one should act as though one were genuinely confident about one' s abilities, even if one actually distrusts one' s skills. Success is much more easily obtained by those who genuinely believe themselves capable of succeeding than by those filled with self-doubts. | Genuine confidence is often a by-product of pretended self-confidence most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
2,993 | Some new employees become government cadres as soon as they enter the factory. In the re-election of the factory, all Hunan workers supported Li Yang's election as factory director, and all government cadres opposed Li Yang's election as factory director. | not-entailment |
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6,197 | The world is in a period of great development, change and adjustment, and peace and development remain the themes of the times. World multi-polarization, economic globalization, social informatization and cultural diversity are developing in depth, changes in the global governance system and the international order are accelerating, countries are increasingly interconnected and interdependent, the balance of international power is becoming more balanced, and the general trend of peaceful development is irreversible. The instability and uncertainty facing the world are prominent, the momentum of world economic growth is insufficient, the polarization between the rich and the poor is becoming more and more serious, regional hot spot issues emerge one after another, terrorism, cyber security, major infectious diseases, climate change and other non-traditional security threats continue to spread, and mankind is facing many common challenges. | People of all countries should make concerted efforts to address the various risks and challenges we face might follow from the above text. | entailment |
7,465 | In the Six Dynasties, the famous talker Liu Zun talked a lot, but he also admired people who didn't talk. He was very happy to see Jiang Quan not speaking often, and said: Jiang Quan can't speak, but it's really admirable to be able to not speak. Jiang Quan knew that he was not talking, but he knew how to hide. Not everyone knows where his shortcomings are, so as to be a teacher, there are countless people who can talk about it. It is excusable to be able to talk and love to talk; many people know that they are not good at talking. It happens that they keep talking and explode their shortness, which is often annoying. Therefore, it can be said that Jiang Quan's doing this is actually an extremely rare kind of intelligence. | Being able to speak without saying is a kind of extremely rare intelligence, if correct, can best support the above statement. | not-entailment |
3,375 | Social morality refers to the moral norms gradually formed in human long-term social practice and should be followed by every social citizen in performing social obligations or activities involving social public interests. In essence, it is the moral norms, cultural concepts and ideological traditions accumulated in social practice by a country, a nation or a group in the long history. | Xiao Liu is recognized as a good comrade by his unit, but he just likes to wear trendy clothes does not belong to the category of social morality. | entailment |
10,618 | After examining the options, the budget committee discovered that QI' s office-phone system would be inexpensive enough to be within the cost limit that had been set for the committee. However, Corelink' s system must also be inexpensive enough to be within the limit, since it is even less expensive than QI' s system. | The reasoning in the argument above is most closely paralleled by the statement 'John's blood-alcohol level was far above the legal limit for driving, so even if it turns out that Paul's blood-alcohol level was lower than John's, it too must have been above the legal limit.' | not-entailment |
2,418 | There are three foreign students sitting side by side on the bench. It is known that: (1) at least one of the two people on the right of the Sudanese student is a French student. (2) among the two French students on the left, there is a French student. (3) at least one of the two people on the left of the boy is a girl. (4) one of the two people on the right of the girl is also a girl. | Girl from Sudan, girl from France, boy from France is true for these three people. | entailment |
14,292 | The labeling of otherwise high-calorie foods as sugar-free, based on the replacement of all sugar by artificial sweeteners, should be prohibited by law. Such a prohibition is indicated because many consumers who need to lose weight will interpret the label sugar-free as synonymous with low in calories and harm themselves by building weight-loss diets around foods labeled sugar-free. Manufacturers of sugar-free foods are well aware of this tendency on the part of consumers. | Product labels that are literally incorrect, but in such an obvious manner that no rational consumer would rely on them, should nevertheless be prohibited by law most helps to justify the conclusion in the passage. | not-entailment |
10,258 | The president of the company believes that the prosecution procedure should allow prosecutors and defendants to choose mediators who will help them solve the problem. The cost of prosecution is high, and the mediator is likely to solve most of these problems. However, the suggestion from the company's human resources department is to start mediation later in the prosecution process, which has little effect. | As the debate in court goes on, the attitude between opponents will toughen, making compromise less likely strongly supports the criticism of the president of the company to the criticism of the HR. | entailment |
8,549 | Mr. Zhang intends to buy several kinds of flowers, and his intention is as follows: (1) buy at most one kind of rose and tulip; (2) buy at least one kind of peony, rose and daisy; (3) buy at least two kinds of tulips, daisies and lilies; and (4) if you buy tulips, do not buy peonies. | According to the above intention, at least one kind of daisies and roses has been bought. | entailment |
8,754 | It is generally believed that advertisers will do whatever it takes to attract customers. But this is not always the case for advertisers. Recently, in order to expand the sales section, a family magazine called Haven has changed its name to purgatory, which mainly features violent and pornographic content. As a result, some perennial advertisers of Harbor magazine refused to renew their contracts and switch to other publications, which shows that these advertisers consider not only economic interests, but also moral responsibilities. | The statement 'Magazines that publish violent and pornographic content usually have high sales but low credibility' can best weaken the above argument. | not-entailment |
11,751 | Commentator: In academic scholarship, sources are always cited, and methodology and theoretical assumptions are set out, so as to allow critical study, replication, and expansion of scholarship. In open-source software, the code in which the program is written can be viewed and modified by individual users for their purposes without getting permission from the producer or paying a fee. In contrast, the code of proprietary software is kept secret, and modifications can be made only by the producer, for a fee. This shows that open-source software better matches the values embodied in academic scholarship, and since scholarship is central to the mission of universities, universities should use only open-source software. | The commentator's reasoning most closely conforms to the principle that universities should choose the type of software technology that best matches the values embodied in the activities that are central to the mission of universities. | entailment |
1,962 | If China wants to make great achievements in the 21st century, it should not only make efforts on the general skills of international competition and interaction, but more importantly, it should have a clear understanding of the evolution and development trend of world political characteristics in time, so as to stimulate greater strategic wisdom, have a keen insight into the possible trends of the world in the future, timely eliminate all kinds of drawbacks that are not suitable for future development, and safeguard national security and interests. Seek the all-round development of society. In other words, the mission of international strategy is not and cannot be to design some kind of self-righteous outcome for the world. | China's international strategy should clearly recognize the evolution of world political characteristics and the general trend of development is intended to be emphasized in this passage. | not-entailment |
254 | A, B, and C sell their products. Among the three products, one is counterfeit, and the other two are genuine. A said: My product is genuine, and B's product is counterfeit; B said: My product is genuine, and C's product is counterfeit; C said: B's product is genuine, A's product is counterfeit. It is known that one of A, B, and C told all turth, one half turth, half lie, and the other told all lies | A sells counterfeit goods. | entailment |
11,468 | Mary to Jamal: You acknowledge that as the legitimate owner of this business I have the legal right to sell it whenever I wish. But also you claim that because loyal employees will suffer if I sell it, I ttherefore have no right to do so. Obviously, your statements taken together are absurd. | Mary's reasoning is most vulnerable to the criticism that she overlooks the possibility that when Jamal claims that she has no right to sell the business, he simply means she has no right to do so at this time. | not-entailment |
12,338 | Television host: While it' s true that the defendant presented a strong alibi and considerable exculpatory evidence and was quickly acquitted by the jury, I still believe that there must be good reason to think that the defendant is not completely innocent in the case. Otherwise, the prosecutor would not have brought charges in the first place. | The reasoning in the television host's argument is flawed in that the argument places undue reliance on the judgments of an authority figure. | entailment |
12,137 | Lobsters and other crustaceans eaten by humans are more likely to contract gill diseases when sewage contaminates their water. Under a recent proposal, millions of gallons of local sewage each day would be rerouted many kilometers offshore. Although this would substantially reduce the amount of sewage in the harbor where lobsters are caught, the proposal is pointless, because hardly any lobsters live long enough to be harmed by those diseases. | The statement 'Lobsters, like other crustaceans, live longer in the open ocean than in industrial harbors' most seriously weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
9,789 | Related marketing means that businesses find the relevance of the marketing content of products and brands through the integration of resources, so as to achieve deep and multifaceted guidance. | By building an experience space, a TV manufacturer can make customers feel the visual experience brought by the LCD screen, so as to promote the sales of TV sets does not reflect related marketing according to the above definition. | entailment |
11,026 | A certain auto repair shop services a particular make of car in the downtown region of a particular city. Three years ago, 4% of all repairs at this shop were not successful --- the mechanics were not able to restore the car to a drivable state. This year, only 2% of all repairs were not successful. Clearly, the mechanics training course, given over a year ago, has considerably increased the skill of mechanics at this particular shop, so that fewer cars are beyond their ability to repair. | The statement 'Three years ago, statewide smog regulations had the effect of removing the oldest and most unreliable vehicles from the road' does not weaken the argument. | not-entailment |
1,123 | It is reported that a mature female rat reproduces once in about 20 days. A small litter can give birth to six or seven small mice, and as many as a dozen small mice. And a little mouse can reach sexual maturity and reproductive ability at 1.5 to 2.5 months. Interestingly, scientists discovered that mice have a family planning function. When the total number of rats in an area is large, the rats will slow down their frequency of reproduction, and when there are fewer rats or people are mass extermination of rats, they will speed up reproduction and make the rats multiply rapidly. | The main point of this passage is that mice have a short lifespan, so their life cycle is also short. | not-entailment |
10,669 | Morton: In order to succeed in today' s society, one must have a college degree. Skeptics have objected that there are many people who never completed any education beyond high school but who are nevertheless quite successful. This success is only apparent, however, because without a college degree a person does not have enough education to be truly successful. | Morton's argument is flawed because it fails to consider the status of alleged counterexamples. | not-entailment |
13,202 | Psychologist: Some people contend that children should never be reprimanded. Any criticism, let alone punishment, they say, harms children' s self-esteem. This view is laudable in its challenge to the belief that children should be punished whenever they misbehave, yet it gives a dangerous answer to the question of how often punishment should be inflicted. When parents never reprimand their children, they are in effect rewarding them for unacceptable behavior, and rewarded behavior tends to recur. | The view that children should never be reprimanded functions in the psychologist's argument as a statement of a position that the psychologist's argument is designed to establish as true. | not-entailment |
8,317 | The twin towers effect refers to the phenomenon that two powerful neighboring economies unite and make use of their respective ability to gather radiation to jointly promote the development of the surrounding region. | The twin towers effect belongs to a certain city that has integrated the core areas with strong economic foundation and limited development space with the suburbs with weak foundation but great potential for development, and the comprehensive strength of the city has been significantly improved soon. | not-entailment |
2,061 | The protection of patents and trade secrets of biotechnology and other high-tech achievements in the existing intellectual property system promotes invention and creation; the existing intellectual property system protects the copyright of computer software and literary works (including written and audio-visual works, etc.), it promotes intellectual creation in the industrial and cultural fields. However, in protecting the flow of today's intellectual creation and creation, people have neglected the protection of the intellectual property rights of their sources for a long time. Traditional knowledge, especially the expression of folk literature, is an important part of this source. | The main emphasis of this passage is that it is very important to protect traditional knowledge and folk literature. | entailment |
15,090 | Columnist: If you received an unsigned letter, you would likely have some doubts about the truth of its contents. But news stories often include statements from anonymous sources, and these are usually quoted with the utmost respect. It makes sense to be skeptical of these sources, for, as in the case of the writer of an unsigned letter, their anonymity makes it possible for them to plant inaccurate or slanted statements without ever having to answer for them. | The columnist's argument proceeds by inferring that an attitude would be justified in all situations of a given type on the grounds that this attitude is justified in a hypothetical situation of that type. | not-entailment |
10,576 | Firms adopting profit-related-pay (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm' s profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts. | The statement "In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place, the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those firms where workers have more traditional contracts" would most seriously weaken the argument that PRP contracts increase worker productivity. | not-entailment |
7,766 | In order to enrich the spare-time life of employees, a certain company allocates a fixed amount of funds each year for the travel benefits of its employees. Some employees of the company have spontaneously established a travel companion association, and some people in the travel companion association are the technical backbone of the company. Recently, the Some of the leaders of the company are preparing to embezzle the funds for other purposes.This idea has been approved by all members of the company's management, but the members of the Travel Friends Association did not agree with the decision of the company's management. | Some management members are technical backbones can be derived based on the above statement. | not-entailment |
12,051 | A common genetic mutation that lowers levels of the enzyme cathepsin C severely reduces a person' s ability to ward off periodontitis, or gum disease. The enzyme triggers immunological reactions that destroy diseased cells and eliminate infections in the mouth. But researchers are developing ways to restore the enzyme to normal levels. Once that happens, we will be able to eliminate periodontitis. | Researchers will soon succeed in finding means of restoring cathepsin C to normal levels is an assumption on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
8,717 | With the help of DNA preserved in animal fossils and specimens, and using increasingly advanced cloning and genetic technology, humans have been able to revive some long-extinct animals, such as mammoths, dodos, dinosaurs and so on. At the same time, there is also a big discussion in the scientific community about whether human beings should resurrect extinct animals. Supporters believe that resurrected animals are expected to restore the damaged ecological environment in some areas. For example, mammoths live on the vast grasslands of Siberia, and their droppings are excellent fertilizers for nourishing the grasslands. After the mammoth became extinct, the prairie lacking fertilizer was gradually replaced by the tundra. If the mammoth can be revived and returned to Siberia, it will help to reduce the area of the tundra and gradually restore the grassland ecosystem. | Most of these animals gradually disappeared in the process of human development, and it was human activities that led to their extinction can best refute the views of the above supporters. | not-entailment |
13,632 | Spectroscopic analysis has revealed the existence of frozen nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide on the surface of Pluto. Such ices have a tendency to vaporize, producing an atmosphere. Since the proportion of any gas in such an atmosphere depends directly on how readily the corresponding ice vaporizes, astronomers have concluded that the components of Pluto' s atmosphere are nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, in order of decreasing abundance. | The assumption that there is no more frozen nitrogen on the surface of Pluto than there is either frozen carbon monoxide or methane is required by the astronomers' argument. | not-entailment |
14,961 | Expert: A group of researchers claims to have shown that for an antenna to work equally well at all frequencies, it must be symmetrical in shape and have what is known as a fractal structure. Yet the new antenna developed by these researchers, which satisfies both of these criteria, in fact works better at frequencies below 250 megahertz than at frequencies above 250 megahertz. Hence, their claim is incorrect. | The expert's argument is flawed because it contradicts itself by denying in its conclusion the claim of scientific authorities that it relies on in its premises. | not-entailment |
1,465 | Liu Jiang, director of the Index research office of the Development research Center of the State Post Bureau, said that from January to April, the volume of express delivery business was 17.07 billion pieces, up 24.8% year on year, more than three times the growth rate of the service industry production index in the same period, leading the modern service industry. In the first four months of this year, the total business revenue of China's express delivery service enterprises reached 213.54 billion yuan, up 22.8% year on year. The average daily express processing capacity of the industry reaches 160 million pieces, and the highest is 180 million pieces. The monthly express business volume is close to 5 billion pieces. | 'High order operation of express delivery' would be a good title for an article. | entailment |
8,130 | A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department. | The legal Department is in the Xin Building is not possible if the sales department is located in the Wu building. | not-entailment |
13,256 | In a democratic society, when a political interest group exceeds a certain size, the diverse and sometimes conflicting economic interests that can be found in almost any large group of people tend to surface. Once these conflicting interests have surfaced, they can make it impossible for the political interest group to unite behind a common program. Yet to have the political impact necessary to influence legislation, a group must be united. | The statement "Political interest groups generally start out effectively but lose their effectiveness over time" most strongly supports which one of the following views, according to the statements above. | not-entailment |
6,854 | The computer is a leader in modern office supplies, but it was originally invented only for fast computing. If the inventors of computers could imagine the needs of our society in the first place, maybe they will spend more time in mythical fantasies. | The statement 'The era of computer inventors is very different from our society today' does not correspond to the meaning of the preceding paragraph. | not-entailment |
13,143 | Archaeologist: Neanderthals, a human-like species living 60, 000 years ago, probably preserved meat by smoking it. Burnt lichen and grass have been found in many Neanderthal fireplaces. A fire of lichen and grass produces a lot of smoke but does not produce nearly as much heat or light as a wood fire. | Some of the fireplaces containing burnt lichen are in regions in which lichen is not believed to have been plentiful and so would have had to have been brought in from some distance would most weaken the archaeologist's argument. | not-entailment |
6,949 | In accordance with the administrative authority, the state administrative organs conduct a comprehensive inspection of the morality, ability, diligence and performance of national civil servants and pay attention to the actual performance assessment. Assessment is the basis for the management of civil servants and the basis for training, reward and punishment, appointment and removal, and salary increase or decrease; assessment has incentive function and is an important way to improve administrative efficiency; assessment also has a guiding function; at the same time, assessment is conducive to the supervision of civil servants, prevent civil servants at all levels from being masters, break away from the masses to engage in specialization, and even abuse power for personal gain and violate the law and discipline. | The main argument supported in this paragraph is that the assessment of civil servants is a national requirement and it is of great significance. | entailment |
9,738 | A working group plans to conduct field research and initially determine that only one region in eastern, western or northern Guangdong will be selected. In this regard, three people in the working group A, B, C put forward the following opinions: A: eastern Guangdong is more representative in this survey and should go to eastern Guangdong. B: I have already been to northern Guangdong in the last round of research, so we should choose other regions this time. C: I think it is more appropriate to choose western or northern Guangdong to conduct field research. | The working group adopted opinion of C is correct. | entailment |
5,778 | Contract of gift refers to a contract in which one party to a contract gives its property to the other party without compensation. The party giving the property is called the giver and the party receiving the property is called the grantee. | A computer company giving 15 new computers to his alma mater on the occasion of the school celebration may result in a contract of gift according to the above definition. | entailment |
10,862 | DataCom, a company that filed many patents last year, was financially more successful last year than were its competitors, none of which filed many patents. It is ttherefore likely that DataCom owed its greater financial success to the fact that it filed many patents last year. | The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives no reason to exclude the possibility that other differences between DataCom and its competitors accounted for its comparative financial success. | entailment |
1,385 | In good politics, public power must be restricted. The ways of restricting public power can be divided into two types, one is rigid restriction, the other is soft restriction, that is, moral restriction on power. To restrict power, we should not only improve the system and make the restriction of power rigid, but also give full play to the role of official morality and let conscience restrict power. | The statement that "Good politics is created by conscientious officials" is true of the argument in this paragraph. | not-entailment |
14,847 | Asthma, a chronic breathing disorder, is significantly more common today among adult competitive swimmers than it is among competitive athletes who specialize in other sports. Although chlorine is now known to be a lung irritant and swimming pool water is generally chlorinated, it would be rash to assume that frequent exposure to chlorine is the explanation of the high incidence of asthma among these swimmers, since __ . | Until a few years ago, physicians routinely recommended competitive swimming to children with asthma, in the belief that this form of exercise could alleviate asthma symptoms most logically completes the argument given. | entailment |
14,250 | Farmer: Because water content is what makes popcorn pop, the kernels must dry at just the right speed to trap the correct amount of water. The best way to achieve this effect is to have the sun dry the corn while the corn is still in the field, but I always dry the ears on a screen in a warm, dry room. | The statement 'When popcorn does not dry sufficiently, it will still pop, but it will take several minutes to do so, even under optimal popping conditions' most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the farmer's theory and practice. | not-entailment |
13,841 | Telomerase is an enzyme that is produced only in cells that are actively dividing. For this reason it is generally absent from body tissues in adults. Bone marrow is an exception to this rule, however, since even in adults, bone marrow cells continually divide to replace old blood cells. Cancers are another exception, because their cells are rapidly dividing. | The information provided most strongly supports the statement that cancer of the bone marrow develops more rapidly than cancer growing in any other kind of adult tissue. | not-entailment |
5,752 | Studies have shown that about 2 million years ago, humans began to use stone tools to process food, such as cutting meat and smashing plants. At the same time, humans gradually evolved to form smaller teeth and face shapes, as well as weaker chewing muscles and biting power. Therefore. Researchers speculate that the use of tools weakens the power of chewing, which leads to changes in the shape of human faces. | The statement 'Early humans evolved smaller chewing structures. It is a process that made other changes possible, such as an increase in brain size' would most weaken the above-mentioned researcher's point of view. | not-entailment |
1,515 | The defect of cell outer wall is called wall deficient or L-type bacteria in medicine. Taking penicillin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus as an example, when the dose is sufficient and the action time is sufficient, the synthesis of Staphylococcus cell wall is seriously blocked, resulting in the failure of reproduction and death; If the antibiotic dose is insufficient or the course of treatment is too short, some of the Staphylococcus with strong endurance can be preserved in the form of cell wall defect. This cell is called Staphylococcus aureus L-form. These flawless bacteria can still reproduce and repair into the original bacteria sooner or later. | The correct understanding of the meaning of incomplete skin in the text is bacterial cell wall damage. | entailment |
2,461 | It is impossible that all Hong Kong people can speak Mandarin. | Inevitably, all Hong Kong people can speak Mandarin has the closest meaning to the above judgment. | entailment |
6,488 | While studying Williams syndrome, experts accidentally found that people with musical and mathematical talents are actually caused by genetic disorders or deletions and the same genetic disorder can also lead to psychosis such as schizophrenia. Most children born with Williams syndrome have 20 genes misaligned with chromosome 7. This happens to one out of every 20,000 people in the world. | The significance of chromosome 7 to human beings is most likely to be highlighted by the author next. | not-entailment |
13,733 | There should be a greater use of gasohol. Gasohol is a mixture of alcohol and gasoline, and has a higher octane rating and fewer carbon monoxide emissions than straight gasoline. Burning gasohol adds no more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than plants remove by photosynthesis. | Cars burn on the average slightly more gasohol per kilometer than they do gasoline does not strengthen the argument above. | entailment |
10,753 | Widespread use of the Internet has led to an increase in certain crimes such as information theft and to new crimes like hacking. This seems due, at least in part, to the impersonal nature of the Internet. People seem to feel more free to harm others through the Internet than in person, suggesting that people feel less morally constrained when they use the Internet. For this reason, steps should be taken to educate people about the ethical use of the Internet. | The principle that 'the more educated that people are about the ethical usage of the Internet, the greater the amount of harm that they can do to others' most helps to justify the reasoning in the argument. | not-entailment |
4,221 | In the establishment of civilized society, Western Europe has broken the original family name relationship and established a regional-centered political relationship. Unlike Western Europe, China has established a national system based on the relationship of surnames and the relationship between blood and blood when it established a civilized society. | In Chinese civilization, home is the foundation of the country, the country is the enlargement of the home is correct for a country that is dominated by patriarchal relations of families. | entailment |
1,866 | Animal skulls contain calcium and are difficult to dissolve in water. Someone once did an experiment in which 5 kilograms of pig bones plus 5 kilograms of water were boiled in a pressure cooker for 10 hours. the results showed that the calcium content in a bowl of bone soup was only 10 milligrams, which was less than 20 percent of the calcium content in a bag of milk. Bone soup also dissolves a lot of intraosseous fat, which can cause other health problems. Therefore, drinking bone soup may not be the best dietary therapy for osteoporosis, it is important to pay attention to dietary diversification and eat more calcium-rich foods, such as milk, tofu, shrimp skin, laver and so on. | The main content of this text is that a diversified diet is the most scientific in daily life. | entailment |
7,462 | Express delivery dare not open the door, check the water meter is not allowed to enter the house, always use your hands to press to see if there is water in the meat, go to the supermarket to buy milk bread can not see the shelf life will not easily pay the bill. Doubting everything seems to have become the psychological public knowledge of many people in today's society, and ordinary people have become old unbelievers, which has seriously damaged the credibility of the government, experts and the media. An authoritative survey shows that the overall trust in Chinese society has declined, with less than half of the respondents believing that most people in society are credible. | There are people in society who do not think that a few people in society can be trusted based on the conclusions of the above survey. | not-entailment |
10,555 | Homesteads in rural my country are collectively owned and can only be used by farmers and cannot be bought, sold, leased or inherited. The homestead system guarantees the survival rights of farmers. The houses built by the farmers on the homestead are the assets of the farmers. If farmers are allowed to sell their houses, they are actually allowed to sell the right to use the homestead. If the right to use the homestead is bought by someone else, it will damage the survival rights of farmers. But if farmers are not allowed to sell their houses, it will infringe on farmers' asset rights. | The statement 'If the rights and interests of farmers' survival are not damaged, the rights and interests of farmers' assets will be violated' must be true if the above statements are true. | entailment |
4,436 | Students who want to engage in media work apply for journalism and communication. Li Jin applied for journalism and communication. He must want to engage in media work. | Some students who want to work in the media have applied for journalism and communication supports the assertion most. | not-entailment |
13,908 | Sarah: Some schools seek to foster a habit of volunteering in their students by requiring them to perform community service. But since a person who has been forced to do something has not really volunteered and since the habit of volunteering cannot be said to have been fostered in a person who has not yet volunteered for anything, there is no way this policy can succeed by itself. Paul: I disagree. Some students forced to perform community service have enjoyed it so much that they subsequently actually volunteer to do something similar. In such cases, the policy can clearly be said to have fostered a habit of volunteering. | Paul responds to Sarah's argument by arguing that Sarah is assuming just what she sets out to prove. | not-entailment |
13,524 | Commentator: Human behavior cannot be fully understood without inquiring into nonphysical aspects of persons. As evidence of this, I submit the following: suppose that we had a complete scientific account of the physical aspects of some particular human action -- every neurological, physiological, and environmental event involved. Even with all that we would obviously still not truly comprehend the action or know why it occurred. | The statement 'It fails to indicate whether the speaker is aware of any evidence that could undermine the conclusion' most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning. | not-entailment |
6,966 | Needless to say, bringing economic development into the plan is conducive to maintaining socialist public ownership, preventing the imbalance of economic development, and avoiding periodic economic crises and the resulting waste. However, a perfect economic operation system depends on perfect people to ensure its perfection. For China, a large country with a population of 1.3 billion, these perfect people who make and implement economic plans must have absolutely superhuman wisdom and absolutely noble moral character, like the gods and saints that people worship. | The main argument supported in this paragraph is that we should not approve of bringing the economy fully into the planned track. | entailment |
12,302 | Environmental activist groups, which clean up waste left on beaches, in parks, and along the side of the road, report that glass bottles make up an ever-increasing percentage of waste they remove. It is clear that attempts to decrease the amount of glass that people litter are failing. | An increasing proportion of the paper, plastics, and metal cans that the groups used to remove is now being recycled most seriously weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
4,495 | The uncreated syndrome, or NIH syndrome, is a cultural phenomenon in society, companies, and organizations. People are reluctant to use, buy or accept a product, research or knowledge,the reason is not technical or legal, but simply that it comes from elsewhere. | Based on the above definition, the statement "Residents of a country with a strong patriotic attachment buy only locally produced mobile phones" is related to uncreated syndrome. | entailment |
1,525 | The likes and dislikes of the people should be considered, but their legal concept also needs to be guided by strict law enforcement. In this guidance, the role and re.sponsibility of law enforcement agencies are beyond doubt. Without screening whether the demands of the people are legitimate, they are rational and blindly cater to them. As a result, they can only let the legal blind revel. | The meaning of this sentence is that People's concept of legal system is very weak. | not-entailment |
115 | Evaporative heat dissipation: refers to a heat dissipation method in which the moisture of body fluids transforms from liquid to gas on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes (mainly respiratory mucous membranes), and at the same time takes away a large amount of heat. | Sweating profusely in the sweltering heat belongs to evaporative heat dissipation according to the above definition. | entailment |
10,665 | Researchers in South Australia estimate changes in shark populations inhabiting local waters by monitoring what is termed the catch per unit effort (CPUE). The CPUE for any species of shark is the number of those sharks that commercial sharkfishing boats catch per hour for each kilometer of gill net set out in the water. Since 1973 the CPUE for a particular species of shark has remained fairly constant. Ttherefore, the population of that species in the waters around South Australia must be at approximately its 1973 level. | Since 1980 commercial shark-fishing boats have used sophisticated electronic equipment that enables them to locate sharks with greater accuracy most seriously weakens the argument. | entailment |
877 | A group norm is a code of conduct and standard established by group members applied in a specific environment. It can be divided into two types: descriptive norms and prescriptive norms. Descriptive norms indicate what people should do in a specific situation. It simply tells people which behaviors are effective and suitable. Prescriptive norms specify what people must do in a specific situation, and what behaviors are approved or opposed by people. | Water conservation slogan is according to the above definition, a descriptive norm. | entailment |
7,012 | Just as insect bites can cause itching, skin contact with plant toxins can also cause itching. Studies on itching of oak leaves have found that when they come into contact with plant toxins, skin cells release histamine that causes redness, swelling and itching. Antihistamine drugs such as diphenhydramine can treat this kind of itching, but there is no suitable drug to treat itching caused by allergic eczema. For the latter, the best advice is wear loose clothes and don't scratch with your hands under any circumstances. | The statement 'The symptoms of skin itching are the same, but the mechanism may be different' is inconsistent with the original text. | not-entailment |
13,041 | Philosopher: Scientists talk about the pursuit of truth, but, like most people, they are self-interested. Accordingly, the professional activities of most scientists are directed toward personal career enhancement, and only incidentally toward the pursuit of truth. Hence, the activities of the scientific community are largely directed toward enhancing the status of that community as a whole, and only incidentally toward the pursuit of truth. | The argument improperly infers that each and every scientist has a certain characteristic from the premise that most scientists have that characteristic. This flaw in reasoning weakens the philosopher's argument. | not-entailment |
14,833 | Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available. | The statement 'In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card' most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies. | not-entailment |
6,203 | Whether it is European literature in the 19th century represented by Balzac or modern Chinese literature led by Lu Xun, most of them hold high the banner of realism, reclaim life and shape models. Literary creation since the new era basically adheres to the position of realism, is good at exposing and criticizing the negative objective reality in life, which is completely necessary and very valuable. However, in fact, realistic creation takes humanitarian thought as a weapon and pays attention not only to the analysis of the dark side of society, but also to the display of the highlights of life. Not only the accuracy and profundity of criticizing the dark side of society, but also the writer's care and sympathy for the fate of the characters. | The main criticism of the above words in literary creation since the new period is that writers lack attention to real life. | not-entailment |
14,985 | If the city starts requiring residents to sort the materials that they put out for recycling, then many residents will put more recyclables in with their regular garbage. This will result in more recyclables being buried in the city' s landfill. However, because of the cost of having city workers do the sorting, the sanitation department will not stay within its budget unless the sorting requirement for residents is implemented. | Implementing the sorting requirement would not cause the city's annual cost of sending garbage to its landfill to exceed its current annual cost of sorting recyclables logically follows from the information above. | not-entailment |
5,085 | Soft addiction refers to those compulsive habits, behaviors or restorative emotions. It does not involve any substances with direct biological effects, but is based on certain phenomena that have strong psychological and behavioral effects. | According to the above definition, Xiao Wang always sending his health knowledge, which he is infatuated with, to the moments, causing disgust among his friends is not the phenomenon of soft addiction. | not-entailment |
1,938 | Two kinds of things have opposite characteristics in nature, size, appearance and so on. When people recognize one thing, they will think of another thing from the opposite. This kind of association is called contrastive association. | According to the above definition, Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Xiang: the swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people uses contrastive association. | entailment |
1,828 | A farmer tied an iron ring to the trunk of an elm tree on his farm to facilitate the tying of cattle. As the iron circle of the elm tree grew slowly, the skin of the mathematical elm tree left a deep scar.A year later, it was found that all the elm trees dozens of miles away from elm disease died, but the elm tree which was tied with an iron ring and left a deep scar survived. Botanical studies found that it absorbed a large amount of iron from the rust ring to develop immunity to fungi. | The truth of this passage is that scars sometimes become a nourishment of life. | entailment |
9,437 | Categorization refers to the individual's perception and judgment of the position of himself or others in society, which is not only based on the criteria of different classification of social systems in real society, but also based on the process of social comparison between himself and others. Classification is divided into social classification and self-classification. Social categorization is a subjective psychological process in which individuals divide others into different groups based on the similarity of sharing. Self-categorization means that the process of an individual from an independent individual to a member of a group is realized through classification, and the attribution of the group and the orientation of membership are realized through de-personalization. | Doctor Wang is often very proud of his profession is the self-classification according to the above definition. | entailment |
11,609 | One adaptation that enables an animal species to survive despite predation by other species is effective camouflage. Yet some prey species with few or no other adaptations to counteract predation have endured for a long time with black-and-white coloration that seems unlikely to provide effective camouflage. | The statement 'Conspicuous black-and-white areas help animals of the same species avoid encounters with one another' most contributes to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy mentioned above. | not-entailment |
2,246 | Friendly buying: The act of buying products at or above the wholesale or market price to tide over the producers in the event of large overstocking caused by natural disasters or other irresistible factors. | After days of torrential rain caused flash floods, dozens of mu of local watermelon farmers' watermelons that were about to be sold in the market were flooded. After learning the news, the counterpart city purchased all the watermelons of the local farmers at the market price is an example of friendly procurement. | entailment |
7,966 | In the early stages of highway development, their trend can still follow the landform, that is, along the edge of the river or forest. But now, the highway is ubiquitous, and the animal populations that could roam freely such as wolves and bears are divided into scattered. Compared with the populations of large animals, the populations of smaller animals have greater fluctuations in numbers and are more prone to mixed habitation. | The impact of highway development on animals can be inferred from this text. | entailment |
14,177 | A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool Company has recently claimed that the company is mismanaged. As evidence for this claim, the investor cited the company' s failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products. It is doubtful whether an investor' s sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but <b> in this case it is clearly not justified </b>. It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand. <b> In Burton' s case it indicates no such thing </b>, however: the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers. | The first boldfaced portion states the conclusion of the argument as a whole, and the second boldfaced portion states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support that conclusion. | entailment |
4,280 | On one of the busiest streets in a city, a department store was robbed of a batch of property. After the incident, the local Public Security Bureau arrested three major suspects after investigation. They were A, B and C. Later, after interrogation, the following facts were found out: 1. the criminal escaped with the stolen goods by driving; 2. C will never commit a crime without A; 3. B can't drive; 4. The criminal is one or a group of these three people. | A was guilty can be inferred from above. | entailment |
5,501 | Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, red symbolizes enthusiasm. As soon as I see red, my blood boils. Xiao Li wrote two words in red and said to Xiao Zhang, do you feel blood boiling? | "Xiao Zhang said to Xiao Li, 'Flowers bloom all year round. Flowers are like beautiful women. Everyone likes to see them.'" is consistent with the given stem. | not-entailment |
4,618 | Dumping refers to a behavior in which monopolistic capitalists sell goods at prices far lower than domestic and foreign markets, or even lower than production costs, for a certain period of time in order to defeat competitors and seize foreign markets. | In order to squeeze across China's national industry, Japanese photographic equipment companies sell their film to Chinese consumers at a price below cost is considered dumping. | entailment |
3,270 | Some researchers believe that The traditional Chinese agricultural culture is fundamentally different from the nomadic culture in Europe and America and the Marine culture in Japan, which has a profound impact on people's way of life and ideas, as well as the national defense construction. Thousands of years of agricultural economy and culture is the root cause of some Chinese people's weak sense of national defense and weakened military spirit. | The statement 'The residual concept of small-scale peasant economy is the fundamental reason for the weakening of the warrior spirit of contemporary Chinese people' most weakens the conclusion. | not-entailment |
2,768 | Frugality should be the standard for selecting state cadres. How can a person who doesn't know how to be frugal be responsible for managing money for the people? | Unless you live frugally, you can't become a competent state cadre is consistent with the conclusion of the title stem, except. | not-entailment |
6,080 | The British banking association organizes a training course every year to help bank staff identify counterfeit banknotes. During the training, students can't touch any counterfeit banknotes. They use real banknotes during training and talk about the characteristics of real banknotes in class. Experts explain that students get used to the feeling of real banknotes through repeated contact with real banknotes, fingers and eyes. Once they encounter counterfeit banknotes at work in the future, they will feel very uncomfortable. Although they know nothing about the characteristics of counterfeit banknotes, they subconsciously tell them: this is not real banknotes! according to statistics, the staff who have received this training have much better recognition ability of counterfeit banknotes. | Strengthening the right information helps to improve discrimination is intended to be illustrated in this paragraph. | entailment |
13,690 | Robert: The school board is considering adopting a year-round academic schedule that eliminates the traditional three-month summer vacation. This schedule should be adopted, since teachers need to cover more new material during the school year than they do now. Samantha: The proposed schedule will not permit teachers to cover more new material. Even though the schedule eliminates summer vacation, it adds six new two-week breaks, so the total number of school days will be about the same as before. | Teachers spend no more than a day of class time reviewing old material when students have been away from school for only a few weeks, but have to spend up to a month of class time reviewing after a three-month summer vacation is a response Robert could make that would counter Samantha's argument. | entailment |
13,296 | At one sitting, a typical doughnut eater consumes 4 doughnuts containing a total of 680 calories and 40 grams of fat. The typical bagel eater consumes exactly one bagel, at 500 calories and one or two grams of fat per sitting, though the addition of spreads can raise calorie and fat content to the four-doughnut range. Thus, as far as total calorie content is concerned, there is very little difference between what a typical doughnut eater and a typical bagel eater each consumes at one sitting. | The argument depends on assuming that most bagel eaters are not fully aware of the calorie and fat content of a bagel. | not-entailment |
8,194 | The latest research shows that drinking green tea regularly is good for the cardiovascular system.The researchers followed and studied more than 100,000 participants for seven years.Participants were divided into two groups: those who drank green tea more than three times a week (those who drank green tea more than three times a week) and those who did not drink green tea (those who never drank green tea or drank green tea less than three times a week). The researchers found that those who drank green tea had a 20% lower risk of heart disease and stroke and a 22% lower risk of dying from heart disease and stroke than those who did not drink green tea. | The statement 'Participants in the green tea group were generally older than those in the non-green tea group' best supports the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
7,534 | Nimby effect: residents' aversion to public facilities that may cause environmental pollution near their homes. Out of health and safety concerns, residents sometimes appear highly emotional collective boycott or even resistance behavior. | For half a year, residents of a village have flocked to the urban Management Committee every day to petition for the cancellation of plans to build a large garbage transfer station near their village is not part of the Nimby effect. | not-entailment |
14,441 | Automobile ownership was rare in Sabresia as recently as 30 years ago, but with continuing growth of personal income there, automobile ownership has become steadily more common. Consequently, there are now far more automobiles on Sabresia' s roads than there were 30 years ago, and the annual number of automobile accidents has increased significantly. Yet the annual number of deaths and injuries resulting from automobile accidents has not increased significantly. | The statement 'Because of a vigorous market in used cars, the average age of cars on the road has actually increased throughout the years of steady growth in automobile ownership' most helps to explain why deaths and injuries resulting from automobile accidents have not increased significantly. | not-entailment |
10,016 | Some good things are not cheap. Therefore, not all cheap things are good things. | Some southerners are not Cantonese. Therefore, not all Cantonese are southerners is not a valid option for the above conclusion. | entailment |
8,715 | An online forum compared the recent year with the posts on social issues posted by netizens five years ago, and found that posts such as picking up money, poverty alleviation, and acting bravely for righteousness have increased by 50%. On the other hand, the number of posts related to wrongdoing, evasion and murder has increased by 90%. Thus it can be seen that the social atmosphere is deteriorating rapidly. | If true, the statement that some people have made a profit by spreading rumors on the internet most weakens the above argument. | not-entailment |
13,389 | Essayist: Human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality. Yet aging and death are normal and inevitable, indeed even desirable. Just imagine the ethical, social, and economic consequences that would result if it ever became possible to prevent them. | The claim that human history is filled with the longing for eternal youth and immortality introduces the subject of the argument, but plays no logical role in establishing the main conclusion. | entailment |
10,851 | Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs. An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust. | Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above. | not-entailment |
3,563 | Social integration: refers to the process of adjusting or coordinating the contradictions and conflicts between various parts of society, so that the entire society becomes a unified and well-functioning system. Through social integration, the various parts of the social system that are both independent and interconnected Comply with each other and form a state of equilibrium. | New social class people born in economic development is not social integration according to the above definition. | entailment |
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