Datasets:

---

hpprc

/

enwiki

like 4

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": ".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Schloss Ebnet is a baroque mansion in Ebnet, a district of Freiburg im Breisgau.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Earlier than 1113 the Abbey of Saint Peter in the Black Forest acquired property in Ebnet from Duke Berthold of Zähringen through an exchange of property. Around 1348, a knight Schnewlin von Landeck, a member of an influential family in Breisgau, is reffered to as the lord of Ebnet. Ebnet came into the possession of the Barons of Sickingen, a Baden noble family, in 1568 through the marriage of Anna von Landeck, the last representative of the Schnewlin von Landeck family.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "They had a manor house built in Ebnet in 1696 on the site of a moated castle and used it as a summer residence. Their city palace in Freiburg is today the seat of the Freiburg District Court. In 1804, the barons' land was transferred with the Breisgau to the Baden state, to which the Sickingen family also sold the palace in 1809. The grandson of Grand Duke Charles sold it in 1811 to the barons of Gayling von Altheim, who still live in it today.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The mansion was built from 1748 onwards by order of Baron Ferdinand Sebastian von Sickingen-Hohenburg according to a design by the architect Johann Jacob Fechter from Basel because the previous building no longer met the client's requirements. Important Baroque artists from the region were consulted for the artistic decoration, in particular Christian Wentzinger, who created the human-sized sandstone sculptures in the palace park, the originals of which are now in the Museum of City History Freiburg. The stucco work in the 14 rooms of the palace was created by Wessobrunner stucco-worker Hans Georg Gigl, the richly decorated stucco masks in the garden hall by Wentzinger. The ceiling paintings, especially in the garden hall, are mainly allegorical, painted in 1750 by the Allgäu artist Benedikt Gambs. The ceiling of the garden hall is signed by the artist. After Gamb's death, the ceiling painting of the magnificent staircase was created by Johann Pfunner (*around 1713/16 - †1788), who came from Tyrol and lived in Freiburg.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The appearance before the remodeling is documented on the high altarpiece in the Ebnet parish church St. Hilarius. The picture was painted in 1730 by Franz Bernhard Altenburger. It shows Hilarius and the second patron saint of the church, St. Remigius, as they lower God's gifts of grace onto Ebnet, whose local view angel children unroll. The earlier appearance of the village and the castle can be seen in this view of the village.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "During the Second World War, the castle was not bombed, but the Volkssturm blew up the Eschbach bridge in front of the castle, causing considerable damage. Numerous windows and parts of the roof were broken. The worst hit was the ceiling painting in the garden hall, which was later restored.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "During the war, up to 100 refugees from the Ruhr area, Ludwigshafen, Freiburg and the surrounding area were housed in the castle and its outbuildings. The later Minister of Culture of Bavaria, Hans Maier, also spent the bombing night of November 27, 1944 in the cellar of Ebnet castle. The last refugees did not leave the property until 1950/51. The kitchen was originally located in the cellar and was moved to the first floor in 1958. The castle also served as one of the locations for the 1958 music and local history film Schwarzwälder Kirsch.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The castle was extensively restored in the 1980s. The Theodor Egel Hall, which now serves as a rehearsal room for the Freiburg Bach Choir, was built in the castle park in place of a coach house. Today, the castle is only open to the public for special cultural events such as the Ebneter Kultursommer or on Open Monument Day.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1991/92, the historic riding hall with a riding arena measuring 20 × 40 meters, which had been dismantled at the Rosenstiel riding club in Littenweiler, was rebuilt true to the original in Ebneter Schlosspark. The riding hall houses the Holzingstube, named after Max Freiherr von Holzing-Berstett (1867 to 1936). Holzing-Berstett was a dressage rider and played a key role in the international dressage rules that apply today. Since 2006, the \"Storchenschule Ebnet\" has also been housed in the parlor, where information about the life of the animals is permanently presented.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The castle complex belongs to the \"Hôtel entre Cour et Jardin\" type - palace between courtyard and garden. The group of buildings consists of four parts: the gatehouse, the farm building opposite it, the chapel and the main building, which are grouped around a spacious courtyard. The main façade faces the garden. A projecting central gable is adorned with the family's magnificent coat of arms and is further emphasized by the balcony and the double flight of steps. The head of construction was Simon Schratt (1714-1781) from Altstätten in Oberallgäu. At the other end of the garden are the outbuildings such as stables, sheds and barns.", "title": "Construction" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In order to renovate and preserve the castle (expected costs of at least two million euros), the owners planned to build a holiday home resort in the riding hall and barn in 2018 and a restaurant in the castle's vaulted cellar. The Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz is providing 100,000 euros for the roof renovation in 2020.", "title": "Construction" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "At the entrance on the left, opposite the gatehouse, is the Chapel of the Holy Cross. It was built in 1732, before the castle was built, and then became part of the castle complex. It was connected to the north wing of the castle during renovation work around 1748 and served as a place of worship and prayer for the castle's lords. From 1811 it was used as the castle kitchen, having already been stripped of its furnishings. After the castle kitchen was moved back into the main building, the chapel was renovated and used as a place of worship by the Dreisamtal Protestant community from 1958. From 1979 to 1984, it was the church of the Orthodox congregation of \"St. John the Baptist\". After renewed profanation and subsequent restoration, the Freiherrlich Gayling von Altenheimsche Gesamtarchiv was housed here. After the archive was taken over by the Freiburg State archive, the chapel was restored to its original purpose as the Sickingen-Kapelle on October 29, 2017. However, it is now open to all faiths at the request of the landlord. A new bell was also cast.", "title": "Palace chapel" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "", "title": "Literature" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "47°59′14″N 07°54′06″E / 47.98722°N 7.90167°E / 47.98722; 7.90167", "title": "Weblinks" } ]

[ "Template:Hatnote", "Template:Clear", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Commonscat", "Template:Coord", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "RWT may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Disambig" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Naum Coussa (Known As Naum Pasha), was the 5th mutasarrıf of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate from 1892 to 1902. He was a Melkite Greek Catholic from Aleppo, Syria. He was the nephew of Nasri Franko Pasha.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He started his term by carrying out reforms in the management and removing employees accused of bribery. He also organized the financial situation of the administration. Naum Pasha initiated several construction projects in Baakleen, Jezzine, Cuniye, Batroun, Amioun, and Bhannes, repaired bridges, and constructed over 480 kilometers of roads. His administration was described as secure, peaceful, and stable, and during this period, a large-scale emigration from Mount Lebanon to abroad began. He was known for treating both Christians and Muslims equally, and after the end of his term in 1902, he returned to Constantinople (Istanbul).", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Andorra women's national volleyball team ( Catalan : Selecció femenina de voleibol d'Andorra ) represents Andorra in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches, The Team Ruled and managed by the Andorra Volleyball Federation ( Catalan : Federació Andorrana de Voleibol ) that is a part of the Federation of International Volleyball (FIVB) as well as the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV), The Andorra Team also follow the Small Countries Association (SCA) .", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Andorran Volleyball Federation has been a member of the FIVB and the CEV since 1987. The only official tournament in which the Andorran women's volleyball team participated was the Second European Small States Games held in May 1989 in Cyprus. 4 national teams has participated in this tournament, the Andorran team lost all three of their matches to the national teams of Cyprus, Luxembourg and San Marino and closed the final table of the competition in the last place. The Andorran national team since has not been formed again for over 30 years and have to wait untill the 2021 when the team again resume its activities. Andorra is one of the three member countries of the European Volleyball Confederation, where the national championship is not held (besides Monaco and Liechtenstein), and the only Andorran team (\"Vall D'Andorra\") plays in the championship of Catalonia.", "title": "Team History" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:National sports teams of Andorra", "Template:Women's CEV teams", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox national volleyball team", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Electrical Finance and Securities Company Limited was a UK electricity holding company which provided financing to electricity undertakings to enable them to start supplies of electricity. Its subsidiary companies were in south east England, Lincolnshire and south Scotland. It was registered on 8 June 1914 and was abolished upon nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Finance and Securities Company had the ‘purpose of financing electric supply undertakings and the securing of provisional orders for the supply of electricity’. It was established on 8 June 1914.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "By the early 1930s the securities company owned and controlled five subsidiary companies, namely:", "title": "Subsidiary companies" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The growth of the companies is illustrated in the table.", "title": "Subsidiary companies" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The company offered £320,000 of Shares on the Stock Market in May 1927. A further issue of Shares was made in January 1932.", "title": "Financial" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The company's net profits were £5,253 (1921); £5,641 (1922); £6,253 (1923); £8,009 (1924); £16,586 (1925); £20,660 (1926); £32,928 (1928); £39,320 (1929); £47,107 (1930).", "title": "Financial" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The directors of the company were:", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "James Taylor (1927)", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "G.H. Nesbett (1927, chairman 1931 to 1940)", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "W.B. Cownie (1927, 1932)", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "H.T. Barnett (1932)", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "H.C. Drayton (1932, chairman 1941 & 1942)", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Sir James Devonshire (1942)", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The registered office was 62-63 Queen Street, Cannon Street, London, EC4 (1927), and Salisbury Square House, Salisbury Square, London, EC4 (1932).", "title": "Directors" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The Electrical Finance and Securities Company Limited and all its constituent companies were abolished on 31 March 1948 when the British Electricity Industry was nationalised. The generating plant and transmission systems devolved to the British Electricity Authority and the distribution systems to the appropriate geographical Electricity Board, for example the Eastern Electricity Board, the Southern Electricity Board, etc.", "title": "Abolition" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox company", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ahmadzada, Adnan Azer oglu (Azerbaijani: Ədnan Azər oğlu Əhmədzadə;) (born 24 January 1978) – Founder and Chairman of ABDA Invest Holding since 2023. He is former Deputy Vice President of SOCAR on investments and marketing.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Adnan Ahmadzada was born on 24 January 1978 in Baku, Azerbaijan.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1998 he graduated from The Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2000, he received a master's degree from Western University of Azerbaijan.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1998 – 2005, he worked in the Department of Foreign Economic Relations ( since 2003, the Department of Marketing and Economic Operations) of SOCAR as an expert in the Department of Export Operations. From 2005 to 2006 he worked as the General Director of Azertrans LLC. From 2006 –2019, he has held the following positions in the Marketing and Economic Operations Department of SOCAR, 2006 – 2007 Deputy Head of the Transport and Expedition Department, 2007 – 2008 Head of the Department of Commercial risks in trading operations, 2008 – 2010 Deputy Chief of the Department of Economic Operations, 2010 – 2019 General Manager of SOCAR Marketing and Economic Operations Department. In 2018, he was appointed as executive director of SOCAR Trading.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2019, he was appointed as Deputy vice-president of SOCAR on investments and marketing.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2023, he became a Founder and Chairman of ABDA Invest Holding. The Holding includes companies engaged in Construction, Logistics and Shipping Solutions, Agriculture, Supermarket Chain, Cinema Chain and etc.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Honorary President of Azerbaijan Koshiki Karate-do Federation since 2023.", "title": "Social activity" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In September 2015, by order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, he was awarded the Tereggi medal for his services in the development of the oil industry of Azerbaijan.", "title": "Honours" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Married, has four children.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Lang-az" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ellise Mariana Gitas (10 September 1998), better known as Ellise, is an American singer-songwriter.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ellise was born Danville, California. She grew up living with her parents and younger brother, who is also a producer and musician. After attaining her high school diploma from Oakland School for the Arts, she moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career as a singer, when she was age 16.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ellise began her career at age 16. She has so far released four extended plays (EP), two studio albums, and a number of singles.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "2016:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2016, she was selected for the UPROXX Uncharted series. She worked with producer Chris Seefried in the series to create her debut single, Break Down. She was also a finalist of the 2016 IHeartRadio Rising Star Competition. In July, she performed at her first major concert at an unveiling of new rides at Luna Park. She released her second single, titled Dominoes and the music video was directed by Paul Boyd.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "2018 - 2019:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2018, she left her former record label, Grange records. During this period, she independently released singles Love Made Me Do It, Fight, and Pinky Promise. This was followed by the release of her 4-track EP, Can You Keep A Secret. In 2019, she released the halloween themed single Under My Bed. Her brother produced some of these tracks.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "2021:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2021, she got signed to Empire Records, under which she released her debut album Chaotic. She was featured in Iggy Azalea's album The End of an Era, on the track titled Day 3 in Miami. She released her second album under Empire Records, Letting The Wolf In. In November, she collaborated with DeathbyRomy and Mothica on Soul Sucker pt 2. She has also collaborated with Moore Kismet. She was featured by Savage Ga$p on his debut album title track The Long Halloween.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "2022 - 2023:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 2022, Erik Ron produced Black Balloons, and in 2023, Half A Heart. She also released the single Did It Hurt in 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "She names Selena Gomez as her inspiration. According to Paper Magazine and Wonderland Magazine she makes \"dark pop\".", "title": "Influences" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:IMDb name", "Template:Authority control", "Template:US-musician-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox musical artist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sohan Lal Nayak is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, representing the Raisinghnagar as a member of the Indian National Congress.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the 2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election Nayak displaced sitting member Balvir Singh Luthra by a margin of 14025 votes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "2. https://www-ndtv-com.translate.goog/elections/rajasthan-assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/sohan-lal-nayak-20005-2?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=hi&_x_tr_hl=hi&_x_tr_pto=tc", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Maulana Wasi Ahmad Surati (1836–12 April 1916) also known as Muhaddis-e-Surati was an Indian Sufi saint and Islamic scholar. He belonged to the Barelvi movement of Sunni Islam.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was born to Maulana Mohammad Tayaib.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He studied the Dars-e-Nizami from Madrasa-e-Hussain Baksh in Fatehpur under the guidance of Mufti Muhammad Masood Muhaddith Dehlvi and then went to Madrasa e Faiz-e-Aam Kanpur under the guidance of Maulana Lutfullah Aligarhi. He studied in Saharanpur with Pir Syed Mehr Ali Shah and Maulana Syed Didar Ali Alwari, founder of Hizbul Ahnaf.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He took the oath of allegiance to Shah Fazle Rahman Ganj Muradabadi.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Surati established Madrasat-ul-Hadith in Pilibhit in 1877, and it was inaugurated by Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, the founder of Barelvi movement.", "title": "Activism" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "He has written 15 Books in Arabic.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Surati was died on 12 April 1916 in Pilibhit and is buried in Faiz Al-Anwar, Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh.", "title": "Death" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox religious biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Sun Aria singing contest began in 1924 as a new segment of the annual contests conducted since 1891 by the South Street Society of Ballarat, Victoria. The prize, initially of 23 guineas, was for \"an aria from Grand Opera, to be sung in English\" presented by The Sun News-Pictorial, a Melbourne newspaper. The South Street Society became The Royal South Street Society in 1962, the sponsor became the Herald-Sun and the contest became the Melbourne Sun Aria, perhaps to differentiate it from the Geelong, Bendigo, and Sydney Sun Arias, listed below.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "'Comunn-na-Feinne is a Scots Gaelic association, founded in Geelong in 1856 The Sun-Pictorial sponsored an Aria Prize in conjunction with Geelong's festival in 1925 and subsequently. The last contest was in 1933.", "title": "Other Sun Arias" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The newspaper offered similar prizes for the Bendigo musical, literary, and elocutionary competitions held in May 1925 and every year thereafter to 1936. Results 1925–1930 have not been found, despite looking everywhere .", "title": "Other Sun Arias" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The newspaper offered two prizes (female and male) from 1933 to 1941, none held 1942–1945 and a single prize thereafter. The contest became a section of the Sydney Eisteddfod in 1949. Notable prizewinners include Joan Sutherland in 1949 and June Gough, better known as June Bronhill, in 1950.", "title": "Other Sun Arias" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:When", "Template:Sup", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Estheria microcera is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Italy, Spain, France, Switzerland.", "title": "Distribution" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Tachinidae-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Emilia Perez is an upcoming musical crime comedy film written and directed by Jacques Audiard. It stars Karla Sofía Gascón in the title role, with Selena Gomez, Zoe Saldaña, and Édgar Ramírez in supporting roles. The original songs for the film were contributed by Camille, while its original score was provided by Clément Ducol.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A woman is tasked with assisting an escaped Mexican cartel leader undergo sex reassignment surgery to both evade the authorities and affirm her gender.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In January 2022, Télérama released a 5-episode program covering in detail Audiard's pre-production for the film. Audiard developed the film's screenplay from what was originally intended to be an opera libretto in four acts. The title character was inspired by a chapter from Boris Razon's 2018 novel Écoute. Emilia Perez marks the first time Audiard has written a film alone. However, Thomas Bidegain, who co-wrote several films with Audiard, served as a creative collaborator on the film. Clément Ducol composed the original score for the film, while French singer Camille wrote all of the original songs, with the assistance of a Mexican translator, and performed them for the demo. Damien Jalet choreographed the musical sequences.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Filming was set to begin in autumn 2022 but was delayed by six months due to scheduling conflicts with the cast members. It was originally set take place on location in Mexico but was moved to a studio near Paris instead, in accordance with Audiard's wishes. The interior scenes will include a reconstruction of an \"authentic Mexican backdrop\". Audiard stated that the studio setting would afford him the ability to \"produce more form\" and give him \"more freedom for the parts that are sung and choreographed.\" Principal photography began in May 2023 in the Île-de-France region, before wrapping on 5 July 2023.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The film is produced by Pascal Caucheteux through his company Why Not Productions, and also by Audiard and Valérie Schermann through their company Page 114; in coproduction with Mexico's Pimienta Films and France 2 Cinéma.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "World sales are handled by The Veterans. The film is expected for release in 2024.", "title": "Release" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:IMDb title", "Template:Jacques Audiard", "Template:Portal bar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Muzaffar Hanfi (born Mohammad Abul Muzaffar; April 01, 1936 – October 10, 2020) was an Indian Urdu Poet, critic, writer from Madhya Pradesh.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Muzaffar was born on 1st April 1936 in Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh. He completed his education from Madhya Pradesh. His academic qualifications include B.A., M.A, L.L.B, Ph.D., Aligarh Muslim University, Barkatullah University Bhopal.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Muzaffar began his career in the Forest Department of Madhya Pradesh as a Lecturer in the Urdu Department. Later, he joined the faculty of Urdu at Jamia Millia Islamia as a Lecturer and retired as the Head of the Urdu Department in 2001. He was the Vice President of Indian Universities Urdu Teachers Association.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He has received many awards from the state academies and Institutions of National Importance.", "title": "Awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Muzaffar written and edited over 80 books in the Urdu language.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Some of the important books written:", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The International Urdu Movement (IURM), a non-profit organization based in India that works to promote the language of Urdu, has decided to establish a Global Prize in the name of the Muzaffar Hanfi. The Prize will be awarded to an individual in the field of Urdu literature.", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In the year 2023, a documentary was made by Aqdas Sami, an alumnus of Jamia Millia Islamia, on Muzaffar Hanfi, named “Muzaffar Ke Naam.” This film has also been selected at ISFFA and Madras Independent Film Festival (MIFF).", "title": "In popular culture" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox writer", "Template:Ndash", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shahina Waseem is a world champion competitive chilli eater from Uxbridge, Middlesex. As at November 2023, she had an unbeaten streak consisting of 97 consecutive wins in chilli eating competitions in the UK, USA and Belgium. She ranks second in the Official League of Fire (LOF) world ranking, which recognises “the best of the best chilli heads on the planet”.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Waseem’s parents moved to the UK from Pakistan before she was born. She studied mechanical engineering with aeronautics at Brunel University London. After graduating in 2004 she started a property letting company.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Waseem’s first competitive chilli eating competition was in 2012 at the Kingston Food Festival. Her favourite pepper is the Thai Bird's eye chili. Of competitive chilli eating she said, “it’s a form of extreme competitive sport which is not affected by age or gender.”", "title": "Competitive chilli eating" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After her third win, in 2015, she described the experience of competing as ““the pain from my lips, mouth and throat being on fire, ear drums feeling like they were about to explode, face muscles twitching involuntarily, hands shaking uncontrollably, shivers, chills and shakes and violent body tremors... followed by muscle spasms and cramps and heartburn.”", "title": "Competitive chilli eating" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2019 she competed against, and beat, US champion, Johnny Scoville in Guildford, UK. She then flew to America and competed against, and beat, Dustin “Atomik Menace” Johnson. In order to raise the funds for the trip she ate 105 Carolina Reapers in one sitting; the only woman to have ever done this.", "title": "Competitive chilli eating" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Of the 71 competitions she had entered by 2021 she had “failed to throw up afterward about 11 times, which means you get the dreaded cap cramps: gastric distress caused by capsaicin in the GI tract.”", "title": "Competitive chilli eating" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2021 she was the world record holder for the most consecutive wins at chilli-eating competitions with 81 consecutive wins. The person ranked second behind her at that point had 8.", "title": "Competitive chilli eating" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Waseem features on the labels of two bottles of chilli sauce made by The Chilli Project: Killer Queen Chug Challenge and Killer Queen 2 Chug Challenge. In 2022 she partnered with GymBox to create a chilli-based workout system based around capsaicin, the active ingredient in chilli, and its ability to increase body temperature and oxygen consumption. She hosts chilli eating competitions, including the World Halal Food Festival at the London Stadium in September 2023.", "title": "Competitive chilli eating" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2021 Waseem was interviewed for two books:", "title": "TV and book appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "", "title": "TV and book appearances" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gia Huy Phong (born 5 February 2004) is a German footballer who plays as a left back or left midfielder for Viktoria Berlin.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Phong was born in Berlin from Vietnamese parents. His father is a Hoa ethnic from Đồng Nai and his mother is from Khanh Hòa.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Phong started his career at the youth side of the Berlin based team Frohnauer before joining the youth academy region giants Hertha BSC in 2016. He was released by the club in 2018 and joined Tennis Borussia Berlin before signing for Wolfsburg youth team. He appeared in 3 group stage games during the 2021–22 UEFA Youth League as his team failed to reach the next stage.", "title": "Early career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In June 2022, Phong joined Viktoria Berlin. He was promoted to the first team for the 2023–24 season. On 30 July 2023, he made his Regionalliga Nordost debut in a 2–1 win against Energie Cottbus. He scored his first career goal on 11 November 2023 against Hertha BSC II, the only goal of the 1–0 win.", "title": "Club career" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Soccerway", "Template:Germany-footy-defender-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Kicker", "Template:FC Viktoria 1889 Berlin squad" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Estheria pallicornis is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Romania, Greece, Italy, Turkey, Afghanistan, Iran, Mongolia, Russia, Transcaucasia, India, Nepal, Pakistan, China.", "title": "Distribution" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Tachinidae-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Walter Norbury Hull (2 March 1907 – 10 March 1985) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hull, born in Manchester, rode in the pioneer years of British speedway beginning his British leagues career riding for White City Manchester during the inaugural 1929 Speedway English Dirt Track League season. He was described as the Altrincham star. He gained recognition in 1930 and was selected to represent England against Australia.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "His two seasons with the Manchester club were chaotic because they withdrew from the league on both occasions. In 1931, he joined Belle Vue Aces, where he would enjoy a better foundation and duly impressed with an 8.84 league average and helping his team become league champions.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Following the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern leagues for the 1932 Speedway National League season, he was transferred, moving to London to ride for the Wimbledon Dons. His form dipped and he found himself spending a season with Sheffield Tigers in 1933 and then had a fractured season in 1934, riding for the Lea Bridge/Walthamstow team.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1935, he returned to Belle Vue, where he would spend the remainder of his career (with a enforced break during World War II), retiring in 1948. He won several numerous trophies with the club including the 1935 and 1936 trebles.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox Speedway rider", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Estheria picta is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kyrgyzstan, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Serbia, Austria, France, Germany, Netherlands, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Transcaucasia, China.", "title": "Distribution" } ]

[ "Template:Tachinidae-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Mmadinare Solar Power Station is a 120 MW (160,000 hp) solar power station, under development in Botswana. The solar farm will be developed in two phases of 60 megawatts each. Scatec, the Norwegian independent power producer (IPP) owns the project and Botswana Power Corporation (BPC), the national electricity utility company is the power off-taker, under a 25-year power purchase agreement.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The power station is located in the town of Mmadinare, in the Central District of Botswana. Mmadinare is located approximately 405 kilometres (252 mi) northeast of Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana.", "title": "Location" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The power station is under development by Scatec, a Norwegian independent power producer (IPP). Scatec owns the power station 100 percent. Authorization for the first 60 megawatts of this renewable energy project was awarded in August 2022. Another 60 MW (the 2nd phase) was authorized in the third quarter of 2023.", "title": "Developers" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Scatec was also selected as the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contractor and as the operations and maintenance (O&M) manager and service provider. The South African division of Scatec will handle the construction and operations of both phases of the power station.", "title": "Developers" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The construction costs are reported as US$104 million. It is expected US$68 million (65.4 percent), will be borrowed and the balance of US$36 million (34.6 percent) will be equity provided by Scatec. Rand Merchant Bank and the International Finance Corporation have agreed to provide loans for the first phase of this project.", "title": "Costs and funding" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Having achieved financial close in December 2023, it is expected that construction will begin in Q1 2024.", "title": "Construction timetable" } ]

[ "Template:EngvarB", "Template:Convert", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Google maps", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox power station", "Template:Stack", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Liberia. Each article deals with events in Liberia in a given year.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Ninetieth century" } ]

[ "Template:Years in decade", "Template:Liberia topics", "Template:Africa topic" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A7: Article about a real person, which does not indicate the importance or significance of the subject (CSDH", "title": "" } ]

[]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nurul Azurin Mazlan (born 27 January 2000) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for KFF Presingu.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She started playing football at the age of ten.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She attended Sabah Malaysia Sports School in Malaysia.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She was awarded 2015 and 2018 Malaysia Women's Player of the Year. She played for Indian side Misaka United, where she was regarded as one of the club's important players.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "She has been described as \"expected to play key roles\" for the Malaysia women's national football team.", "title": "International career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "She has been described as \"reads the game well and is steady\".", "title": "Style of play" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sobbala is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. This village is part of Lingala revenue and it is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "100.5 Radyo Muscovado Sweet FM (100.5 FM) is a radio station owned by Gold Label Broadcasting System and operated by the Central Philippines State University. Its studio is located in John Paul Bldg. Brgy. Bacuyangan, Kabankalan. Despite being a college radio, it is an affiliate of K5 News FM for its news and talk programming.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox radio station", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Coord missing" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Miersia stellata is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is a bulbous geophyte endemic to central Chile.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Amaryllidaceae-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Acting Cabinet of the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was a Myanmar provisional government in exile formed by the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH), a group of elected lawmakers and members of parliament ousted in the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. The cabinet was formed on 2 March 2021 and replaced by the National Unity Government on 16 April 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On 2 March 2021, the committee installed four government ministers, who would be responsible for nine ministries. Three of them are elected members from the NLD and one is the rector of the University of Medicine 1. According to the statement of the CRPH, its prime purpose is to fulfill the duties of the civilian government. The committee officially stated it would assign other suitable persons to assume the duties on behalf of cabinet members On 9 March, it named Mahn Win Khaing Than, the third Speaker of the Assembly of the Union of Myanmar between 2016 and 2018, as the acting Vice-President of Myanmar and declared that he would perform the duties of the President in his absence. The acting cabinet was abolished and formed the National Unity Government on 16 April 2021.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Structure" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Authority control", "Template:Age in days", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Government of Myanmar", "Template:Myanmar cabinets" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Lingala is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to 2011 census of India, in Lingala village, there are 808 households with a total population of 3,088. Out of this population, 1,184 belong to Scheduled Castes, and 5 belong to Scheduled Tribes. The village has 1,413 literate individuals and 1,824 people engaged in various types of work. The gender distribution includes 1,623 males and 1,465 females.", "title": "Demographics" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The states of East Timor and Papua New Guinea maintain friendly relations.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "East Timor and Papua New Guinea established diplomatic relations on 22 July 2002, at the end of an ACP Group conference in Fiji.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Although East Timor is part of Asia, it also has ethnic groups that speak Papuan languages, which is why it also maintains relations with the Melanesian and Pacific realm. As an observer, East Timor participated in the third summit of the ACP states in July 2002 and, since August 2002, in the annual meetings of the heads of state and government of the Pacific Islands Forum. In 2016, the country joined the Pacific Islands Development Forum. East Timor has had observer status in the Melanesian Spearhead Group since 2010.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "East Timor and Papua New Guinea are both members of the G7+ states, in which East Timor plays a leading role.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2019, Richard Maru, Papua New Guinea's Minister of National Planning and Monitoring, visited East Timor.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Papua New Guinea's ambassador in Jakarta, Indonesia is also responsible for East Timor.", "title": "Diplomacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "East Timor is represented in Port Moresby by its Honorary Consul Chris Durman.", "title": "Diplomacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The East Timor Statistical Office does not report any trade relations between East Timor and Papua New Guinea for 2018.", "title": "Trade" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "External links", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox bilateral relations", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The ' Courts of Claims is a statewide court with limited jurisdiction. The court of claims has jurisdiction to hear cases filed where the State of Michigan is a Defendant. The Court of Claims by statue operates like the Michigan Circuit Courts.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Michigan Court of Claims held its first hearing on January 17, 1940. Circuit Court Judge George W. Sample drafted the rules for the new court. The Court of claims replaced the prior claims committee of the administrative board. The prior system which the court of claims replaced was not only unsatisfactory from a procedure point of view but put state officials in the position of defendant, judge, and jury in each case. There was no opportunity to appeal the administrative boards ruling. Under the newly established court of claims, now let the claimant appeal to the Michigan Supreme Court.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Court of claims sessions were held in the Senate Chamber committee room. The ordinal court under Judges Sample rules would provided for six terms a year, each three weeks long. The Court would only meet the First Wednesday of June and November and the third Wednesday of January, March, April and September. A claim filed to be heard on one of the published days would have to be filed 14 days prior to the start of the term.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Judge Samples rules also had all cost of litigation placed on the state and parties filing cases could not be assessed cost. The first clerk of the Court of Claims was William T. Caughey. The first session of the court had 13 cases on the docket. The larges claim before the new court was $100,000 filed by Briggs Commercial & Development Co. The claim alleged that damages came from the widening of Woodward-ave at Birmingham.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In the April 1940 term of the court, a claim was filed by Alexander Ripan from Saginaw, Michigan filed a claim for $10,000 in damages. He was covicted in 1919 on circumstantial evidence and was sentenced to life in prison. He was incarcerated until he escaped in 1929. He was a wanted fugitive 1935 when he was returned to prison. He was accused and convicted of the murder of Luca Tirpula on March 25, 1920. There was ballistic evidence uses in the conviction, however new testing declared that Ripan's gun could not have filed the shot. the prosecutor who tried the case filed for his release under a nolle prosse of the case. The former prosecutor is now representing Ripan in the claim against the state.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A bill in the 1939 Legislature was introduced to compensate him for the 13 years but it did not pass. After a hearing in the court of claims, Mr. Ripan was denied an award. Ingham County, Michigan Circuit Judge Leland W. Carr who presided over the hearing found no merit to Ripan's claim that he was entitled to $10,000 for work he preformed while he was sentenced to [life at hard labor]]. It was noted by many at the time that \"the American policy of refusing compensation to men who are wrongly imprisoned for long periods is one of the greatest defects in the administrations of justice.\"", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The Court of Claims was part of the 30th Michigan Circuit Courts however in 2013 the legislature passed legislation that moved the Court of Claims to the Michigan Court of Appeals.", "title": "Organization" } ]

[ "Template:Michigan law", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Aaremilch AG is a Swiss milk producer organization based in Lyss.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Aaremilch AG goes back to Lobag Milch AG based in Ostmundingen, which was founded in 2007 by the LOBAG Genossenschaft, Landwirtschaftliche Organisation Bern und angrenzende Gebiete (LOBAG cooperative, agricultural organisation Bern and neighbouring areas, since 2015 Berner Bauern Verband). The cooperative decided in February 2012 to separate its advocacy representations and milk trades. In 2013 the company was renamed Aaremilch AG and the headquarters was moved to Lyss. Aaremilch is involved in the export company Lactofama, which was founded in 2014. In 2018, Aaremilch took over the membership of the Berner Bauern Verband in the Schweizer Milchproduzenten (Swiss Milk Producers, SMP).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In June 2022, it was announced that Estavayer Lait (Elsa) wanted to acquire 50% stake in Aaremilch AG and Simmental Switzerland AG. The administration of the Migros-Genossenschafts-Bundes and the shareholders of Aaremilch AG as well as the Competition Commission approved the transaction. Managing director, Donat Schneider, will leave the company at the end of June 2024, after having held the position since 2013. Schneider was previously managing director of what is now the Berner Bauern Verband since 2006. He was replaced in his position as managing director by Reto Burkhardt starting as of 1 March 2023.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In March 2018, construction of the Naturparkkäserei (nature park dairy farm) in the municipality of Diemtigen began, and Elsa, together with Migros Aare, invested in a milk bottling plant. Around 90% of the cheese is intended for export. The Naturparkkäserei Diemtigtal AG rents the dairy farm to Simmental Switzerland AG and Elsa. At the end of May 2021, it was announced that Migros Aare would be taking over 23% stakes in the Naturparkkäserei Diemtigtal AG, that the milk bottling plant was to be expanded and that organic milk will also be bottled there. Aaremilch AG holds 77% of the shares, the other 23% is held by the Dutch company Royal A-Ware.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Simmental Switzerland AG was founded as a subsidiary of Aaremilch AG but has been completely taken over by Elsa. The cheese dairy company also produces Switzerland Swiss, a foil-ripened large-hole cheese made from silage milk, which, among other things, is sold as M-Budget cheese under the name “Simmentaler” for Migros. Meadow milk is processed at the Estavayer location and bottled directly in the Diemtigtal nature park dairy farm for Migros Aare, bears the label “From the region” and is marketed as such.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Members of Aaremilch AG is made up of around 2,000 milk producers, 60 cheese factories, and dairy farms from the Bern, Freiburg, Neuchâtel and Lucerne regions. The milk producers are grouped into 14 regional milk rings.", "title": "Members" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The vertical integration of Migros is critically viewed by Boris Beuret, President of the Schweizer Milchproduzenten and the MIBA Genossenschaft. The participation of Migros would weaken the position of producers.", "title": "Criticism" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox company" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Puja Kolluru is a Filmmaker from the Telugu film industry. she has garnered attention for her directorial debut, Martin Luther King (film) a 2023 Indian Telugu-language political satire film, a remake of Yogi Babu starrer Mandela (2021 film).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Puja grew up in Vijayawada and after Class X, wanted to become a physicist. She enrolled in an International Baccalaureate programme at UWC Mahindra College. Along with physics she studied films as well for 2 years, before pursuing her passion for filmmaking by earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, majoring in Film with a specialization in Screenwriting and Directing, from Ringling College of Art and Design in Florida, USA. Her education laid the foundation for her future endeavors in the world of cinema.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Puja Kolluru's directorial journey began with her thesis film, Reflection, which earned her accolades, winning both Best Film and Best Director Awards at the Ringling film festival. The film was also an official selection at multiple international film festivals.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Her first feature documentary, A Woman Who Climbs Trees, centered around the life of Dr. Meg Lowman, a renowned National Geographic Scientist, received the Special Jury Award at the Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival in 2020. The documentary was also officially selected at the Sarasota Film Festival, USA, and various other film festivals worldwide.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Puja is actively involved in the academics, mentoring and teaching as a Guest Faculty in Screenwriting and Production at Annapurna College of Film and Media. She is also a Co-Founder of Write Right Club, contributing to the literary and creative landscape. Moreover, Puja has served as a Visiting Professor at Annapurna College of Film and Media and as a Documentary Filmmaker at TREE Foundation.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In addition to her work as a director, Kolluru has proven her skills in screenwriting, contributing to the screenplay and dialogue of the Telugu adaptation of the Tamil film \"Mandela,\" titled \"Martin Luther King. The film was later released on SonyLIV on November 29, 2023.", "title": "Early life" } ]

[ "Template:Uncategorized", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:IMDb name" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kayode Adegbulugbe (born 8 August 1978 in Ibadan) is a petroleum engineer from Ondo town in Ondo State, Nigeria.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kayode graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, after which he earned a Master of Science in Petroleum Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He later furthered his education by obtaining a Master of Laws (LLM) in Oil and Gas Law from Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen.", "title": "Education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Engineer Kayode Adegbulugbe serves as Chief Operating Officer at Green Energy International Limited (GEIL), which operates the Otakikpo marginal oil field in Nigeria. Under his leadership, GEIL has expanded production to 11,500 barrels of oil per day as of October 2023, making it the highest-producing marginal field operator in Nigeria.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Adegbulugbe is married to Obironke Adegbulugbe, with whom he has three children. He credits his family for shaping his sense of compassion and commitment to philanthropy.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Engineer Kayode Adegbulugbe's philanthropic initiatives include the provision of solar lights, the construction of an ultra-modern mosque, and the creation of walkways in the Osogbo market.", "title": "Philanthropy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Also, the Agboluaje Cooperative Societies received significant financial support from him, and in addition to that, he made a financial contribution to the Osun Farmers Group during the planting season to enhance agricultural activities and the local economy.", "title": "Philanthropy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In recognition of his dedication to the community and his role in promoting unity, compassion, and positive change, he was installed as the Agbesinga Adinni of Osogbo Land by the Muslim community.", "title": "Awards and honors" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Alongside the former Governor of Lagos State and immediate past Minister of Power, Works and Housing, Babatunde Raji Fashola, he was awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science (D.SC) by the University of Benin at the just concluded 48th convocation.", "title": "Awards and honors" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Citation" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Konijerla is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to 2011 census of India, in Konijerla village, there are 1,047 households with a total population of 3,652 with 1,838 males and 1,814 females. There are 1,375 individuals belonging to Scheduled Castes and 158 to Scheduled Tribes. Out of the population, 1,820 are literate, and the village has 2,081 workers.", "title": "Demographics" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Edith Betty Kernot (July 26, 1910 – 1984) was an Australian golfer. She was twice the Australian national women's golfer.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kernot was born in Geelong. She was the last of three children born to Edith Latham (born Hobday) and Walter Charles Kernot. Her mother had also played golf.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1955 she broke the course record at Geelong by three strokes. She was then President of the club and a double national champion.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Kernot died in Geelong in 1984.", "title": "Life" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Australia-bio-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Vanessa Edith Karungi (born 8 November 1999) is an Ugandan footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for FCN.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Karungi attended Olila High School in Uganda.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Karungi was awarded 2017 Uganda Sports Press Association Female Footballer of the Year.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Karungi has been described as \"famed for her penalty saving prowess\".", "title": "Style of play" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Karungi has two siblings.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Amirreza Borzooei Chaghagolani (Persian: امیررضا برزویی چقاگلانی, born 19 June 2004) is an Iranian Karateka athlete who won a bronze medal at the Asian Karate Championships 2021 and 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At the end of 2007, he started karate under the supervision of Sasan Akbari in free styles. In 2009, he joined controlled karate from free styles and continued his training under the supervision of Manouchehr Karimi. Then in 2011, he followed karate professionally under the supervision of Ehsan Heydari and Hamidreza Farhadi. Borzooei won his first official medal in the national championship of the youth national team in Sanandaj in 2016. Gold in Karate1 (World League) for youth, bronze in Asian Youth Championship , bronze in Asian U21 Championship, silver in Karate1 (World League) under 21 years and silver medal in Karate1 (World League) Series A are the most important titles of Amirreza Borzooei to date.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Iran-karate-bio-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Bronze medal", "Template:Gold medal", "Template:Silver medal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Gullapudi is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to 2011 census of India, in Gullapudi village, there are 613 households with a total population of 2,287, comprising 1,154 males and 1,133 females. The village has 789 Scheduled Castes members and 9 Scheduled Tribes members. Out of the total population, 1,205 individuals are literate and there are 1,278 workers in the village.", "title": "Demographics" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The San Marino women's national volleyball team ( Italian : Nazionale di pallavolo femminile di San Marino ) represents San Marino in international women's volleyball competitions and friendly matches, The Team Ruled and managed by the San Marino Volleyball Federation ( Italian : Federazione Sammarinese Pallavolo : FSPAV ) that is a part of the Federation of International Volleyball (FIVB) as well as the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV), The San Marino Team also follow the Small Countries Association (SCA) .", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The San Marino Volleyball Federation was founded in 1980 and joined the FIVB and the CEV in 1987. Under an agreement with the Italian Volleyball Federation, San Marino's Elite team, plays in the Italian Championship (currently in Serie D, the sixth tiers of the Italian Divisions). The San marino national team which is one of the smallest European countries, played its first official matches in May 1989 in Cyprus, taking part in the volleyball tournament of the Games of Small States of Europe. The San Marino team became silver medalist of the competition, defeating Luxembourg and Andorra and losing only to the host country, the national team of Cyprus. the following years the women's national volleyball team of San Marino has always been a participant of this tournament, having won it four times, meanwhile they won the Small Nations Championship Twice. San marino has never participated in any FIVB World Championship they only play a word qualification tournament in 2014 and they failed to qualify.", "title": "Team History" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox national volleyball team", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:National sports teams of San Marino", "Template:Women's CEV teams" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Krystyna Żywulska, actually Zofia (Sonia) Landau (born September 1, 1914, in Łódź; died August 1, 1992, in Düsseldorf), was a Polish writer, columnist, songwriter and graphic designer of Jewish origin.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She studied law at Warsaw University, but her studies were interrupted by the outbreak of World War II. In 1941, she and her family were resettled in the Warsaw ghetto. After two years, she and her mother managed to escape (she had to leave her father in the ghetto under dramatic circumstances). She then became involved in the Polish resistance movement under the assumed name Zofia Wiśniewska, working in a group that produced false documents. In 1943 she was arrested by the Gestapo. Interrogated in Szucha Avenue (Gestapo headquarters in Warsaw, known for its cruel interrogations), she gave her name as Krystyna Żywulska. She was imprisoned in the Pawiak prison and then, as a political prisoner, sent to the German Nazi concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz, from where she was sent to the Birkenau sub-camp. She was one of seven survivors of a transport of 800 people from Pawiak to the camp. She worked in the women's unit registering new prisoners (the so-called Canada), in the immediate vicinity of the gas chambers. In the camp Krystyna Żywulska composed poems (they could not be written down), which over time became very important to her fellow prisoners. They learned them by heart and passed them on. The most famous became \"Wymarsz przez bramę\", which was to be sung on the day of the camp's liberation. Other titles include \"Appeal\", \"Dance, girl\", \"Unsent letter\", \"Parade\", \"Earlier the birches grew here\", which were also secretly passed on to other female prisoners and memorized. Most of these poems were lost: only eight survived, four of which Żywulska included in her book I Survived Auschwitz. On January 18, 1945, during the death march, the evacuation of the concentration camp from Oświęcim to Wodzisław Śląski, Żywulska managed to escape at the border of Brzeszcze and Jawiszowice, after which she hid with local residents.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After returning to Warsaw, she married her childhood friend Leon Andrzejewski (1910-1978), a functionary of the communist security apparatus, and had two children with him. She joined the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) and was a member of its executive branch at the Main Board of the Union of Polish Writers in 1950.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In the late 1950s, she met Thomas Harlan in Warsaw, whose father, Veit Harlan, directed propaganda films during the National Socialist era. Thomas Harlan was involved in tracking down Nazi crimes of people who were now important figures in the Federal Republic of Germany. She helped him with research whose publication was unwelcome in the Federal Republic of Germany, but which eventually helped trigger the German trials of several former Nazis in the 1960s. When Harlan and Żywulska began to uncover analogous careers of former Nazis in the German Democratic Republic, the commissioners of the book in which their research was to be published stopped the project.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1963 Żywulska wrote her next book, Empty Water, about the Warsaw Ghetto experience. When an anti-Semitic campaign developed in Poland after March 1968, Żywulska, who only revealed her Jewish background in Empty Water, was ostracized and her sons were forced to leave the country. She followed them first to Munich and then to Düsseldorf, where she settled permanently. There she translated both of her autobiographical books into German. Toward the end of her life she took up painting pictures. She died of leukemia. She is buried in Düsseldorf.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "She made her debut in 1946 with the memoir I Survived Auschwitz. The book is a record of harrowing memories of life in the death camp. Also published in English: I survived Auschwitz, French J'ai survecu Auschwitz, German Ich überlebte Auschwitz, Russian Я пережила Освенцим and Czech Přežila jsem Osvětim. The war period is also covered in the aforementioned Auschwitz poems and the novel Empty Water (1963), also published in English Empty Water, French L'eau vide, German Leeres Wasser, Japanese 空の水. When writing about Poles, Jews and Germans, she avoided simplifications, looking at each case individually.", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "She wrote satires, columns, epigrams, epigrams and limericks (published in 1956 in the book So Called Life). Her cabaret monologues and songs were performed on the radio and in films, as well as printed in the press (e.g., by Szpilki magazine). In 1968 Sława Przybylska performed her song \"Żyje się raz\". She wrote lyrics for the Wagabunda and U Lopka cabarets, as well as songs, the most popular of which are: \"Dopóki życie trwa\", \"Taka jestem zakochana\", \"Żyje się raz\", \"Tańcz ze mną, tańcz\" for the film \"Kochajmy syrenki\" (1966), \"Ty i ja, i noc\" for the film \"Kulig\" (1968).", "title": "Works" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 1991, Maria Nurowska picked up one of the threads of her biography from her time in a concentration camp in her book Love Letters, based on conversations she had previously conducted with Krystyna Żywulska.", "title": "References to the life and works of Krystyna Żywulska" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1998, Liane Dirks used Żywulska's diary entries and notes from interviews with her in her book Krystyna. According to Andrzej Szczypiorski, this half-documentary, half-literary stylization only partially allows one to get closer to the truth about Żywulska.", "title": "References to the life and works of Krystyna Żywulska" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 2012, Jake Heggie composed a short opera, \"Another Sunrise\", in which the protagonist (Żywulska) tries every night to find a language suitable for expressing her memories so that she can record them on tape.", "title": "References to the life and works of Krystyna Żywulska" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "A feature film project based on the book Empty Water has been in development since 2012.", "title": "References to the life and works of Krystyna Żywulska" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In 2017, preparations began for the production of the film \"Three Women\", directed by Magdalena Łazarkiewicz. The film is to tell the story of the intersecting fates of Krystyna Żywulska, Stanisława Rachwal, a prisoner of a German camp, persecuted by communist secret police after the war, and her persecutor from the Nazi camp, Maria Mandel. According to the film's producer, Andrzej Stachecki, \"From these stories one can create a certain synthesis treating how a person facing different totalitarianisms knows how to find dignity in extreme situations and, most importantly, to forgive.\"", "title": "References to the life and works of Krystyna Żywulska" } ]

[ "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite journal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dundiralapadu is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to 2011 census of India, in Dundiralapadu village, there are 858 households with a total population of 3,134 individuals (1,567 males and 1,567 females). The village has 1,376 individuals belonging to Scheduled Castes and 47 individuals from Scheduled Tribes. Out of the total population, 1,620 people are literate and there are 1,874 workers in the village.", "title": "Demographics" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Snakebird is a 2015 puzzle video game developed by Noumenon Games.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In each of the game's 53 levels, the player controls one or more characters, known as \"snakebirds\". Gameplay consists of moving the characters around a 2D grid, with movement similar to Snake, except with gravity along the y-axis. The objective of each level is to maneuver the characters to a goal, while collecting fruits that serve as objectives and avoiding obstacles. Collecting fruit increases the length of the characters, which usually makes it easier to navigate the levels. The challenge of the game arises from needing to control multiple characters in a way that builds towards reaching the goal, and the indirectness of the solutions.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Snakebird originated from a prototype developed for, but never submitted in, Ludum Dare 27 in August 2013. The game was released on 4 May 2015.", "title": "Development" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Snakebird Primer, a sequel to the game, was released on 20 February 2019. The sequel contains 70 levels, and is regarded as having been made substantially easier than the original to appeal to a wider audience.", "title": "Related games" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Snakebird Complete, a game that compiled the levels from Snakebird and Snakebird Primer, was released for the Nintendo Switch on 24 November 2023.", "title": "Related games" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Snakebird received positive reviews, with critics citing its visual design, describing it as \"cute\" while contrasting that aspect with its difficulty. Comments included Kotaku's descrption of the game as a \"wolf in sheep's clothing\" and Pocket Gamer stating that \"If it wasn't totally passé to call things 'the Dark Souls of,' I'd call Snakebird the Dark Souls of puzzle games\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Touch Arcade rated Snakebird's iOS release five out of five stars, commenting that the game felt more natural played on a mobile device. They also praised its visual design, animations, and backgrounds, but commented on its difficulty, describing it as \"tough\" and stating that it was not for everyone.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Eurogamer praised Snakebird Complete for its level design, the conciseness but trickiness of its puzzles, and its nonlinear level selection map.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Baba is You developer Hempuli Oy described Snakebird as \"probably the singular title that has most affected Baba Is You's design\".", "title": "Legacy" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox vg", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Moshe Segev (Hebrew: משה שגב; Better known as Segev Moshe (שגב משה); Born 29 September 1973) is an Israeli celebrity chef, restaurateur, television presenter, and a cookbook author. Segev owns 8 restuarnts around Israel and have starred in many tv show mostly in 'Reshet'. His restaurant \"Segev\" in Herzliya Pituah was ranked as one of Israel's top ten restaurants before it was closed in 2021 duo to econimic losses after Covid-19.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He also served as the private chef of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu. As part of the job he cooked for Japanese stateman Shinzo Abe and his wife, the meal included chocolates served in a metal shoe, which was considered offensive in Japanese culture. The incident garnered the media's attention and Israel's Foreign Ministry released a statement.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Moshe Segev was born in Jerusalem, He grew up in Tel Aviv and in the age of 6 him and his family moved to Rishon LeZion. When he was 13 he started to work in the kitchen of a bowling in Rishon LeZion to earn money.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After his military service he studies Graphics and Design but later decided to start a culinary career. H e studies culinary in Tadmor Hotel School, and in Thailand.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Segev started his culinary career at age 13 when he worked at a kitchen in a bowling place. After his military service he worked in the kitchen of Royal Beach Hotel in Eilat. Segev worked for many restaurants including Odeon, Spagetim, Rothschildes, Tamuz and more.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2002, Segev hosted a children cooking show called Open Cooking (בישול פתוח) and since than and since than had several cooking show of his own.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2004, Segev opened his first restaurant \"Segev\" in Herzelia, the restauran was closed in 2021 after the economic effects of Covid-19.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2008, the Segev restaurant in Herzelia was chosen to be on the list of the best restaurant in Israel by paper The Table.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Segev has published four cookbooks to date: \"Diary of a Chef\", \"Segev Express\", \"From the Market to the Kitchen\" and “My Family Kitchen\".", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In may 2018, He had caused to a diplomatic incident after serving a Japanese stateman a meal in a shoe which concidered insensetive to Japanese culture.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Short Description", "Template:Infobox chef", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Orphan" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chennavaram is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to 2011 census of India, in Chennavaram village, there are 183 households with a total population of 644 individuals. Among them 239 individuals belonging to Scheduled Castes. Out of the population, 256 people are literate and there are 385 individuals engaged in work.", "title": "Demographics" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Makarandasāriṇi is a Sanskrit astronomical table text composed by the Indian astronomer-mathematician Makaranda (c.1438-1478) hailing from Varanasi. In the Sanskrit astronomical literature such table texts are referred to as sāriṇi-s or koṣṭhaka-s. (The word sāriṇi may be loosely translated as “stream, path, line”.) It is one of the most popular such texts ever composed in Sanskrit.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Makarandasāriṇi follows the Saurapakṣa. This is the midnight-epoch system embodied in a recension of the Sūryasiddhānta dating to around the eighth century. This is reflected in the choices of the values of the fundamental parameters, like the values of the celestial bodies’ revolution-numbers and consequent mean velocities. Another unique feature of Makarandasāriṇi is the use of vegetation-themed Sanskrit technical terms for its various tables. The table giving the mean position increments has been called vāṭikā (garden) and the table giving calendar day/time for mean time unit has been called guccha (blossom, flower). There are tables named valli-s (creeper) and saurabhaṃ-s (fragrance, perfume). In comparison to most other sāriṇi-s or koṣṭhakā-s, Makarandasāriṇi has no accompanying set of verses except for an invocatory stanza at the beginning of the text.", "title": "Important features" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Among other things, the book has tables relating to the following:", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "There are a large number of commentaries on Makarandasāriṇi in circulation. These commentaries provide detailed instructions on how to use the tables sometimes with elaborate worked examples. The following is only a partial list of these commentaries.", "title": "Commentaries" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Indian astronomy", "Template:Italic title", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite journal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Arlapadu is a village located in the Gampalagudem mandal, NTR district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is under the administration of Tiruvuru revenue division.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to 2011 census of India, in Arlapadu village, there are a total of 801 households. The population is 2,974, with 1,481 males and 1,493 females. The Scheduled Castes population is 1,115, and Scheduled Tribes consist of 4 individuals. The literate population is 1,574, with 1,716 workers in the village.", "title": "Demographics" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:AndhraPradesh-geo-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Alan Wilfred Lawrence Jay (born 18 January 1941) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned one international cap for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jay, born in Oxford, began his British leagues career riding for Sheffield Tigers during the 1961 Provincial Speedway League. He remained with Sheffield for seven years and followed the club's move to the British League during that time.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1968, he was loaned to Halifax Dukes before joining Newcastle Diamonds later that season.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The following season in 1969, he signed for Halifax and would spend four more seasons with them, improving his average to 7.16 in 1969. In 193, he joined Coventry Bees, where he remained until his retirement after the 1975 season.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox Speedway rider", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Chhapar is a small town and a municipality in Churu district, Rajasthan, India.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chhapar may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Geodis" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "General elections are due to be held in San Marino in December 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The 60 members of the Grand and General Council are elected by proportional representation, with seats allocated using the d'Hondt method. The electoral threshold is calculated by multiplying the number of parties running in the elections by 0.4, with a maximum possible threshold of 3.5%.", "title": "Electoral system" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "If no party receives a majority, or the two largest parties are unable to form a coalition government within thirty days of the elections, a runoff election will be held between the two most popular coalitions, with the winner receiving a seat bonus to give them a majority.", "title": "Electoral system" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox legislative election", "Template:Main", "Template:Cite web", "Template:In lang", "Template:Sammarinese elections" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hesperoburhinus is a genus of bird in the stone-curlew family Burhinidae. The genus is distributed in Middle and South America. It contains two species, the double-striped thick-knee and the Peruvian thick-knee.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The genus Hesperoburhinus was introduced in 2023 by American ornithologists David Černý, Rossy Natale, American and Dutch ornithologist Paul van Els, and British ornithologist Steven Martin Stewart Gregory to accommodate the double-striped thick-knee and the Peruvian thick-knee. The name is from Ancient Greek hésperos (ἑσπερος, means \"western\"), and the pre-existing name Burhinus, because it is the only genus of the stone-curlew family Burhinidae who is distributed in the western hemisphere.", "title": "Taxonomy and Phylogeny" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The genus contains two species:", "title": "Taxonomy and Phylogeny" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Automatic taxobox", "Template:Clade", "Template:Reflist", "Template:IOC birdlist/14.1", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Taxonbar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Macau. Each article deals with events in Macau in a given year.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Years in decade", "Template:Macau topics", "Template:Africa topic" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 MotoE World Championship (known officially as the 2024 FIM Enel MotoE World Championship for sponsorship reasons) is the fifth season of the MotoE World Championship for electric motorcycle racing and is part of the 76th F.I.M. Grand Prix motorcycle racing season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "All teams used the series-specified Ducati.", "title": "Teams and riders" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following Grands Prix are provisionally scheduled to take place in 2024:", "title": "Calendar" } ]

[ "Template:World championships in 2024", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:MotoGP overview", "Template:Clear", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Official website", "Template:Stack", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Motorsport season", "Template:Tooltip", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Flagicon image", "Template:Nowrap", "Template:Short description", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Grand Prix motorcycle racing" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2022 FIBA 3x3 U17 Africa Cup – Men's tournament is the second edition of this continental championship. The event was held in Cairo, Egypt. It was contested by 7 teams. Starting this edition, the age group changed from U18 to U17.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Egypt won their second title with a win over Congo DR in the final.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Egypt's capital, Cairo, was given the hosting rights on 31 May 2022.", "title": "Host selection" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "All African National Federations were invited to register a team for the 2022 FIBA 3x3 U17 Africa Cup.", "title": "Participating teams" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The pools were announced on October 3, 2022.", "title": "Preliminary round" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "All times are local.", "title": "Knockout stage" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "These players were given the awards after the competition:", "title": "Awards" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:FIBA 3x3 U17 Africa Cup", "Template:About", "Template:Infobox international basketball competition", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Location map ", "Template:Tooltip", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Xotic is an indie action-shooter developed by WXP Games and published by Valcon Games. The game was released for Microsoft Windows on September 11, 2011, via Steam and on November 16, 2011, for the Xbox 360. A Desura release came later on February 12, 2012.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to Game Rant, \"Xotic is a hybrid of first-person shooter and arcade action. Players earn points by blasting enemies and performing chain combos.\"", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After existing as a non-corporeal energy being for eternity, an ancient entity known as The Orb has gone rogue. The Orb is lonely and longs for a body. Infuriated, it embarks on a galactic massacre, taking over species and obliterating planets that have the alluring, red-glowing toxins known as scabs. As a warrior genetically engineered to battle The Orb, the player assumes the role of the antagonist of the game.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Every level has rows and groups of red blobs known as \"scabs\" (featured in the cover art) that, when hit, burst one after the other to maintain a chain bar that is used for \"terraforming.\" The player's chain multiplier and final score will increase the longer they shoot other scabs to keep this bar from lowering to zero.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The story exposition is hammered significantly by the voice-over narrative - which is forced through a filter attempting to give it a futuristic sound but, at the same time, makes it more difficult to decipher what's being said. The game also includes leaderboards so players can compare their skills with friends.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Xotic received \"mixed or average\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Destructoid says that \"Xotic demands a certain competitive mindset to fully enjoy it, to be sure, but for those who want to test their first-person skills with the type of score-based arcade gameplay that is usually found in other genres, it does what it sets out to do and it does so successfully without overwhelming the player.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Brett Todd on GameSpot says that \"The PC and Xbox 360 versions of the game are nearly identical, although there are some differences when it comes to controls. The 360 edition has issues with imprecise movement and overly twitchy aiming.\" He also said that \"The distinctive look, alien level design, and hallucinogenic story and setting are the biggest pluses in Xotic.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox video game", "Template:Video game reviews", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea vanildae is a species of waterlily endemic to Pernambuco, Brazil.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea vanildae is an aquatic herb with cylindrical tubers, which are likely not stoloniferous. The roots are contractile.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The strongly brittle, brownish, glabrous peduncle has five primary central and ten secondary peripheral air canals. The androecium consists of 98–100 stamens. The outer lanceolate, 4.2–4.4 cm long and 1–1.1 cm wide stamens have white filaments. The inner stamens measure 2.1–2.4 cm × 1.9–2.2 mm, with reddish-purple filaments. The outer stamens have white to yellow-green, 0.2–0.4 mm long terminal extensions of the filament. The inner stamens do not have these extensions. The yellowish-white anthers are 3.5–5 mm long in the outer stamens and 5–7 mm long in the inner ones. Staminoids are absent. The gynoecium consists of 21-25 carpels with flat, linear, 7.5–9.0 mm long and 2.0–2.8 mm wide appendages with a rounded apex. The apex and base is cream-coloured, while the remaining parts display a reddish-purple colouration.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Stolons were not observed, but Nymphaea vanildae reproduces vegetatively through proliferating pseudanthia.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "No fruits have been observed.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "It was first described by C.T.Lima and Ana Maria Giulietti in 2013.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The type specimen of Nymphaea vanildae was collected by C.T. Lima and L. Lima in Lagoa Grande, Pernambuco, Brazil, 50 km from the municipality of Petrolina, on the 23rd of April 2011.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Hydrocallis.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The specific epithet vanildae honours Maria Vanilda Morais Oliveira of the State University of Feira de Santana.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "It is thought to be critically endangered (CR). Its fragmented habitat is only about 100 km² big.", "title": "Conservation" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "It occurs in the aquatic habitats of the Brazilian Caatinga. It occurs in temporary lagoons.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Taxonbar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dave Jonathan Lamar (born December 20, 1992) is a Filipino singer, songwriter, record producer, and director.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Dave Jonathan Lamar was born on December 20, 1992, in Manila, Philippines, which is why he is a Filipino by birth. He follows Christianity as his only religion and belongs to the Mixed Asian ethnicity. He is the oldest child and has one sibling, Micah Lamar.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2013, Lamar participated in the first season of a Philippine reality singing competition, The Voice of the Philippines. He performed \"The Man Who Can't Be Moved\" by The Script, and Sarah Geronimo selected him for her team. During the Battle Round, he lost to Junji Arias and failed to advance to the Live shows. Both of them performed \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" by the band Queen.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2015, Lamar auditioned for the fourteenth season of American Idol. On January 27, he posted a photo on his X account (formerly Twitter), showing himself performing with a guitar and with the American Idol logo in the background.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2021, Lamar and Morissette tied the knot and established a musical duo. They chose a name for their duo that originates from Lamar's last name, which translates to 'From The Sea' in Spanish. In 2022, their first EP, From The Sea, was launched, serving as the soundtrack of their wedding. On June 28, 2023, they released their first album, If We Never Happened. On July 7 of the same year, the duo had their first concert together at the Music Museum titled \"Feels Like Home\", which also served as the launch of their debut album.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Lamar married singer-songwriter Morissette on June 28, 2021. Prior to their marriage, they had been in a relationship for 8 years and both joined the first season of The Voice of the Philippines in 2013.", "title": "Personal Life" } ]

[ "Template:Use Philippine English", "Template:Small", "Template:Efn", "Template:The Voice of the Philippines", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Collapsible list", "Template:N/A", "Template:Nom", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Tooltip", "Template:Abbr", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Short description", "Template:Sort", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Sronly" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Arthur Warden Jervis (26 February 1905 – 12 December 1987) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jervis, born in Coventry, rode in the pioneer years of British speedway, riding dirt track meetings in his home city of Coventry from the age of 14 and becoming champion of the Midlands and North in 1928. He also bought a garage in Coventry.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He began his British leagues career riding for White City Manchester during the inaugural 1929 Speedway English Dirt Track League season. His two seasons with the Manchester club were chaotic because they withdrew from the league on both occasions. He also raced a couple of times for Belle Vue Aces.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1931, he enjoyed a full season of league racing for Leicester Super, recording an impressive 10.14 league average for the club. This was the second best league average behind Eric Langton.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Following the amalgamation of the Southern and Northern leagues for the 1932 Speedway National League season, he moved to London to ride for the West Ham Hammers.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Jervis cut his speedway career short after the 1932 season. Despite being capped by England and still being in demand by teams, he chose to concentrate on his builder's business in Coventry.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Infobox Speedway rider", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Miss Universe Myanmar 2014 was the 2nd Miss Universe Myanmar pageant, held at the National Theatre in Yangon on 26 July 2014. Moe Set Wine, Miss Universe Myanmar 2013, crowned her successor at the end of this event.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the final round, broadcast live on MNTV. Sharr Htut Eaindra, was crowned Miss Universe Myanmar 2014 by Moe Set Wine, Miss Universe Myanmar 2013.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The winner is Sharr Htut Eaindra represented for Myanmar at the Miss Universe 2014 in FIU Arena, Miami, Florida, United States.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Governor of the Phuket Province attended the Miss Myanmar - Thailand Friendship Contest of this evening, 2014 July 8, and Mr. Nawat Itsaragrisil, President of the Holiday Television Co. Ltd.,", "title": "Results" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Twenty contestants competed for the title", "title": "Contestants" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Height", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Miss Universe Myanmar", "Template:Drafts moved from mainspace", "Template:Infobox beauty pageant", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Efn" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Anna Kubicka (born 8 June 1999) is a Polish Woman International Master (2018).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Anna Kubicka learned the rules of chess at the age of six. In 2006, she won a bronze medal in Rybnik in Polish Chess Championship for Preschoolers. She has taken part in the finals of the Polish Youth Chess Championships many times in various girls age groups. In 2013, she won the gold medal in the Polish Youth Rapid Chess Championship in U14 age group in Olsztyn. In 2015, she achieved the greatest success in her career to date, winning a gold medal in Polish Youth Chess Championship in U16 age group in classical chess. Anna Kubicka two times participated in European Youth Chess Championships: in 2012 in Prague in G14 age group and in 2013 in Budva in G14 age group. In 2015 she won a bronze medal (together with Alicja Śliwicka) in the European Youth Team Chess Championship.", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Four times (2018, 2019, 2020 and 2022) she appeared in the individual finals of Polish Women's Chess Championship. In 2023, in Suwałki, Anna Kubicka won the silver medal of the Polish Women's Blitz Chess Championship. Also she won two medals in Polish Women's Rapid Chess Championships: gold (2016) and bronze (2019).", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Anna Kubicka reached the highest rating in her career so far on August 1, 2023, with a score of 2284 points.", "title": "Chess career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

[ "Template:Chessgames player", "Template:365Chess.com player", "Template:Poland-chess-bio-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox chess biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Fide" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Coussa is a surname.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Surname" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Otto calculus (alao known as Otto's calculus) is a mathematical system for studying diffusion equations that views the space of probability measures as an infinite dimensional Riemannian manifold by interpreting the Wasserstein distance as if it was a Riemannian metric.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It is named after Felix Otto, who developed it in the late 1990s and published it in a 2001 paper on the geometry of dissipative evolution equations. Otto acknowledges inspiration from earlier work by David Kinderlehrer and conversations with Robert McCann and Cédric Villani.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "See also" } ]

[ "Template:Math-stub", "Template:Uncategorized stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Expert needed", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite journal" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Gothic War of 457-458 was a military conflict between the Visigoths of Theoderic II against the Western Roman Empire of Emperor Majorian. The war began in 457 with a revolt of the Goths in Aquitania that pushed aside Roman authority, followed by an aggressive conquest in the adjacent Septimania aimed at area expansion. The war ended with a Roman victory over the Goths in the Battle of Arles in 458.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The most important contemporary sources in which this war is reported are the Gallo-Roman writer Sidonius Apollinaris (431-489) and the bishop of Chaves Hydatius (400-469). Furthermore, the Historia Francorum (history of the Franks) of Gregory of Tours (535-594) is an early source.", "title": "Sources" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In the run-up to this war, there was a crisis situation within the Western Roman Empire. Emperor Avitus was deposed in October 456 by the rebelling generals Ricimer and Majorian and then assassinated. In the Gallic provinces, the Gallo-Roman aristocracy rebelled against this deposition and appealed to the Burgundian and Visigothic allies. The Visigothic King Theodoric II (453 - 466) was staying in Spain at that time where he campaigned against the Suebi along with the Bourgondian king Gundioc. When they reached the news of the deposition of the emperor and the revolt in Gaul, Theoderic left command to his generals Sunerik and Cyrila and returned to Toulouse, while Gundioc and his entire army returned to the mountains of Saudia.", "title": "Historical context" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The recently appointed emperor in the east Leo I, who was now also emperor of the west until he had appointed a successor, inherited a difficult relationship with the west from his predecessors. He was initially unwilling to cooperate with the rebellious generals, but lacked sufficient influence to impose his will on the West. In the end, the extremely unstable situation in the west asked for a solution that made him dwell on the two generals who served in Italy.", "title": "Historical context" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Leo appointed Ricimer as patricius e magister militum commander-in-chief with the title of Patrician and Majorian as magister militum, making Majorianus the subordinate of Ricimer. In doing so, he insulted Majorianus who, with the support of the Senate, forced Leo to appoint him to Caesar on April 1, 457. When Leo hesitated to acknowledge him, Majorian proclaimed himself emperor of the west on December 28, 457, with the support of the Senate and the army.", "title": "Historical context" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Gallic aristocracy considered Majorian elevation to emperor by the Senate as usurpation and put forward their own candidate Marcellinus as successor to Avitus.To strengthen themselves against Roman power in Italy, they sought support from the Burgundians and Visigoths. A delegation representing several cities in addition to the senatorial nobility turned to Gundioc and sent an envoy to the emperor in the east. In exchange for more territory, the Burgundian king supported the Gallo-Romans and sent militias to the cities. The Visigothic king Theodoric also lined up behind the insurgents.", "title": "Historical context" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The interregnum lasted months after the death of Avitus. Most of the Gallic cities and aristocracy were turned away from Italy, and Generals Ricimer and Majorian were unsure what to do now. Taking advantage of the situation, Theoderic saw opportunities to found his own state on Roman soil. In the course of 457 he put aside the treaty with the Romans and rebelled, with which the war began. In Aquitaine he drew all power towards him and ordered his brother Frederik to conquer the adjacent region Septimania. The answer to this from the formal authority in Italy was long overdue. An invasion of northern Italy by the Alemanni and the southern Vandals caused Ricimer and Majorian to focus their attention on other matters than the Visigoths in Gaul. Yet they had a windfall with the imperial army in Gaul which was partly under the command of Aegidius, a general who declared himself loyal to Majorian. With this they still had a card in their hands that would soon be deployed.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The advance of the Goths in the south continued reprehensively now that they encountered no opposition. Frederick conquered Septimania and Theodoric II seized Narbonne which gave the Goths access to the Mediterranean. This port city fell into his hands without gun violence thanks to the betrayal of the Roman general Agrippinus, unlike Aegidius, had turned away from Majorian. According to Mathisens, he belonged to the Gallic insurgents who had turned to the Burgundians. Nevertheless, after the conquest of Septimania, the Visigoths clashed with the Gallic field army led by Aegidus. Majorianus had appointed him magister militum per Gallias, replacing Agrippinus, and given the order to put things in order in Gaul. At Arles, the Visigoths clashed with the Romans, with Aegidius being cut short. After his defeat, he withdrew from the south.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Recimer and Majorian could not send reinforcements now that they themselves were confronted with external incursions in Italy. From Raetia, the Alemanni penetrated Italian territory as far as Lake Maggiore. There they were intercepted and defeated by the troops of comes Burco, sent by Majorian to stop them. A group of Vandals landed in Campania in the summer of 457, at the mouth of the Garigliano River, and began to destroy and plunder the region. Majorian personally led the Roman army to a victory over the invaders at Sinuessa killing many of them.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Only after consolidating his position in Italy could Majorian concentrate on restoring power in Gaul. Before that, he first had to strengthen the Roman army. Unlike under Aetius, at this stage the Roman army no longer had the manpower and logistics to maintain itself as before. Majorianus recruited barbarians en masse to bring the army to strength. Some of these were Huns under a certain Tuldila, who came from a group that settled on the Danube during the collapse of Attila's empire. Others were Rugi, Gepids, Heruli and Goths from Noricum and Pannonia, and it is likely that Majorianus agreed to formally recognize the territory and income they controlled in exchange for their military services. He may also have withdrawn some of the remaining Pannonian Limitanei Be that as it may, from the military commander of Dalmatia Marcellinus he received support consisting of supplying troops and fleet units.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "With his new federated troops, Majorian had assembled a force of as many as 10,000 men. He appointed Nepotianus as his second general in rank behind Ricimer and then marched across the Alps towards Gaul. Here Aegidius's army joined him, who had meanwhile strengthened with Frankish auxiliary troops, and their army now amounted to 20,000 men, with which the Roman army was considerably stronger than the armed forces that Theodoric could oppose.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "With the bulk of his army, supplemented by loyal foederati and accompanied by his generals Aegidius and Nepotianus, Majorian marched in 458 against the Gallic insurgents who had united with the Burgundians of Gundioc. They entered the Rhone Valley and defeated the Burgundians even before they could have retreated into Lugdunum. Then it was the turn of the rebellious Gallic cities in the south, which surrendered one by one to Majorian.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "After this, the Romans marched against the Visigoths of Theoderic who stayed with his army near Arles, at the mouth of the river Rhodanus (Rhône).The resulting battle was an overwhelming defeat for the Goths. The Roman army was supreme in battle and won the battle. The defeated Visigoths fled after the defeat and King Theodoric II narrowly escaped death.", "title": "The War" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The Visigothic army fled to Toulouse where they were enclosed by the Roman army. After a brief siege, the king surrendered and peace talks began. In the peace that Majorian forced the Visigoths, they had to give up their settlements in Spain and Gaul and return within the limits of their settlement area in Aquitaine according to the original foederati treaty with the Romans from 418.", "title": "End" } ]

[ "Template:Sfn", "Template:CN", "Template:Wikicite", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Aut" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Siege of Rumkale or the Fall of Rumkale took place in 1292 and resulted in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia losing the castle of Rumkale to the Mamluk Sultanate.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Amidst the fierce wars between the Egyptian Mamluks on one hand and the Mongol Ilkhanate and the Crusaders on the other hand, the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia which was an Armenian Kingdom in southern Anatolia (modern-day southern Turkey). When the Mongols were preparing to invade Egypt, the Armenians supported them. These forces were annihilated along with the Mongols at the hands of the Mamluks in the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260), and in all the battles in which the Armenians cooperated with the Mongols or Crusaders after that.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After the Mamluk army conquered the city of Acre, which was considered the most important Crusader state and the heir to the throne of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there was an Armenian castle called the Rumkale (meaning the \"Roman Castle\"). This castle was very important to the Armenians because it was the seat of the Armenian Patriarch. It was also a refuge to the Mongols and the Crusaders who fled from the Mamluk army in the Levant. The castle's forces, led by the Armenian Patriarch Stefanos IV, secretly carried out raids on Muslim caravans and on rural villages, in violation of a treaty with the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Qalawun.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Mamluk governor of the city of Aleppo learned through his spies about these violations of the treaty. In 1292, a detailed report was sent to Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil, who was still returning to Egypt after the conquest of Acre. The sultan ordered a general mobilization throughout Egypt and the usual call for volunteers in Egypt to join a campaign against Rumkale. The preachers in the mosques delivered sermons to encourage Muslims to join the jihad. Al-Maqrizi, a 14th-century writer, mentions that the most prominent preacher was the Abbasid caliph, who delivered a sermon in the mosque of the citadel.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Sultan El-Ashraf Khalil bin Qalawun accompanied by his vizier Ibn al-Sal'us came out at the head of the Egyptian army to confront the Armenians. The Egyptian army reached the city of Damascus, then moved to Aleppo. From Aleppo, it reached the walls of the Rumkale Citadel, whose inhabitants and its Armenian and Mongol fighters were shocked by the Egyptian army outside the city walls. But despite the terror within the walls of the castle, the city was very impregnable because of the Euphrates River and the Marzban River, which surrounded the castle from every point, and its mountainous nature, in addition to the strength and height of its walls. All of these factors made it a more formidable and stronger castle than the Acre Castle, which the Egyptians conquered with great difficulty.", "title": "Siege" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Egyptian army did not give up and began to implement a plan that was extremely intelligent and difficult at the same time. As an attempt to restrict the inhabitants of the castle, the Armenians and Mongols, and force them to surrender, the Egyptian forces pulled the waters of the Euphrates River towards the valleys and they were filled with water. With the presence of the Marzaban River, the Egyptians knew that they could control the castle from all sides. 30 catapults were deployed and began to demolish the city walls during the Egyptian siege on it, the catapults continued to strike the walls of the citadel without stopping for a month until the walls of the city were pierced on many sides. At that time, Prince Sanjar al-Shuja'i, the deputy of Damascus, ordered a chain to be made and entangled in the holes. The Egyptian soldiers mounted it in a great epic battle, and fought intensely. The citadel was conquered on Saturday, the eleventh of Rajab, in the year 691 AH, corresponding to 1292 AD.", "title": "Siege" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After the Egyptians entered the citadel, they stormed the headquarters of the Armenian Patriarch Stefanos IV, who was attacking Egyptian caravans and villages and protecting the Mongols, and he was arrested.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The Egyptian army's siege of the castle lasted for 33 days, and after its conquest, Sultan Khalil named it the Qal'at al-Muslimin (Castle of the Muslims), instead of its old name, the Rumkale Castle. It was known by this name, and Sultan Khalil ordered the rebuilding of everything that was destroyed in the castle and the flags of the Sultanate of Egypt be raised over it on all sides.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Sultan Khalil left Emir Sanjar al-Shuja‘i at the castle and returned to Damascus with prisoners. The population of Damascus bid farewell to the victorious Sultan on his way to Cairo at night with thousands of lighted candles. The Egyptian army returned, with Sultan El-Ashraf Khalil at its head, and entered Cairo at night from the Bab al-Nasr (Victory Gate), according to the old Egyptian custom. The Egyptian army was received by tens of thousands of Egyptian people who lighted thousands of candles and hanged decorations. The women continued to ululate and the voices of takbir and applause rose.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Neutral", "Template:Infobox military conflict", "Template:Verify source", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Kinshasa Financial Center (French: Centre Financier de Kinshasa) is a financial hub strategically located in the Gombe commune of Kinshasa, in the western region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Covering a total area of 41,000 square meters, it is the largest financial center in the DRC. The center houses key institutions such as the Ministries of Finance and Budget, the General Directorates, the General Inspectorate of Finance, the General Secretariat of Finance, and the Development Bank. It is administered by the state-owned Investment Fund commercial entity, which supervises real estate assets like the financial and convention centers.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The center was commissioned by President Félix Tshisekedi in February 2022 and was officially inaugurated on December 19, 2023. It was constructed by the Turkish company Milvest, a subsidiary of Miller Holding.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In February 2022, Turkish President, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, visited the DRC as a part of Turkey–DRC bilateral relationship. During his visit, Erdogan signed several deals on security, defense, and infrastructure with the country. A conspicuous facet of these accords involved the participation of the Turkish construction firm Milvest, which was pre-financed $290 million by the DRC to construct the Kinshasa Financial Center. The construction commenced in June 2022 in the Gombe commune near a Turkish English International School, with an additional investment of $60 million for an affiliated hotel, which will be transferred to the DRC after a 49-year Turkish tenure. The project employed around 3,000 workers, including 1,800 Congolese and 1,200 Turkish workers.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The center was initially envisioned to span 18 months, featuring a skyline with twin towers of more than fifteen levels opposite the Courthouse. The first 20-story twin tower houses the Ministries of Finance at 107 meters, while the second 16-story twin tower accommodates the Ministries of Budget at a height of 90 meters. Parenthetically, the structures include a 16-story Finance Center at 78 meters, a 5-story government edifice, a 5-story Ministry of Technology tax office and data center, a 13-story, 66-meter 5-star hotel, and two office buildings with a helipad. The architectural plan also incorporates catering and retail spaces, two ultra-modern auditoriums within the Kinshasa Congress Center, boasting a capacity for 3,000 attendees across 3,500 square meters, as well as green spaces, a swimming pool, a water feature, and two parking facilities capable of accommodating 1,100 vehicles.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On December 19, 2023, amid the general election, the Kinshasa Financial Center was unveiled alongside other buildings at Université Pédagogique Nationale and Kinshasa General Hospital. During the inauguration ceremony, an underground parking lot was introduced to the public.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox building", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "El diablo en el cuerpo (The Devil in My Body) is a 2023 studio album by Chilean pop musician Álex Anwandter.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox album", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Discogs master", "Template:MBrgID", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Inuse", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Use list-defined references" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Saeed Yaghoubian/ سعید یعقوبیان (born December 11, 1979 - Tabriz) is an Iranian Setar player and musician Based on Tehran. His works in the field of musical research and criticism have been published in journals such as Mahoor Institute of Culture and Arts, honar-e musighi, Bookcity, and Zangar as well as some Iranian online journals including Noise and Harmonytalk. He is also the founder, editor in chief, and writer of the website \"Khaneh-ye Tarompet-e Iran\" (The Iranian Trumpet House).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He was trained in Setar playing and performance by Babak Rahati, Masoud Shaari, and Behrooz Hemmati, and studied solfege and harmony with Nima Gorran.", "title": "Education:" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "His Academic Education is Master of Arts in Economic Development and Planning, Allameh Tabataba'i University", "title": "Education:" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In addition, he has taught (connection between poetry and music) at Tehran Girls' Music High School between 2013-2017.", "title": "Positions:" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Yasht (1): Oud and Setar duet, composed and performed by Yasmin Shahhosseini", "title": "Albums:" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Yasht (2): Oud and Setar duet, composed by Saeed Yaghoubian, featuring Yasmin Shahhosseini", "title": "Albums:" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Heat Flow Experiment was a lunar science experiment that aimed to measure the rate of heat loss at the surface of the moon. Four experiments were carried on board Apollo missions. Two experiments were successfully deployed as part of Apollo 15 and Apollo 17. The instrument on Apollo 16 was deployed but the cable from it to the ALSEP central station was broken and the experiment was rendered inoperable. A heat flow experiment was carried onboard Apollo 13 but the mission was aborted in-flight and the instrument never reached the surface.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Establishing some of the thermal properties of the moon's surface was already feasible by the time of the Apollo missions. Measuring infrared emissions via telescope and the measuring of microwave emission spectra from the moon was already possible from the surface of the earth. These techniques had already established some of characteristics of the moon's surface including temperature, thermal conductivity and heat capacity. The degree to which these properties were limited by the low levels of IR emission, long wavelengths limiting data resolution, and how the moon's thermal properties vary with depth.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "No one person can be attributed with the proposal to measure heat flow from the moon given the large number of proposals NASA sought from academia, industry and from science groups at NASA itself. Several of these proposed such an experiment. The result though was that a small committee was formed to explore how thermal measurements of the moon could be taken. The committee decided that the focus of any thermal experiment should be focused on heat flow from the moon's interior.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The committee considered a number of approaches that included multiple probes and another that included \"blankets\". The blanket technique was initially ruled out due to the complexity of matching the thermal albedo of the blanket probes with that of the moon's surface. The method that became the basis for the instrument was a cylindrical heater paired with a temperature sensor a set distance away. Further work by this group established that the probe would need to be inserted into the subsurface to avoid large temperature fluctuations caused by the day-night cycle at the surface. Bendix Corporation were selected as the principal contractor for the instrument and Arthur D. Little as the sub-contractor. Gulton Industries Inc. were selected to develop the electronic circuitry.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Due to the need for the probe to be placed at depth below the regolith surface, it was known that a drill to penetrate the lunar surface would be required. Development of the drill was led by Martin Marietta, who had previous experience developing tools for NASA.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The instrument package consists of two probes, each consisting of two 50 cm long sections. Each section end has a gradient thermometer that can measure at two points 28 and 47 cm from each end. Each section can therefore measure temperatures along four points. The cables that connect the probe to the experiment's electronics housing also has 4 thermocouples at 0 cm, 65 cm, 115 cm and 165 cm from the topmost gradient sensor. Each section end also contains a heater to enable the measurement of material conductivity. Each heater had two power settings, 0.002 W and 0.5 W that would allow an exploration across a range of possible material conductivities. Readings from the experiment were taken either every 7.1 minutes or every 54 seconds depending on the heater mode. The probe sections were emplace through the use of the Lunar Surface drill, ideally to a depth of 3m below the surface.", "title": "Instrument" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The heat flow experiment was originally planned to be carried on Apollo 13 however due to the mission abort that occurred this did not occur. This instrument burnt up in Earth's atmosphere whilst still on board the Lunar Module. There was not sufficient time to add the HFE to Apollo 14.", "title": "Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The failure of Apollo 13 was perceived by its Principal Investigator to have had an impact on the collection of science. The planned landing site for Apollo was found to have a substantial presence of long-lived radioisotope. The project's principal investigator believed that if the Apollo 13 instrument deployment had been attempted, it would have led to better mitigations on later missions for the problems experienced with the drill and the compact regolith.", "title": "Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Drilling of the holes on Apollo 15 was undertaken by David Scott, the mission's commander. After drilling down 100 cm, the drill started to become ineffective but despite a number of challenges Scott managed to drill down to a depth of 170 cm. By this point Scott was having to apply his full weight and the decision was made to insert the first probe to prove out functionality. A second drill hole was started but difficulties with drilling were experienced immediately and finishing of the second drill hole was delayed for the second mission EVA. The second drill hole only managed to make a depth of 100 cm and the probe was not fully below the lunar surface. Despite these difficulties, the probes were able to take readings.", "title": "Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The cause of the challenges was due to the deeper levels of the lunar soil not having been undisturbed for at least half a billion years. This resulted in extreme compaction that meant further compression of the material could not occur without large amounts of force.", "title": "Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "On Apollo 16 the holes for the probes were dug by Charles Duke who managed to drill down to 3 meters below the surface. The drill on Apollo 16 had been modified to rectify the issues experienced on the prior mission, Apollo 15. The experiment came to an end before it started when John Young tripped over the cable connecting the experiment to the ALSEP central station. Whilst the cabling has been designed to resist tensile strains from being tugged, it was not designed to resist tearing motions. Repairing was considered but rejected due to it needing several hours of surface time.", "title": "Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Both of the Apollo 17 boreholes were drilled without problem and both probes were installed without issue, continuing to operate for several years.", "title": "Missions" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The experiment found that the very near surface of the lunar regolith, consisting of a few centimetres, was dominated by the radiative transfer of heat. This is primarily because the material is fairly aerated with limited soil particle contact reducing conductive transfer. During the lunar noon, 70% of all heat transfer was radiative. After the first 2-3 cm, the soil compaction increases and the subsequent density increases from 1.1-1.2 g/cc to 1.75-2.1 g/cc. The result is a substantially increased conductivity.", "title": "Science" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The HFE found a thermal gradient of between 1.5-2.0 °K/m with a heat flow of around 17 mW/m. When accounting for measurement uncertainty, this aligned well with seismic and magnetic data. This would imply temperatures that would be relatively close to melting at depths of around 300 km.", "title": "Science" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox laboratory equipment", "Template:Cite website", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Miguel Manoel Rodrigues (c. 1924 – 5 October 1955), known professionally as Minguel Rod or M. Rod., was a Goan singer, composer, playwright, and actor known for his work in tiatr productions. One of the greatest composers of the Konkani stage, he was a leading figure in the golden phase of tiatr from the 1940s to the mid-1950s, alongside Konkani actor C. Alvares. Throughout his career, he composed over 300 kantaram and wrote 32 tiatrs, many of which were well-received and popular among his audience.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Minguel Rodrigues, was born as Miguel Manoel Rodrigues in c. 1924, to Manoel Rodrigues and Dominica Vicente, he hailed from a financially disadvantaged family in the village of Cortalim, located in the southern region of Goa. Rodrigues embarked on a career as a playwright, staging his tiatrs, in a neighbor's verandah, using improvised curtains made from bed sheets. Initially, his productions catered to a local audience, presenting shorter tiatrs within his native village.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Rodrigues ventured into creating longer dramas aimed at larger crowds. However, in his eagerness to showcase his work, he overlooked the requisite procedure of obtaining a performance license from the government authorities. The Portuguese administration, under whose colonial rule Goa remained at the time, became aware of this transgression and endeavored to apprehend Rodrigues. However, the young Rodrigues managed to evade capture by fleeing Goa and finding refuge in the city of Bombay (now Mumbai).", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During his stay in Bombay, Rodrigues actively searched for opportunities to establish himself as an actor in tiatrs. However, his endeavors met with limited success, leaving him disappointed. Undeterred, he even ventured into producing his own short play, but failed to gain recognition or advancement in his career. Despite the challenges he faced, Rodrigues did manage to secure a chance to demonstrate his singing skills in a tiatr directed by Anthony De Sa. Unfortunately, this opportunity did not lead to any significant breakthroughs or new avenues for his professional growth.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "However, Rodrigues' fortunes began to change when he received news that the Portuguese regime, which had been keeping an eye on him, was no longer pursuing him. This development provided him with a glimmer of hope and motivated him to make a discreet return to his homeland in 1943, coinciding with Joao Agostinho Fernandes' plans to present the tiatr production titled Bebdo (Drunkard) in Mapuça, featuring an ensemble cast.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Upon learning of Rodrigues' return to Goa, Fernandes extended an invitation for him to showcase his singing talent in his tiatr. It was the production titled Bebdo that served as Rodrigues' much-awaited breakthrough. His vocal performance in the play left a lasting impression on the audience, leading Fernandes to promptly recommend him to Souza Ferrao. Ferrao, who was organizing his own tiatr called Xetkampti (Farmer), saw the potential in Rodrigues and eagerly included him in the cast. One of Rodrigues' solo kunbi songs, \"Naum Minguelll\", emerged as the standout piece in Xetkampti and garnered significant acclaim. Subsequently, numerous offers began to pour in, with Bombay-based contractors vying to secure Rodrigues for their upcoming shows. Capitalizing on his newfound popularity, Rodrigues ventured into writing his own tiatrs.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1945, Rodrigues unveiled his first full-length tiatr, Duddvancho Fors (Power of Wealth), which enjoyed immediate success. Contractors quickly recognized that Rodrigues' tiatrs not only delivered an entertaining experience but also tackled profound themes and showcased beautiful singing in each act. Rodrigues was diligent in ensuring that his productions featured three songs: a regular solo, a comic solo, and a duet or trio performance with his colleagues. Moreover, Rodrigues' regular appearances on All India Radio further elevated his stature, and his songs gained widespread popularity through HMV Records. Among his notable renditions are \"Burgueponn\", \"Tarvotti\", and \"Dotik Rodditat\", which have achieved enduring status as beloved classics.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Rodrigues struggled with alcoholism, and he died due to it on 4 October 1955, at the age of 31 at his residence in Cortalim, Goa.", "title": "Death" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The death of Rodrigues had a profound impact on the Konkani community, particularly in Colonial Goa. The official radio station of Goa, Emisora de Goa (now All India Radio of Prasar Bharati), dedicated a significant portion of their broadcast to provide a live commentary on the funeral procession. This commentary was delivered by Allen Costa, who also paid homage to Rodrigues by playing his songs for a continuous duration of two hours. Such a tribute was a rare honor bestowed upon a tiatrist (a performer in the traditional Goan theatre form known as tiatr).", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1976, Richard Fernandes undertook an endeavor to revive the artistic legacy of Rodrigues who had passed away two decades prior. Fernandes assumed the roles of director and producer to bring Rodrigues' tiatr, titled Irmanv-achem Cazar (Brother's Wedding), back to life. This theatrical production was meticulously organized, weighing the various factors involved, such as its strengths, weaknesses, and overall satisfaction of the director and actors. The tiatr resonated well with the audience, instilling confidence in Fernandes and prompting him to continue the tradition. The following year, Fernandes directed and produced another tiatr written by Rodrigues, titled Ghorachem Kestaum, further contributing to the preservation of Rodrigues' artistic legacy.", "title": "Cultural impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "During this period, a significant community of Goan expatriates who had migrated from East Africa had settled in Canada. The performances of the aforementioned tiatrs deeply resonated their hearts. Inspired by the success of Rodrigues' works, individuals such as Frank D'Souza, Margaret D'Souza, Delphine D'Souza, Braz D'Cruz, Frank Fernandes, and Zulema D'Souza joined forces with Richard Fernandes to establish a theatrical group known as The Goan Theatrical Group (GTG). Margaret D'Souza took on the responsibility of scripting the performances in English, which were then translated into Konkani to cater to the Konkani-speaking community residing in Toronto, Canada. The GTG embarked on a journey, creating and presenting their own theatrical productions for nearly two decades.", "title": "Cultural impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Among the productions presented by The Goan Theatrical Group were: Alzirachem Sopon (1978), produced by Lina Remedios, Divors Matarponnar (1980), directed by Frank De Souza, Tegui Bailo (Three Women) (1981), directed by Frank De Souza, Kalljidar Bhoinn (Brave Sister) (1982), directed by Frank De Souza, Peleachi Nosai (1983), directed by Errol Francis, Gupit Mog (Secret Love) (1984), translated by Lynn Souza Marques and written and directed by Margaret De Souza, Atancho Teomp (1986), directed by Margaret De Souza, Konn Mhozo Pai (Who Is My Father) (1987), translated by Maggie Francis and written and directed by Margaret De Souza, Ojeapanchi Bhett (Surprising Sacrifice) (1988), translated by Frank De Souza and written and directed by Margaret De Souza, Rateor (1990), translated by Frank De Souza and written and directed by Margaret De Souza, Doria Amchem Noxib (1995), translated by Maggie Francis and written and directed by Margaret De Souza.", "title": "Cultural impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Rodrigues's tiatrs played a significant role in fostering the tiatr culture within the Canadian community. Similarly to Goa, the tiatr activities in Canada came to a halt due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as of August 2022, the Konkani-speaking diaspora anticipates the revival of tiatr performances now that the restrictions imposed in the aftermath of the pandemic have been lifted.", "title": "Cultural impact" } ]

[ "Template:Circa", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Short description", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Infobox person" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology and Skill Development (BBSUTSD), also known as Government College of Technology (GCT) Khairpur, is a public university located in Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Established in 2016, it aims to provide quality education in technology and skill development, empowering individuals and contributing to the regional economy.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Pakistan-university-stub", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Manor MRT07 (also known as the Manor MRT06) was a Formula One car built by Manor Racing, which was to be used in the 2017 Formula One season. The MRT07 was never completely built due to lack of sufficient financial resources.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2017, the Manor team came under the control of the administrators of FRP Advisory, and after the announcement of its liquidation, a photo of the car in a smaller size was published. Two racing car chassis were built. Due to the difficult financial situation of the team, at the beginning of January, the team started work on a modification of the previous season's car called MRT05B. The car was tested in the wind tunnel of the Mercedes team, and work on the car was suspended when an investor could not be found to buy the team.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Expand french", "Template:Racing car", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Manor Racing" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nymphaea pedersenii is a species of waterlily native to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Nymphaea pedersenii has ovoid to subglobose tubers. The broadly elliptic leaf blade is up to 31 cm long and 22 cm wide. The coriaceous blade of the floating leaves is connected to non-brittle, brownish, glabrescent, 7.1−10 mm wide petioles with a ring of trichomes at the apex. It has two primary central air and six secondary peripheral air canals. The leaf venation is actinodromous.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The nocturnal flowers float on the water surface. The syncarpous gynoecium consists of approximately 39 carpels with clavate, cream-coloured, curved, 1.2−1.8 cm long and 2−4 mm wide appendages. The globose apex shows rosy colouration. The ellipsoid, granulose, pilose seeds have trichomes arranged in continuous longitudinal lines.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 18.", "title": "Cytology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In Argentina, the main mode of reproduction relies on stolon formation. Proliferating pseudanthia are absent.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "This species is not autogamous and outcrossing is obligatory. Flowering occurs throughout the year.", "title": "Reproduction" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "It was first described by Wiersema in 1987 as Nymphaea amazonum subsp. pedersenii, but later it was elevated to a separate species Nymphaea pedersenii by C.T.Lima and Ana Maria Giulietti in 2021.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The type specimen was collected by Wiersema, Vanni and Schinini in a lagoon in Itatí, Corrientes, Argentina on the 15th of April 1982.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "It is placed in Nymphaea subgenus Hydrocallis.", "title": "Taxonomy" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The specific epithet pedersenii honours Troels Myndel Pedersen.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In Brazil, it was observed in a stream with up to 3 m depth in the state Pará and in permanent or temporary lagoons in the Pantanal. In Argentina, it was observed growing in a lagoon.", "title": "Ecology" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "It is pollinated by the beetle species Cyclocephala mollis. Beetles have been found trapped within the flowers.", "title": "Ecology" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Taxonbar" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hulsoor Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in Karnataka state assembly in India until 2008 when it was made defunct. It was part of Bidar Lok Sabha seat.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "18°01′05″N 77°00′37″E / 18.018162°N 77.010178°E / 18.018162; 77.010178", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox Indian constituency", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Coord", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use Indian English", "Template:Full party name with color", "Template:Empty section", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Assembly constituencies of Karnataka", "Template:Use dmy dates" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kayadelen is a village in the Varto District of the Muş Province in east Turkey.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "There is Kayadelen karstic cave in the village.", "title": "Geology and geography" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox Turkey place", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:EAnatolia-geo-stub", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Man Lok Leung (born 29 March 1999) is an Hong Kongese professional soft-tip and steel-tip darts player who currently plays in the World Darts Federation (WDF) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. He is a WDF World Cup silver medalist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Leung qualified for the 2017 PDC World Youth Championship through the Asian qualifier, defeated 6–2 by Rhys Hayden in the First Round. He returned to PDC competition on the 2020 PDC Development Tour, later competing at the 2020 PDC World Youth Championship, reaching the last 32 having won his group. The following year, Leung competed at the 2021 PDC World Cup of Darts alongside Kai Fan Leung, missing match darts to defeat Northern Ireland in the First Round.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In January 2023, Leung made his debut on the World Series of Darts having received a wildcard to compete at the inaugural Bahrain Darts Masters. Having finished joint fourth in the 2023 Asian Tour, Leung lost a World Championship qualifier to Reynaldo Rivera in September 2023. His qualification for the 2024 PDC World Darts Championship was confirmed however following the success of Haruki Muramatsu at the Asian Championship, allowing fifth position in the Asian tour of merit to qualify. On 18 December 2023, Leung made his World Championship debut, defeating highly rated Gian van Veen 3–2 in the First Round having trailed 2–0. His run came to an end in the Second Round when he was defeated 3–1 by Gabriel Clemens. Despite his relative success, Leung ruled out an immediate attempt to earn a tour card due to the financial pressure to keep working full-time.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox darts player", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mohamed Nagy El Mahlawy (May 6, 1917 – August 25, 1978), an Egyptian nephrologist, and former president of Ain Shams University. He was the first to introduce artificial kidneys in Egypt and the Middle East and holds Order of the Republic (Egypt), First Class and the Order of Merit, Third Class and Fourth Class.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Al-Mahlawi was born on May 6, 1917, in Cairo. His father was Sheikh Muhammad al-Mahlawi, one of the senior scholars of Al-Azhar (who held the international rank of Al-Azhar) and a member of the first body of senior scholars of Al-Azhar during the reign of Khedive Abbas Hilmi II. His mother is Ruqayya Nasr Al-Adli, daughter of Sheikh Nasr Al-Adli, head of the proofreaders at Bulaq Press.", "title": "Early" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Al-Mahlawi graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Cairo University in 1940, then worked as a resident physician for internal diseases, then a teaching assistant at the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University in 1945. He worked as a teacher of internal diseases at Kasr Al-Aini Medicine from February 1947, and was assigned to teach at the Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine in 1948. In March 1950, Al-Mahlawi was transferred as a lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University, then he was appointed as an assistant professor in January 1951, then as a professor for the chair of internal medicine in December 1959. He was appointed as a full-time professor at the Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University from retirement age in May 1977 until his death.", "title": "Education and academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Al-Mahlawy was appointed Vice Dean of the Faculty of Medicine for Postgraduate Studies in September 1965, then its Dean in July 1967. Then he was appointed Vice Dean of Ain Shams University for Postgraduate Studies and Research in September 1969, and the appointment was renewed in September 1973. Then he was appointed President of Ain Shams University from May 1974 until he reached retirement age in May 1977.", "title": "Education and academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He was the first to introduce artificial kidneys in Egypt and the Middle East and holds the Order of the Republic, He established the Artificial Kidney Department at the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, and contributed to its development later.", "title": "Education and academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After El Mahlawy's death on August 25, 1978, Imad Salem (Secretary General of Suez Canal University) gave an amount of 800 pounds as a gift to the Faculty of Medicine of Ain Shams in the name of Professor Dr. Mohamed Nagy El Mahlawy. It was allocated to outstanding students, so the Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University purchased investment certificates, the return of which was distributed every year to a student. The first bachelor's degree was in general internal medicine, and then the Mahlawi family continued to increase the value of the certificates until it reached ten thousand pounds. This award has been running since 1978 until now.", "title": "Dr. Muhammad Naji Al-Mahlawi Award" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Muhammad Naji Al-Mahlawi died on the morning of Friday, August 25, 1978, AD, corresponding to Ramadan 21, 1398 AH, as a result of a Intracerebral hemorrhage.", "title": "Death" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Commons category", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Multiple issues", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Citation needed", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sing & Dance With Barney is a 1999 family-musical direct-to-video movie that was released on January 12, 1999. Directed by Steven Feldman and written by Mark S. Bernthal, this video commemorated the tenth anniversary of Barney. This was the first Barney video to involve a cast reunion.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The kids get a mysterious invitation for a party. All of the children get together and gather in the treehouse as directed by the invitations they received. As the kids gather inside the treehouse, Barney springs to life, delighted and happy to see all of his friends. Barney hints that they'll be seeing more friends as the day goes on. Eventually, BJ and Baby Bop join the gang as they received invitations as well. Barney makes it known that they've all arrived at his \"Super-Dee-Duper Sing-Along\", decorating the treehouse in balloons and streamers and eventually providing snacks. Barney makes it known that the sing-along will be filled with more surprises. Eventually, the gang gets surprised by the sound of a cow and they arrive at Grandpa's Farm. After their trip at the farm, they arrive back at the treehouse to be surprised by more of Barney's friends (Tosha, Michael and Kathy). They explain that they've been friends with Barney for a long time, since they were children, showcasing old pictures with them. As BJ, Baby Bop and the children head to get snacks, the older crowd thanks Barney for inviting them to the party and recall some memories they with him, further emphasizing that they can always count on him. Given that he has so many friends who can count on him, Barney makes the point that his friends are just like his family.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Eventually, while carrying balloons, BJ runs into Linda, Danny and Kim. He explains that there's a sing-along occurring in the treehouse. Seeing that BJ lost his balloons, it reminds the gang of an airplane flying in the sky, in which they eventually pretend to be in one. Eventually, the gang runs into Baby Bop who's using her blankey for her toys. She explains the various other uses she has for her blankey and eventually sings about her love for it.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Linda, Danny and Kim arrive in the treehouse and thank Barney for inviting them. He introduces the three to Michael, Tosha and Kathy. Linda wonders if they've played any games yet, prompting them to sing and play along to \"The Clapping Song\". Danny soon wonders what's next to do, prompting Barney to reveal that more surprises are in store. Kim whispers to Barney of her suggestion and gives Linda and Danny a hint of her suggestion, Danny fails to guess correctly when he said go hiking so Kim gives them another hint. Linda succeeds when she guesses that their going camping, Linda, Danny and Kim head down to the school's playground to see a tent, with BJ and Baby Bop in front of it. Everyone heads inside the tent and is lead into Barney's Fun-tastic Forest. It eventually turns into nighttime and Barney and a few others go to look at the stars. Kathy finds Linda alone near the tent wondering as to why she didn't go with the others. Holding her teddy bear, she explains that she's afraid of the dark. Kathy explains that she felt the same way and explains that her teddy bear made her feel safe when she was little too. At another area in the forest, Barney, Tosha, Robert and Hannah look at the moon and stars.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After their camping trip, Stephen wonders what other surprises Barney has left for them. Barney's older friends decide to surprise Barney with the arrival of Min and Jason. The gang recalls more memories as they look at old photos. Min shows everyone a book she enjoyed reading when she was younger, which has a picture of a castle on it. It reminds her of the time that Barney took her, Derek, Michael, and Tina to see a real castle. Robert asks Barney if he could take them to see a castle now, prompting some of Barney's old and new friends to be in Storybook Land, a magical place where fairy tales become reality (complete with a castle). Later, Kim, Jeff, Linda and Hannah arrive in Storybook Land and are amazed that they are dressed like the people who live in castles. Baby Bop and BJ show off that they're pretending to be a queen and Old King Cole respectively to Barney. Baby Bop eventually sees a book with candy on the cover, Linda thought the story was candy, then thunder comes and it's a story of rain, prompting everyone to imagine that it's raining candy. After the pretend rain stops, they see a rainbow. Back in the treehouse, Barney tells everyone (including the viewer) that they're special and they tell him the same and that he can count on them. Barney thanks his friends for making it a special day for him. While the children express they're favorite parts of the day, Barney tells them that the best part was spending time with his friends. Then confetti comes down and the party continues.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Production for this video took place in July 1998. at the Studios at Las Colinas in Irving, Texas. While filming, the working title of this video was \"Super-Dee-Duper Sing-A-Long\".", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Te Quiero Lo Mejor de Barney is a Spanish soundtrack with songs from the home video Sing & Dance With Barney. It was released in 2000 by Tycoon Music.", "title": "Soundtrack and CD" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The 2009 re-release included a bonus music CD that contained five songs from the video. Distributed by HIT Entertainment and Lionsgate the CD is seven minutes and forty-one seconds long. All of the songs on the CD are taken from the album I Love to Sing with Barney, with the exception of \"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star\" which was taken directly from Sing & Dance With Barney.", "title": "Soundtrack and CD" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Sing & Dance With Barney was advertised in a major national campaign including print (Parade, People, Readers Digest, Family Plus, Parents, Woman's Day, Sesame Street, Crayola Kids) and television. Lyrick Studios, who produced and distributed the video, also leveraged its audio, book and plush animal businesses to cross-promote with the release. Lyrick also launched its first national TV ad campaign, which touted the video's VHS release.", "title": "Marketing" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Originally, this video was supposed to be released in December 1998, but the release was delayed to January 12, 1999. Sing & Dance With Barney was available for pre-order on December 15, 1998. Sing & Dance With Barney was released on VHS by Lyrick Studios at a suggested retail price of $14.95 in the US and $19.95 in Canada. It was released the same day as the album I Love to Sing with Barney, both celebrating Barney's 10th Anniversary. The video was also encoded to interact with Microsoft's ActiMates Barney, a toy with voice and movement responses cued to signals from a VCR or personal computer. Microsoft ActiMates was also the promotional partner for the video.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Retail sales for Sing & Dance With Barney were 50% higher compared to the previous Barney January video release, It's Time for Counting, which released in 1998. During the week of February 6, 1999, Sing & Dance With Barney debuted at #35 on the Billboard Top Video Sales chart. During its second week on the chart (February 13, 1999) it moved to #31. During the week of March 20, 1999, Sing & Dance With Barney would spent three weeks on the Billboard Top Kid Video chart, sitting at #13 during that week. During the week of April 3, 1999, it spent five weeks on the chart, bumping down to #15 on the chart. The United Kingdom release of Sing & Dance With Barney spent five weeks on the Official Video Chart for OCC, entering at #41 on July 5, 2003, and peaking at #3 on July 13, 2003", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Sing & Dance With Barney was eventually released on DVD on March 9, 2004, by HIT Entertainment. It would be re-released again on DVD on June 16, 2009, by HIT Entertainment andLionsgate Home Entertainment.", "title": "Release" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license.", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Creative Commons text attribution notice", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Uncategorized" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Madagascar. Each article deals with events in Madagascar in a given year", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Madagascar topics", "Template:Africa topic", "Template:Years in decade" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ayaulym Kadir (born 25 April 2006) is a Kazakh rhythmic gymnast, member of the national group.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ayaulym became a starter in the group in 2023, winning silver with 5 hoops and bronze with 3 ribbons & 2 balls at the World Cup in Tashkent. Later she finished 12th in the All-Around, and 7th with 3 ribbons & 2 balls in Portimão. Competing at the Asian Championships in Manila she was 4th in the All-Around and won silver in teams along Aruzhan Kassenova, Aidana Shayakhmetova, Aruzhan Kalsayeva, Assel Shukirbay and individuals Elzhana Taniyeva, Aibota Yertaikyzy, Milana Parfilova, as well as bronze in both event finals. In July the group was 11th at the World Cup in Cluj-Napoca. Selected for the World Championships in Valencia she was 20th in the All-Around, 16th with 5 hoops and 23rd with 3 ribbons & 2 balls.", "title": "Career" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox gymnast", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Wimbledon Internationale sponsored by Embassy was an individual motorcycle speedway event that was hosted annually at Wimbledon Stadium in London, England.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The event was first run during July 1961, as compensation to the British public for losing the rights to host the Speedway World Championship every year. The event was awarded to Wimbledon by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme and was significant because it attracted entries from most of the world's leading riders. In 1961, there were ten qualifying events.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It was discontinued after the 1981 edition.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Speedway in the United Kingdom", "Template:Short description", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Infobox motorsport championship", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:United Kingdom Speedway Seasons", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use British English" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Michael Willis (born December 9, 1991) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Marist College; a position he will hold in 2024. He also coached and played college football for Princeton.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Start", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Subhead", "Template:Pioneer Football League coach navbox", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Marist Red Foxes football coach navbox", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox college coach", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Entry", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Subtotal", "Template:CFB Yearly Record End", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Amfoot-coach-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ahmed Talaat ( born 23 November 1982 in Sohag Governorate) is an Egyptian actor. He played his first role in the series Al Safina in 2006.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Orphan", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Commons category", "Template:Authority control" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zvi Ben-Zvi (Hebrew: צבי בן-צבי, 1927 - 12 October 1988) was an Israeli Paralympic competitor in para-athletics and wheelchair basketball.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ben-Zvi was wounded during his military service in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1953, he was one of three delegates representing Israel in the Stoke Mandeville Games for the first time. He returned to the Games several times during the 1950s and won at least two bronze medals, one in athletics and another in wheelchair basketball.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As a member of the national men's wheelchair basketball he took part in the 1960 Summer Paralympics, the 1964 Summer Paralympics and the 1968 Summer Paralympics, winning one gold medal (1968) and two bronze medals (1960, 1964). Ben-Zvi also competed in Athletics and participated in the 1972 Summer Paralympics and the 1976 Summer Paralympics. He took part in the events for club throw (1964, 1968), shot put (1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976), javelin throw and precision javelin (1968, 1972 and 1976) and wheelchair novices dash (1968).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "At the 1968 Summer Paralympics held in Israel, Ben-Zvi was the athletes' representative for the Paralympic Oath.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "At the 1972 Summer Paralympics, Ben-Zvi was head of the Israeli delegation.", "title": "Biography" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Lang-he", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Sports links", "Template:Paralympic Oath" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jonathan Kiper, also known as \"Jonny Boston\" is an American restaurateur and candidate for Governor of New Hampshire.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kiper was a chef in the town of Newmarket, New Hampshire until one day decided to travel abroad and learn new recipes in the hopes of opening his own restaurant. He eventually found his way to Sorrento, Victoria. There, when locals asked him where he was from, he said \"New Hampshire,\" with most responding that they did not know where that was. When he then told them it was near Boston, he earned the moniker \"Jonny Boston\"", "title": "Business career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Eventually, he returned to Newmarket and opened Jonny Boston's International at Tenney Square, a historical building in downtown Newmarket that in the last 200 years has been used as a law office, post office, grocery store, dwelling, cigar factory, shoe repair business and saloon prior to its current role.", "title": "Business career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He has earned renown for providing employment to local youth as employee shortages have persisted following the COVID-19 pandemic", "title": "Business career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He also wrote a children's book called \"Dream Detectives\"", "title": "Business career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Earlier in life he was also a witness in the trial of childhood friend Seth Bader, a former Stratham, New Hampshire lawyer who was convicted of murdering his ex-wife in the 1990s.", "title": "Business career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Kiper served on the Newmarket Zoning Board of Adjustment before being elected to the Newmarket Town Council in 2020, serving until 2022.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In that role, he helped honor Wentworth Cheswell, a Newmarket man believed to be the first African-American elected official in America.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2022, he endorsed Maggie Hassan for U.S. Senate", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 2023, he announced his run for Governor in the 2024 New Hampshire gubernatorial election", "title": "Political career" } ]

[ "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Uncategorized" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Bruneian ambassador in Brussels is the official representative of the Government in Bandar Seri Begawan to the Government of Belgium. The ambassador in Brussels is accredited to the European Commission on a regular basis.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Brunei and Belgium established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1984. Brunei established an embassy in Brussels in 1992, whereas Belgium established an Honorary Consulate in Brunei in 1990.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "50°47′54″N 4°23′41″E / 50.7982574°N 4.3946228°E / 50.7982574; 4.3946228", "title": "List of ambassadors" } ]

[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Diplomatic missions of Brunei", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox official post", "Template:Coord", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ena Fitzgerald was the pen name of Georgina Fitzgerald-Galaher (after marriage, Georgina Fitzgerald MacMillan; 1889-1962), an English journalist and author. She served as the editor of various magazines and was a correspondent for various newspapers. Earlier in life, she wrote novels, poems, and short stories. Her novel, Patcola, received considerable praise as being the first work of a teenager.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Georgina Fitzgerald-Galaher was born on 5 October 1889, near Cowes, Isle of Wight. She was the only child of Rev. George Fitzgerald-Galaher, M.A., litterateur (formerly of Dublin), by his second marriage. Her mother was from Yorkshire. She was a descendant of Edward FitzGerald, the translator of Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She was educated in the Isle of Wight.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Under the name of \"Ena Fitzgerald\", she published Patcola : An Indian Romance, written at the age of 17, and published in 1908. This was followed by The Witch Queen of Khem : the Tale of a Wrong made Right (1909), a romance story of Egypt. Both books were well received by very critics in Great Britain, India, Egypt, Australia, and South Africa. And the Stars Fought, an Isle of Wight romance, came out in 1912.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Fitzgerald contributed to children's literature with short stories for In the Lion's Mouth and Where Duty Calls or Danger, which were a series of books for children, edited by Alfred Henry Miles. She contributed the short story, \"War Scouots at Tripoli\" to With Hunter, Trapper and Scout in Camp and Field, another book in the A. H. Miles series.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Her poems were published in Arnell's Poets of the Wight (1922) and C. F. Forshaw's Pearls of Poesy (1911). She also contributed magazine articles, to the Chicago Tribune (Paris edition), Liverpool Post, Yorkshire Evening Post, Dancing Times, and others.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1926-29, Fitzgerald served as the editor of Yorkshire Homes, published by Gordon Chambers, County Homes Journals, Ltd. She was a correspondent for the Drapers' Record and Men's Wear and Yorkshire correspondent to the Dancing Times. Beginning in 1946, she was a correspondent for New Theatre Magazine. Fitzgerald served as honorary secretary of the Yorkshire District Institute of Journalists.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Fitzgerald gave lectures, and was the first woman to be a member of the Isle of Wight Aero Club.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1911, she was living at Newport,, in Shanklin in 1913, and in Wroxall in 1922. Two years later, her address was: Hotel D'Angleterre, 38 Faubourg St Honore, Paris.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In 1925, she married the engineer James Alison Macmillan, F.C.W.A., in Croydon, Surrey.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "A widow, Georgina Fitzgerald MacMillan died 10 January 1962.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Source-attribution", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Infobox writer" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cross-Strait Television (Chinese: 海峽衛視) is a satellite television channel based in Fujian, China, that primarily targets overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. It was launched on January 25, 2005, as the international channel of Southeast TV, and later renamed Fujian Strait TV in October of the same year. In 2020, it merged with Southeast Satellite TV to form the Satellite TV Center.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Cross-Strait Television's predecessor, the Southeast TV international channel, was launched on January 25, 2005. Initially, it was broadcast through the \"Great Wall Platform\" of the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television, reaching North America and Southeast Asia viewers. Over time, its coverage expanded to include other parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, and Oceania.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On October 1, 2005, the channel officially changed its name to Fujian Strait TV, with the call sign \"Strait Satellite TV.\" Its programming mainly catered to overseas Chinese and in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Liugou Township (simplified Chinese: 柳沟乡; traditional Chinese: 柳溝鄉; pinyin: Liǔgōu Xiāng) is a township under the administration of Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County, Gansu, China. As of 2022, it has 9 villages (Xietao Village, Gaji Village, Yuanjiashan Village, Yangshan Village, Liugou Village, Majia Village, Zhangguojia Village, Shangping Village and Fanjiagou Village) under its administration.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The name \"Liugou\" means ditch with willow trees in Chinese. There are many willow trees growing in the ditch where the village is located, hence the name Liugou.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Liugou was named by Chinese authorities to be the epicenter of the 2023 Jishishan earthquake, which killed at least 148 people.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Asof", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Gansu-geo-stub", "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Zh" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fortell Games, Inc. (stylized as FØRTELL GAMES) is a Ukrainian-American video game developer based in Santa Monica, California. It was founded in May 2022 in Wilmington, Delaware by game industry veteran Alexey Menshikov who previously ran former Kyiv based studio Beatshapers. The company is best known for its unexpected acquisition of the 2012 sandbox game Blocksworld in 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Fortell Games, Inc. was founded on the 24 May 2022 in Wilmington, Delaware. It relocated to Santa Monica in August that same year. The companies first publicly revealed game was Machines of Madness, which released as a demo on the 24 August 2023. The full release is to be announced.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Fortell first made a splash in late 2023 when rumors started circulating among online fan communities that Linden Lab's 2012 sandbox game Blocksworld had been sold to Fortell Games. The game, originally developed by Swedish company BoldAI AB, had shut down in 2020 after a steady decline over its lifetime. The news caused a stir among Blocksworlds small remaining fanbase and generated a following for Fortell Games. As of 2023, there has been no official announcement of a revival, with Alexey Menshikov saying they have made \"no promises\", however it seems to be in active development.", "title": "History" } ]

[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Uncategorized", "Template:Short description", "Template:Article for deletion/dated", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox company", "Template:Main" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kirsten Eli Lehfeldt (born 19 December 1952) is a Danish actress. After studying at the Aarhus Theatre School she appeared on stage in theatre productions and in a variety of reviews as a comic. In 1980, with her slim figure and penetrating singing voice she gained success in Aalborg (and later in Copenhagen) in the title role of Piaf representing the French singer Edith Piaf. In 1986, Lehfeldt made her film debut as the nurse Henriette in Helle Ryslinge's Flamberede hjerter, earning the prized Bodil Award for best actress. She has recently appeared in the comic Danish TV series Carmen Curlers and Guru. Since her husband died in 2022, she has continued performing the role of Gerda in the TV series Minkavlerne, now in its fourth year.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Denmark-actor-stub" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Agnostotes is a genus of artiopodan arthropod in the family Diplagnostidae of the order Agnostida. It was a widely distributed genus.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The base of the Jiangshanian stage is the FAD of A. orientalis.", "title": "Use in stratigraphy" } ]

[ "Template:Automatic taxobox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Improve categories", "Template:Short description" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thomas Heslop Hill (20 October 1850 – 8 November 1915), a British planter, was the most important coffee-planting pioneer in Malaya, and is also credited with being the first private individual there to plant Hevea rubber.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hill was born on 20 October 1850, and was educated at Brighton College, England.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1868, he went to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) to work as an assistant on a coffee plantation at Wanna Rajh, before moving to Dimbula to work for Lawrence St. George Carey, Ceylon's largest private estate owner, on his Agra Patnas, Aribica coffee estate. Later, he left to work on his own account in partnership with a J. D. Massey, a leading engineer, who purchased three coffee estates in Matale District. He also experimented with Liberian coffee, coconut and cardomans but was unsuccessful due to the climate being too dry. In the late 1870s, coffee estates in Ceylon were ravaged by leaf disease, and Hill and Massey were ruined.", "title": "Ceylon" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1878, Hill left Ceylon to try his hand at coffee planting on the Malay Peninsula, arriving in Singapore and working with D.P. Brandt and Co., who had a Liberian coffee estate at Pulau Obin, an island situated off Singapore's north-eastern coast. By the late 1870s coffee planters from Ceylon had begun arriving and were beginning to open coffee estates in Malaya.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Whilst in Singapore, Hill became associated with a leading planter, Ambrose Rathbone, and together they decided to establish themselves in partnership as contractors building roads and railways throughout the peninsula. In this they were successful, constructing new, mainly cart roads in Perak, Selangor and Sungei Ujong, from Seremban to Kuala Lumpur, and on to Kuala Kangsar and Port Dickson. These basic roads later became the major roads of the Western States when they were eventually taken over by the Public Works Departments. After they were adopted, Hill's firm continued to maintain many of them under contract with the Government.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Hill's railway building operations were less successful. Around 1886, he undertook the construction of the Sungei Ujong railway in association with A.A. Swan, Engineer, but it was never completed due to unhealthy local conditions and labour disputes.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Large-scale coffee planting began to established in Malaya around the end of the 1870s, and Hill has been recognised as the most important coffee-planting pioneer in Malaya. However, it was his road building work which subsequently enabled him to launch his coffee-planting business in 1879. His success in that field was acknowledged by Frank Swettenham, Governor of the Straits Settlements, \"Hill was a road maker, and as such helped the beginning of the States enormously\".", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "As a reward for his pioneering work in road building, the Government granted Hill the right to take up free concessions of land in Perak, Selangor and Sungei Ujong, rent free, for the cultivation of coffee. Hill soon established new estates, first in 1879, with Liberian coffee in Sugei Ujong at the Linsum Estate at Rantau, and with Arabica coffee at Bukit Berimbum, which were the first coffee estates to be established in their respective states. 1879 also saw the opening of the first coffee estate in Perak. These were followed by the opening of new Liberian coffee estates by Hill at Weld Hill (1881) and Batu Caves (1884), Selangor.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "However, the boom in the coffee industry ended in the 1890s when there was a severe slump in coffee prices, and Hill, who had lost large sums on his unsuccessful railway construction project, was forced to sell his coffee estates to pay his debts to the banks ending his involvement with coffee which had lasted almost thirty years.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In the late 1890s, in an effort to restore his fortunes, he began to plant rubber. He had first experimented with cultivation around 1883 when he started 2,000 plants which had been raised at the Government gardens at Kuala Kangsar by Hugh Low from seeds which had been obtained by Henry Whickham from Brazil and propagated at Kew, London. As a result, Hill is credited as the first private individual to plant Hevea rubber on the Malay Peninsula. In 1898, he went into a partnership arrangement with the Government growing rubber at Seremban with convict labour.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 1901, whilst his rubber business continued at Seremban, Hill joined the Malay Civil Service in the newly created post of Protector of Labour and Superintendent of Immigrants, at Sungei Ujong, handling Tamil immigration matters, and establishing Tamil agricultural communities in the Federated Malay States. His efforts contributed to the steady increase in the number of Tamil migrants from India who came to work on the rubber estates.", "title": "Malay Peninsula" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In 1907, Hill retired, selling his rubber business and returned to Hampshire, England where he died on 8 November 1915, aged 65. He was survived by his wife, Helen Eveleen Mabel, sister of his business partner Ambrose Rathbone, whom he married in 1888, and by his only child, a daughter.", "title": "Death" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Araz-Naxçıvan PFK 2023–24 season is Araz-Naxçıvan's first season back in the Azerbaijan Premier League since 2014–15.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Squad" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Last updated: 24 December 2023 Source: Competitions", "title": "Competitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Last updated: 24 December 2023. Source: See Results", "title": "Competitions" } ]

[ "Template:Empty section", "Template:Fs start", "Template:Main", "Template:Fb rs footer", "2023–24 Azerbaijan Premier League", "Template:Efs player", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Fb overview2", "Template:Fb rs", "Template:2023-24 in Azerbaijani football", "Template:Efs start", "Template:Sent off", "Template:Updated", "Template:Fs mid", "Template:Football box collapsible", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Yel", "Template:Infobox football club season", "Template:Fs player", "Template:Fs end" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Although the Ethiopian education system historically was in a state of crisis for a long time, a major educational setback has been documented by numerous sources since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and civil conflict in the country.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Like other poor African countries, the education quality of Ethiopia saw a large decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as due to civil war in the country. During the Tigray War, eight thousands schools have been damaged, looted and destroyed since 2021, restricting the right of children to access education. Data from December 2022 indicated that 3.5 million children (50% of which are girls) do not access free education due to war and climate change. Moreover, as many as 2.3 million school-aged children and 1.7 million children are not attending school in Tigray as a result of loss of infrastructure. According to the 2022 UNICEF report, about 3.1 to 3.6 million children are out of school, one of the largest educational crises in the world.", "title": "Educational failure" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Ethiopian education has been improving over the past decade, with nearly 30 million students entering primary and secondary education and over 130,000 students entering higher education. Policy experts, researchers and longtime observers believed that the current crisis can lead to problems beyond individual student performance.", "title": "Educational failure" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Since 2021, the Ethiopian National Exam quality was under the worsened condition, where 97% students failed to pass the grade 12 exams known as \"entrance exam\". In October 2023, the Minister of Education Berhanu Nega disclosed the catastrophic failure of student in national exam. 43% of students reported that they have failed to pass the grade 12 secondary school exams in the 2022/23 school year and 96% of students scored less than 50%. Only 3.3% of students who took exam in 2022 scored 50% and above, which was the minimum requirement of to enroll in higher education. Similarly, only 3.2% (845,099 students) achieved the score in 2023.", "title": "National exam failure" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Further information", "Template:Clarify", "Template:Who", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Internal Revenue Code (I.R.C.) Section 831(b) is a U.S. tax law that provides specific tax benefits to certain small insurance companies, often referred to as \"micro-captives\". Established to encourage the formation of small insurance companies, it offers an alternative risk-management solution that can supplement or even replace traditional insurance coverage.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A micro-captive insurance company, as it pertains to Section 831(b), is a captive insurance company – an insurance company entirely owned and operated by the insured – that has elected to pay taxes only on its investment income. In other words, the micro-captive's underwriting income – the difference between earned premiums and incurred losses – is exempt from federal income tax. As of 2020, to qualify for 831(b) status, the insurance company's written premium income must not exceed $2.3 million in a given year, a threshold that is indexed for inflation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The liability insurance crisis of the 1980s was a watershed moment in the U.S. insurance industry, marked by a sharp rise in the cost of liability insurance and the widespread unavailability of certain types of coverage. The crisis affected numerous sectors, from construction and daycare centers, to municipal governments and non-profit organizations.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Beginning in the mid-1980s, this period was driven by a rapid rise in both liability claim frequency and severity. Insurers, confronted with escalating costs and risk exposures, responded by substantially increasing premiums. In some cases, insurers stopped offering certain types of liability coverage entirely.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The crisis led to substantial reforms, including the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 which introduced Section 831(b). At the state level, many states implemented tort reform measures aimed at limiting liability and damages. These reforms, coupled with the introduction of Section 831(b), provided some relief and led to the growth of the captive insurance industry.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Tax Reform Act of 1986 is regarded as one of the most significant pieces of tax legislation in the history of the United States. President Ronald Reagan signed the Act into law with the goal of simplifying the tax code and expanding the tax base while also ending a variety of tax shelters and preferences. This was a significant step that helped to bring more fairness to the tax code. Notably, under this legislation the top marginal individual income tax rate was reduced from 50% to 28%, the lowest it had been since 1916.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "A key aspect of this Act was the introduction of Section 831(b), which specifically pertained to the taxation of certain small insurance companies, also known as \"micro-captives\". Prior to the Act, insurance companies were taxed on their income in a very similar manner as other corporations. However, Section 831(b) changed this by allowing small insurance companies with annual premiums of $1.2 million or less (a figure that has since been adjusted for inflation) to opt for an alternative tax calculation.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The introduction of Section 831(b) in the Tax Reform Act of 1986 has had far-reaching impacts on the insurance industry, leading to a rise in the formation of micro-captive insurance companies and providing a tax-advantaged strategy for businesses to manage a broad array of risks.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015, commonly known as the PATH Act, was a significant piece of tax legislation in the United States. The act was designed to provide tax relief for families and businesses, and it made several tax provisions permanent.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "One of the changes implemented by the PATH Act was an amendment to Section 831(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. This amendment, which took effect in 2017, was aimed at enhancing and modernizing the micro-captive insurance industry.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The PATH Act increased the annual premium limit for qualifying small insurance companies from $1.2 million to $2.2 million, adjusting for inflation. This increase in the cap allowed small insurance companies to write more business and still qualify for the benefits provided under Section 831(b), therefore providing more flexibility and adaptability for businesses leveraging captive insurance structures.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In addition to the premium limit increase, the PATH Act introduced diversification requirements to Section 831(b) to prevent abuses of micro-captives for estate planning purposes. These new rules, often referred to as the \"ownership test\" and the \"risk distribution test,\" ensure that the ownership of a captive insurance company does not disproportionately benefit any single party and that risk is adequately distributed.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Overall the PATH Act has had a significant impact on the 831(b) tax code, modernizing it to better suit the evolving needs of small businesses and bolster the integrity of micro-captive arrangements. These changes have further incentivized the use of micro-captives as a strategic risk management tool while also introducing safeguards to prevent misuse.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) publishes an annual \"Dirty Dozen\" list to alert taxpayers to common scams and schemes that could lead to tax fraud or other illegal activities. This list, typically released during tax season, identifies a variety of common scams, such as phishing, false tax returns, and tax preparer fraud.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The Dirty Dozen list also frequently includes more complex tax structures that the IRS believes are being abused. One such structure that has repeatedly made the list in recent years is the micro-captive insurance company operating under Section 831(b) of the Internal Revenue Code.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Micro-captives are included on this list because the IRS has identified some cases where they have been used for purposes other than genuine risk management. Some businesses have allegedly used them to attempt to circumvent tax laws and shelter income. In these cases, the IRS alleges that the insurance contracts don't represent a valid risk transfer and that the premiums charged are unreasonably high compared to the risk insured, making the arrangement seem more like a disguised way to distribute profits rather than a legitimate insurance setup.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "It's important to note that the inclusion of micro-captives on the Dirty Dozen list does not mean that all micro-captives are illegitimate. Many businesses use micro-captives in compliance with the law as a valuable tool for risk management. However, the IRS scrutiny highlights the need for proper setup and operation of these entities, including meeting risk distribution and risk transfer criteria, and setting premiums through a formal underwriting process.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Any business considering forming a micro-captive, or any that currently operates one, should work with knowledgeable professionals to ensure compliance with the law. If the IRS determines that a micro-captive is not operating in compliance with the rules of Section 831(b), the tax benefits could be denied, and substantial penalties could be imposed.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "IRS Notice 2016–66, issued in November 2016, designated certain micro-captive transactions as \"Transactions of Interest,\" signaling increased scrutiny of these arrangements by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The notice was in response to the perceived misuse of micro-captive insurance companies to avoid tax obligations.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "In general a Transaction of Interest is a type of reportable transaction that the IRS believes has the potential for tax avoidance or evasion, but for which it lacks enough information to specifically label as a tax avoidance transaction.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "With Notice 2016–66, the IRS was particularly interested in micro-captive insurance companies that made an election under Section 831(b) to be taxed only on investment income and where the liabilities for insured losses and claim administration expenses were less than 70% of the earned premiums, or where the captive made certain ceding payments to other entities.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "The immediate impact of this notice on the micro-captive industry was significant:", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "Increased Reporting Requirements The parties involved in these micro-captive transactions are required to disclose their participation to the IRS. Material advisors, such as those who provide tax advice or assistance in relation to these transactions, are also required to keep lists of clients involved in these transactions.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Potential Penalties Failure to disclose these transactions could result in significant penalties. For businesses, the penalty could be up to 75% of the decrease in tax as a result of the transaction, with a minimum penalty of $5,000 for individuals and $10,000 for entities.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Increased Scrutiny Notice 2016–66 indicated that the IRS would be closely examining these transactions. This increased the likelihood of audits for businesses involved in micro-captive transactions and could result in challenges to the claimed tax benefits.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "Re-evaluation of Micro-captive Strategies As a result of the notice, many businesses re-evaluated their micro-captive strategies to ensure compliance with IRS requirements and the proper operation of their insurance companies.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Despite the increased scrutiny and reporting requirements, micro-captives continue to be used as effective risk management tools for many businesses. However, the notice underscores the importance of operating these entities in a manner consistent with insurance industry standards and in compliance with the tax code.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "In response to IRS Notice 2016–66, CIC Services, LLC, a firm that assists with the formation and management of captive insurance companies, filed a lawsuit against the IRS and the United States Department of the Treasury seeking to prohibit enforcement of the notice. The company argued that the notice imposed significant reporting requirements and potential penalties without providing an opportunity for public comment and review.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Initially the U.S. District Court and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against CIC Services, citing the Anti-Injunction Act, which generally prohibits lawsuits to restrain the assessment or collection of taxes.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "But CIC Services appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of the United States. In May 2021, in the case CIC Services, LLC v. Internal Revenue Service, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of CIC Services in a 9–0 decision, determining that the Anti-Injunction Act did not bar the company's suit.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "The Supreme Court's decision did not immediately nullify Notice 2016–66 but allowed CIC Services to proceed with its case against the IRS on the grounds that the IRS had violated the Administrative Procedure Act by not providing a notice and comment period before issuing Notice 2016–66.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "Following the Supreme Court's ruling, the case was remanded back to the district court. In December 2021 the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee ruled in favor of CIC Services, finding that the IRS had indeed violated the Administrative Procedure Act in issuing Notice 2016–66 without a notice and comment period. The court therefore vacated Notice 2016–66.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "An IRS soft letter is a type of communication used by the Internal Revenue Service to inform taxpayers about changes in tax law, suggest changes to their tax reporting, provide information on their reported tax items, or identify areas where it sees potential non-compliance. Unlike a formal audit letter, a soft letter is not a binding legal demand, but rather an advisory or informational notice.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Soft letters can also serve as an indirect audit tool. They may not assert tax liability, but they signal to the recipient that the IRS is closely watching the issue at hand and might take more serious steps, such as an audit, if the perceived non-compliance continues.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "In the spring of 2020 the IRS sent soft letters to numerous taxpayers who participate in micro-captive insurance transactions, specifically those operating under Section 831(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. These letters (specifically Letter 6336) were sent to taxpayers suspected of participating in captive insurance arrangements that the IRS views as potentially abusive.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "The soft letters urged taxpayers involved in these transactions to reassess their position with the micro-captive insurance structure, especially in light of adverse court decisions against certain micro-captive arrangements, and to consult independent tax advisors. The IRS letter suggested taxpayers consider whether it was appropriate to continue claiming tax benefits associated with the captive insurance arrangement and recommended that taxpayers may want to amend prior year tax returns if their position was inconsistent with recent court decisions.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "The timing of the IRS soft letter (Letter 6336) in the Spring of 2020 coincided with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which created an extremely challenging environment for businesses, including those involved with 831(b) micro-captives. Many of these businesses were dealing with a surge in claims related to the pandemic and disruptions to their operations, all while grappling with the implications of the IRS's scrutiny.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "In early 2021 the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued a settlement offer for taxpayers under audit who participated in micro-captive insurance transactions, specifically those operating under Section 831(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. This came after the IRS's success in several U.S. Tax Court cases challenging these types of transactions.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "This standard settlement offer represented the IRS's latest approach to resolving ongoing audits of micro-captive insurance transactions. The terms of the offer reflected the IRS's view that a significant number of these transactions had not complied with federal tax laws. It aimed to expedite resolution and limit further administrative and legal costs for both the IRS and taxpayers.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "On April 10, 2023 the U.S. Treasury Department announced new proposed rules on micro-captive insurance. Under the draft rules, certain micro-captive transactions have been identified as listed transactions or transactions of interest under the relevant disclosure rules.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "The new micro-captive insurance rules were published as a response to the agency's loss in the case of CIC Services, LLC v. IRS. In this case, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee threw out the previously published IRS Notice 2016–66. The court found that the IRS had failed to comply with the Administrative Procedure Act when publishing the notice.", "title": "IRS Scrutiny" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Fact", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Back to Reggaeton is a concert tour by Puerto Rican reggaeton recording artist Don Omar to celebrate the 25th anniversary of his musical career and support his similarly titled EP. The tour consists of 21 concerts across the United States and Canada. The tour is set to kick off at Reading, Pennsylvania, on March 7, 2024, and conclude at Miami, Florida, on April 21, 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On November 2, 2023, Don Omar released the EP Back to Reggaeton to streaming services along with the single \"Sandunga\", a collaboration with reggaeton duo Wisin & Yandel produced by Lunny Tunes. The track reached the top of the charts on Puerto Rican airplay and Latin music charts in the US. Omar explained he wanted to return to old-school reggaeton roots with this release.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On December 8, 2023, the dates of Omar's tour were revealed.", "title": "Tour dates" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox concert", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Back on Track is an album by the American musician Arthur Adams, released in 1999. It was his first album in 20 years. Adams supported Back on Track with an international tour.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The album was produced by Adams, who also cowrote or wrote the majority of the songs. B. B. King played guitar and sang on \"The Long Haul\" and \"Get You Next to Me\"; at the time, Adams was the bandleader at King's Los Angeles club. \"Rehabilitation Song\" recounts Adams's time in a halfway house.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The CMJ New Music Report wrote that \"Adams's soulful tenor and crisp guitar solos soar passionately.\" The Commercial Appeal determined that, \"when Adams solos on guitar, his sophisticated, jazzy tone looks equally to Little Milton and B. B. King.\" The Telegraph-Journal said that \"Adams has a honey voice, and comes up with lots of up-tempo soul stirrers.\"", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Gazette praised \"his soulful, gospel-tinged vocals and rocking blues band sound highlighted by his always-fluid electric guitar solos.\" The Santa Cruz Sentinel noted the soulful vocals and liquidly blues guitar.\" The Asbury Park Press listed Back on Track among the 10 best blues albums of 2000.", "title": "Critical reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "AllMusic wrote that Adams's \"vocalizing has a sweet, soulful quality ala Robert Cray or at times Bobby Bland... And his electric six string takes definite cues from his idol, B. B. King.\" The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings admired the \"intelligent, adult themes.\"", "title": "Critical reception" } ]

[ "Template:Track listing", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Infobox album", "Template:Music ratings" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Southeast Asia is home to a diverse marine environment. The region is host to extensive coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds, and has even been described as the Amazon rainforest of the ocean. The region is estimated to contain approximately 35% of the world’s mangrove species and over 45% of the world’s seagrass species.. The shipping industry has multiple damaging impacts on marine habitats and wildlife, such as pollution from port actives, oil spills ballast and bilge discharge, waste dumping from ships and direct physical impact from grounding and anchor damage.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Southeast Asia is defined to include countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. It is positioned at the crossroads of the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the South China Sea. The region, characterized by extensive coastlines and numerous islands, is a global biodiversity hotspot with significant marine resources, including a large proportion of the world's reefs and mangroves . However, it faces critical challenges due to pollution resulting from rapid urbanization, industrialization, deforestation, and intensive farming and aquaculture activities. , and the rapidly growing shipping industry. Southeast Asia is a busy transportation corridor, that Is likely to get busier especially as The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is rolled out Impacts of the shipping industry include physical changes to marine habitats from anchoring, mooring and vessel grounding, the use of antifouling, operational and accidental discharges (ballast and bilge water, hydrocarbons, waste, and sewage) and wildlife collisions . Overall, evidence shows the shipping industry has detrimental impacts to ecosystems and biodiversity in the Southeast Asian region . Global advocacy is intensifying for the implementation of stricter regulatory measures within the shipping industry , aimed at safeguarding endangered species and preserving vital wildlife habitats.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Economic progress in the 20th and 21st centuries in Pacific Asia has coincided with a notable increase in container port traffic, leading to the establishment of a significant maritime trade route and its associated links. Southeast Asia, strategically located along major global shipping routes, is a pivotal hub in global maritime trade. The region is home to some of the world's busiest ports and shipping lanes. The main shipping routes in this region include The Strait of Malacca, The Singapore Straight, The South China Sea Routes, The Sunda Strait and the Lombok Strait . These routes are frequented by a multitude of vessels, connecting the bustling ports of Singapore, Port Klang in Malaysia, and the Port of Tanjung Pelepas, also in Malaysia, which are among the busiest in the world . Singapore's ports, in particular, stand out as a global leader in container throughput and transhipment activities. Major shipping companies like CMA CGM Asia Pacific Limited of Singapore and Evergreen Marine from Taiwan have a significant presence in the region. With the growth of seaborne trade, Southeast Asia's share of world trade has significantly increased, and eight of the top ten global container ports are located in this region . Southeast Asia is China’s largest trade partner . Looking to the future the shipping industry is predicted to grow in the region", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The shipping industry can be harmful to marine habitats by causing disturbances from anchoring and mooring activities, which causes seabed scouring and damage to benthic habitats, including seagrass meadows and coral reefs.. Vessel groundings can cause significant damage to coral reefs and soft bottom habitats, altering community structure and hydrodynamics The construction of shipping ports also has a number of negative impacts on marine wildlife . Coastal mangroves are often damaged in the construction of shipping ports . This is significant as these areas provide nurseries for marine fish and other species This has greatly affected waterbirds around the Manila port in the Philippines. A recent Waterbird Census in Manila Bay revealed a decline of more than 20% in waterbird populations since 2017. This census documented around 117,000 waterbirds, encompassing 62 species; These species are heavily dependent on wetlands for their survival. The primary causes for this decline are habitat loss and degradation due to land reclamation and commercial shipping activities. Key habitats such as sandbars and intertidal mudflats are diminishing around Manilla Bay, largely due to the issuance of permits for land reclamation and commercial dredging, which deteriorates waterbird habitat . Marine mammal habitats have been subject to degradation in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand. It has been estimated that the Philippines has lost about 30-50% of its seagrass habitat in recent decades due to a combination of natural and man-made threats, of which shipping is a considerable one. The Vietnamese coastlines have seen a serious decline in the volume and quality of sea grass beds in recent years.", "title": "Habitat disruptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Another significant impact is noise pollution from shipping traffic, which interferes with the communication and navigation of marine mammals like whales and dolphins, potentially leading to disorientation and increased stress levels.. The noise interference can lead to behavioural changes, such as altered migration patterns, reduced mating success, and impaired feeding habits . These disruptions can have large effects on the marine ecosystem, affecting predator-prey dynamics and overall biodiversity. Additionally, noise pollution can cause chronic stress in marine animals, leading to weakened immune systems and increased vulnerability to disease . In regions like the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca, some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, the intensity of these impacts is heightened. Low-frequency sounds from shipping vessels interfere with the communication and navigation abilities of marine mammals, particularly cetaceans like whales and dolphins, who rely on echolocation for finding food, navigating, and social interaction. In areas with high shipping traffic, there is a marked increase in stress-related behaviour among these species, leading to altered feeding patterns and migration routes. Southeast Asian waters are home to a plethora of marine mammals, including dolphins, porpoises, killer whales, sperm whales, blue whales, sea lions and seals, all of which are at risk from the impacts of noise pollution", "title": "Habitat disruptions" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Collisions between shipping vessels and marine mammals in Southeast Asia have become an increasingly concerning issue, with empirical data underscoring the gravity of the situation. Vessel collisions pose hazards to aquatic vertebrates like turtles, dolphins, whales, and manatees . Studies reveal that large whales, including the endangered blue and humpback whales, are particularly at risk. Data from maritime reports and stranding networks indicate a rising trend in ship strikes, with several cases of whales found with propeller scars or blunt force injuries consistent with vessel collisions. In 2023, an autopsy of a stranded whale along the coast of Thailand revealed evidence of blunt force trauma and deep propeller cuts, confirming encounters with large vessels. The dense marine traffic, combined with the presence of important feeding and breeding grounds for these mammals, creates a dangerous environment. It has been reported that there has been an increase in ship strikes over the past decade in Southeast Asia . A report of the Third South East Asian Marine Mammal Symposium (SEAMAM),stated that boat strikes from commercial shipping represent a significant risk to snubfin Dolphins and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in Malaysia . Moreover, it has been highlighted that in areas around Indonesia and the Philippines, collisions are often underreported due to a lack of awareness and reporting infrastructure . A crucial aspect of this issue is the migratory patterns of these marine mammals, which often intersect with shipping routes. The \"Southeast Asian Marine Mammal Stranding Network\" (SEAMMSN) in its annual report, noted that migration routes of blue whales and other large cetaceans coincide with some of the busiest shipping lanes in the world . This overlap significantly increases the likelihood of collisions. Conservationists and marine biologists are pushing for enhanced monitoring systems, such as acoustic monitoring and satellite tracking, to better understand and mitigate collision risks . They also advocate for the establishment of mandatory reporting for vessel collisions with wildlife and the development of alternative shipping routes that avoid key marine mammal habitats . Efforts to mitigate these risks have been proposed, including the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs), rerouting of shipping lanes, and implementing ship speed restrictions in areas of high cetacean activity", "title": "Accidental wildlife collision" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The shipping industry is a source of chemical pollution, including oil spills and toxic antifouling paints, which harm marine life through direct toxicity and the accumulation of pollutants in the food chain. Shipping vessel-related greenhouse gas emissions primarily come from internal combustion engines. The emissions include CO2, SOX, and NOX, contributing significantly to global anthropogenic emissions.. East Asia has experienced the fastest growth in shipping emissions, both CO2 and traditional air pollutants. The region's shipping emissions accounted for 16% of global shipping CO2 in 2013 . GHGs from vessel operations, such as propulsion and refrigeration, can lead to decreased air and water quality, impacts on aquatic species, and climate alteration", "title": "Pollution" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Shipping vessels also contribute to marine pollution through discarded items, leading to ingestion and entanglement hazards for aquatic wildlife. Plastics, in particular, pose a significant threat due to their complex chemical composition and persistence in the environment. Antifouling Agents (AF) are applied to vessel hulls to prevent organism settlement and include various biocides like copper, TBT, and Irgarol 1051 these agents can impact water column and benthic biota due to their toxicity . Current alternative AF agents, such as algaecides and copper-based coatings, have been found to accumulate in the marine environment, causing toxic effects against non-target species. These agents can have devastating effects on ecosystems and marine biodiversity, especially through fisheries in the region.", "title": "Pollution" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Structural failures, leaks, and discharges from shipping vessels introduce hydrocarbons into aquatic environments They contain toxic substances like monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can be lethal to aquatic organisms and lead to long-term carcinogenic impacts. Crude oil and refined petroleum products contain toxic substances that can be lethal to various aquatic organisms and affect their behaviour and reproduction. Oil spills in Southeast Asia have significant impacts on marine wildlife and habitats. A notable example is the sinking of the oil tanker MT Princess Empress in February 2023 in the Philippines' Verde Island Passage, spilling 800,000 litres of industrial oil. This disaster occurred in one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots, affecting a critical waterway and the surrounding environment.", "title": "Pollution" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In terms of regulation, Southeast Asian nations, through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other regional bodies, have been involved in discussions to mitigate the impact of shipping on the marine environment. However, the implementation and enforcement of international maritime laws and conventions, such as the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) guidelines for the reduction of underwater noise for example, are challenging. Compliance varies among countries due to differences in domestic priorities, economic considerations, and capacities for enforcement. The Marine Environment Protection of the South-East Asian Seas (MEPSEAS) project is a key initiative aimed at building capacity in developing countries to ratify and implement various International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions. These conventions include the International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships (AFS Convention), the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention), and several annexes of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). The ASEAN Maritime Transport Working Group (MTWG) and other regional partnerships, like Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) and the Tokyo Memorandum of Understanding (TMOU), collaborate to enhance the implementation of these conventions.", "title": "Mitigation and management strategies" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Increased marine traffic in the Southeast Asian region is likely to raise risks to endangered and sensitive ecosystems.. Looking to the future there is a need for comprehensive strategies to control pollution, including education and policy changes and integrating marine pollution concerns into existing conservation strategies. to help mitigate the negative impacts of the shipping industry on marine life around Southeast Asian. There is a need for the participation of governments and international organisations, such as the UN to help protect marine wildlife and ecosystems from the negative impacts of the shipping industry", "title": "Mitigation and management strategies" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IK Waxholm is a Swedish ice hockey club based in the city of Vaxholm", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Founded in 1993, Waxholm initially played in Hockeytrean, which was then the 4th-level of professional hockey in Sweden. In its 5th season, the team was able to earn a promotion to Hockeytvåan. Two years later, Swedish hockey had a league realignment and Waxholm was moved to Division 1, though they still remained a 3rd-tier club. In 2002, after posting a deplorable 1–13 record, the team was dropped back to Hockeytrean which had become a 5th-tier league in the interim. Waxholm sunk even further when they were relegated to Division 4 (6th-tier) in 2006 and, though they briefly recovered, the club remained there for over a decade. In 2018, Waxholm earned a promotion back to Hockeytrean and nearly earned another promotion in 2023.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Last 5 seasons Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, OTW = Overtime Wins, OTL = Overtime losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against", "title": "Season records" } ]

[ "Template:Infobox Pro hockey team", "Template:Winpct" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "David Price (born c. 1984) is an American college football coach. He is the head football coach for Lake Erie College; a position he will hold in 2024. He also coached for Hiram, Ohio Northern, Wheeling, and Tiffin.", "title": "" } ]

[ "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Start", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Subtotal", "Template:CFB Yearly Record End", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Amfoot-coach-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Circa", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Entry", "Template:Lake Erie Storm football coach navbox", "Template:Infobox college coach", "Template:CFB Yearly Record Subhead", "Template:Great Midwest Athletic Conference football coach navbox" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mawa, Maava, mava is a form of smokeless tobacco that combines tobacco with ingredients like betel nut and lime, forming a concoction. Studies indicate that Mawa is one of the most dangerous forms of chewing tobacco.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mawa comprises areca nut shavings (5-6 g), tobacco (about 0.3 g), and watery slaked lime. Users vigorously rub the mixture for homogeneity, remove any coarse tobacco pieces, and chew it until soft. They then transfer it to the mandibular groove, sucking for ten to twenty minutes. A variant utilized in Gujarat, referred to as meetha mawa, incorporates thin shavings of areca nut, grated coconut, dried fruits, and sweeteners.", "title": "Usage" } ]

[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Reflist" ]

[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "44th London Film Critics' Circle Awards", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "4 February 2024", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Film of the Year: TBA", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "British/Irish Film of the Year: TBA", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The 44th London Film Critics' Circle Awards will honour the best in film of 2023, as chosen by the London Film Critics' Circle. All films are automatically eligible if they are released in UK cinemas or premiere via streaming service between mid-February 2023 and mid-February 2024. The ceremony will be held on 4 February 2024 at The May Fair Hotel in London; Anna Leong Brophy will reprise her role as host. The nominations were announced on 20 December 2023 by actors Jing Lusi and Ényì Okoronkwo. All of Us Strangers received the most nominations with nine, followed by Oppenheimer with seven.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Actor Jeffrey Wright will be presented with the Dilys Powell Award for Excellence in Film, named after the British film critic and travel writer Dilys Powell. Furthermore, Colman Domingo will receive the inaugural Derek Malcolm Award for Innovation; the award is named in memory of the late British critic and film historian Derek Malcolm, who died in August 2023 at age 91.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Winners will be listed first and highlighted with boldface.", "title": "Nominees" } ]

[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:ALFS Awards Chron" ]