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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Little Brazil: An Ethnography of Brazilian Immigrants in New York City is a 1993 academic book by Maxine L. Margolis, published by Princeton University Press.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The initial part of the book describes the immigration process while the second is about acclimation to living in New York City.", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The author uses the sidebar to hold research-generated anecdotes to allow the main body to concentrate on her main ideas.", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Ann E. Biddlecom of Brown University stated it is \"recommended reading\" for the subject, although she wished some aspects about the lives of the subjects were better developed in the text. She stated that some concepts are repeated in multiple parts of the book.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Jeffrey Lesser of Connecticut College overall praises the book, while his critique of the repeating concepts is, according to him, a \"small criticism\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sobble, known in Japan as Messon (メッソン), is a Pokémon species in Nintendo and Game Freak's Pokémon franchise. It was first introduced in the 2019 Pokémon Sword and Shield, and was one of three Pokémon available to the player at the beginning of the game, along with Grookey and Scorbunny. It is a Water-type Pokémon, and evolves into Drizzile before evolving into Inteleon, both of which are also Water type.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo, the Pokémon series began in Japan in 1996 with the release of the Pokémon Red and Blue video games for the Game Boy. In these games, the player assumes the role of a Pokémon Trainer whose goal is to capture and train creatures called Pokémon. Players use the creatures' special abilities to combat other Pokémon, and some can transform into stronger species, or evolve, once they gain enough experience. The ultimate goal of the games is to complete the entries in the Pokémon index (Pokédex), a comprehensive Pokémon encyclopedia, by capturing, evolving, and trading to obtain creatures from all Pokémon species.", "title": "Concept and creation" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Sobble is a small lizard Pokémon that is able to camouflage itself when touching water. When it is nervous, embarrassed, or upset, it may cry, which can both cause it to become transparent and cause those around it to cry. The team designed it using a new style involving a visual designer and a gameplay/feature planner forming teams to come up with ideas, with Sobble being created by one such team. The designers noted that the trio of starter Pokémon in Sword and Shield are more distinct than previous generations, and they intentionally made it more subdued to complement the \"more energetic\" Scorbunny and the \"mood-maker\" Grookey. Sobble is a meek Pokémon, which is unusual for a starter Pokémon according to the designers. They commented that Sobble would be good for players who are \"kind and caring.\" Pokémon species designer James Turner expressed that he liked Sobble so much because \"he's just so cute and [he] just want[s] to take care of him.\" The staff expected Sobble to be popular among Japanese players, but were unsure how it would be received by players outside of Japan. Sword and Shield director Shigeru Ohmori discussed a culture in Japan where people find something cute because they feel sorry for it.", "title": "Concept and creation" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sobble is a Water-type Pokémon, and one of the three starting Pokémon available to the player in the 2019 video games Pokémon Sword and Shield, along with the Grass-type Grookey and Fire-type Scorbunny. It is given to the players early by the Pokémon Champion, Leon. It eventually evolves into its second stage, Drizzile, which itself evolves into Inteleon, both of which retain their Water typing and gaining no new typing. It is not obtainable without trading in Pokémon Scarlet and Violet, but it was later made available through The Indigo Disk, the second part of the games' downloadable content, Pokémon Scarlet and Violet: The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero, which allowed it to be captured. It also appears in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as a Spirit, a collectible that can be used to upgrade a character's abilities or stats.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Sobble appears in Pokémon Journeys: The Series as a Pokémon belonging to the trainer Goh. Over the course of the series, it eventually evolved into Drizzile, and later, Inteleon. Sobble appeared in the Pokémon Adventures manga as a Pokémon named Sniffler, belonging to the trainer Marvin. It has also been the subject of multiple card in the Pokémon Trading Card Game.", "title": "Appearances" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Despite the development team's concerns, Sobble has been one of the more popular Pokémon in Sword and Shield worldwide, and was voted the most popular of the starter trio in Sword and Shield in an official poll by the Pokémon Twitter account. A similar poll was conducted by Inside Games, with Sobble also winning, while a poll by IT Media found Sobble to be the seventh most popular of all the new Sword and Shield Pokémon.", "title": "Promotion and reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The depiction of Sobble as a timid creature has influenced its fanart, where much of it was Sobble crying. Polygon writer Patricia Hernandez found it interesting that Sobble was so well-received, drawing comparisons between it and Popplio, who was criticized for its \"innocent demeanor.\" Fanbyte writer Dylan Bishop felt kinship with Sobble's anxiety and sadness, saying that Sobble was a good fit for anxious players. He also commented on how it reflects on Game Freak's intent to emphasize creature emotion in the games. He hoped that it would eventually evolve into a happier Pokémon and felt it was a joke about a \"woke, depressed millennial, until he considered that Wooloo was similarly conflict averse. While examining the starters, Vice writer Natalie Watson questioned why Sobble had to be crying, saying that Pokémon should be happy while hoping that it evolves into a less unhappy Pokémon, as well as finding it relatable due to being an \"anxious wreck\" herself. Polygon writer Nicole Carpenter felt that Sobble was the clearly best starter Pokémon in Sword and Shield, as well as her favorite in the games at the time.", "title": "Promotion and reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "USA Today writers Cian Maher and Ryan Woodrow criticized Sobble as annoying due to its crying and scared nature, further describing its \"edgelord\" evolutions while expressing their confusion as to why it was popular. An article on The Gamer examining Sword and Shield's starters offered similar thoughts regarding its evolution, questioning what caused Sobble to go from a \"crying boi\" to a \"secret agent\" and arguing that it has an unusual lack of a clear path that other starter forms have.", "title": "Promotion and reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Other writers for The Gamer felt differently however. In a discussion with the website's staff examining the franchise's most often hated Pokémon, Rhiannon Bevan defended Sobble, saying that anyone who does has a \"heart [...] made of coal.\" She identified it as her second-favorite Pokémon in the franchise, and felt that controversies with Sword and Shield as a game overshadowed Sobble, stating that in any other series title it would have been a fan favorite Fellow writer Ben Sledge identified it as his third-favorite Pokémon, and while he acknowledged his own misgivings in how it changed when it evolved, he felt much of the criticisms toward it and its evolutionary line would be dampened by the fervor of fans if they were originally introduced in the original games, Pokémon Red and Blue. Dual Shockers writer Logan Moore felt it was the \"silliest looking starter ever made,\" adding that Sobble's \"perennially nervous and stressed out\" look was relatable. He found that Sobble's personality was the most emphatic of the three, stating that while he usually isn't drawn to Water-type starters, Sobble was an exception. Fellow Dual Shockers writer Cameron Hawkins also enjoyed Sobble, feeling it was a unique design for a Water-type starter.", "title": "Promotion and reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robert Anthony Lawton (born 25 January 1964) is an Australian former rugby union international.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Malaysia, Lawton is the grandson of former Wallabies captain Tom Lawton Snr and was raised in Queensland, attending both Brisbane Grammar School and The Southport School. He played first-grade for Brisbane club Souths.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Lawton, a prop, was capped four times for the Wallabies in 1988. He made his debut in a win over England at Ballymore, partnering his elder brother Tom is the forward line, then featured in a further two home Tests against the All Blacks, before making his final appearance against Scotland at Murrayfield on the end of year tour.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Keereeboon also spelled Kiriboon (Thai: คีรีบูน) were a Thai pop band active in the 1980s. The band was affiliated RS Sound.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The name Keereeboon means \"canary\", a small yellow bird that dubbed as \"king of songsters\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Keereeboon have a total of six members, the key member being Ronnachai Thomyapariwat, more widely known by nickname Ord, the lead vocalist. They were considered one of the 1980s teen idols, contemporary with bands in the same genre like Fruity and Rainbow.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first album was released in 1983. Plook Rak (ปลูกรัก, \"plant a love\"), a low-tempo song with a tango rhythm re-arranged from an old song of the same title by Suntaraporn. It became the first song to make Keereeboon widely known from their second album in 1984.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Their other popular songs include Ro Wan Can Rak Ter (รอวันฉันรักเธอ, \"waiting for the day that I love you\"), Adeed Rak Yam Yen (อดีตรักยามเย็น, \"love at sundown in the past\"), Dek Kampra (เด็กกำพร้า, \"orphan\"), etc.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After releasing the fifth album in 1987, Keereeboon finally announced the end of the band.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 2010, they reunited with a major concert at Impact Arena, Muang Thong Thani, the band's first performance in 26 years.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On Saturday night, October 16, 2021, Thomyapariwat died of brain cancer at the age of 57.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robert Wan, also known as Wan Fui Yin (born 1934) is a French Polynesian pearl trader. Due to his importance to French Polynesia's pearl industry, he is known as the \"emperor of pearls\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wan was born in Papeete. His father was a Hakka from Guangdong who emigrated to Tahiti. In July 1973 he purchased the Tahiti Pearls company with his brothers. Their first harvest was purchased by Mikimoto in 1977. In 1982 he purchased Anuanuraro, then Marutea Sud in 1984, Aukena in 1988, and Nengonengo in 1990. He became the richest man in French Polynesia, until a collapse in the pearl market in 1998.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2002 he sold Anuanuraro to the French Polynesian government. The sale sparked a criminal probe for misuse of public funds, and Wan and a number of leading politicians, including former president Gaston Flosse, were charged with corruption. Wan and Flosse were finally acquitted in July 2017.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Further reading" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Sunrise Solar Park is a photovoltaic power station in San Nicolaas, Aruba.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The groundbreaking ceremony for the power station construction was attended by Prime Minister Mike Eman and other government officials. The power station was commissioned in 2018.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The power station has an installed capacity of 7.5 MW.", "title": "Technical specifications" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Andrew S. Wyant (born November 22, 1968) is an American health and fitness entrepreneur who is President and CEO of the International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) and the 2022 CEO World Awards winner. He was previously President of the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM). He has been credited for the growth in personal training certification over the past decade and was awarded the Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year award. Prior to joining the fitness industry, Wyant was responsible for leading the sales and marketing of LifeLock, including the infamous Social Security campaign.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Wyant was raised in Hamilton, Ohio, and relocated to the Philadelphia Main Line suburb of Gladwyne, Pennsylvania in 1984 where he graduated from Harriton High School in Rosemont, Pennsylvania in 1987. While at Harriton High School, Wyant was as Student Body President and Captain of the golf team, squash team, and the undefeated school debate team. He attended the University of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1991 where he received his BS in economics from the Wharton School of Business. Wyant was a member of the Penn Men's Glee Club from 1987 to 1989 and was president of the Delta Upsilon Colony in 1988.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After graduating from Wharton in 1991, Wyant worked in management consulting for the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) After BCG, Wyant joined the Specialty Foods Corporation in 1993 where he served as Executive Vice President of Metz Baking Company. In 1997, he became President of Natural Golf Corporation, and was still in this leadership position when the company completed an IPO on the American Stock Exchange in 2003", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2007, Wyant joined the start-up LifeLock where he served as the head of marketing and was responsible for the growth and development of the LifeLock CEO's social security marketing campaign. Controversy over the Lifelock campaigns let to significant FTC settlements while the company grew from $18.9 million in sales in 2007 to $193.9 million in 2011 under Wyant's marketing leadership. LifeLock was sold to Norton Symantec for $2.3 billion in 2016.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Wyant was named the President of the National Academy of Sports Medicine in 2011 and led the company to 25% a year revenue growth.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2019, Wyant joined ISSA as its president and CEO and has led it to a 126% growth rate and a place in the Inc 5000 list. In 2021, ISSA was acquired by Tailwind Capital in a transaction advised by Harris Williams. In 2022, under Wyant's leadership, ISSA was ranked within the top twenty Best Places to Work in 2022 by the Phoenix Business Journal.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Wyant is a frequent speaker on storytelling and story building to entrepreneurs such as EO Arizona. Wyant has been featured on numerous podcasts on medical fitness and spoken on aging, including in the Wall Street Journal. Wyant has also written on topics regarding health and fitness training for the Medical Fitness Network.", "title": "Speaking and writing" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Wyant received the Gold Stevie Award as 2009 Marketing Executive of the Year from the American Business Awards for his work on the LifeLock campaign and was a recipient of an Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in 2014. Wyant was named as 2022 CEO of the Year by Globee International.", "title": "Awards" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Matthew Chee Hung Tong (born 29 April 1979) is a British musician from Bournemouth, England. He is best known as the drummer of Bloc Party from 2002 to 2013 and has been the drummer for Algiers since 2015.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tong was born in Bournemouth, England to a British mother and a Malaysian father. He is a public supporter of the Bournemouth F.C. football team.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tong joined Bloc Party in 2002, being chosen from eight other contenders for the role. On 9 November 2006, Tong suffered a collapsed lung after opening for Panic! at the Disco in Atlanta and was admitted to the hospital, causing Bloc Party to miss the next few shows on the tour. Tong said in 2009, \"I wouldn't mind trying something else for a while\" regarding the uncertainty of Bloc Party's future. Tong left Bloc Party during the band's summer 2013 tour, after recording four albums with the band. Bloc Party frontman Kele Okereke alluded to simmering tensions that had been boiling up behind the scenes that were never verbalised, as well as disagreements over cocaine usage. In 2022, Okereke said \"I don’t really want either of them in my life right now\" of Tong and bassist Gordon Moakes, who also left Bloc Party in 2015 after 13 years.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Tong played the drums on No Devotion's 2015 debut album Permanence, stepping in to finish the final four songs after Luke Johnson left the band in the middle of recording. Tong also drummed in a new band L'Amour Bleu under the alias \"She-Tong\". He also formed the band Red Love with producer Alex Newport, whose debut album came out in 2017.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2015, Tong joined the band Algiers, first as a touring member before being brought on as the band's permanent drummer.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2022, Tong played on the song \"Frankenstein\" from Rina Sawayama's second album Hold the Girl. Sawayama asked producer/songwriter Paul Epworth, who had produced the Bloc Party albums Silent Alarm and Intimacy, to recruit Tong for the song. Sawayama said that Tong was an inspiration to her as a fellow Asian in the music industry. Tong's hands were covered in blood following the recording.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Tong described himself as \"notoriously sloppy at timekeeping\". He wrote the drum parts on Silent Alarm as alternating between high and low intensity to give himself a physical break, for he became tired easily after smoking a pack of cigarettes per day. Tong said that he was not an athletic person and always struggled at sports, so drumming became too fast for his own comfort. During live performances, he becomes a \"mood drummer\" who changes the speed of his performance based on crowd reaction.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Tong has lived in New York City since 2010.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Tong married Brooke Vermillion, the touring DJ of Kindness, in 2006.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stanley Mykietovitch (6 July 1935 – 10 September 2016) was a Canadian professional wrestler who spent his career in Western Canada, Winnipeg, Minnesota, Australia and Japan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Morowski started out as a wrestler in his hometown of Winnipeg in 1952 with the Madison Wrestling Club. In 1965, he made his debut in the United States for American Wrestling Association (AWA) in Minnesota. AWA also hosted shows in Winnipeg. He worked for the promotion for many years until 1985.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1969, he made his debut in Japan as Stan the Moose working for International Wrestling Enterprise, later became Dr. Death and later All Japan Pro Wrestling from 1972 to 1981.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1971, he worked for the World Wide Wrestling Federation in New York as Mike Monroe.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "During his career he worked in many countries in Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Antigua, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Africa, Rhodesia, and Germany.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "From 1972 to 1973 he worked in Western States Sports in Amarillo, Texas winning the NWA Western States Tag Team Championship three times with Ricky Romero and Nick Kozak.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In August 1975, Moose Morowski won the NWA Austra-Asian Heavyweight Championship defeating George Gouliovas in Australia. A month later, he dropped the title to Skandor Akbar.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "He made his debut in Vancouver for NWA All-Star Wrestling in 1977 as the Black Avenger. Morowski won the NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship (Vancouver version) on November 15, 1982 when he defeated Mr. Pro. He was well-known in the promotion until he retired from wrestling in 1988.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "When the WWF came to Vancouver or Seattle he jobbed for them from 1985 to 1988.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "He came out of retirement in 1992 in local British Columbia promotions. His last match was on December 3, 1994 teaming with Rocky Della Serra losing to Atomic Punk and the Bodyguard.", "title": "Professional wrestling career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 2004, Morowski had back surgery which caused an infection that went up his spine. He was then paralyzed and needed to use a wheelchair.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "On September 10, 2016, Morowski died, aged 81.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "General", "title": "References" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Specific", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "While the first dinitrogen complex was discovered in 1965, reports of dinitrogen complexes of main group elements have been significantly limited relative to their transition metal complex analogues. Examples span both the s- and p- blocks, with particular breakthroughs in Groups 1, 2, 13, 14, and 15 in the periodic table. These complexes tend to involve somewhat weak interactions between N2 and the main group atoms it binds. The formation of such compounds is of interest to chemists who seek to extend transition metal reactivity into the main group elements and especially those interested in using main group-mediated N2 activation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "One quintessential dinitrogen complex of a main group element is Gernot Frenking’s triphenylphosphinazine, first reported in 2013 in Angewandte Communications. This compound was notable for demonstrating the double Lewis acid behavior of dinitrogen, as the publication describes the N2 moiety in the doubly excited Γg state with four lone pairs on N—N fragment. The authors concluded that this electronic configuration renders dinitrogen a very strong Lewis acid given its electronic sextet as well as its relative electronegativity. Thus, the Lewis acidity of the N2 fragment strengthens Ph3P→N2←PPh3 attraction, making triphenylphosphinazine kinetically stable despite its thermodynamic instability. Indeed, Frenking et al. calculated the energy for the dissociation of N2(PPh3)2 to N2+2 PPh3 at RI-BP86/def2-TZVPP and found, with corrections for thermal and entropic contributions, a Gibbs free energy of −74.5 kcal mol. Meanwhile, Wilson et al.’s MP2/TZVP//B3LYP/TZVP value was slightly larger in magnitude at −87.8 kcal mol, but in either computation method, triphenylphosphinazine is thermodynamically unstable, with a strongly exergonic dissociation reaction. Thus, the kinetic contributions of the electronic structure of this compound are striking. Its isolation demonstrates that compounds whose dissociations would otherwise be strongly exergonic become isolable provided sufficient stabilization of their electronic structures. In other words, very strong donor-acceptor interactions may be sufficiently stabilizing to enable the isolation of compounds with very large heats of formation. The authors of this paper performed an EDA-NOCV analysis (Energy Decomposition Analysis-Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence) to gain further information on the electrostatic interactions in this complex and found that, coupled with NBO analysis, this technique revealed that the P-N bonding in triphenylphosphinazine is more a function of P → N σ donation than it is N → P π back-donation. As such, the authors proposed a representation of this molecule consisting of dative P-N bonding. This is consistent with the partial charge of -1.73 on the N2 fragment calculated by NBO analysis, which also identified two lone pairs at each N atom and a single bond between the N atoms, supporting the Ph3P→N←PPh3 representation.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Complexes of dinitrogen in the p-block tend to be rather weakly coordinated. One such notable example in the realm of dinitrogen complexes of main group elements are those formed with main group radicals. In 2011, it was reported that paramagnetic main group compounds can form complexes with dinitrogen; the Sn(Hyp)3 radical (where Hyp = Si(SiMe3)3) was found to form a complex with weak van der Waals interactions with N2 detectable via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE). The van der Waals complex features transfer of unpaired electron spin density from Sn to N2 and is among the first examples of a dinitrogen complex to a large radical species in solution.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Another useful example of a dinitrogen complex to a p-block main group element is Ga-N2. Himmel et al. used matrix isolation experiments to spectroscopically probe the interactions between Ga and N2 in this species. The authors found that the bond between Ga and N relies on donation from the filled p orbital on the N atom into the empty p orbital on Ga; this was consistent with indications in the UV/Vis and Raman spectra that the complex’s S excited state features a stronger Ga-N2 bond than its P ground state, as the excited state has a stronger σ interaction due to the removal of the unpaired electron from the p orbital. Spectroscopic data also allowed the authors to calculate a bond energy of 79 kJ mol for the Ga-N2 complex. In terms of Group 13 dinitrogen complexes more generally, Himmel et al. found that the interactions between Group 13 metals and N2 are likely to be weak, as various experiments have demonstrated that N2 dissociates from the adduct at high temperatures. Interestingly, variations in pressure at constant temperature do not impact the decomposition rate with respect to N2.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Dinitrogen complexes have also been reported with main group elements in the s-block. In 1971, Andrews et al. reported the synthesis of two lithium dinitrogen complexes via simultaneous deposition of samples of nitrogen gas and lithium atomic beams onto a cesium iodide window at 15K. The N-enriched matrices were recovered via recondensation in liquid helium. The deposited samples were monitored via infrared spectroscopy, allowing the authors to observe two new absorptions in the matrix of lithium and nitrogen atoms. The resulting IR spectra also showed shifts at 1800 and 1535 cm, corresponding to nitrogen-nitrogen vibrations. Two new dinitrogen complexes of lithium were thus reported: LiN2 and LiN2N2, lithium supernitride and lithium disupernitride, respectively.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Further work with lithium involved reaction of metallic lithium with ethylene and N2 under an inert atmosphere yielding the Li(C2H4)(N2) complex, in which N2 is only weakly coordinated, as well as LiN2, whose formation ethylene catalyzes. In 1986, Andrews et al. synthesized and characterized both kinds of products spectroscopically.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "While most main group complexes of dinitrogen involve end-on binding, in 2020, a collaboration between Mingfei Zhou and Gernot Frenking saw the first reported covalently bonded side-on N2 adducts of a main group element, with NNBe(η-N2) and (NN)2Be(η-N2). Pulsed laser evaporated beryllium atoms were allowed to react with N2 in neon at 4 K, allowing these collaborators to identify various beryllium dinitrogen products via infrared absorption spectroscopy. They further investigated isomers of Be(NN)n with n=2 or 3 using computational studies involving DFT at the M06-2X-D3/cc-pVTZ level and calculations at the CCSD(T)-Full/aug-cc-pVQZ, which identified the NNBe(η-N2) and (NN)2Be(η-N2) as the most energetically favorable isomers. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) was used to confirm the characterization of these species as side-on N2 adducts as opposed to cyclic metalladiazirines governed by (NN)nBe→ η-N2 π back-donation, a determination which was further supported by the authors’ QTAIM analysis. The reported Laplacian contour maps of these species displayed bond critical points and regions of local charge concentration pointing from the Be atoms to the η-N2 ligands, hence the classification of these species as π-bonded.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Subsequent computational work by Rovaletti and coworkers highlighted the relevance of side-on bonding of dinitrogen to alkaline earth metals in that Ca(I) can bind dinitrogen in a side-on manner, but Mg(I) cannot bind dinitrogen because the N2 would be inserted end-on in the most stable conformation, which would have a triplet ground state. Molecular orbital analysis confirmed the energetic favorability of N2 binding to Ca(I) over Mg(I), the latter of which has not yet been experimentally reported to have any activity toward N2.", "title": "Examples" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Later alkaline earth metals have received growing attention for their potential to mimic transition metal reactivity with respect to dinitrogen in an effort to study the N2 analogues of eight-coordinate metal carbonyl complexes of calcium, strontium, and barium. A 2020 paper reported DFT calculations indicating that cubic alkaline earth complexes of N2 and CO may share similar activation ligand activation capabilities, though such reactivity remains to be demonstrated experimentally.", "title": "Examples" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Over the years, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has conducted a number of prize competitions to spur innovations. A prize competition allows DARPA to establish an ambitious goal, which makes way for novel approaches from the public that might otherwise appear too risky to undertake by experts in a particular discipline.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 1999, Congress provided prize competition authority to DARPA in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (P.L. 106–65), 10 U.S.C. § 4025, formerly 10 U.S.C. §2374a. DARPA also conducts prize competitions under the America COMPETES Act. 15 U.S.C. § 3719.", "title": "Statutory Authorities" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kist is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "BBJ is an acronym for the Boeing Business Jet, a brand of business airplanes made by The Boeing Company.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "BBJ or bbj can also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "István Nagy (1909–1976) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. He starred alongside the actress Katalin Karády in several films. He was born in Transylvania which was then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but was subsequently ceded to Romania and went to university and began acting in Cluj. When Hungary annexed Transylvania in 1940 he moved to Budapest and appeared onstage at the National Theatre and elsewhere and in films at the city's Hunnia Studios.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The RECIP IV Power Station is a diesel fuel power station in Oranjestad, Aruba.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The power station was commissioned in June 2022.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "\"Ikh Hob Dikh Tsu Fil Lib\" (Yiddish: איך האָב דיך צו פֿיל ליב, \"I love you so much\") is one of the most popular love songs written in Yiddish.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The musical piece \"Ich hob dikh tsu fil lib\" was written by composer Alexander Olshanetsky and lyricist Chaim Towber for the musical comedy Der Katerinshtshik (The Organ-grinder). The play premiered during the 1933-1934 theatrical season at David Kessler's Second Avenue Theater. The troupe was struggling financially, and the producers tried to rely on an entertainment production, in the words of one critic, \"a return to the good old hokum\", that would avoid financial risk in the event of a more serious Yiddish drama.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Organ-Grinder opened with a star cast, which included Julius Nathanson, Annie Tomashevsky (Boris Tomashevsky's sister) and Luba Kadison, who performed this song in the play. Kadison was known for her performance in serious classical Yiddish productions, and this was her first time in a musical performance.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The plot of the play revolves around Tsirele, the daughter of a widow and innkeeper from a small Polish town, and Abrasha, a Gypsy organ-grinder, street beggar and pickpocket, whose mystery nevertheless attracts many women. His parents - also organ grinders from the Gypsy camp - are perceived by the townspeople as \"thieves from lower society.\" Tsirele and Abrasha are sincerely in love and intend to get married, despite the strong objections of Tsirele's family and Rabbi Makarover. Her mother, Rivke, chose another party for her daughter - Pinya. Rivka turns to Masha, a Gypsy fortune teller, to predict Tsirele's future. It so happened that Masha is very fond of Abrasha, with whom, apparently, she once had some kind of romantic relationship. Masha wonders about her own fate and, upon learning that Abrasha is going to marry Tsirele, she pours out her heart in this pitiful song - Ikh hob dikh tsu fil lib. In the song, Masha expresses her grief, while unselfishly wishing Abrasha happiness: \"I love you too much to be angry with you.\" With tears in her eyes, she promises Abrasha her blessing, not the stereotypical Gypsy curse.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Luba Kadison, who has been associated with this song for many years, later stated that she inspired the authors of this song to give it its current form and role in the play. She called the song \"a melody of hearts and flowers\" and objected that the song does not reveal Masha's character and does not contribute to the development of the plot. According to Kadison, it was she who insisted that the song be rewritten so that it would appear naturally during the fortune-telling on the cards. And she claimed that it was she who suggested that the song should contain heartache and an expression of painful acceptance of fate.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "While Tsirele and Abrasha are going to go to the wedding chuppah (canopy) without the consent of her mother, messengers arrive from another town to reveal that the organ-grinders are not Abrasha's real parents, and that Abrasha is not a Gypsy, but a Jew who was kidnapped in infancy and raised as their own son in a Gypsy camp. It turned out that Abrasha has a rich Jewish ancestry, he is the grandson of Rabbi Makarover, whose own late daughter - Abrasha's mother - married a doctor against his will and incurred his condemnation.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Abrasha obeys the request of the rabbi and returns to the family. Ultimately, Rivka gives in, as does Rabbi Makarover, who appeared on time at the wedding without an invitation, this time in order to bless, not curse, the alliance he opposed, and even recognize its divine origin.", "title": "Plot" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The performance's music was greeted with enthusiasm by critics, and the play was crushed due to lack of plot and implausibility. The music was called \"a classic that would fit the best Viennese operetta, and a pearl of the Jewish scene.\" Ikh hob dikh tsu fil lib was praised for its freshness of form and novelty, and Luba Kadison's performance was praised for \"taste and restraint, clearly absent in other productions of the Theater on Second Avenue.\" Over the next few years, the song gained immense popularity among Jewish artists and completely broke away from its original theatrical context.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1940, Bob Zurke and his Delta Rhythm Orchestra recorded the English version, I Love You Much Too Much, and achieved recognition in the non-Jewish world. The song has been recorded by numerous performers in a variety of styles, including Gene Krupa, Ella Fitzgerald, The Barry Sisters, Connie Francis, Dean Martin, Carlos Santana, Tamara Gverdtsiteli.", "title": "In other languages" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The song was performed in the Russian TV series \"The Life and Adventures of Mishka Yaponchik\".", "title": "In other languages" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Seguin River Monsters are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Seguin, Texas. The team is a member of the Texas Collegiate League (TCL). The River Monsters play their home games at Smokey Joe Williams Field named after Smokey Joe Williams in Seguin. The Team was founded in 2022 by Mike Gigliotti.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The River Monsters most recently won the TCL championship in 2023 when they defeated the Brazos Valley Bombers in the championship.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Quiet Home (Hungarian: Csendes otthon) is a 1958 Hungarian comedy film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Ferenc Zenthe, Erzsi Galambos and Irén Psota. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director István Básthy. It was one of the most popular Hungarian films of the era, drawing more than three and a half million spectators.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Desirée Plata is an American environmental engineer known for her work in the fields of sustainability and energy in both research and industrial settings. Currently an associate professor at MIT, she is also the co-founder of methane conversion startup Nth-Cycle, in addition to informally advising other sustainability related companies.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "As a child, while spending time at her grandmother's house in Gray, Maine, Plata noticed that in numerous neighborhood households, people were sick with neurological disorders and cancer. She later discovered that her intuition was correct: A waste disposal facility nearby had contaminated the drinking water in the area, leading to a cancer cluster. The situation affected Plata's grandmother and aunt, who was diagnosed with cancer while Plata was a PhD student at MIT. This event instilled in Plata the dedication to her work of developing ways to use science and engineering to prevent environmental and safety issues.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Desiree attended Gould Academy for high school, graduating in 1999, and then got her Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry at Union College, New York in 2003. After college, Plata enrolled in doctoral studies as a part of the joint MIT-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution program. As a part of this program, Plata studied oil spills, co-authoring a paper that helped spur a law changing the way that oil is transported off the coast of Massachusetts. She also researched how industrial emissions created during the production of carbon nanotubes could give insights into how those materials form. This work led to a much more sustainable way to create these carbon nanotubes, which are used in many sustainability applications.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After getting her PhD, Plata worked as a visiting professor for MIT for two years, and then joined the faculty of Duke University and Yale University. While working at Yale, Plata co-founded a company called Nth Cycle with Megan O'Connor, a PhD student whom she worked with at Duke. The purpose of this company is to use electric currents to extract cobalt and nickel from lithium-ion batteries and other electronic waste. This method of metal extraction is much less energy intensive and safer than traditional methods, cutting energy emissions by more than 92% compared to traditional energy-intensive smelting operations. This is very much aligned with Plata's belief in considering sustainability in the design of every process. Her company was started in 2017 and began commercial operations in September 2022.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Plata eventually returned to MIT to work as an associate professor in civil and environmental engineering in 2018. Plata's research at MIT now focuses primarily on methane, and specifically exploring ways to convert methane into the less harmful greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide and other fuels in places like dairy farms and coal plants. Plata and her team at MIT recently discovered a way to use zeolite, a type of clay commonly used in cat litter, to absorb methane and turn it into carbon dioxide. The idea is that if we could take all of the methane out of the air produced from coal globally, this has the equivalent effect of taking all of the combustion engine vehicles off of the road, even after accounting for the small amount of C02 that would be produced during Plata's process of methane conversion. Plata is also the co-director of the MIT Climate and Sustainability Consortium", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Acontias mukwando, the Serra da Neve lance-skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. It is only known to exist in Serra da Neve in the Angolan Namibe province. The species was first documented by Mariana P. Marques, Diogo Parrinha, Arthur Tiutenko, Manuel Lopes-Lima, Aaron M. Bauer & Luis M. P. Ceríaco in 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Acontias mukwando is a medium-sized member of the genus Acontias measuring a length of 172.2 mm (6.77 in). The species lacks limbs or ear openings and is distinguished for other member of Acontias by its exposed eyes and 3 chin shields. It has pink body pigmentation with dark dorsal pigmentation and a dark brown band that runs the mid-dorsal region. Its midbody scale row numbers between 15 and 18 scales with 172-178 ventral scales.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Acontias mukwando inhabits the Serra da Neve inselberg in Namibe province, southwestern Angola. It is known to forage in the leaf litter of the Miombo forest which dominates the Serra da Neve inselberg area.", "title": "Habitat" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Acontias mukwando is named for the noun “mukwando” in honor of the Catchi villagers of Serra da Neve inselberg, who provided assistance to the team that first documented it.", "title": "Etymology" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Le Trioker is an corner-matching puzzle game played using 25 equilateral triangle-shaped tiles. Each corner is marked with zero, one, two, or three dots and newly placed pieces must match the values on pieces already placed on the game board, similar to the gameplay of the earlier Triominoes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the 1921 book New Mathematical Pastimes, Percy Alexander MacMahon showed there were 24 possible combinations when each of the three edges of an equilateral triangle are assigned one of four colors. In general, the number of unique pieces that can be made in this way is n 3 ⋅ ( n 2 + 2 ) {\\displaystyle {\\frac {n}{3}}\\cdot (n^{2}+2)} and so for n = 4 {\\displaystyle n=4} there are 24 unique combinations possible. MacMahon suggested an edge-matching puzzle game could be played with these pieces on a regular hexagonal board, constraining colors to match on adjacent edges and on the borders of the board itself. The similar square tiles proposed by MacMahon in the same book have since been adopted into several commercial games.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The notation used here for the MacMahon equilateral triangular tiles is a simple enumeration of each edge, in anti-clockwise order, starting from the bottom left edge. Rotating each tile by 120° may change this notation (e.g., after rotating the 314 tile, the revised notation would become 431 and 143 in turn) but the actual tile itself remains physically unchanged regardless of its orientation; in other words, these tiles are identical up to rotation despite the change in notation. For consistency, a notation may be adopted in which the count starts from the lowest-numbered edge, proceeding anti-clockwise; in that case, this tile would always be denoted 143. A separate signifier could be used to indicate orientation, for example, the clock hour position of the ones digit, so 143.08 = [314] and 143.04 = [431].", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Marc Odier developed the Trioker tiles by shifting the markings from the edges to the corners, as patented and published by Robert Laffont Games in 1969. In addition to the 24 combinations, Odier introduced a tile with a wild card value in one corner, marked by a solid square. Spirou published a supplement in 1970 (with issue 1661), providing the game pieces and a description of how to play it, followed by a regular column through the end of the year.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Like Triominoes, which also use equilateral triangle tiles with values marked in each corner, Trioker requires that adjacent tiles must have matching corners. However, Triominoes are marked from zero to five (or more) and have an additional marking restriction that values may not decrease when counted in a clockwise direction from the lowest value(s), so there are pieces in common between the two games, but neither game is a subset of the other.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Le Trioker can be played either as a competitive dominoes-like game against one or more opponents, or as a puzzle game to fill a shape.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "All variants of the game require the corners of any newly-placed tile to match the corners of adjacent tile(s) that are already on the board, consistent with the placement rule of triominoes. For the competitive variants, the winner is the first to place all their tiles on the board.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The original competitive version of the game published in 1970 used an irregular seven-sided board shaped like a truncated triangle with several marked spaces that require an additional action when a tile is played in that space:", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Sid Sackson's holographic notes omit the F5 space. This version uses the full 25-tile set along with red and black \"coin\" pieces, with the red coins worth 5 and the black coins worth 2.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The rapid version of the game is intended for two, three, or four players, with each player receiving the following equipment prior to starting:", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The players draw from the full 25-tile set; red coins are worth 5 points and the black coins are worth 2. Each player hides their triangular tiles. The remaining tiles and coins are held for common use in the bank.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The rapid variant board is an irregular ten-sided shape, taking the form of an irregular hexagon with two indented corners; similar to the original (1970) version, certain spaces are marked with additional actions that are taken when a tile is played in them:", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Play starts with the player holding the triple-three ('333') tile; that player places that tile in the \"GO\" spot, and the next turn proceeds to the player on their left (clockwise). If the '333' tile is not held, the player holding the tile with the largest sum of pips (e.g., '332' = 8; '331' or '322' = 7; etc.) uses that tile to start instead.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The next player must play a tile from their hand that can be placed legally adjacent to the starting tile. If a player does not have a tile that can be placed legally, they must draw one of the remaining tiles from the bank, then either play the drawn tile or pass their turn. When there are no free tiles left in the bank, players must pass instead.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "After one player empties their hand, that player receives ten points from the bank, while the other players must pay the bank two points plus the sum of the pips on each tile. For example, a player with the '000' tile will pay a total of two points to the bank for that tile, while a player with the '230' tile will pay a total of seven points to the bank (2+[2+3+0]). Because of this, it is advantageous to use higher-value tiles early in the game. The overall winner is the player with the most points.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The game also may end in a draw if no player is able to empty their hand. In that case, the game should be replayed with a fresh draw.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The even-odd version is an advanced variant intended for two players that uses a 24-tile subset, omitting the \"joker\" piece. One player takes the 12 \"even\" pieces, while the other player takes the 12 \"odd\" pieces. Throughout the game, each player's pieces are kept face-up so the opposing player knows which pieces are remaining. Comic characters from Spirou [fr] were assigned to each piece in the version of the game reprinted in that magazine.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "The board has 73 triangular cells arranged in an irregular hexagon. Advanced players may choose to reduce this to a 52-cell board by mutual agreement to avoid the shaded cells, which increases the difficulty.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "One of the two players flips a coin, which determines whether they will play the \"even\" (by flipping tails) or \"odd\" (heads) side. The even player places the first piece in the center of the board; they may choose any piece they hold, aside from the two triples ('000' or '222'), as that would unfairly limit the opening move for the odd player. The players take turns placing tiles adjacent to placed tiles, observing the corner-matching rules.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "When a player completes a hexagon by adding a sixth tile using a legal placement, that player takes another turn immediately. This also applies if two hexagons are completed by a single tile, in which case that player is awarded two more turns.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "A player may choose to block their opponent by making it impossible to place one of their remaining pieces legally, which is facilitated by both players keeping the pieces face-up. If there are no legal moves for a player, that player is forced to pass their turn. However, if a player passes and their opponent notices they have a legal move available, the passing player is obligated to place that tile.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "The winner is the first player to place their last tile. If there are no legal moves for both players, the winner is the player with fewer tiles remaining; if both players have the same number of tiles, the game is a draw and should be replayed, switching the even and odd roles.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "In Surprenants triangles (1976), Odier proposes several simple game variants, including single, double, and triple linear paths starting from the triple-three tile.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "The puzzle variant is intended for solo players to fill a shape while observing corner-matching rules for adjacent tiles. There are many possible shapes, and at least one book has been published with additional shapes beyond those contained in the rulebook.", "title": "Gameplay" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "A Chinese character set is a collection of Chinese characters. Since the size of a set is the number of elements in it, an introduction to Chinese character sets will also introduce the Chinese character numbers in them.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "There are different Chinese character sets for different purposes. The following is an introduction to some representative character sets in history, in modern languages and in information technology.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Along with the development of writing systems, the number of Chinese characters kept growing, as shown by the character sets of the dictionaries.", "title": "Historical development" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Historical development" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The total number of Chinese characters is well above 100,000 if the variants are counted, as shown by the tables above.", "title": "Historical development" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Due to the dynamic development of languages, there is no definite number of modern Chinese characters. However a reasonable estimation can be made by a survey of the character sets of relevant standard lists and influential dictionaries in the countries and regions where Chinese characters are used.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The important standards in the People's Republic of China include List of Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese (现代汉语常用字表, of 3,500 characters), and the List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese (现代汉语通用字表 with 7,000 characters, including the 3,500 characters in the previous list). But the current standard is the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters, which was released by the State Council in June 2013 to replace the previous two lists and some other standards. It includes 8,105 characters of the Simplified Chinese writing system, 3,500 as primary, 3,000 as secondary, and 1,605 as tertiary. In addition, there are 2,574 Traditional characters and 1,023 variants.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "From 1990 to 1991, the National Leading Group for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and the Chinese Proficiency Test Center of Beijing Language Institute jointly developed the \"汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲\" (Outline of the Graded Vocabulary and Characters for HSK). The Chinese character outline contains 2,905 characters, divided into four grades: 800 Grade A characters, 804 Grade B characters, 601 Grade C characters, and 700 Grade D characters.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The most popular modern Chinese character dictionary and word dictionary are Xinhua Zidian and Xiandai Hanyu Cidian. They each includes over 13,000 characters of Simplified characters, Traditional characters and some variants.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In Taiwan, there are the Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters (常用國字標準字體表) with 4,808 characters, and the Chart of Standard Forms of Less-Than-Common National Characters (次常用國字標準字體表), with 6,341 common national characters. Both lists were released by the Ministry of Education, with a total of 11,149 characters of the Traditional Chinese writing system.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In Hong Kong, there is the List of Graphemes of Commonly-Used Chinese Characters for elementary and junior secondary education, totally 4,762 characters. This list was released by the Education Bureau, and is very influential in the educational circles.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In Japan, there are the jōyō kanji (frequently-used Chinese characters, designated by the Japanese Ministry of Education, including 2,136 characters) and jinmeiyō kanji (for use in personal names, currently including 983 characters).", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In Korea, there are the Basic Hanja for educational use (漢文敎育用基礎漢字, a subset of 1,800 Hanja defined in 1972 by a South Korea educational standard), and the Table of Hanja for Personal Name Use (人名用追加漢字表), published by the Supreme Court of Korea in March 1991. The list expanded gradually, and to year 2015 there were 8,142 hanja permitted to be used in Korean names.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "With consideration of all the character sets mentioned above, the total number of modern Chinese characters in the world is over 10,000, probably around 15,000. Such an estimation should not be counted as too rough, considering that there are totally over 100,000 Chinese characters, as mentioned above.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "A college graduate who is literate in written Chinese knows between three and four thousand characters. Specialists in classical literature or history, who would often encounter characters no longer in use, are estimated to have a working vocabulary of between 5,000 and 6,000 characters.", "title": "Modern Chinese characters" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "see also Chinese character IT", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The following sections will introduce the Chinese character sets of some encoding standards used in information technology, including GB, Big5 and Unicode.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "GB stands for Guobiao, \"Guojia Biaozhun\" (国家标准, or ‘national standard’) in Putonghua, and is the prefix for reference numbers of official standards issued by the People's Republic of China.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "The first GB Chinese character encoding standard is GB2312, which was released in 1980. It includes 6,763 Chinese characters, with 3,755 frequently-used ones sorted by Pinyin, and the rest by radicals (indexing components). GB2312 was designed for simplified Chinese characters. Traditional characters which have been simplified are not covered. GB2312 is still in use on some computers and the WWW, though newer versions with extended character sets, such as GB13000.1 and GB18030, have been released. The latest version of GB encoding is GB18030. It supports both simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and is consistent with Unicode’s character set.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Big5 encoding was designed by five big IT companies in Taiwan in the early 1980s, and has been the de facto standard for representing traditional Chinese in computers ever since. Big5 is popularly used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. The original Big5 standard included 13,053 Chinese characters, with no simplified characters of the Mainland. Chinese characters in the Big5 character set are arranged in radical order. Extended versions of Big5 include Big-5E and Big5-2003, which include some simplified characters and Hong Kong Cantonese characters.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Unicode is the most influential international standard for multilingual character encoding. It is consistent with (or virtually equivalent to) standard ISO/IEC10646. The full version of Unicode represents a character with a 4-byte digital code, providing a huge encoding space to cover all characters of all languages in the world. The Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) is a 2-byte kernel version of Unicode with 2^16=65,536 code points for important characters of many languages. There are 27,522 characters in the CJKV (China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam) Ideographs Area, including all the simplified and traditional Chinese characters in GB2312 and Big5 traditional.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "In Unicode 15.0, there is a multilingual character set of 149,813 characters, among which 98,682 (about 2/3) are Chinese characters sorted by Kangxi Radicals (康熙部首). Even very rarely-used characters are available.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "All the 5,009 characters of the Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set (HKSCS) are included in Unicode. HKSCS was developed by the Hong Kong government as a collection of locally specific Chinese characters not available on the computer in the early days.", "title": "Information Technology" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Unicode is becoming more and more popular. It is reported that UTF-8 (Unicode) is used by 98.1% of all the websites. It is widely believed that Unicode will ultimately replace all other information interchange codes and internal codes for digital devices.", "title": "Information Technology" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Moneylender is a closed-end, computer moderated, play-by-mail game set in renaissance Italy.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Rick Barr created Moneylender. He drew inspiration from Machiavelli's book The Prince. Barr played various PBM games through Flying Buffalo in the late 1970s, but \"lacked a game which [he] felt had a proper historical feel\". This drove his development of Moneylender in 1980 using an Apple II computer he had purchased the previous year. Moneylender was a medium-complexity game that was closed-ended and computer moderated.", "title": "History and development" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The game was set during the Italian Renaissance in the 1400s. Players roleplayed as a family head in pursuit of success. Games comprised about six players each. Ten players per game was the maximum. Games averaged 8–12 turns.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Finance, economics, trade, and intrigue were elements of gameplay. Available actions for intrigue included assassinations, \"patronizing the arts\", and papal control. The game's purpose was to be the first player to achieve 60,000 victory points. Of the six ways to score a victory point, four involved controlling or wisely spending money (florins), and the other two related to economics and resources, making financial considerations central to game success. Players began with resources and a treasury. Thirty independent game cities and twenty mercenaries were available to players at the outset.", "title": "Gameplay" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Reviewer Reginald Reid gave the game a positive review in a 1981 issue of Nuts & Bolts of PBM. He stated, \"Moneylender is a fast game, relatively inexpensive, [and] the rules have been written with clarity. I personaly [sic] rate the game very highly [within] the new PBM computer moderated games I have sampled in the last year\". In a 1983 issue of PBM Universal, Bob McLain said that the game was \"Habit forming and exceptionally well thought out ... Very highly recommended\". Michael Gray reviewed the game in a 1984 issue of Gaming Universal. He noted possible game improvements including rules revision and turn result formatting, reducing the number of mercenaries, and options for spies. He saw the game as \"a fresh change from the usual science fiction and fantasy themes which are so common in PBM games\".", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Imre Toronyi (1888–1952) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. A character actor, he appeared in a number of supporting roles in Hungarian cinema of the 1930s and 1940s. He featured in the 1942 neorealist film People of the Mountains.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Grenada, Mississippi tornado of May 7, 1846 killed 21 people, injured 60, and destroyed 60 or 70 buildings in the southern half of Grenada, Yalobusha County, Mississippi in the United States.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Buffalo Wallow Group is a geologic group found in Indiana and Kentucky. It is equivalent to the Upper Pope Group as the two share some formations. However many of the formations in the Upper Pope pinch out and are not present in the Buffalo Wallow. The Buffalo Wallow is defined as the formations between the top of the Glen Dean Limestone up to the disconformity where it meets the Mansfield Limestone.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Buffalo Wallow Group is made up of approximately 70% Shale including fissile shales, claystones, and siltstones. The remaining lithology is made up of mostly sandstone and limestone.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Buffalo Wallow Group contains mostly shale. It is bound on its top and base by limestone formations. The top is marked by an erosional disconformity", "title": "Stratigraphy" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "A formation in Illinois containing 4 members that are linked to other formations in the Upper Pope Group. The Negli Creek Limestone of the Kinkaid formation to the west. Mt. Pleasant Sandstone, Bristow Sandstone, and Siberia Limestone. The Siberia is a thin tongue of the Menard formation.", "title": "Stratigraphy" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Branchville Formation is a geologic formation in Indiana.", "title": "Stratigraphy" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "This sandstone unit is 0-150' thick. The Tar Springs consists of interbedded sandstone and shale, creating closed reservoirs within the sand. For this reason it is the largest oil producing formation in Illinois. Estimated to have accounted for more than 60% of the oil production in the state.", "title": "Stratigraphy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jirón Apurímac is a street in the Damero de Pizarro, located in the historic centre of Lima, Peru. The street starts at its intersection with Abancay Avenue, behind the Javier Alzamora Valdez Building, and continues until it reaches Jirón Carabaya.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The road that today constitutes the street was laid by Francisco Pizarro when he founded the city of Lima on January 18, 1535. In 1862, when a new urban nomenclature was adopted, the road was named jirón Apurímac, after the department of Apurímac. Prior to this renaming, each block (cuadra) had a unique name:", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The street, in its intersection with the Jirón Azángaro, is the location of the Iglesia de los Huérfanos.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Angus Crookshank (born October 2, 1999) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024-2025 ASEAN Club Championship (or simply 2024-2025 ACC) is a proposed (third) edition of the ASEAN Club Championship, an international association football competition between domestic champion clubs sides affiliated with the member associations of the ASEAN Football Federation. It will be the first ACC to commence since 2005.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Vietnamese media reported that the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Competition Committee has approved 12 teams, with two from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam; one from Philippines and Singapore, and two more to be determined through playoffs. The playoffs should involve teams from Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The tournament was officially cancelled due to the overlapping competition schedules i.e. 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round and 2023 AFC Asian Cup.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Clubs from the following 11 football associations are eligible to enter the competition:", "title": "Association team allocation" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The teams to participate in the competition has not been confirmed.", "title": "Teams" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A maximum of four foreigners are allowed per club which follows the Asian Football Confederation's (AFC) 3+1 rule; three players of any nationality and a fourth coming from an AFC member nation. A player coming from an AFF member nation will not be considered as a foreign player. This will be confirmed once the draw is confirmed.", "title": "Teams" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Battle of Bell Street is an Australian rules football rivalry, contested by the Coburg Football Club and the Northern Bullants. It is one of the oldest rivalries in the Victorian Football League (VFL), which was known as the Victorian Football Association (VFA) until 1996.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The clubs have met 159 times as of 2023, with the Bullants winning 81 times since the first clash in 1926.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Coburg and the Bullants are closely located, with their respective home grounds of Coburg City Oval and Preston City Oval divided by Bell Street in Preston (hence the name of the rivalry).", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first clash was on 7 June 1926, with Coburg defeating Preston by 43 points. Preston's first win was a 29-point victory on 6 July 1929.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "No match between the clubs occurred in the cancelled 2020 season, nor in the 2022 season.", "title": "History" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Panaretos may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Tony Lothian Prize is an annual literary prize presented by the London-based Biographers' Club to the best book proposal from a first-time biographer. Prize winners received £2,000.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2023, the Biographers' Club announced that the prize would be renamed the following year as the Elizabeth Buccleuch Prize to honor Elizabeth, Duchess of Buccleuch, who had died that year. The award had previously been named after her mother, Antonella Kerr, Marchioness of Lothian.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abdul Karim Ahmad (1937/1938 – 11 February 2021) was an Indonesian ulama who served as the Chairman of the Riau Islands Indonesian Ulema Council.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ahmad was born on 1937/1938 as the eldest child and son of the five children of Tuan Guru Haji Ahmad, an ulama, and his second wife, Khadijah binti Sulaiman. His father was the first person to establish an Islamic-based educational institution in Bengkalis and the founder of Al-Khairiyah boarding school. His brother, A. Hamid Ahmad, was a politician who served as Regional Secretary of Bengkalis Regency from 1995 until 2003. His paternal half-sister, Mariah binti Ahmad, was the first wife of ulama Zakaria bin Muhammad Amin.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ahmad started his career by serving as the Head of the Tanjungpinang City Religious Court, followed by being the Chairman of the Riau Islands Indonesian Ulema Council. During his term as a chairman, he actively traveled on assignments and activities outside the city together with administrators of the Indonesian Ulema Council from various provinces.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2019, Ahmad participated in carrying out elections and inviting the public to maintain the situation so that it remains conducive and safe and avoids actions that damage democracy. He also thanked the government, the Indonesian National Army, the Republic of Indonesia Police, election organizers and the community for helping the 2019 elections run safely and smoothly.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Ahmad was married and had four sons, a daughter, and 15 grandchildren. He died at his residence in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, on 11 February 2021 at 05:00 WIB (UTC+07:00), due to illness and old age at the age of 83.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of seasons completed by the Western Kentucky college football program. The Hilltoppers represent the Western Kentucky University (WKU) in Conference USA. WKU plays its home games at Houchens Industries–L. T. Smith Stadium in Bowling Green, Kentucky.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Wings of Honor Museum is an aviation museum located at the Walnut Ridge Regional Airport in Walnut Ridge, Arkansas.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The museum originally opened as the Walnut Ridge Army Flying School Museum in 1999. It moved to a larger building in 2006. Two 1,600 sq ft (150 m) expansions were opened in 2013 and 2015. In 2018, it located a BT-13 that had been based at Walnut Ridge Army Airfield and began raising money to purchase it. Following an anonymous donation, the museum was able to acquire the aircraft and it was delivered to the museum in October 2022. By that time the museum also managed to acquire a second BT-13.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Exhibits at the museum include the Vietnam War, underaged soldiers, Women in World War II and cleanup after the atomic testing at Enewetak Atoll.", "title": "Exhibits" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The museum holds an annual reunion.", "title": "Events" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The museum conducted oral history interviews with local veterans as part of its Arkansas Valor Series.", "title": "Programs" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Wilsonaria megalocarpa is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, Rosaceae. It is a tree native to southeastern Tibet and south-central China. It is the sole species in genus Wilsonaria.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It is a tree characterized by large fruits, 20—30 mm long by 15—20mm in diameter.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The species was first described as Sorbus megalocarpa in 1915 by Alfred Rehder. In 2018 Keith Rushforth reclassified it into the new genus Wilsonaria as W. megalocarpa.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bernardo Esteves Gonçalves da Costa is a Brazilian journalist who works primarily in the field of environment and science. He is a contributor to Piauí Magazine and coordinates the podcast A Terra É Redonda (lit. 'The Earth Is Flat').", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Esteves completed his Ph.D. investigating controversy and denialism on the Portuguese-language Wikipedia, with a special focus on the topic of climate change denial. He has also published an article on contribution dynamics in entries related to the 2009 swine flu pandemic. In 2018, he was awarded the IMPA Journalism Prize for his piece on the particle accelerator Sirius. In 2020, Esteves was a finalist for the Vladimir Herzog Journalism Award for his podcast A Terra É Redonda. In 2022, he spoke at the invitation of the first Brazilian conference on Wikimedia projects on the topic of disinformation on Wikipedia.", "title": "Career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "José Luis Abellán (19 May 1933 – 17 December 2023) was a Spanish philosopher. He died on 17 December 2023, at the age of 90.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mary Eileen O'Brien is an American academic administrator and member of the Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt. She has worked as the president of the Dominican University New York since 1997.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "O'Brienn was raised in the Bronx. O'Brien earned a bachelor's degree in English from Dominican College. She completed a master's degree in adult and higher education from the Teachers College, Columbia University and a master's degree in mathematics from Manhattan College. She earned a Ph.D. in educational administration and supervision from Fordham University. She was a mathematics teacher at St. Benedict's School and St. Pius V High School. She worked as the principal of Saint Luke's School in South Bronx.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "O'Brien joined the faculty at Dominican College in 1977. She served as the acting president for a year before being named president in 1979, succeeding Natalie Casey. She served in the role until 1987 when she served as the leader of the congregation of sisters at the Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt for six years. She returned to her role as president of Dominican College in 1997. O'Brien retires on January 1, 2024 and will be succeeded by interim president Mary Hughes.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Although Canada's economy is closely linked to the United States' economy, Canadian and American recessions do not always coincide. A recession is generally defined as two successive quarters of negative economic growth.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bernardo Arévalo, the president-elect of Guatemala, has started his transition to the presidency. He became the candidate of Semilla in January 2020. Vice-president-elect Karin Herrera leads Arévalo's transition team.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Arévalo's presidential transition has been atypical in the history of Guatemala, as the Attorney General's Office has repeatedly initiated various and controversial legal proceedings against the Semilla party, its members, Arévalo himself and the electoral process, these actions have generated widespread condemnation both nationally and internationally, since they are considered to threaten the presidential inauguration, and have been described by Arévalo and the Organization of American States as an \"attempted coup d'état\".", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The 2023 general election were a highly controversial electoral process, which was characterized by the exclusion of leading and anti-establishment candidates such as Carlos Pineda (who, according to polls, was poised to win the first round), Thelma Cabrera and Roberto Arzú. As well as the excessive judicialization of the electoral processes throughout the registration and campaign. Although it was not the first election in which leading presidential candidates were disqualified, in 2019 general election, candidates Thelma Aldana from Semilla and Zury Ríos from Valor were unable to participate. According to InSight Crime, the exclusion of candidates is one of many recent examples of the \"presence of political mafias in the current Guatemalan government, which use control of the courts to eliminate their opponents\".", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "After Pineda's exclusion from the race, polls indicated that Edmond Mulet of Cabal was shaping up to go to the runoff with Sandra Torres of the National Unity of Hope. But Mulet began to be the subject of investigations by the Attorney General's Office, led by Rafael Curruchiche, head of the Special Prosecutor's Office against Impunity, one of the closest collaborators of Attorney General María Consuelo Porras. The results of the first round surprisingly showed that Bernardo Arévalo from Semilla had qualified to go to a second electoral round with Torres.", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Shortly after the first round of elections, several establishment political parties alleged alleged \"electoral fraud\" and days later, the Attorney General's Office announced an alleged corruption case involving the Semilla party and requested that its legal personality be suspended. This case was also led by Curruchiche. The headquarters of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal was raided several times, raids were also reported at the headquarters of the Semilla party. The Constitutional Court issued a legal resolution protecting the runoff. Arévalo won the elections with 61% of the votes. National Unity of Hope and Torres did not accept the electoral result and alleged electoral fraud. Later, the Attorney General's Office carried out several raids at the headquarters of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, opening the boxes with the electoral ballots and seizing them. In one of the raids, the prosecutors were covered and mistreated the electoral magistrates. Protests in favor of Arévalo also intensified following the Supreme Court of Justice upholding the party's suspension, his supporters called for a \"national strike\" and blocked dozens of roads throughout the country. The 48 cantones of Totonicapán and the indigenous authorities of several communities have taken a leading role in the demonstrations, and have held a sit-in in front of the headquarters of the Attorney General's Office and have said that they will withdraw until President-elect Arévalo takes office. They have also organized several walks and have supported the president-elect's public calls.", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The legal personality of the Semilla party was suspended in November 2023. In mid-November, the Attorney General's office requested that the immunity of the President-elect Arévalo and the Vice President-elect Herrera be withdrawn for allegedly participating in the takeover of the facilities of the state university, the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, which occurred between April 2022 to June 2023. University professors and students, as well as members of the Semilla party, were also captured. At the same time, an investigation was initiated against officials of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (including electoral magistrates) for alleged anomalies in the purchase of the computer system for the transmission of preliminary results and requested the withdrawal of immunity. The Supreme Court of Justice approved the process and passed it to Congress. However, the president of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal Blanca Alfaro and the substitute magistrates presented a legal appeal before the Constitutional Court to avoid the loss of their immunity. The Court accepted the appeal and stopped the procedure, while it rejected another similar legal resource presented by the another four titular magistrates. A legal process was also initiated against Vice President Guillermo Castillo, who has been estranged from President Alejandro Giammattei since 2020. The chairs of the legislative investigative commissions of the electoral magistrates and Vice President Castillo publicly denounced threats to expedite the procedure so that the plenary session can vote to withdraw the immunity of those investigated. Late at night on 27 November, Congress lifted the immunity of the four titular magistrates by a qualified majority of the pro-government coalition. Hours later, the four magistrates left the country after having requested a \"leave\".", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On 8 December, the Attorney General's Office presented another advance in the case of the Semilla party and once again requested the removal of immunity from Arévalo and member of Congress Samuel Pérez Álvarez. Furthermore, the Attorney General's Office openly said that the Supreme Electoral Tribunal had made administrative errors during the organization of the electoral results and therefore, the electoral process was \"null\", and that it should be \"annulled\", thus confirming the intention to subvert the election results, although they denied it.", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The United States has been using the \"Engel List\" to sanction actors they consider key to undermining democracy. On the other hand, they sanctioned Miguel Martínez, a close ally of President Giammattei, with the Magnitsky Act. In addition, several US officials and politicians have made ongoing visits to monitor the transition process. On 8 December, at the time that the Attorney General's Office requested that the electoral process be \"annulled\", a bicameral Democratic group made up of Tim Kaine, Dick Durbin, Jeff Merkley, Laphonza Butler, Peter Welch, Norma Torres and Delia Ramirez was arriving in the country. Republican Senators Bill Cassidy and Marco Rubio also condemned the events in Guatemala. Department of State Spokesperson Matthew Miller announced that they imposed sanctions on more than 300 individuals, including more than 100 members of Congress and businessmen and their families.", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The Organization of American States has been monitoring the situation continuously. Secretary General Luis Almagro made continuous visits to the country to supervise the transition process, he also established a mission made up of the former Minister of Defense of Uruguay Luis Rosadilla, the OAS ambassador in Guatemala Diego Paz, the diplomat Liliana Ayalde and the former Vice President of Panama Isabel Saint Malo. The ambassadors to the OAS, Josué Fiallo and Washington Abdala, from the Dominican Republic and Uruguay respectively, gained national notoriety for their passionate interventions in favor of democracy. While Almagro has been particularly critical of the attorney general's actions and has described them as a \"coup d'état\". Colombian Defense Minister and former head of the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala Iván Velásquez Gómez said that the \"eyes of the world must be on Guatemala\".", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The United Kingdom and the European Union condemned the actions of the Attorney General's office. The European Union announced that personal sanctions will be imposed on those responsible for \"undermining\" democracy. The United Nations and Mercosur also joined the condemnations.", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "A group of conservative presidents of Ibero-America (including José María Aznar, Vicente Fox and Álvaro Uribe) expressed their concern about the events and described it as a \"judicial persecution\" against Arévalo. The leftist Puebla Group (including Ernesto Samper and José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero) also made a statement in favor of Arévalo and called the actions in Guatemala an \"anti-democratic conspiracy\". A group of Ibero-American writers led by Mario Vargas Llosa, Rubén Blades and Gioconda Belli issued a statement demanding that the electoral result be respected. The Socialist International issued a statement in which they asked to respect the electoral results and supported the president-elect.", "title": "Background issues" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The transition began to be planned in January 2023 at the instruction of President Alejandro Giammattei.", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The process consists of four phases:", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "On the night of the runoff, President Alejandro Giammattei congratulated Arévalo on his victory and invited him to the Presidential House to begin the presidential transition process. It was announced that the Organization of American States would be part of the transition process.", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The first meeting between the outgoing president Giammattei and the president-elect Arévalo took place on 4 September at the Presidential House; the Secretary General of the OAS Luis Almagro was also present. At the meeting, Arévalo announced that he suggested modifications to the proposed timeline of the transition process. Giammattei also announced that at Almagro's suggestion, offices would be set up in all government institutions so that the president-elect's team could participate in the activities. President Giammattei chairs the transition committee, while President-elect Arévalo appointed Vice President-elect Karin Herrera as the chairwoman of the presidential transition committee. Outgoing Vice President Guillermo Castillo opted for a separate transition process and invited Vice President-elect Herrera to a series of scheduled meetings with the various cabinets in his charge.", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "On 11 September, a second meeting was held between Arévalo and Giammattei, with Almagro again present. This time, the meeting was held at the National Palace. Giammattei delivered the information from each government institution to the president-elect's team.", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "On 6 December, the final report of the presidential transition process was delivered. This time, Vice President-elect Herrera represented the incoming government, and President Giammattei presented her with the final documents. Secretary General Almagro was present. At the event, Giammattei reiterated that he would hand over power to the elected ticket, while Herrera asked Giammattei to \"take into account\" the requests of the elected government. On the other hand, Almagro criticized the Attorney General's office and asked that the \"cannibalization of politics\".", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Arévalo's wife, Lucrecia Peinado, began meetings with various groups to learn about their demands. She also met with former first ladies Raquel Blandón, María Eugenia Morales and Evelyn Morataya.", "title": "Transition procedures" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "On September 4, 2023, the first meeting between outgoing President Alejandro Giammattei and President-elect Bernardo Arévalo was held to define the presidential transition route, the secretary general of the Organization of American States Luis Almagro was also present, who will accompany the transfer of command until the inauguration of Arévalo in January 2024. Both Giammattei, Arévalo and Almagro announced to their team that they will be part of the transition process.", "title": "Transition team" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The outgoing government transition group is led by the President of the Republic Alejandro Giammattei. The Minister of Labor and Social Security Rafael Rodríguez Pellecer is the second in charge of the team.", "title": "Transition team" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "The transition group of the elected government is led by the vice president-elect of the Republic Karin Herrera.", "title": "Transition team" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "The group of the Organization of American States (OAS) that accompanies the transition process of command is led by Luis Almagro, secretary general of that organization.", "title": "Transition team" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Raw: Day 1 is an upcoming professional wrestling television special produced by WWE. It will be held exclusively for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw brand division. The event will air as a special episode of WWE's weekly television series Monday Night Raw, broadcast on the USA Network. It will take place on January 1, 2024, at the Pechanga Arena in San Diego, California. The event name was previously used for a pay-per-view and livestreaming event that took place on January 1, 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On January 1, 2022, the American professional wrestling promotion WWE held a New Year's Day pay-per-view and livestreaming event titled Day 1. A second event was planned for January 1, 2023, but was canceled due to a scheduling conflict with streaming partner Peacock. During the December 11, 2023, episode of Monday Night Raw, it was announced that the Day 1 name had been revived for a special episode of Raw titled Raw Day 1, airing on January 1, 2024, on the USA Network. The television special will broadcast live from the Pechanga Arena in San Diego, California.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The card will include matches that result from scripted storylines. Results are predetermined by WWE's writers on the Raw brand, while storylines are produced on WWE's weekly television program, Monday Night Raw.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "At Crown Jewel, Seth \"Freakin\" Rollins defeated Drew McIntyre to retain the World Heavyweight Championship. On the following episode of Raw, McIntyre shook hands with Rollins and stated he would earn a rematch in the future. On the December 11 episode of Raw, Raw General Manager Adam Pearce announced that Rollins will face the now villainous McIntyre in a rematch at Raw Day 1.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On the December 4 episode of Raw, Ivy Nile promised to neutralize Women's World Champion Rhea Ripley if she tried to interfere on behalf of her Judgment Day stablemates, Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions Finn Bálor and Damian Priest against Nile's Diamond Mine stablemates, the Creed Brothers in their title match. The following week, after Ripley defeated Maxxine Dupri in a non-title match, Ripley and Nile stared each other down. The following week, Ripley vowed to make an example out of Nile, agreeing to put the Women's World Championship on the line agaisnt Nile at Raw Day 1, which was later made official.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On the November 27 episode of Raw, Becky Lynch stated she had 'a couple of fights on the horizon.' The following week, Nia Jax asked if one of the fights included her, to which Lynch confirmed, referencing when Jax legitimately broke Lynch's nose in 2018. Over the next two weeks, Lynch appeared ready to face Jax, but Jax stated she will fight Lynch on her own terms, ultimately agreeing to face Lynch at Raw Day 1.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "On the December 18 episode of Raw, Natalya and Tegan Nox and Shayna Baszler and Zoey Stark agreed to a match to determine the number one contenders for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, which was scheduled for Raw Day 1.", "title": "Production" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Don Domingo Álvarez Enciso (1737 – 23 October 1800), also called Domingo Alvarez and Domingo Alvarezenciso, was a Spanish painter and copyist, active in Madrid and Rome in the second half of the 18th century.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The origins of Domingo Álvarez Enciso are unclear. He was apparently born in 1737 in the town of Mansilla, Burgos, or in Mansilla de la Sierra. However, records related to his stay in Rome in 1758 reveal that he considered himself a native of the Riojan town of Ventosa.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "From 1752 he studied painting at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid, and in 1758 he won a scholarship competition that allowed him to visit Rome, with the support of Preciado de la Vega. He sent back to Madrid copies of the Rape of the Sabine Women, by Pietro da Cortona (formerly attributed to Guido Reni) and a Tarquinio y Lucrecia ('Tarquinius and Lucretia').", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1766 he was made a supernumerary member of the Academia de San Fernando in recognition of the picture Diana y Endimion ('Diana and Endymion').", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After a short stay in Madrid, he travelled again to Rome. Commissioned by Charles III, he painted copies of works by Raphael and others from the Vatican collections.", "title": "Life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1788 he was appointed director of painting at the Escuela de Nobles Artes in Cádiz. In 1795 he was made an honorary member the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. He died in Jérez de la Frontera on 23 October 1800.", "title": "Life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Zuhair Al-Shun (Arabic: زهير الشن; born 31 July 1958) is a Palestinian diplomat who currently serves as the Palestinian Ambassador to Indonesia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Al-Shun was born on 31 July 1958. He studied elementary and high school in Palestine. While in high school, he actively participated in demonstrations against Israel. Therefore, he was imprisoned twice. Then, he completed his postgraduate education at Rajasthan University in 1990 with an MBA degree and earned a doctorate in business administration at the same university.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Al-Shun began his career in foreign service in 1991 when the Palestinian government assigned him to be a consular in Tunisia until 1995. Subsequently, he became the Palestinian ambassador to various countries such as Ethiopia, the African Union, Uganda, Kenya, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Morocco. On 17 January 2018, he became Palestine's ambassador to Indonesia.", "title": "Carrier" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Al-Shun married a Palestinian woman and has three children: two sons and one daughter.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "St Mary of the Rosary Church is a Catholic Church in the Diocese of Killaloe. It was dedicated in 1896.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was Bishop of Killaloe Michael Flannery who first proposed St Mary's as Cathedral Church of Killaloe Diocese. It is thus to be reckoned as one of the finest churches to be found in its country. St Mary of the Rosary Church shuts its doors, during the summer, at 20:00, that is, 8pm, in the evening, on weekdays that is, but, depending on the day of week, it shuts its doors, earlier, at 19:00, that is, 7pm, if, that is, the day is a Sunday, and the evening has occurred. The parish priest currently, here, is Father Patrick Gilbert, and he is known as Pat, or, more politely, Father Pat. Nick Cave has attended.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This is where the funeral of Shane MacGowan was held, after his death. Johnny Depp said a prayer from the pulpit.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Thai word for \"gay\" or \"queer\" is เกย์ (RTGS: ke). The term katoey or kathoey (Thai: กะเทย; RTGS: kathoei) refers to transgender women or effeminate gay men. Thai society perceives kathoeys as belonging to a third gender alongside male and female. The term dee (ดี้) alludes to homosexual or bisexual women. Thai has also adopted the word \"lesbian\" from English: (Thai: เล็สเบียน or เลสเบี้ยน; RTGS: letbian).", "title": "LGBT lexicon" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Thai language recognises several other gender and sexual identities, including tom (ทอม), from the English \"tomboy\", which refers to women who dress, act, and speak in a masculine fashion. Toms are not necessarily lesbian or bisexual, but may be perceived as such by others. Other identities include angees, kathoeys who are attracted to toms, and adams, men who are attracted to toms.", "title": "LGBT lexicon" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Thailand has long had a reputation of tolerance when it comes to LGBT people; there are many LGBT nightclubs and bars in the country and the first Thai LGBT magazine, Mithuna, began publication in 1983.", "title": "LGBT life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "However, in 1989, LGBT activist Natee Teerarojjanapongs described the situation as more complicated; although LGBT citizens do not face direct repression from the state, instead \"it is a question of subtle negation through invisibility and a lack of social awareness about homosexual people\", and although people acknowledge the existence of homosexuality, \"they are still not used to the idea of openly gay people. Even fewer have any understanding of the notion of lesbian and gay rights\".", "title": "LGBT life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "This began to change in the 1990s with more public events, such as LGBT pride festivals that were held every year from 1999 to 2007 in Bangkok, until internal disputes within the LGBT community and arguments with the festival's financial backers prevented future events from being held. Bangkok Pride was expected to take place again in November 2017, the first time in 11 years, but was postponed due to the national one year mourning period for King Bhumibol Adulyadej.", "title": "LGBT life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In the city of Phuket, pride events have been held annually since 1999. The second parade in the northern city of Chiang Mai in 2009 stirred such hostility that it had to be canceled. As participants were preparing to march, a local political group surrounded the compound where they had gathered, shouting insults through megaphones and throwing fruit and rocks at the building. However, ten years later, more than 500 people including some politicians marched in the Chiang Mai Pride parade on 21 February 2019.", "title": "LGBT life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Songkran is the Thai New Year's national holiday. Songkran falls on 13 April every year, but the holiday period extends from 14 to 15 April. It has taken on particular meaning in recent years for LGBT residents and visitors, as it is held simultaneously to the Songkran Bangkok Gay Circuit Party, considered the largest such gay celebration in Asia. The event celebrated its 14th anniversary in 2019.", "title": "LGBT life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The entertainment industry accepts us with open arms because we poke fun at ourselves and make people laugh. But if we want to be taken seriously in a field like medicine we are not afforded the same courtesy.", "title": "Media" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Since the 1980s, many LGBT-themed publications have been available in Thailand. LGBT characters in Thai films have also been common since the 1970s, often as comic relief, although it was not until the new wave of Thai cinema in the late 1990s that Thai films began to examine LGBT characters and issues in more depth. Since 2014, and especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant rise in the popularity and number of Thai LGBT television shows, also known as Boys' Love (BL) or Y series, which depict positive and diverse stories of male-male, and sometimes female-female, romance. While some of the shows touch on issues of inequality like same-sex marriage, discrimination, and violence, the genre has also faced criticism for presenting \"a soft-focus version\" of the realities of life for Thai queer people.", "title": "Media" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Censorship does not affect LGBT-related media directly, but pornography and sex toys are illegal in Thailand.", "title": "Media" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Ball Is On (Hungarian: Áll a bál) is a 1939 Hungarian romantic comedy film directed by Viktor Bánky and starring Zita Szeleczky, Erzsi Simor and Hilda Gobbi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest and on location in Warsaw shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This article shows the rosters of all participating teams at the men's field hockey tournament at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile. Rosters can have a maximum of 16 athletes.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Age and caps as of 26 September 2023 and clubs for which they played in the 2023 season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The following 16 players were named to the Canada squad:", "title": "Pool B" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Head coach: Patrick Tshutshani", "title": "Pool B" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The following 16 players were named to the United States squad:", "title": "Pool B" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Head coach: Harendra Singh", "title": "Pool B" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Fauura Bouteau (born 24 April 1942) is a French Polynesian jeweller and president of the Association of Polynesian Art Crafts and the Association of Polynesian Art Jewellery. She is the mother of politician Nicole Bouteau.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bouteau was born in Tautira. After working in a local hotel, she moved to France after she was married. She returned to French Polynesia in 1973, and worked as a farmer, before starting a business making traditional Polynesian jewellery in the 1980's.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In March 2019 she was made a knight of the Order of Tahiti Nui.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mallarino is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 SAFF U-20 Women's Championship is the 5th edition of the SAFF U-18/19/20 Women's Championship, an international football competition for women's under–20 national teams organized by SAFF. The tournament schedule to play from February–March 2024 in Bangladesh.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Bangladesh is the defending champion having defeated Nepal previous season by 3–0 goals in the final of the tournament on 9 February 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "All matches will play at the BSSS Mostafa Kamal Stadium in Dhaka, Bangladesh.", "title": "Venue" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The following seven nations will participate in the tournament.", "title": "Participating nations" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Players born on or after 1 January 2004 are eligible to compete in the tournament. Each team has to register a squad of minimum 16 players and maximum 23 players, minimum two of whom must be goalkeepers.", "title": "Players eligibility" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IEU or Ieu may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IGV may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sundhnúkur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsʏntˌn̥uːkʏr̥]) is a crater row and volcanic fissure in Iceland, part of the Reykjanes Peninsula rift zone.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "On the evening of 18 December 2023, a volcanic eruption occurred at Sundhnúkur north of Grindavík, with images showing lava spewing from fissures in the ground. The intensity of the eruption and accompanying seismic activity which preceeded it decreased early on 19 December, with lava seen spreading laterally from both sides of the newly opened fissures.", "title": "18 December 2023 eruption" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Iceland's Meteorological Office said the eruption occurred at around 22:17 GMT following a series of small earthquakes at around 21:00. It pinpointed the origin of the eruption near Hagafell, about 4 km (2.5 mi) north-east of Grindavik, and noted that the eruption stemmed from a fissure with a length of about 3.5 km (2.2 mi), with lava flowing at a rate of around 100 to 200 cubic metres per second, adding that seismic activity appeared to be moving towards the direction of Grindavik. An Icelandic Civil Defence official told the public broadcaster RÚV that the eruption had happened quickly and appeared to be \"quite a large event\". The eruption was described as the largest in the area since the beginning of activity in 2021, and was visible as far away as the capital Reykjavik, 42 km (26 mi) away.", "title": "18 December 2023 eruption" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "By 19 December, the scent of smoke and ash was detected as far as 30 km (19 mi) from the eruption site, raising fears that volcanic gases could reach Reykjavik by the next day.", "title": "18 December 2023 eruption" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a list of openly transgender politicians in Australia. As of 2023, no transgender people have been elected to federal, state or territory office. However, several have been elected to local government, and three are currently in office.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2002 Northwestern State Demons football team represented Northwestern State University as a member of the Southland Conference during the 2002 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by first-year head coach Scott Stoker, the Demons compiled an overall record of 9–4 with a mark of 4–2 in conference play, placing in second in Southland. Northwestern advanced to the Division I-AA playoffs before losing to Montana. Northwestern State played home games at Harry Turpin Stadium in Natchitoches, Louisiana.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Schedule" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "ILK or Ilk may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "József Babay (1898–1956) was a Hungarian journalist, novelist, playwright and screenwriter. He was active in the Hungarian film industry particularly during the late 1930s and the Second World War. He supplies the librettos for operettas by Dénes von Buday.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "HLK may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Inner City (French: La Cité entre les murs) is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Alain Fournier and released in 2011. Blending marionnette puppetry with three-dimensional animation, the film tells the story of a young boy living in a surreal city hung between two walls; with only pigeons to keep him company, he builds strange and fantastical inventions to attract the attention of his nearest neighbour.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film was screened in the Short Film Corner program at the 2011 Cannes Film Market, and had its official public premiere at the 2011 Fantasia Film Festival.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "It received a Genie Award nomination for Best Animated Short Film at the 32nd Genie Awards in 2012.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Arpraziquantel (R-Praziquantel) is the eutomer (the biologically active enantiomer) of praziquantel, a medication which is under investigation for the treatment of schistosomiasis in young children with less side effects than the racemate.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In December 2023, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion in accordance with Article 58 of Regulation (EC) No 726/20041 for the medicinal product arpraziquantel, intended for the treatment of schistosomiasis in young children. The applicant for this medicinal product is Merck Europe B.V. It is intended exclusively for markets outside the European Union.", "title": "Society and culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Arpraziquantel is the International nonproprietary name.", "title": "Society and culture" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Further reading" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rabbi Abraham Mordechai Gottlieb is an Israeli rabbi, self-help guide, and Rebbe and leader of the Ashlag communities in Telse Stone and Tel Aviv.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "He has compiled dozens of books on Kabbalah and self help. He teaches in the methods of Rabbi Yehuda Ashlag and Rabbi Baruch Shalom Ashlag.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Gottlieb was born and raised in Bnei Brak. After fleeing his abusive household at the age of 9, Gottlieb became semi-homeless for a period.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "From the age of 14, he began to learn with Rabbi Baruch Shalom Ashlag, the eldest son of Rabbi Yehuda Ashlag, as one of his youngest students.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "After 14 years of learning with Rabbi Ashlag, he went on to study in Yeshivat Beit Meir from Rabbi Zalman Rothberg.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Already from a young age, with approval from Rav Ashlag, Rabbi Gottlieb began to teach married students in the ways of Kabbalah.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1993, Rabbi Gottlieb left Bnei Brak to settle in Telse Stone. A short time after that, he established the community 'Birkat Shalom' where he continues to lecture on Ashlagian Kabbalah.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Gottlieb, like Rabbi Baruch Shalom Ashlag, teaches Kabbalah according to the method of Rabbi Yehuda Ashlag. Ashlag's Kabbalistic method involves thorough textual analysis, similar to methods of Talmud study. The commentaries of Rabbi Yehuda and Baruch Ashlag are utilised in a similar manner to the Rashi and Tosafot commentaries on the Talmud.", "title": "Teachings" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Rabbi Gottlieb's method of studying Kabbalah is to study the spiritual worlds from the perspective of the human world. This is in contrast to the Sephardic method, mainly perpetuated by the students of Rabbi Shalom Sharabi, who study Kabbalah in the abstract. This method is primarily focused on transforming an individual from the \"desire to receive\" to the \"desire to give.\"", "title": "Teachings" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "His views on various social issues are characterized by a marked social progressivism within a Haredi cultural context.", "title": "Teachings" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Most distinct in this is Gottlieb's feminist approach, where he believes women should be an integral part of public action, rigorous Torah study and self-employment.", "title": "Teachings" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In regards to the LGBT+ community, and other minorities living in Israel, Gottlieb advocates for a broader tolerance of these communities by the Israeli public.", "title": "Teachings" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Gottlieb is a strong critic of the meat industry, and has advocated a reduction in the use of disposable plastics.", "title": "Teachings" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "As part of his efforts to promote social cohesion in Israeli society, Gottlieb lectures in institutions belonging to all sectors. He has done so at the Van Leer Institute and Bar-Ilan University, as well as various Dati and Haredi yeshivot.", "title": "Social Advocacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Gottlieb has met with and taught multiple public figures in Israel, including Dr. Avichai Mandelblit, Tehila Friedman, Irit Mani-Gor, the philosopher Dr. Avraham Elkayim, Dr. Boaz Huss, and others. He has stayed in the house of Avri Gilad.", "title": "Social Advocacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In August of 2021, Gottlieb attended a lesbian wedding, and blessed the couple. The outcry from members of the Orthodox public lead Gottlieb to take a temporary hiatus from his rabbinic duties. Gottlieb clarified that whilst he did not agree with same sex marriage on a halachic basis, he is happy to bless anyone who requests blessings off of him. Gottlieb continues to welcome LGBT+ individuals to his congregation, and criticises Orthodox groups that shun them.", "title": "Social Advocacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "Gottlieb advocates for broader acceptance of Israeli Arabs and Palestinians in Israeli society, and has criticised discrimination against Israel's Arab Christian community.", "title": "Social Advocacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Gottlieb opposes preventing public transportation on Shabbat.", "title": "Social Advocacy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IKH may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023–24 George Washington Revolutionaries women's basketball team represents George Washington University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Revolutionaries, led by third-year head coach Caroline McCombs, play their home games at Charles E. Smith Center in Washington, D.C. as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The Colonials finished the 2022–23 season 18–13, 9–7 in A–10 play to finish in a tie for sixth place. As the #7 seed in the A-10 tournament, they defeated #10 seed Duquesne in the second round, before falling to #2 seed Rhode Island in the quarterfinals.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On May 24, 2023, the school announced that they would be changing the nickname of its athletic teams from Colonials to Revolutionaries.", "title": "Previous season" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Sources:", "title": "Schedule and results" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Rommy Sulastyo (born 21 September 1971) is an Indonesian actor and model.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The son of Adjie Mulyo dan Etty Sofiaty. Rommy is brother of Indonesian actress Annisa Trihapsari.", "title": "Life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Rommy started his entertainment career as finalist from event Abang None Jakarta in 1994.", "title": "Life and career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Farez or Forez (فارز named for file forensics) is a content moderation software program made by Iranian FATA cyber law enforcement command in 2023. It was proposed to be mandatorily installed on citizens phones, it is advertised as Iranian Anti Virus. It is similar to the Chinese CCCP developed censorship mobile app used on Uyghur genocide.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hilary Clapp, (Bontoc: Pit-a-pit, lit. 'Igorot boy'; 1894 – April 1945) was a doctor and politician from Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines. He was an early convert of the Protestant American missions. He was one of the first Filipinos to arrive in Ontario, Canada. When he returned to the Philippines, he rose to prominence due to his education and connection to colonial officials. He became a doctor, the Igorot representative to the Philippine Commonwealth in the 1930s, and then the first Igorot governor of Mountain Province during the Japanese occupation.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Pit-a-pit was born to the Bontoc, who reside near the Chico River basin in the mountainous region of the Cordillera, during the Spanish colonial era. In the late 1890s, when the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States, Protestantism started to take roots in northern Luzon highlands with the arrival American missionaries. It was in this context that he became one of the first Protestant converts among the Bontoc people.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He was raised under the tutelage of Walter Clayton Clapp, an Episcopalian priest who volunteered to be a missionary to the Philippines. Upon arrival in Manila in 1901, the priest was sent by Bishop Charles Brent to \"look over the field among the Igorots of Northern Luzon.\" In 1903, in the province of Lepanto-Bontoc, the missionary took up residence and met Pit-a-pit. During that time, the Igorot boy formed a special bond with the priest who was then working in translation work for a dictionary of the Bontoc language.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Rev. Clapp described Pit-a-pit was “a singularly attractive and sprightly little fellow, quite innocent of clothing except a loin-cloth and a little soklong, or cap, woven of line rattan fibers, ornamented with dog-teeth and horse hair plumes, on the back of his long, flowing black hair.” He was later adopted by the priest and gave him the name Hilary Clapp.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "He received his early education in the Bontoc missions and schoool in Baguio, which was becoming the new regional centre of the American colonial outpost in northern Luzon. In 1906, he entered the Easter School, an all-boys private school established by the American missionaries. Alongside fellow Bontoc, Clapp was taught how to become \"a good Christian and good patriot.\" As a student, he excelled in his studies, showing characteristics of perseverance and intelligence. He was chosen by the Episcopal missions to study abroad and to prepare him for becoming a priest.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Canada-born American Bishop Charles Henry Brent himself brought the young Igorot to Trinity College School, where Brent also studied. In September 1907, they left Manila for London and stayed in Dorchester House. Then from the Port of Liverpool, they travelled to New York and proceeded to the town of Port Hope in Ontario. He displayed skills in learning languages and competitive sports. However, he didn't find interested in ordained ministry. In 1910, Bishop Brent brought him back to the Philippines.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Clapp pursued to study medicine at the University of the Philippines after graduating from Manila High School. In 1922, he returned to his hometown of Bontoc, where he was married to a nurse and had children. In 1924, he became a resident physician at the Bontoc General Hospital. There, he was appointed district officer serving for 13 years. Within the local community, he became a prominent leader due to his Western education and connection to colonial officials.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 1931, Dr. Clapp was appointed as one of the two representatives of Mountain Province in the new Philippine Legislature. He championed the interests of his people.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "When the Second World War broke, Dr. Clapp was offered the governorship under the civilian government reorganized by the Japanese Imperial Army. He then became the first Igorot governor of Mountain Province. From late 1944 to early 1945, U.S. forces went on a campaign to regain control of the archipelago. Meanwhile, Filipino resistance was concentrated in the mountains. As governor, Clapp worked secretly with the guerilla groups and American missionaries in hiding in order to protect his people. But, he was still labeled by some as a collaborator and traitor.", "title": "Death" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Dr. Clapp was captured by the U.S. army and was sentenced for public execution in the town of Ripang. He pleaded his case against his captors and was permitted to meet American missionaries in Manila. In April 1945, he was fatally shot before the guerilla movement had decimated Japanese control of the Philippines.", "title": "Death" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IFK may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The following is a list of candidates of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance for the 2024 Indian General Elections. The following is the seat sharing summary for Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance's candidates in 2024 Indian general election.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Maharashtra" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "Maharashtra" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "JHM may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Marriage Market (Hungarian: Leányvásár) is a 1941 Hungarian musical comedy film directed by Félix Podmaniczky and starring Zita Szeleczky, János Sárdy and Manyi Kiss. An operetta film, it is an adaptation of the 1911 stage work of the same title composed by Victor Jacobi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director István Básthy.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "János Gergely returns from Canada with his daughter Lucy. She is very interested in the folk traditions of Transylvania and the famous marriage market held there. Meanwhile Peter is seeking a debt owed to him by Lucy's father. The two end up being wed in peasant costume without realising that the marriage is valid.", "title": "Synopsis" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "An Invisible Minority: Brazilians in New York City is a 1998 non-fiction book by Maxine L. Margolis, published by Allyn and Bacon as a part of the \"New Immigration Series\". A 2009 second edition was published by University Press of Florida.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The title refers to the ethnic Brazilian community of New York City, although as of the book's publication, the ethnic group had not organized an actual ethnic neighborhood for themselves.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The author had traveled to Brazil and collected data from people there, as well as from Brazilians who lived in New York City. Other sources used by the author include government documents and anthropological documents.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The 2009 edition has six chapters. It includes additional research information contained from New York City and from elsewhere, and section on the effects of the September 11 attacks on obtaining a visa.", "title": "Contents" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Niyi Afolabi of the University of Texas at Austin called the 2009 book edition \"cogent\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Robert Elliot Barkan of California State University San Bernardino described the original edition as \"one of the more satisfying theoretically-based works.\"", "title": "Reception" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Dolphins season will be the club's 2nd season in the NRL.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The following player movements happened across the previous season, off-season and pre-season.", "title": "Player movement" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is a timeline of History of Guinea. Each article deals with events in Guinea in a given year.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "Twenty-first century" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Seichi Junrei (聖地巡礼, lit. 'pilgrimage to sacred places') is a Japanese buzzword and internet slang term describing a form of pop-culture tourism or film tourism where fans of anime subculture-related media make visits to real-world locations featured as settings, backgrounds, or general inspiration for their favorite series. The \"Seichi\" prefix is often included in order to make a distinction between this secular fan behavior and religiously-significant Japanese Buddhist Junrei (巡礼).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Locations for secular seichi can encompass the aforementioned backgrounds and settings, inspiration for the name of a character, or a place that happens to share a name with a character or series. Locations that have strong memories for all kinds of fans, such as sports stadiums, have also sometimes been figuratively called seichi. The act of touring these sites like a pilgrim came to be called junrei, with intended contrast to historic junrei.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tourism to locations featured in manga, dramas, games, and anime is also often called Contents tourism. Seichi Junrei-sha can be used to describe enthusiasts who engage with the practice. Additional terms such as rokechi-meguri (ロケ地巡り, lit. 'location tour') and Butai Tanbou (舞台探訪, lit. 'stage exporation') are closely tied or synonymous to seichi junrei. Butai Tanbou usually describes the more specific practice of superimposing fan photography to the camera angles featured in the related content.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Japan's Cabinet Office also noted that animation and manga works originating from and set in Japan have gained many fans outside of Japan as \"Cool Japan\" content. Utilizing the language of seichi junrei, anime tourism, and contents tourism, the central government, local chambers of commerce, business associations, and private interest groups are now promoting the practice as a measure to increase the number of tourists visiting Japan, to attract visitors from seichi to the surrounding conventional regional tourist resources, and to stimulate local consumption spending.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Religious holy sites are often intentionally distinguished from their surroundings by special design choices and decorations, whereas the \"sacred sites\" that are the subject of these fan \"pilgrimages\" remain unchanged from before they were made \"sacred\", with the added value of some sort of narrative that makes them \"sacred\" to fans.", "title": "Places" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Shooting Locations from Japanese TV dramas and movies are usually easily identified by fans because of the nature of live-action filming, and film commissions sometimes publicize locations, so their seichi are easily \"confirmed\". On the other hand, in the case of manga and anime, there are fewer examples of locations being publicly announced, and seichi are usually first \"confirmed\" during or after release based on the subjective opinions of fans who have conducted on-site or digital Google Street View surveying trips. The degree of \"reproduction\" between the actual location and the depiction in illustrated mediums depends on the art style and intended sense of place of the work. There are also works in which the creator clearly states the name of the actual place where the work is set via dialogue, images and illustrations, official commentary books, websites, etc., or in which local authorities makes a visible appeal as a destination through posters, billboards, events, standees, stamp rallies, collaborations, and more.", "title": "Places" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "This kind of fan behavior was not limited to anime and manga, but visiting the settings of various literary works and movies had been seen many times before then in the scope of pop-culture tourism, film tourism, and literary tourism. Writings on contents tourism also tie seichi junrei to a longer and broader history of Japanese media tourism.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "221B Baker Street, where fictional literary detective Sherlock Holmes is said to live, has a blue plaque despite his fictional invention, and Meiringen, at the foot of Reichenbach Falls, where The Final Problem takes place, has become a tourist spot visited by Sherlock fans from around the world, with a road sign showing directions in the novel and an active museum.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The first anime location tourism began in or before 1974 with Heidi, Girl of the Alps's depiction of the Swiss Alps, especially Maienfeld, Switzerland. Many other series belonging to NHK's World Masterpiece Theater time slot also inspired outbound overseas tourism, such as Dog of Flanders and Anne of Green Gables. Ashita no Joe and Rumiko Takahashi's Urusei Yatsura and Maison Ikkoku are other early domestically Japanese examples.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The 1991 OVA of Kyūkyoku Chōjin R is an early example of a work that did not hide the names of locations and other specific places and instead incorporated them into the narrative in a metafictional way, resulting in the creation of destinations by fans. The Tenchi Muyo! series is often regarded as an early representative example of linking fictional locations to the places from which they were named, appealing to the audience as seichi and inducing tourism demand. On the other hand, in the case where the media does not directly encourage fans to find and visit the locations, the Sailor Moon series can be cited as the origin of this type of activity. An early example of a TV anime triggering seichi junrei since then is Please Teacher! (2002) but it was 2007 Lucky Star's depiction of Washinomiya Shrine that fronted the boom in internet-powered discussion and practice of seichi junrei, especially near the end of the 2000s.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "The anime that followed Lucky Star and inspired seichi junrei proper often adopted a technique of preparing photographs of actual landscapes and buildings on location scouting trips and tracing them to create anime background art, or adjusting the levels of an image, tracing, and adding screentones in image manipulation software for the backgrounds of manga panels, as seen in Inio Asano's notable background style. Several visual novels of the 2000s and 2010s also used real-world images passed through photo filters for background art, or were illustrations based on real-world photographs. While location hunting of the places where the original story took place has been done before for anime adaptations, it was The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya that led to increased fervor for seichi junrei following Lucky Star, and Nishinomiya Kita High School in Hyogo Prefecture, where the light novel author Tanigawa Nagaru was born, became the most famous destination of this pilgrimage.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "On March 7, 2012, NHK General TV's news program Close-Up Gendai aired a special feature on seichi junrei titled \"Dramatic Changes in the Anime Industry: The Mystery of Seichi Junrei\". In addition, \"seichi junrei\" was selected as one of the buzzwords in the 2016 U-Can Shingo Ryukogo Taisho announced on December 1, 2016. The movie Kimi no na wa. released in August 2016 was released to great box office success and critical acclaim beyond the Otaku subculture, and many people made a trip to Hida, Gifu Prefecture where the film's rural locations were set and the red staircase at Suga Shrine.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 2016, KADOKAWA, JTB, Japan Airlines, and other businesses relevant to anime, manga, and tourism formed the Anime Tourism Association. On August 26, 2017, the association published \"88 Japanese Anime Holy Places to Visit\" (2018 edition), which has been published annually since. The number 88 refers to the number of temples on Shikoku Junrei, and the number of places selected is now greater than 88.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In 2018, a \"Birthplace Seichi Junrei\" monument was erected by volunteers near Tagiri Station, associated with the OVA version of Kyūkyoku Chōjin R and unveiled on July 28.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "In 2019, Japan's first Anime Tourism Summit was held in Kitakyushu by the Anime Tourism Association.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "Artist and critic Yohei Kurose describes the method of using real-life scenery for anime production: \"When this method is used, the scenery of real space is directly inserted into the fictional space of the animation, creating a discrepancy, but such awkwardness is what gives reality to the work.\" Kurose uses the concept of \"formulae of emotions\" proposed by art historian Aby Warburg.", "title": "Essays" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The literary critic Ryota Fukushima notes that a place can be turned into a seichi site simply by adding a story to the original place, and argues that seichi junrei is a form of pseudo-historical imagination that gives some imaginary origin of pseudo-history to the real \"present\" of authentic history.", "title": "Essays" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Critic Yuichi Murakami argued that seichi exist \"between reality and ficiton\", and that they become \"landscapes\" when projected onto ficiton, and junrei when projected onto reality. In this way, the concept of seichi junrei, which was originally associated with place, can be generalized to a wider range of practices and objects. For example, the case of fans replicating the choreography featured in the ending theme of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumia, or the case of K-On! triggering some fans to purchase guitars featured in the series.", "title": "Essays" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "When a famous work is set in a place or the author's hometown, it becomes a valuable tourist resource, as many people visit to experience the thoughts and feelings of the characters.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown, was a commercial town, but after David Garrick held a commemorative festival in 1769, it became a tourist town attracting 2.5 million visitors annually. In recent years, Stratford-upon-Avon has become a theater town, with the Royal Shakespeare Theatre being built in the city.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "When the Sherlock Holmes series was translated around the world, 221B Baker Street and Reichenbach Falls became tourist attractions, and souvenir shops gathered around the area.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "In Japan, since the postwar period, local governments, tourism associations, chambers of commerce, and film commissions have actively cooperated in the production of films as part of their efforts towards community building and revitalization, and there are increasing frequencies of cases where they market and promote the fact that a certain film was shot in their region. Local restaurants and stores have displayed posters of the media, maps of filming locations and other related points of interest have been prepared, and notebooks have been set up to allow visitors to leave mementos, comments, or fan illustrations.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "The city of Sakaiminato, Tottori Prefecture is the birthplace of GeGeGe no Kitarō mangaka Shigeru Mizuki. The city developed a region called \"Kitaro Road\" lined with statues of Mizuki's yōkai illustrations and successfully promoted itself as \"Kitaro's Hometown\". Later, Himi, Toyama Prefecture, the birthplace of Fujiko Fujio, promoted itself around the theme of Ninja Hattori-kun, following Sakaiminato's successful formula.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "In recent years, there have also been examples where the purpose is to promote the area where the work is set in addition to tourism promotion. In Kasukabe, Saitama, the Nohara family, main characters of Crayon Shin-chan, have been given a special resident certificate (特別住民票) to support child rearing and education.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "With the success of Densha Otoko in 2005, otaku culture, or the \"moe industry\", began to permeate into the general public, and the economic effects of anime made for enthusiasts began to be reported on in the press. Although the total number of people moved by these series is smaller than more general-audience dramas and films, they are characterized with a high turnover rate in sales of related goods, and in some cases, they have revitalized local shopping districts. Unlike with dramas or films, there is no need to get intellectual property clearance to use the likeness of actors, and advertising can be produced at a lower cost. The case of Lucky Star and Washinomiya in particular drew much attention from academic and economic perspectives as a successful example of using otaku-oriented media to revitalize.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "In 2009, a life-size RX-78-02 Gundam was installed in Odaiba, and within two weeks of its opening to the public, the number of visitors exceeded 1 million. Meanwhile, a giant statue of the robot form Tetsujin 28-go was built in Nagata-ku, Kobe City, in honor of Mitsuteru Yokoyama, a cartoonist from the city.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "In some cases, local governments take the initiative in sponsoring manga and light novel contests to introduce new works set in their hometowns to the world. The movie Ganbatte Ikimasshoi, for example, for which devoted fans made a pilgrimage to Matsuyama, Ehime, is based on a coming-of-age novel that won the \"Botchan Literature Award\" sponsored by Matsuyama.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "In addition to the economic benefits, it also has the effect of broadening human ties, such as creating attachment from the fans of content to the area and deepening exchanges among local businesses through tie-up projects. Hokkaido University associate professor Takayoshi Yamamura authored a triangular model arguing a nearly mutual relationship between fans, producers, and local authorities.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "While the above advantages are significant, there are many cases where the work itself may end up disappearing from relevance if it does not gain momentum.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "Many of the places targeted for pilgrimages are facilities or buildings where no visual distinction can be seen, and in some cases, general residences, schools, and other facilities are included in the neighborhood, which may cause anxiety to local residents who are unaware of the situation, thereby disturbing and inconveniencing their daily lives. Unlike live-action, anime (especially risqué \"late-night\" broadcasts) are not filmed on location with the participation of on-screen actors, and are sometimes not advertised by local stations, governments, or chambers of commerce.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "Most TV anime have a broadcast period of roughly three months to one year, and seichi junrei is usually most popular during and after airing. If the popularity of a TV program - anime or otherwise - is a short-lived \"boom and bust\", the \"boom\" may pass by the time the local community is ready to accept a sudden increase in the number of pilgrims (tourists), leaving the destination area with only confusion and burdens. As a countermeasure, the producers of the Yuru Camp anime and Yamanashi Prefecture established a cooperative relationship immediately after the decision was made to make an animated series, and the Yamanashi Tourism Organization prepared a special website to introduce the sacred sites as soon as the series began airing.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "A city or neighborhood might be featured in types of media that residents do not want to be associated with, as in the case of the Higurashi When They Cry murder mystery visual novel series and anime, deemed by some residents of Shirawawa-go as excessively violent or obscene. Similar attitudes have been noted near infamous AV shooting locations such as the Hanazono Room.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "Pilgrims sometimes act in bizarre ways that are suspicious in the eyes of local residents unfamiliar with the work and the extenuating circumstances. Some more extreme fans might violate the unwritten rules of meiwaku (迷惑) or commit outright illegal acts such as trespassing to access seichi in secluded and private spaces. As an example, some fans broke into the grounds of a high school in Nishinomiya, Hyogo, which is said to be the model school in the Haruhi Suzumiya series, and painted graffiti on the grounds of the school. Free! graffiti was found at Arasuna Shrine in Iwami, Tottori, which is a model for the anime of the same name. For these reasons, the producers of some works have called for self-restraint or halting of seichi junrei. Problems of tourists committing crimes and violating etiquette certainly are not exclusive to seichi junrei-sha, and negative impacts extend to conventional tourism as well.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Local businesses and stores in seichi spots sometimes create and sell unauthorized goods without considering copyright restrictions, because they are hot sellers. Such a case was seen in Oarai, Ibaraki, where Bandai Namco Filmworks' Girls und Panzer was set. In response, GuP producer Kiyoshi Sugiyama strengthened relations with the local community by first turning a blind eye and then later signing official contracts. After hearing cases where the government was involved in top-down collaborations with local communities from the start and the result was failure, Sugiyama did not have much faith in the power of using anime for local revitalization. Despite his misgivings, the relationship between fans of Girls und Panzer and Oarai is now considered a success story for seichi junrei.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "The collaboration between Bandai Namco Filmworks, also the producers of Lagrange: The Flower of Rin-ne and Kamogawa, Chiba is considered by some to be one such case of failure. The name Kamogawa, landmarks of the city, and its meibutsu (culturally significant regional goods) appeared frequently in the anime, but fans were critical of the fact that the attempt for a tie-in felt like blatant product placement. In truth, the city did not incite or sponsor the creation the anime with the intention of revitalizing Kamogawa, and the Rin-ne no Lagrange Kamogawa Promotion Committee claims that they learned of the anime's production after the fact.", "title": "Regional Impact" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "Because there are always fans of any anime and manga work, large or small, seichi jurnei is conducted by fans of all kinds of works. While the planned collaborative revitalization behavior is mostly domestic to Japan, fans may choose to visit international destinations such as featured seichi brought about by research and scouting trips in Europe and North America.", "title": "Destinations" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area (known in Spanish as: Área metropolitana de Palma de Mallorca) is the metropolitan area of Palma de Mallorca. The metropolitan area is located in the Mallorca, island with an area of 979 km", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2020 Palma de Mallorca gross metropolitan product was €21.456 billion. This puts Palma de Mallorca in 108th place among cities in European Union.", "title": "Economy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Barış Kıralioğlu is a Turkish actor and director who is known for his roles in various television shows, films, and theatrical productions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kıralioğlu appeared as Musa in the Turkish television series İçerde.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1988 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1988 college football season. Selectors in 1988 included the Associated Press (AP).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "1988 College Football All-America Team", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Archimedes Robb (December 8, 1814 – November 24, 1875) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1869.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Archimedes Robb was born in December 8, 1814.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Robb was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County in 1869.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Robb was a farmer. He was president of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Chester County at the time of his death.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Robb married Eliza. His daughter Jennie A. married I. Heston Todd. His daughter Belle married John A. Holmes of St. Louis, Missouri. He lived in Frazer, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Robb died on November 24, 1875, at his home in Chester County. He was interred at Great Valley Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Malvern.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "LDE may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Marlene Reidel (née Maria Magdalena Hartl; 20 December 1923 - 21 July 2014) was a German artist known for illustrating and writing picture books. She worked on more than 100 books during her lifetime. In 1967, she won the German Children's Book Award for her book Kasimirs Weltreise.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Reidel was born on 20 December 1923 in Landshut in Bavaria, Germany. She grew up on a farm in Lower Bavaria. She worked as an apprentice ceramicist at the Huber-Roethe ceramics workshop while young. After being drafted at the age of 18, she worked for the Reich Labour Service. In her free time from the Labour Service, Reidel worked on her art.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Beginning in 1943, she studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, alongside artists Hans Gött and Josef Oberberger. Her studies were paused due to the onset of World War II, and she resumed them at Schloss Haimhausen after the war's end.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Reidel illustrated a picture book with potato printing—using cut potatoes—around 1956. Her picture book, Kasimirs Weltreise, was published in 1957 by Munich-based publisher Georg Lentz. It was translated into English as Eric's Journey, and was published by Routledge in 1960. In 1958, she won the German Children's Book Award within the picture book category for her book Kasimirs Weltreise; it was the first time the award was given to a picture book. In 1959, the book was on the New York Times Best Illustrated Children's Book list.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In her book Kasimirs Weltreise, Reidel's artwork was made using linocuts, which she continued to use for her picture book illustrations. Her illustration style often used flat colors and angular shapes.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Her picture books were distributed by German publishers Annette Betz and Karl Thienemanns. Outside of illustration, Reidel worked on theatrical productions at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in 1958 and 1962, and worked as a ceramicist. She also designed windows for the Catholic parish church of St. Martin in Geisenhausen.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Reidel died on 21 July 2014 in Landshut, Germany.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 1948, she married the sculptor Karl Reidel. Together, they had six children.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hemingway: A Portrait is a Canadian short docudrama film, directed by Érik Canuel and released in 1999. The film portrays a film crew putting together a newsreel retrospective about the life of Ernest Hemingway following his death in 1961.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film was distributed as part of a double bill with Aleksandr Petrov's animated film The Old Man and the Sea.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The film won the Genie Award for Best Short Documentary at the 20th Genie Awards in 2000.", "title": "Awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 1987 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 1988 college football season. Selectors in 1987 included the Associated Press (AP).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "AP = Associated Press", "title": "Key" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "1987 College Football All-America Team", "title": "See also" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Albin Krasniqi (born 6 April 2003) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a winger for St. Gallen.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Krasniqi is a youth product of FC Wacker Grenchen, Solothurn and Basel. He began his senior career with Basel's reserves in 2021, and on 12 April 2023 moved to the reserves of St. Gallen. In the summer of 2023, he started training with St. Gallen's senior team, and eventually joined them permanently. He made his senior and professional debut with St. Gallen as a substitute in a 1–0 Swiss Super League loss to Lugano on 29 July 2023.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Born in Switzerland, Krasniqi is of Kosovan descent. He is a youth international for Switzerland, having played for the Switzerland U21s.", "title": "International career" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "LHF is the Latvian Ice Hockey Federation, the sports governing body in Latvia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "LHF may also refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "LKF may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area (known in Spanish as: Área metropolitana de la Bahía de Cádiz-Jerez) is the metropolitan area of Cádiz and Jerez de la Frontera. The metropolitan area is located in the Province of Cádiz, with an area of 2,026 km", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In 2020 Cádiz-Jerez gross metropolitan product was €20.111 billion. This puts Cádiz-Jerez in 123th place among cities in European Union.", "title": "Economy" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sonny Liston and Floyd Patterson fought twice for the world's heavyweight title. Liston knocked Patterson out in both fights, in the first round each time, winning and defending the championship in dominant fashion.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the retirement of the former champion, 22 year old Floyd Patterson had won the heavyweight championship in 1956, beating light heavyweight champion Archie Moore (Patterson was the youngest heavyweight champion at the time). While Patterson was defending his title, Liston started climbing through the heavyweight ranks in the late 50's. By the turn of the decade, Liston had become the number one contender, defeating nearly all top contenders by knockout and gaining one of the most fearsome reputations in heavyweight history.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1959, Patterson lost the world title to Ingemar Johansson, only to win it back the following year (becoming the first fighter in history to win the heavyweight championship twice). Even though Liston was the clear contender, Patterson's manager and trainer Cus D'Amato was very adamant that his fighter not fight Liston. Aside from the fact that D’Amato believed Patterson's chances were low, he also denounced Liston's connections with gangsters (including his management), an issue that the public shared. Liston held number one spot throughout the early 1960s, and despite the discouragement from not only his management but from President John F. Kennedy during a visit to the White House in 1962, Patterson ultimately decided to give Liston a shot at the title.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The first fight took place in late September 1962, the two meeting in Chicago. It was a rare case in which the champion entered the fight an underdog, with Liston an 8-5 betting favorite over Patterson, although many writers and celebrities still had faith Patterson could pull of another victory.", "title": "Fights" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Patterson immediately faced difficulty with Liston's larger size, particularly his 7 foot long reach and powerful jab. Patterson bravely attempted to close the distance with the challenger by using his faster hand speed and head movement, but soon began to take powerful hooks and combinations from Liston both at long and short range. Just two minutes into the first round, a hurt Patterson found himself up against the ropes, and took two powerful left hooks to the jaw, knocking him out. Liston had finally become the new heavyweight champion.", "title": "Fights" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Liston offered Patterson a rematch, and the two had another fight in Las Vegas in July 1963. Liston was favored 4–1, and had trained less for what he expected to be another quick victory. Although Patterson did manage to land a few more combinations, he was still unable to hold the champion off or close the distance. Liston soon with a series of thunderous punches to the head sent the challenger to the ground. Patterson got up and fought on, but was soon knocked down a second time. Patterson once again beat the count but was quickly dropped a third time, and this time would be counted out. The rematch only lasted four seconds longer than the first fight.", "title": "Fights" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The fights with Patterson solidified Liston's longstanding reputation as the most intimidating man in the sport, and gave many fans and even writers the impression that he was a nearly unstoppable fighter. His next fight would be in early 1964 against a young rising contender Muhammad Ali (then Cassius Clay). Ali won in what was considered a major upset, and won again in a controversial rematch the following year.", "title": "Aftermath" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Both fighters continued their respective careers, and although neither fighter could win back the title, they were both still able to win many more victories and continued to stay in the top ranks throughout the 1960s. Liston's final fight was in 1970, defeating Chuck Wepner, only to unfortunately pass away later that year. Patterson retired from boxing in 1972 following an unsuccessful rematch with Ali for the NABF heavyweight title.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "On June 17, 2017, jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin attacked Malian forces in Bintagoungou, Tombouctou Region, Mali.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin formed in early 2017 as a coalition of five separate jihadist groups that rebelled against the Malian government in 2012. On June 1, 2017, several weeks prior to the Bintagoungou attack, the group ambushed Malian soldiers at Tikerefinadji, killing three soldiers and injuring three more.", "title": "Prelude" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The attack began around 5am local time at the Malian military base in Bintagoungou. The jihadists arrived at the camp with three pick-ups, which they parked on the outskirts before walking silently by foot to the camp itself. After the jihadists stabbed a sentry, the main assault began. In the fighting, the camp's ammo depot was burned, eight vehicles were burned, and one was captured. Reinforcements from Goundam arrived around 8am, by which point the jihadists had already fled.", "title": "Attack" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Malian army stated in a press release that same day that five soldiers were killed in the attack, eight were injured, and eight vehicles were destroyed. The injured soldiers were evacuated to Timbuktu by MINUSMA. Four other soldiers were reported missing. The attack was claimed by JNIM on June 21, who stated they had only lost one fighter.", "title": "Aftermath" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Andy Moses (born 1962) is an American contemporary abstract painter based in Los Angeles and prominent figure in the Light and Space Movement and Finish Fetish movements. He is the son of acclaimed post-war West Coast abstract artist Ed Moses and Avilda Peters.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Andy Moses was born in 1962 in Los Angeles, California. As the son of significant West Coast abstract painter, Ed Moses. Andy grew up steeped in the burgeoning California art movements of the time including his father's anti-style, California Cool, Light and Space, and Finish Fetish. Moses attended California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) from 1979 to 1981. While at CalArts, Moses studied under Barbara Kruger, Michael Asher, and John Baldessari. Upon graduation, Moses decided he wanted to move to New York to pursue an art career. His father was against this idea leading to an estrangement between father and son for a number of years.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At 18 years old, Moses made the move to New York and began working with Pat Steir. While in New York Moses began to experiment with and later develop the painting style for which he is known. In 1986, Moses was included in his first group exhibition and was given a solo show shortly thereafter, in 1987. Moses has been exhibiting continuously since then, including inclusion in several museum shows.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In an interview during one of his exhibitions Moses revealed that the intent of his work was to blur the line between abstraction and landscape, providing both a micro and macro level perspective to the viewer so that the viewer is forced to determine their own relation to the work. Later, Moses took this idea further and started to create circular convex canvases that would further shift and warp the viewers perspective.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Moses has used a fairly consistent color palette for most of his career inspired by his surfing off the coast of California. When speaking about surfing and the ocean as his inspiration, Moses notes \"You never saw the same thing twice. The line was always moving. The colors were always shifting.\"", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 2000, Moses moved back to California, choosing to be near the ocean which is a fundamental source of inspiration for his work. He currently works out of his father's old studio.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Moses's works focus on the materiality of the paint itself and how its viscosity and reactions change with movement, gravity, and curvature. Moses's reliance on pouring, gravity, and tilting causes the paint to flow and mix across his substrate allowing for spontaneity to be introduced into the making.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Moses's work is shown within the Light and Space and Finish Fetish movements.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Five years after Moses moved back to California, he and his father began rebuilding their relationship. Prior to Ed Moses's death, he and Andy's relationship had flourished – they had become next door neighbors, visited each other's studios regularly, and spent hours talking about painting over dinner four times a week culminating in several exhibitions together.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Although both father and son were known as abstract painters, they remained distinct in their approach. Were Ed purposefully rejected preciousness in his work, Andy delivered fluid abstractions with glossy finishes sharing similar threads to artists in the Light and Space and Finish Fetish movements.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Andy Moses is married to acclaimed artist Kelly Berg. Moses and Berg's works are often exhibited together.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Among others, Moses has exhibited with the following museum: Frederick R. Weisman Foundation; Laguna Art Museum; Museum of Art & History, Lancaster, CA; and Contemporary Arts Center.", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Among others, Moses has had solo exhibitions with:JD Malat Gallery, London, UK; William Turner Gallery, Santa Monica, CA; Spanierman Modern, Miami Beach, FL; and JD Malat Gallery, London, UK.", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "1987 Premio Michetti, Fondazione Michetti Italy", "title": "Awards" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Land Is Ours (Hungarian: Felszabadult föld) is a 1951 Hungarian drama film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Ádám Szirtes, Ági Mészáros and Ilona Egri. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Pán.", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "LNF may refer to:", "title": "" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Joseph C. Keech (May 5, 1833 – March 24, 1915) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1870 to 1872.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Joseph C. Keech was born on May 5, 1833, in Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Keech was a conductor of the Pennsylvania Railroad.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Keech was a Republican. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing Chester County from 1870 to 1872. In 1903, he ran for Pennsylvania Senate, but lost.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "His daughter Jessie R. married John Rogers of Philadelphia.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Keech died of dropsy on March 24, 1915, at Homeopathic Hospital in West Chester. He was interred at Hephzibah Baptist Church Cemetery in Coatesville.", "title": "Personal life" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Juggernaut is a Canadian short documentary film, directed by Eugene Boyko and released in 1968. Produced for the National Film Board of Canada, the film documents the delivery and transport of a calandria to a new nuclear reactor being built in Rajasthan, India.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The film won the Canadian Film Award for Best Documentary Under 30 Minutes at the 21st Canadian Film Awards in 1969.", "title": "Awards" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Asmitha Neelamegam, also known as Ashmitha, is an Indian film actress, model and makeup artist from Chennai who works predominantly Tamil cinema.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Neelamegam started her career as a child at the age of 13 in Asianet's “Ceylon Salon,” a comedy show in Tamil that she anchored. She has played lead actor roles in four movies. Some of her ad films include her works with Pothys, Sree Kumaran Thanga Maligai, Aavin, etc.", "title": "Early life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Although she became successful in her media career, Neelamegam felt her calling was not acting or modeling. So after 22, she made a shift to pursue makeup as her career. She was formally trained under a Mumbai-based makeup artist. Returning from her training, she realized that the techniques and products she was taught to work on made no sense to the skin in the South. And that led her to unlearn and self-educate through rigorous practice and trying new looks.", "title": "Early life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Her new full-fledged academy space opened up for students in the year 2018 in Saligramam, Chennai. Over 12,000 students have taken courses to learn self-grooming, start businesses, and be financially independent women.", "title": "Early life and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]

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