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Safidon
History & Geography
to Safidon Tehsil . Geography Safidon is located at 29.42°N Latitudes and 76.67°E Longitudes. Safidon is the center of Panipat and Jind. The town is the headquarters of the tehsil of the same name. It is situated on the bank of the Hansi branch of the Western Yamuna canal, 35 km northeast of Jind. The elevation of Safidon is about 221 m (725 ft) above sea level. The fertile land of Safidon paves the way for the growth of crops such as wheat, paddy, sugarcane , millets , pulses, vegetables and fruits ; accompanied by well developed irrigation facilities. The groundwater of some villages like Anta,
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Safidon
Geography
Rampura,Khera Khemawati, Chapper are considered to.be the best in District Jind. Safidon has a very moderate climate. Summers are hotter and winters are colder here. The rainfall is almost good, unless Safidon is experiencing Monsoon deficiency from few years. Safidon is connected to major cities through roads and railways. There is one bus stand in the city where direct buses to major destinations like Delhi, Chandigarh, Panipat, Jind, Dehradun, Karnal, Kaithal, Sirsa, Hisar, Haridwar, Asandh, Pundri, Gohana etc. are available. Safidon comes under Jind Depot of Haryana Roadways. Trains for Panipat, Jind, Rohtak, Sangrur and Bathinda are available at Safidon Railway Station.
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Safidon
Geography & Administration
Safidon Junction is administered under Northern Railway (NR). Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) also develops the city and acquired the land for housing board.The Delhi NCR Board joined District Jind in the National Capital Region (India) Board. Administration Safidon falls under Sonipat Lok Sabha Constituency. Talking about Haryana Legislative Assembly Elections, Safidon Constituency is No. 35 as per Election Commission. After every five years, people chose their representative by voting and send him/her to Vidhan Sabha. Safidon is a Municipal Committee city in district of Jind, Haryana. The Safidon city is divided into 17 wards for which elections are held every
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Safidon
Administration
5 years. Safidon Municipal Committee has total administration over 6,568 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorized to build roads within Municipal Committee limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction. The Safidon Sub-Division comprises Safidon tehsil and sub-tehsil Pillukhera. There are 70villages under Safidon Tehsil. To govern each village, the Gram Panchayats are elected after every 5 years by the people in each village. A Block Samiti is also working under rules and regulations. There is one Session Court in Safidon setup under all rules and regulations. The Court is
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Safidon
Administration & Parks and stadiums & Multiplex Cinema
gifted with a beautiful and massive Bar Council Complex, where people can go for judicial advises and consult their attorneys. The Mini Secretariat of Safidon includes the offices of Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM), Tehsildar and Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP). The official residents of various office-bearers such as Judge, Tehsildar, SDM, etc. are also situated in the Mini Secretariat. Parks and stadiums ▪Ramsar Park, Safidon ▪Nagshetra Park, Safidon ▪Om Shanti Park, Safidon ▪Ramlila Ground & Park, Safidon ▪Maharaja Janmenjay Stadium, Safidon ▪Govt. Boys Sr. Sec. School Ground, Safidon Multiplex Cinema Red Rocks Cinema , a Multiplex situated at Jind Road near bypass is running round the clock
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Safidon
Multiplex Cinema & Food and cuisine
and a very good source of entertainment especially on weekends. Food and cuisine As being a city of plain area, wheat is the staple food of Safidon followed by rice. Varieties of cuisines are available in Safidon like North Indian, South Indian, Punjabi, Chinese, Continental, etc. Safidonese are mostly vegetarians.
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Saint Ann Parish
History
Saint Ann Parish History Saint Ann is one of the oldest populated areas in the island of Jamaica tracing back to 600–650 A.D. It is believed to be the earliest Taino/Arawak settlement in Jamaica. When Christopher Columbus first came to Jamaica in 1494, he landed on the shores of Saint Ann at Discovery Bay, Jamaica. He returned to Jamaica on his fourth voyage and was eventually marooned for one year at Saint Ann's Bay (June 1503 – June 1504), which he called Santa Gloria. The first Spanish settlement in Jamaica was also at Sevilla la Nueva, now called Seville, just
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Saint Ann Parish
History
to the west of Saint Ann's Bay. Established by Juan de Esquivel, the first Spanish Governor of Jamaica, Saint Ann's Bay became the third capital established by Spain in the Americas. The first sugar mills were established by the Spaniards in Sevilla la Nueva before 1526. After 1655, when the English captured Jamaica, Saint Ann's Bay gradually developed as a fishing port with many warehouses and wharves. The parish of Saint Ann was later named after Lady Anne Hyde the first wife of King James II of England. Ocho Rios began to develop as a modern town and a favourite tourist
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Saint Ann Parish
History & Geography
destination in Jamaica. Its development commenced when Reynolds Jamaica Mines built a deep-water pier, west of the town to ship bauxite ore from the mines. In the 1960s the Saint Ann Development Council began the systematic development of Ocho Rios creating a modern town. Geography The parish is located at latitude 18°12'N, longitude 77°28'W. It is bordered by Clarendon and Saint Catherine in the south, Saint Mary in the east, and Trelawny in the west. As with all but one parish, its coast is washed by the Caribbean Sea. Saint Ann covers an area of 1,212.6 km², making it the largest parish,
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Saint Ann Parish
Geography
before Saint Elizabeth's 1,212.4 km². The population was an estimated at 173,232 in 2012. Besides Saint Ann's Bay, other important towns located in Saint Ann are Discovery Bay, Brown's Town, and Ocho Rios. The highest elevation in the parish is in the Dry Harbour Mountains at 762 metres above sea level. Because of its limestone formation, the parish is noted for its 59 caves and numerous sinkholes. The Moneague Lake, which varies considerably in size, is one of the few large intermittent lakes in the island. The boundary between Saint Ann and Saint Mary is formed by the White River, which flows
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Saint Ann Parish
Geography & Agriculture
for 27.4 kilometres. Other rivers like the Dunn's River appear intermittently, rising a few kilometres from the coast. The names of the main rivers are Negro, Saint Ann, Great, Roaring, Cave and Pedro (see List of rivers of Jamaica). Agriculture The agricultural products are mainly bananas, allspice/pimento, sugar, coconuts, coffee, limes, corn, ginger, sweet potatoes, sensimilia yam, and annatto. The soil is also suitable for citrus and, sisal is cultivated in the drier areas. The parish is also noted for cattle rearing, horses and hogs (swine). Recently, however, agriculture has been on the decline as farmland is being used for
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Saint Ann Parish
Agriculture & Tourism & Commerce
housing and other developments and the cultivated area has decreased. Tourism The major economic activity in the parish is tourism. Saint Ann is one of the major tourist destinations of Jamaica, given that Dunn's River Falls and many popular beaches, like Puerto Seco Beach, are located there. There is a cruise ship dock (maritime) on the west shore of Ocho Rios Bay, and numerous hotels and resorts (including a Sandals Resort) are located in and around the city. It is also the birthplace/resting place for Bob Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981). Commerce Banks and supermarkets along with
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Saint Ann Parish
Commerce & Correctional centres
some restaurants make up the rest of the economy. The farmers market where small farmers and food vendors operate is also a source of employment for the locals. Correctional centres The Hill Top Juvenile Correctional Centre, operated by the Department of Correctional Services, Jamaica, is located in Bamboo and has a capacity for 98. The Armadale Juvenile Correctional Centre for girls was located in Alexandria but on 22 May 2009 a fire went through the facility, killing 5 girls and injuring 13 more. The replacement facility is located in Diamond Crest Villa near Alligator Pond in Manchester Parish. The Parish also contains
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Saint Ann Parish
Correctional centres
the historic Saint Ann's Bay Old Jail, perhaps the first prison in Jamaica.
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Samar National School
Early years
Samar National School Early years After a long fierce battle between the Guerillas and American forces, civil government was established in Samar on June 17, 1902, which paved the way for establishment of the primary schools all over Samar. Later, the first high school in the entire island was erected. Although, the first provincial high school was opened in October 1903, classes formally started in January 1904. Four teachers were assigned at Samar High School out of 17 American teachers who arrived in Samar. Others went to be assigned in Borongan, Calbayog, Catarman, and other pueblos. With Mr. Fredrick W. Abbot as
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Samar National School
Early years
acting principal, having six teachers under him, the provincial school was housed in the old presidencia building and was renting in various small buildings around town. In 1915, after ten years of pleading by the people for a school building, a 14-room building was constructed through local funds worth Php 27,384.60, which was originated under Act 1815 clearly specifying that insular loans were made prior to October 15, 1907. The Samar High School building was inaugurated in 1917, during the incumbency of Governor Clodualdo Lucero. Miss Jean Graham was made the acting Superintendent of the Division of Samar while Mr. George Noland
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Samar National School
Early years & Second World War and Post-War Era
was the principal of the school. During the inauguration of the school building, its name, Provincial High School was also renamed Catbalogan High School, a name by its three initials CHS at the center of each of the wrought-iron arches that crown the portals of the building this day. Later, the Catbalogan High School was re-baptized Samar High School. A succession of American principals administered the Samar High School until 1926 when the first Filipino principal was appointed. (see list below) Second World War and Post-War Era On December 8, 1941, Samar High school closed its gates because of the ignition of
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Samar National School
Second World War and Post-War Era
World War II. When the Japanese landed in Catbalogan in May 1942, the Samar High School was made the headquarters of the 9th Infantry Regiment of the Japanese Imperial Army. After the war, the Bureau of Education reopened all schools in the Philippines in 1945 including Samar High School. Fifty senior students of Class '42 returned to their graduation delayed by World War II On June 19, 1964, Republic Act 439 sponsored by Congressman Fernando Veloso under the Fifth Congress of the Republic of the Philippines, was passed converting Samar High School into its present National School status to be known as
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Samar National School
Second World War and Post-War Era
Samar National School. Hence, the Samar national School became the pioneer school of secondary education in Samar.
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Sandra Zaiter
Early life & Paralyzed by accident
Sandra Zaiter Sandra Zaiter (born 21 November 1943) is an actress, television children's show host, singer, composer and former athlete in Puerto Rico. Early life Zaiter was born in the Dominican Republic, of Lebanese Maronite Christian ancestry. Early in her life she participated in church groups, and established her residence in Puerto Rico. Paralyzed by accident She was also a professional diver and swimmer, until she suffered a life-threatening accident in the 1970s, when she hit her head against a rock during a dive at a beach in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. The accident left her paralyzed and since then she
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Sandra Zaiter
Paralyzed by accident & Career
has used a wheelchair. In 1976, she won the local OTI Festival as a composer. Despite her life-changing accident, she continued hosting her children's shows. During the late 1970s, Zaiter's fame grew as she started recording many well-known children's albums as a singer and hosted a daily television show on WRIK Rikalandia/WLUZ. It ran until channel 7 closed its doors temporarily. Career Zaiter participated in the Puerto Rican production of Arriba la Gente. She soon started her television career formally by hosting the Puerto Rican version of Romper Room on WRIK-TV channel 7, then called Rikavisión. Zaiter later moved on
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Sandra Zaiter
Career
to WKAQ-TV, Telemundo, where she starred, produced, wrote, and hosted, alongside Lou Briel and Dagmar, a children's show called Teatrimundo, and later Telecómicas. She is the spokesperson for the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) in Puerto Rico, and an important sponsor of the association's telethon. She is acknowledged by most Puerto Ricans as a hero. In the 1990s Puerto Rican actress and producer Ángela Meyer wrote and produced a drama mini-series titled Gaviota de la Esperanza (The Hope Seagull), based on Zaiter's life. It was broadcast by Telemundo. Zaiter hosts a weekly show called Contra Viento y Marea (Against Wind and Tide),
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Sandra Zaiter
Career & Car accident
broadcast by WIPR-TV. Its purpose is to give guidance and assistance to the handicapped. Zaiter does public appearances, especially for the yearly presentation of the Sandra Zaiter Award to those who have distinguished themselves helping the handicapped. As a surprise to Zaiter, one of Telemundo's studios in Puerto Rico was named after her at the launch of the mid-day show Día a Día con Raymond y Dagmar in 2007. Car accident Zaiter, who despite her injuries has a car driving license, suffered a non-fatal car accident on Monday, October 21, 2019. She was hospitalized in stable condition. The other person
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Sandra Zaiter
Car accident
involved in the car crash was identified as Hiram Roman Claudio, from Caguas.
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Santa and the Three Bears
Plot summary & History
Santa and the Three Bears Plot summary Two young bears, Nikomi and Chinook, know nothing of Christmas until the local park ranger tells them about the legend, and they become curious to meet Santa Claus. Their mother, Nana, is preparing for Winter hibernation and cynically tells her children there is no Santa, but they are determined to believe. Mother finds it impossible to begin their sleep, since the young cubs wish to stay awake until Santa arrives. History The theatrical release of the film contains live-action sequences directed by pornographic film director Barry Mahon, running for around four minutes in
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Santa and the Three Bears
History
total. These sequences feature actor Hal Smith and two young children (Brian Hobbs and Beth Goldfarb) sitting in a cabin and conversing by the fireplace and Christmas tree, and a short montage of mechanical toys, Christmas decorations, and a pet kitten, during the opening and closing credits. The film has been also released by Modern Sound Pictures Inc. with the said sequences cut. Bill Hutten and Tony Love, the film's animators, would later create in 1983 another Christmas television special named The Christmas Tree Train, also starring a bear cub and a park ranger, which span off a line of
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Santa and the Three Bears
History
specials called Buttons & Rusty. The film is currently in the public domain.
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Sara Imari Walker
Education and background & Career
Sara Imari Walker Education and background Walker was born and raised in Connecticut. She studied at the Florida Institute of Technology where she graduated cum laude earning a B.S. in Physics in 2005. She received a Ph.D. in Physics and Astronomy in 2010 from Dartmouth College. Her thesis was Theoretical Models for the Emergence of Biomolecular Homochirality and her doctoral advisor was Marcelo Gleiser. Career After graduating Dartmouth, Walker began a postdoctoral fellowship at the Georgia Institute of Technology working for the NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution. In 2011 she accepted a NASA postdoctoral fellowship with the NASA Astrobiology Institute
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Sara Imari Walker
Career
and began working at Arizona State University (ASU) as an adjunct faculty. In 2013, Walker became an assistant professor and began working for the School of Earth and Space Exploration as well as the Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science at ASU. She became a faculty member for the Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity, as well as a graduate faculty member for the Department of Physics and Complex Systems Initiative at ASU in 2014. In 2015, Walker began a fellowship at the ASU-SFI Center for Biosocial Complex Systems as part of a joint educational and research program between
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Sara Imari Walker
Career & Research & The origin of homochirality
Santa Fe Institute and Arizona State University. Research Walker is a theoretical physicist and astrobiologist with research interests in the origin of life. She seeks to define what life is, how it emerged, and what signs of life might look like on other planets. She uses mathematical models to investigate chemical evolution and the development of networks on Prebiotic Earth. She looks at information flow in biotic and abiotic systems to further define life and its emergence. Some of the highlights of her work in this field so far are: The origin of homochirality Walker has studied the possible mechanisms
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Sara Imari Walker
The origin of homochirality
of the origin of homochirality, which is a key problem in the origin of life. In her research she has used several models such as the Sandars polymerization model, the Langevin equation, and the activation-polymerization-epimerization-depolymerization (APED) model to imitate potential prebiotic conditions for autocatalytic polymerization networks. Walker et al. discovered that only networks with long polymers show potential to produce significant spontaneous asymmetrical chirality in speculative early Earth conditions. Walker and her colleagues, have also shown that the violent environment of prebiotic Earth would have continuously changed the chirality of reaction networks by a mechanism they termed punctuated chirality. This
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Sara Imari Walker
The origin of homochirality & Information flow in biological systems
suggests that the origin of homochirality was not a singular event, and that chiral selection occurred at the same time as the origin of life. Walker and Gleiser also revealed that homochiral proto-domains can form in the middle of racemic networks, and that the slowdown of these networks through processes such as tidal motion or evaporating pools could have led to the stabilization of these structures on early Earth. The results of these simulations have helped to reveal what possibly occurred during the origin of homochiralty, and its effect on the origin of life. Information flow in biological systems One
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Sara Imari Walker
Information flow in biological systems
of the major challenges in studying the origin of life has been the inability to clearly define what life is. In her investigations, Walker has used the flow of information in systems as a means to distinguish life from non-life. She used the Boolean network model, information theory, and other models to discern feasible universal traits for life. It was shown that in biological systems the components are subordinate to the whole, in what is called top-down causation. Furthermore, a logistical model of Walker et al. suggested that major evolutionary transitions, such as the origin of life, could be characterized
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Sara Imari Walker
Information flow in biological systems & Public engagement
by a reverse of information flow in a system from bottom-up to top-down. They also determined that living systems have a separation of data from machinery, and non-trivial replication. Walker has shown theoretically how the occurrence of these biotic traits in an abiotic system present a possible framework for the origin of life. Public engagement Walker is an advocate for the communication of science to the public, and has participated in many interviews, panels, and lectures to discuss her research and topics related to her fields of study. She has had press coverage in dozens of news sources, and been
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Sara Imari Walker
Public engagement
active on multiple media platforms. She appeared on the Discover Channel's "Through the Wormhole with Morgan Freeman” in the episode “Are We Here for a Reason?”. She has made two appearances on National Public Radio's Science Friday. She is a co-founder of the astrobiology social network SAGANet.org, and was a guest scientist on the educational website I'm a Scientist: Get Me Out of Here!.
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Satoru Ienishi
Satoru Ienishi Satoru Ienishi (家西 悟 Ienishi Satoru, born May 6, 1960) is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, a member of the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature). A native of Kyoto Prefecture, he was elected for the first time in 1996.
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Scaphander lignarius
Distribution
Scaphander lignarius Distribution This species is found in European waters and in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Scotty Probasco
Early life
Scotty Probasco Early life Scotty Probasco was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee on November 26, 1928. His family has been involved in banking for ten generations. His grandfather, Harry Scott Probasco (1858-1919), founded the American National Bank, and his father, Scott L. Probasco, Sr. (1890-1962), founded a trust company ultimately bought by SunTrust Banks. Probasco had said that the "Probasco" family were originally Jews from Madrid, Spain who immigrated to the Netherlands and converted to Protestantism; then in the 1600s, they immigrated to the U.S. Both his father and grandfather attended the First Presbyterian Church of Chattanooga, and were devout followers
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Scotty Probasco
Early life & Career & Philanthropy
of Christ. Probasco attended the Baylor School, where he played on the golf team. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History from Dartmouth College and attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Career Probasco considered becoming a preacher, but joined the family business instead. He served as the Chair of the Executive Committee of SunTrust Bank in Chattanooga. He served on the Board of Directors as well as the Audit and Compensation Committees of Chattem, a Chattanooga-based producer and marketer of over-the-counter healthcare products, toiletries, dietary supplements, topical analgesics, and medicated skin care products. Philanthropy Probasco
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Scotty Probasco
Philanthropy
sat on the Board of Trustees of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga as well as its UTC Alumni Council, UT Development Council, and UT Foundation. He has also supported the UT chapter of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes. He endowed the Probasco Chair of Free Enterprise at UT, currently held by Jeff Ray Clark. He received the UTC Alumni Board's Outstanding Service Award. Probasco also donated to the Baylor School, the Chattanooga Chamber of Commerce, the Chattanooga-based Benwood Foundation, Bethel Bible Village, a crisis center for neglected, abused and in-crisis children based in Hixson, Tennessee, the Community Foundation of Greater
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Scotty Probasco
Philanthropy
Chattanooga, and the United Way of Greater Chattanooga. He supported Republican Bill Haslam's gubernatorial campaign in 2010.
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Sebastian Elmaloglou
Background
Sebastian Elmaloglou Background Sebastian trained at the Keane Kids Studios where he studied acting, singing, and dancing. He has worked on numerous stage productions with Sydney Theater Company and Sydney Opera. He made two appearances on G.P. and one on Fallen Angels prior to joining Home and Away. He has also worked on television ads. His brothers, Peter & Dominic Elmaloglou, and his sister Rebekah Elmaloglou have also appeared on Home and Away. Dominic played Sebastian Harrison in 1996, and Rebekah is well known for portraying the role of Sophie Simpson from 1990–2005.
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161,576
Q7443705
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10
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Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
Vice Presidential oath and inaugural address & Photography
Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Vice Presidential oath and inaugural address Before the president was sworn in, Vice President-elect Andrew Johnson took his oath. At the ceremony Johnson, who had been drinking to offset the pain of typhoid fever (as he explained later), gave a rambling address in the Senate chamber and appeared obviously intoxicated. Historian Eric Foner has labeled the inauguration "a disaster for Johnson" and his speech "an unfortunate prelude to Lincoln's memorable second inaugural address." At the time Johnson was ridiculed in the press as a "drunken clown". Photography This was the first inauguration to be extensively
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49
10
192
Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
Photography
photographed, and the pictures have since become iconic. One is widely thought to show John Wilkes Booth, who would later assassinate Lincoln.
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161,577
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631
Seorsumuscardinus
Taxonomy
Seorsumuscardinus Taxonomy In 1992, Thomas Bolliger described some teeth of Seorsumuscardinus from the Swiss locality of Tägernaustrasse (MN 4; early Miocene, see MN zonation) as an indeterminate dormouse (family Gliridae) perhaps related to Eomuscardinus. Six years later, Hans de Bruijn named the new genus and species Seorsumuscardinus alpinus on the basis of material from Oberdorf in Austria (also MN 4) and included fossils from Tägernaustrasse and from Karydia in Greece (MN 4) in Seorsumuscardinus. In 2007, Jerome Prieto and Madeleine Böhme named Heissigia bolligeri as a new genus and species from Affalterbach in Bavaria (MN 5, younger than MN 4),
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161,577
Q7451624
6
631
6
1,306
Seorsumuscardinus
Taxonomy
and referred the Tägernaustrasse material to it, but failed to compare their new genus to Seorsumuscardinus. Two years later, Prieto published a note to compare the two and concluded that they were referable to the same genus, but different species. Thus, the genus Seorsumuscardinus now includes the species Seorsumuscardinus alpinus from MN 4 and S. bolligeri from MN 5. Prieto provisionally placed the Tägernaustrasse material with S. alpinus. He also mentioned Pentaglis földváry, a name given to a single upper molar from the middle Miocene of Hungary, which is now lost. Although the specimen shows some similarities with Seorsumuscardinus, published illustrations are
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161,577
Q7451624
6
1,306
6
1,960
Seorsumuscardinus
Taxonomy
too poor to confirm the identity of Pentaglis, and Prieto considered the latter name to be an unidentifiable nomen dubium. Because of its derived and specialized morphology, the relationships of Seorsumuscardinus are obscure. However, it shows some similarities with Muscardinus, a genus which includes the living hazel dormouse, and may share a common ancestor with it, such as the earlier fossil genus Glirudinus. All three are part of the dormouse family, which includes many extinct forms dating back to the early Eocene (around 50 million years ago), as well as a smaller array of living species. The generic name Seorsumuscardinus combines
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161,577
Q7451624
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1,960
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298
Seorsumuscardinus
Taxonomy & Upper dentition
the Latin seorsum, which means "different", with Muscardinus and the specific name alpinus refers to the occurrence of S. alpinus close to the Alps. Heissigia honored paleontologist Kurt Heissig for his work in Bavaria on the occasion of his 65th birthday and bolligeri honors Thomas Bolliger for his early description of material of this dormouse. Upper dentition The fourth upper premolar (P4) has four main, transversely placed crests; the description of S. bolligeri mentions an additional, centrally placed small crest. De Bruijn interpreted the four main crests as the anteroloph, protoloph, metaloph, and posteroloph from front to back and wrote that these
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Q7451624
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10
897
Seorsumuscardinus
Upper dentition
crests are not connected on the sides of the tooth. Prieto and Böhme note that the posteroloph is convex on the back margin of the tooth. In Muscardinus, the number of ridges on P4 ranges from five in Muscardinus sansaniensis to two in M. pliocaenicus and the living hazel dormouse, but the protoloph and metaloph are always connected on the lingual (inner) side of the tooth. P4 is two-rooted in S. alpinus and three-rooted in S. bolligeri. The first upper molar (M1) was described as square by De Bruijn and as rounded by Prieto and Böhme. There are five main transverse crests, which are
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Q7451624
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10
1,473
Seorsumuscardinus
Upper dentition
mostly isolated, but some may be connected on the borders of the teeth. The middle crest, the centroloph, reaches to the labial (outer) margin in the single known M1 of S. bolligeri, but does not in any of the five M1 of S. alpinus. The front crest, the anteroloph, is less distinct in S. bolligeri than most S. alpinus, but one M1 of S. alpinus is similar to that of S. bolligeri. M1 has three roots in S. alpinus, but the number of roots in S. bolligeri is not known. Prieto and Böhme describe M2 as less rounded than M1 and De Bruijn notes that the crests are more
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161,577
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1,473
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2,015
Seorsumuscardinus
Upper dentition
parallel. In addition to the five main crests, small crests are present in front of and behind the centroloph that do not cover the full width of the tooth. In one S. bolligeri M2, there is a small crest on the lingual side in front of the centroloph, but such a crest does not occur in any S. alpinus. Another M2 of S. bolligeri has this crest on the labial side. On the other hand, all five M2 of S. alpinus have a minor crest on the labial side behind the centroloph. In two M2 of S. alpinus, the centroloph and the metaloph are connected
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161,577
Q7451624
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2,015
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Seorsumuscardinus
Upper dentition & Lower dentition
by a longitudinal crest, which is never present in S. bolligeri. There are three roots. M3 is known from a single specimen each from Oberdorf, Affalterbach, and Tägernaustrasse. In addition to the main crests, there are two or three additional smaller crests. The roots are unknown. Lower dentition The fourth lower premolar (p4) is known from a poorly preserved specimen from Oberdorf and a less worn specimen from Tägernaustrasse. There are four ridges, of which the front and back pair are connected at the lingual side and in the Oberdorf specimen also at the labial side. This tooth is similar to that
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161,577
Q7451624
14
307
14
917
Seorsumuscardinus
Lower dentition
of Muscardinus hispanicus, but the front pair is better developed. There is one root. The first lower molar (m1) bears four main crests and a smaller one between the two crests at the back. An additional crest (the anterotropid) is present between the two front crests, the anterolophid and the metalophid, in S. alpinus, but not in S. bolligeri. The occlusal pattern of m2 resembles that of m1. S. bolligeri also lacks an anterotropid on m2, but the tooth is not known from Oberdorf. In a worn m2 from Tägernaustrasse, there is a thickened portion in the labial part of the anterolophid, which Prieto
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161,577
Q7451624
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917
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Seorsumuscardinus
Lower dentition & Range
interpreted as a remnant of the anterotropid; this led him to identify the Tägernaustrasse population as S. cf. alpinus. Only Oberdorf has yielded the m3 of Seorsumuscardinus. It resembles the m1 and has a short anterotropid, but has more oblique crests. In S. alpinus, the lower molars have two and occasionally three roots. The roots of the m1 of S. bolligeri are not preserved and the m2 has two roots. Range In MN 4, Seorsumuscardinus has been recorded from Oberdorf, Austria (sites 3 and 4, which yielded 6 and 17 Seorsumuscardinus alpinus teeth, respectively); Karydia, Greece (S. alpinus); and Tägernaustrasse, Switzerland (5 teeth;
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161,577
Q7451624
18
227
18
682
Seorsumuscardinus
Range
S. cf. alpinus). Affalterbach, Germany, where 10 teeth of S. bolligeri were found, is the only known MN 5 locality. In all these localities, it is part of a diverse dormouse fauna. Because the distributions of the two known species are temporally distinct, Prieto suggested that the genus may be useful for biostratigraphy (the use of fossils to determine the age of deposits). Seorsumuscardinus occurred at the same time as the oldest known Muscardinus.
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161,578
Q7461233
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0
6
638
Shah Alam Expressway
Overview
Shah Alam Expressway Overview The Shah Alam Expressway is an alternative to the congested Federal Highway, and a motorist on the expressway can practically travel to any part of the Klang Valley as it connects to a wide range of highway networks such as the Damansara–Puchong Expressway, North–South Expressway Central Link, North–South Expressway, Maju Expressway, New Klang Valley Expressway, Kemuning–Shah Alam Highway and the Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway. Given its high accessibility in connectivity, the Shah Alam Expressway is a popular travelling mode and over one million motorists ply the route on a daily basis, of which 66% are using the toll-free
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161,578
Q7461233
6
638
14
147
Shah Alam Expressway
Overview & Konsortium Expressway Shah Alam Selangor & Construction
stretch. The Shah Alam Expressway starts at kilometre 18 near Pandamaran Interchange in Klang, Selangor. Konsortium Expressway Shah Alam Selangor The Konsortium Expressway Shah Alam Selangor Sdn Bhd (KESAS) is a join consortium between Selangor State Development Corporation (PKNS), Gamuda Berhad, Arab Malaysian Development Berhad (AMDB) and Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB). The company was formed on 3 September 1993 to finance, design, construct, operate, maintain and collect toll for the Shah Alam Expressway for 28 years and 9 months. Construction Construction of the expressway began on 1994. Phase 1 (Seafield–Sri Petaling) was completed in 1996 and Phase 2 (Seafield–Pandamaran) was completed
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161,578
Q7461233
14
147
14
484
Shah Alam Expressway
Construction
in 1998. During the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, the expressway became a gateway to National Sports Complex in Bukit Jalil. The expressway formerly featured its own electronic toll collection system, known as the "Express TAG". From 1 July 2004, the Express TAG was replaced by the Touch 'n Go and Smart Tag systems.
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161,579
Q4520121
2
0
6
613
Shanghai Volunteer Corps
History
Shanghai Volunteer Corps History The Shanghai Volunteer Corps was created on 12 April 1853 during the Small Swords Society's uprising. It saw action alongside British and American military units in the 1854 'Battle of the Muddy Flat', when Qing imperial troops besieging the rebel-held city ignored foreign demands to move further away from the foreign concessions. Concerned that the Qing forces were drawing rebel fire into the settlements, the foreign consuls and military commanders authorised an attack on the Qing forces to dislodge them. The operation was successful, and the battle was thereafter commemorated as an important event in the
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161,579
Q4520121
6
613
6
1,173
Shanghai Volunteer Corps
History
history of the SVC. The Corps was disbanded in 1855 but reestablished in 1861. In 1870 the Shanghai Municipal Council took over the running of the SVC . The unit was mobilised in 1900 for the Boxer Rebellion and in 1914 for the First World War. In 1916 the British recruited Chinese to serve in the Chinese Labour Corps for service in rear areas on the Western Front to free troops for front line duty. Many members of the SVC served as officers in the CLC. In 1910 the German contingent consisted of one regular company ("Prinz Heinrich Kompangie")
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161,579
Q4520121
6
1,173
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70
Shanghai Volunteer Corps
History & Symbols
and one reserve company. When the First World War broke out at least forty of the German volunteers in Shanghai left to join the 7. Kompagnie of the III. Seebataillon in the defence of Tsingtao. At various times during its history the Shanghai Volunteer Corps included Scottish, American, Chinese, Italian, Austro-Hungarian, Danish, German, Filipino, Jewish, Portuguese, Japanese, White Russian, and Eurasian companies, amongst others. British War Office supplied weapons and a commanding officer. The German and the Austro-Hungarian companies were disbanded in 1917 when China declared war on Germany. Symbols Prior to 1914 some of the national contingents wore distinctive parade
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161,579
Q4520121
10
70
10
677
Shanghai Volunteer Corps
Symbols
uniforms at their own expense, modelled on those of their respective armies. 'While the uniforms of each company differed in many ways, each made use of the Cap badge of the SVC which consisted of an eight-pointed Brunswick star with the letters "SVC" and the date "4th April 1854" in a scroll underneath. The official seal of the Volunteer Corps was different however and consisted of the Municipal Council seal as approved in 1868 on a gold Brunswick star and was exactly the same except the council title and motto was replaced with "Shanghai Volunteer Corps" and the Prussian flag (representing
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161,579
Q4520121
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677
10
1,301
Shanghai Volunteer Corps
Symbols
Germany) was retained even when it was removed from the council flag after 1917. The insignia of the companies also differed: the German Company, "Prinz Heinrich Kompagnie", wore a crowned "H" monogram on their shoulder straps for Prince Heinrich of Prussia (Kaiser Wilhelm II's younger brother and commander of the German East Asia Squadron, 1899-1903), and the Jewish Company, who wore collar insignia consisting of a Star of David with "SVC" in the centre. The Portuguese Company wore red collar tabs, as worn by the Portuguese Army, and had the distinction of being the only SVC unit to be decorated by
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161,579
Q4520121
10
1,301
14
357
Shanghai Volunteer Corps
Symbols & Disbandment
any government, when on 5 October 1932, the Portuguese Minister to China presented the Company with the Military Order of Christ. Disbandment The SVC was disbanded early in 1942 after the Japanese took over the International Settlement. The decision was formally made by the still existing Shanghai Municipal Council who held a reception to mark the placing of the Corps' colours "in a place of dignity and honour" in the Council chambers. A 'Centenary Dinner' was held in Hong Kong on 2 April 1954.
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161,580
Q49002446
2
0
6
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Shimenolepis
Plates
Shimenolepis Plates Shimenolepis plates are very similar to the early Devonian yunnanolepid Zhanjilepis, also known from distinctively ornamented plates.
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161,581
Q11529640
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Shogo Matsuo
Playing career
Shogo Matsuo Playing career Shogo Matsuo played for Arte Takasaki, AC Nagano Parceiro and FC Ryukyu from 2010 to 2015.
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161,582
Q7525390
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Sione Po'uha
Early life & College career
Sione Po'uha Early life Pouha began playing football at the young age of nine. Pouha attended East High School in Salt Lake City, Utah, where he was a two-year first-team all-region player and captained East High's state championship team in 1996. He earned USA Today honorable mention All-American honors as senior in 1996 and was a Deseret News and Salt Lake Tribune first-team all-state selection. Pouha signed a letter of intent with Utah in 1997, then left on a Mormon mission to Pittsburgh. College career In his senior season at Utah, Pouha earned All-Mountain West Conference first-team honors and was
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161,582
Q7525390
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18
28
Sione Po'uha
College career & 2005 & 2006
named USA Today All-America honorable mention after starting ten games, recording 36 tackles, four passes defended and one interception, and helped lead Urban Meyer's Utes to the 2005 Fiesta Bowl. Pouha had never considered playing beyond the college level; however, during his senior season he changed his mind after receiving a phone call from an agent. 2005 Pouha, who was considered a "project" player, was drafted by the New York Jets in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft. Pouha appeared in fourteen games as a rookie, recording ten tackles and one pass defended. 2006 Following his rookie season,
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161,582
Q7525390
18
28
30
68
Sione Po'uha
2006 & 2007 & 2008 & 2009
Pouha suffered a torn ACL on the fourth day of training camp and was subsequently knocked out for the entire 2006 football year. 2007 Motivated following his ACL injury which eliminated him for all of 2006, Pouha played in all sixteen games during the season, starting one game. Pouha recorded 39 tackles and had one pass defended. 2008 Pouha once again appeared in all of the team's sixteen matchups, recording 23 tackles, and recorded his first half-sack of his career against New England Patriots quarterback Matt Cassel. 2009 Pouha went into the 2009 season as the back-up defensive tackle. Six
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161,582
Q7525390
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Sione Po'uha
2009 & 2010
games into the season, the Jets lost Pro Bowl starter Kris Jenkins who suffered a torn ACL. The injury would thrust Pouha into the spotlight as he became the team's starting nose tackle, starting the team's next thirteen games. Pouha achieved multiple career highs, starting a career-high fourteen games and making a career 61 tackles, 34 of which were solo. Pouha and teammate Mike DeVito helped improve the rushing defense from twenty-first to fourth overall in the NFL. Pouha and the team entered the postseason until falling against the Indianapolis Colts in the AFC Championship. 2010 Pouha started the first
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161,582
Q7525390
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23
38
10
Sione Po'uha
2010 & 2011
game of the 2010 season alongside a returning Kris Jenkins. Six plays into the team's Monday night home opener against the Baltimore Ravens, Jenkins once again suffered a season-ending torn ACL. Pouha, again, assumed Jenkins' role as nose tackle alongside teammates Mike DeVito and Howard Green. Pouha was considered to be an excellent run-stopper and, as the season progressed, the team liked to see Pouha more involved in pass-rushing and getting to the quarterback. Pouha and the Jets made the postseason for the second straight year but lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship. 2011 In Week 14
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161,582
Q7525390
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Sione Po'uha
2011 & 2012 & Coaching career
of the 2011 NFL season, Pouha tackled running back Jackie Battle in the end zone for a safety vs the Kansas City Chiefs. The Jets finished 8-8 that year. 2012 Po'uha was diagnosed with a back strain during the 2012 season and missed some games because of it. The Jets finished with a 6-10 record that season. Po'uha was released by the Jets on March 12, 2013. Coaching career Po'uha began his coaching career at the University of Utah as a student-assistant coach in 2015 and 2016, followed by being the director of football player development in 2017. In 2018,
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161,582
Q7525390
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482
Sione Po'uha
Coaching career & Personal
he became the defensive tackles coach at the United States Naval Academy. After one season at Navy, he returned to Utah as the defensive line coach for 2019. Personal Pouha was born to Sonasi and Susana Pouha. He married his college sweetheart, Keiti Kaufusi Pouha, while he was still attending the University of Utah. The couple have four children, two sons, Viliami and Sonasi; and two daughters, Leilani and Kesaia. Pouha's parents were immigrants from Tonga. Pouha majored in behavior science and health. Pouha created a beverage business named Bula. Pouha has described the beverage as a "relaxation drink" that is a combination
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161,582
Q7525390
50
482
50
751
Sione Po'uha
Personal
of kava and valerian root. The drink is currently sold online and in stores in northern California. For a time Po'uha served as bishop of the Bountiful 6th Ward, a Tongan-language ward in Tonga. He has also served as a seminary and institute teacher in the LDS Church.
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161,583
Q33110224
2
0
4
543
Skalunda
Skalunda Skalunda is a village in Västergötland, Sweden and the site of Skalunda Barrow (Swedish: Skalunda hög), a historic burial mound. Hög, from the Old Norse word haugr, means mound or barrow. The modern English cognate, still in use, is "howe", "how", or "hoo", as in Sutton Hoo. At the church, there are two runestones and to the west of the church there is the Barrow of Skalunda which is the largest one in Västergötland. Skalunda Barrow is one of the larger barrows in Scandinavia. It measures 65 metres across and it is 7 metres
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161,583
Q33110224
4
543
8
241
Skalunda
History
high. Next to the barrow there is a stone circle. This suggests that Skalunda was an important location dating to the Iron Age. Skalunda was one of the eight royal estates of early medieval Västergötland (cf. Uppsala öd). Moreoever, the names of two homesteads, Lagmansgården and Lagmanstorp, in the neighbourhood show that the Geatish lawspeakers used to reside at Skalunda. History Birger Nerman, a Swedish archaeology professor and director of the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities, considered the Barrow of Skalunda to be the most likely burial site of the hero Beowulf, a legendary Geatish king. Skalunda is not far
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161,583
Q33110224
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241
8
446
Skalunda
History
from a place called Årnäs, which is the same name as Earnaness where the hero died in the epic Beowulf, and it is located on a major promontory and near a minor one. The barrow has not yet been excavated.
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161,584
Q916989
2
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613
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Formation and growth
Socialist Alliance (Australia) Formation and growth Socialist Alliance was founded in 2001 as a loose alliance of socialist organisations and individuals. The project was initiated by the Democratic Socialist Perspective and the International Socialist Organisation along with 6 other founding socialist organisations, to create greater left unity in the aftermath of the S11 protests of the World Economic Forum in Melbourne on 11–13 September 2000. Many non-aligned socialists were attracted by the idea of left unity, and soon after its formation Socialist Alliance grew to a point where a majority of its members were not members of any of the affiliate
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161,584
Q916989
6
613
10
713
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Formation and growth & Debate on form
organisations. Debate on form In response to this growth, the Democratic Socialist Perspective and many non-aligned members won a majority at successive national conferences for measures that would move Socialist Alliance in the direction of becoming a united socialist party, rather than simply an alliance of groups and individuals. Most of the affiliate organisations, however, in particular the International Socialist Organisation, preferred to keep Socialist Alliance as a broad left-wing electoral front for socialist organisations and individuals. In late 2003, the Democratic Socialist Party resolved to become "a Marxist tendency in the Socialist Alliance", renaming itself the "Democratic Socialist Perspective" as a
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161,584
Q916989
10
713
10
1,439
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Debate on form
step towards turning the Socialist Alliance into a "Multi-Tendency Socialist Party". This move was supported by some 75% of conference delegates at Socialist Alliance's national conference that year, although other affiliates remained opposed. The 2005 National Conference saw the emergence of a number of particularly sharp political differences. These centred on: the extent to which Socialist Alliance should criticise the Australian Labor Party; whether the organisation should have a formal relationship with the newspaper associated with the Democratic Socialist perspective, Green Left Weekly, as a step towards Socialist Alliance itself having its own newspaper; and whether non-aligned members should have an
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161,584
Q916989
10
1,439
14
629
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Debate on form & Mergers and withdrawals
automatic majority on the organisation's national executive. Mergers and withdrawals Following this conference three of the leading members of a "Non-Aligned Caucus" and most of the active affiliate organisations gradually withdrew from the Socialist Alliance. The "Non Aligned Caucus" was an ad hoc grouping of members who weren't aligned to any affiliated organisation which formed in the lead up to the 2003 national conference. In January 2010, the Democratic Socialist Perspective voted to merge into the Socialist Alliance, in effect ceasing to exist as an affiliate organisation. In September 2012 the Socialist Alliance initiated unity discussions with Socialist Alternative, the other main
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161,584
Q916989
14
629
14
1,394
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Mergers and withdrawals
group on the Australian far-left. At the time, Socialist Alternative were in unity discussions with the Revolutionary Socialist Party (Australia) which led to a merger in early 2013. After approximately a year of leadership discussions, joint forums and participation by Socialist Alliance at Socialist Alternative's Marxism conference, the Socialist Alternative leadership publicly announced that they were pulling out unity discussions in November 2013, but remained open to ongoing collaboration. Socialist Alternative claimed the Socialist Alliance's approach to a transitional program and electoral politics was "not sufficiently similar to carry through a sustained and productive unity." While the Socialist Alliance welcomed the opportunity
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161,584
Q916989
14
1,394
14
2,151
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Mergers and withdrawals
for ongoing collaboration, it was critical of Socialist Alternative's reasons for withdrawal. Leading Socialist Alliance member Dave Holmes accused the Socialist Alternative of "sticking with its very narrow, propagandist view of socialist politics" rather than seeking to unite to appeal to socialists more broadly. The Socialist Alliance published the full correspondence on the unity discussions in its discussion bulletin, Alliance Voices. At its national conference in 2014, the socialist youth organisation Resistance voted to merge with the Socialist Alliance and become its official youth organisation. The new organisation renamed itself Resistance: Young Socialist Alliance. Resistance elects its own leadership body to coordinate
{"datasets_id": 161584, "wiki_id": "Q916989", "sp": 14, "sc": 2151, "ep": 18, "ec": 618}
161,584
Q916989
14
2,151
18
618
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Mergers and withdrawals & Victorian Socialists
the party's youth work and organise its youth conference, Radical Ideas. Victorian Socialists On the 5th of February 2018, it was announced that Socialist Alliance, the Socialist Alternative, community activists and trade unionists would work together to form an electoral alliance named the Victorian Socialists in order to contest the 2018 Victorian state election. The leading candidates for the Northern Metropolitan Region included Yarra councillor Stephen Jolly, and also featured Moreland councillor Sue Bolton (Socialist Alliance) and asbestos lawyer Colleen Bolger (Socialist Alternative). Socialist Alliance's Tim Gooden, former Geelong Trades Hall Secretary and CFMEU organiser, led the ticket for the
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161,584
Q916989
18
618
22
270
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Victorian Socialists & Branches and membership numbers
Western Victoria Region. Although the party gained 4.6% of the vote, the highest of any minor party in the Northern Metropolitan Region, it failed to win a seat following preference deals. The Victorian Socialists ran candidates in the electorates of Calwell, Wills, and Cooper during the 2019 federal election, gaining 4.6%, 4.5%, and 4.2% of the vote respectively. Branches and membership numbers In addition to having branches in major capital cities Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide, Canberra, and Hobart, the Socialist Alliance also maintains branches in and around a number of regional centres, including in Newcastle, Armidale, Darwin, Fremantle, and
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161,584
Q916989
22
270
22
1,023
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Branches and membership numbers
Geelong. The Socialist Alliance also has individual members spread across rural and regional Australia. The Socialist Alliance is a registered political party at a federal level, and annually maintains electoral registration in New South Wales and in Victoria. Federal registration requires 500 members, Victorian registration also requires 500 members in Victoria, and 750 members are needed for NSW registration. These figures reflect electorally registered members, however, and may not be an accurate measure of active or financial membership. A Socialist Alliance Perspectives resolution published in Alliance Voices in February 2012, suggests a membership figure of approximately 600, making it the largest organisation on
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161,584
Q916989
22
1,023
26
375
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Branches and membership numbers & Publications
the Australian far-left - approximately twice the size of the next-largest group, Socialist Alternative. Socialist Alliance members are generally organised in branches of at least 7 financial members, however the party Constitution allows for “at large” members living in areas with no nearby branch structure to join. Publications The Socialist Alliance website carries all of the organisation's press releases, public statements and articles by members, as well as the Constitution and a detailed set of policy documents. Socialist Alliance local councillors Sam Wainwright and Sue Bolton also maintain the individual websites (Sam's Freo Report and Sue's Moreland Report). In addition to material
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161,584
Q916989
26
375
26
1,035
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Publications
published on the party website, in 2012 the Socialist Alliance produced a draft programmatic document called "Towards a Socialist Australia", which was made available both online and in print form. This was not intended to be a final document, but rather as a means of starting “a broad discussion about socialism we will advance and further unite the socialist movement in Australia.” The Socialist Alliance internal discussion bulletin Alliance Voices is published online and is publicly available as a downloadable file on an ad hoc basis. The newspaper Green Left Weekly – which is politically associated with the Socialist Alliance – runs
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161,584
Q916989
26
1,035
26
1,691
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Publications
a weekly Socialist Alliance column called "Our Common Cause". The Socialist Alliance also has a close working relationship with Links – International Journal of Socialist Renewal. The Brisbane local newspaper The Westender has also run a column written by the Socialist Alliance, and its members have been published on sites such as ABC's The Drum and Online Opinion. For around one year the Socialist Alliance published a quarterly journal, Seeing Red, the final issue of which came out in March 2006. The Socialist Alliance and its members have also published a large number of pamphlets and books, primarily through Resistance Books, on
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161,584
Q916989
26
1,691
34
11
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Publications & Victoria & Council
a range of historical, political and social justice issues. Victoria The Socialist Alliance first ran in the 2002 Victorian state election, securing 3,274 votes or 0.11% of the vote. In 2006, the party's vote dropped to 1,102 or 0.04%. In 2010 the party won 1,787 votes, or 0.06%. The results were stable for the next election in 2014 at 1,728 votes, 0.05% of the vote. For the 2018 election, the Socialist Alliance ran as part of the Victorian Socialists, which won 15,442 votes (0.44%) in the Legislative Assembly and 32,603 votes (0.91%) in the Legislative Council. Council In the 2004
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161,584
Q916989
34
11
34
687
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Council
Victorian local government elections, Socialist Alliance did relatively well in two councils in Melbourne. In the Moreland City Council elections, two candidates exceeded 4%. In the election in the Boroondara City Council, a Socialist Alliance candidate won over 12% of the vote (in the absence of an Australian Labor Party-endorsed candidate) in Cotham ward. The 2008 Victorian local government election results were also positive. The Socialist Alliance polled almost 19% in the Stoney Creek ward of the Melbourne municipality of Maribyrnong and polled over 10% in all wards bar one that it contested across the state. In October 2009 the Socialist Alliance
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161,584
Q916989
34
687
38
121
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Council & Grassroots campaigning
won its first election when Sam Wainwright was elected for the Hilton Ward of the Fremantle City Council. In October 2013, Sam Wainwright was re-elected to Fremantle's Hilton Ward with an outright majority of 58.33%. In October 2012 the Socialist won its second election when Sue Bolton was elected to Moreland City Council in Melbourne's northern suburbs. Bolton and Wainwright, along with the Victorian Socialists Stephen Jolly in Yarra Council, are currently the only politicians in Australia elected on an explicitly socialist platform. Grassroots campaigning While Socialist Alliance, its affiliates and non-aligned members continue to put forward and argue for socialist politics
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161,584
Q916989
38
121
38
828
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Grassroots campaigning
in the electoral arena, the organisation places a stronger emphasis on building successful grassroots campaigns as a way of promoting socialist politics. In the recent unity discussions with Socialist Alternative, the Socialist Alliance re-emphasised its support for this “transitional method” towards campaigns, arguing that campaign work is key to leading people to understanding the need to transform the whole capitalist system. Socialist Alliance has been involved in a broad range of campaigns since its formation, reflecting both its own developing political orientation, as well as the activities and politics of its affiliates. These include in trade union movement, education, and climate
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161,584
Q916989
38
828
42
356
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Grassroots campaigning & Industrial
change movements, as well as numerous other grass roots campaigns including refugee rights, same-sex marriage rights, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights, climate change, and international solidarity with movements such as the Palestinian struggle for national self-determination, the Bolivarian Revolution in Latin America, and social-justice and pro-democracy movements in South East Asia. Industrial Socialist Alliance places great importance on strengthening the union movement, with members active in a range of unions including, amongst others, the Australian Services Union, the Australian Education Union, the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, the Australian Nursing Federation, the Community and Public Sector Union, the Construction, Forestry,
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161,584
Q916989
42
356
42
1,035
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Industrial
Mining and Energy Union, the Electrical Trades Union, the Finance Sector Union, the National Tertiary Education Union, the National Union of Workers, the New South Wales Teachers Federation, the Rail, Tram and Bus Industry Union, the Transport Workers Union and United Voice. In line with its criticism that the ALP is holding back and bureaucratising the union movement, Socialist Alliance encourages workers and unions to become independent of the ALP, to strengthen democracy in the unions and to set up a "new workers' party". However, it also works alongside rank-and-file union members on industrial campaigns, regardless of political affiliation. In 2005
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161,584
Q916989
42
1,035
42
1,785
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Industrial
and 2006, the Socialist Alliance initiated and helped organise trade union "fight-back" conferences, in response to the Federal Government's "WorkChoices" legislation, attracting hundreds of union militants and members of other socialist groups. The Socialist Alliance was involved in the Your Rights at Work campaign against WorkChoices that followed, as well as the campaign to abolish the Australian Building and Construction Commission (ABCC). Socialist Alliance has been highly critical of the Australian Labour Party's industrial policy for not returning enough rights to workers and for retaining the ABCC, describing the Rudd government's Fair Work Australia as little more than "WorkChoices-lite". Notable Socialist Alliance
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161,584
Q916989
42
1,785
46
243
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Industrial & Anti-war and civil liberties
trade union leaders have included Chris Cain, Western Australian State Secretary of the Maritime Union of Australia; Tim Gooden, former secretary of the Geelong Trades and Labour Council; and Craig Johnston, former Victorian State Secretary of the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, who was jailed for 9 months in 2004 after an industrial dispute at Johnson Tiles in 2001. Anti-war and civil liberties Socialist Alliance is opposed to US and Australian military interventions such as the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Socialist Alliance, its affiliates and members played a central role in the campaigns against these wars in 2001 and 2013.
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161,584
Q916989
46
243
46
911
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Anti-war and civil liberties
Socialist Alliance also played a leading role in founding the Stop the War Coalition in a number of cities, and organising protests in the years that followed. Socialist Alliance members are also active in promoting the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel. Socialist Alliance opposes the "war on terror", claiming that it leads to increased racism against Arab and Muslim communities, and to government policies that threaten civil liberties. Socialist Alliance members were central to organising the protests in Sydney against APEC in 2007, and the visit of Pope Benedict XVI in 2008, in the face of increased police powers that
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161,584
Q916989
46
911
50
430
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
Anti-war and civil liberties & The environment
were heavily criticised for violating civil liberties. The party conducts this work alongside other activist and community groups as well as individual activists in broader coalitions like the Stop the War Coalition, and the Gaza Defence Committee. The environment Socialist Alliance is involved in a variety of campaigns around environmental issues, most notably climate change, helping to organise the 2006 Walk Against Warming rallies in some cities, and producing detailed policies on combating climate change which have been created through an open wiki process with broad membership input. Since the 2007 Federal Election, the environmental website VoteClimate has rated Socialist Alliance
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161,584
Q916989
50
430
54
68
Socialist Alliance (Australia)
The environment & Indigenous rights
environmental policy number 1 (ahead of the Greens). Socialist Alliance members also helped to organise the Climate Action Summit in Canberra on 31 January – 1 February 2009, and is involved in building the new national Climate Action Network that grew out of that summit. Socialist Alliance argues that no solution to the crisis caused by global warming is possible without overthrowing capitalism, and criticises market mechanisms such as carbon trading as being unworkable, profit-driven and reinforcing the capitalist relations that it alleges caused the pollution to begin with. Indigenous rights Socialist Alliance has played a role in recent campaigns for justice