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{"datasets_id": 161527, "wiki_id": "Q7084433", "sp": 14, "sc": 389, "ep": 18, "ec": 4} | 161,527 | Q7084433 | 14 | 389 | 18 | 4 | Old Main (University of Wyoming) | Later changes & Context | This remodeling drastically changed the building's interior and did not match the original style. The auditorium was replaced by a large central staircase and two stories of office space still in use today. The 1949 remodeling also officially changed the buildings name to Old Main. The office of the president was remodeled at this time and remains much unchanged today.
Originally the entrances to Old Main were elevated above ground level so that visitors would ascend to the first floor before entering the building; they were modified in 1949 so that visitors now enter down to the basement level. Context Two |
{"datasets_id": 161527, "wiki_id": "Q7084433", "sp": 18, "sc": 3, "ep": 18, "ec": 643} | 161,527 | Q7084433 | 18 | 3 | 18 | 643 | Old Main (University of Wyoming) | Context | Wyoming structures which could most be considered contemporary to Old Main are the Union Pacific Train Depot (1886) in Cheyenne, and the State Capitol building (construction began in 1887) also in Cheyenne. At the time of construction, Old Main would have had a similar level of importance to the Wyoming Territory as the other two structures. Because of their importance to the history of Wyoming and their architectural significance, these two buildings are now listed with the National Register of Historic Places.
Together these three structures show that the 1880s were a time of excitement, growth, and change. Shortly after |
{"datasets_id": 161527, "wiki_id": "Q7084433", "sp": 18, "sc": 643, "ep": 22, "ec": 514} | 161,527 | Q7084433 | 18 | 643 | 22 | 514 | Old Main (University of Wyoming) | Context & Influence | the construction of Old Main, the state of Wyoming was accepted to the union in 1890. Influence Old Main had a strong influence on the direction of architecture on the University of Wyoming campus. It heavily influenced later campus construction, visible from the similar use of native stone on virtually every building and the similar three portal design used on buildings such as Half Acre Gymnasium. University structures built today use modern construction techniques and materials such as steel but still incorporate a rough-cut sandstone façade, resulting in a uniform architecture throughout the campus. |
{"datasets_id": 161528, "wiki_id": "Q532567", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 606} | 161,528 | Q532567 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 606 | Olympia Press | Olympia Press Olympia Press was a Paris-based publisher, launched in 1953 by Maurice Girodias as a rebranded version of the Obelisk Press he inherited from his father Jack Kahane. It published a mix of erotic fiction and avant-garde literary fiction, and is best known for the first print of Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita.
It specialized in books which could not be published (without legal action) in the English-speaking world, and correctly assumed that the French, who were unable to read the books, and were more sexually tolerant, would leave them alone. They were books to buy if your travels took you through |
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{"datasets_id": 161528, "wiki_id": "Q532567", "sp": 4, "sc": 606, "ep": 4, "ec": 1295} | 161,528 | Q532567 | 4 | 606 | 4 | 1,295 | Olympia Press | Paris.
94 Olympia Press publications were promoted and packaged as "Traveller's Companion" books, usually with simple text-only covers, and each book in the series was numbered. The "Ophelia Press" line of erotica was far larger, using the same design, but pink covers instead of green.
Olympia Press was the first publisher willing to print William S. Burroughs's avant-garde, sexually explicit Naked Lunch, which soon became famous. Other notable works included J. P. Donleavy's The Ginger Man; Samuel Beckett's French trilogy Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable; Henry Miller's trilogy The Rosy Crucifixion, consisting of Sexus, Nexus and Plexus; A Tale of Satisfied |
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{"datasets_id": 161528, "wiki_id": "Q532567", "sp": 4, "sc": 1295, "ep": 4, "ec": 1972} | 161,528 | Q532567 | 4 | 1,295 | 4 | 1,972 | Olympia Press | Desire by Georges Bataille; Story of O by Pauline Réage; Terry Southern and Mason Hoffenberg's Candy; and a critical book on Scientology, Inside Scientology/Dianetics by Robert Kaufman. The South African poet Sinclair Beiles was an editor at the publisher. Other authors included Alexander Trocchi, Iris Owens (Harriet Daimler) and John Stevenson (Marcus Van Heller).
Girodias had troubled dealings with his authors including copyright issues; Nabokov was not satisfied with the publisher and its reputation, and another long-running dispute over the rights to The Ginger Man ended with Donleavy's then-wife Mary buying out Girodias at what was intended to be a closed |
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{"datasets_id": 161528, "wiki_id": "Q532567", "sp": 4, "sc": 1972, "ep": 4, "ec": 2642} | 161,528 | Q532567 | 4 | 1,972 | 4 | 2,642 | Olympia Press | auction. Having to leave France because he managed to annoy powerful people, Girodias briefly reestablished Olympia Press in New York in the 1960s, and in London in the early 1970s.
Grove Press in the U.S. would later print The Olympia Reader, a best-selling anthology containing material from some of Olympia's most popular works, including material by Burroughs, Miller, Trocchi and others. Another well-known collection was The Best of Olympia, first published by the Olympia Press in 1963 and reprinted by New English Library in 1966.
Other incarnations of the company, some with Girodias' support, emerged in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. |
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{"datasets_id": 161528, "wiki_id": "Q532567", "sp": 4, "sc": 2642, "ep": 4, "ec": 2749} | 161,528 | Q532567 | 4 | 2,642 | 4 | 2,749 | Olympia Press | Olympia Press has been re-established and is currently operating out of Washington, London, and Frankfurt. |
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{"datasets_id": 161529, "wiki_id": "Q5087202", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 559} | 161,529 | Q5087202 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 559 | One San Jacinto Plaza (El Paso) | One San Jacinto Plaza | One San Jacinto Plaza (El Paso) One San Jacinto Plaza One San Jacinto Plaza is a 20-story office high-rise building located at 201 East Main Drive in Downtown El Paso, Texas. It is a very prominent part of the El Paso skyline and is most visible heading eastbound on I-10. It is the second tallest skyscraper in El Paso, behind Wells Fargo Plaza. Currently, among its tenants are restaurants, healthcare groups, law offices, accounting firms, family offices, insurance companies, and financial institutions. It was built in the international style of architecture, which was very popular during the time period in |
{"datasets_id": 161529, "wiki_id": "Q5087202", "sp": 6, "sc": 559, "ep": 6, "ec": 1167} | 161,529 | Q5087202 | 6 | 559 | 6 | 1,167 | One San Jacinto Plaza (El Paso) | One San Jacinto Plaza | which the building was constructed.
The building was originally named the El Paso National Bank Tower when it opened in 1962, it was also known as the Texas Commerce Bank Tower in the 1980s and early 1990s. By the mid-1990s, Chase Bank had acquired all Texas Commerce Bank locations and the tower's name was changed to Chase Tower.
In 2017, Chase Bank announced that it would be moving out and losing the naming rights to the tower. Jamie Gallagher, senior vice president of the Borderplex Realty Trust, which owns the building, said the El Paso real estate investment trust was working with |
{"datasets_id": 161529, "wiki_id": "Q5087202", "sp": 6, "sc": 1167, "ep": 6, "ec": 1510} | 161,529 | Q5087202 | 6 | 1,167 | 6 | 1,510 | One San Jacinto Plaza (El Paso) | One San Jacinto Plaza | a new tenant to possibly replace Chase, and she said, put its brand on the building.
In September 2018, Borderplex Realty announced that the tower's name would be changed to One San Jacinto Plaza. A new LED lighting system was added in late 2018 to bathe the building's exterior in light, which can be done in various colors at night. |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 456} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 456 | Onward Brass Band | Onward Brass Band (c. 1886–1930) | Onward Brass Band The Onward Brass Band was either of two brass bands active in New Orleans for extended periods of time. Onward Brass Band (c. 1886–1930) This incarnation of the Onward Brass Band played often in its early history at picnics, festivals, parades, and baseball games. It was under the leadership of Joseph Othello Lainez, a cornetist, by 1887, and quickly became as popular as the longstanding Excelsior Brass Band and Pickwick Brass Band. After 1903, Manuel Perez led the ensemble. The group typically held between 10 and 12 players, with three cornets or trumpets, two trombones, two clarinets, |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 8, "sc": 456, "ep": 12, "ec": 243} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 8 | 456 | 12 | 243 | Onward Brass Band | Onward Brass Band (c. 1886–1930) & Onward Brass Band (1960–2011) | an alto horn, a baritone horn, a tuba, a snare drum, and a bass drum. Perez changed the group's name to the Imperial Brass Band in the middle of the 1920s; it disbanded in 1930. Among the group's members were Isidore Barbarin, George Filhe, Lorenzo Tio, Peter Bocage, George Baquet, and King Oliver. Onward Brass Band (1960–2011) In 1960, Paul Barbarin and Louis Cottrell, Jr. revived the name Onward Brass Band for a new ensemble patterned after the old group. Barbarin led the group until 1969, after which time Louis Cottrell, Jr. took over. Placide Adams took over the |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 12, "sc": 243, "ep": 12, "ec": 873} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 12 | 243 | 12 | 873 | Onward Brass Band | Onward Brass Band (1960–2011) | band after the death of Louis Cottrell. Jr. in 1978 and was the leader until his death in 2003. The band reorganized in 2005. This band recorded albums in 1965 and 1974 and recently in 2009, and consists of eight to ten players, hewing strictly to traditional brass band music. Its members included Cag Cagnolatti, Kid Howard, Andrew Morgan, Joe Thomas, Louis Barbarin, Alvin Alcorn, Danny Barker, and Freddie Kohlman.
Some of the active N.O. musicians who have appeared with Onward include Gerald French, Freddie Lonzo, Marc Braud, Leon "Kid Chocolate" Brown, Tom Fischer, Dwayne Paulin, Shannon Powell, David W. Hansen, |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 12, "sc": 873, "ep": 16, "ec": 529} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 12 | 873 | 16 | 529 | Onward Brass Band | Onward Brass Band (1960–2011) & Short history | Kirk Joseph, Ernie Elie, Dimitri Smith, Louis Ford, and Christian Winther. Short history The earliest known written references to the band performing can be found in The Weekly Pelican, the weekly newspaper that published African-American news. On Saturday, February 19, 1887, it noted the Onward Brass Band furnished the music at a banquet held for the L’Avenir Juvenile B.A. The Onward Brass Band gained considerable popularity during the 1880s. By the time of the Spanish–American War in the late 19th century, the ensemble had achieved a reputation as the number one marching band in New Orleans. About 1898 while |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 16, "sc": 529, "ep": 16, "ec": 1151} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 16 | 529 | 16 | 1,151 | Onward Brass Band | Short history | under the direction of James McNeil, members of the Onward Brass Band enlisted in the Spanish–American War in the “Ninth Immunes Regimental Band”, serving in Cuba. Upon returning to the U.S. in 1899, those members played in the Victory Parade down Fifth Avenue in New York City.
Following the war, cornetist Manuel Perez (a student of Onward founder Sylvester Coustaut) assumed leadership of the band. Onward Brass Band soon came to be regarded in the local music community as the most exciting of the city's early brass bands. Its membership included many New Orleans music legends: in addition to Perez himself, |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 16, "sc": 1151, "ep": 16, "ec": 1783} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 16 | 1,151 | 16 | 1,783 | Onward Brass Band | Short history | names such as Peter Bocage, Lorenzo Tio Jr., George Baquet, Isidore Barbarin, and even, for a brief time, King Oliver. Unfortunately, this band never recorded. Perez was Onward's leader (on and off) from 1903 until the unit disbanded about 1930. The band seems to have fallen into decline during the Great Depression, and its history for the next three decades is obscure.
Around 1960, famed drummer Paul Barbarin, the son of Isidore, decided to reform the band, and pattern it after its great predecessors. Under Paul's leadership, the Onward received new life, and included his younger brother Louis, nephew Danny Barker, |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 16, "sc": 1783, "ep": 16, "ec": 2414} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 16 | 1,783 | 16 | 2,414 | Onward Brass Band | Short history | Louis Cottrell Jr., Placide Adams and many other top New Orleans jazz musicians. They made two recordings (in 1965 and 1968).
When Barbarin died in 1969, clarinetist Louis Cottrell, Jr. (godson of Manny Perez), took over the band's leadership. This group included several members from the preceding band as well as other fine jazz players such as Freddie Kohlman, Teddy Riley, Jack Willis and Waldren “Frog” Joseph. They are heard on two additional recordings (1974 and 1978). Cottrell died in 1978. With that, leadership of the Onward Brass Band passed to snare-drummer Placide Adams who headed the band for the following |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 16, "sc": 2414, "ep": 16, "ec": 3016} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 16 | 2,414 | 16 | 3,016 | Onward Brass Band | Short history | quarter century, taking over the leadership designated to him by Louis. During that time, the band continued to make yearly appearances at the annual New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival (It was pictured on the Miller Beer Jazzfest program in 2001.) Appearances waned due to Placide's ailing health, but occasional private performances continued. At the time of Adams’ death in 2003, plans were being made for the Onward's first recording session in 25 years. Those plans have now come to fruition as a result of the efforts of snare-drummer Kurt Nicewander, a member of the Onward Brass Band for 14 |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 16, "sc": 3016, "ep": 16, "ec": 3630} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 16 | 3,016 | 16 | 3,630 | Onward Brass Band | Short history | years and entrusted by Adams with the responsibility of ensuring that the Onward's rich heritage be kept alive. Accordingly, he assembled a stellar group of musicians, a few of whom had prior experience with the band, to make this recording.
Nicewander has definite plans for the band. “My intentions,” he says, “are not to start something new, but to just insure that Onward and its tradition continues into the twenty-first century, a new era, preserving the spirit of this historic New Orleans band. The band appeared at the 2010 and 2011 French Quarter Festival, the 2010 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage |
{"datasets_id": 161530, "wiki_id": "Q7095117", "sp": 16, "sc": 3630, "ep": 16, "ec": 3689} | 161,530 | Q7095117 | 16 | 3,630 | 16 | 3,689 | Onward Brass Band | Short history | Festival, and the New Orleans Jazz National Historic Park. |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 59} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 59 | Operation Magic Carpet | Planning & Europe | Operation Magic Carpet Planning As early as mid-1943, the United States Army had recognized that, once the war was over, bringing the troops home would be a priority. More than 16 million Americans were in uniform; and more than eight million of them were scattered across all theaters of war worldwide. Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall established committees to address the logistical problem. Eventually organization of the operation was given to the War Shipping Administration (WSA). Eligibility for repatriation was determined by the Advanced Service Rating Score. Europe The Navy was excluded from the initial European sealift, as |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 10, "sc": 59, "ep": 10, "ec": 710} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 10 | 59 | 10 | 710 | Operation Magic Carpet | Europe | the Pacific War was far from over, and the task of returning the troops was the sole responsibility of the Army and Merchant Marine. The WSA ordered the immediate conversion of 300 Liberty and Victory cargo ships into transports. Adequate port and docking facilities were also serious considerations along with the transportation necessary to take the veterans to demobilization camps after they reached America's shores.
There were 3,059,000 service men and women in Europe, Africa and the Mediterranean on VE-Day. The first homeward-bound ships left Europe in late June 1945, and by November, the sealift was at its height. Whereas American |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 10, "sc": 710, "ep": 10, "ec": 1352} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 10 | 710 | 10 | 1,352 | Operation Magic Carpet | Europe | shipping had averaged the delivery of 148,000 soldiers per month to the European Theater of Operations (ETO) during the wartime build-up, the post VE-Day rush homeward would average more than 435,000 GIs per month for the next 14 months.
In mid-October 1945 the United States Navy donated the newly commissioned carrier USS Lake Champlain—fitted with bunks for 3,300 troops—to the operation. She was joined in November by the battleship USS Washington. The European lift now included more than 400 vessels. Some would carry as few as 300 while the large ocean liners often squeezed 15,000 aboard. One of the ocean liners, the British |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 10, "sc": 1352, "ep": 10, "ec": 1959} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 10 | 1,352 | 10 | 1,959 | Operation Magic Carpet | Europe | RMS Queen Mary, the U.S. obtained the use of in exchange for 10 smaller U.S. vessels. The WSA and the army also converted 29 troopships into special carriers for war brides, for the almost half a million European women who had married American servicemen. The Magic Carpet fleet also included 48 hospital ships; these transported more than half a million wounded.
Nor was this a one-way stream. Former Axis POWs had to be repatriated from Europe and Japan and occupation forces had to be dropped in Germany, China, Korea and Japan. Returned to Europe were more than 450,000 German prisoners of war, |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 10, "sc": 1959, "ep": 14, "ec": 409} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 10 | 1,959 | 14 | 409 | Operation Magic Carpet | Europe & Asia and the Pacific | in addition to 53,000 Italian ex-POWs. Between May and September 1945, 1,417,850 were repatriated.
Between October 1945 to April 1946, another 3,323,395 were repatriated. By the end of February, the ETO phase of Magic Carpet was essentially completed. Asia and the Pacific With the surrender of Japan, the navy also began bringing home Sailors and Marines. Vice Admiral Forrest Sherman's Task Force 11 departed Tokyo Bay early in September 1945 with the battleships USS New Mexico, USS Idaho, USS Mississippi, and USS North Carolina, and two carriers plus a squadron of destroyers filled with homeward-bound servicemen. Stopping at Okinawa, they embarked thousands more Tenth United |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 14, "sc": 409, "ep": 14, "ec": 1099} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 14 | 409 | 14 | 1,099 | Operation Magic Carpet | Asia and the Pacific | States Army troops.
The navy hastily converted many of its warships into temporary transports, including aircraft carriers, where three-to five-tiered bunks were installed on the hangar decks to provide accommodation for several thousand men in relative comfort. The navy fleet of 369 ships included 222 assault transports, 6 battleships, 18 cruisers, 57 aircraft carriers and 12 hospital ships.
By October 1945, Magic Carpet was operating worldwide with the Army, Navy and WSA pooling their resources to expedite the troop-lift. December 1945 became the peak month with almost 700,000 returning home from the Pacific. With the final arrival of 29 troop transports carrying |
{"datasets_id": 161531, "wiki_id": "Q356097", "sp": 14, "sc": 1099, "ep": 18, "ec": 320} | 161,531 | Q356097 | 14 | 1,099 | 18 | 320 | Operation Magic Carpet | Asia and the Pacific & Airlift | more than 200,000 soldiers and sailors from the China-Burma-India theater in April 1946, Operation Magic Carpet came to its end. The last of the troops to return from the Pacific war zone (127,300) arrived home in September 1946. Airlift The army's Air Transport Command (ATC) and the navy's Naval Air Transport Service (NATS) were also involved in Magic Carpet operations, amassing millions of flying hours in transport and cargo aircraft, though the total number of personnel returned home by aircraft was tiny in comparison to the numbers carried by ship. |
{"datasets_id": 161532, "wiki_id": "Q7121430", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 606} | 161,532 | Q7121430 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 606 | Paampu attam | Paampu attam Paampu attam (snake dance) (Tamil:பாம்பு ஆட்டம்) is a folk dance from Tamil country, India. Snakes considered as the protecting divinity which safeguards the health and prosperity. Snakes are also related to the Hindu deity Murugan. Usually girls perform this dance with a snake skin-like costume. The performer simulates snake movements, writhing, creeping and making quick biting movements with the head and hands. The hands are also held together to look like the hood of a cobra.
In the classical dance form Bharata Natyam the snake dance is performed in a manner similar to the old folk dance. |
|
{"datasets_id": 161533, "wiki_id": "Q7121699", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 606} | 161,533 | Q7121699 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 606 | Pablo Montesino Cáceres | Education and career | Pablo Montesino Cáceres Education and career Cáceres studied in Valladolid and later got his medical degree in Salamanca. He also served in the military. But he was, above all, a teacher.
Cáceres was a man of liberal and progressive interests and as a result was exiled in London for 10 years (1823-1833).
He carried out the first implementation of the liberal education system and generalized many ideas proposed by other prominent teachers. He was the first principal of the Escuelas Normales, and his ideas were widely circulate. He focused on early childhood education, having observed the educational situation in London, and also |
{"datasets_id": 161533, "wiki_id": "Q7121699", "sp": 6, "sc": 606, "ep": 6, "ec": 1243} | 161,533 | Q7121699 | 6 | 606 | 6 | 1,243 | Pablo Montesino Cáceres | Education and career | set about proper teacher training.
When he returned to Spain he established the Sociedad para mejorar la educación del pueblo (Society for improving the education of the people), and following this he founded the first kindergarten school in 1838 in Madrid. He later created another such school that would bear his name. In 1839, he took part in the primary education reform, proposing the adoption of kindergarten schools and improved female education. One of his best known works was Manual para maestros de la escuela de Párvulos in 1840 (Handbook for kindergarten teachers). This work included all his educational ideas, and |
{"datasets_id": 161533, "wiki_id": "Q7121699", "sp": 6, "sc": 1243, "ep": 10, "ec": 586} | 161,533 | Q7121699 | 6 | 1,243 | 10 | 586 | Pablo Montesino Cáceres | Education and career & Accomplishments | was the first theoretical framework introduced in Spain. Accomplishments From 1836, with the Duke of Rivas' Plan de Instrucción Pública (Plan of Public Instruction), the then newly formed liberal bourgeois government began to take steps to set up an educational model that suited their economic, ideological and political interests, following the basic tenets of the bourgeois liberal pedagogy. The main objective of this action was the construction of a national education system as was done in other European countries. For social and educational reasons, it was also necessary to meet the educational needs of younger children, through the establishment of |
{"datasets_id": 161533, "wiki_id": "Q7121699", "sp": 10, "sc": 586, "ep": 10, "ec": 1274} | 161,533 | Q7121699 | 10 | 586 | 10 | 1,274 | Pablo Montesino Cáceres | Accomplishments | kindergartens. For this purpose it was necessary to provide adequate training for teachers in special schools. The proper functioning of the system also required the creation of an inspectorate that would supervise, guide and advise teachers, while providing the necessary information to the government. Pablo Montesinos played a key role in designing the programmes and the processes of implementation of the actions undertaken to achieve these ends.
One of Cáceres' greatest accomplishments throughout his career was his work in the Escuelas Normales. The Escuelas Normales emerged in Spain in the forties and were primarily concerned with teacher training. Pablo Montesino, in |
{"datasets_id": 161533, "wiki_id": "Q7121699", "sp": 10, "sc": 1274, "ep": 10, "ec": 1788} | 161,533 | Q7121699 | 10 | 1,274 | 10 | 1,788 | Pablo Montesino Cáceres | Accomplishments | 1843 delineated what teachers were to become and accordingly reorganized the Escuelas Normales. Many of these centers experienced an initial period of uncertainty during which they would not function as Escuelas Normales except in name only. For Paul Montesino there were only two ways to get a good teacher: either improve teacher quality through the creation of Escuelas Normales or impose an obligation to provide them good training. Pablo Montesino considered the first option the more natural, easy and fair. |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 566} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 566 | Palmaria (island) | Description | Palmaria (island) Description The Palmaria island with a surface area of 1.89 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi), is the largest of three islands in the Gulf of La Spezia and the Liguria region of the whole, the other two islands, Tino and Tinetto meet down a few hundred meters straight line to the south.
The island has a triangular shape: the sides that face Portovenere and the Gulf of La Spezia are the most humanized and slope gently down to the level of the sea, covered by typical Mediterranean vegetation, the side that faces west, i.e. towards the open sea, is instead characterized |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 6, "sc": 566, "ep": 6, "ec": 1160} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 6 | 566 | 6 | 1,160 | Palmaria (island) | Description | by high cliffs overhanging the water, in which there are many caves. The sides humanized see the presence of some private homes, a restaurant (in Pozzale) and especially bathing establishments, both public and confidential employees of the Navy and Air Force.
As for the western side, the most difficult to reach, are worthy of note the Blue Cave, visited by boat, and the Cave of Pigeons, which can be reached only by climbing down ropes. The latter in particular has been very important in the study of historical events in the Gulf, as have been found inside the fossilized bones of |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 6, "sc": 1160, "ep": 6, "ec": 1762} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 6 | 1,160 | 6 | 1,762 | Palmaria (island) | Description | Pleistocene animals such as chamois and the snowy owl, but above all remains of human burials, testifying the presence of man at least five thousand years ago.
On the island there are also many buildings of a military character and of great historical interest: the top, inaccessible as a former military area and is currently in a state of neglect, the Fort Count of Cavour (or Fort Palmaria), the battery now used as experimental environmental education center and Batteria Semaforo near the Scola Tip, the tower ironclad Umberto I and used in World War II to a military prison and renovated |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 6, "sc": 1762, "ep": 14, "ec": 36} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 6 | 1,762 | 14 | 36 | Palmaria (island) | Description & Portoro marble & Flora | a few years ago and the remains of the battery Albini, scattered throughout the island, several bunkers from the Second World War and the remains of coastal artillery and antiaircraft mostly inaccessible since abandoned and submerged vegetation. Portoro marble Remarkable is the presence (in the south, called Pozzale) of an abandoned quarry, once used for the extraction of the precious black marble with streaks of gold called portoro. There are still remnants of cranes and hoists used for moving the blocks of marble and the walls of the houses of the miners. Flora The flora of Palmaria is composed of |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 14, "sc": 36, "ep": 14, "ec": 761} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 14 | 36 | 14 | 761 | Palmaria (island) | Flora | about 500 species. The original vegetation, which was to be formed mainly from the Mediterranean and the forest of oak, was modified to anthropogenic causes such as fire, agriculture, introduction of alien plants and animals (plane trees, palms and rabbits).
Today the pines (Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis) share space with typical Mediterranean species such as oak (Quercus ilex), oak (Quercus pubescens), mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), the cysts (Cistus monspeliensis, Cistus salvifolius, Cistus incanus), the gorse (Spartium junceum), etc..
Other important groups are the spot to plant spurge (Euphorbia dendroides) and nearest to the sea cliffs on those characterized |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 14, "sc": 761, "ep": 18, "ec": 358} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 14 | 761 | 18 | 358 | Palmaria (island) | Flora & Fauna | by samphire (Crithmum maritimum).
Among the new flora, Centaurea cineraria veneris, Iberis umbellata var. linifolia, exclusive in Palmaria, Centaurea aplolepa lunensis, endemic to eastern Liguria.
Finally, also worth Brassica oleracea robertiana, Serapias neglecta and Cistus incanus, rare in Liguria, where it reaches its northern limit. Fauna On the island there are some of the largest reptile wildlife emergencies, such as tarantolino Phyllodactylus europaeus, the smallest of the European geckos, easily recognizable by the absence of tubercles on the dorsal side. In addition to the islands of Tino and Tinetto, this is present in very few other sites in Liguria.
Between the birds deserve |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 18, "sc": 358, "ep": 18, "ec": 1108} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 18 | 358 | 18 | 1,108 | Palmaria (island) | Fauna | to be mentioned the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), the red partridge (Alectoris rufa), gulls (Larus argentatus, Larus michahellis), the raven (Corvus corax), rock thrushes (Monticola solitarius), cormorant or shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis).
Between the mammals you mention the bats found in caves: the trunnion (Plecotus auritus), the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros). There are colonies of rabbits and goats, remains of a recent past when the island was inhabited more than now.
Between the invertebrates on the islands is to report the beetle Parmenas solieri, an endemic species linked to the |
{"datasets_id": 161534, "wiki_id": "Q757114", "sp": 18, "sc": 1108, "ep": 22, "ec": 502} | 161,534 | Q757114 | 18 | 1,108 | 22 | 502 | Palmaria (island) | Fauna & Climate and maritime links | Tyrrhenian patch of spurge. Climate and maritime links The climate is typically Mediterranean, with a temperature range, both daily and seasonal.
In winter there are very few episodes of extreme cold and frost, while in summer the heat is damped by the effect of sea breeze, the modeled rainfall trends on the Riviera di Levante, presenting abundant, especially in autumn and spring.
For the maritime links is possible reach the island by private boat or, in the summer months, with ferries that connect to Portovenere, Lerici and La Spezia. |
{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 667} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 667 | Passive-aggressive behavior | Passive-aggressive behavior Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of indirect resistance to the demands or requests of others and an avoidance of direct confrontation. Pretending not to understand is a typical passive-aggressive strategy. Such behavior is often protested by associates, evoking frustration or anger, and labelled "catty", "manipulative", or "acting/going dumb". Passive-aggressive behavior may be subconsciously or consciously used to evoke these emotions and reactions in others. It may also be used as an alternative to verbalizing or acting out their own anger.
It is an act if it is occasional and does not substantially interfere with social or |
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{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 4, "sc": 667, "ep": 8, "ec": 538} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 4 | 667 | 8 | 538 | Passive-aggressive behavior | Personality disorder | occupational function, or relationships; it is a behavior if it used more persistently; it is a personality disorder if there is a pervasive pattern of such behavior which does interfere in these areas. Personality disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders revision IV (DSM-IV) describes passive-aggressive personality disorder as a "pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations".
Passive-aggressive behavior is not necessarily a personality disorder. A personality disorder includes deviation in affectivity, cognition, control over impulses, and need for gratification, ways of perceiving and thinking, and inflexible, maladaptive, |
{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 8, "sc": 538, "ep": 12, "ec": 683} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 8 | 538 | 12 | 683 | Passive-aggressive behavior | Personality disorder & Psychology | or otherwise dysfunctional behaviour. There must be personal distress attributable to such behaviour. Psychology In psychology, passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a habitual pattern of non-active resistance to expected work requirements, opposition, sullenness, stubbornness, and negative attitudes in response to requirements for normal performance levels expected by others. Most frequently it occurs in the workplace, where resistance is exhibited by indirect behaviors as procrastination, forgetfulness, and purposeful inefficiency, especially in reaction to demands by authority figures, but it can also occur in interpersonal contexts.
Another source characterizes passive-aggressive behavior as: "a personality trait marked by a pervasive pattern of negative attitudes |
{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 12, "sc": 683, "ep": 16, "ec": 165} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 12 | 683 | 16 | 165 | Passive-aggressive behavior | Psychology & Conflict theory | and characterized by passive, sometimes obstructionist resistance to complying with expectations in interpersonal or occupational situations. Behaviors: learned helplessness, procrastination, stubbornness, resentment, sullenness, or deliberate/repeated failure to accomplish requested tasks for which one is (often explicitly) responsible". Other examples of passive-aggressive behavior might include avoiding direct or clear communication, evading problems, fear of intimacy or competition, making excuses, blaming others, obstructionism, playing the victim, feigning compliance with requests, sarcasm, backhanded compliments, and hiding anger. Conflict theory In conflict theory, passive-aggressive behavior can resemble a behavior better described as catty, as it consists of deliberate, active, but carefully veiled hostile |
{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 16, "sc": 165, "ep": 20, "ec": 616} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 16 | 165 | 20 | 616 | Passive-aggressive behavior | Conflict theory & Work | acts which are distinctively different in character from the non-assertive style of passive resistance. Work Passive-aggressive behavior from workers and managers is damaging to team unity and productivity. In the ad for Warner's online ebook, it says: "The worst case of passive-aggressive behavior involves destructive attitudes such as negativity, sullenness, resentment, procrastination, 'forgetting' to do something, chronic lateness, and intentional inefficiency." If this behavior is ignored it could result in decreased office efficiency and frustration among workers. If managers are passive-aggressive in their behavior, it can end up stifling team creativity. De Angelis says, "It would actually make perfect sense |
{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 20, "sc": 616, "ep": 24, "ec": 515} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 20 | 616 | 24 | 515 | Passive-aggressive behavior | Work & History | that those promoted to leadership positions might often be those who on the surface appear to be agreeable, diplomatic and supportive, yet who are actually dishonest, backstabbing saboteurs behind the scenes." History Passive-aggressive behavior was first defined clinically by Colonel William Menninger during World War II in the context of men's reaction to military compliance. Menninger described soldiers who were not openly defiant but expressed their civil disobedience (what he called "aggressiveness") "by passive measures, such as pouting, stubbornness, procrastination, inefficiency, and passive obstructionism" due to what Menninger saw as an "immaturity" and a reaction to "routine military stress".
According to |
{"datasets_id": 161535, "wiki_id": "Q1153809", "sp": 24, "sc": 515, "ep": 24, "ec": 743} | 161,535 | Q1153809 | 24 | 515 | 24 | 743 | Passive-aggressive behavior | History | some psychoanalytic views, noncompliance is not indicative of true passive-aggressive behavior, which may instead be defined as the manifestation of emotions that have been repressed based on a self-imposed need for acceptance. |
{"datasets_id": 161536, "wiki_id": "Q7145183", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 555} | 161,536 | Q7145183 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 555 | Patonga, New South Wales | Geography | Patonga, New South Wales Geography Patonga is a small and semi-isolated riverside community occupying a one kilometre long sandy spit projecting from the rocky and elevated headland of the Brisbane Water National Park to the north. The spit, at the mouth of the estuarine Patonga Creek which feeds into the Hawkesbury River at Broken Bay, forms a beach frontage onto Brisk Bay to the east and a sandy foreshore on the creek to the west.
Patonga can be accessed by road along Patonga Drive from Umina to the north, by ferry from Palm Beach and Brooklyn, or by private watercraft. The |
{"datasets_id": 161536, "wiki_id": "Q7145183", "sp": 6, "sc": 555, "ep": 10, "ec": 57} | 161,536 | Q7145183 | 6 | 555 | 10 | 57 | Patonga, New South Wales | Geography & Origin of name | community extends to housing, accessible only by watercraft, which occupies Patonga Creek's foreshore on the opposite bank. Various bush tracks provide hiking access to Patonga and the surrounding reserves.
Patonga Creek was once navigable by fairly large vessels, but now averages about half a metre in depth. Gosford City Council have acknowledged the siltation problem. Lion Island is located in Broken Bay to the suburb's southeast.
The nearby towns of Umina Beach, Ettalong Beach and Woy Woy are significant neighbouring communities which provide many facilities and services not available at Patonga. Origin of name Patonga means "oyster" in the Guringai people's language, |
{"datasets_id": 161536, "wiki_id": "Q7145183", "sp": 10, "sc": 57, "ep": 14, "ec": 463} | 161,536 | Q7145183 | 10 | 57 | 14 | 463 | Patonga, New South Wales | Origin of name & Local industry and facilities | whose country stretched from the north side of Port Jackson to the southern end of Lake Macquarie. Early English language maps of the area spelt Patonga as "Betonga". Local industry and facilities Oyster farming is the main local industry along with eco-tourism and recreational tourism.
Along with visitors from the Central coast, day trippers from Sydney, Newcastle, and other areas of the NSW provide customers to the handful of retail outlets. These include a takeaway, a convenience store, a cafe, a tavern with a restaurant and some accommodation as well as a handful of art galleries.
Recreational facilities and infrastructure include a |
{"datasets_id": 161536, "wiki_id": "Q7145183", "sp": 14, "sc": 463, "ep": 14, "ec": 1116} | 161,536 | Q7145183 | 14 | 463 | 14 | 1,116 | Patonga, New South Wales | Local industry and facilities | sports oval, a public boat ramp to the eastern end of the village, a public wharf and a two-hectare camping and caravan park located at the southern end of the village (accessed by Patonga and Bay Streets). The wharf is also used by commercially operated ferries providing services on the Hawkesbury River and Broken Bay.
The Patonga Camping Ground is operated by Gosford City Council. Families especially take advantage of the tranquil setting afforded by the sandy creek foreshore, beach, and the opportunity for canoeing, boating, fishing and hiking. The camping ground includes two tennis courts, modern amenities, sheltered BBQ facilities, |
{"datasets_id": 161536, "wiki_id": "Q7145183", "sp": 14, "sc": 1116, "ep": 18, "ec": 487} | 161,536 | Q7145183 | 14 | 1,116 | 18 | 487 | Patonga, New South Wales | Local industry and facilities & Patonga and the film industry | and one of the two play grounds for children in Patonga. Patonga and the film industry Patonga provided the setting for the fishing village of Graves Point in the 1996 television movie loosely based on Peter Benchley's novel, 'The Beast', a sci-fi horror-drama in which a rare giant squid threatens a small seaport community. The featured sea-side cottage near the wharf was constructed as a film set and demolished on completion. Patonga has also featured in many other movies and TV shows such as Oyster Farmer, Micro Nation, Home and Away and many other big known titles. |
{"datasets_id": 161537, "wiki_id": "Q7170109", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 178} | 161,537 | Q7170109 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 178 | Persepolis 15 Khordad Varamin F.C. | Establishment | Persepolis 15 Khordad Varamin F.C. Persepolis 15 Khordad Varamin Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال پرسپولیس ۱۵ خرداد ورامین) is an Iranian football club based in Varamin, Iran. They currently compete in the 2011–12 Iran Football's 2nd Division. Establishment The club was originally known as Ashian Gostar Varamin, competing in the 2nd Division since the 2010–11 season. In the 2012–13 they were renamed to Persepolis 15 Khordad Varamin. |
{"datasets_id": 161538, "wiki_id": "Q25553166", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 120} | 161,538 | Q25553166 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 120 | Perundurai block | Perundurai block Perundurai block is a revenue block in the Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 29 panchayat villages. |
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{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 619} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 619 | Petrolia Squires | History | Petrolia Squires History The Petrolia Chiefs were founded in the 1960s as members of the Tri-County Intermediate League. In 1973, the Chiefs won their league, but lost the Intermediate C provincial final to a team from Bracebridge, Ontario 4-games-to-none. Also in 1973, they changed their name to the Petrolia Squires as their league became the Western Intermediate C Hockey League.
In 1976, the Western Intermediate C Hockey League merged with the Seaway Intermediate C Hockey League to create the Seaway-Western Intermediate C Hockey League. The Squires played one season with the league and then moved up to the Continental Senior A |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 619, "ep": 6, "ec": 1263} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 619 | 6 | 1,263 | Petrolia Squires | History | Hockey League. In that one season, the Squires won the 1977 league championship as well as the provincial championship by defeating the Bradford Comets 4-games-to-1.
In the Continental League, the Squires found strong competition, with early feuds with the Durham Huskies and the Lucan-Ilderton Jets. As well, the Continental League was in competition for the Allan Cup, the National championship. In their second season in the league, the Squires won the league championship. They went on to meet the OHA Senior A champion Thunder Bay Twins in the Ontario Hockey Association final. The Squires won the series 4-games-to-2 and also won |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 1263, "ep": 6, "ec": 1818} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 1,263 | 6 | 1,818 | Petrolia Squires | History | the Eastern Canadian senior championship as well, earning them a berth into the 1979 Allan Cup final. In the National final, the Squires met the Steinbach Huskies. The Squires won game one 6-5 in overtime, then game two 7-3. The Huskies took game three 5-4, before the Squires came alive won the next two 6-1 and 7-1 to win their first national title. To top off this feat, the Squires were invited to play in the World Senior Hockey Championships. During the event, the Squires lost to HC Kladno of the CSSR 5-3 and then tied the Soviet Union powerhouse |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 1818, "ep": 6, "ec": 2421} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 1,818 | 6 | 2,421 | Petrolia Squires | History | Khimik Voskresensk 3-3.
In 1980, the Squires were defeated in the league final by a new foe, the Cambridge Hornets. The Squires and Hornets would meet in five straight league championships. Three would be won by Cambridge, two would be won by Petrolia, but each would walk away with another Allan Cup. In 1980, the Continental Senior A Hockey League was renamed the OHA Senior A Hockey League, as the original folded in 1979.
In 1981, the Squires won the OHA championship by defeating the Hornets 4-games-to-1, they also gained a berth to the Allan Cup. The Squires traveled all the way |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 2421, "ep": 6, "ec": 3007} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 2,421 | 6 | 3,007 | Petrolia Squires | History | to Thunder Bay, Ontario to compete in a first-time round robin tournament for the prestigious trophy. Their first game saw the Squires get embarrassed by the Thunder Bay Twins 8-3. Game two had the Squires defeat the St. Boniface Mohawks 6-4 and in game three the Squires beat the Grand Falls Cataracts 6-3. In the semi-final, the Squires drew Grand Falls again, while the Twins drew the Mohawks whom they just defeated 5-4 in overtime. The Squires repeated their 6-3 performance over the Cataracts, but the Twins were shocked by the Mohawks with a 4-3 loss. Petrolia beat St. Boniface |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 3007, "ep": 6, "ec": 3579} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 3,007 | 6 | 3,579 | Petrolia Squires | History | 5-1 to win their second Allan Cup.
The 1982 playoffs ended a little tougher than 1981, with the Squires requiring all seven games to defeat the Hornets. The Squires were also Eastern Canadian champions. Petrolia qualified for their third Allan Cup, but were up against a tough Cranbrook Royals team at Cranbrook, British Columbia. The Royal won games one and two easily and the Squires made game three interesting but still lost. It took until game four until the Squires woke up and won 6-1, but it was too late as the Royals took game five 7-3 and the series to |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 3579, "ep": 6, "ec": 4213} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 3,579 | 6 | 4,213 | Petrolia Squires | History | win the national championship.
In 1986, the OHA Senior A Hockey League was reduced in size and declared Senior AAA. The Squires dropped to their local Seaway-Cyclone Senior B Hockey League. After two seasons in the league, the Squires seemingly took a one-year leave from the Ontario Hockey Association for the 1988-89 season and returned in for the 1989-90 Seaway-Cyclone Senior B season. In a time where all Senior teams systematically disappeared and never came back, the Squires refused to disband and came right back to action.
In 1990, the Seaway Cyclone Senior B Hockey League merged with the Southern Senior A |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 4213, "ep": 6, "ec": 4803} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 4,213 | 6 | 4,803 | Petrolia Squires | History | Hockey League to create the Southwestern Senior A Hockey League. The Squires are the only remaining team from the founding of the Southwestern League to still exist in modern hockey. Throughout the 1990s, the Southwestern League, led by Petrolia, struggled to stay alive and fought for recognition from the OHA and Hockey Canada to be declared the top level of senior hockey in the Province of Ontario. The Petrolia Squires and the city of Sarnia, Ontario were awarded the 2001 Allan Cup. In the first game, the Squires defeated the Stony Plain Eagles 3-1. They then met and were massacred |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 4803, "ep": 6, "ec": 5431} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 4,803 | 6 | 5,431 | Petrolia Squires | History | by the home-province rival Dundas Real McCoys 8-0. In their final round robin game, a 2-2 tie with the Lloydminster Border Kings earned them a semi-final berth over the McCoys. In the semi-final, the Squires defeated Stony Plain 3-0, but fell to Lloydminster in the Allan Cup final by a score of 7-2.
In 2002, the Southwestern Senior A Hockey League was recognized as the Ontario Hockey Association's Allan Cup representative and was renamed the OHA Senior AAA Hockey League. In 2004, the league was renamed Major League Hockey.
The Petrolia Squires were the only Ontario Hockey Association Senior level team to |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 5431, "ep": 6, "ec": 6019} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 5,431 | 6 | 6,019 | Petrolia Squires | History | have been founded prior to 2000, were the only team to still exist from the OHA Senior A Hockey League without ever disbanding, and were the only Intermediate level team to have survived and still play in the OHA (not including Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League teams, who are not affiliated with the OHA). As of 2008, the Petrolia Squires have been a franchise for 38 seasons and only sat on the sidelines for one of those years.
In the summer of 2008, the Squires left the MLH and joined the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League. On |
{"datasets_id": 161539, "wiki_id": "Q7178995", "sp": 6, "sc": 6019, "ep": 6, "ec": 6513} | 161,539 | Q7178995 | 6 | 6,019 | 6 | 6,513 | Petrolia Squires | History | October 11, 2008, the Squires travelled to Thedford to defeat the Thedford Dirty Dogs 8-3 to win their first ever WOAA game. Petrolia had a very successful first season in the WOAA, finishing with a 16-2-2 record, earning 34 points, enough for first place in the WOAA South Division and first place overall.
The Squires were 2010 WOAA South Sr. AA Champions defeating the Lucan-Ilderton Jets 4-games-to-3, but fell in the Sr. AA Final to the Northern Champion Elora Rocks 4-games-to-2. |
{"datasets_id": 161540, "wiki_id": "Q7179388", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 237} | 161,540 | Q7179388 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 237 | Petty Pewter Gods | Plot introduction & Plot summary | Petty Pewter Gods Plot introduction Garrett is a hardboiled detective living in the city of TunFaire, a melting pot of different races, cultures, religions, and species. When people have problems, they often come to Garrett for help, but trouble has a way of finding Garrett on its own, whether he likes it or not. Plot summary TunFaire is in a state of unrest; with the sudden end of the war in the Cantard, returning former soldiers are at odds with the half-breeds and immigrants who have taken their places in society. Garrett, however, has his own problems to |
{"datasets_id": 161540, "wiki_id": "Q7179388", "sp": 10, "sc": 237, "ep": 10, "ec": 805} | 161,540 | Q7179388 | 10 | 237 | 10 | 805 | Petty Pewter Gods | Plot summary | worry about - he gets knocked out, brought before a group of small-time gods known as the Godoroth, and forced into working for them. The goal: find the "key" to the one remaining temple up for grabs in TunFaire, and do so before the Shayir, the Godoroth's rivals. The Shayir find out about the Godoroth's plans. The Shayir capture Garrett and give him their side of the story. Only with the help of a renegade Shayir called Cat does Garrett manage to escape.
As the civil unrest escalates into full-fledged street warfare, the Godoroth and Shayir elevate |
{"datasets_id": 161540, "wiki_id": "Q7179388", "sp": 10, "sc": 805, "ep": 10, "ec": 1347} | 161,540 | Q7179388 | 10 | 805 | 10 | 1,347 | Petty Pewter Gods | Plot summary | their search for Garrett, and Cat, who has her own agenda, is apparently the only one Garrett can trust. When the battle between the Godoroth and Shayir spills over into the world of the living, causing madness in the streets of TunFaire, the more powerful gods of the city decide it is time to intervene. After an epic battle between gods, Garrett hopes the trouble is over, but the Dead Man thinks there is still a missing piece or two to the puzzle. Eventually, the Dead Man deduces that there was yet another party behind the struggle |
{"datasets_id": 161540, "wiki_id": "Q7179388", "sp": 10, "sc": 1347, "ep": 10, "ec": 1519} | 161,540 | Q7179388 | 10 | 1,347 | 10 | 1,519 | Petty Pewter Gods | Plot summary | between the Godoroth and Shayir. When everything settles down and is sorted out, the remaining gods go back to their own business, leaving Garrett to go back to his beer. |
{"datasets_id": 161541, "wiki_id": "Q659176", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 581} | 161,541 | Q659176 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 581 | Phil Schiller | Early life and career | Phil Schiller Early life and career Schiller was born in Natick, Massachusetts on June 8, 1960. He graduated from Boston College in 1982 with a B.S. in biology. Besides his role at Apple Schiller has held a variety of positions including VP of Product Marketing at Macromedia of San Francisco, CA; Director of Product Marketing at FirePower Systems, Inc. of Menlo Park, CA; IT Manager at Nolan, Norton & Co. of Lexington, MA; and Programmer and Systems Analyst at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, MA.
At Apple Schiller worked on the formation and marketing of iMac, MacBook, MacBook Pro, iPod, macOS, |
{"datasets_id": 161541, "wiki_id": "Q659176", "sp": 6, "sc": 581, "ep": 6, "ec": 1216} | 161,541 | Q659176 | 6 | 581 | 6 | 1,216 | Phil Schiller | Early life and career | and subsequent products. Schiller is credited with coming up with the idea for the original iPod's click wheel interface.
Schiller frequently played a supporting role in keynotes given by Steve Jobs, usually presenting new products like iPhones and iPads. While Jobs was on medical leave Schiller gave several keynotes including Apple's last appearance at Macworld/iWorld on January 6, 2009 and the WWDC keynote on June 8, 2009; both presentations were typically done by Jobs himself. Among the things announced at these events were the updated MacBook Pro lines, the iPhone 3GS, and new versions of iLife and iWork as well as |
{"datasets_id": 161541, "wiki_id": "Q659176", "sp": 6, "sc": 1216, "ep": 6, "ec": 1261} | 161,541 | Q659176 | 6 | 1,216 | 6 | 1,261 | Phil Schiller | Early life and career | pricing and DRM changes to the iTunes Store. |
{"datasets_id": 161542, "wiki_id": "Q1718605", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 600} | 161,542 | Q1718605 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 600 | Phillips Holmes | Early life, education and career | Phillips Holmes Early life, education and career Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Edna Phillips and stage star Taylor Holmes, Holmes enjoyed a privileged childhood and received his education at Trinity College, Cambridge, the University of Grenoble and a year at Princeton University where he was spotted in the undergraduate crowd during the filming of Frank Tuttle's Varsity in 1928 and offered a screen test.
In the early 1930s he became a popular leading man, playing leads in a few important productions, notably in Josef von Sternberg's An American Tragedy (1931).
At Paramount, he starred in melodrama and comedy. In |
{"datasets_id": 161542, "wiki_id": "Q1718605", "sp": 6, "sc": 600, "ep": 10, "ec": 175} | 161,542 | Q1718605 | 6 | 600 | 10 | 175 | Phillips Holmes | Early life, education and career & Scandal | 1933 his contract with Paramount ran out and he moved to MGM for one year. As the decade progressed, Holmes' career declined, and he appeared in a few box-office failures, including Sam Goldwyn's poorly received Nana (1934). His last American movie was General Spanky (1936). In 1938 he appeared in two UK movies. Housemaster was his last film. Then he returned to acting on stage in the United States. Scandal In 1933, Holmes was driving with actress Mae Clarke when he crashed into a parked car. Clarke, who suffered a broken jaw and facial cuts, sued Holmes for US$21,500 (equivalent |
{"datasets_id": 161542, "wiki_id": "Q1718605", "sp": 10, "sc": 175, "ep": 18, "ec": 48} | 161,542 | Q1718605 | 10 | 175 | 18 | 48 | Phillips Holmes | Scandal & Military service and death & Legacy | to $416,127 in 2018), claiming that he had been driving while drunk. Clarke dropped the suit when Holmes agreed to pay her medical expenses. Military service and death At the start of World War II, he joined the Royal Canadian Air Force. He was killed in a mid-air collision in northwest Ontario, Canada. Legacy Holmes has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. |
{"datasets_id": 161543, "wiki_id": "Q7190368", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 41} | 161,543 | Q7190368 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 41 | Piaszczyna | Transport | Piaszczyna Transport Piaszczyna lies along the national road . |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 212} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 212 | Pierre Zalloua | Youth and education & Career | Pierre Zalloua Youth and education Pierre Zalloua was born in Zgharta on February 9, 1965. He obtained his Biology degree from the American University of Beirut in 1987 and a Genetics master's degree from the San Jose State University in California in 1990. Zalloua worked on his Doctorate degree in genetics from the UC Davis between 1990 and 1996 and graduated in 1996. Career Dr. Pierre Zalloua was appointed Dean of Graduate Studies and Research as of October 1, 2013. His past engagements with LAU include Dean of the School of Pharmacy from October 2012 to September 2013 and Professor |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 10, "sc": 212, "ep": 10, "ec": 916} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 10 | 212 | 10 | 916 | Pierre Zalloua | Career | of Genetics at the School of Medicine. He joined LAU in 2007.
He also holds the position of Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health at the Harvard School of Public Health.
An accomplished geneticist, writer and lecturer, Dr. Zalloua is a leading authority on the genetics of complex diseases in and among Middle Eastern populations.
Much of his recent investigative studies have addressed molecular anomalies observed in people with Type 1 diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). His research interest is to identify complex disease (Type 1 Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer) susceptibility genes, to study their interaction with the environment, and to correlate |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 10, "sc": 916, "ep": 10, "ec": 1584} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 10 | 916 | 10 | 1,584 | Pierre Zalloua | Career | these interactions with disease onset and manifestation. In the last few years, he has made considerable progress in identifying diabetes and CAD disease susceptibility gene variants.
Dr. Zalloua has also conducted extensive research on the genetic links between various Middle Eastern and Mediterranean populations. Recently, he has started to work in the field of population patterns of human migrations using DNA. He is currently leading an investigative team that will obtain DNA samples from indigenous populations in the Middle East and North Africa to study their genetic commonalities. This study is part of what is known as the Genographic Project (a |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 10, "sc": 1584, "ep": 10, "ec": 2277} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 10 | 1,584 | 10 | 2,277 | Pierre Zalloua | Career | grant from the National Geographic Society, 2006–2010).
He was also the principal investigator for the FGENTCARD Project, a European Union research project (2007–2009). He was recently awarded a large grant from the Qatar National Research Foundation to study the genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes.
Dr. Zalloua graduated from the American University of Beirut in 1987 with a B.S. in Biology. He earned his M.A. in Biological Sciences from San Jose State University in 1990, and his Ph.D. in Genetics from the University of California, Davis in 1996.
He completed research fellowships in genetics at the University of California, Davis (1996–1997), in molecular |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 10, "sc": 2277, "ep": 22, "ec": 117} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 10 | 2,277 | 22 | 117 | Pierre Zalloua | Career & Awards and grants & Film & Media appearances | biology at Applied Biosystems (1997–1998), and in population genetics (1998–2001) at the Harvard School of Public Health.
He was an Assistant Professor, and then Associate Professor in the school of medicine at the American University of Beirut between 2003 and 2007. Awards and grants Dr. Zalloua received many grants from national and international organizations including: National Geographic Society, European Commission, Lown Scholar Grant- Harvard University, Qatar National Research Foundation, Eli Lilly, Lebanese National Center Scientific Research, etc... Film 2004 – Quest for the Phoenicians (PBS) Media appearances 2009 – CNN: Inside the Middle East. watch at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BP7TcPj7UAE
2007 – Kalam el Nass |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 22, "sc": 117, "ep": 24, "ec": 30} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 22 | 117 | 24 | 30 | Pierre Zalloua | Media appearances & Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | – LBC. watch at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoPGLFY1Lxs
2004 – National Geographic Television. 1 Hour film featuring work on the genetic patterns of human migrations in the Middle East, aired on National Geographic Television worldwide and the PBS TV station in the US and Canada.
2004 – National Geographic Magazine. 22 page feature article in the October issue, 2004 that features study on the genetic patterns of human migrations in the Middle East.
2004 – National Geographic Magazine (French Version). 22 page feature article in the November issue, 2004 that features study on the genetic patterns of human migrations in the Middle East. Selected peer-reviewed journal |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 24, "sc": 30, "ep": 26, "ec": 769} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 24 | 30 | 26 | 769 | Pierre Zalloua | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | articles 1. Marc Haber, Dominique Gauguier, Sonia Youhanna, Nick Patterson, Priya Moorjani, Laura R. Botigué, Daniel E. Platt, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, David F Soria-Hernanz, R. Spencer Wells, Jaume Bertranpetit, Chris Tyler-Smith, David Comas, Pierre A Zalloua. Genome-wide diversity in the Levant reveals recent structuring by culture. PLoS Genetics, 2013 Feb;9(2)
2. Danielle A Badro, Bouchra Douaihy, Marc Haber, Sonia C Youhanna, Angélique Salloum, Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Brian Johnsrud, Georges Khazen, Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, David F Soria-Hernanz, R Spencer Wells, Chris Tyler-Smith, Daniel E Platt, Pierre A Zalloua, The Genographic Consortium. Y-Chromosome and mtDNA genetics reveal significant contrasts in affinities of modern Middle Eastern populations |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 26, "sc": 769, "ep": 26, "ec": 1618} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 26 | 769 | 26 | 1,618 | Pierre Zalloua | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | with European and African populations. PLoS ONE, 2013;8(1).
3. Large-scale association analysis identifies new risk loci for coronary artery disease. Nature Genetics. December 2012, Nature Genetics doi:10.1038/ng.2480 http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ng.2480.html
4. Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Daniel E. Platt, Sonia Youhanna, Antoine B. Abchee, Krista Stewart, Danielle A. Badro, Marc Haber, Angelique K. Salloum, Bouchra Douaihy, Hamid el Bayeh, Raed Othman, Nabil Shasha, Samer Kibbani, Elie Chammas, Aline Milane, Rita Nemr, Yoichiro Kamatani, Jörg Hager, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Dominique Gauguier, Pierre A. Zalloua, FGENTCARD Consortium. Genetic and environmental influences on total plasma homocysteine and its role in coronary artery disease risk. Atherosclerosis. 2012 May;222(1).
5. Jörg Hager, |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 26, "sc": 1618, "ep": 26, "ec": 2397} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 26 | 1,618 | 26 | 2,397 | Pierre Zalloua | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | Yoichiro Kamatani, Jean-Baptiste Cazier,Sonia Youhanna, Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Daniel E. Platt, Antoine B. Abchee, Jihane Romanos,Georges Khazen, Raed Othman, Danielle A. Badro, Marc Haber, Angelique K. Salloum, Bouchra Douaihy,4 Nabil Shasha, Samer Kibbani, Hana Sbeite, Elie Chammas, Hamid el Bayeh, Francis Rousseau, Diana Zelenika, Ivo Gut, Mark Lathrop, Martin Farrall, Dominique Gauguier, Pierre A. Zalloua, and the FGENTCARD Consortium. Genome-wide Association Study in a Lebanese Cohort Confirms PHACTR1 as a Major Determinant of Coronary Artery Stenosis. PLoS One. 2012;7(6).
6. Marc Haber, Daniel E Platt, Maziar Ashrafian Bonab, Sonia C Youhanna, David F Soria-Hernanz, Begoña Martínez-Cruz, Bouchra Douaihy, Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Hoshang Rafatpanah, |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 26, "sc": 2397, "ep": 26, "ec": 3171} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 26 | 2,397 | 26 | 3,171 | Pierre Zalloua | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | Mohsen Ghanbari, John Whale, Oleg Balanovsky, R Spencer Wells, David Comas, Chris Tyler-Smith, Pierre A. Zalloua & The Genographic Consortium. Afghanistan’s ethnic groups share a Y-Chromosomal heritage structured by historical events. PLoS One. 2012;7(3).
7. Stephanie Saade, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Sonia Youhanna, Danielle A. Badro, Yoichiro Kamatani, Jörg Hager, Joumana S. Yeretzian, Georges El-Khazen, Marc Haber, Angelique K. Salloum, Bouchra Douaihy, Raed Othman, Nabil Shasha, Samer Kabbani, Hamid El Bayeh, Elie Chammas, Martin Farrall, Dominique Gauguier, Daniel E. Platt, Pierre A. Zalloua, and the FGENTCARD consortium. Large Scale Association Analysis Identifies Three Susceptibility Loci for Coronary Artery Disease. PLoS One. |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 26, "sc": 3171, "ep": 26, "ec": 3892} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 26 | 3,171 | 26 | 3,892 | Pierre Zalloua | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | 2011;6(12)
8. Pierre A. Zalloua, Daniel E. Platt, Mirvat El Sibai, Jade Khalife, Nadine Makhoul, Marc Haber, Yali Xue, Hassan Izaabel, Elena Bosch, Susan M. Adams, Eduardo Arroyo, Ana Marı ´a Lo´ pez-Parra, Mercedes Aler, Anto` nia Picornell, Misericordia Ramon, Mark A. Jobling, David Comas, Jaume Bertranpetit, R. Spencer Wells, Chris Tyler-Smith,* and The Genographic Consortium. Identifying Genetic Traces of Historical Expansions: Phoenician Footprints in the Mediterranean.The American Journal of Human Genetics, 83(5):633–42; 2008.
9. Pierre A Zalloua; Yali Xue; Jade Khalife; Nadine Makhoul; Labib Debiane; Daniel E Platt; Ajay K Royyuru; Rene J Herrera; David F Soria Hernanz; Jason Blue-Smith; |
{"datasets_id": 161544, "wiki_id": "Q7192500", "sp": 26, "sc": 3892, "ep": 26, "ec": 4109} | 161,544 | Q7192500 | 26 | 3,892 | 26 | 4,109 | Pierre Zalloua | Selected peer-reviewed journal articles | R. Spencer Wells; David Comas; Jaume Bertranpetit; Chris Tyler-Smith; The Genographic Project. Y-chromosomal diversity in Lebanon is structured by recent historical events. Am J of Human genetics, 82(4):873–82; 2008. |
{"datasets_id": 161545, "wiki_id": "Q7203510", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 504} | 161,545 | Q7203510 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 504 | Play-offs to the 1. divisjon (women) | Play-offs to the 1. divisjon (women) The Play-offs to the 1. divisjon for women in association football is a Norwegian play-off competition that have taken place from 2001.
The play-offs were instituted because of the streamlining of the 1. divisjon (second tier) ahead of the 2001 season, into one national league. Before that, the 1. divisjon consisted of several groups, whose teams themselves engaged in a playoff to the Toppserien, the first tier.
The playoffs have never had a clear-cut institutionalized shape or form. |
|
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 602} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 602 | Polish Library in Paris | History | Polish Library in Paris History The prime instigator for the creation of the Polish Library in Paris was Karol Sienkiewicz, who had managed to assemble the already existing book collections in the history and statistical departments of the
Towarzystwo Literackie w Paryżu, and the Towarzystwo Pomocy Naukowej, the Polish Literary and Scientific Aid societies. A critical role in the venture was played by the French Société de Civilisation, which, spurred on by the effect Adam Mickiewicz had with his article, "Rabunek bibliotek i muzeów w Polsce" - the pillage of libraries and museums in Poland - started a public appeal to |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 6, "sc": 602, "ep": 6, "ec": 1255} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 6 | 602 | 6 | 1,255 | Polish Library in Paris | History | garner support for a library dedicated to Poland. The act of foundation was signed in November 1838, followed in March 1839 by a gala opening of the building. A library committee consisting of eight delegates took on the running of the enterprise. Prince Czartoryski was elected as its life president, while the functions of secretary, librarian and treasurer were entrusted to Sienkiewicz.
To satisfy French legal requirements, Czartoryski took on formal ownership of the institution, thus securing its material survival. The initial plan was to erect a purpose-built Polish mansion in Paris to house the collections, but the shortage of funds |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 6, "sc": 1255, "ep": 6, "ec": 1887} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 6 | 1,255 | 6 | 1,887 | Polish Library in Paris | History | led to the abandonment of that ambition, and instead a 17th-century four storey mansion was bought, on the Ile Saint-Louis along the Quai d'Orleans. The library moved into eleven rooms on the second floor while the rest of the building was let as accommodation to finance the loans that had been taken out. Meanwhile, the Library saw rapid expansion as gifts and legacies arrived from private individuals, for instance the collections of Małachowski, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Karol Kniaziewicz and Adam Mickiewicz. By 1845 the Library held 15,000 volumes and three years later, almost 20,000 items. In 1914 the collection contained |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 6, "sc": 1887, "ep": 6, "ec": 2520} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 6 | 1,887 | 6 | 2,520 | Polish Library in Paris | History | 100,000 books. In addition, there was a stock of journals and reviews, of photographs, and of medals and coins.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the activities of the Literary Society had declined, and the maintenance of the library in Paris was transferred in 1893 to the responsibility of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Kraków. in 1926, Władysław Mickiewicz (son of Adam) bequeathed his important collection of manuscripts to the library. In the following period, a number of valuable books, manuscripts and artworks which the library could not properly maintain were sent to museums and institutions in |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 6, "sc": 2520, "ep": 10, "ec": 592} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 6 | 2,520 | 10 | 592 | Polish Library in Paris | History & World War II | the now independent Poland. World War II On the eve of World War II there were 145,000 books, 1,000 manuscripts, 12,000 images, 2,800 atlases and maps and 20,000 copies of documents relating to Polish history drawn from British and French archives. Although German occupying forces seized the library's collection during World War II, the Library was able to resume work with the liberation of Paris. Most of the looted materials were returned from Germany by 1947, however, the Library faced bitter legal battles with the post-war Communist Polish government over ownership. These were eventually resolved in the Library's favour in |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 10, "sc": 592, "ep": 14, "ec": 510} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 10 | 592 | 14 | 510 | Polish Library in Paris | World War II & Current dilemmas | 1959. Following Poland's return to democracy in 1989, links were reestablished with the new Polish government. Current dilemmas The Polish Library in Paris is the oldest cultural institution outside the territory of Poland. Since 1854 the Library has occupied the entire original building. Next to the Library are the premises of the Adam Mickiewicz Museum, Paris, opened in 1903. Attached, are also the Salon Frédéric Chopin, the only permanent exhibition in Paris to the memory of the composer and the Musée Boleslas Biegas with paintings and sculpture by the artist and other Polish artists.
In 1989 the collection had grown to |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 14, "sc": 510, "ep": 14, "ec": 1179} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 14 | 510 | 14 | 1,179 | Polish Library in Paris | Current dilemmas | 220,000 volumes, around 5,000 Polish maps, 7,000 16th - 20th century images, plus the collections of the Towarzystwo Historyczno-Literackie w Paryżu.
Although in 1893 the Library came under the predecessor of the Polish Academy of Learning in Kraków, at that time in partitioned Poland, this did not resolve its relationship with the Library's neighbour and founding institution in Paris, the Historical and Literary Society, (Fr.: Société Historique et Littéraire Polonaise -SHLP). Not until 2004, after a process of arbitration, was it formally agreed that the Library is jointly "owned" by both organisations, through the mechanism of the Association de la |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 14, "sc": 1179, "ep": 14, "ec": 1833} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 14 | 1,179 | 14 | 1,833 | Polish Library in Paris | Current dilemmas | Bibliothèque Polonaise de Paris, in effect a governing council, composed of seven delegates from each of the two "parent" institutions. Typically, these are people with distinguished academic credentials from France or Poland. The chairman of the association, or governing council of the Library, is elected for a term of 5 years and is currently C. Pierre Zaleski, from the Polish Academy of Learning. He is also the chief executive of the Library and heads a professional management team for its day-to-day running.
The Library and its part-owner, the Historical and Literary Society, are jointly members of the Standing Conference of [Polish] |
{"datasets_id": 161546, "wiki_id": "Q2357520", "sp": 14, "sc": 1833, "ep": 14, "ec": 2537} | 161,546 | Q2357520 | 14 | 1,833 | 14 | 2,537 | Polish Library in Paris | Current dilemmas | Museums, Archives and Libraries in the West[ern hemisphere]. This body groups all recognised collections outside Poland, but it does not cover items held in foreign institutions, nor the many thousands of objects as yet unrecovered from war-time looting and displacement.
In the present economic decline, although partly funded from Poland's higher education budget, the Library faces continuous challenges as maintenance costs rise, materials age and cultural institutions face financial competition from other social priorities and needs, not least digital ones. There is currently pressure on the Polish collection at Rapperswil Castle to leave its premises in Switzerland. This bodes ill for |
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