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Dasein ohne Leben
Plot & Filmmaking
miserable wretches, a burden to both themselves and to others, like ghosts without a will, imagination, or feeling." Further examples from other institutions follow, including Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre. The director of a "large lunatic asylum" appears as an expert: 73% of the parents of his "incurable inmates" were allegedly in favor of "redeeming" them. Filmmaking The director was Hermann Schwenninger, one of the three managing directors of Gemeinnützige Krankentransport ("Charitable Ambulance"), a front company of Aktion T4, the central institution for the mass murder of patients in the Third Reich. Schwenninger also wrote parts of the screenplay of Ich klage
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Dasein ohne Leben
Filmmaking & Film screening
an. The contract for the film came from Hitler's Chancellery, and was produced by Tobis Film. For the filmmaking, Schwenninger shot the complete course of the NS euthanasia program, including the transport of the frightened patients to the killing institutions, and through an observation window the murder in a gas chamber of the center Pirna-Sonnenstein. During the one and a half year of production, the film team visited 20 to 30 institutions throughout Nazi Germany. Film screening The film only screened in closed circles. In March 1942, the film was premiered in front of 28 physicians. The largest group were the reviewers
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Dasein ohne Leben
Film screening
of Aktion T4 and members of the “Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft” (Max de Crinis, Hans Heinze, Werner Heyde, Paul Nitsche and Carl Schneider). They were joined by Herbert Linden (Reichsinnenministerium), Otto Wuth (psychiatrist of the army health system), three top politicians of the health care administration of Baden, Bavaria and Württemberg and Hellmuth Unger, a writer. On December 22, 1942, the film was shown at the Military Medical Academy. The invited audience consisted of the top officials of the Sicherheitspolizei, the Gestapo, the RKPA, Reichsamt, the Reichsleitung der HJ, the doctors of the military service, the head of the medical services of the Luftwaffe,
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Dasein ohne Leben
Film screening & Copies
eight doctors of the military academy, and the director of the Berlin Health Office. In January 1943, Arthur Nebe screened Existence Without Life to hundreds of SS officers, who received it enthusiastically. Copies Copies of the film are lost today, although there were at least six copies circulating among Nazi organizations, the SS, and the Wehrmacht staffs. It was assumed that the copies were destroyed before the Allies invaded but eight reels of the film were found in a GDR film archive. Some pre-production parts can be found in the Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, Washington (DC) A reconstruction of
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Dasein ohne Leben
Copies
the film was made in the Channel Four documentary, Selling Murder: The Secret Propaganda Films of the Third Reich (1991) using the original script contained within the Federal German Archives and original footage of the mentally disabled but with actors for the roles of students and the professor.
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David Needham
Notts County & Queens Park Rangers & Nottingham Forest
David Needham Notts County Needham started his career at Notts County in 1966. He spent eleven years at the Magpies. Queens Park Rangers He was signed by Queens Park Rangers in the close season of 1977 for £90,000. He was signed to replace the recently retired Frank McLintock in the centre of QPR's defence. He only spent six months at the West London club. Nottingham Forest Newly promoted Nottingham Forest signed him in December 1977 for £140,000. At the end of the 1977-78 season he had picked up a winners medal as Forest won the First Division, but was ineligible
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David Needham
Nottingham Forest & Toronto Blizzard & International
for the League Cup which they won as he had played for QPR earlier in the competition. He did win a League Cup winners medal the following season when Forest retained the trophy, and was in the team which lost the 1980 final, when a mix-up between Needham and Peter Shilton led to the winning goal for Andy Gray. He was an unused substitute in both of Forest's European Cup final wins in 1979 and 1980. Toronto Blizzard He left Forest in 1982 to play in Canada. He signed for Toronto Blizzard in the North American Soccer League. International Needham
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David Needham
International
was capped six times for England 'B', scoring twice.
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
David Ramsay (watchmaker) David Ramsay (died c. 1653), was clockmaker to James I and Charles I. Born in Scotland he belonged to the Ramsays of Dalhousie. His son William (fl. 1660) says that when James I succeeded to the crown of England, "he sent into France for my father, who was then there, and made him page of the bedchamber and groom of the privy chamber, and keeper of all his majesties' clocks and watches. This I mention that by some he hath bin termed no better than a watch maker. … It's confest his ingenuity led him to understand
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
any piece of work in that nature … and therefore the king conferred that place upon him" (Wm. Ramesay, Astrologia Restaurata, 1653, Preface to the Reader, p. 28). On 25 Nov. 1613 he was appointed clockmaker-extraordinary to the king with a pension of 50l. a year, and in March 1616 a warrant was issued for the payment to him of 234l. 10s. for the purchase and repair of clocks and watches for the king. On 26 Nov. 1618 he was appointed chief clockmaker, and on 27 July 1619 letters of denization were granted to him. Various other warrants were passed for
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
payments for his services, and in one which bears date 17 March 1627 he is described as ‘David Ramsay, esq., our clockmaker and page of our bedchamber.’ His early works are marked ‘David Ramsay, Scotus.’ On the incorporation of the Clockmakers' Company in 1631 Ramsay became the first master, but he probably took very little part in the work of the society. Upon taking the oath before the lord mayor he was described as ‘of the city of London,’ but the city records do not furnish any evidence that he was a freeman. Scott introduces a David Ramsay, without any strict
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
regard for historical accuracy, in the opening chapter of ‘The Fortunes of Nigel’ as the keeper of a shop ‘a few yards to the eastward of Temple Bar.’ Ramsay was also a student of the occult sciences. In William Lilly's ‘Life and Times,’ 1715, p. 32, an amusing account is given of an attempt made in 1634 by Ramsay and others to discover hidden treasure in Westminster Abbey by means of the divining rod, when the operations were interrupted by fierce blasts of wind, attributed by the terrified spectators to demons, who were, however, promptly exorcised. Sir Edward Coke, writing to Secretary
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
Windebanke, on 9 May 1639, about a demand for money which it was inconvenient to meet, says: ‘If, now, David Ramsay can co-operate with his philosopher's stone, he would do a good service.’ There are also entries in the ‘Calendars of State Papers,’ dated 28 July 1628 and 13 Aug. 1635, relating to hidden treasure which Ramsay proposed to discover. A manuscript in the Sloane Collection, No. 1046, bearing the title ‘Liber Philosophicus, de divinis mysteriis, de Deo, Hominibus, anima, meteoris,’ is attributed to him on insufficient authority. He was also an inventor, and between 1618 and 1638 he obtained eight
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
patents (Nos. 6, 21, 49, 50, 53, 68, 78, 117). Although the full ‘titles’ of these patents are given in the indexes published by the commissioners of patents, no information as to the precise nature of the inventions is extant. They relate to ploughing land, fertilising barren ground, raising water by fire, propelling ships and boats, manufacture of saltpetre, making tapestry without a loom, refining copper, bleaching wax, separating gold and silver from the base metals, dyeing fabrics, heating boilers, kilns for drying and burning bricks and tiles, and smelting and refining iron by means of coal (Cal. State Papers,
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
1619, 1622–3–5). In his later years he fell into poverty, and in 1641, while a prisoner for debt, he petitioned the House of Lords for payment of six years' arrears of his pension as groom of the privy chamber (Hist. MSS. Comm. 4th Rep. p. 110 a). Towards the payment of those arrears the committee for advance of money, by an order dated 13 Jan. 1645, granted him one third of the money arising from his discovery of delinquents' estates (Cal. of Committee for Advance of Money, i. 40). It would appear from this that he had joined the parliamentary party.
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
On 11 Feb. 1651 there is a note in the proceedings of the council of state that a petition of David Ramsay was referred to the mint committee (Cal. State Papers, 1651–2, p. 140). Specimens of Ramsay's watches are to be found in the British Museum, in South Kensington Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. A watch belonging to Mrs. Holmes of Gawdy Hall, Norfolk, is described in ‘Norfolk Archæology’ (vi. 2). A technical description of several specimens is given in Britten's ‘Former Clock and Watch Makers,’ . His son William, in the dedication to his father of
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
his ‘Vox Stellarum,’ 1652, refers to the latter's pecuniary difficulties, which gave ‘occasion to some inferior-spirited people not to value you according to what you both are by nature and in yourself.’ The date of Ramsay's death is unknown, but he appears to have been living in 1653, the postscript of his son's ‘Astrologia Restaurata’ being dated 17 Jan. of that year, ‘from my study in my father's house in Holborn, within two doors of the Wounded Hart, near the King's Gate.’ In the ‘Calendar of State Papers,’ under date 21 June 1661, there is a petition of Sir Theophilus Gilby
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David Ramsay (watchmaker)
and Mary, widow of David Ramsay, who states that she raised troops for the king's service ‘at Duke Hamilton's coming into England,’ since which time she has been sequestered and plundered. But she may possibly have been the widow of another David Ramsay, a courtier, from whom it is very difficult to distinguish the clockmaker in contemporary records.
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Deutsche Journalistenschule
History
Deutsche Journalistenschule History It was founded in 1949 by Werner Friedmann, co-editor of Süddeutsche Zeitung. He modeled the school after the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, which he saw while visiting the United States of America. The original name of the school, Werner Friedmann Institute, was later changed into Deutsche Journalistenschule e.V. (DJS), which means German School of Journalism. For the following decades, DJS was the only professional school for journalism in West-Germany. Its students are taught by professional journalists of prominent German media outlets like Der Spiegel, Süddeutsche Zeitung or ARD. Only 45 students are accepted every year. The
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Deutsche Journalistenschule
History
curriculum consists of classes in writing, research, TV-producing and others. In her speech on the school's 60th anniversary, Chancellor Angela Merkel called the DJS "a good piece of the success story of the Bundesrepublik Deutschland". Many editors-in-chief of renowned German newspapers and magazines were once students of the DJS. In May 2012, the school moved from the former location in the heart of the city centre (Altheimer Eck) to the east of Munich (Hultschiner Straße 8), sharing the address with the Süddeutsche Verlag, the publishing house of Süddeutsche Zeitung. The school is currently led by Henriette Loewisch.
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Dichomeris argentenigera
Etymology
Dichomeris argentenigera Etymology The species name refers to the colour of the forewings and is derived from the Latin prefix argente- (meaning silvery) and the word niger (meaning black).
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Digital Age (TV series)
Digital Age (TV series) Digital Age TV program hosted by James Goodale, formerly Vice Chairman of The New York Times, is a weekly discussion TV show much like Richard Heffner's the Open Mind. Recent guests have included journalists Carl Bernstein and Judith Miller, as well as, economist Robert Hormats from Goldman Sachs, former FBI chief Louis Freeh, Executive Director of the Reporters Committee for the Freedom of the Press Lucy Dalglish, Henry Blodget, Porter Bibb and Senator Charles E. Schumer (D-NY). Guests on previous shows have included TV anchors Walter Cronkite, Dan Rather and Tom Brokaw; former Secretary of State Henry
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Digital Age (TV series)
Kissinger, CIA Director James Woolsey and Senator Bob Kerrey.
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Dinah the Pink Dinosaur
Background
Dinah the Pink Dinosaur Dinah the Pink Dinosaur (sometimes referred to as Dinah the Dinosaur) is a 40-foot (12 m) tall anthropomorphized statue of a dinosaur, located in just off Main Street (US-40) in Vernal, Utah, United States. Background The statue weighs 4,200 pounds (1,900 kg) and is composed of pink fiberglass. It was originally built in 1958 to hold a sign for the Dine-A-Ville Motel and served this purpose until the motel went out of business and was demolished. It was later moved to a city park in the eastern part of town and now holds a sign welcoming visitors that
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Dinah the Pink Dinosaur
Background
reads "Vernal—Utah's Dinosaur Land".
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Don't Whisper
Synopsis
Don't Whisper Synopsis We meet the characters from Vesna again in this film. Vesna is on half-term holidays in the mountains, being looked after by her aunt. A meeting with Vesna's boyfriend upsets her family and they decide that she should marry because they think she is pregnant. The confusion suits the young couple who wanted to get married in the first place.
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Doug Melvin (rower)
Doug Melvin (rower) Douglas V Melvin (born 1928) is a British rower who twice won the Wingfield Sculls, the amateur sculling championship of the River Thames. Melvin was born at Lancaster. He took a job there with the Electricity Board, and was working there and rowing for John O'Gaunt Rowing Club when he won the Wingfield Sculls in 1955. He was encouraged by Eric Phelps to join London Rowing Club and was able to transfer his Electricity Board job to Wandsworth in order to do so. This gave him the opportunity to train alongside other notable scullers at the
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Doug Melvin (rower)
club including Farn Carpmael, John Marsden, Tony Fox and John Pinches. In the Diamond Challenge Sculls in 1955 he reached the semi-final where he met Teodor Kocerka, the eventual winner. He went on to represent Great Britain in the single sculls at the European Championships later the same year. In 1956 he was selected as the spare man for the Great Britain team for the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. After his boat and blades were shipped off to the Games he was de-selected in favour of someone more inclined to rowing rather than sculling. In 1957 he won the
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Doug Melvin (rower)
Scullers Head of the River Race and 1958, the Wingfield Sculls again. In 1960 Melvin retired from competitive rowing to concentrate on his career. However he became a coach and a GB selector. In later years he returned to competitive rowing as a veteran oarsman and sculler. In 2000 he was elected President of London Rowing Club and held the office for four years. He was the President of John O'Gaunt Rowing Club from 1966 to 2009.
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Drillia diasi
Distribution
Drillia diasi Distribution This marine species occurs in the demersal zone of the Atlantic Ocean off South Africa.
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DuckTales: Scrooge's Loot
Storyline
DuckTales: Scrooge's Loot Storyline Uncle Scrooge is robbed by Flintheart Glomgold, Ma Beagle, and Magica De Spell. The player has to recover as much stolen loot as possible.
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Dunbar School (Phoenix, Arizona)
History
Dunbar School (Phoenix, Arizona) History Dunbar School was one of the first elementary school built by Phoenix Elementary School District specifically for African-American students. It is named after poet Paul Lawrence Dunbar. While officials with the Dunbar School has labeled the school as a "historically Black school" during the era of segregation, contemporary sources have described the school as a segregated school during the era. At the time, segregation was optional for high schools in Arizona, but mandatory for elementary schools. The school, along with Frederick Douglass and Booker T. Washington, were the three segregated elementary schools in Phoenix. By 1925, the
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Dunbar School (Phoenix, Arizona)
History & Student population
school outgrew its two classrooms, and parents of those who attended the school depaded a new school, resulting in the construction of a one-story brick building. The school's construction was funded with monies from a $650,000 bond issue that passed in 1924. Now, the school, like all schools in the United States following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling, is operated as an integrated institution. The school was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, and was added to the City of Phoenix's Historic Property Register in 2005. Student population In the 2014-2015 school year, the school
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Dunbar School (Phoenix, Arizona)
Student population
had a student population of 304, with an overwhelming majority of the students either classified as "Hispanics" or African Americans.
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ESAN University
History
ESAN University History In 1962, the U.S. Agency for International Development, established by the US president John F. Kennedy, summons the main business schools to study the possibility of developing management and businesses programs in Latin America. This Project was trusted to Ernst Arbuckle, Dean of the Graduate School of Business of Stanford University, he assumed the challenge and grouped up a team of professors led by Gail M. Oxley and Alan B. Coleman to evaluate in site the feasibility of undertaking this ambitious project. This is how on July 25 of 1963 the Peruvian and American governments founded the “Escuela
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ESAN University
History
de Administración de Negocios para Graduados, ESAN” or “ESAN, Graduate School of Business” as known in English. Its organization was trusted to the Stanford Graduate School of Business and professor Alan B. Coleman. Shortly after, a seminar on international high management was taught. A few months later, ESAN opened its doors and professionals from all Latin America applied for studying in the first full-time MBA in the Spanish-speaking world. The following year, on April 1 of 1964, the 1st promotion of the Magister program started classes. More than 54 years have gone by since then, but the tone, style and spirit of
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ESAN University
History & International accreditation
the American teachers who forged ESAN remain valid even these days in ESAN University. International accreditation ESAN received AMBA (Association of MBAs) accreditation in 2002, being the first Peruvian MBA program and institution of higher education to be internationally credited by this association. In 2013 ESAN University received international accreditation from AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) for 10 of their programs: 7 postgraduate masters and 3 bachelor's degrees.
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Eaton, Colorado
History
Eaton, Colorado History The town is named after Benjamin Harrison Eaton, a pioneer of irrigation who played a leading role in transforming the arid prairie of the Great Plains east of Colorado's Front Range into a thriving agricultural region with water brought from the nearby Rocky Mountains in the late 19th century. Much of the farming country around Eaton, Colorado continues to depend on the irrigation systems engineered by Eaton and others to this day. Eaton later served as Governor of Colorado from 1885 to 1887. The town of Eaton was incorporated in 1892. Eaton was first named Eatonton to
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Eaton, Colorado
History
avoid conflict with the Easton post office in El Paso county. When Easton had changed its name to Eastonville, the last syllable of Eatonton was dropped, and the town has since been known as Eaton. The first citizens of Eaton began to settle in 1880. One of the only occupations available was working on irrigation ditches from Eaton to Greeley. On September 28, 1892, a petition was submitted to the county judge signed by 36 residents requesting that Eaton be incorporated, including Benjamin Eaton himself. The county judge ordered that an election be held to decide whether or not the remaining residents
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Eaton, Colorado
History & Geography & Notable People
desired Eaton to be incorporated. 50 votes were cast and every one of them were in support of incorporation. Eaton's incorporation was effected October 27, 1892. Geography Eaton is located at 40°31′46″N 104°42′47″W (40.529481, -104.713177), on the Denver, Colorado-Cheyenne, Wyoming mainline of the Union Pacific Railroad, and along U.S. Route 85, approximately 7 miles north of Greeley, Colorado. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km²), all land Notable People Austin Ekeler, current running back for the Los Angeles Chargers in the National Football League, attended and played high school football
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Eaton, Colorado
Notable People
for The Fightin' Reds at Eaton High School.
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Ee Sabdam Innathe Sabdam
Plot
Ee Sabdam Innathe Sabdam Plot A group of boys stalks and harasses their neighbor, Dr. Ramachandran and his wife, Sharada, who made complaints against them a few times. Sharada was raped and murdered by them after keeping Dr. Ramachandran as hostage. They also raped his sister, and she falls into mental illness. Ramachandran seeks vengeance and becomes a vigilante against his wife's killers.
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161,408
Q21061985
2
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6
581
Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
Early life and education
Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall Early life and education Sherwood-Randall's father, Richard E. Sherwood, was a senior partner in a Los Angeles law firm, a patron of the arts in Los Angeles, and a leader of the Asia Society and the Rand-UCLA Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies. She has one brother, Ben Sherwood. She received a bachelor's degree from Harvard University, and a doctorate in international relations from Oxford University, where she was a Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College. She and her brother, Ben Sherwood, were the first sister and brother in the same family to win Rhodes Scholarships. Her Harvard roommate
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161,408
Q21061985
6
581
14
372
Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
Early life and education & Deputy Secretary of Energy & Publications
was future United States Secretary of Commerce, Penny Pritzker. Deputy Secretary of Energy Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall was nominated by President Barack Obama to be Deputy Secretary of Energy on July 8, 2014, and was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 18, 2014. Publications She has published widely on national security issues, mainly on U.S alliances and nuclear proliferation. Her first book, Allies in Crisis: Meeting Global Challenges to Western Security, looked at the history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and described how it handled crises outside of Europe without weakening the organization. In 2006, she wrote Alliances and
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161,408
Q21061985
14
372
18
88
Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
Publications & Personal life
American National Security, which makes the case for modernizing U.S. alliances as a means to reach the nation's security goals. Personal life She is married to neurosurgeon Jeffrey Randall. They have two sons, Richard and William.
{"datasets_id": 161409, "wiki_id": "Q17110037", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 67}
161,409
Q17110037
2
0
10
67
Elizabeth Withstandley
Background & Artwork
Elizabeth Withstandley Background Her work has been featured at Museum of Contemporary Art in North Miami, Florida; Oficina Cultural Oswald de Andrade in São Paulo, Brazil; Bass Museum of Art, Ringling Museum of Art, Fredric Snitzer Gallery, Nexus Contemporary Art Center, and the Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester, New York; Meyerhoff Gallery at the Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland; The Moore Space, Miami, FL Galerie Valerie Cueto Paris, France, Winslow Garage, Los Angeles The Torrance Art Museum and Dimensions Variable Miami, Florida. Artwork Much of her work touches upon exaggerations of the common person in
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161,409
Q17110037
10
67
10
691
Elizabeth Withstandley
Artwork
a day and age where the entertainment industry is the center of many people's lives whose interdisciplinary work includes photography, film, and installation art, often explores self-worth and positions in society in an age when social media and the entertainment industry are at the center of culture. Her recent work "You Can Not Be Replaced" is a two channel video installation that shows all 82 current and former members of The Polyphonic Spree which asks the viewer to question the idea of individualism. The idea of individualism and identity are common themes throughout her work. She organized the exhibition Smoke
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161,409
Q17110037
10
691
10
978
Elizabeth Withstandley
Artwork
& Mirrors at The Torrance Art Museum with the artist Gioj De Marco in 2018. Thirteen artists were included in the exhibition exploring the line in between fact and fiction. Withstandley presented The Real Brian Wilson, a 2 channel HD projection with digital artifacts in the exhibition.
{"datasets_id": 161410, "wiki_id": "Q26260212", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 123}
161,410
Q26260212
2
0
6
123
Emmanuel Daniel (footballer)
International career
Emmanuel Daniel (footballer) International career Daniel got his first call up to the senior Nigeria side for a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Zambia in October 2016.
{"datasets_id": 161411, "wiki_id": "Q461300", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 552}
161,411
Q461300
2
0
6
552
Erik Knudsen
Life and career
Erik Knudsen Life and career Knudsen was born in Toronto, Ontario. In 1999, Knudsen got his first acting role as Alex Schreffler in the TV series Real Kids, Real Adventures. In 2001, Knudsen guest starred on The Guardian and appeared in three other episodes. He was nominated for a Young Artist Award for his performance. In 2003, Knudsen starred in the TV series Mental Block. He co-starred as Leroy "Lefty" in the film adaptation of Youth in Revolt, and in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World as Lucas "Crash" Wilson, who was the lead singer of fictional band Crash and the Boys.
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161,411
Q461300
6
552
6
1,168
Erik Knudsen
Life and career
In 2005, he starred in the horror film Saw II. Knudsen portrayed Robbie in the 2011 film Scream 4. Knudsen played Ryan in The Barrens, co-starring True Blood's Stephen Moyer, which was released in late 2012. He portrayed teen tech genius Alec Sadler in the Canadian science fiction series Continuum, along with Rachel Nichols and Victor Webster, and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor for the role for two consecutive years at the Saturn Awards. He appears in Bon Cop, Bad Cop 2, the horror feature Darker Than Night, as well as Stephen King-based sci-fi TV series The Mist, and space adventure
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161,411
Q461300
6
1,168
6
1,191
Erik Knudsen
Life and career
drama series Killjoys.
{"datasets_id": 161412, "wiki_id": "Q91399", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 591}
161,412
Q91399
2
0
6
591
Ernst Glaeser
Early years
Ernst Glaeser Early years Ernst Glaeser was born on 29 July 1902 in Butzbach, Hesse. His family was Lutheran. In 1912 the family moved when his father became a magistrate in Groß-Gerau, Hesse. Ernst Glaeser attended a humanistic secondary school in Darmstadt, Hesse. He then studied law, philosophy and German subjects at Freiburg im Breisgau, Brussels and Munich. He became a journalist, novelist, essayist and wrote radio plays. After graduation, Glaeser worked as a dramaturge at the "New Theater" in Frankfurt. Under the Weimar Republic he was put on trial in Kassel in 1927 when one of his books was said
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161,412
Q91399
6
591
10
375
Ernst Glaeser
Early years & Literary success
to be blasphemous. From 1928 to 1930 he was literary editor at the Southwest German Radio, and a member of the staff of the Frankfurter Zeitung. He used the pseudonyms Anton Ditschler, Alexander Ruppel, Erich Meschede and Ernst Töpfer. Literary success Glaeser became a pacifist, and perhaps vaguely flirted with Communism. In 1928 he published Jahrgang 1902 ("Born in 1902"), a novel that was translated into 24 languages and earned him an international reputation. Jahrgang 1902 is an autobiographical novel about youthful political and sexual awakening in a small German town before and during World War I (1914–18). The tone
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161,412
Q91399
10
375
14
328
Ernst Glaeser
Literary success & Nazi era
is both melancholy and humorous. He had further success with his 1930 novel Frieden ("Peace"). Left wing intellectuals viewed his novels as progressive. In 1930 he was invited to the attend the Second International Conference of Revolutionary Writers in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Nazi era On 10 May 1933 the Nazis made a formal ceremony of burning Glaeser's books, which were removed from the public libraries. He moved to Prague in 1934, and then to Switzerland. In his novel The Last Civilian (Zürich 1935) Glaeser describes Nazism as an epidemic and Hitler as a hysteric. He attributes Hitler's success to the loss
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161,412
Q91399
14
328
14
946
Ernst Glaeser
Nazi era
of morale and wealth of the petty bourgeoisie. Glaeser had left Germany due to fear rather than to any political conviction, and quickly found he could not bear to live away from his beloved Germany. He returned to Germany in May 1939. He was accused by other exiled writers of having betrayed his principles. After his return Glaeser labeled the émigrés as traitors, and swore an oath of allegiance to the Reich. He was given permission by the Propaganda Ministry to publish literary works under the pseudonym "Ernst Töpfer", subject to prior review and approval by the literature department. Joseph Goebbels
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161,412
Q91399
14
946
18
228
Ernst Glaeser
Nazi era & Last years
hoped Glaeser would write a trilogy that would avow faith in the German Volk and would attack emigration. During World War II (1939–45) he edited Adler in Süden, a Luftwaffe newspaper distributed in North Africa and Italy. He made no progress on the novel of exile and return, and in January 1943 his permission to publish was withdrawn. Last years Glaeser tried to resume writing after the war, but did not produce any important works. His Glanz und Elend der Deutschen (1960) gives a depressing view of corruption and militarism in West Germany, but he also wrote a series of
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161,412
Q91399
18
228
18
328
Ernst Glaeser
Last years
essays in which he praised West German politicians. Ernst Glaeser died on 8 February 1963 in Mainz.
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161,413
Q1358714
2
0
6
612
Ernst Hirsch Ballin
Early life
Ernst Hirsch Ballin Early life Hirsch Ballin was born to a Jewish father Prof. Dr. Ernst Danny Hirsch Ballin, and a Roman Catholic mother. After completing his secondary education, he studied law at the University of Amsterdam and became a practicing Catholic. He graduated in 1974, and he received a Master of Laws degree. He received a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1979 for his dissertation on public law and policy, which focussed on fundamental issues surrounding the work of the Advisory Council on Government Policy (WRR). Hirsch Ballin was a research assistant in constitutional law at the University of Amsterdam from
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161,413
Q1358714
6
612
10
440
Ernst Hirsch Ballin
Early life & Politics
1974 to 1977. He was subsequently employed as a legal officer at the Ministry of Justice. In 1981 he was appointed professor of constitutional and administrative law at Tilburg University. Politics From 7 November 1989 to 27 May 1994 Hirsch Ballin served as Minister of Justice and Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs in the Cabinet Lubbers III. In 1994 he offered his resignation, after turmoil about the Dutch Criminal Investigation Department. After the Cabinet Kok I with a coalition of the Dutch Labour Party, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and Democrats 66 came to power the Christian Democratic
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161,413
Q1358714
10
440
10
1,041
Ernst Hirsch Ballin
Politics
Appeal was pushed to the opposition and Hirsch Ballin became a Member of the House of Representatives a post he held until 1995. During this period he was also professor of legislative issues at the Tilburg University. In 1995 he was appointed professor of international law at the same university and later became Member of the Senate. He was elected as a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2005. In 2000 Hirsch Ballin was appointed to the Dutch Council of State and he resigned as a Member of the Senate. Hirsch Ballin has held numerous other positions,
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161,413
Q1358714
10
1,041
10
1,741
Ernst Hirsch Ballin
Politics
among them government commissioner for the review of legislation, member of the Board of the Netherlands Atlantic Association, member of Committee 2004 (for the relationship between the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba) and deputy justice on the Central Appeals Tribunal and the Administrative Court for Trade and Industry. He has been editor of the Dutch administrative law journal "Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Bestuursrecht" and the book series European and International Law. On 23 May 2008 satirical cartoonist Gregorius Nekschot was arrested which caused (inter)national controversy. Hirsch Ballin wanted to pass a bill on blasphemy, but failed. He was accused of causing
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161,413
Q1358714
10
1,741
14
66
Ernst Hirsch Ballin
Politics & Family
the cartoonist to be brought to court for blasphemy to get a verdict to bypass the parliament. Hirsch Ballin is also an active member of the Justice Leadership Initiative. Family Ernst Hirsch Ballin is married; he and his wife have two children.
{"datasets_id": 161414, "wiki_id": "Q5419050", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 16}
161,414
Q5419050
2
0
8
16
Ewing Werlein Jr.
Early life, education, and career & Federal judicial service
Ewing Werlein Jr. Early life, education, and career Born in Houston, Texas, Werlein received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Southern Methodist University in 1958 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Texas School of Law in 1961. He was in private practice in Houston in 1961, and then served as a first lieutenant Judge Advocate in the United States Air Force Judge Advocate General Corps from 1961 to 1964, continuing to serve as a United States Air Force Reserve captain from 1964 to 1971. He returned to private practice in Houston from 1964 to 1992. Federal judicial
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161,414
Q5419050
8
16
10
423
Ewing Werlein Jr.
Federal judicial service
service Texas Senator Phil Gramm recommended Werlein for nomination to the federal bench. On November 20, 1991, Werlein was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 8, 1992, and received his commission on April 13, 1992. He assumed senior status on January 1, 2006.
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161,415
Q5419567
2
0
4
627
Exchange Equalisation Account
Exchange Equalisation Account The Exchange Equalisation Account (EEA) is a fund of Her Majesty's Treasury in the United Kingdom. It holds the country's reserves of foreign currencies, gold, and special drawing rights (SDR) held at the International Monetary Fund. It was set up to provide funding which if necessary can be used to manage the exchange value of pound sterling on international markets. The EEA was established by Neville Chamberlain's budget of 19 April 1932 following the pound's exit from the gold exchange standard the previous September. The Exchange Stabilization Fund is a similar fund operated by the US Treasury since
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161,415
Q5419567
4
627
4
674
Exchange Equalisation Account
1934. It was created as a response to the EEA.
{"datasets_id": 161416, "wiki_id": "Q12525128", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 529}
161,416
Q12525128
2
0
10
529
Ezekiel 46
Text & Textual witnesses
Ezekiel 46 Text The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 24 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ᴮ; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ᴬ;
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161,416
Q12525128
10
529
10
586
Ezekiel 46
Textual witnesses
5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).
{"datasets_id": 161417, "wiki_id": "Q2207235", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 351}
161,417
Q2207235
2
0
10
351
Fairbanks Ranch, California
Geography & 2010
Fairbanks Ranch, California Geography Fairbanks Ranch is located at 32°59′45″N 117°10′59″W (32.995786, -117.183106). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km²). 5.1 square miles (13 km²) of it is land and 0.09% is water. 2010 The 2010 United States Census reported that Fairbanks Ranch had a population of 3,148. The population density was 619.8 people per square mile (239.3/km²). The racial makeup of Fairbanks Ranch was 2,780 (88.3%) White, 24 (0.8%) African American, 7 (0.2%) Native American, 209 (6.6%) Asian, 4 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 34 (1.1%) from other races, and 90
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161,417
Q2207235
10
351
10
998
Fairbanks Ranch, California
2010
(2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 224 persons (7.1%). The Census reported that 3,148 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 1,099 households, out of which 393 (35.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 891 (81.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 39 (3.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 28 (2.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 22 (2.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (0.7%) same-sex married
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161,417
Q2207235
10
998
10
1,546
Fairbanks Ranch, California
2010
couples or partnerships. 111 households (10.1%) were made up of individuals and 53 (4.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86. There were 958 families (87.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.04. The population was spread out with 759 people (24.1%) under the age of 18, 204 people (6.5%) aged 18 to 24, 378 people (12.0%) aged 25 to 44, 1,250 people (39.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 557 people (17.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.4 years.
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161,417
Q2207235
10
1,546
14
99
Fairbanks Ranch, California
2010 & 2000
For every 100 females, there were 94.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males. There were 1,218 housing units at an average density of 239.8 per square mile (92.6/km²), of which 1,030 (93.7%) were owner-occupied, and 69 (6.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.1%. 2,945 people (93.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 203 people (6.4%) lived in rental housing units. 2000 As of the census of 2000, there were 2,244 people, 734 households, and 654 families residing in the
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161,417
Q2207235
14
99
14
702
Fairbanks Ranch, California
2000
CDP. The population density was 433.0 inhabitants per square mile (167.3/km²). There were 798 housing units at an average density of 154.0 per square mile (59.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.35% White, 0.18% African American, 0.27% Native American, 5.61% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.57% of the population. There were 734 households out of which 43.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 85.3% were married couples living together, 2.2% had a female householder with
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161,417
Q2207235
14
702
14
1,216
Fairbanks Ranch, California
2000
no husband present, and 10.8% were non-families. 7.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.20. In the CDP, the population was spread out with 29.2% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 18.9% from 25 to 44, 36.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For
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161,417
Q2207235
14
1,216
14
1,661
Fairbanks Ranch, California
2000
every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was in excess of $200,000, as is the median income for a family. Males had a median income of over $100,000 versus $36,591 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $94,150. About 3.4% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
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161,418
Q28456734
2
0
6
662
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
History
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy History The Confea officially came out with that name on December 11, 1933, through Decree No. 23,569, promulgated by the then President of the Republic, Getúlio Vargas and considered landmark in the history of professional and technical regulation in Brazil. In its current conception, the Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy is governed by Law 5,194 of 1966, and also represents geographers, geologists, meteorologists, technologists of these modalities, industrial and agricultural technicians and their specializations, in a total of hundreds of professional titles. The Confea watches over the social and human interests of the whole society
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161,418
Q28456734
6
662
8
6
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
History & Areas of Jurisdiction
and, based on this, regulates and supervises the professional exercise of those who work in the areas it represents, with reference to respect for the citizen and nature. In its registers, the Confea / Crea System has registered around one million professionals who account for a considerable part of the Brazilian GDP, and move an increasingly demanding and demanding labor market in the specializations and knowledge of the technology, fed intensely by the technical discoveries And scientific aspects of man. The Federal Council is the maximum body to which a professional can appeal with regard to the regulation of professional practice. Areas
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161,418
Q28456734
8
5
10
632
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Areas of Jurisdiction
of Jurisdiction This work is the one of a historical research, made from documents received and dispatched by the Federal Council, from 1934 to 1977, as well as diverse publications about them and Confea Resolutions. The study was developed in 1992, under our Coordination in quality, the time, of the Chief of the Documentation Department, with a significant contribution by the Historian Gustavo Ponce de Leon Soriano Lago. The rescue of the previous denominations of the Regional Councils of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy is of fundamental importance to identify the origins of the documents produced by the Confea / Crea System
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161,418
Q28456734
10
632
14
145
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Areas of Jurisdiction & Confea Organs
and to keep registered part of this memory. We also point out that Confea has been constantly consulted on the previous denominations of Creas for various reasons, and this is also one of the justifications for this work. Eventually, inaccuracies in the work can be detected, which is why we request that the same be sent to the Confea, through the Management of Assistance to the Collegiate, so that we can make the necessary corrections. Confea Organs Confea's activities are led by a president, elected by the direct and secret vote of the professionals. In addition, the structure of the Federal
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161,418
Q28456734
14
145
14
814
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Confea Organs
Council has a Board of Directors, whose purpose is to assist the Plenary in the management of the House; An Evaluation and Articulation Board, which preliminarily analyzes the agenda of the plenary session, aiming at the effectiveness of the work; In addition to a Communication and Marketing Council, which aims to formulate and implement Confea's Editorial Policy. The Federal Council also has permanent committees and special commissions. The first assist the Plenary in matters within their competence. The latter meet specific transitional demands. Confea can also create working groups that aim to collect data and structure specific topics, with the aim
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161,418
Q28456734
14
814
22
175
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Confea Organs & Board Of Directors & Evaluation and Articulation Committee
of guiding the Confea bodies in solving issues and in establishing agreements. Board Of Directors Pursuant to Resolution No. 1,015, the Board of Directors has the purpose of assisting the Plenary in the management of Confea. It consists of the president and the vice president of the Federal Council, in addition to five directors. The officers are elected by the Plenary in the first ordinary session of each year. Evaluation and Articulation Committee According to Resolution No. 1,015 / 06, the Evaluation and Articulation Committee (CAA) aims to preliminarily analyze the agenda of the plenary sessions, in order to guarantee
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161,418
Q28456734
22
175
26
306
Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Evaluation and Articulation Committee & Communication and Marketing Council
the effectiveness of the work. The competence of the CAA consists of discussing and adopting consensual measures on matters scheduled for consideration by the plenary. This committee is composed of the president and the vice-president of the Federal Council, as well as directors and coordinators of the permanent committees. Communication and Marketing Council The Communication and Marketing Council (CCM) aims to formulate and implement Confea's editorial policy. According to Resolution No. 1.015 / 2006, it is for the CCM to consider and resolve on the corporate communication plan Confea; Supervise the execution and evaluate the results of the implementation of
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Communication and Marketing Council & Presidency
the communication plan; Appreciate editorial projects for the media to be submitted to the Plenary for approval; And decide on programs, projects and actions submitted for its appreciation, in accordance with the communication plan. Presidency José Tadeu da SilvaCivil engineer José Tadeu da Silva was born in 1953, in Ouro Fino / MG, is married, father of four children. He graduated from Pontifical Catholic University - PUC of Campinas / SP, in 1976. For the Otávio Bastos Foundation, he graduated in Law in 1992, and also a lawyer. In addition to being an entrepreneur, José Tadeu works in the area of
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Presidency
consulting, expertise, appraisals and engineering. He was a professor of materials resistance and stability of buildings at the Guaçuana Educational Foundation, a judicial expert in the Mogi Guaçu district and a councilor of the city council of the same municipality. He also served as vice-president and corregidor of the Ethics Corregidor And Parliamentary Decree of this Legislative House. He was also responsible for founding several Class Entities. Among them, the Association of Engineers and Architects of Mogi Guaçu (1982), the Society of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy of Mogi Mirim (1990) and the Society of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy of Itapira (1990). José
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Presidency
Tadeu da Silva has already presided over the Federation of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy Associations of the State of São Paulo (FAEASP) for three years (2000/2009), CRE-SP for two terms (2006/2008 and 2009/2011). He currently chairs the Brazilian Federation of Associations of Engineers - Febrae (2010/2015) and the Pan American Union of Engineers Associations - Upadi (2015/2016). He is also a member of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO / FMOI). In 2011, he was elected to the presidency of Confea, with a mandate from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014, and re-elected in 2014 for a term from
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Presidency & Plenary
January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. In Its management, has developed actions in the national scenario to strengthen the Brazilian Engineering and the participation of professionals in the quotidian of the public policies that involve the technological areas. It has defended legality and transparency, guiding the activities of the Council with a focus on defending society and guaranteeing the sustainability of the Confea / Crea and Mútua System. Plenary The purpose of the Confea Plenary is to assess and decide on matters related to the competencies of the Federal Council. It is constituted by a president and by 18
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Plenary
federal councilors, according to the provisions of specific regulations, being renewed annually in one third. It is the plenary that appreciates and decides on draft resolutions aimed at regulating and executing the law and on draft normative decision aimed at establishing understandings or determining procedures for unity of action of the Confe / Crea System. The Plenary also regulates integration issues with the state and society, the qualification and professional supervision, and economic and financial control; Appreciates and decides on the normative act of Crea, among several other competences. More information about the Plenary and its competence can be found in Rules of
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Plenary & Workgroups & Workgroups in Force
Confea , approved by Resolution No. 1.015 / 2006. Workgroups Resolution No. 1,015 of June 30, 2006, which approves the Federal Council of Engineering, Architecture and Agronomy, created the possibility of having working groups to subsidize the execution of Federal actions. Workgroups in Force Established by the Confea Plenary, the Working Groups deal with issues ranging from structural issues of the System and studies for changes in existing laws and regulations (such as shadowing assignments with other professions and advice and representation of mid-level technicians In plenary sessions) to sustainability and to bills of interest of professionals in the technological
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Workgroups in Force & Thematic Commissions & Special Commissions
area. Thematic Commissions Imposed in the Confea by Resolution No. 1060/2014, the thematic committees aim to collect data and study specific subjects, continuing nature, the aim of assisting the standing committees of Confea on relevant topics discussion that permeate the professions covered by Confea / Believe. Each thematic committee consists of no more than five members and each standing committee may set up at most three thematic committees. There are currently three thematic committees in place. Special Commissions According to art. 4 of Resolution No. 1,015 of June 30, 20006, which approves the regiment of the Federal Council of Engineering, Architecture
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Federal Council of Engineering and Agronomy
Special Commissions
and Agronomy, to support the execution of its actions, Confea is advised by special commissions.
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Federico Damián Alonso
Federico Damián Alonso Federico Damian Alonso Del Monte (born 4 April 1991) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a Centre-back for Murciélagos F.C..
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
Background
Five-Year Plans of South Korea Background Both North and South Korea had survived the Korean War (1950–53). From the end of World War II, South Korea remained largely dependent on U.S. aid until an internal revolution occurred in 1961. American economic aid failed in its goal of creating an industrial base in South Korea largely thanks to corruption. While the South Koreans did not starve and were able to keep up with national defense, most of the aid was misappropriated for private use. This created a small class of wealthy Koreans at the expense of the majority of the country,
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
Background & Five-Year Plans
generating resentment. Despite this widespread corruption however, the Syngman Rhee administration had managed to use some U.S. aid to develop the countries education system, transportation infrastructure, and communications infrastructure. This investment resulted in the South Korean population being well educated by the time of the Park Chung-hee regime took over, with the infrastructure in place for rapid economic growth. In 1961, General Park Chung-hee seized political power and decided the country should become self-reliant by utilizing five-year plans. Five-Year Plans The plans were designed to increase wealth within South Korea and strengthen political stability. A change in policy from import
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
Five-Year Plans & 1962–1966
substitution industrialization to export-oriented growth occurred throughout these five-year plans. South Korea had three five-year plans under the auspices of the Economic Planning Board, a state bureaucracy pilot agency. 1962–1966 The first plan sought to expand electrical/coal energy industry, emphasizing importance on the infrastructure for establishing a solid foundation, agricultural productivity, export, neutralize balance of payments, and promote technological advancements. These policies were established, along with further investments in education and other social resources, to shift the Korean economy further towards an export oriented one. As part of these shifts, the share of workers in agriculture steadily declined in exchange
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
1962–1966 & 1967–1971
for more workers in manufacturing. The Korean economy observed a 7.8% growth, exceeding expectations, while GNP per capita grew from 83 to 125 US dollars. 1967–1971 The second five-year plan sought to shift the South Korean state into heavy industry by making South Korea more competitive in the world market, which was incorporated into all future five-year plans. The industry was based on steel and petrochemical industry. The major highways were built for easier transportation. U.S.-China's opening up in 1972 led to a greater competitive marketplace for South Korean goods and services. Fears also prevailed that the U.S. would no longer provide
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
1967–1971 & 1972–1976
military defense for South Korea. By the end of the second 5 year plan, South Korea was able to double its GNP per capita. 1972–1976 Park Chung Hee (박정희) (pronounced, Pahk Cheong Hui) implemented the third five-year plan which was referred to as the Heavy Chemical Industrialization Plan (HCI Plan) and, also, the "Big Push". The HCI Plan designated 5 separate fields as "strategic fields": Electronics, Shipbuilding, Machinery, Petrochemicals, and Non-ferrous metals. Faced with escalating North Korean threats, a potentially uncertain ally in the United States, and the changing security arrangements regarding Okinawa, South Korean political leaders looked to use
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
1972–1976 & 1977–1981
a heavy industry drive to lessen their military dependence on the United States and build up the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. To fund the HCIP, the government borrowed heavily from foreign countries (not foreign direct investment, so that it could direct its project). 1977–1981 By the time of the fourth plan, GNP per capita in 1977 was 1,000 US dollars. However, in 1978, because of price of goods, real estate speculation, lack of everyday necessities and various produce, etc., previously unaddressed problems began to arise. In 1979, the second oil shock pushed the Korean economy to harsher standards and
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
1977–1981 & 1982–1986 & 1987–1991
in 1980, the Gwangju Democratization Movement, political turmoil, pessimistic foresight, and unmet goals all contributed towards a first minus in the Korean economy in years. 1982–1986 The Fifth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1982–86) sought to shift the emphasis away from heavy and chemical industries, to technology-intensive industries, such as precision machinery, electronics (televisions, videocassette recorders, and semiconductor-related products), and information. More attention was to be devoted to building high-technology products in greater demand on the world market. 1987–1991 The Sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1987–91) to a large extent continued to emphasize the goals of the
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Five-Year Plans of South Korea
1987–1991
previous plan. The government intended to accelerate import liberalization and to remove various types of restrictions and nontariff barriers on imports. These moves were designed to mitigate adverse effects, such as monetary expansion and delays in industrial structural adjustment, which can arise because of a large surplus of funds. Seoul pledged to continue phasing out direct assistance to specific industries and instead to expand manpower training and research and development in all industries, especially the small and medium-sized firms that had not received much government attention previously. Seoul hoped to accelerate the development of science and technology by raising the