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{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 34, "sc": 748, "ep": 34, "ec": 1346} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 34 | 748 | 34 | 1,346 | Brücken, Kusel | Recent times | of Saarbrücken and the Department of Sarre (Département de la Sarre), whose seat was at Trier. In 1814, the French withdrew from the German lands on the Rhine’s left bank, and Brücken was at first assigned to the district of Ottweiler. After a transitional time – the changes brought about by the Congress of Vienna had not quite taken hold – the Baierischer Rheinkreis (“Bavarian Rhine District”) came into being in 1816, later coming to be known as the bayerische Rheinpfalz (“Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate”), an exclave of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Brücken now lay within this new piece of Bavaria, |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 34, "sc": 1346, "ep": 34, "ec": 1982} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 34 | 1,346 | 34 | 1,982 | Brücken, Kusel | Recent times | and within the Bürgermeisterei (“Mayoralty”) of Schönenberg, to which belonged not only Schönenberg itself, but also the villages of Kübelberg and Schmittweiler, and this Bürgermeisterei further belonged to the canton of Waldmohr in the Landkommissariat (later Bezirksamt and Landkreis or district) of Homburg. After the First World War, the district of Homburg was grouped into the autonomous Saar. The canton of Waldmohr, though, remained with Bavaria – now the Free State of Bavaria now that the last king of Bavaria and the Kaiser had abdicated – and thus with Germany, too. It belonged with a branch location of the administration |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 34, "sc": 1982, "ep": 34, "ec": 2657} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 34 | 1,982 | 34 | 2,657 | Brücken, Kusel | Recent times | to the Bezirksamt of Kusel, which remained in existence until 1940. As early as 1895, the citizens of Brücken put forth a proposal to the Kingdom of Bavaria to split the village away from the Mayoralty of Schönenberg and found their own mayoralty, and a year later the appropriate municipal council decision was made. The raising of the village to self-governing municipality came about in 1921. After the Waldmohr branch administration had been dissolved, this mayoralty belonged administratively to the district of Kusel. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Brücken became an Ortsgemeinde in the Verbandsgemeinde of Schönenberg-Kübelberg |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 34, "sc": 2657, "ep": 38, "ec": 621} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 34 | 2,657 | 38 | 621 | Brücken, Kusel | Recent times & Municipality’s name | in 1972. Municipality’s name “Brücken” means “bridges” in modern German. As the municipality's name makes clear, the village arose at a little bridge (Brückchen in German) that crossed the Ohmbach here. The municipality is also known in the local speech as “Brigge”. In some of the earliest documentary mentions from 1372 and 1420, the village was called Brucken (without the umlaut). Beginning in the 16th century, however, the spelling Brückhen (1592) or Brücken (1611) became the preferred form. The name first appeared sometime before 1333 in the Glan-Münchweiler Weistum mentioned above under “History/Middle Ages”, in which the name appeared in |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 38, "sc": 621, "ep": 38, "ec": 1219} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 38 | 621 | 38 | 1,219 | Brücken, Kusel | Municipality’s name | two forms, Brückhen and Brugel. The latter form is to be understood as meaning “little bridge” (it has no modern German form). It is, however, a point of debate as to whether the Brückhen or Brugel in the Weistum actually refers to the village in question. Later documentary mentions render the placename Brucken (1372, 1420, 1438), Bruck (1440, 1564) or Pruck (1570). The name seems to have settled on Brücken by the early 17th century, although the form Ohmbachbrücken has also appeared, to distinguish the village from others with the same name (see Brücken and Brücken). Since 14 January 1954, |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 38, "sc": 1219, "ep": 42, "ec": 409} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 38 | 1,219 | 42 | 409 | Brücken, Kusel | Municipality’s name & Religion | the municipality's name has officially been “Brücken (Pfalz)”. On that day, the Rhineland-Palatinate state government approved the municipality's application to bear the tag “(Pfalz)”, which means “(Palatinate)”, as part of its name. Religion According to Dieter Zenglein's work in the chronicle, Brücken belonged with respect to ecclesiastical organization to the parish of Ohmbach as a branch with a chapel. The parish's main church had been given over as early as 976 to the Disibodenberg Monastery by Archbishop of Mainz Willigis. The Disibodenberg Monastery's holdings in the Oster valley and around Ohmbach were sold in 1256 to Count Gerlach V of |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 409, "ep": 42, "ec": 1043} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 409 | 42 | 1,043 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | Veldenz, who in turn, together with his wife Elisabeth, bequeathed these landholds and rights to the Wörschweiler Monastery in 1257. This monastery was secularized in the time of the Reformation. Even so, after the Reformation's introduction into Brücken, the village still belonged to the Church of Ohmbach, until its parish was dissolved in 1638. The chapel at Brücken might well have been razed during the Thirty Years' War. Since most of the newcomers who settled in Brücken after the war were Catholic, the chapel was reinstated for Catholic worshippers and consecrated to Saint Lawrence in 1724. Thereafter, the Catholic chapel |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 1043, "ep": 42, "ec": 1688} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 1,043 | 42 | 1,688 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | in Brücken was occupied by a chaplain and functioned as a branch church of the Kübelberg mother church for Brücken itself and also the neighbouring villages of Ohmbach, Dittweiler, Altenkirchen and Frohnhofen. Soon afterwards, though, in 1730, this branch split away from the parish church and got its own priest, a process prompted by a number of issues that had put parishioners at loggerheads. In Napoleonic times, ecclesiastical organization was thoroughly overhauled. The Diocese of Worms, which had hitherto been responsible, was dissolved and the Church of Brücken passed to the Diocese of Trier; fifteen years later, after Bavarian rule |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 1688, "ep": 42, "ec": 2289} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 1,688 | 42 | 2,289 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | had begun, it was transferred once again to the Diocese of Speyer. Likewise in the time of French rule, Kübelberg became a parish seat for the whole canton of Waldmohr. Breitenbach, Brücken, Glan-Münchweiler and Höchen were now held to be nothing more than auxiliary parishes within the greater cantonal parish. Since Brücken had a great Catholic community to tend, it was treated once more in Bavarian times as an parish unto itself. In 1838, the new Saint Lawrence's Church (Laurentiuskirche) arose on the spot in the heart of the village where the little mediaeval chapel had since been torn down. |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 2289, "ep": 42, "ec": 2954} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 2,289 | 42 | 2,954 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | After about one hundred years, this church, too, had become too small. By then, Adolf Hitler and the Nazis had come to power and war was looming. This put off the building of the foreseen new church, to be built somewhere in the village's northeast until after the Second World War; it was consecrated in 1955. The old church was torn down. Today, Brücken is an autonomous parish within the Schönenberg-Kübelberg parish group, to which the Catholic Christians in the municipalities of Altenkirchen, Dittweiler, Frohnhofen, Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Krottelbach and Ohmbach also belong.
If the Catholic inhabitants came to predominate after the repopulation |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 2954, "ep": 42, "ec": 3575} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 2,954 | 42 | 3,575 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | efforts after the Thirty Years' War and further immigration in the 18th century, there were nonetheless also Reformed and Lutheran communities in the village. Since the Catholics had the chapel at their disposal, they also had control of the bells, which long lay at the heart of a dispute as to whether they should also be rung for Evangelical burials. The Lutherans were granted approval about 1740 to build their own little church. The Catholics, with their local priest's support, tried to forestall the building of the church, which was nonetheless finished in 1742. The Reformed congregants still attended services |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 3575, "ep": 42, "ec": 4208} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 3,575 | 42 | 4,208 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | in Altenkirchen. After the unification of the two Protestant denominations in the 1818 Palatine Union, the Catholic church, which had since fallen into ruin, became a branch church of Altenkirchen for all the village's Protestants. A proper Evangelical church was, after long delays, was finally built in 1953, near the old chapel.
Besides the Christian denominations, there was, beginning in the late 18th century, also a Jewish community in the village. At first, worship was held at a prayer house with a cantor leading, until 1833, when the congregation, small as it still was, built itself a synagogue. About the middle |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 4208, "ep": 42, "ec": 4823} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 4,208 | 42 | 4,823 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion | of the 19th century, the Jewish community numbered some 70 members. Thereafter, the number of Jews in Brücken fell, mostly owing to emigration, leading to the dissolution of the hitherto autonomous community, which now joined the bigger Jewish worship community in neighbouring Steinbach am Glan. Among the members of the Jewish community was Isidor Triefus, the founder of the diamond-cutting industry in the village. As early as 1927, the by now long empty synagogue was auctioned off. By 1933 at the onset of the notoriously antisemitic Third Reich, there were ten Jews still living in the village, most of whom |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 42, "sc": 4823, "ep": 50, "ec": 132} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 42 | 4,823 | 50 | 132 | Brücken, Kusel | Religion & Mayor & Coat of arms | emigrated soon afterwards. Only the family Straaß stayed, whose fate was most unfortunate. In 1940, they were deported by the Nazis to Gurs internment camp in Gurs in the southwest of France, whence they were further transported in 1942 to Auschwitz. Only two family members survived the Holocaust.They were brother and sister, Walter and Mildrut (Mildred) who later emigrated to the United States. Mayor Brücken's mayor is Toni Guhmann, and his deputy is Pius Klein. Coat of arms The municipality's arms might be described thus: Sable issuant from base a bridge arched of two Or masoned of the field, surmounting |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 50, "sc": 132, "ep": 50, "ec": 724} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 50 | 132 | 50 | 724 | Brücken, Kusel | Coat of arms | the middle spandrel a diamond shining proper, upon the bridge a lion passant of the second armed, langued and crowned gules holding in his dexter prang a miner's hammer of the second.
The charge in the upper half of the escutcheon is the Palatine Lion. He holds, raised up in his right forepaw, a golden miner's hammer. The lion is walking along a stone bridge with two arches upon whose middle spandrel is a shining diamond. The bridge itself is a canting charge for the municipality's name, Brücken (“bridge” is Brücke in German). Moreover, the municipality was named for an actual |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 50, "sc": 724, "ep": 54, "ec": 328} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 50 | 724 | 54 | 328 | Brücken, Kusel | Coat of arms & Regular events | bridge. The Palatine Lion refers to Brücken's 350-year history as a holding of Electoral Palatinate. The tool in the lion's paw symbolizes the village's history as a coalmining centre. The local economic mainstay was for roughly a century diamond cutting, to which the diamond charge alludes. Regular events On the second weekend in September, the kermis (church consecration festival, locally known as the Brigger Kerb) is held, on the Sunday after the Nativity of Mary. To this day, this festival with its traditional kermis customs has retained its special meaning in Brücken's village life. Weeks before the kermis, the Straußjugend |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 54, "sc": 328, "ep": 54, "ec": 875} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 54 | 328 | 54 | 875 | Brücken, Kusel | Regular events | (the Strauß youth – Strauß is used here in a non-standard meaning; it means a log festooned with colourful streamers here, not a bouquet, not a set of feathers on a helmet, and certainly not an ostrich) gather to set about working on the kermis. Most of the work entails decorating the Strauß – which has only actually been made out of a spruce log since the early 1960s – onto which up to 25,000 paper streamers in thick, long rows are bound. Formerly, the Strauß was a spruce sapling onto whose twigs colourful bands, bows and glossy paper were |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 54, "sc": 875, "ep": 58, "ec": 5} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 54 | 875 | 58 | 5 | Brücken, Kusel | Regular events & Diamond-Cutting Museum | stuck. After a festive parade, the Strauß is put up at the inn and the kermis is called out, whereafter the Straußpfarrer (Pfarrer means “clergyman”) gives his speech. Then, the Strauß is christened with a glass of wine. On the Monday the Strauß is taken away and on the Tuesday the kermis is brought to an end. Traditionally the Brigger Kerb is celebrated for four days, and is today, as ever, a time when former villagers come back to Brücken for a visit.
There is also a rock festival each year, held on a cow stall. "Rock'um Kuhstall" Diamond-Cutting Museum This |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 58, "sc": 4, "ep": 58, "ec": 646} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 58 | 4 | 58 | 646 | Brücken, Kusel | Diamond-Cutting Museum | opened to the public in December 1998. The area of over 150 m² on the ground floor and first floor of the former convent of the Catholic parish of Brücken is home to the permanent exhibition. Besides a complete, fully functional diamond-cutting shop, complete with original workstations from various times and replicas of 35 of the world's biggest and most important diamonds, there is also a media room in which audiovisual documentation is shown. The ground floor of the building next door to the museum has integrated into it a small jewellery shop, “Nina’s Goldschmiede” (Goldschmiede means “goldsmith’s shop”).
Onto the existing |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 58, "sc": 646, "ep": 62, "ec": 228} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 58 | 646 | 62 | 228 | Brücken, Kusel | Diamond-Cutting Museum & Economic structure | convent building, a two-floor building has been built. Located on the ground floor here is the museum café “Brillant”, while the upper floor houses changing exhibits, which can be linked with the museum's area of specialization, in a large hall. The hall also affords room for cultural events and festive occasions.
Before the museum stands a statue of a diamond cutter by Peter Brauchle, a sculptor from Lustadt. Economic structure Originally, agricultural operations predominated in Brücken alongside the customary craft businesses, among which were many linen weavers. As of the late 18th century, there was also coalmining within Brücken's municipal limits. |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 62, "sc": 228, "ep": 62, "ec": 797} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 62 | 228 | 62 | 797 | Brücken, Kusel | Economic structure | In 1775, the Bernhardus colliery was opened. The Josephsgrube, another colliery, followed in 1785. Jewish dealers ran the livestock trade in the greater area. As early as 1372, a mill in Brücken was named, which likely had an end put to it by the Thirty Years' War. A new mill arose in the early 18th century and lasted until 1960; the property is today occupied by a building material dealership. Another mill in the Brücken area was the Paulengrunder Mühle in the Kohlbach valley, which was first mentioned in 1600 and is likely much older. It, too, was destroyed in |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 62, "sc": 797, "ep": 62, "ec": 1393} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 62 | 797 | 62 | 1,393 | Brücken, Kusel | Economic structure | the Thirty Years' War, but was later built again together with an inn. Only in 1973 did it, too, succumb to the great “mill death”. A third mill was the Neumühle (“New Mill”) which originally lay within Steinbach's limits, becoming amalgamated with Brücken in 1842. It was run as a gristmill and an oilmill. In 1864, it got a steam engine, making it independent of the water conditions in the Ohmbach. In 1887, it passed into Isidor Triefus's ownership. In 1888, Isidor Triefus founded the first diamond-finishing shop in Brücken, and indeed in the Palatinate, there. London diamond merchants at |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 62, "sc": 1393, "ep": 62, "ec": 2009} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 62 | 1,393 | 62 | 2,009 | Brücken, Kusel | Economic structure | that time did their own diamond finishing, bringing themselves substantially increased profits. This may well have made Triefus consider opening his own shop. His business laid the groundwork for a whole new industry in the region, and others soon sprang up in nearby villages, with most specializing in the brilliant cut. In January 1907, the firm Daßbach und Geier, founded in 1892 in Hanau, built a branch location in Brücken. It was the first competition that the Triefus diamond-finishing shop had ever had. Some of the diamond finishers were technically gifted and strove to improve the tools used for working |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 62, "sc": 2009, "ep": 62, "ec": 2600} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 62 | 2,009 | 62 | 2,600 | Brücken, Kusel | Economic structure | diamonds. The Pfälzer Doppen, also called the Amann-Doppen, a kind of dop developed and patented by Philipp Amann in 1928 that is still used today, was best at meeting the demands of the trade and became the standard everywhere. In all the world's countries in which diamonds are cut and polished, machines from the firm Amann are in use. In 1929, Brücken alone had 45 diamond-cutting shops with 375 employees. All together, the Western Palatinate had 108 diamond-cutting shops with 679 employees. In this same year, of course, came the onset of the Great Depression, and along with it came |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 62, "sc": 2600, "ep": 62, "ec": 3208} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 62 | 2,600 | 62 | 3,208 | Brücken, Kusel | Economic structure | the beginning of the end for the diamond-cutting industry. Brücken was the economic hub of Palatine diamond crafting up until the Second World War. However, the diamond-cutting trade that for so many decades influenced and defined the local people's lives is now all but a relic from bygone days, with the last diamond-cutting shops going out of business in the 1990s. All that is left of the industry now are two diamond cutters who work bort diamonds for industry, and that as a secondary occupation only. In December 1998, the new Diamond-Cutting Museum was dedicated in Brücken. With the diamond-cutting |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 62, "sc": 3208, "ep": 66, "ec": 276} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 62 | 3,208 | 66 | 276 | Brücken, Kusel | Economic structure & Education | trade's death, Brücken became a residential community for employees in the most varied of occupations, many of whom must seek livelihoods outside the village.
Within the village, however, are no fewer than six inns, a butcher’s shop, building companies and building supply companies and small businesses such as those in the field of electrical and electronic products. Education In the early 17th century, schoolchildren from Brücken at first attended school in Kübelberg, until in 1716 a Catholic schoolhouse was built, followed by an Evangelical one in 1724. A fundamental restructuring of schooling came about in Bavarian times, whereby teachers had to |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 66, "sc": 276, "ep": 66, "ec": 978} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 66 | 276 | 66 | 978 | Brücken, Kusel | Education | demonstrate their competence through examinations. In 1818, Landcommissar Siebenpfeiffer set forth the proposal to build a great schoolhouse together with teachers’ dwellings for both Christian denominations and for the Jewish community as well. Siebenpfeiffer also later issued orders that it be built, over both Protestants’ and Catholics’ fierce protests. The schoolhouse was built in 1825, but it was not exactly the interdenominational institution that had been envisaged. The schoolchildren were streamed into classes geared to either Protestant or Catholic belief, and in 1836, the Evangelicals were able to obtain a smaller, nearby schoolhouse. Thus, Catholic schoolchildren were taught in two |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 66, "sc": 978, "ep": 66, "ec": 1634} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 66 | 978 | 66 | 1,634 | Brücken, Kusel | Education | classes and Evangelical schoolchildren were taught in one. Jewish schoolchildren attended the Evangelical school. About 1900, the school, especially the Catholic part, had become overfull. A new schoolhouse with four classes, three of which were for the Catholic school, was dedicated on Hauptstraße in 1904. In 1921, the mayor's office also took up residence in this building. In 1929, the Protestants once again obtained their own schoolhouse on Paulengrunder Straße, allowing the Catholics to institute a fourth class. In 1937, the community school was established, and then dissolved again after the Second World War, only to be established once again |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 66, "sc": 1634, "ep": 70, "ec": 185} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 66 | 1,634 | 70 | 185 | Brücken, Kusel | Education & Transport | in 1969. Once again, the schoolhouses had become too small, and a new one was obtained in 1960 on Wiesenstraße. Further changes were brought by the 1969 school law. The great school centre came into being in Schönenberg-Kübelberg, where all Hauptschule students are now taught. At the Brücken school, primary school pupils from neighbouring villages are now taught. Also, the schoolhouse now houses a branch location of the school for children with learning difficulties in Kusel. Transport Brücken is linked to the national highway system by Bundesstraße 423 (Sarreguemines–Mandelbachtal–Homburg–Altenglan), from which within the village itself Landesstraße 350 to Konken and |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 70, "sc": 185, "ep": 70, "ec": 850} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 70 | 185 | 70 | 850 | Brücken, Kusel | Transport | Bundesstraße 420 branches off. Kreisstraße (District Road) 6 branches off to the Paulengrund (outlying homestead), as does Kreisstraße 7 to the neighbouring village of Börsborn. To the south runs the Autobahn A 6, and to the northeast lies another Autobahn, the A 62 (Kaiserslautern–Trier). Glan-Münchweiler station is on the Landstuhl–Kusel railway and is served by Regionalbahn service RB 67, called the Glantalbahn (the name of which refers to the Glan Valley Railway, which shared some of the route of the Landstuhl–Kusel line, including the former junction at Glan-Münchweiler). Serving Sankt Wendel is a station on the Nahe Valley Railway. Serving Homburg is |
{"datasets_id": 161357, "wiki_id": "Q677054", "sp": 70, "sc": 850, "ep": 70, "ec": 976} | 161,357 | Q677054 | 70 | 850 | 70 | 976 | Brücken, Kusel | Transport | a station on the Homburg–Neunkirchen railway and the Palatine Ludwig Railway. These stations all lie within 12 km of Brücken. |
{"datasets_id": 161358, "wiki_id": "Q1845018", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 418} | 161,358 | Q1845018 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 418 | Breidis Prescott | Amateur career & Professional career | Breidis Prescott Amateur career As an amateur, Prescott represented Colombia at the 2003 Pan American Games, where he was stopped in the first round by Lucas Matthysse of Argentina. Professional career Prescott made his professional debut on July 1, 2005, stopping Oscar Pineda in the first round. In his next seventeen fights, Prescott would win all but one by knockout or stoppage. On June 27, 2008, Prescott made his United States debut against Richar Abril, winning a ten-round split decision. Prescott would make headlines on September 6, when he travelled to England to face 2004 Olympic silver medalist Amir Khan. |
{"datasets_id": 161358, "wiki_id": "Q1845018", "sp": 10, "sc": 418, "ep": 10, "ec": 1049} | 161,358 | Q1845018 | 10 | 418 | 10 | 1,049 | Breidis Prescott | Professional career | In a major upset, Prescott knocked Khan out in less than a minute into the first round to win his first regional championship, the WBO Inter-Continental lightweight title.
2009 was not as successful for Prescott, despite continuing to garner worldwide exposure to boxing audiences. On February 20, he defeated Humberto Toledo after the latter was disqualified in the tenth and final round for biting Prescott on the shoulder. On July 17, Miguel Vázquez handed Prescott his first professional loss by frustrating him with his highly awkward style, despite himself being knocked down in the first round. The bout was ruled a |
{"datasets_id": 161358, "wiki_id": "Q1845018", "sp": 10, "sc": 1049, "ep": 10, "ec": 1675} | 161,358 | Q1845018 | 10 | 1,049 | 10 | 1,675 | Breidis Prescott | Professional career | ten-round split decision in favour of Vázquez, but the lone scorecard for Prescott was seen as controversial.
A second consecutive loss for Prescott occurred on December 5 during his second visit to England, as Kevin Mitchell won a wide unanimous decision with the now-vacant WBO Inter-Continental lightweight title on the line. Prescott returned to winning ways in 2010 and early 2011, scoring three wins with ease, but on September 10, 2011, he lost a close twelve-round unanimous decision to Paul McCloskey in England. This was followed by a dramatic loss on what would be Prescott's biggest stage to date, as part |
{"datasets_id": 161358, "wiki_id": "Q1845018", "sp": 10, "sc": 1675, "ep": 10, "ec": 2268} | 161,358 | Q1845018 | 10 | 1,675 | 10 | 2,268 | Breidis Prescott | Professional career | of the undercard to Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III on November 12, 2011. In what was described as a thriller, Prescott went to war with fellow power-puncher Mike Alvarado, outworking him in the first half of the fight. However, in the tenth and final round, Prescott was knocked down and then hurt by a series of punches from Alvarado, which forced the referee to stop the fight.
In 2012, Prescott bounced back by winning two fights, but in 2013 would endure his fifth loss, this time to undefeated prospect Terence Crawford, who won a clear ten-round unanimous decision. |
{"datasets_id": 161359, "wiki_id": "Q918056", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 10} | 161,359 | Q918056 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 10 | Britannia Secunda | History | Britannia Secunda Britannia Secunda or Britannia II (Latin for "Second Britain") was one of the provinces of the Diocese of "the Britains" created during the Diocletian Reforms at the end of the 3rd century. It was probably created after the defeat of the usurper Allectus by Constantius Chlorus in AD 296 and was mentioned in the c. 312 Verona List of the Roman provinces. Its position and capital remain uncertain, although it probably lay further from Rome than Britannia I. At present, most scholars place Britannia II in Yorkshire and northern England. If so, its capital would have been Eboracum (York). History Following |
{"datasets_id": 161359, "wiki_id": "Q918056", "sp": 8, "sc": 9, "ep": 8, "ec": 660} | 161,359 | Q918056 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 660 | Britannia Secunda | History | the Roman conquest of Britain, it was administered as a single province from Camulodunum (Colchester) and then Londinium (London) until the Severan Reforms following the revolt of its governor Clodius Albinus. These divided the territory into Upper and Lower Britain (Britannia Superior and Inferior), whose respective capitals were at Londinium and Eboracum. During the first phases of the Diocletian Reforms, Britain was under the control of the Allectus's Britannic Empire as part of the Carausian Revolt. At some point after the territory was retaken by Constantius Chlorus in AD 296, the Diocese of the Britains (with its vicar at Londinium) was |
{"datasets_id": 161359, "wiki_id": "Q918056", "sp": 8, "sc": 660, "ep": 8, "ec": 1311} | 161,359 | Q918056 | 8 | 660 | 8 | 1,311 | Britannia Secunda | History | formed and made a part of Prefecture of Gaul. The Britains were divided among three, four, or five provinces, which seem to have borne the names Prima, Secunda, Maxima Caesariensis, and (possibly) Flavia Caesariensis and Valentia.
The placement and capitals of these late British provinces are uncertain, although the Notitia Dignitatum lists the governor (praeses) of Britannia II as being equestrian rank, making it unlikely to have been based in Londinium. The list of bishops who attended the 314 Council of Arles is patently corrupt but generally assumed to have mimicked the Roman administration: it seems certain one of the bishops was |
{"datasets_id": 161359, "wiki_id": "Q918056", "sp": 8, "sc": 1311, "ep": 16, "ec": 113} | 161,359 | Q918056 | 8 | 1,311 | 16 | 113 | Britannia Secunda | History & Camden & Valentia | from Eboracum, even if his name ("Eborius") was a scribal error. Camden William Camden argued for a placement of Secunda in Wales and Charles Bertram's highly-influential forgery On the State of Britain placed Secunda gave it borders on the Dee and Severn; this was generally accepted from the mid-18th to the mid-19th century before being revealed as a fraud. It has been generally discounted since the discovery of inscriptions showing western England was part of Prima, with a possible capital at Corinium. Valentia Ammianus records that in the year 369 Count Theodosius established or refounded the province of Valentia (further |
{"datasets_id": 161359, "wiki_id": "Q918056", "sp": 16, "sc": 113, "ep": 16, "ec": 659} | 161,359 | Q918056 | 16 | 113 | 16 | 659 | Britannia Secunda | Valentia | attested in the List of Offices) from lands recaptured from "the enemy". Its location is a matter of scholarly debate, but some place it at Hadrian's Wall in the area around Luguvalium (Carlisle). If so, it would have been formed at some point in the 4th century out of territory formerly administered from Eboracum. Others place it between Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall or in Wales in the area around Deva (Chester); in both cases, some of the territory also may have been formerly administered from Eboracum prior to the reörganization. |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 561} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 561 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Description | Brooklyn Street Circuit Description The course is situated at the west end of the Red Hook neighborhood in western Brooklyn, adjacent to the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal and the Atlantic Basin, the small body of water within the Upper New York Bay served by the terminal. The site is bound by the east-to-west portion of Bowne Street, the Red Hook Container Terminal, and the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to the north, and by Wolcott Street to the south. Imlay Street and Conover Street mark the east end of the site, with Van Brunt Street (the primary thoroughfare of Red Hook) one block east.
The |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 6, "sc": 561, "ep": 6, "ec": 1185} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 6 | 561 | 6 | 1,185 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Description | original configuration of the circuit measured 1.21 miles (1.95 km) in length and consisted of 13 corners. The course predominantly follows the existing layout of the streets and parking areas of the terminal, separated from the rest of the street plan of Red Hook. The main and second straights utilize the north-south stretch of Bowne Street (which turns south after entering the terminal area), adjacent to Pier 11 of the terminal. Curving west, the track then parallels Clinton Wharf towards the Buttermilk Channel coastline. The track offers views of the Lower Manhattan skyline and the Statue of Liberty. Prior to its |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 6, "sc": 1185, "ep": 6, "ec": 1827} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 6 | 1,185 | 6 | 1,827 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Description | inaugural running, driver Felix Rosenqvist described the track as "one of those really technical circuits" comparable to the Circuit des Invalides on the streets of Paris.
For the 2018 race, the circuit was lengthened to 1.52 miles (2.45 km), extending the course farther north and west to Summit Street and Hamilton Avenue. As opposed to the original right-hand hairpin at the end of the main straight on Bowne Street, a four-turn complex was added featuring a lefthander and three right-handed turns leading to the second straight. The changes were made to accommodate the second generation Formula E car, introduced in the 2018–19 |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 6, "sc": 1827, "ep": 10, "ec": 475} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 6 | 1,827 | 10 | 475 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Description & Entrances and amenities | season to replace the Spark-Renault SRT 01E. The new cars have increased downforce and power. Entrances and amenities The Brooklyn Street Circuit features two grandstands. Grandstand 1 is located on the main straight in front of Pier 11 of the ship terminal, just to the west of the start-finish line, providing a view of the starting grid. The smaller Grandstand 2 is just to the west, also adjacent to Pier 11, in front of the turn leading to the main straight. According to Formula E CEO Alejandro Agag, the organizers were "quite cautions" in designing the seating area. Various pedestrian |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 10, "sc": 475, "ep": 10, "ec": 1121} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 10 | 475 | 10 | 1,121 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Entrances and amenities | overpass bridges are set up around the circuit to cross the track. Like at other Formula E events, the Brooklyn Street Circuit features an eVillage entertainment area. It features displays of technological innovations and electric- and hybrid-powered production vehicles, racing simulators, and it hosts a driver autograph session prior to the race. Food and drinks are available from stands and local food trucks located within the event.
The original 2017 layout featured three entrances to the track. Entrance 1 (e1) is located at Ferris Street and King Street near the paddock and podium areas. Entrance 2 (e2) is located adjacent to |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 10, "sc": 1121, "ep": 10, "ec": 1704} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 10 | 1,121 | 10 | 1,704 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Entrances and amenities | the NYC Ferry landing of the cruise terminal, leading to the grandstands. Entrance 3 (e3) was located on Pioneer Street near Van Brunt Street, leading directly to the eVillage. An overpass bridge led from this entrance to the grandstands. For the 2018 event, entrance 3 was moved one block north to Verona Street. Two additional entrances were added. The first (e4) is located at Imlay Street and Bowne Street near the new turn complex. The second (e5) is located at Brooklyn Cruise Terminal Pier 12. The former eVillage area near entrance 3 will instead be used for race suites and |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 10, "sc": 1704, "ep": 14, "ec": 424} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 10 | 1,704 | 14 | 424 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Entrances and amenities & Previous races in the New York area | an accreditation center. The new eVillage will be located behind grandstand 1 and around the new turn complex near entrance 4. Previous races in the New York area One of the earliest known automobile races in New York City was in 1896, when six cars competed in a race between the city and Westchester County, New York. In 1904, William Kissam Vanderbilt II began hosting the Vanderbilt Cup, held on a 25-mile (40 km) circuit of local dirt roads in Nassau County, Long Island. In 1908 Vanderbilt began construction on the Long Island Motor Parkway (also known as the Vanderbilt Parkway), |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 424, "ep": 14, "ec": 1047} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 424 | 14 | 1,047 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | a paved and grade separated limited-access highway between Queens and Nassau County, to host the race beginning that year. The course only used a section of the parkway located in Nassau County between Westbury and Hicksville. Following a crash in the 1910 Vanderbilt Cup, the New York State Legislature banned all automobile racing outside of self-contained circuits. The parkway remained open to normal passenger traffic as a toll road until 1938, and was largely replaced by the free Northern State Parkway and Grand Central Parkway. The Vanderbilt Cup was later held at Roosevelt Raceway (now a horse racing course) in |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 1047, "ep": 14, "ec": 1655} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 1,047 | 14 | 1,655 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | Westbury, Nassau County in 1936 and 1937. A NASCAR Grand National Series (now Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) race was held at Linden Airport in Linden, New Jersey in 1954. In June 1956 Wall Stadium in Wall Township, New Jersey hosted a race for NASCAR's Convertible Division, with Glen Wood of Wood Brothers Racing participating. In July 1958 the track held a race for the Grand National Series. To this day, Wall Stadium is a popular Modified stop for various Northeastern-based touring series, including the Whelen Modified Tour, NASCAR's popular touring series in the Northeast, and forms the core for |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 1655, "ep": 14, "ec": 2270} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 1,655 | 14 | 2,270 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | their local racing program, which has featured legendary engineer Ray Evernham and premership champion Martin Truex, Jr. as drivers who have raced on local cards, which is most notable for Turkey Derby held in late November since 1974. The Vanderbilt Cup was revived as a Formula Junior event in 1960 at Roosevelt Raceway. In 1965, 1967 and 1968 the Bridgehampton Sports Car Races, held at Bridgehampton Race Circuit located in Suffolk County in eastern Long Island, were billed as the Vanderbilt Cup.
For many years afterwards, attempts have been made to establish an event for a major auto racing series |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 2270, "ep": 14, "ec": 2898} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 2,270 | 14 | 2,898 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | within the New York metropolitan area, including Formula One, NASCAR, and IndyCar. In 1975 and again in 1983, a racing circuit to host a Formula One Grand Prix event was proposed for the New York City area. Potential sites included Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in the borough of Queens, and the Meadowlands Sports Complex in New Jersey. The Flushing Meadows plans were opposed by the local community and environmental groups, and the race was postponed and ultimately cancelled by 1985. The Meadowlands site would host the Meadowlands Grand Prix Champ Car event in 1984.
Beginning in 2003, a NASCAR track called Liberty |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 2898, "ep": 14, "ec": 3554} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 2,898 | 14 | 3,554 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | Speedway was planned, with potential sites at the Meadowlands and Linden in New Jersey, and Bloomfield in western Staten Island. In December 2004, the International Speedway Corporation (owned by NASCAR) and The Related Companies purchased the 675-acre (273 ha) Staten Island site. At the time the planned 80,000-seat track was the largest proposed sports venue in the city, with greater potential seating capacity than the proposed West Side Stadium or the future Barclays Center. After protests from environment groups over pollution and the loss of wetlands in the area, and from local residents over potential traffic congestion and parking issues, in |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 3554, "ep": 14, "ec": 4144} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 3,554 | 14 | 4,144 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | 2006 NASCAR cancelled plans for the track. In July 2012, New York State Assembly candidate Paul Saryian proposed reviving the plans for the Staten Island track as part of a potential bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. Around 2012, Formula One again planned to hold the Grand Prix of America on the proposed Port Imperial Street Circuit in New Jersey, but by 2014, the plan had fallen through. In 2015, NASCAR was seriously considering buying stock in order to build a track in New York City.
Existing NASCAR Cup Series tracks in close proximity to New York City include Watkins Glen |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 4144, "ep": 14, "ec": 4797} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 4,144 | 14 | 4,797 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area | International in upstate New York, Pocono Raceway in Pennsylvania, and Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. Watkins Glen also held Formula One events from 1961 to 1980. New Jersey Motorsports Park, which has held races for the ARCA Racing Series and the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East (a developmental NASCAR series), is located in southern New Jersey. The now-defunct Nazareth Speedway, located in eastern Pennsylvania, hosted the IndyCar Firestone Indy 225 event, and NASCAR Busch Series (now Xfinity Series) and Truck Series events until its closure in 2004. The Meadowlands site has also hosted domestic motorcycle racing; the American Flat |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 14, "sc": 4797, "ep": 18, "ec": 448} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 14 | 4,797 | 18 | 448 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Previous races in the New York area & New York City ePrix | Track championship runs on the Meadowlands Racetrack, as their series often runs during off-season for horse racing at notable horse tracks. New York City ePrix In March 2014, it was announced that Formula E was working with New York City authorities to bring a motor race to the area. On September 21, 2016, Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) President Jean Todt, Formula E CEO Alejandro Agag, and New York City government officials announced that the New York City ePrix would be held in July 2017 at the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal in Red Hook, with a track layout presented. Government officials |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 18, "sc": 448, "ep": 18, "ec": 1106} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 18 | 448 | 18 | 1,106 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | New York City ePrix | approved the ePrix only because, as an electric race, it would not create noise or air pollution. Originally, planners considered Governors Island, Central Park, and Liberty State Park in Jersey City as possible locations for the track. However, these sites were not chosen since a Governors Island track would have been too costly; a Central Park track would have required demolishing trees; and Liberty State Park was outside the city limits.
In June 2017, Brooklyn-based McLaren Engineering Group (unrelated to the racing team) and D’Onofrio General Contractors Corp were contracted to create the circuit within the terminal. Construction of the |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 18, "sc": 1106, "ep": 18, "ec": 1748} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 18 | 1,106 | 18 | 1,748 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | New York City ePrix | track began on July 2, thirteen days before the first race. Much of the project involved erecting both temporary and permanent structures for the race, while existing infrastructure such as signs and curbing had to be removed or redesigned to facilitate the race course. The temporary infrastructure of a typical Formula E street circuit includes track barriers and curbs, grandstands, pedestrian overpass bridges, and electronic cables for television broadcasting and race scoring. After the end of the event, this equipment is transported to the next location. In the case of the Brooklyn Street Circuit, most of the materials were locally |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 18, "sc": 1748, "ep": 18, "ec": 2331} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 18 | 1,748 | 18 | 2,331 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | New York City ePrix | acquired, with only the fencing for the track provided by Formula E. Permanent structures built for the Brooklyn circuit included the cruise terminal's guardhouse, which was originally situated in the middle of the proposed circuit. It was rebuilt in order to be portable so it could be moved prior to the event, and then reinstalled into its normal location after the event. Much of the area was repaved for the event as well. A ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on July 12, 2017, upon the arrival of the race cars.
The first race of the inaugural event was held on July 15, |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 18, "sc": 2331, "ep": 22, "ec": 359} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 18 | 2,331 | 22 | 359 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | New York City ePrix & Access and transportation | 2017, won by Sam Bird of DS Virgin Racing. Bird won the second race of the weekend on July 16, after which the track was taken apart. For the 2018 event, the track was lengthened and reconfigured. Access and transportation The B61 bus route runs one block east of the circuit along Van Brunt Street, between Downtown Brooklyn and Park Slope/Windsor Terrace. The closest New York City Subway stations are the Carroll Street and Smith–Ninth Streets on the IND Culver Line (F, <F>, and G trains) along Smith Street. The B61 connects with the Smith–Ninth Streets station. On race days, |
{"datasets_id": 161360, "wiki_id": "Q27230568", "sp": 22, "sc": 359, "ep": 22, "ec": 684} | 161,360 | Q27230568 | 22 | 359 | 22 | 684 | Brooklyn Street Circuit | Access and transportation | shuttle buses operate to the race track from the Carroll Street station, and from the Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center station complex in Downtown Brooklyn. The circuit is also close to the NYC Ferry stops at Red Hook and Brooklyn Bridge Park Pier 6. The Red Hook ferry landing is located at entrance 2 adjacent to the track. |
{"datasets_id": 161361, "wiki_id": "Q122409", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 230} | 161,361 | Q122409 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 230 | Bruno Hunziker | Early life & Canton Politics | Bruno Hunziker Bruno Hunziker (10 February 1930 in Winterthur – 27 March 2000 in Aarau) was a Swiss attorney, politician, and member of the Aargau canton and Swiss federal parliaments. Early life Bruno Hunziker was a citizen of Oberkulm and Aarau and was raised in Möhlin, Switzerland. After studying law in Basel, he engaged in local law from 1957 to 1968. Canton Politics Bruno Hunziker was a member of Aargau's canton parliament (the Grand Council), 1965–1968. Bruno Hunziker was head of the canton's construction department in 1968 and then, from 1969–1976, the health department. During his tenure |
{"datasets_id": 161361, "wiki_id": "Q122409", "sp": 12, "sc": 230, "ep": 16, "ec": 335} | 161,361 | Q122409 | 12 | 230 | 16 | 335 | Bruno Hunziker | Canton Politics & Federal Politics | in the health department, the Swiss Hospital Institute was founded in Aarau and Bruno Hunziker became its first president. He was twice president of the Aargau canton government (1 April 1970 – 31 March 1971, 1 February 1976 – 31 March 1976). Federal Politics Bruno was a member of both houses of Swiss parliament, the National Council (1977–1987) and the Council of States (1987–1991). In 1984, Rudolf Friedrich resigned from the Federal Council. The Free Democratic Party then nominated Elisabeth Kopp and Bruno Hunziker. Although Hunziker was expected to handily win, on 2 Oct 1894 with 124 |
{"datasets_id": 161361, "wiki_id": "Q122409", "sp": 16, "sc": 335, "ep": 16, "ec": 628} | 161,361 | Q122409 | 16 | 335 | 16 | 628 | Bruno Hunziker | Federal Politics | of 244 votes, Kopp became the first woman elected to the Federal Council. The FDP may have wished to appease the Green Party which preferred the stringent emissions standards of Zurich, Kopp's base. Bruno Hunziker was president of the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland from 1984 to 1989. |
{"datasets_id": 161362, "wiki_id": "Q5734871", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 272} | 161,362 | Q5734871 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 272 | Buckshot, Arizona | Geography | Buckshot, Arizona Geography Buckshot is located at 32°44′25″N 114°28′58″W (32.7404, −114.482886). According to the United States Geological Survey, the CDP has a total area of 0.32 square miles (0.83 km²), consisting of 0.30 square miles (0.78 km²) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.052 km²) of water. |
{"datasets_id": 161363, "wiki_id": "Q4999653", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 300} | 161,363 | Q4999653 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 300 | Burneside | Politics & Current Village | Burneside Politics In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, Burneside became a part of the South Lakeland district whose administrative centre is Kendal.
Burneside is part of Westmorland and Lonsdale constituency for which Tim Farron is the current member of parliament, representing the Liberal Democrats. Current Village Burneside has two main estates, Hall Park and Chapel Fields, which have a mix of private and rented accommodation.
The village has one grocery store and one bakery. It has a pub named the Jolly Anglers and a chip shop. The village also has a cricket club with a licensed club house on Hollins |
{"datasets_id": 161363, "wiki_id": "Q4999653", "sp": 10, "sc": 300, "ep": 10, "ec": 892} | 161,363 | Q4999653 | 10 | 300 | 10 | 892 | Burneside | Current Village | Lane as well as a football club situated opposite that uses the cricket club facilities after games.
Burneside's only church is St. Oswald's. This Anglican church is mainly the product of a rebuild in the 1880s, although there was an earlier church on the present site designed by George Webster.
The only school in the village is St. Oswald's primary school, which is Church of England. The Bryce Institute is a key feature of the village allowing locals to participate in many social events. The Bryce Institute was built in 1896 and in 1918 was used as a bathhouse; it is |
{"datasets_id": 161363, "wiki_id": "Q4999653", "sp": 10, "sc": 892, "ep": 10, "ec": 924} | 161,363 | Q4999653 | 10 | 892 | 10 | 924 | Burneside | Current Village | now used for many local events. |
{"datasets_id": 161364, "wiki_id": "Q5008299", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 331} | 161,364 | Q5008299 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 331 | CEP85L | CEP85L CEP85L, for "Centrosomal Protein 85kDa-Like" is a gene which encodes a protein that has identified as a breast cancer antigen. Nothing more is known of its function at this time. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. It has been shown to be related to the QT interval in GWAS studies. |
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{"datasets_id": 161365, "wiki_id": "Q19903715", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 420} | 161,365 | Q19903715 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 420 | Camalexin | Structure & Biosynthesis | Camalexin Structure The base structure of camalexin consists of an indole ring derived from tryptophan. The ethanamine moiety attached to the 3 position of the indole ring is subsequently rearranged into a thiazole ring. Biosynthesis While the biosynthesis of camalexin in planta has not been fully elucidated, most of the enzymes involved in the pathway are known and involved in a metabolon complex. The pathway starts with a tryptophan precursor which is subsequently oxidized by two cytochrome P450 enzymes. The indole-3-acetaldoxime is then converted to indole-3-acetonitrile by another cytochrome P450, CYP71A13. A glutathione conjugate followed |
{"datasets_id": 161365, "wiki_id": "Q19903715", "sp": 10, "sc": 420, "ep": 14, "ec": 78} | 161,365 | Q19903715 | 10 | 420 | 14 | 78 | Camalexin | Biosynthesis & Biological activity | by a subsequent unknown enzyme is needed to form dihydrocamalexic acid. A final decarboxylation step by cytochrome P450 CYP71B15, also called phytoalexin deficient4 (PAD3) results in the final product, camalexin. Biological activity Camalexin is cytotoxic against aggressive prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. |
{"datasets_id": 161366, "wiki_id": "Q23641111", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 73} | 161,366 | Q23641111 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 73 | Candidates of the 1921 South Australian state election | Candidates of the 1921 South Australian state election This is a list of candidates of the 1921 South Australian state election. |
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{"datasets_id": 161367, "wiki_id": "Q239471", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 570} | 161,367 | Q239471 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 570 | Candy Dulfer | Early life | Candy Dulfer Early life Dulfer was born on September 19, 1969 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. She began playing the drums at the age of five. As a six-year-old, she started to play the soprano saxophone. At age seven, she switched to alto saxophone and later began playing in a local concert band Jeugd Doet Leven (English translation: "Youth Brings Life") in Zuiderwoude.
Dulfer played her first solo on stage with her father's band De Perikels ("The Perils"). At age eleven, she made her first recordings for the album I Didn't Ask (1981) of De Perikels. In 1982, when she was twelve years |
{"datasets_id": 161367, "wiki_id": "Q239471", "sp": 6, "sc": 570, "ep": 10, "ec": 400} | 161,367 | Q239471 | 6 | 570 | 10 | 400 | Candy Dulfer | Early life & Career | old, she played as a member of Rosa King's Ladies Horn section at the North Sea Jazz Festival. According to Dulfer, King encouraged her to become a band leader. In 1984, at age fourteen, she started the band Funky Stuff. Career Dulfer's band performed throughout the Netherlands and in 1987 was the opening act for two of Madonna's European concerts.
In 1988, Prince invited Dulfer on stage to play an improvised solo during one of his European shows. In 1989 Dulfer appeared in Prince's "Partyman" video.
Dulfer performed session work with Eurythmics guitarist and producer Dave Stewart and was a guest musician |
{"datasets_id": 161367, "wiki_id": "Q239471", "sp": 10, "sc": 400, "ep": 10, "ec": 1025} | 161,367 | Q239471 | 10 | 400 | 10 | 1,025 | Candy Dulfer | Career | for Pink Floyd during the band's performance at Knebworth in 1990, from which several tracks were released on a multi-artist live album and video, Live at Knebworth '90.
Dulfer was also the featured saxophonist on Van Morrison's A Night in San Francisco, an album in 1993, and performed with Alan Parsons and his band at the World Liberty Concert in 1995.
Dulfer collaborated with her father Hans Dulfer on the duet album Dulfer Dulfer in 2001. She joined Prince's band in 2004 for his Musicology Live 2004ever tour.
In 2007, she released her ninth studio album Candy Store. The album reached a No. 2 |
{"datasets_id": 161367, "wiki_id": "Q239471", "sp": 10, "sc": 1025, "ep": 10, "ec": 1580} | 161,367 | Q239471 | 10 | 1,025 | 10 | 1,580 | Candy Dulfer | Career | position in Billboard's Top Contemporary Jazz charts. Her songs "Candy Store" and "L.A. Citylights" reached the No. 1 position in Smooth Jazz National Airplay charts in the United States.
Dulfer is mostly a self-taught musician except for some training in a concert band and a few months of music lessons.
In 2007, Dulfer was the presenter and interviewer in Candy Meets..., her television program for public broadcaster NPS. In the series, she met with Sheila E., Maceo Parker, Hans Dulfer, Van Morrison, Dave Stewart, and Mavis Staples. |
{"datasets_id": 161368, "wiki_id": "Q19100", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 614} | 161,368 | Q19100 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 614 | Captain (armed forces) | History | Captain (armed forces) History The term ultimately goes back to Late Latin capitaneus meaning "chief, prominent"; in Middle English adopted as capitayn in the 14th century, from Old French capitaine.
The military rank of captain was in use from the 1560s, referring to an officer who commands a company. The naval sense, an officer who commands a man-of-war, is somewhat earlier, from the 1550s, later extended in meaning to "master or commander of any kind of vessel".
A captain in the period prior to the professionalization of the armed services of European nations subsequent to the French Revolution, during the early modern |
{"datasets_id": 161368, "wiki_id": "Q19100", "sp": 6, "sc": 614, "ep": 6, "ec": 1196} | 161,368 | Q19100 | 6 | 614 | 6 | 1,196 | Captain (armed forces) | History | period, was a nobleman who purchased the right to head a company from the previous holder of that right. He would in turn receive money from another nobleman to serve as his lieutenant. The funding to provide for the troops came from the monarch or his government; the captain had to be responsible for it. If he was not, or was otherwise court-martialed, he would be dismissed ("cashiered"), and the monarch would receive money from another nobleman to command the company. Otherwise, the only pension for the captain was selling the right to another nobleman when he was ready to |
{"datasets_id": 161368, "wiki_id": "Q19100", "sp": 6, "sc": 1196, "ep": 14, "ec": 35} | 161,368 | Q19100 | 6 | 1,196 | 14 | 35 | Captain (armed forces) | History & Air forces & Insignia | retire. Air forces Many air forces, such as the United States Air Force, use a rank structure and insignia similar to those of the army.
However, the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force, many other Commonwealth air forces and a few non-Commonwealth air forces use an air force-specific rank structure in which flight lieutenant is OF-2. A group captain is OF-5 and was derived from the naval rank of captain.
In the unified system of the Canadian Forces, the air force rank titles are pearl grey and increase from OF-1 to OF-5 in half strip increments. Insignia A variety of images illustrative of |
{"datasets_id": 161368, "wiki_id": "Q19100", "sp": 14, "sc": 35, "ep": 14, "ec": 116} | 161,368 | Q19100 | 14 | 35 | 14 | 116 | Captain (armed forces) | Insignia | different forces' insignia for captain (or captain-equivalents) are shown below: |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 596} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 596 | Castle of Lamego | History | Castle of Lamego History Early human settlement in the territory dates to the Bronze Age, although it may have been inhabited the Lacão peoples beginning in the 5th century B.C. With the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, the Emperor Trajan ordered the reconstruction of the village, then called Lameca, from simple villa to civitas. Between the 5th and 8th century, it was settled by the Visigoths, and became the seat of a bishopric (marked by the Basilica of São Pedro de Balsemão). In the 8th century, Moors occupied the territory.
Following the Christian Reconquista of the peninsula, the village was |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 6, "sc": 596, "ep": 6, "ec": 1165} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 6 | 596 | 6 | 1,165 | Castle of Lamego | History | conquered by Ordoño II of Galicia in 910. It was then reconquered in 997, by the forces of Almansor and caliphate of Cordoba, and would remain their possession until the 11th century. On 29 November 1057, the city was conquered from the Moors by Ferdinand I of León. Sometime in the 12 century, the tower keep and dungeons were constructed, followed in the 13th century by the fortification walls. The territory and its castle were given away in the dowry during the marriage of Henry of Burgundy and Teresa of Leon, and integrated into the lands of Portucalense (the |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 6, "sc": 1165, "ep": 6, "ec": 1794} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 6 | 1,165 | 6 | 1,794 | Castle of Lamego | History | County of Portugal). With its independence, they were donated to the Mendes (the Masters of Bragança) who initiated a series of construction projects in the 12th century, such as the keep tower, dungeons, the walls and cistern erected by Moors in the 11th century.
During the reign of King D. Sancho II (1223–1248), Abril Peres de Lumiares was alcalde was until 1245. It is believed that after the 1258 Inquirições (Inquiries), during the reign of King D. Afonso III (1248-1279), that the elaborate walls were erected.
Between the 14th and 15th centuries the town expanded, owing to manufacture of textiles and a |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 6, "sc": 1794, "ep": 6, "ec": 2434} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 6 | 1,794 | 6 | 2,434 | Castle of Lamego | History | regally-mandated annual regional fair. During this period the alcaldes of the castle were the Coutinhos, that included Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho, then also alcalde of the Castle of Trancoso, who during the 1383-1385 crisis, supported the Portuguese pretender, the Master of Aviz. At the end of this period, D. Francisco Coutinho, 4th Count of Marialva ordered the construction a window in the middle of the keep tower.
Following a brief economic recession in the 16th century, the wine industry brought a new prosperity to the region, resulting the expansion of estates in Lamego. The niche, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Graça, was |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 6, "sc": 2434, "ep": 6, "ec": 3041} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 6 | 2,434 | 6 | 3,041 | Castle of Lamego | History | likely constructed in 1642, by order of António de Castro. A contract to execute the grates of the prison, annexed to the tower, was executed by the locksmith António Luís for 250$000 Portuguese reis on 25 August 1696.
In 1730, from descriptions, the Porta da Vila (Villa Gate) included an arch and two towers, where a bell served as clock. At that time, the former-Casa da Câmara (municipal residence) was located onsite within an old bastion and awning with stone, sculpted columns and tower, as well as a second bastion, designated Castelinho. A similar reference appeared in 1758 to the oratory |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 6, "sc": 3041, "ep": 6, "ec": 3658} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 6 | 3,041 | 6 | 3,658 | Castle of Lamego | History | of Nossa Senhora da Graça, within the internal section of the arch of the Porta do Sol (Sun Gate).
A bell was executed for the belfry in 1789, by Mateus Gomes for the municipal council. A new bell was later executed in 1875 with Naciso António from Braga.
On 6 March 1789, the plasterers Bernardo Cardoso and Francisco de Moura was contracted to work on the castle tower.
In 1824, there was an authorization to build houses on the fortifications, but, ten years later, a businessman requested permission to demolish one of the towers, that was located in his residence.
A new bell was |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 6, "sc": 3658, "ep": 10, "ec": 228} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 6 | 3,658 | 10 | 228 | Castle of Lamego | History & Architecture | executed in 1914, by Adriano Loureiro, by order of the municipality.
In 1920, the clock located in the Villa Gate was auctioned in the keep tower, and substituted.
Between 1940 and 1941 the remaining bells were removed from the castle and installed in the Church of Santa Maria de Almacave.
A risk assessment for the property was elaborated in October 2005 by the DGEMN. Architecture The castle was installed on a hilltop 543 metres (1,781 ft) above sea level, on rocky, granite and schist outcroppings. It includes two lines of walls (interior or exterior) that fall within the urban context of the castle, with |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 10, "sc": 228, "ep": 10, "ec": 892} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 10 | 228 | 10 | 892 | Castle of Lamego | Architecture | views of the Coura, Balsemão and Varosa Rivers.
An irregular plan, the castle includes a rectangular keep tower oriented to the west, with doorway access to the upper floors 3 metres (9.8 ft) above ground. The structure is marked by various small crevices on various elevations, along with a door at the ground floor. Crenellated, the three floors are constructed of wood, and interconnected by wood staircases. Compounding the citadel, is an inner face that follows the walled perimeter, hexagonal and irregular, with battlement and broken arch gateway, substantially oriented to the east.
The second line of walls, are longer and encompasses the |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 10, "sc": 892, "ep": 10, "ec": 1433} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 10 | 892 | 10 | 1,433 | Castle of Lamego | Architecture | citadel, extending to the south to the lower elevations. To the east, between many segments of the walls of the Porta da Vila or Porta dos Figos are other lateral towers, named the Porta de Aguião, Porta do Norte and Porta dos Fogos. There is also a recessed arched doorway, over which was constructed a wood oratory. To the left, is a staircase that access the balcony where the bell was situated and, at the top, the tower of the old municipal hall. To the extreme south, is the Porta do Sol, along a wall of heft proportions, composed of |
{"datasets_id": 161369, "wiki_id": "Q5049783", "sp": 10, "sc": 1433, "ep": 10, "ec": 1910} | 161,369 | Q5049783 | 10 | 1,433 | 10 | 1,910 | Castle of Lamego | Architecture | broken arch with epigraphic niche, and with access to two important accesses in the wall portion of the urban area.
Along the Rua da Cisterna is a cistern of sculpted stone with inscription and a vaulted ceiling with four arches supporting lateral pillars. There is a small opening for illumination and an access door with interior staircase.
Nearby is the Praça de Armas (Place-of-arms), an area of 90 metres (300 ft), forming an irregular, hexagonal polygon. |
{"datasets_id": 161370, "wiki_id": "Q1374740", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 422} | 161,370 | Q1374740 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 422 | Cave Spring, Virginia | Geography & Demographics | Cave Spring, Virginia Geography Cave Spring is located at 37°13′59″N 80°0′23″W (37.233170, −80.006252).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.8 square miles (30.6 km²), all of it land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 24,941 people, 10,997 households, and 7,082 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,108.1 people per square mile (814.0/km²). There were 11,556 housing units at an average density of 976.8/sq mi (377.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.96% White, 2.43% African American, 0.08% Native American, 2.96% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.45% from other races, and |
{"datasets_id": 161370, "wiki_id": "Q1374740", "sp": 10, "sc": 422, "ep": 10, "ec": 1014} | 161,370 | Q1374740 | 10 | 422 | 10 | 1,014 | Cave Spring, Virginia | Demographics | 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population.
There were 10,997 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 22.1% under the |
{"datasets_id": 161370, "wiki_id": "Q1374740", "sp": 10, "sc": 1014, "ep": 10, "ec": 1529} | 161,370 | Q1374740 | 10 | 1,014 | 10 | 1,529 | Cave Spring, Virginia | Demographics | age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $51,182, and the median income for a family was $64,550. Males had a median income of $43,350 versus $29,242 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $30,318. About 1.7% of families and 3.2% of |
{"datasets_id": 161370, "wiki_id": "Q1374740", "sp": 10, "sc": 1529, "ep": 10, "ec": 1644} | 161,370 | Q1374740 | 10 | 1,529 | 10 | 1,644 | Cave Spring, Virginia | Demographics | the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over. |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 672} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 672 | Center for Army Analysis | Mission | Center for Army Analysis Mission CAA conducts analyses across the spectrum of conflict in a Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental, and Multinational (JIIM) context to inform critical senior level decisions for current and future national security issues. Mission of CAA is to conduct analysis of Army forces and systems in the context of joint and combined warfighting. The CAA provides analytical studies focusing on theater-level, Joint and combined operations, and Army-wide processes providing required Army forces and systems. These studies help senior Army leadership, the Army Staff, and operational commanders address transformation, programming and budgeting, and operational issues. Full-time |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 6, "sc": 672, "ep": 10, "ec": 383} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 6 | 672 | 10 | 383 | Center for Army Analysis | Mission & History | analysts are deployed in Afghanistan, Africa, and the Pacific, providing operations research and analysis support to senior commanders. CAA further supports deployed forces with more sophisticated operations research and analytical capabilities through its real-time reach back operations at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. History The Center for Army Analysis (CAA), originally labeled the Concept Analysis Agency, was formed as a result of the 1973 STEADFAST Army reorganization which combined missions, functions and elements of the Combat Developments Command (CDC) and the Strategy and Tactics Analysis Group (STAG), organizations that had their origin in the early 1960s, into one analytical organization. CAA |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 10, "sc": 383, "ep": 10, "ec": 987} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 10 | 383 | 10 | 987 | Center for Army Analysis | History | was created to function as the central force analysis activity for the Department of the Army and its leadership and was initially under the jurisdiction of the Assistant Chief of Staff of the Army.
In 1974, the Army Staff was reorganized and CAA was placed under the jurisdiction of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA). As the scope of its analytical mission grew, CAA was designated as a Field Operating Agency in 1977, and was reassigned to the Army Chief of Staff’s Organization in 1979.
In 1991 the Vice Chief of Staff for |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 10, "sc": 987, "ep": 10, "ec": 1673} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 10 | 987 | 10 | 1,673 | Center for Army Analysis | History | the Army designated CAA as the Army’s Center for Strategy and Force Evaluation. In 1998 the Secretary of the Army directed the United States Army Concepts Analysis Agency be renamed the Center for Army Analysis with the primary mission of helping the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) determine requirements and establish objectives for theater-level joint/combined forces. CAA force analyses focus on integrating scenarios, operating concepts and objectives, unit and material performance characteristics and operating parameters of the regions for which the forces are constituted. These analyses form the baseline for analyses of lower-level forces and systems.
In March 1999 |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 10, "sc": 1673, "ep": 10, "ec": 2334} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 10 | 1,673 | 10 | 2,334 | Center for Army Analysis | History | CAA relocated to its present location, the Dr. Wilbur B. Payne Memorial Hall at Fort Belvoir, VA.
As part of the HQDA 2002 realignment, CAA was aligned under the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8. The G-8 has responsibility for the future Army through programming, material integration, program analysis and evaluation and centralized management of HQDA studies and analysis programs including the Army Study Program. With this realignment CAA’s role as the major source for HQDA analysis support was strengthened.
When the office of the Deputy Under Secretary of the Army (Operations Research) closed in 2006, the Director of CAA was designated Senior |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 10, "sc": 2334, "ep": 10, "ec": 3035} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 10 | 2,334 | 10 | 3,035 | Center for Army Analysis | History | Analyst of the Army with responsibility for periodic Army Senior Analyst Reviews, sponsorship of the Army Operations Research Symposium and of the Military Operations Research Society and oversight of international operations research partnership activities.
Effective 12 April 2009, the Army Modeling and Simulation Office (AMSO) was transferred form the Deputy Chief of Staff G-3/5/7 to the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8. The transfer included the current AMSO missions of acting as the proponency for the Military Functional Area (FA) 57, Simulation Operations and the civilian Career Program (CP) 36, Modeling and Simulation and the simulation and modeling school.
The Center for Army |
{"datasets_id": 161371, "wiki_id": "Q5059506", "sp": 10, "sc": 3035, "ep": 10, "ec": 3658} | 161,371 | Q5059506 | 10 | 3,035 | 10 | 3,658 | Center for Army Analysis | History | Analysis has twice been awarded the Army Superior Unit Award, for the periods 1999–2000 and 2010–2012.
CAA and its predecessor organizations have provided continuous analytical support to HQDA since 1960. Much has changed at CAA over the years. CAA once did lengthy studies of 9 months to 1½ years; now it performs quick-reaction analyses that take days, weeks, or a few months. CAA once focused almost exclusively on analysis of the Central Front in Germany; now it conducts analyses ranging over all areas of the globe. CAA once almost exclusively supported the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations |
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