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{"datasets_id": 161420, "wiki_id": "Q5455783", "sp": 34, "sc": 815, "ep": 38, "ec": 425} | 161,420 | Q5455783 | 34 | 815 | 38 | 425 | Five-Year Plans of South Korea | 1987–1991 & 1992–1996 | ratio of research and development investment from 2.4 percent of the GNP to over 3 percent by 1991. 1992–1996 The goal of the Seventh Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1992–96), formulated in 1989, was to develop high-technology fields, such as microelectronics, new materials, fine chemicals, bioengineering, optics, and aerospace. Government and industry would work together to build high-technology facilities in seven provincial cities to better balance the geographic distribution of industry throughout South Korea. |
{"datasets_id": 161421, "wiki_id": "Q1435649", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 555} | 161,421 | Q1435649 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 555 | Fond du Lac River (Saskatchewan) | Hydrology | Fond du Lac River (Saskatchewan) Hydrology The river begins at an elevation of 395 metres (1,296 ft) at Cunning Bay on Wollaston Lake. It flows north to Hatchet Lake at an elevation of 393 metres (1,289 ft) and continues to Waterfound Bay at an elevation of 376 metres (1,234 ft), where the tributary Waterfound River enters from the left. The river continues north to Kosdaw Lake at an elevation of 364 metres (1,194 ft), over the Redbank Falls to Otter Lake, the Manitou Falls, the Brink Rapids and the Brassy Rapids, before the Hawkrock River enters from the left. It continues over the Hawkrock |
{"datasets_id": 161421, "wiki_id": "Q1435649", "sp": 6, "sc": 555, "ep": 6, "ec": 1145} | 161,421 | Q1435649 | 6 | 555 | 6 | 1,145 | Fond du Lac River (Saskatchewan) | Hydrology | Rapids and the North Rapids and takes in the Perch River from the right. The Fond du Lac River flows further over the Perch Rapids, takes in the Porcupine River from the right, travels over the Burr Falls, and enters Black Lake at an elevation of 276 metres (906 ft).
Several tributaries enter at Black Lake: from the right, the Chipman River and the Souter River; and from the left, the Cree River.
The river leaves the lake on the northwest side near the community of Black Lake, travels over the Elizabeth Falls and the Woodcock Rapids, flows past the community of Stony |
{"datasets_id": 161421, "wiki_id": "Q1435649", "sp": 6, "sc": 1145, "ep": 10, "ec": 195} | 161,421 | Q1435649 | 6 | 1,145 | 10 | 195 | Fond du Lac River (Saskatchewan) | Hydrology & Fish species | Rapids, and reaches its mouth at Lake Athabasca. Fish species The river also supports a number of fish species. These include walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, lake trout, Arctic grayling, lake whitefish, cisco, white sucker, longnose sucker and burbot. |
{"datasets_id": 161422, "wiki_id": "Q5468772", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 438} | 161,422 | Q5468772 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 438 | Forest, Ontario | Community | Forest, Ontario Forest is a community in Lambton Shores, Ontario near Sarnia and Lake Huron in Lambton County. It has a population of 2,876 (2011 Census) and a land area of 5.26 square kilometres (2.03 sq mi). Community Forest has a high school, North Lambton Secondary School. This facility includes a large gymnasium, and cafeteria as well as meal preparation facilities. There are elementary schools in the public (Kinnwood Central Public School) and separate (St. John Fisher) school systems.
Recreational facilities include an enclosed arena for hockey or ringette, a community centre for dances held by the town with baseball and soccer fields, |
{"datasets_id": 161422, "wiki_id": "Q5468772", "sp": 8, "sc": 438, "ep": 8, "ec": 1047} | 161,422 | Q5468772 | 8 | 438 | 8 | 1,047 | Forest, Ontario | Community | a lawn bowling club, public tennis courts and an agricultural society with grounds used for a fall fair and occasional campsites. There are a dozen golf courses within a 20-mile drive.
Forest Amphitheatre is a natural amphitheatre located at the conservation area (Esli Dodge Conservation Area) in the south part of the town. The stage is situated on a small island, and spectators sit on the surrounding hillsides on lawn chairs or blankets. Hundreds attend outdoor performances there each summer. An annual performance of a religious play (The Promise), acted in by members of the town, was held |
{"datasets_id": 161422, "wiki_id": "Q5468772", "sp": 8, "sc": 1047, "ep": 12, "ec": 137} | 161,422 | Q5468772 | 8 | 1,047 | 12 | 137 | Forest, Ontario | Community & History | annually from 1995 to 2005. In 2006 a play entitled Their Finest Hour was performed, and since 2007 country music concerts entitled "Music In the Valley" have been held there.
The Forest Museum is located in the old Forest Home Bakery building at 8 King St. N. Permanent displays include First Nations artifacts, the military, the Forest Excelsior Band, local doctors, fashion, toys, telephones, local businesses, schools and churches. The museum was founded in 1963. History Forest is situated on what was once dense forest. When the Grand Trunk Railway was built through where the town now sits, the station was |
{"datasets_id": 161422, "wiki_id": "Q5468772", "sp": 12, "sc": 137, "ep": 12, "ec": 781} | 161,422 | Q5468772 | 12 | 137 | 12 | 781 | Forest, Ontario | History | named for the dense forest. Hickory Creek, which meanders through the town, provided water for the station in those days when wood and water were essential to the operation of steam locomotives.
The first post office, in 1859, was then named Forest. The site was very near the junction of three township boundaries, with parts of Warwick, Plympton and Bosanquet townships all annexed into the town. None of these townships remain as political units due to amalgamation, with Bosanquet joining Forest in forming Lambton Shores (along with the villages of Arkona, Thedford, and Grand Bend).
The industry of the town was initially |
{"datasets_id": 161422, "wiki_id": "Q5468772", "sp": 12, "sc": 781, "ep": 12, "ec": 1213} | 161,422 | Q5468772 | 12 | 781 | 12 | 1,213 | Forest, Ontario | History | tied to the abundant fruit growing operation. There were once a canning factory and a basket factory in Forest. In more recent years the town has become a dormitory community for the city of Sarnia (and to a lesser extent London, Ontario). The extensive tourism area along the shores of nearby Lake Huron also supports several businesses. Several small factories supporting the auto industry have also opened in the past few years. |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 632} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 632 | Foster's Lager | History | Foster's Lager History Foster's was created by two Irish-American brothers, William M. and Ralph R. Foster, who arrived in Melbourne from New York in 1886. The brothers began brewing Foster's Lager in November 1888. It was made available to the public from February 1889. The product was first exported in 1901, when bottles were sent to Australian combatants in the Boer War.
In 1907, the company merged with five other brewing companies to form Carlton & United Breweries (CUB). Then only available in bottles, Foster's Lager was considered to be CUB's premium brand.
In 1958, steel cans were introduced.
Foster's Lager was first |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 6, "sc": 632, "ep": 6, "ec": 1197} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 6 | 632 | 6 | 1,197 | Foster's Lager | History | imported into the UK in 1971. It was launched in the US in 1972.
Commencing 1981, the brand was brewed under licence in the UK by Watney Mann and Truman Brewers. This was the first time that Fosters had been available on draught anywhere in the world; in Australia it had only been available first in bottles, then later in cans. The draught product was based on Carlton Lager, another Carlton United Brewers product, and it was first brewed in the UK at the pilot brewery at Truman's Brick Lane Brewery in mid 1981. In 1986, Courage obtained the rights to |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 6, "sc": 1197, "ep": 6, "ec": 1854} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 6 | 1,197 | 6 | 1,854 | Foster's Lager | History | brew and distribute Foster's alongside Watney Mann and Truman Brewers. This was a result of a deal done following Courage's acquisition by Carlton United Breweries, which by that time had been re-named as Foster's Brewing Group. In 1990, Courage took over Watney Mann and Truman Brewers following the pubs for breweries swap with WMTB's parent company Grand Met.
In 2011, CUB and its product lines, including Foster's, were bought by the South African and British conglomerate SABMiller, which in turn was incorporated into the multinational (Belgian, Brazilian, and American) Anheuser-Busch InBev in 2016. In 2019, Anheuser-Busch InBev agreed to |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 6, "sc": 1854, "ep": 10, "ec": 530} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 6 | 1,854 | 10 | 530 | Foster's Lager | History & Production | sell CUB including Fosters to Asahi Breweries. The deal is expected to complete in 2020. Production Advertising from the early 20th century claimed Foster's Lager was adjuncted with cane sugar. A number of breweries advertised a sugar content, (e.g. Bulimba), as it implied a lighter less bitter brew than was commonly sold. (Rice malt and very light barley malts replaced sugar, which can be troublesome for brewers.) Continuing a "tradition" started in the early 20th century, the water used in the production is sourced from the nearby Yarra River which contributes to the beer's unique taste.
The Tim Foster's yeast in |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 10, "sc": 530, "ep": 10, "ec": 1135} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 10 | 530 | 10 | 1,135 | Foster's Lager | Production | use today was brought to Carlton in 1923 from Professor Jorgensen in Denmark.
The lager is hopped with selected oil extracts of Super Pride of Ringwood hops, which like any modern beer, is added after fermentation to minimise losses to the yeast sediment. The hop is sourced from the only two farms in Australia that grow it.
The product is 4% ABV in Europe, Australia and India, and 5% in the US.
The European rights to the beer are owned by Heineken International, who brews and distributes a 4% ABV Foster's in most European countries. In the United States and India, rights to |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 10, "sc": 1135, "ep": 10, "ec": 1816} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 10 | 1,135 | 10 | 1,816 | Foster's Lager | Production | the brand are owned by SABMiller. In Canada and Brazil, Foster's is brewed by Molson Canada and Brasil Kirin under licence from Foster's Brewing International.
In the UK, Foster's is produced by Heineken at the Royal Brewery in Manchester.
Foster's is not vegetarian or vegan.
Production of the Australian regular brand recommenced in 2014, but it was only briefly promoted. It had been in continuous production from November 1888 to about 2002, making it the longest-lived beer label in Australia. Once a "premium" brand, Foster's Lager has been bypassed by the Foster's Group's favoured premium brands of Carlton Crown Lager and Stella Artois.
In |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 10, "sc": 1816, "ep": 10, "ec": 2488} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 10 | 1,816 | 10 | 2,488 | Foster's Lager | Production | Australia until the end of the 1970s, Foster's Lager was a reasonably popular bottled and canned beer with a somewhat premium image. Then in the early 1980s there were major changes in the Australian brewing industry, including the merger of Castlemaine (Brisbane), Swan (Perth) and Toohey's (Sydney) into a national brewing group, as a result of acquisitions by Perth entrepreneur Alan Bond.
Faced with inroads into its non-Victorian markets, Carlton and United Beverages (CUB) reviewed its product range and attempted to re-position some of its brands. Foster's Draught was introduced, served on tap alongside established draught brands such as Castlemaine XXXX |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 10, "sc": 2488, "ep": 10, "ec": 3137} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 10 | 2,488 | 10 | 3,137 | Foster's Lager | Production | and Toohey's Draught. Despite some initial success, bolstered by heavy advertising, the brand did not prove to be popular and was eventually withdrawn from sale. Arguably, at the end of this failed exercise Foster's Lager was no longer viewed by consumers as a "premium" brand, and has not been promoted in Australia recently.
The Foster's Group has tended to promote the brands of Carlton Draught (mainstream market) and Victoria Bitter (working class male market).
The CUB Yatala Road Brewery south of Brisbane, the site of the former Power's Brewery, brews all CUB mainstream and contract beers that are sold outside of Victoria. |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 10, "sc": 3137, "ep": 14, "ec": 288} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 10 | 3,137 | 14 | 288 | Foster's Lager | Production & Global market | The Yatala Brewery is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. CUB's original Abbotsford Brewery now only supplies Victoria and South Australia, although the CUB headquarters remains there.
In late 2014 Foster's enjoyed some renewed success in the Australian market. Foster's lager was marketed as "Foster's Classic" and sold in 375ml cans with 4.0% ABV. Global market In April 2006, Scottish & Newcastle plc announced that it had agreed to acquire the Foster's brand in Europe (including Turkey), the Russian Federation and other countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States for approximately £309 million. In August 2006, SABMiller, now owned by AB |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 14, "sc": 288, "ep": 14, "ec": 868} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 14 | 288 | 14 | 868 | Foster's Lager | Global market | InBev, announced that it had bought back rights to the Foster's brand in India for a reported $120m from private investors.
An odd case emerged in 2015 when a New York consumer of Foster's Lager sued the brewer after - he claimed - discovering it was not brewed in Australia. He proposed a class action on the grounds of deceptive marketing. The suit cited advertising slogans such as 'Foster's Australian for Beer' and 'How to Speak Australian' were intended to trick consumers into believing the beer is made in Australia - which in turn meant the beer could be sold at |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 14, "sc": 868, "ep": 18, "ec": 428} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 14 | 868 | 18 | 428 | Foster's Lager | Global market & Variants | a higher, premium price.
A number of companies own marketing rights to Foster's including Heineken International in Europe and CIS, MillerCoors in the U.S., Labatt in Canada and Brasil Kirin in Brazil. Variants Scottish & Newcastle launched Foster's Twist, a beer with a hint of citrus that is marketed as a refreshing alternative to other heavier beers and Premium Packaged Spirits such as Smirnoff Ice. Foster's Twist is 4.5% abv. It has since been withdrawn from the market.
There is also Foster's Super Chilled, which is served at a colder temperature and is available in pubs and bars.
In 2008, Foster's was introduced |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 18, "sc": 428, "ep": 22, "ec": 128} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 18 | 428 | 22 | 128 | Foster's Lager | Variants & Marketing | with a widget called a "scuba" placed into the can to ensure good mixing. This variant is only currently available in the UK.
In the UK, customers are also able to purchase a keg of Foster's for private parties, collecting and returning the keg at a participating store or public house.
Also, there is Fosters Gold which has a slightly higher alcohol percentage of 4.5% sold only in bottles as it described for those who want to "smart up". Marketing From 1964, the brand was promoted in the UK by comedian Barry Humphries and his Private Eye character Barry McKenzie, a bumbling |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 22, "sc": 128, "ep": 22, "ec": 823} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 22 | 128 | 22 | 823 | Foster's Lager | Marketing | Foster's swilling Australian expatriate.
Foster's Lager used the slogan "The Amber Nectar" in Australia and the UK, and "Australian for Beer", elsewhere overseas. The overseas advertising of the product often focuses on the Australian connotations of the beer, e.g. with reference to stereotypical Australian imagery such as kangaroos, exaggerated accents, and cork hats. This was true of a campaign in the 1980s fronted by the Australian comedian Paul Hogan.
The 2009 campaign for Foster's contains two 40-second adverts, "Backpacker" and "Deep Sea"; both end with the slogan, "Foster's – get some Australian in you."
The Foster's Lager brand was used as an advertising |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 22, "sc": 823, "ep": 22, "ec": 1435} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 22 | 823 | 22 | 1,435 | Foster's Lager | Marketing | sponsorship deal with Norwich City F.C. from 1986 to 1989 (a period which included two top five finishes and a run to the FA Cup semi-finals). At its commencement, the sponsorship by Foster's was the most lucrative sponsorship ever given to an English football club.
The brand sponsored Formula One events regularly from 1986 to 2006. During this period it was the title sponsor for the Australian GP (1986–1993 and 2002–2006), the British GP (1990–1993 and 2000–2006) and the San Marino GP (2003–2006). It also was the prime sponsor and trackside sponsor of many other Grands Prix during this time. The |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 22, "sc": 1435, "ep": 22, "ec": 2058} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 22 | 1,435 | 22 | 2,058 | Foster's Lager | Marketing | brand was also used in a sponsorship deal with the A1 Team Australia from 2005 to 2007. The brand is currently used in a major sponsorship deal with the ASP World Tour.
The UK division of the Foster's brand has focused on cultivating comedy-centric advertising and sponsorship arrangements and on 9 November 2011 they launched a trailer for their sponsored, online-only version of the hit 90s' television show The Fast Show. The six weekly episodes started on 10 November and featured the original cast (with the exception of Mark Williams) and many of the characters from the previous series.
From 2010 to |
{"datasets_id": 161423, "wiki_id": "Q1423785", "sp": 22, "sc": 2058, "ep": 22, "ec": 2216} | 161,423 | Q1423785 | 22 | 2,058 | 22 | 2,216 | Foster's Lager | Marketing | 2015 Foster's adverts featured "Good call", in which numerous Britons phone up Australians Brad and Dan for general advice. The campaign was revived in 2019. |
{"datasets_id": 161424, "wiki_id": "Q4492566", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 106} | 161,424 | Q4492566 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 106 | Fredericksburg, California | Name | Fredericksburg, California Name The town was started in 1864 and may have been named for Frederick Frevert, who operated a sawmill nearby. |
{"datasets_id": 161425, "wiki_id": "Q960666", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 619} | 161,425 | Q960666 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 619 | Fredonyer Pass | Atlas Fredonyer | Fredonyer Pass Atlas Fredonyer Fredonyer Pass received its name from Dr. Atlas Fredonyer, who discovered the pass in 1850.
Fredonyer was born in Switzerland in about 1832.
In 1850, he traveled through the Humboldt River, Black Rock Desert and High Rock Canyon. He and his companions decided not to take the Lassen Trail and instead headed southwest from High Rock and discovered what is now known as Fredonyer Pass.
In 1862, Fredonyer was convicted of incest and eventually pardoned by California Governor Leland Stanford.
In 1880, Dr. Fredonyer died in San Francisco after colon surgery to remove a 16 ounce bottle |
{"datasets_id": 161425, "wiki_id": "Q960666", "sp": 6, "sc": 619, "ep": 10, "ec": 513} | 161,425 | Q960666 | 6 | 619 | 10 | 513 | Fredonyer Pass | Atlas Fredonyer & Geography | that he had inadvertently lost inside his rectum after an attempt to alleviate a severe case of diarrhea. Geography In the early 1900s, Fredonyer pass was known as Fredonia Pass.
In 1995, there was an unsuccessful move to rename Fredonyer Pass to honor of Deputy Sheriff Larry David Griffith, who was slain in the line of duty.
Fredonyer Pass is part of the approximate boundary between the Sierra Nevada and the Cascade Range. This irregular boundary is sometimes defined as the southern extent of Cenozoic igneous surface rock from the Cascade Range. This boundary roughly follows the drainage of the North Fork |
{"datasets_id": 161425, "wiki_id": "Q960666", "sp": 10, "sc": 513, "ep": 10, "ec": 759} | 161,425 | Q960666 | 10 | 513 | 10 | 759 | Fredonyer Pass | Geography | Feather River southeast to Fredonyer Pass. Note that there are other Cenozoic igneous rocks in the Sierra (e.g., near Lake Tahoe), but there is a clear geological division near Fredonyer Pass, and points westward as far as the Sacramento Valley. |
{"datasets_id": 161426, "wiki_id": "Q1353194", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 557} | 161,426 | Q1353194 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 557 | Gabriel Damon | Biography | Gabriel Damon Biography Damon's career began with appearances in numerous commercials, with his first role in the 1984 TV series Call to Glory. He voiced Littlefoot the Apatosaurus in the first The Land Before Time movie, and Little Nemo in Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland. In 1990 he appeared as the juvenile criminal Hob in RoboCop 2 and in 1992 as Spot Conlon in Newsies. Damon has also made guest TV appearances in the series ER, Star Trek: The Next Generation and Baywatch.
Damon retired from the entertainment industry in 2006, to work as a real estate agent. |
{"datasets_id": 161427, "wiki_id": "Q5552186", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 110} | 161,427 | Q5552186 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 110 | Germany women's national youth football team | Germany women's national youth football team This article includes current squads of Germany U-23, U-20, U-19, U-17, U-16 and U-15 national football teams. |
|
{"datasets_id": 161428, "wiki_id": "Q1650941", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 191} | 161,428 | Q1650941 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 191 | Ghetaldi | History | Ghetaldi History The Ghetaldi were said to have come from Taranto, in 940, at the same time as the Caboga.
In 1809, Ivan Ghetaldi sold some land on Pelješac. In 1847 they were given Austrian nobility. |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 75} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 75 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | Early life & National Geographic Society | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor Early life Grosvenor was born on October 28, 1875 to Lilian Waters and Edwin A. Grosvenor in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, (now known as Istanbul, Turkey).
He was second cousin to U.S. President and U.S. Supreme Court Justice William Howard Taft.
He was educated at Worcester Academy and at Robert Elementary School. He attended Amherst College and graduated with the A.B. degree magna cum laude in 1897. While at Amherst, Grosvenor and his twin brother Edwin were one of the best tennis doubles teams. National Geographic Society Grosvenor was hired in 1899 as the first full-time employee of the National |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 10, "sc": 75, "ep": 10, "ec": 710} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 10 | 75 | 10 | 710 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | National Geographic Society | Geographic Society by Alexander Graham Bell, the Society's President at the time. He eventually was named Director, and later was elected President of the Society in 1920 after the death of Rear Admiral John E. Pillsbury, and remained editor of National Geographic magazine until 1954.
Grosvenor advocated policies of neutrality and positive, upbeat journalism through two world wars, the Great Depression, and the beginning of the Cold War. This style was seen as innovative in the opening years of the 20th century. However, by the 1950s, Grosvenor's style was criticized as being ossified and dated. He and his staff (most |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 10, "sc": 710, "ep": 14, "ec": 278} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 10 | 710 | 14 | 278 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | National Geographic Society & Support for the National Park Service | of whom were in their late 60s and 70s) were criticized as being conservative, complacent, and unwilling to modernize, and the National Geographic's subscription base fell as a consequence. After 50 years at the helm, he stepped down in 1954 at the age of 78. Support for the National Park Service Grosvenor first traveled to the western United States in 1915 to hike with Stephen Mather in the Sierra Mountains and what is now Sequoia National Park. "Grosvenor was so overwhelmed by the grandeur of the High Sierras and his experience on the trip that he became a revered and |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 14, "sc": 278, "ep": 14, "ec": 921} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 14 | 278 | 14 | 921 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | Support for the National Park Service | long-time friend of Mather and the national parks," according to National Park Service historian Walter Bielenberg. Following his return, Grosvenor provided funding to buy Giant Forest and add it to Sequoia National Park.
For years, opposition in Congress had prevented creation of a national system of parks. In late 1915 and 1916, Grosvenor met with Stephen Mather, Horace Albright, and others to draft the Organic Act, which would create a National Park Service. He then created a special issue of National Geographic (April 1916) entitled "The Land of the Best" to promote the importance of parks and encouraged readers to support |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 14, "sc": 921, "ep": 18, "ec": 103} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 14 | 921 | 18 | 103 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | Support for the National Park Service & Descendants | creation of a national system. He and Albright made sure that every member of Congress had a copy of the issue. Their efforts worked, and that year legislation finally passed that would establish the National Park Service.
Grosvenor continued involvement with the National Parks over the years. He became very involved in protecting the Katmai volcanic crater and Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes from mining exploitation, and helped to establish Katmai National Monument in 1918. Katmai National Park's Grosvenor Lodge is named after him. Descendants Through his eldest son Melville, he was the grandfather of Alexander Graham Bell Grosvenor (1927–1978), |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 18, "sc": 103, "ep": 18, "ec": 711} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 18 | 103 | 18 | 711 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | Descendants | a United States Navy pilot, Gilbert Melville Grosvenor (b. 1931), also a National Geographic president, and Edwin S. Grosvenor (b. 1951), the editor-in-chief of American Heritage.
Through his daughter Elsie, he was the grandfather of Walter Kendall Myers (b. 1937), a former U.S. State Department employee who, with his wife, Gwendolyn, was arrested and indicted in 2009 on charges of spying for Cuba for nearly 30 years. He was convicted of spying and sentenced to life imprisonment by a U.S. federal court in July 2010. The judge told the couple: "I see no sense of remorse. You were proud of what |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 18, "sc": 711, "ep": 22, "ec": 625} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 18 | 711 | 22 | 625 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | Descendants & Legacy | you did". Legacy Grosvenor was one of the founders of the Cruising Club of America, and is considered the 'true' father of photojournalism.
In the 1950s, Grosvenor's daughter acquired an historic building in Baddeck, Nova Scotia which she named Gilbert H. Grosvenor Hall in his honour.
His daughter Mabel oversaw the stewardship of Bell's legacy Canadian estate at Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, until her death, and was also the Honorary President of the Alexander Graham Bell Club (founded in 1891), Canada's oldest continuing women's club. The club grew out of a social organization started at Beinn Bhreagh, by her |
{"datasets_id": 161429, "wiki_id": "Q13490065", "sp": 22, "sc": 625, "ep": 22, "ec": 664} | 161,429 | Q13490065 | 22 | 625 | 22 | 664 | Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor | Legacy | grandmother and namesource Mabel Bell. |
{"datasets_id": 161430, "wiki_id": "Q1152531", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 9} | 161,430 | Q1152531 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 9 | Gliese 876 c | Discovery & Orbit and mass | Gliese 876 c Discovery At the time of discovery, Gliese 876 was already known to host an extrasolar planet designated Gliese 876 b. On January 9, 2001, it was announced that further analysis of the star's radial velocity had revealed the existence of a second planet in the system, which was designated Gliese 876 c. The orbital period of Gliese 876 c was found to be exactly half that of the outer planet, which meant that the radial velocity signature of the second planet was initially interpreted as a higher eccentricity of the orbit of Gliese 876 b. Orbit and |
{"datasets_id": 161430, "wiki_id": "Q1152531", "sp": 8, "sc": 9, "ep": 10, "ec": 586} | 161,430 | Q1152531 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 586 | Gliese 876 c | Orbit and mass | mass Gliese 876 c is in a 1:2:4 Laplace resonance with the outer planets Gliese 876 b and Gliese 876 e: for every orbit of planet e, planet b completes two orbits and planet c completes four. This leads to strong gravitational interactions between the planets, causing the orbital elements to change rapidly as the orbits precess. This is the second known example of a Laplace resonance, the first being Jupiter's moons Io, Europa and Ganymede.
The orbital semimajor axis is only 0.13 AU, around a third of the average distance between Mercury and the Sun, and is more eccentric than |
{"datasets_id": 161430, "wiki_id": "Q1152531", "sp": 10, "sc": 586, "ep": 10, "ec": 1175} | 161,430 | Q1152531 | 10 | 586 | 10 | 1,175 | Gliese 876 c | Orbit and mass | the orbit of any of the major planets of our solar system. Despite this, it is located in the inner regions of the system's habitable zone, since Gliese 876 is such an intrinsically faint star.
A limitation of the radial velocity method used to detect Gliese 876 c is that only a lower limit on the planet's mass can be obtained. This is because the measured mass value depends on the inclination of the orbit, which is not determined by the radial velocity measurements. However, in a resonant system such as Gliese 876, gravitational interactions between the planets can be used |
{"datasets_id": 161430, "wiki_id": "Q1152531", "sp": 10, "sc": 1175, "ep": 14, "ec": 438} | 161,430 | Q1152531 | 10 | 1,175 | 14 | 438 | Gliese 876 c | Orbit and mass & Characteristics | to determine the true masses. Using this method, the inclination of the orbit can be determined, revealing the planet's true mass to be 0.72 times that of Jupiter. Characteristics Based on its high mass, Gliese 876 c is likely to be a gas giant with no solid surface. Since it was detected indirectly through its gravitational effects on the star, properties such as its radius, composition, and temperature are unknown. Assuming a composition similar to Jupiter and an environment close to chemical equilibrium, the planet is predicted to have a cloudless upper atmosphere.
Gliese 876 c lies at the inner edge |
{"datasets_id": 161430, "wiki_id": "Q1152531", "sp": 14, "sc": 438, "ep": 14, "ec": 924} | 161,430 | Q1152531 | 14 | 438 | 14 | 924 | Gliese 876 c | Characteristics | of the system's habitable zone. While the prospects for life on gas giants are unknown, it might be possible for a large moon of the planet to provide a habitable environment. Unfortunately tidal interactions between a hypothetical moon, the planet, and the star could destroy moons massive enough to be habitable over the lifetime of the system. In addition it is unclear whether such moons could form in the first place.
This planet, like b and e, has likely migrated inward. |
{"datasets_id": 161431, "wiki_id": "Q2179207", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 140} | 161,431 | Q2179207 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 140 | Gmina Bojanów | Villages & Neighbouring gminas | Gmina Bojanów Villages Gmina Bojanów contains the villages and settlements of Bojanów, Burdze, Cisów Las, Gwoździec, Korabina, Kozły Załęże, Laski, Maziarnia, Przyszów, Ruda, Stany, and Zakrochowa. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Bojanów is bordered by the town of Stalowa Wola and by the gminas of Dzikowiec, Grębów, Jeżowe, Majdan Królewski, Nisko and Nowa Dęba. |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 721} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 721 | Goldstone boson | Goldstone boson In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries. They were discovered by Yoichiro Nambu in the context of the BCS superconductivity mechanism, and subsequently elucidated by Jeffrey Goldstone, and systematically generalized in the context of quantum field theory.
These spinless bosons correspond to the spontaneously broken internal symmetry generators, and are characterized by the quantum numbers of these.
They transform nonlinearly (shift) under the action of these generators, and can thus be excited out of the asymmetric vacuum by these generators. |
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{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 4, "sc": 721, "ep": 8, "ec": 167} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 4 | 721 | 8 | 167 | Goldstone boson | Goldstone's theorem | Thus, they can be thought of as the excitations of the field in the broken symmetry directions in group space—and are massless if the spontaneously broken symmetry is not also broken explicitly.
If, instead, the symmetry is not exact, i.e. if it is explicitly broken as well as spontaneously broken, then the Nambu–Goldstone bosons are not massless, though they typically remain relatively light; they are then called pseudo-Goldstone bosons or pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons (abbreviated PNGBs). Goldstone's theorem Goldstone's theorem examines a generic continuous symmetry which is spontaneously broken; i.e., its currents are conserved, but the ground state is not invariant under |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 8, "sc": 167, "ep": 8, "ec": 899} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 8 | 167 | 8 | 899 | Goldstone boson | Goldstone's theorem | the action of the corresponding charges. Then, necessarily, new massless (or light, if the symmetry is not exact) scalar particles appear in the spectrum of possible excitations. There is one scalar particle—called a Nambu–Goldstone boson—for each generator of the symmetry that is broken, i.e., that does not preserve the ground state. The Nambu–Goldstone mode is a long-wavelength fluctuation of the corresponding order parameter.
By virtue of their special properties in coupling to the vacuum of the respective symmetry-broken theory, vanishing momentum ("soft") Goldstone bosons involved in field-theoretic amplitudes make such amplitudes vanish ("Adler zeros").
In theories with gauge symmetry, the Goldstone |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 8, "sc": 899, "ep": 12, "ec": 471} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 8 | 899 | 12 | 471 | Goldstone boson | Goldstone's theorem & Infraparticles | bosons are "eaten" by the gauge bosons. The latter become massive and their new, longitudinal polarization is provided by the Goldstone boson. Infraparticles There is an arguable loophole in the theorem. If one reads the theorem carefully, it only states that there exist non-vacuum states with arbitrarily small energies. Take for example a chiral N = 1 super QCD model with a nonzero squark VEV which is conformal in the IR. The chiral symmetry is a global symmetry which is (partially) spontaneously broken. Some of the "Goldstone bosons" associated with this spontaneous symmetry breaking are charged under the unbroken gauge |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 12, "sc": 471, "ep": 16, "ec": 489} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 12 | 471 | 16 | 489 | Goldstone boson | Infraparticles & Nonrelativistic theories | group and hence, these composite bosons have a continuous mass spectrum with arbitrarily small masses but yet there is no Goldstone boson with exactly zero mass. In other words, the Goldstone bosons are infraparticles. Nonrelativistic theories A version of Goldstone's theorem also applies to nonrelativistic theories (and also relativistic theories with spontaneously broken spacetime symmetries, such as Lorentz symmetry or conformal symmetry, rotational, or translational invariance).
It essentially states that, for each spontaneously broken symmetry, there corresponds some quasiparticle with no energy gap—the nonrelativistic version of the mass gap. (Note that the energy here is really H−μN−α→⋅P→ and not H.) However, |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 16, "sc": 489, "ep": 16, "ec": 1177} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 16 | 489 | 16 | 1,177 | Goldstone boson | Nonrelativistic theories | two different spontaneously broken generators may now give rise to the same Nambu–Goldstone boson. For example, in a superfluid, both the U(1) particle number symmetry and Galilean symmetry are spontaneously broken. However, the phonon is the Goldstone boson for both.
In general, the phonon is effectively the Nambu–Goldstone boson for spontaneously broken Galilean/Lorentz symmetry. However, in contrast to the case of internal symmetry breaking, when spacetime symmetries are broken, the order parameter need not be a scalar field, but may be a tensor field, and the corresponding independent massless modes may now be fewer than the number of spontaneously broken generators, |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 16, "sc": 1177, "ep": 20, "ec": 518} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 16 | 1,177 | 20 | 518 | Goldstone boson | Nonrelativistic theories & Nambu–Goldstone fermions | because the
Goldstone modes may now be linearly dependent among themselves: e.g., the Goldstone modes for some generators might be expressed as gradients of Goldstone modes for other broken generators. Nambu–Goldstone fermions Spontaneously broken global fermionic symmetries, which occur in some supersymmetric models, lead to Nambu–Goldstone fermions, or goldstinos. These have spin ½, instead of 0, and carry all quantum numbers of the respective supersymmetry generators broken spontaneously.
Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking smashes up ("reduces") supermultiplet structures into the characteristic nonlinear realizations of broken supersymmetry, so that goldstinos are superpartners of all particles in the theory, of any spin, |
{"datasets_id": 161432, "wiki_id": "Q1153441", "sp": 20, "sc": 518, "ep": 20, "ec": 859} | 161,432 | Q1153441 | 20 | 518 | 20 | 859 | Goldstone boson | Nambu–Goldstone fermions | and the only superpartners, at that. That is, to say, two non-goldstino particles
are connected to only goldstinos through supersymmetry transformations, and not to each other, even if they were so connected before the breaking of supersymmetry. As a result, the masses and spin multiplicities of such particles are then arbitrary. |
{"datasets_id": 161433, "wiki_id": "Q17003691", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 607} | 161,433 | Q17003691 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 607 | Good Times, Bed Times | Reception | Good Times, Bed Times Reception Comparing the film to La Brassiere, an earlier creative collaboration by the creative team Hing-Ka Chan, Patrick Leung, and Amy Chin, Variety wrote that Good Times, Bed Times was "less vaudevillian in its humor, but with a stronger pair of distaff thesps this time round", as "the joke comes from casting matinee idol Koo as a sexual non-achiever and Lau, not a prototype romantic lead, as an incurable lothario".
Variety reported that the film "grossed a sturdy HK$20 million ($2.5 million)" from its summer 2003 Hong Kong theatrical release.
The film was initially banned in Malaysia, then |
{"datasets_id": 161433, "wiki_id": "Q17003691", "sp": 6, "sc": 607, "ep": 6, "ec": 669} | 161,433 | Q17003691 | 6 | 607 | 6 | 669 | Good Times, Bed Times | Reception | reworked and released there under the title In Love With You. |
{"datasets_id": 161434, "wiki_id": "Q28452692", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 60} | 161,434 | Q28452692 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 60 | Graham Duncan (botanist) | Life & Work | Graham Duncan (botanist) Life Graham Duncan was born in 1959 and grew up in the Western Cape region amongst its wild bulbous plants. He obtained his early education at the Cape Town Technikon with a National Diploma in horticulture, and joined the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa in 1978, where he came under the influence of Winsome Fanny Barker (1907–1994), then curator of the Compton Herbarium at Kirstenbosch and a Lachenalia specialist. He earned his MSc (cum laude) in Botany at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg in 2005. Work Graham Duncan is a specialist horticulturalist for geophytes |
{"datasets_id": 161434, "wiki_id": "Q28452692", "sp": 10, "sc": 60, "ep": 10, "ec": 713} | 161,434 | Q28452692 | 10 | 60 | 10 | 713 | Graham Duncan (botanist) | Work | and curates the indigenous South African geophytes collection at Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden. These are displayed in the Kay Bergh Bulb House at the Kirstenbosch Conservatory. He is considered an authority on the cultivation, conservation, propagation and biology of bulbs of the Cape region, and the leading expert on the genus Lachenalia. His research deals with the biology and taxonomy of Cape bulbs.
Other than his work on Lachenalia he is known for his expertise on Nerine, Eucomis and Agapanthus. As well as identifying a number of South African plants, he has also bred cultivars such as Clivia miniata 'Kirstenbosch Splendour', which |
{"datasets_id": 161434, "wiki_id": "Q28452692", "sp": 10, "sc": 713, "ep": 14, "ec": 155} | 161,434 | Q28452692 | 10 | 713 | 14 | 155 | Graham Duncan (botanist) | Work & Awards | illustrates the cover of the Kirstenbosch centenary book (2013).
He is the author of numerous books, including several titles in the Kirstenbosch Gardening Series, scientific papers and popular articles on South African bulbous plants. He is also a plant collector and plant photographer (see image) and his photographs illustrate his own books and have been published in The Smallest Kingdom: Plants and Plant Collectors at the Cape of Good Hope (2011). Awards In 1989 he was awarded the Recht Malan Prize for non-fiction (1989) from the Nasionale Boekhandel for his Bulbous plants of southern Africa and in 2001 he |
{"datasets_id": 161434, "wiki_id": "Q28452692", "sp": 14, "sc": 155, "ep": 18, "ec": 213} | 161,434 | Q28452692 | 14 | 155 | 18 | 213 | Graham Duncan (botanist) | Awards & Legacy | was the recipient of the International Bulb Society's Herbert Medal. Legacy Plants for which Duncan is the Botanical authority include many species of Lachenalia, together with W.F.Barker. The International Plant Names Index lists 54 taxa named by him, predominantly species of Lachenalia. |
{"datasets_id": 161435, "wiki_id": "Q37658370", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 471} | 161,435 | Q37658370 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 471 | Gravity and Other Myths | Characteristics | Gravity and Other Myths Gravity and Other Myths is an Australian circus like theatre group, from Adelaide, founded in 2009. Characteristics The group roots in the circus tradition, in particular the Australian community based circus schools such as Cirkidz It has, however, its own interpretation of circus, just as other modern contemporary circus companies such as Cirque Plume, Cirque du Soleil and Circus Oz. In case of Gravity and Other Myths the artists show explicitly their physical efforts, but in a funny way. During some acts there is a close contact with the audience which sits or stands around the |
{"datasets_id": 161435, "wiki_id": "Q37658370", "sp": 8, "sc": 471, "ep": 12, "ec": 120} | 161,435 | Q37658370 | 8 | 471 | 12 | 120 | Gravity and Other Myths | Characteristics & Productions and members | stage. The audience may smell, feel and hear the bodies. In addition, the light and music contribute to the special design of the performances of this group. The group plays on festivals, in particular in Australia, Northern America and Europe, but also in theatres.
The group won several awards (among others Dance Award 2015 for Best Physical Theatre and the Green Room Award 2015 for Outstanding Contemporary Circus). Also the press was enthusiastic, for instance The Guardian, Indaily and Volkskrant. Productions and members After the first productions, Freefall and Exhale, A simple space and Backbone followed. During the last two productions, |
{"datasets_id": 161435, "wiki_id": "Q37658370", "sp": 12, "sc": 120, "ep": 12, "ec": 484} | 161,435 | Q37658370 | 12 | 120 | 12 | 484 | Gravity and Other Myths | Productions and members | Martin Schreiber, Lachlan Binns, Jascha Boyce, Jacob Randell, Lewie West, Lewis Rankin, Joanne Curry, Mieke Lizotte, Lachlan Harper and Jackson Manson (all acrobatics) belonged to the group, as well as Elliot Zoerner and Shenton Gregory (music), and Darcy Grant (director), Geoff Cobham (designer), Craig Harrison (producer) and Triton Tunis-Mitchell (assistant). |
{"datasets_id": 161436, "wiki_id": "Q5606446", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 124} | 161,436 | Q5606446 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 124 | Greg Wolfgramm | Playing career & Representative career | Greg Wolfgramm Playing career Wolfgramm attended St Paul's College where he played in the halves alongside Stacey Jones.
He played for the Richmond Bulldogs in the 1995 Auckland Rugby League competition.
A former Marist Saints player, Wolfgramm played for the Narrandera Lizards in Group 20 Rugby League in which he won a premiership with the Lizards in 1999.
Wolfgramm joined the Canberra Raiders in 2000 and spent three seasons at the club. Representative career Wolfgramm played for Tonga in the 1999 test match against New Zealand. He was then part of the squad for the 2000 World Cup. |
{"datasets_id": 161437, "wiki_id": "Q133172", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 174} | 161,437 | Q133172 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 174 | Grodzisk Wielkopolski County | Neighbouring counties | Grodzisk Wielkopolski County Neighbouring counties Grodzisk Wielkopolski County is bordered by Poznań County to the east, Kościan County to the south-east, Wolsztyn County to the south-west and Nowy Tomyśl County to the west. |
{"datasets_id": 161438, "wiki_id": "Q5611355", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 663} | 161,438 | Q5611355 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 663 | Grovane | Railway | Grovane Railway The Sørlandsbanen railway line runs through the village stopping at Grovane Station. The station was historically a stop along the Setesdal Line. While the original Setesdal Line was a narrow-gauge railway, Sørlandsbanen was (and still is) a standard gauge railway. After the Sørlandsbanen was completed to Kristiansand in 1938, Grovane station became the terminus station for the Setesdal Line. Freight and passengers had to change trains for onward transport by Sørlandsbanen.
Today, the Setesdal Line (first opened 1885, closed 1962) is a heritage railway and a railway museum with steam trains serving the 8-kilometre (5.0 mi) line between Grovane and |
{"datasets_id": 161438, "wiki_id": "Q5611355", "sp": 6, "sc": 663, "ep": 6, "ec": 776} | 161,438 | Q5611355 | 6 | 663 | 6 | 776 | Grovane | Railway | Røyknes. Four steam locomotives from 1894-1902 are preserved, along with a number of passenger and freight cars. |
{"datasets_id": 161439, "wiki_id": "Q888241", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 607} | 161,439 | Q888241 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 607 | Guido del Mestri | Biography | Guido del Mestri Biography Guido del Mestri was born on 13 January 1911. He was ordained a priest on 11 April 1936.
To prepare for a diplomat’s career he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1937.
On 21 September 1959, Pope John XXIII named him Apostolic Delegate to British Eastern and Western Africa.
On 9 September 1967, Pope Paul VI named him Apostolic Delegate to Mexico.
In January 1989, Pope John Paul made him a member of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples and the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church.
He was named a cardinal by Pope John Paul II on |
{"datasets_id": 161439, "wiki_id": "Q888241", "sp": 6, "sc": 607, "ep": 6, "ec": 621} | 161,439 | Q888241 | 6 | 607 | 6 | 621 | Guido del Mestri | Biography | 28 June 1991. |
{"datasets_id": 161440, "wiki_id": "Q1557609", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 316} | 161,440 | Q1557609 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 316 | Guy Williams (equestrian) | Guy Williams (equestrian) Guy Williams (born 11 July 1971) is a British showjumper, ranked number four in Great Britain as of July 2011, part of the GBR equestrian team, and winner of a number of prestigious titles including the British Jumping Derby in 2010.
Guy was also part of the Bronze medal winning team back in Madrid in 2011. |
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{"datasets_id": 161441, "wiki_id": "Q55613234", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 537} | 161,441 | Q55613234 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 537 | HMS Swift (1763) | The wreck | HMS Swift (1763) The wreck Based at Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands, Swift undertook an exploratory trip along the Patagonian coasts before the winter of 1770. A storm forced them to stop near the site of present-day Puerto Deseado to rest and dry their clothes. Entering the Río Deseado, they ran aground on a submerged rock and, although after getting rid of much of the cargo, they managed to free the ship, minutes later they came across a second uncharted rock. At 18:00 on 13 March 1770, Swift sank. Three of the ninety-one crew members (the cook and two |
{"datasets_id": 161441, "wiki_id": "Q55613234", "sp": 6, "sc": 537, "ep": 6, "ec": 635} | 161,441 | Q55613234 | 6 | 537 | 6 | 635 | HMS Swift (1763) | The wreck | soldiers) died. The cook's body appeared days later and he was buried after an impromptu funeral. |
{"datasets_id": 161442, "wiki_id": "Q24851669", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 579} | 161,442 | Q24851669 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 579 | Hadi Heidari | Arrest and imprisonment | Hadi Heidari Arrest and imprisonment Heidari was imprisoned while working at The Shahrvand, a daily newspaper owned by Iran’s Red Crescent Society, the equivalent of the Red Cross. He was sent to Tehran’s Evin Prison to complete a suspended one-year jail sentence imposed in 2013 for his "Blindfold" cartoon, which had been published in the Shargh; leading to a three-month shutdown of that publication.
The Revolutionary Guards had filed a suit against Heidari for his cartoon, which showed a lineup of people, each tying a black blindfold on the next person in line. The cartoon had no caption, leading to |
{"datasets_id": 161442, "wiki_id": "Q24851669", "sp": 6, "sc": 579, "ep": 10, "ec": 193} | 161,442 | Q24851669 | 6 | 579 | 10 | 193 | Hadi Heidari | Arrest and imprisonment & Cartoon responding to Paris terror attacks | several different interpretations. Several politicians alleged that the cartoon had been intentionally released during the week of Holy Defence (a term referring to the eight-year Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s). According to the politicians, the blindfolds "reflected the black headband worn by Iranian soldiers – and suggested that the soldiers went to war blindly", and that the cartoon offended veterans of that war. Cartoon responding to Paris terror attacks At the time of his arrest, Heidari had recently gained international attention with another of his cartoons, which depicted the Eiffel Tower in tearful solidarity with the people of France over |
{"datasets_id": 161442, "wiki_id": "Q24851669", "sp": 10, "sc": 193, "ep": 14, "ec": 422} | 161,442 | Q24851669 | 10 | 193 | 14 | 422 | Hadi Heidari | Cartoon responding to Paris terror attacks & Release | the attacks on Paris by Islamic State in 2015. Iran's state news media have blamed France’s policies toward Syria for the attacks, and Heidari's imprisonment occurred shortly after his Paris cartoon appeared. Release On 26 April 2016, Heidari announced his release, thanking his supporters and posting an image on Instagram of a dove being freed from its cage. It was not the first time he had been imprisoned. During 2009, he was also jailed for several weeks during a crackdown following the disputed re-election of then-President Mahmud Ahmadinejad.
One commentator suggests that in the Muslim world, political cartoons offer a |
{"datasets_id": 161442, "wiki_id": "Q24851669", "sp": 14, "sc": 422, "ep": 14, "ec": 636} | 161,442 | Q24851669 | 14 | 422 | 14 | 636 | Hadi Heidari | Release | reliable way to get a point across to people who can't read. The US-based Committee to Protect Journalists rates Iran as the fourth most-censored country in the world, and a number of journalists remain in prison. |
{"datasets_id": 161443, "wiki_id": "Q1569181", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 158} | 161,443 | Q1569181 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 158 | Haifa Hawks | History | Haifa Hawks History The Hawks were founded in 1990, and have won the Israeli League title six times, in 2006, 2007, and 2008, and 1990, 1991, 1994 (the name of club was HC HAIFA) |
{"datasets_id": 161444, "wiki_id": "Q22961855", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 374} | 161,444 | Q22961855 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 374 | Hannes Wolf (footballer) | RB Leipzig | Hannes Wolf (footballer) RB Leipzig On 23 January 2019, Red Bull Salzburg announced that they had sold Wolf to RB Leipzig from the upcoming 2019/20 season. Wolf penned a 5-year contract with the club.
Short after his arrival to RB Leipzig, Wolf suffered a horrendous leg break for Austria U21 at the European Under-21 Championships in June 2019, after having given his time the lead in the 2-0 victory. |
{"datasets_id": 161445, "wiki_id": "Q5667418", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 571} | 161,445 | Q5667418 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 571 | Harry Boland (trade unionist) | Harry Boland (trade unionist) Harold "Harry" Boland (21 October 1891 – 25 July 1956) was an Australian shearer and trade unionist.
Boland was born near Grenfell to farmer Thomas Charles Edmund Boland and Elizabeth, née Tout. He did not attend school but worked in the Bogan River district as a shearer, wool-presser, sawmiller, tree-feller, fencer and miner. In 1905 he joined the Australian Workers' Union (AWU), and was later employed as a clerk in Sydney. He married Amy Forrest, a dressmaker, at the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Waterloo on 13 April 1914. An organiser for the AWU |
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{"datasets_id": 161445, "wiki_id": "Q5667418", "sp": 4, "sc": 571, "ep": 4, "ec": 1201} | 161,445 | Q5667418 | 4 | 571 | 4 | 1,201 | Harry Boland (trade unionist) | from 1920, he moved to Queensland in search of work in 1923.
In 1924 Boland was the AWU's Western District organiser, holding various positions until becoming Far Northern District secretary in 1941. He was elected Queensland president of the AWU in 1947 and Queensland president of the Australian Labor Party in 1950, joining the federal executive. Boland, who also chaired the union's newspaper the Worker, was one of six Queensland delegates to the 1955 ALP federal conference in Hobart, where he was left to represent his state alone after the other five delegates, who included Premier Vince Gair and state treasurer |
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{"datasets_id": 161445, "wiki_id": "Q5667418", "sp": 4, "sc": 1201, "ep": 4, "ec": 1801} | 161,445 | Q5667418 | 4 | 1,201 | 4 | 1,801 | Harry Boland (trade unionist) | Ted Walsh, boycotted the conference over a dispute concerning the Victorian delegation. Boland was an opponent of the Industrial Groups and supported the conference's resolution to withdraw party support from them.
The anti-Grouper attack in Queensland was led by AWU president Joe Bukowski, allowing Boland to retain friendly relations with Gair and the others. He worked unsuccessfully to avoid the deepening divisions that in 1957 led to the formation of the Queensland Labor Party. Boland, however, did not live to see his party divide, dying in 1956 at Tingalpa of a coronary occlusion. |
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{"datasets_id": 161446, "wiki_id": "Q16842616", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 565} | 161,446 | Q16842616 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 565 | Heater (Samim song) | Music video | Heater (Samim song) Music video A music video was produced and released in support of the single. The video opens with a piece of luggage in the carousel of an airport, then cuts to a montage of city landscapes and air travel clips which seem to follow the suitcase around the world to various environments. The video cuts to a random assortment of people wearing headphones and dancing around the world in various environments – Asian metropolises, Southeast Asia marketplaces, New York City, the Great Pyramids of Giza, a Buddhist statue, the beaches in the islands of Caribbean, San Francisco's |
{"datasets_id": 161446, "wiki_id": "Q16842616", "sp": 6, "sc": 565, "ep": 6, "ec": 1188} | 161,446 | Q16842616 | 6 | 565 | 6 | 1,188 | Heater (Samim song) | Music video | Golden Gate Bridge and more – to the beat of the song. The variety of people and clothing styles suggests unity and happiness as a central part of dancing to the infectious melody of the accordion sample used in "Heater".
Roughly 30 seconds into the video, the luggage reappears and opens to reveal the accordion. Interspersed with the dancing people individuals play the accordion in relation to the sample. Some scenes also depict the dancers mouthing the words of the short vocal yells or mimicking the style of vocalization characterized to the Native American tribes in the United States.
In the later |
{"datasets_id": 161446, "wiki_id": "Q16842616", "sp": 6, "sc": 1188, "ep": 6, "ec": 1619} | 161,446 | Q16842616 | 6 | 1,188 | 6 | 1,619 | Heater (Samim song) | Music video | half of the video an individual which may actually be Samim wearing a floral printed rabbit onesie, large boots and oversized sunglasses dances in front of a painted desert landscape. Between two shots of this individual is an airline steward dancing in the aisle of an airplane with no passengers. The video concludes with a man dancing in the shallows of the shoreline of a beach before lifting off the headphones during sunset. |
{"datasets_id": 161447, "wiki_id": "Q697103", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 447} | 161,447 | Q697103 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 447 | Herrengasse | History | Herrengasse The Herrengasse (meaning in German language: "Street of the Lords" or "Lords Lane") is a street in Vienna, located in the first district Innere Stadt. History The street existed during Roman times as part of the Limes highway system. The first written mention of the street dates to 1216. The section of the street between the Freyung and Lobkowitzplatz squares was known during the Middle Ages as Hochstraße (High Street).
After Vienna began to establish itself as the imperial capital, the nobility (known in German as Herren or Lords) increasingly migrated to the city to be close to the Hofburg |
{"datasets_id": 161447, "wiki_id": "Q697103", "sp": 8, "sc": 447, "ep": 8, "ec": 640} | 161,447 | Q697103 | 8 | 447 | 8 | 640 | Herrengasse | History | Imperial Palace, the residence of the Habsburg rulers. After the Estates of Lower Austria built their assembly house at the Palais Niederösterreich in 1513, the street was renamed Herrengasse. |
{"datasets_id": 161448, "wiki_id": "Q3275395", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 426} | 161,448 | Q3275395 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 426 | Hesler-Noble Field | Facilities | Hesler-Noble Field Facilities Hesler-Noble Field covers 1,350 acres (546 ha) at an elevation of 238 feet (73 m). Its one runway, 13/31, is 5,513 by 150 feet (1,680 x 46 m) asphalt.
In the year ending April 19, 2012 the airport had 22,975 aircraft operations, average 62 per day: 95% general aviation and 5% military.
43 aircraft were then based at this airport: 58% single-engine, 21% multi-engine, 9% jet, 7% ultralight, and 5% helicopter. |
{"datasets_id": 161449, "wiki_id": "Q21125634", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 470} | 161,449 | Q21125634 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 470 | Houghton Brook | Houghton Brook Houghton Brook is a minor tributary of the River Lea. Houghton Brook starts in Houghton Regis and is fed by a number of smaller brooks in the area, mostly supplied by surface water from farmland and the various local villages and housing estates.
The Houghton Brook starts behind the Pavilion on Houghton Regis Village Green and wends eastward though Houghton Brook flows through Houghton Regis, Lewsey and Hockwell Ring before joining the River Lea in Leagrave. |
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{"datasets_id": 161450, "wiki_id": "Q983408", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 636} | 161,450 | Q983408 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 636 | Hugh Algernon Weddell | Hugh Algernon Weddell Hugh Algernon Weddell (22 June 1819 – 22 July 1877) was a physician and botanist, specialising in South American flora.
Weddell was born at Birches House, Painswick near Gloucester, England but was raised in France and educated at the Lycée Henri IV, where he received a medical degree in 1841. He had also studied botany and became a respected member of the French botanical fraternity. While studying he accompanied Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853) on numerous botanizing expeditions and he became a collaborator with Ernest Cosson (1819-1889) and Jacques Germain de Saint-Pierre (1815-1882) in the preparation of Flore des |
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{"datasets_id": 161450, "wiki_id": "Q983408", "sp": 4, "sc": 636, "ep": 4, "ec": 1262} | 161,450 | Q983408 | 4 | 636 | 4 | 1,262 | Hugh Algernon Weddell | environs de Paris (1845). In 1843, he was invited to join the expedition of François Louis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau to South America, and he explored and collected botanical specimens on that continent for five years.
In May 1845, Weddell left the expedition which was then in Paraguay, and proceeded on a solitary journey which would take him into Peru and Bolivia. Before leaving Paris, he had been particularly instructed by the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle to undertake a thorough investigation of the Cinchona plant, or "fever bark" tree in its native habitat. Cinchona, the source of quinine, was |
|
{"datasets_id": 161450, "wiki_id": "Q983408", "sp": 4, "sc": 1262, "ep": 4, "ec": 1871} | 161,450 | Q983408 | 4 | 1,262 | 4 | 1,871 | Hugh Algernon Weddell | of great commercial importance and Europeans had been investigating it for nearly two hundred years with the goal of cultivating it in regions far removed from the Andes mountains. Weddell explored a number of regions where the trees grew and identified no fewer than fifteen distinct species of the genus Cinchona (Rubiaceae). The seeds which he took back to Paris were germinated in the Jardin des Plantes, and the plants were used to establish Cinchona forests in Java and elsewhere in the East Indies.
In 1847 he married Manuela Bolognesi, a resident of Arequipa. By March 1848 he had returned to |
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{"datasets_id": 161450, "wiki_id": "Q983408", "sp": 4, "sc": 1871, "ep": 4, "ec": 2468} | 161,450 | Q983408 | 4 | 1,871 | 4 | 2,468 | Hugh Algernon Weddell | Paris, leaving his wife in South America.
In Paris, Weddell was given the post of assistant naturalist at the museum. He held this office until 1853. Weddell made a second trip to South America in 1851. He returned to France and died on 22 July 1877 in Poitiers, while caring for his father.
He is commemorated in the names of a number of plants and animals, including the dusky-headed parakeet, Aratinga weddellii, and the Andean plant Diplostephium weddellii S.F.Blake (Compositae).
This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Wedd. when citing a botanical name. |
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{"datasets_id": 161451, "wiki_id": "Q5929992", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 209} | 161,451 | Q5929992 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 209 | Hugh Bell (photographer) | Biography | Hugh Bell (photographer) Hugh Cecil Lancelot Bell (born June 22, 1927 – October 31, 2012) was an American photographer. He was best known for his jazz photographs from the 1950s and 1960s. He also photographed fashion and still life images for Esquire, Ebony, Essence, American Visions, and others, as well as taking part in Edward Steichen's "The Family of Man" project. Biography Bell was born in New York in 1927 to parents who emigrated from the Caribbean island of St. Lucia. Bell attended George Washington High School in Manhattan, where he was one of their long distance track stars, |
{"datasets_id": 161451, "wiki_id": "Q5929992", "sp": 8, "sc": 209, "ep": 8, "ec": 809} | 161,451 | Q5929992 | 8 | 209 | 8 | 809 | Hugh Bell (photographer) | Biography | and graduated in 1945. He spent a lot of time doing the thing he liked best, photographing jazz musicians. One of Bell's iconic jazz photos is a sad portrait of Charlie Parker at the Open Door club on Manhattan's Lower East Side. After graduating from New York University in 1952 with a bachelor's degree in Journalism and Cinematic Art, Bell was invited by Edward Steichen to participate in the Museum of Modern Art's landmark exhibition, The Family of Man. Over a period of three years, Steichen edited two million candidate photographs to arrive at 503 final images representing 293 photographers |
{"datasets_id": 161451, "wiki_id": "Q5929992", "sp": 8, "sc": 809, "ep": 8, "ec": 1428} | 161,451 | Q5929992 | 8 | 809 | 8 | 1,428 | Hugh Bell (photographer) | Biography | from 68 nations. After opening in New York on January 26, 1955, the exhibition continued to 69 venues in 37 foreign countries, making it one of the most successful photographic exhibitions of all time. Its purpose, in Steichen's words, was to seek "photographs covering the gamut of human relations, particularly the hard-to-find photographs of the everydayness in the relationships of man to himself, to his family, to the community, and to the world we live in."
Bell's studio was at 873 Broadway, New York City, on the corner of East 18th Street.
Following kidney failure in 2004 (which left him on |
{"datasets_id": 161451, "wiki_id": "Q5929992", "sp": 8, "sc": 1428, "ep": 8, "ec": 1494} | 161,451 | Q5929992 | 8 | 1,428 | 8 | 1,494 | Hugh Bell (photographer) | Biography | dialysis), a stroke, and leukemia, Bell died on October 31, 2012. |
{"datasets_id": 161452, "wiki_id": "Q4138141", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 642} | 161,452 | Q4138141 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 642 | Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia | History | Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia History It was founded in 1921 as the Meteorological Service of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. In 1929 it joined the Hydrometeorological Centre of the USSR. In accordance with Government Decree on the establishment of a single hydrometeorological service of January 1, 1930 was organized by the Central Weather Bureau, converted in 1936 into the Central Weather Institute (since 1943 - Central Institute of Forecasting). In 1965, the Central Institute of forecasts and the Joint Centre of the Academy of Sciences and the Main Directorate of Hydrometeorological Service were merged into one institution: Hydrometeorological Research |
{"datasets_id": 161452, "wiki_id": "Q4138141", "sp": 6, "sc": 642, "ep": 6, "ec": 1050} | 161,452 | Q4138141 | 6 | 642 | 6 | 1,050 | Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia | History | Center of the USSR.
From 1992 it is called Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia. An important event, largely determined the fate of research at the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, was giving it the Government Decree №1167 of October 14, 1994 the status of the State Scientific Center of Russian Federation. In January 2007, by decision of the Government of Russia, this status has been saved. |
{"datasets_id": 161453, "wiki_id": "Q5973061", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 164} | 161,453 | Q5973061 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 164 | IPNA | IPNA IPNA (Iran Pas News Agency) is a National Sports News Agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran. IPNA is a main source of sports news distributed in the media in Iran. |
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{"datasets_id": 161454, "wiki_id": "Q27107935", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 578} | 161,454 | Q27107935 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 578 | Ian Corbett | Ian Corbett The Very Reverend Ian Deighton Corbett was Dean of Tuam from 1997 to 1999.
Corbett was born in 1942, educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge and Westcott House Cambridge and ordained in 1969.
After a curacy in Bury he was Chaplain at Bolton Polytechnic. He was the Diocese of Manchester's Further Education Officer from 1974 to 1983 and Rector of St John Chrysostom, Victoria Park from 1975 to 1980. He was the Chaplain of Salford Polytechnic from 1980 to 1983; and Rector of Sacred Trinity, Salford from 1983 to 1987. He was Warden of Lelapa la Jesu Sem |
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