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2hop__81659_52835 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": ", 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Come Away with Me",
"paragraph_text": "Come Away with Me is the first full - length album by vocalist Norah Jones, released by Blue Note Records on February 26, 2002. The album received Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on February 15, 2005, having shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. As of October 2016, the album has sold more than 27 million copies worldwide. Come Away with Me reached the top of the Billboard 200 chart and several jazz charts.Come Away with Me is the first full - length album by vocalist Norah Jones, released by Blue Note Records on February 26, 2002. The album received Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on February 15, 2005, having shipped over 10 million copies in the U.S. As of October 2016, the album has sold more than 27 million copies worldwide. Come Away with Me reached the top of the Billboard 200 chart and several jazz charts.Come Away with Me is the debut studio album by American recording artist Norah Jones, released on February 26, 2002, by Blue Note Records. Recording sessions took place at Sorcerer Sound Studio in New York City and Allaire Studios in Shokan, New York.\nCome Away with Me peaked at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and received Grammy Awards for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album. It was later certified Diamond by the RIAA on February 15, 2005, for shipments of over ten million copies in the United States, and has sold over 27 million copies worldwide as of 2016, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time.\n\n\n== Composition ==\n\nCome Away with Me is an acoustic pop album that features Jones supported by jazz musicians: Kevin Breit, Bill Frisell, Adam Levy, Adam Rogers, and Tony Scherr on guitar; Sam Yahel on organ; Jenny Scheinman on violin; Rob Burger on accordion; and Brian Blade, Dan Rieser, and Kenny Wollesen on drums. Jones wrote the title song. Guitarist Jesse Harris wrote \"Don't Know Why\". The album includes Jones' versions of \"The Nearness of You\" by Hoagy Carmichael and \"Cold, Cold Heart\" by Hank Williams.\nCome Away with Me incorporates blues, jazz, folk, soul, and country. Bobby Dodd of All About Jazz writes that although the album features jazz standards, jazz purists and academics \"may deny [Jones] jazz credibility for her folk infusion\".\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nCome Away with Me debuted at number 139 on the Billboard 200 in the US upon its release in February 2002 selling 10,000 copies in its first week. Despite being released at a time when music piracy was high and album sales were declining, the album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in August that same year. The album eventually climbed to the top of the Billboard 200 in January 2003, almost a year after it was released selling 108,000 copies that week. By the time of the Grammy Awards the following month, Come Away with Me had already sold 3 million copies in the country. Jones' success at the award show resulted in the album moving another 600,000 copies the week immediately following the awards. In total, the album appeared on the Billboard 200 for 165 weeks and sold 11.1 million copies in the US as of March 2016. The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA in February 2005 for selling over ten million copies in the US. It was also the eleventh best-selling album of the Nielsen SoundScan era as of 2016.\nAs of October 2016, the album had sold more than 27 million copies worldwide. Polyphonic HMI's \"Hit Song Science\" software claimed to have predicted the album's success months before its release, contradicting skeptical executives. In Germany, the album debuted at No. 37. It remained on the German Albums Chart for 141 weeks and reached No. 2 in its 37th week on that chart, where it stayed for four weeks. Come Away with Me sold 750,000 copies, reaching 5× gold, becoming her most successful album in Germany and one of the longest charting albums on the German Albums Chart.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nCome Away with Me received acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 82 out of 100, which indicates \"universal acclaim\" based on 9 reviews.\nThe album received 3.5 out of 4 stars from both the Chicago Sun-Times and the Los Angeles Times reviews. AllMusic's David R. Adler wrote that \"while the mood of this record stagnates after a few songs, it does give a strong indication of Jones' alluring talents.\" Robert Christgau of The Village Voice cited it as \"the most unjazz album [Blue Note] has ever released\" and criticized that \"Jones's voice dominates the record.\"\nThe A.V. Club gave it a favorable review and called the album \"A showcase for Jones' remarkable voice, the disc captures a singer whose rare instinct for interpretation always serves the song, rather than working against it.\" E! Online gave it an A and stated: \"Gorgeous and intimate, the 14 songs on her debut disc ache with romantic maturity and a smart, slow-jam sexiness that belies the fact that, at 22, Jones is hardly older than Britney Spears.\" Kludge included it on their list of best albums of 2002.\n\n\n== 20th anniversary edition ==\nIn April 2022, a remastered expanded edition of Come Away with Me was released, with demos from the promo-only First Sessions EP, and including 22 previously unreleased demos, outtakes, and alternative versions.\n\n\n== Track listing",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the author of the song Turn Me On performed by the vocalist of Come Away with Me? | [
{
"id": 81659,
"question": "who sang the song come away with me",
"answer": "Norah Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 52835,
"question": "who wrote turn me on by #1",
"answer": "John D. Loudermilk",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | John D. Loudermilk | [] | true | Who wrote Turn Me On by the singer of Come Away with Me? |
2hop__21991_43945 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Thomas Paine",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 withBorn in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, ``Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain. ''Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. His The American Crisis (1776 -- 83) was a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series.Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), proportionally the all - time best - selling American title, which crystall",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Edmund Burke",
"paragraph_text": " who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland and is among the \"chief Gall or Old English families that assimilated into Gaelic society\" (the surname de Burgh (Latinised as de Burgo) was gaelicised in Irish as de Búrca or Búrc which over the centuries became Burke).\nBurke adhered to his father's faith and remained a practising Anglican throughout his life, unlike his sister Juliana, who was brought up as and remained a Roman Catholic. Later, his political enemies repeatedly accused him of having been educated at the Jesuit College of St. Omer, near Calais, France; and of harbouring secret Catholic sympathies at a time when membership in the Catholic Church would disqualify him from public office per Penal Laws in Ireland. As Burke told Frances Crewe:\n\nMr. Burke's Enemies often endeavoured to convince the World that he had been bred up in the Catholic Faith, & that his Family were of it, & that he himself had been educated at St. Omer—but this was false, as his father was a regular practitioner of the Law at Dublin, which he could not be unless of the Established Church: & it so happened that though Mr. B was twice at Paris, he never happened to go through the Town of St. Omer.\nAfter being elected to the House of Commons, Burke took the required oath of allegiance and abjuration, the oath of supremacy and the declaration against transubstantiation.\nAs a child, Burke sometimes spent time away from the unhealthy air of Dublin with his mother's family near Killavullen in the Blackwater Valley in County Cork. He received his early education at a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare, some 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Dublin; and possibly like his cousin Nano Nagle at a Hedge school near Killavullen. He remained in correspondence with his schoolmate from there, Mary Leadbeater, the daughter of the school's owner, throughout his life.\nIn 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment which up until 1793 did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, Edmund Burke's Club, which in 1770 merged with TBurke's Reflections sparked a pamphlet war. Thomas Paine penned the Rights of Man in 1791 as a response to Burke; Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Men and James Mackintosh wrote Vindiciae Gallicae. Mackintosh was the first to see the Reflections as \"the manifesto of a Counter Revolution\". Mackintosh later agreed with Burke's views, remarking in December 1796 after meeting him, that Burke was \"minutely and accurately informed, to a wonderful exactness, with respect to every fact relating to the French Revolution\". Mackintosh later said: \"Burke was one of the first thinkers as well as one of the greatest orators of his time. He is without parallel in any age, excepting perhaps Lord Bacon and Cicero; and his works contain an ampler store of political and moral wisdom than can be found in any other writer whatever\". conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro-French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox.\nIn the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently, in the 20th century, he became widely regarded, especially in the United States, as the philosophical founder of conservatism, along with his more conservative counterpart, Joseph de Maistre.\n\n\n== Early life ==\n\nBurke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary, née Nagle, was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a County Cork family and a cousin of the Catholic educator Nano Nagle, whereas his father Richard, a successful solicitor, was a member of the Church of Ireland. It remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burgh (Burke) dynasty descends from the Anglo-Norman knight, William de Burgh, who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland and is among the \"chief Gall or Old English families that assimilated into Gaelic society\" (the surname de Burgh (Latinised as de Burgo) was gaelicised in Irish as de Búrca or Búrc which over the centuries became Burke).\nBurke adhered to his father's faith and remained a practising Anglican throughout his life, unlike his sister Juliana, who was brought up as and remained a Roman Catholic. Later, his political enemies repeatedly accused him of having been educated at the Jesuit College of St. Omer, near Calais, France; and of harbouring secret Catholic sympathies at a time when membership in the Catholic Church would disqualify him from public office per Penal",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Why is the work "Common Sense," by the same writer of "The Rights of Man," considered significant? | [
{
"id": 21991,
"question": "Who wrote 'The Rights of Man'?",
"answer": "Thomas Paine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 43945,
"question": "common sense which was written by #1 was an important work because it",
"answer": "crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain | [
"Great Britain"
] | true | Why was Common Sense, written by the same author as The Rights of Man, an important work? |
3hop1__818422_160545_60577 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-dBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Beatrice Heuser",
"paragraph_text": " a D.Phil. in Political Science from the University of Oxford. In addition, she holds a Higher Doctorate from the University of Marburg. From 1989 to 1991, she worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. Subsequently, she became a lecturer and later a professor of Strategic Studies at King's College London. She has also taught in France at the University of Reims, and the Graduate School of Journalism in Lille, and in Germany at the University of Potsdam and Bundeswehr University of Munich. 'From 2003 to 2007 the director of the research section of the GermanBeatrice Heuser (born 15 March 1961 in Bangkok), is an historian and political scientist. She holds the chair of International Relations at the University of Glasgow.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Beach (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Controversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Leh to make it more ``paradise - like ''. The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach. Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed. Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004. released on 11 February 2000, by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box office success, grossing $144 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack, and DiCaprio's performance, but criticized it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book's themes and social commentary.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what location within Beatrice Heuser's birth country was The Beach filmed? | [
{
"id": 818422,
"question": "Beatrice Heuser >> place of birth",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 60577,
"question": "where did they film the beach in #2",
"answer": "Ko Phi Phi Leh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Ko Phi Phi Leh | [
"Ko Phi Phi Le"
] | true | Where did they film The Beach in the country where Beatrice Heuser was born? |
2hop__729651_631003 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Tom Hood",
"paragraph_text": "Tom Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874), was an English humorist and playwright, and son of the poet and author Thomas Hood. A prolific author, in 1865 he was appointed editor of the magazine \"Fun\". He founded \"Tom Hood's Comic Annual\" in 1867.Tom Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874), was an English humorist and playwright, and son of the poet and author Thomas Hood. A prolific author, in 1865 he was appointed editor of the magazine \"Fun\". He founded \"Tom Hood's Comic Annual\" in 1867.Thomas Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874) was an English humorist, playwright and author. He was the son of the poet and author Thomas Hood. Pen and Pencil Pictures (1857) was the first of his illustrated books. His most successful novel was Captain Master's Children (1865).\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\nHood was born at Lake House, Leytonstone, England, the son of the poet Thomas Hood and his wife Jane (née Reynolds) (1791–1846). His older sister was the children's writer, Frances Freeling Broderip. After attending University College School and Louth Grammar School, he entered Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1853. There he studied for the Church and passed all the examinations for the degree of BA, but did not graduate.\nAt Oxford, he wrote his Farewell to the Swallows (185",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Frances Freeling Broderip",
"paragraph_text": " Broderip of Cossington Manor, (d. 1847), by his wife Grace Dory, daughter of Benjamin Greenhill. Her husband was born at Wells, Somersetshire, in 1814, educated at Eton, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, became rector of Cossington, Somersetshire, 1844, and died at Cossington on 10 April 1866. The couple had four daughters.\n\n\n== Publications ==\nIn 1857 Mrs. Broderip commenced her literary career by the publication of Wayside Fancies, which was followed in 1860 by Funny Fables for Little Folks, the first of a series of her works to which the illustrations were supplied by her brother, Tom Hood. Her other books appeared in the followingBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office.FBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office. born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office. Her younger brother was the humourist Tom Hood.\n\n\n== Marriage ==\nOn 10 September 1849 she married the Rev. John Somerville Broderip, son of Edward Broderip of Cossington Manor, (d. 1847), by his wife Grace Dory, daughter of Benjamin Greenhill. Her husband was born at Wells, Somersetshire, in 1814, educated at Eton, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, became rector of Cossington, Somersetshire, 1844, and died at Cossington on 10 April 1866. The couple had four daughters.\n\n\n== Publications ==\nIn 1857 Mrs. Broderip commenced her literary career by the publication of Wayside Fancies, which was followed in 1860 by Funny Fables for Little Folks, the first of a series of her works to which the illustrations were supplied by her brother, Tom Hood. Her other books appeared in the followingBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office.Frances Freeling Broderip (née Hood) (11 September 1830 – 3 November 1878) was an English children's writer.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary to the general post office. Her younger brother was the humourist Tom Hood.\n\n\n== Marriage ==\nOn 10 September 1849 she married the Rev. John Somerville Broderip, son of Edward Broderip of Cossington Manor, (d. 1847), by his wife Grace Dory, daughter of Benjamin Greenhill. Her husband was born at Wells, Somersetshire, in 1814, educated at Eton, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he took his B.A. 1837, M.A. 1839, became rector of Cossington, Somersetshire, 1844, and died at Cossington on 10 April 1866. The couple had four daughters.\n\n\n== Publications ==\nIn 1857 Mrs. Broderip commenced her literary career by the publication of Wayside Fancies, which was followed in 1860 by Funny Fables for Little Folks, the first of a series of her works to which the illustrations were supplied by her brother, Tom Hood. Her other books appeared in the following order:\n\nChrysal, or a Story with an End 1861\nFairyland, or Recreations for the Rising Generation. By T. and J. Hood, and their Son and Daughter 1861\nTiny Tadpole, and other Tales 1862\nMy Grandmother's Budget of Stories 1863\nMerry Songs for Little Voices. By F. F. Broderip and T. Hood 1865\nCrosspatch, the Cricket, and the Counterpane 1865\nMamma's Morning Gossips 1866\nWild Roses: Simple Stories of Country Life 1867\nThe Daisy and her Friends: Tales and Stories for Children 1869\nTales of the Toys told by Themselves 1869\nExcursions into Puzzledom. By T. Hood the Younger, and F. F. Broderip 1879\nIn 1860, with the assistance of her brother, Tom Hood, she edited Memorials of Thomas Hood, 2 vols., and in 1869 selected and published the Early Poems and Sketches of her father. She also, in conjunction with her brother, published in a collected form The Works of T. Hood, 1869–73, 10 vols.\n\n\n== Death ==\nShe died at Clevedon on 3 November 1878, in her forty-ninth year, and was buried in St. Mary's churchyard, Walton by Clevedon, on 9 November, leaving issue four daughters.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: \"Broderip, Frances Freeling\". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. \n\n\n== External links ==\nWorks by Frances Freeling Broderip at Project Gutenberg\nWorks by or about Frances Freeling Broderip at Internet ArchiveFrances Freeling Broderip (née Hood) (11 September 1830 – 3 November 1878) was an English children's writer.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBroderip, second daughter of Thomas Hood, the poet, who died in 1845, by his wife, Jane Reynolds, who died in 1846, was born at Winchmore Hill, Middlesex, in 1830. She was named after her father's friend, Sir Francis Freeling, the secretary",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the brother or sister of Frances Freeling Broderip? | [
{
"id": 729651,
"question": "Frances Freeling Broderip >> father",
"answer": "Thomas Hood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 631003,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Tom Hood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Tom Hood | [
"Thomas Hood"
] | true | Who is Frances Freeling Broderip's sibling? |
2hop__599396_19320 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mexico City",
"paragraph_text": " urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.\nMexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585, it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City played a major role in the Spanish colonial empire as a political, administrative, and financial center. Following independence from Spain, the federal district was established in 1824.\nAfter years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were finally given the right to elect both a head of government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by election in 1997. Ever since, left-wing parties (first the Party of the Democratic Revolution and later the National Regeneration Movement) have controlled both of them. The city has several progressive policies, such as elective abortions, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, same-sex marriage, and legal gender change. On 29 January 2016, it ceased to be the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F.) and is now officially known as Ciudad de México (or CDMX), with a greater degree of autonomy. A clause in the Constitution of Mexico, however, prevents it from becoming a state within the Mexican federation, as long it remains the capital of the country.\n\n\n== Nicknames and mottos ==\nMexico City was traditionally known as La Ciudad de los Palacios (\"the City of the Palaces\"), a nickname attributed to Baron Alexander von Humboldt when visiting the city in the 19th century, who, sending a letter back to Germany, said Mexico City could rival any major city in Europe. But it was English politician Charles Latrobe who really penned the following: \"... look at their works: the moles, aqueducts, churches, roads—and the luxurious City of Palaces which has risen from the clay-built ruins of Tenochtitlan...\", on page 84 of the Letter V of The Rambler in Mexico.\nDuring the colonial period, the city's motto was \"Muy Noble e Insigne, Muy Leal e Imperial\" (Very Noble and Distinguished, Very Loyal and Imperial). During Andrés Manuel López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza (lit.��'The City of Hope'). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname but has faded since the new motto, Capital en Movimiento (\"Capital in Movement\"), was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. \nUp until 2013, it was common to refer to the city by the initialism \n\"DF\" from \"Distrito Federal de México\". Since 2013, the abbreviation \"CDMX\" (Ciudad de México) has been more common, particularly in relation to government campaigns.\nThe city is colloquially known as ChilangThe National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.MexThe National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales, which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias.\nThe 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of 1,495 square kilometers (577 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes it one of the most productive urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.\nMexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585, it",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Javier Barros Sierra",
"paragraph_text": " from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.\n\n\n== References ==Javier Barros Sierra (25 February 1915 – 5 May 1971) was a Mexican engineer and rector ofBorn in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.JBorn in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970. UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the global rank of the company where Javier Barros Sierra works? | [
{
"id": 599396,
"question": "Javier Barros Sierra >> employer",
"answer": "UNAM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 19320,
"question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?",
"answer": "74th",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 74th | [] | true | What worldwide ranking does Javier Barros Sierra's employer hold? |
3hop1__337705_132457_47686 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": " later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.\nThe bus bays on the south side of the building were decommissioned and the area converted into a Green P paid parking lot. The waiting area and newsstand in the Elizabeth Street Terminal were closed in 2010 with only the bus platform on the north of the building remaining open to the public for bus arrivals. Due to limited space, buses would park overnight along Edward Street and Chestnut Street.\nA renovation of the main terminal building occurred in 1990, tripled the main terminal's floor space to 2,500 square metres, creating more seating for waiting passengers (250 seats rather than 100). This was done by demolishing the interior wall separating the main building from the bus bays and replacing it with a glass wall several metres to the west, reducing the space allotted for bus bays. The bus shed is configured into seven lanes, with room for two buses in each lane. The 40-seat lunch counter-style restaurant which had been on the main floor was removed and replaced by an upstairs restaurant and bar seating 150, with railings overlooking main floor enclosed with glass. The restaurant was unable to attract enough passengers to sustain itself and the vendor instead was given space to run a snack bar on the main floor and a passenger lounge and bar in the basement, leaving the upstairs area to be converted to office space. An enclosed pedestrian walkway, with lockers lining the south wall, was built on the south side of the bus shed connecting the main terminal building with Elizabeth Street allowing passengers to walk from the main building to Elizabeth Street, and then cross the street to the Elizabeth terminal, without having to walk through the bus bays in the main terminal. The dispatch office is located along the west wall of the terminal, overlooking the bus bays. \nAs part of the renovation, a tunnel was built under Bay Street at the cost of CA$4 million connecting the main terminal to the Atrium on Bay and, through it, to Dundas subway station as well as to the PATH network. A newspaper stand was located in the basement along with, over various years, a shoeshine stand (in earlier decades), a travellers' lounge called Kramden's Kafe (after it moved from its original location as the upstairs restaurant) serving snacks and alcohol and equipped with a pool table, and finally a bakery. \nIn 2012, the coach terminal's board proposed that a new facility be built at the terminal's current location combining the original terminal and the Elizabeth Street annex into one structure that could fit double the current number of bus bays. However, in September 2014 Metrolinx announced plans to relocate its GO Transit Union Station Bus Terminal to a new terminal in the then under-construction CIBC Square office development located at 81 Bay Street and move the bus lines that serviced the coach terminal there. This new terminal opened in December 2020. \n\nGreyhound Canada suspended service in May 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and announced on May 13, 2021, that they were permanently ending Canadian operations. Coach Canada/Megabus relocated to the new Union Station Bus Terminal, effective June 8, 2021. Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services, the last remaining bus line that used the Toronto Coach Terminal, relocated to Union Station effective July 4, 2021, bringing the Toronto Coach Terminal's role as a bus depot to a close after almost 90 years of service.\n\n\n== Future redevelopment ==\nOn October 29, 2019, Toronto City Council identified the Bay and Elizabeth Street terminal properties as an asset that is underutilized, \"with an opportunity to unlock value and address City needs and City building objectives, such as affordable housing, employment uses and community infrastructure.\" Despite its age, the structure is only a \"listed property\" in the City's Heritage Register, offering a 60 day window that the property owner has to notify the City before moving or demolishing the structure. \nIn April 2022, Toronto City Council approved a plan to redevelop the site into a mixed-income, mixed-use development that includes affordable housing, and a paramedics multi-hub, and office spaces for the life science and biomedical sectors.\nAccording to Vic Gupta, CEO of CreateTO, the city's real estate arm, \"approximately 750 homes could be included in these sites with approximately 250 being affordable homes.”\nCreate TO announced in November 2022 that it is seeking bids from developers. \nIn June 2023, CreateTO announced its shortlist of bidders submitting proposals to redevelop 610 Bay Street and 130 Elizabeth Street:\n\nCapital Developments\nHines Canada\nKilmer Group & EllisDon Inc.\nMOD Developments\nTAS Developments\nTricon Residential\nTridel Group & Woodbourne Capital Management\n\n\n== Ownership ==\nThe terminal was originally owned by Gray Coach Lines when it was a Toronto Transit Commission subsidiary. When the TTC sold Gray Coach inThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal.TheThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal. \n\nAfter purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 196",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Never Too Loud",
"paragraph_text": ":31\n\"Let's Get Undressed\" – 3:07\n\"King of Magazines\" – 3:18\n\"Forest for the Trees\" (featuring John Garcia (Kyuss, Hermano) and Pete Stahl (Scream, Wool, Goatsnake) – 6:06\n\"Your Tears, My Smile\" – 3:31\n\"Something Better\" – 3:04\n\"Ravenous\" – 3:11\n\"Never Too Loud\" – 3:02\n\"You Ruin the Day\" (digipak bonus track) – 3:24\n\"Sugar High\" (digipak bonus track) – 3:37\n\"RIP RFTC\" (iTunes bonus track) – 2:24\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nRecorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, California\nProduced by Nick Raskulinecz\nMastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound\nArt direction by Morgan Alfredsson\nAll songs written and performed by Danko Jones\nPublishing by Danko Jones,Never Too Loud is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Danko Jones. It was recorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, with the Grammy Award winning record producer Nick Raskulinecz.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Danko Jones",
"paragraph_text": "Danko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC' Calabrese (bass guitar) and Rich Knox (drums). The band's rock music includes elements of punk and they are known for their humorous lyrics and energetic live shows.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the city that birthed the band behind the album Never Too Loud, from what location do the Greyhound buses depart? | [
{
"id": 337705,
"question": "Never Too Loud >> performer",
"answer": "Danko Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 132457,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Toronto Coach Terminal | [] | true | Where do Greyhound buses leave from in the city where the band that recorded the album Never Too Loud formed? |
2hop__135651_669373 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mach bands",
"paragraph_text": " is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found onMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.MMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.== Explanation ==\nThe Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found onMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.\n\n\n== Explanation ==\nThe Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on other (non-visual) senses, as pointed out by von Békésy. The visual pattern is often found on curved surfaces subject to a particular, naturally-occurring illumination, so the occurrence of filtering can be explained as the result of learnt image statistics. The effect of filtering can be modeled as a convolution between a trapezoidal function that describes the illumination and one or more bandpass filters. A tight approximation is obtained by a model employing 9 even-symmetric filters scaled at octave intervals.\nThe effect is independent of the orientation of the boundary.\n\n\n== In radiology ==\n\nThis visual phenomenon is important to keep in mind when evaluating dental radiographs for evidence of decay, in which grayscale images of teeth and bone are analyzed for abnormal variances of density. A false-positive radiological diagnosis of dental caries can easily arise if the practitioner does not take into account the likelihood of this illusion. Mach bands manifest adjacent to metal restorations or appliances and the boundary between enamel and dentin. Mach bands may also result in the misdiagnosis of horizontal root fractures because of the differing radiographic intensities of tooth and bone.\nMach effect can also lead to an erroneous diagnosis of pneumothorax by creating a dark line at the lung periphery (whereas a true pneumothorax will have a white pleural line).\n\n\n== In computer graphics ==\n\nMach bands can also appear when there is a discontinuity in the derivative of a gradient, a visual effect common when intensities are linearly interpolated such as in Gouraud shading.\nComputer image processing systems use edge-detection in a way analogous to the brain, using unsharp masking to clarify edges in photos for example.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAcutance\nCornsweet illusion\nHermann grid illusion\nLateral inhibition\nOptical illusions\nWatercolour illusion\nGibbs phenomenon\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nLotto RB, Williams SM, Purves D (1999). \"Mach bands as empirically derived associations\". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (9): 5245–50. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5245L. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5245. PMC 21849. PMID 10220451.\nEagleman, DM (2001) \"Visual Illusions and Neurobiology.\" Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2(12): 920–6.\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nDemonstration of the Mach band was at NIST until July 2016\nMach Band figure and explanatory hypothesis, Laboratory of Dale PurvesMach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach. It exaggerates the contrast between edges of the slightly differing shades of gray, as soon as they contact one another, by triggering edge-detection in the human visual system.\n\n\n== Explanation ==\nThe Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. Mach reported the effect in 1865, conjecturing that filtering is performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons. This conjecture is supported by observations on",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Vinko Dvořák",
"paragraph_text": " Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.\nHe was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.\nProfessor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.\nHe became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.\nDvořák retired in 1911.\n\n\n== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.\nHe studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.\nDvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.\nHe was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.\nProfessor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.\nHe became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.\nDvořák retired in 1911.\n\n\n== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.\nHe studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.\nDvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.\nHe was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.\nProfessor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.\nHe became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.\nDvořák retired in 1911.\n\n\n== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.\nHe studied mathematicsHe studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.\nDvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.\nHe was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.\nProfessor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.\nHe became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.\nDvořák retired in 1911.\n\n\n== References ==Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the employer university of the individual after whom the Mach bands are named? | [
{
"id": 135651,
"question": "Whom is Mach bands named after?",
"answer": "Ernst Mach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 669373,
"question": "#1 >> employer",
"answer": "Charles University",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Charles University | [] | true | Which university employed the person that Mach bands are named after? |
2hop__402530_774333 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lancaster Crossing",
"paragraph_text": " established the San Antonio-El Paso Road in 1849 used the ford and established a ferry a mile upstream of the ford at Pecos Crossing, at a site that was used off and on for decades. This first ferry was described by Robert A. Eccleston, a civilian forty-niner travelling with that expedition on his way to California:\n\nWhen I first came up I supposed the Army encampment to be on this side (east) of the river, when I was surprised by finding the River Pecos ... running close to our wagon. Were it not for the road that is cut through the bank and the tall grass that is flattened, you would be unable to discover that a river flowed here until within one or two feet of it. Not a solitary tree or clump of brush marks its course. The river is about 70 feet wide where the ferry boat crossed it. It is uniformly wide, generally, & the water of the color of prepared cacoa without milk. Its depth here is about 10 ft.; the banks are perpendicular. The water is not as unpalatable as was reported. It tastes a little saltish, but when cleared by the aid of a prickly pear, ..., it is quite drinkable. The horses & cattle seem very fond of it.\nEccleston says they crossed their wagons, draught animals and horses on the ferry with the river running 6 miles an hour, and sent their herd of cattle to swim across the river a mile down at the ford. He also mentions that some cattle swimming across the river at the ferry had to be hauled by ropes up the steep banks on the other side if they missed landing at the cut in the bank on the other side.\nToday the ford lies just south of the Texas State Highway 290 bridge, which crosses the Pecos River southeast of Sheffield.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nSheffield Pecos River BridgeLancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.\n\n\n== History ==\nLancaster Crossing formed where an arroyo on the west side of the river washed out rock and gravel from a canyon in the mountains, creating low banks and a wide shallow river bottom. It was first used by the Native Americans of West Texas who crossed the Pecos on their way to and from raids on Mexico, discarding items taken from their captives at the site, giving it its early name of \"Indian Ford.\"\nThe U. S. Army survey expedition of Lieutenant Colonel Joseph E. Johnston that established the San Antonio-El Paso Road in 1849 used the ford and established a ferry a mile upstream of the ford at Pecos Crossing, at a site that was used off and on for decades. This first ferry was described by Robert A. Eccleston, a civilian forty-niner travelling with that expedition on his way to California:\n\nWhen I first came up I supposed the Army encampment to be on this side (east) of the river, when I was surprised by finding the River Pecos ... running close to our wagon. Were it not for the road that is cut through the bank andLancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.LLancaster Crossing, also known as Indian Ford, Pecos Crossing, Solomon's Ford, Crossing of the Pecos, Crossing Rio Pecos, Ferry of the Pecos, and Ford Canyon Crossing, is an historic ford and ferry on the Pecos River, between Crockett County and Pecos County just southeast of Sheffield, Texas. Named after nearby Fort Lancaster, it is one of the few natural fords on the Pecos River, otherwise known for its steep banks that made crossing difficult.== History ==\nLancaster Crossing formed where an arroyo on the west side of the river washed out rock and gravel from a canyon in the mountains, creating low banks and a wide shallow river bottom. It was first used by the Native Americans of West Texas who crossed the Pecos on their way to and from raids on Mexico, discarding items taken from their captives at the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Imperial, Texas",
"paragraph_text": "). It is situated at the intersection of Farm Roads 11 and 1053, four miles south of the Pecos River and approximately 30 miles northeast of Fort Stockton in northern Pecos County.\nAccordingImperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.ImImperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.== Geography ==\nImperial is located at 31°16′19″N 102°41′45″W (31.271968, -102.695799). It is situated at the intersection of Farm Roads 11 and 1053, four miles south of the Pecos River and approximately 30 miles northeast of Fort Stockton in northern Pecos County.\nAccordingImperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census.Imperial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pecos County, Texas, United States. The population was 294 at the 2020 census.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nImperial is located at 31°16′19″N 102°41′45″W (31.271968, -102.695799). It is situated at the intersection of Farm Roads 11 and 1053, four miles south of the Pecos River and approximately 30 miles northeast of Fort Stockton in northern Pecos County.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), all land.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe community was settled in the early 1900s. The site was originally known as Redlands from 1908 to around 1910, when it was renamed after California's Imperial Valley. A post office and school were opened in 1910 and a townsite was laid out on land owned by Benjamin E. Bush one year later. Water from the Pecos River was diverted and a small dam was built west of the community. An irrigation canal was constructed through Imperial in an attempt to attract new residents, but the area's water had a high salt content, which made farming unproductive. The population was approximately 25 in the mid-1920s, but had increased tenfold by 1949. Imperial's population approached 1,000 by the late 1960s with twenty-six businesses operating in the community. The number of inhabitants continued to decline during the latter half of the twentieth century.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 428 people, 156 households, and 126 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 101.1 inhabitants per square mile (39.0/km2). There were 245 housing units at an average density of 57.9 per square mile (22.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.21% White, 0.23% African American, 0.93% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 14.02% from other races, and 4.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.92% of the population.\nThere were 156 households, out of which 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.6% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 18.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.09.\nIn the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.9 males.\nThe median income for a household in the CDP was $24,375, and the median income for a family was $28,333. Males had a median income of $35,938 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,464. About 18.5% of families and ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which neighboring county shares a boundary with the county that is home to Imperial? | [
{
"id": 402530,
"question": "Imperial >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pecos County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 774333,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Crockett County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Crockett County | [] | true | What other county does the county where Imperial is located share a border with? |
3hop2__782397_467331_162182 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Zone 5 Military Museum, Danang",
"paragraph_text": " equipment; a military museum; a reproduction of Ho Chi Minh's house in Hanoi; and a Ho Chi Minh Museum.\n\n\n=== Outdoor display ===\nItems on display:\n\n100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3) produced in Soviet Union\nCessna A-37 Dragonfly 10793 light aircraft captured at Da Nang Air Base on March 29, 1975 and later used in the Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base\nBLU-82 \"Daisy Cutter\" bomb recovered from An Lão District in 2006\nSoviet-built Bulldozers (2)\nCessna O-1 Bird Dog 042 captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the early stages of the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nM8 Greyhound armoured car captured from Groupe Mobile 100 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass\nM-46 130mm towed field gun\nM41 tank used by the ARVN 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment and captured at Tân Cảnh during the Battle of Kontum in May 1972\nM48A3 Patton tank used by the ARVN 1st Cavalry Brigade and captured at Da Nang on March 29, 1975\nM101 howitzer (2) captured in Bình Định Province in 1972\nM102 howitzer captured in April 1975\nM107 self-propelled gun captured at Da Nang in March 1975\nM113 armored personnel carrier captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nM114 155 mm howitzer captured in 1954 in the Battle of Mang Yang Pass\nM1938 122mm howitzer used by People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) Brigade 52 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974\nM1939 37mm anti-aircraft gun used by PAVN Regiment 573 it apparently shot down an A-37 in Tiên Phước District on 17 March 1975\nM1943 160mm mortar used by PAVN Regiment 576 to attack the ARVN base in Minh Long District in 1974\nM578 Light Recovery Vehicle captured in 1975\nMiG-21 5114 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Nguyen Van Nghia to shoot down a US McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II over Bac Thai in 1972\nMiG-21 5127 of the VPAF 931st Regiment used by Le Khuong\nP-15 Termit antiship missile\nQF 3.7-inch mountain howitzer captured from the French in Bình Thuận Province in 1953\nSA-2 Guideline SAM, used by Regiment 275, Air Defence Division 375\nT34/85 tank used in Operation Lam Son 719\nToyota pickup mounting a recoilless rifle captured in the Cambodian-Vietnamese War\nBell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter 69-15130 captured in 1975 and subsequently used in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War\nZIL-157 general purpose truck\n\n\n=== Military Museum ===\nDisplays include:\n\nMemorials to Ho Chi Minh and Võ Nguyên Giáp\nMemorials to theThe Zone 5 Military Museum (Bao Tang Khu 5) is a military museum located at 3 Duy Tân, Da Nang, Vietnam. It covers all Vietnamese resistance to foreign occupation from the Chinese occupation, the First Indochina War with the French, the Vietnam War and the current standoff with China over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands..\nThe Museum's opening hours are from 07:30 to 10:30 and from 13:30 to 16:30 daily except Monday. Admission is free for Vietnamese and VND 60,000 for non-Vietnamese",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centersSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Phú Lương (mountain)",
"paragraph_text": "aggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). PhuPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhuPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam.Phu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which area of the country, which includes Phu Luong, can one find the city that houses the Zone 5 Military Museum? | [
{
"id": 782397,
"question": "Phu Luong >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 467331,
"question": "Zone 5 Military Museum >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | In what region of the country that contains Phu Luong, is the city that has the Zone 5 Military Museum located? |
4hop3__129456_29339_508306_70744 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2004 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": " strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negativeIn March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry",
"paragraph_text": " campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC);College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10 which consists of more than a dozen athletic, head-to-head matchups each school year. South Carolina leads the all-sport series 5–1, after Clemson won the 2023–24 series. Both institutions are public universities supported by the state, and their campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC); Clemson is in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).\nThe annual football game is considered the most important sporting event in the state. It was played first in 1896 and every year from 1909 to 2019, one of the longest uninterrupted rivalries in college football history. Until 1959, the game was played during the State Fair in Columbia, on \"Big Thursday\", a state holiday. Since 1960, the two schools have alternated hosting on Saturdays. In 2014, the annual football game was officially dubbed the Palmetto Bowl. As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the 202",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "North Point Mall",
"paragraph_text": " numerous distinctive historical elements and a more elaborate design to pay tribute to its lost flagship store in downtown Atlanta, which had closed only two years earlier. Though it became a Macy's in 2005, the outside of the store retains the elaborate sculptings of the original store.\nDillard's filled the sixth pad on the southwest side of the mall as their first Atlanta location (this was likewise done at Pembroke Lakes a year before) along with a parking deck in 1996. As Mervyn's left the following year, their space was filled by Parisian, which had 4 other area stores and made the mall more upscale. With the exception of Lord & Taylor, the mall had the same anchor lineup as The Mall at Stonecrest, which opened in 2001.\nThe mall was renovated in 2003, when the interior was modernized to introduce more sitting areas, and again in 2004, when an escalator was moved from the East Court near Starbucks to the Sears wing of the mall. In 2019, many of the mall's interior atriums were modernized with new sitting areas and flooring. This also included the additionNorth Point Mall is a shopping mall, located in Alpharetta, Georgia (an affluent suburb of Atlanta). The mall opened on October 20, 1993 as one of the largest shopping malls in the country. The mall was the second final property built by Homart Development Company. As of 2018, North Point Mall is one of Atlanta's most popular malls.North Point Mall is a shopping mall, located in Alpharetta, Georgia (an affluent suburb of Atlanta). The mall opened on October 20, 1993 as one of the largest shopping malls in the country. The mall was the second final property built by Homart Development Company. As of 2018, North Point Mall is one of Atlanta's most popular malls.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)",
"paragraph_text": "Fort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory. 7th Vice President of the United States.\nClemson University was established on the Fort Hill plantation site in 1889, and in accordance with the terms of its inheritance, has maintained the house and its immediate parcel as a museum and library — all that remains of what originally was an approximately 1,000 acre plantation estate.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe house was originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which of these two institutions has more national titles - the state university situated in a state without North Point Mall and where Edwards emerged victorious in the primary, or the university located in the town of Fort Hill? | [
{
"id": 129456,
"question": "In which state is North Point Mall located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 29339,
"question": "Besides #1 , what other state primary did Edwards win?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 508306,
"question": "Fort Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Clemson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 70744,
"question": "who has more national championships #3 or #2",
"answer": "University of South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | University of South Carolina | [
"SC"
] | true | Between the state university in the state without North Point Mall and where Edwards won the primary and the university in Fort Hill's town which has the more national championships? |
3hop1__516535_834494_34088 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": ", Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplainTracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Allen, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.\nAllen's population was 180 in 1890.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of ghost towns in Arizona\n\n\n== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and QuijotoAllen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since. town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.\nAllen's population was 180 in 1890.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of ghost towns in Arizona\n\n\n== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead\nKing Canyon Trailhead\nRichard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead\nRichard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead\nSarasota Trailhead\nSweetwater Preserve Trailhead\nVentana Canyon Trailhead\n\n\n== Community Centers ==\nThe NRPR has 13 community centers:\n\nAjo Community Center\nArivaca Community Center\nCatalina Community Center\nCentro Del Sur Community Center and Boxing Gym\nContinental Community Center\nDrexel Heights Community Center\nEllie Towne Flowing Wells Community Center\nJohn A. ValenzPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which city, located in the same county as Allen, do NASCAR races take place? | [
{
"id": 516535,
"question": "Allen >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 34088,
"question": "Where does #2 hold NASCAR races?",
"answer": "Tucson Raceway Park",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Tucson Raceway Park | [
"Tucson, Arizona",
"Tucson"
] | true | Where are NASCAR races held in the city in the same county as Allen? |
2hop__115515_779396 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "James Watt",
"paragraph_text": "Watt realised that the heat needed to warm the cylinder could be saved by adding a separate condensing cylinder. After the power cylinder wasWhile working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.The Watt steam engine design was an invention of James Watt that became synonymous with steam engines during the Industrial Revolution, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design.\nThe first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the \"atmospheric\" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object being moved by the engine pulled the piston to the top of the cylinder as steam was introduced. Then the cylinder was cooled by a spray of water, which caused the steam to condense, forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder. Atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston pushed it down, lifting the work object. James Watt noticed that it required significant amounts of heat to warm the cylinder back up to the point where steam could enter the cylinder without immediately condensing. When the cylinder was warm enough that it became filled with steam the next power stroke could commence.\nWatt realised that the heat needed to warm the cylinder could be saved by adding a separate condensing cylinder. After the power cylinder was filled with steam, a valve was opened to the secondary cylinder, allowing the steam to flow into it and be condensed, which drew the steam from the main cylinder causing the power stroke. The condensing cylinder was water cooled to keep the steam condensing. At the end of the power stroke, the valve was closed so the power cylinder could be filled with steam as the piston moved to the top. The result was the same cycle as Newcomen's design, but without any cooling of the power cylinder which was immediately ready for another stroke.\nWatt worked on the design over a period of several years, introducing the condenser, and introducing improvements to practically every part of the design. Notably, Watt performed a lengthy series of trials on ways to seal the piston in the cylinder, which considerably reduced leakage during the power stroke, preventing power loss. All of these changes produced a more reliable design which used half as much coal to produce the same amount of power.\nThe new design was introduced commercially in 1776, with the first example sold to the Carron Company ironworks. Watt continued working to improve the engine, and in 1781 introduced a system using a sun and planet gear to turn the linear motion of the engines into rotary motion. This made it useful not only in the original pumping role, but also as a direct replacement in roles where a water wheel would have been used previously. This was a key moment in the industrial revolution, since power sources could now be located anywhere instead of, as previously, needing a suitable water source and topography. Watt's partner Matthew Boulton began developing a multitude of machines that made use of this rotary power, developing the first modern industrialized factory, the Soho Foundry, which in turn produced new steam engine designs. Watt's early engines were like the original Newcomen designs in that they used low-pressure steam,While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water. introduced. Then the cylinder was cooled by a spray of water, which caused the steam to condense, forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder. Atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston pushed it down, lifting the work object. James Watt noticed that it required significant amounts of heat to warm the cylinder back up to the point where steam could enter the cylinder without immediately condensing. When the cylinder was warm enough that it became filled with steam the next power stroke could commence.\nWatt realised that the heat needed to warm the cylinder could be saved by adding a separate condensing cylinder. After the power cylinder wasWhile working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.The Watt steam engine design was an invention of James Watt that became synonymous with steam engines during the Industrial Revolution, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design.\nThe first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the \"atmospheric\" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object being moved by the engine pulled the piston to the top of the cylinder as steam was introduced. Then the cylinder was cooled by a spray of water, which caused the steam to condense, forming a partial vacuum in the cylinder. Atmospheric pressure on the top of the piston pushed it down, lifting the work object. James Watt noticed that it required significant amounts of heat to warm the cylinder back up to the point where steam could enter the cylinder without immediately condensing. When the cylinder was warm enough that it became filled with steam the next power stroke could commence.\nWatt realised that the heat needed to warm the cylinder could be saved by adding a separate condensing cylinder. After the power cylinder was filled with steam, a valve was opened to the secondary cylinder, allowing the steam to flow into it and be condensed, which drew the steam from the main cylinder causing the power stroke. The condensing cylinder was water cooled to keep the steam condensing. At the end of the power stroke, the valve was closed so the power cylinder could be filled with steam as the piston moved to the top. The result was the same cycle as Newcomen's design, but without any cooling of the power cylinder which was immediately ready for another stroke.\nWatt worked on the design over a period of several years, introducing the condenser, and introducing improvements to practically every part of the design. Notably, Watt performed a lengthy series of trials on ways to seal the piston in the cylinder, which considerably reduced leakage during the power stroke, preventing power loss. All of these changes produced a more reliable design which used half as much coal to produce the same amount of power.\nThe new design was introduced commercially in 1776, with the first example sold to the Carron Company ironworks. Watt continued working to improve the engine, and in 1781 introduced a system using a sun and planet gear to turn the linear motion of the engines into rotary motion. This made it useful not only in the original pumping role, but also as a direct replacement in roles where a water wheel would have been used previously. This was a key moment",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lap Engine",
"paragraph_text": " produce rotary motion.\nThe engines name comes from its use in Matthew Boulton's Soho Manufactory, where it was used to drive a line of 43 polishing or lapping machines, used for the production of buttons and buckles.\n\n\n== Innovations ==\n\nWatt did not invent the steam engine and there is no single 'Watt steam engine' as such. He developed a number of separate innovations, each of which improved the existing engines of the day, beginning with Newcomen's. The Lap Engine of 1788, also the Whitbread Engine (1785), represent survivors of the first engines to show all of Watt's major improvements in one.\n\n\n=== Parallel motion ===\n\n\n=== Rotative beam engines ===\n\n\n=== Sun and planet gear ===\n\nThe rotative beam engine needs a means to convert reciprocating motion of the piston and beam to rotary motion. The crankshaft was well known for centuries before Watt, mostly from its use in mining machinery powered by water wheels. However its use for a steam engine was covered by James Pickard's patent at this time. Watt was unwilling to pay a license fee to use the crank and so sought an alternative. The sun and planet gear was invented by another Scottish engineer, William Murdoch, an employee of Boulton and Watt. Watt patented it in October 1781.\nThe sun and planet gear is a simple epicyclic gear. The planet is attached rigidly to the end of the connecting rod, hung from the beam. As it rotates it applies a torque to the sun gear, just as for a crank, and so causes it to rotate. As the two gears also rotate relative to each other, like conventional gearwheels, this has the effect of giving the sun gear a further rotation. The sun, and the output crankshaft, thus rotates twice for every piston cycle of the engine, twice as fast as with a conventional crank. Beam engines were slow-moving and the output shafts driven by the Lap Engine were fast-moving, so this was an advantage.\n\n\n=== Centrifugal governor ===\n\nAccording to the Science Museum, it was the first steam engine to be fitted with a centrifugal governor.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n== Preservation ==\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\n\"Watt's Lap Engine\". Model Engineer. Vol. 146, no. 3626. 1 February 1980.The Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.\nIt is important as both an early example of a beam engine by Boulton and Watt, and also mainly as illustrating an important innovative step in their development for its ability to produce rotary motion.\nThe engines name comes from its use in Matthew Boulton's Soho Manufactory, where it was used to drive a line of 43 polishing or lapping machines, used for the production of buttons and buckles.\n\n\n== Innovations ==\n\nWatt did not invent the steam engine and there is no single 'Watt steam engine' as such. He developed a number of separate innovations, each of which improved the existing engines of the day, beginning with Newcomen's. The Lap Engine of 1788, also the Whitbread Engine (1785), represent survivors of theThe Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.ItThe Lap Engine is a beam engine designed by James Watt, built by Boulton and Watt in 1788. It is now preserved at the Science Museum, London.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where did the inventor of the Lap Engine receive their education? | [
{
"id": 115515,
"question": "Who developed Lap Engine?",
"answer": "James Watt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 779396,
"question": "#1 >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Glasgow",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | University of Glasgow | [] | true | Where was the creator of the Lap Engine educated? |
2hop__161915_78851 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sports in the New York metropolitan area",
"paragraph_text": " to have two baseball teams (Chicago, Los Angeles and San Francisco being the others). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and the New York Mets. The city also was once homeAt Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey NetsAt Madison Square Garden, New Yorkers can watch the New York Knicks play NBA basketball, while the New York Liberty play in the WNBA. The Barclays Center in Brooklyn is home to the Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball team. The Nets began playing in Brooklyn in 2012, the first major professional sports team to play in the historic borough in half a century. Before the merger of the defunct American Basketball Association with the NBA during the 1976 -- 1977 season, the New York Nets, who shared the same home stadium (Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) on Long Island with the NHL's New York Islanders, were a two - time champion in the ABA and starred the famous Hall of Fame forward Julius Erving. During the first season of the merger (1976 -- 77), the Nets continued to play on Long Island, although Erving's contract had by then been sold to the Philadelphia 76ers. The Nets transferred to New Jersey then next season and became known as the New Jersey Nets, and later moved to Brooklyn prior to the 2012 -- 2013 NBA season.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Eric Clapton",
"paragraph_text": "On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August.On 22 January 2005, Clapton performed in the Tsunami Relief Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In May 2005, Clapton, Jack Bruce, and Ginger Baker reunited as Cream for a series of concerts at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Concert recordings were released on CD and DVD. Later, Cream performed in New York at Madison Square Garden. Clapton's first album of new original material in nearly five years, Back Home, was released on Reprise Records on 30 August.Eric Patrick Clapton (born 30 March 1945) is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is regarded as one of the most successful and influential guitarists in rock music. He ranked second in Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and fourth in Gibson's \"Top 50 Guitarists of All Time\". In 2023, Rolling Stone named Clapton the 35th best guitarist of all time. He was also named number five in Time magazine's list of \"The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players\" in 2009.\nAfter playing in a number of different local bands, Clapton joined the Yardbirds from 1963 to 1965, and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers from 1965 to 1966. After leaving Mayall, he formed the power trio Cream with drummer Ginger Baker and bassist/vocalist Jack Bruce, in which Clapton played sustained blues improvisations and \"arty, blues-based psychedelic pop\". After four successful albums, Cream broke up in November 1968. Clapton then formed the blues rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood, and Ric Grech, recording one album and performing on one tour before they broke up. Clapton then toured with Delaney & Bonnie and recorded his first solo album in 1970, before forming Derek and the Dominos with Bobby Whitlock, Carl Radle and Jim Gordon. Like Blind Faith, the band only lasted one album, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, which includes \"Layla\", one of Clapton's signature songs.\nClapton continued to record a number of successful solo albums and songs over the next several decades, including a 1974 cover of Bob Marley's \"I Shot the Sheriff\" (which helped reggae reach a mass market), the country-infused Slowhand album (1977) and the pop rock of 1986's August. Following the death of his son Conor in 1991, Clapton's grief was expressed in the song \"Tears in Heaven\", which appeared on his Unplugged album. In 1996 he had another top-40 hit with the R&B crossover \"Change the World\". In 1998, he released the Grammy award-winning \"My Father's Eyes\". Since 1999, he has recorded a number of traditional blues and blues rock albums and hosted the periodic Crossroads Guitar Festival. His most recent studio album is Happy Xmas (2018).\nClapton has received 18 Grammy Awards as well as the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. In 2004, he was awarded a CBE for services to music. He has received four Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, including the Lifetime Achievement Award. He is the only three-time inductee to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: once as a solo artist, and separately as a member of the Yardbirds and of Cream. In his solo career, he has sold 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musicians of all time. In 1998, Clapton, a recovering alcoholic and drug addict, founded the Crossroads Centre on Antigua, a medical facility for those recovering from substance abuse.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nClapton was born on 30 March 1945 in Ripley, Surrey, England, to 16-year-old Patricia Molly Clapton (1929–1999) and Edward Walter Fryer (1920–1985), a 25-year-old soldier from Montreal, Quebec. Fryer was drafted to war before Clapton's birth and then returned to Canada. Clapton grew up believing that his grandmother, Rose, and her second husband, Jack Clapp, Patricia's stepfather, were his parents, and that his mother was actually his older sister. The similarity in surnames gave rise to the erroneous belief that Clapton's real surname is Clapp (Reginald Cecil Clapton was the name of Rose's first husband, Eric Clapton's maternal grandfather). Years later, his mother married another Canadian soldier and moved to Germany, leaving Eric with his grandparents in Surrey.\nClapton received an acoustic Hoyer guitar, made in Germany, for his thirteenth birthday, but the inexpensive steel-stringed instrument was difficult to play and he briefly lost interest. Two years later he picked it up again and started playing consistently. He was influenced by blues music from an early age, and practised long hours learning the chords of blues music by playing along to the records. He preserved his practice sessions using his portable Grundig reel-to-reel tape recorder, listening to them over and over until he was satisfied.\nIn 1961, after leaving Hollyfield School in Surbiton, he studied at the Kingston College of Art but was expelled at the end of the academic year because his focus had remained on music rather than art. His guitar playing was sufficiently advanced that, by the age of 16, he was getting noticed. Around this time, he began busking around Kingston, Richmond, and the West End.\nIn 1962, he started performing as a duo with fellow blues enthusiast Dave Brock in pubs around Surrey. When he was 17, he joined his first band, an early British R&B group, the Roosters, whose other guitarist was Tom McGuinness. He stayed with them from January until August 1963. In October of that year, he performed a seven-gig stint with Casey Jones & the Engineers.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== The Yardbirds and the Bluesbreakers ===\n\nIn October 1963, Clapton joined the Yardbirds, a rhythm and blues band, and stayed with them until March 1965. Synthesising influences from Chicago blues and leading blues guitarists such as Buddy Guy, Freddie King, and B.B. King, Clapton forged a distinctive style and rapidly became one of the most talked-about guitarists in the British music scene. The band initially played Chess/Checker/Vee-Jay blues numbers and began to attract a large cult following when they took over the Rolling Stones' residency at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, London. They toured England with American bluesman Sonny Boy Williamson II; a joint LP album, recorded in December 1963, was issued in 1965.\n\nYardbirds' rhythm guitarist, Chris Dreja, recalled that whenever Clapton broke a guitar string during a concert, he would stay on stage and replace it. The English audiences would wait out the delay by doing what is called a \"slow handclap\". Clapton's nickname of \"Slowhand\" came from Giorgio Gomelsky, a pun on the slow handclapping that ensued when Clapton stopped playing while he replaced a string. In December 1964, Clapton made his first appearance at the Royal Albert Hall in London, with the Yardbirds. Since then, Clapton has performed at the Hall over 200 times, and has stated that performing at the venue is like \"playing in my front room\".\nIn March 1965, Clapton and the Yardbirds had their first major hit, \"For Your Love\", written by songwriter Graham Gouldman, who also wrote hit songs for Herman's Hermits and the Hollies (and later achieved success of his own as a member of 10cc). In part because of its success, the Yardbirds elected to move toward a pop-orientated sound, much to the annoyance of Clapton, who was devoted to the blues and not commercial success. He left the Yardbirds on the day that \"For Your Love\" went public, a move that left the band without its lead guitarist and most accomplished member. Clapton suggested fellow guitarist Jimmy Page as his replacement, but Page declined out of loyalty to Clapton, putting Jeff Beck forward. Beck and Page played together in the Yardbirds for a while, but Beck, Page, and Clapton were never in the group together. They first appeared together in 1983",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which professional sports squad's home matches wouldn't take place at the venue that hosted the final performance of Cream? | [
{
"id": 161915,
"question": "Where was the last place Cream performed?",
"answer": "Madison Square Garden",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 78851,
"question": "which professional sports team would you not see play a home game in #1",
"answer": "Brooklyn Nets NBA",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Brooklyn Nets NBA | [
"Brooklyn"
] | true | which professional sports team would you not see play a home game in the arena where the last place Cream performed? |
2hop__62823_654855 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Eugene V. Debs",
"paragraph_text": "man Palace Car Company organized a wildcat strike over pay cuts in the summer of 1894, Debs signed many into the ARU. He led a boycott by the ARU against handling trains with Pullman cars in what became the nationwide Pullman Strike, affecting most lines west of Detroit and more than 250,000 workers in 27 states. Purportedly to keep the mail running, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike. As a leader of the ARU, Debs was convicted of federal charges for defying a court injunction against the strike and served six months in prison.\nIn prison, Debs read various works of socialist theory and emerged six months later as a committed adherent of the international socialist movement. Debs was a founding memberEugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.Eugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.\nEarly in his political career, Debs was a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana General Assembly in 1884. After working with several smaller unions, including the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, Debs led his union in a major ten-month strike against the CB&Q Railroad in 1888. Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union (ARU), one of the nation's first industrial unions. After workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company organized a wildcat strike over pay cuts in the summer of 1894, Debs signed many into the ARU. He led a boycott by the ARU against handling trains with Pullman cars in what became the nationwide Pullman Strike, affecting most lines west of Detroit and more than 250,000 workers in 27 states. Purportedly to keep the mail running, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike. As a leader of the ARU, Debs was convicted of federal charges for defying a court injunction against the strike and served six months in prison.\nIn prison, Debs read various works of socialist theory and emerged six months later as a committed adherent of the international socialist movement. Debs was a founding member of the Social Democracy of America (1897), the Social Democratic Party of America (1898) and the Socialist Party of America (1901). Debs ran as a Socialist candidate for President of the United States five times: 1900 (earning 0.6 percent of the popular vote), 1904 (3.0 percentEugene Victor Debs (November 5, 1855 – October 20, 1926) was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Through his presidential candidacies as well as his work with labor movements, Debs eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "1920 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": "Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs received 913,664 popular votes (3.4 percent), despite the fact that he was in prison at the time for advocating non-compliance with the draft during World War I. This was the largest number of popular votes ever received by a Socialist Party candidate in the United States, although not the largest percentage of the popular vote. Debs received double this percentage in the election of 1912. The 1920 election was Debs' fifth and last attempt to become president.The 1920 United States presidential election in California took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. California voters chose 13 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee, Governor James M. Cox of Ohio and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts.\nBy the beginning of 1920 skyrocketing inflation and President Woodrow Wilson's focus upon his proposed League of Nations at the expense of domestic policy had helped make the incumbent president very unpopular – besides which Wilson also had major health problems that had left First Lady Edith Wilson effectively running the nation.\nPolitical unrest observed in the Palmer Raids and the \"Red Scare\" further added to the unpopularity of the Democratic Party, since this global political turmoil produced considerable fear of alien revolutionaries invading the country. Demand in the West for exclusion of Asian immigrants became even stronger than it had been before. Another issue was the anti-Cox position taken by the Ku Klux Klan, at the time a dominant force in Southern Democratic politics, and Cox's inconsistent stance on newly passed Prohibition – he had been a \"wet\" before, but announced he would support Prohibition enforcement in August.\nThe West had been the chief presidential battleground ever since the \"System of 1896\" emerged following that election. For this reason, Cox chose to tour the entire nation and after touring the Pacific Northwest Cox went to California to defend his proposed League of Nations. Cox argued that the League could have stopped the Asian conflicts – like the Japanese seizure of Shandong – but his apparent defence of Chinese immigrants in the Bay Area was very unpopular and large numbers of hecklers attacked the Democratic candidate. Moreover, the only attention Cox received in the Western press was severe criticism.\nIn September, several opinion polls were conducted, all predicting that Harding would carry California, which had been extremely close in the two preceding elections, by over one hundred thousand votes. By the end of October, although no more opinion polls had been published, most observers were even more convinced that the Republicans would take complete control of all branches of government. On election day, Warren Harding carried California by a margin much larger than early polls predicted, winning with 66.20 percent of the vote to James Cox's 24.28 percent. Harding became the first of only two presidential nominees to sweep all of California's counties; the only other one was Franklin D. Roosevelt, the losing 1920 vice-presidential candidate, sixteen years later. Harding's 66.20 percent of the vote was the largest fraction for any presidential candidate in California until Roosevelt won with 66.95 percent in 1936, though his 41.92-percentage-point margin of victory is the largest for any candidate in the state.\nThis was the first time Colusa County, the one of only two counties in the Pacific States to support Democratic nominee Alton B. Parker in 1904, ever voted Republican. The other such county, Mariposa County, backed a Republican for the first time since 1872. Plumas County would never vote Republican again until Ronald Reagan in 1980, and Amador, El Dorado and Placer Counties would not vote Republican again until Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952.\n\n\n== Results ==\n\n\n=== Results by county ===\n\n\n==== Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican ====\nAmador\nButte\nCalaveras\nColusa\nContra Costa\nEl Dorado\nFresno\nGlenn\nImperial\nInyo\nKern\nKings\nLake\nLassen\nMadera\nMariposa\nMerced\nModoc\nMono\nMonterey\nNevada\nPlacer\nPlumas\nSacramento\nSan Benito\nSan Francisco\nSan Joaquin\nSan Luis Obispo\nSanta Barbara\nSanta Cruz\nShasta\nSierra\nSiskiyou\nSolano\nStanislaus\nSutter\nTehama\nTrinity\nTulare\nTuolumne\nYolo\nYuba\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The 1920 United States presidential election in California took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. California voters chose 13 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee, Governor James M. Cox of Ohio and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts.\nBy the beginning of 1920 skyrocketing inflation and President Woodrow Wilson's focus upon his proposed League of Nations at the expense of domestic policy had helped make the incumbent president very unpopular – besides which Wilson also had major health problems that had left First Lady Edith Wilson effectively running the nation.\nPolitical unrest observed in the Palmer Raids and the \"Red Scare\" further added to the unpopularity of the Democratic Party, since this global political turmoil produced considerable fear of alien revolutionaries invading the country. Demand in the West for exclusion of Asian immigrants became even stronger than it had been before. Another issue was the anti-Cox position taken by the Ku Klux Klan, at the time a dominant force in Southern Democratic politics, and Cox's inconsistent stance on newly passed Prohibition – he had been a \"wet\" before, but announced he would support Prohibition enforcement in August.\nThe West had been the chief presidential battleground ever since the \"System of 1896\" emerged following that election. For this reason, Cox chose to tour the entire nation and after touring the Pacific Northwest Cox went to California to defend his proposed League of Nations. Cox argued that the League could have stopped the Asian conflicts – like the Japanese seizure of Shandong – but his apparent defence of Chinese immigrants in the Bay Area was very unpopular and large numbers of hecklers attacked the Democratic candidate. Moreover, the only attention Cox received in the Western press was severe criticism.\nIn September, several opinion polls were conducted, all predicting that Harding would carry California, which had been extremely close in the two preceding elections, by over one hundred thousand votes. By the end of October, although no more",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | The candidate who received a million votes in the 1920 election while incarcerated belonged to which political faction? | [
{
"id": 62823,
"question": "who garnered a million votes during the 1920 election despite being in prison",
"answer": "Eugene V. Debs",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 654855,
"question": "#1 >> member of political party",
"answer": "Socialist Party of America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Socialist Party of America | [
"Democrat",
"Democratic Party"
] | true | What political party was the candidate who garnered a million votes during the 1920 election despite being in prison, a member of? |
2hop__850984_7292 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Off the Beaten Path",
"paragraph_text": "), soprano saxophone (4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13), vocals (9), acoustic piano (13)\nJim Cox – Hammond B3 organ (1, 2, 5, 8), Wurlitzer electric piano (2, 11)\nBrian Mann – accordion (1, 4-7)\nJamie Muhoberac – keyboards (2Off the Beaten Path is the third studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on August 20, 1996. Koz himself provides vocals on \"That's the Way I Feel About You.\"Off the Beaten Path is the third studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was released by Capitol Records on August 20, 1996. Koz himself provides vocals on \"That's the Way I Feel About You.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": "In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\" (a softer type of urban contemporary music), \"rhythmic AC\" (a softer type of rhythmic contemporary), and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which artist, in addition to Kenny G and the one known for Off the Beaten Path, was showcased on smooth jazz channels? | [
{
"id": 850984,
"question": "Off the Beaten Path >> performer",
"answer": "Dave Koz",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 7292,
"question": "Along with Kenny G and #1 , what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?",
"answer": "George Benson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | George Benson | [] | true | Along with Kenny G and the performer of Off the Beaten Path, what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations? |
3hop2__326964_811351_7713 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of the eye or knot of the noose (so that the head was jerked back as the rope tightened) contributed to breaking the neck.\nPrior to 1892, the drop was between four and ten feet (about one to three metres), depending on the weight of the body, and was calculated to deliver an energy of 1,260 foot-pounds force (1,710 J), which fractured the neck at either the 2nd and 3rd or 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. This force resulted in some decapitations, such as the infamous case of Black Jack Ketchum in New Mexico Territory in 1901, owing to a significant weight gain while in custody not having been factored into the drop calculations. Between 1892 and 1913, the length of the drop was shortened to avoid decapitation. After 1913, other factors were also taken into account, and the energy delivered was reduced to about 1,000 foot-pounds force (1,400 J).\n\nThe decapitation of Eva Dugan during a botched hanging in 1930 led the state of Arizona to switch to the gas chamber as its primary execution method, on the grounds that it was believed more humane. One of the more recent decapitations as a result of the long drop occurred when Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was hanged in Iraq in 2007. Accidental decapitation also occurred during the 1962 hanging of Arthur Lucas, one of the last two individuals to be put to death in Canada.\nNazis executed under British jurisdiction, including Josef Kramer, Fritz Klein, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, were hanged by Albert Pierrepoint using the variable-drop method devised by Marwood. The record speed for a British long-drop hanging was seven seconds from the executioner entering the cell to the drop. Speed was considered to be important in the British system as it reduced the condemned's mental distress.\nLong-drop hanging is still practiced as the method of execution in a few countries, including Japan and Singapore.\n\n\n== As suicide ==\n\nHanging is a common suicide method. The materials necessary for suicide by hanging are readily available to the average person, compared with firearms or poisons. Full suspension is not required, and for this reason, hanging is especially commonplace among suicidal prisoners (see suicide watch). A type of hanging comparable to full suspension hanging may be obtained by self-strangulation using a ligature around the neck and the partial weight of the body (partial suspension) to tighten the ligature. When a suicidal hanging involves partial suspension the deceased is found to have both feet touching the ground, e.g., they are kneeling, crouching or standing. Partial suspension or partial weight-bearing on the ligature is sometimes used, particularly in prisons, mental hospitals or other institutions, where full suspension support is difficult to devise, because high ligature points (e.g., hooks or pipes) have been removed.\nIn Canada, hanging is the most common method of suicide, and in the U.S., hanging is the second most common method, after self-inflicted gunshot wounds. In the United Kingdom, where firearms are less easily available, in 2001 hanging was the most common method among men and the second most commonplace among women (after poisoning).\nThose who survive a suicide-via-hanging attempt, whether due to breakage of the cord or ligature point, or being discovered and cut down, face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain damage), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture (which may cause paralysis), tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid artery injury.\n\n\n== As human sacrifice ==\nThere are some suggestions that the Vikings practiced hanging as human sacrifices to Odin, to honour Odin's own sacrifice of hanging himself from Yggdrasil. In Northern Europe, it is widely speculated that the Iron Age bog bodies, many who show signs of having been hanged were examples of human sacrifice to the gods.\n\n\n== Medical effects ==\n\nA hanging may induce one or more of the following medical conditions, some leading to death:\n\nClosure of carotid arteries causing cerebral hypoxia\nClosure of the jugular veins\nBreaking of the neck (cervical fracture) causing traumatic spinal cord injury or even unintended decapitation\nClosure of the airway\nThe cause of death in hanging depends on the conditions related to the event. When the body is released from a relatively high position, the major cause of death is severe trauma to the upper cervical spine. The injuries produced are highly variable. One study showed that only a small minority of a series of judicial hangings produced fractures to the cervical spine (6 out of 34 cases studied), with half of these fractures (3 out of 34) being the classic \"hangman's fracture\" (bilateral fractures of the pars interarticularis of the C2 vertebra). The location of the knot of the hanging rope is a major factor in determining the mechanics of cervical spine injury, with a submental knot (hangman's knot under the chin) being the only location capable of producing the sudden, straightforward hyperextension injury that causes the classic \"hangman's fracture\".\nAccording to Historical and biomechanical aspects of hangman's fracture, the phrase in the usual execution order, \"hanged by the neck until dead\", was necessary. By the late 19th century that methodical study enabled authorities to routinely employ hanging in ways that would predictably kill the victim quickly.\nThe side, or subaural knot, has been shown to produce other, more complex injuries, with one thoroughly studied case producing only ligamentous injuries to the cervical spine and bilateral vertebral artery disruptions, but no major vertebral fractures or crush injuries to the spinal cord. Death from a \"hangman's fracture\" occurs mainly when the applied force is severe enough to also cause a severe subluxation of the C2 and C3 vertebra that crushes the spinal cord and/or disrupts the vertebral arteries. Hangman's fractures from other hyperextension injuries (the most common being unrestrained motor vehicle accidents and falls or diving injuries where the face or chin suddenly strike an immovable object) are frequently survivable if the applied force does not cause a severe subluxation of C2 on C3.\n\nIn the absence of fracture and dislocation, occlusion of blood vessels becomes the major cause of death, rather than asphyxiation. Obstruction of venous drainage of the brain via occlusion of the internal jugular veins leads to cerebral oedema and then cerebral ischemia. The face will typically become engorged and cyanotic (turned blue through lack of oxygen).\nCompromise of the cerebral blood flow may occur by obstruction of the carotid arteries, even though their obstruction requires far more force than the obstruction of jugular veins, since they are seated deeper and they contain blood in much higher pressure compared to the jugular veins.\nWhen cerebral circulation is severely compromised by any mechanism, arterial or venous, death occurs over four or more minutes from cerebral hypoxiaArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": "Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands. in a number of international markets. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.\n\n\n== History ==\nYangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd., aka Asiastar, traces its origins to May 1949, when the Shanghai Military Control Commission assumed control of the former sapper squadron of the Kuomintang, renaming it the Automobile Maintenance Firm of Logistics Department of East China Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lijia Zhang",
"paragraph_text": "’s family in Nanjing, yet she dreamed to become a writer. At the age of 16, she was dragged out of school and began working in a military factory that produced inter-continental missiles. During the decade at the factory she taught herself English. In 2003, she was able to attend Goldsmiths, University of London, where she earned a master's degree in creative writing. \n\n\n== Career ==\nHer articles have been published in many newspapers and magazines, including South China Morning Post, The Japan Times, The Independent, TheLijia Zhang or Zhang Lijia (born in May 1, 1964 in Nanjing) is a writer, journalist and public speaker. She describes herself as a communicator between China and the world and has given talks at conferences about contemporary China and lectured at many top universities including Stanford and Harvard and the University of Sydney.Lijia Zhang or Zhang Lijia (born in May 1, 1964 in Nanjing) is a writer, journalist and public speaker. She describes herself as a communicator between China and the world and has given talks at conferences about contemporary China and lectured at many top universities including Stanford and Harvard and the University of Sydney.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For how long was Lijia Zhang's place of birth also the city where the Yaxing Coach headquarters were established as the capital? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 811351,
"question": "Lijia Zhang >> place of birth",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long had Lijia Zhang's birthplace been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location? |
4hop1__199881_378185_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and servedBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a",
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},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Miller Electric",
"paragraph_text": " machine was built from recycled scrap steel and coil windings in his basement.\nIn 1935, Miller Electric Mfg. Co. was incorporated. Al Mulder, Miller's sole engineer, invented the world's first high frequency-stabilized AC industrial welderMiller Electric is an arc welding and cutting equipment manufacturing company based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Miller Electric has grown from a one-man operation selling products in northeastern Wisconsin to what is today one of the world's largest manufacturers of arc welding and cutting equipment.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": "Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as anJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices .\n\n\n== Public office ==\nPetersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an \"Independent Democrat\" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements. \nHe was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D. J. Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P. P. Wing, a Republican. Even though he was re-elected running against a Democrat, he is listed in the 1880 Wisconsin Blue Book as a \"Greenback Democrat\": there were 71 Republicans, 27 Democrats, Petersen (listed separately as \"GreenJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).\n\n\n== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the county seat of the county that is adjacent to the one where Miller Electric has its headquarters? | [
{
"id": 199881,
"question": "Miller Electric >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 378185,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county in which Miller Electric is headquartered? |
2hop__43579_289940 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Chandler Jones",
"paragraph_text": " from 2008 to 2011. After not playing as a freshman in 2008, he appeared in 12 games as a sophomore. He totaled 52 combined tackles and 1.5 sacks. As a junior in 2010, he recorded 57 total tackles, four sacks, four passes defensed, and three forced fumbles. As a senior in 2011, Jones played in only seven games due to injury, butChandler James Jones (born February 27, 1990) is an American football outside linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). Jones was selected by the New England Patriots with the 21st overall pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Syracuse. He is the younger brother of current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones and of former National Football League (NFL) player Arthur Jones. life ==\nJones was born in Rochester, New York, to parents Arthur Jr. and Camille Jones. Jones attended Union-Endicott High School, where he played high school football. He was a 2007 SuperPrep All-Northeast and PrepStar All-East Region selection. Jones was ranked as the eighth-best prospect of the state of New York by Scout.com.\n\n\n== College career ==\nJones attended and played college football at Syracuse from 2008 to 2011. After not playing as a freshman in 2008, he appeared in 12 games as a sophomore. He totaled 52 combined tackles and 1.5 sacks. As a junior in 2010, he recorded 57 total tackles, four sacks, four passes defensed, and three forced fumbles. As a senior in 2011, Jones played in only seven games due to injury, but still was an All-Big East selection after recording 39 tackles and 4.5 sacks.\nOn December 30, 2011, Jones announced that he would enter the 2012 NFL draft.\nJones left the university one class short of graduating. He finally completed his degree at Syracuse University in 2020, graduating with a bachelor's in child and family studies.\n\n\n=== College statistics ===\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Pre-draft ===\n\nJones was considered one of the best defensive end prospects for the 2012 NFL draft.\n\n\n=== New England Patriots ===\n\n\n==== 2012 ====\nJones was selected by the New England Patriots in the first round with the 21st overall selection. He was the highest selected player from Syracuse since defensive end Dwight Freeney in 2002. On May 23, 2012, Jones signed a four-year contract with the Patriots.\nAs a rookie, Jones was immediately thrust into the starting right defensive end slot for the Patriots in 2012. In Week 1 against the Tennessee Titans, Jones strip-sacked quarterback Jake Locker, with fellow rookie teammate Dont'a Hightower recovering the ball and returning it for a touchdown. A week later Jones sacked Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kevin Kolb, forcing a fumble that was recovered by the Patriots.\nIn Week 6 against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones recorded two sacks on quarterback Russell Wilson and managed to provide some good pressure on the Seahawks offensive line, forcing one fumble in that game. Jones made his sixth career sack in Week 8 against the St. Louis Rams by dropping Sam Bradford to the turf in London, England. In 14 games (13 starts) of his rookie season in 2012, Jones produced 45 tackles, six sacks, five passes defended, and three forced fumbles. He was named to the PFWA All-Rookie Team.\n\n\n==== 2013 ====\nIn a game against the Baltimore Ravens, quarterback Tyrod Taylor fumbled the snap and Jones recovered it in the end zone for the first touchdown of his career. Jones started all 16 games in 2013 recording 42 tackles with 11.5 sacks, 1 forced fumble, and a fumble recovery returned for a touchdown.\n\n\n==== 2014 ====\nFor the season, Jones recorded 43 tackles and six sacks in 10 games. In Week 2, against the Minnesota Vikings, Jones recorded two sacks; he also blocked a field goal and returned it for a touchdown in the 30–7 victory. He earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his game against Minnesota. On February 1, 2015, he won his first Super Bowl ring when the Patriots defeated the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24 in Super Bowl XLIX. He had one sack and three tackles in the victory.\n\n\n==== 2015 ====\nOn April 30, 2015, the Patriots picked up the option on Jones' contract. Through the first eight games, Jones racked up 9.5 sacks, including two in an October 29 win over the Miami Dolphins on Thursday Night Football to help the Patriots move to 7–0. Jones finished the regular season with a team-leading 12.5 sacks, a new career high, as well as his first career interception. He was ranked 48th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.\nSix days before the Patriots took on the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Divisional Round, Jones was hospitalized after showing up at the Foxborough Public Safety Building in a disoriented but cooperative state. Later reports indicated that he had experienced a bad reaction to synthetic marijuana, a legal drug under Massachusetts law. Jones still played in the following Divisional Round playoff game against the Kansas City Chiefs and the AFC Championship against the Denver Broncos.\n\n\n=== Arizona Cardinals ===\nOn March 15, 2016, Jones was traded to the Arizona Cardinals in exchange for Jonathan Cooper and a second-round pick in the 2016 NFL draft.\n\n\n==== 2016 ====\nIn 2016, Jones started all 16 games for the Cardinals, recording 49 tackles, 11 sacks, three passes defensed and four forced fumbles. He was also ranked 85th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017.\n\n\n==== 2017 ====\n\nOn February 27, 2017, the Cardinals placed the non-exclusive franchise tag on Jones. On March 10, 2017, he signed a five-year, $82.5 million contract extension with the Cardinals. On December 19, 2017, he was named to his second Pro Bowl and earned first team All-Pro honors. Jones finished the season leading the league with 17.0 sacks, which set a new Cardinals' franchise record. He finished third in Defensive Player of the Year voting. He was ranked 28th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.\n\n\n==== 2018 ====\nIn 2018, Jones was moved to defensive end as new Cardinals head coach Steve Wilks implemented a 4–3 defense. In Week 5, Jones recorded a sack, pass breakup, three tackles for loss, a forced fumble and recovery in a 28–18 win over the San Francisco 49ers, earning him NFC Defensive Player of the Week. He finished the season with 49 tackles, 13 sacks, four passes defensed, and three forced fumbles. His 13 sacks led the team and were tied for seventh in the league.\n\n\n==== 2019 ====\nDuring Week 3 against the Carolina Panthers, Jones sacked Kyle Allen twice in the 38–20 loss. During a Week 7 27–21 road victory over the New York Giants, he sacked rookie Daniel JonesChandler James Jones (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "List of National Football League annual sacks leaders",
"paragraph_text": " 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacks from years prior do not count towards a player's career total. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants and T. J. Watt of the Pittsburgh Steelers hold the official record with 22.5, which Strahan set during the 2001 season, and Watt matched during the 2021 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the annual leader in sacks. Since 1982, there have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with two different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with four. Seven players have been the league leader in sacks twice, while T. J. Watt has led the league three times. \n\n\n== NFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\nNote that the sack totals from 1960 to 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacks from years prior do not count towards a player's career total. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants and T. J. Watt of the Pittsburgh Steelers hold the official record with 22.5, which Strahan set during the 2001 season, and Watt matched during the 2021 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the annual leader in sacks. Since 1982, there have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with two different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with four. Seven players have been the league leader in sacks twice, while T. J. Watt has led the league three times. \n\n\n== NFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\nNote that the sack totals from 1960 to 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacks from years prior do not count towards a player's career total. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants and T. J. Watt of the Pittsburgh Steelers hold the official record with 22.5, which Strahan set during the 2001 season, and Watt matched during the 2021 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the annual leader in sacks. Since 1982, there have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with two different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with four. Seven players have been the league leader in sacks twice, while T. J. Watt has led the league three times. \n\n\n== NFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\nNote that the sack totals from 1960 to 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacksYear Player Sacks Team 1982 Doug Martin * 11.5 Minnesota Vikings Mark Gastineau * 19.0 New York Jets 1984 Mark Gastineau * 22.0 New York Jets 1985 Richard Dent 17.0 Chicago Bears 1986 Lawrence Taylor 20.5 New York Giants Reggie White 21.0 Philadelphia Eagles Reggie White 18.0 Philadelphia Eagles Chris Doleman 21.0 Minnesota Vikings Derrick Thomas 20.0 Kansas City Chiefs 1991 Pat Swilling 17.0 New Orleans Saints Clyde Simmons 19.0 Philadelphia Eagles Neil Smith 15.0 Kansas City Chiefs Kevin Greene 14.0 Pittsburgh Steelers 1995 Bryce Paup 17.5 Buffalo Bills Kevin Greene 14.5 Carolina Panthers John Randle 15.5 Minnesota Vikings 1998 Michael Sinclair 16.5 Seattle Seahawks 1999 Kevin Carter 17.0 St. Louis Rams 2000 La'Roi Glover 17.0 New Orleans Saints Michael Strahan 22.5 New York Giants 2002 Jason Taylor 18.5 Miami Dolphins 2003 Michael Strahan 18.5 New York Giants Dwight Freeney 16.0 Indianapolis Colts 2005 Derrick Burgess 16.0 Oakland Raiders 2006 Shawne Merriman 17.0 San Diego Chargers 2007 Jared Allen 15.5 Kansas City Chiefs 2008 DeMarcus Ware 20.0 Dallas Cowboys 2009 Elvis Dumervil 17.0 Denver Broncos DeMarcus Ware 15.5 Dallas Cowboys 2011 Jared Allen 22.0 Minnesota Vikings 2012 J.J. Watt 20.5 Houston Texans 2013 Robert Mathis 19.5 Indianapolis Colts 2014 Justin Houston 22.0 Kansas City Chiefs 2015 J.J. Watt 17.5 Houston Texans 2016 Vic Beasley 15.5 Atlanta Falcons 2017 Chandler Jones 17.0 Arizona CardinalsYear Player Sacks Team 1982 Doug Martin * 11.5 Minnesota Vikings Mark Gastineau * 19.0 New York Jets 1984 Mark Gastineau * 22.0 New York Jets 1985 Richard Dent 17.0 Chicago Bears 1986 Lawrence Taylor 20.5 New York Giants Reggie White 21.0 Philadelphia Eagles Reggie White 18.0 Philadelphia Eagles Chris Doleman 21.0 Minnesota Vikings Derrick Thomas 20.0 Kansas City Chiefs 1991 Pat Swilling 17.0 New Orleans Saints Clyde Simmons 19.0 Philadelphia Eagles Neil Smith 15.0 Kansas City Chiefs Kevin Greene 14.0 Pittsburgh Steelers 1995 Bryce Paup 17.5 Buffalo Bills Kevin Greene 14.5 Carolina Panthers John Randle 15.5 Minnesota Vikings 1998 Michael Sinclair 16.5 Seattle Seahawks 1999 Kevin Carter 17.0 St. Louis Rams 2000 La'Roi Glover 17.0 New Orleans Saints Michael Strahan 22.5 New York Giants 2002 Jason Taylor 18.5 Miami Dolphins 2003 Michael Strahan 18.5 New York Giants Dwight Freeney 16.0 Indianapolis Colts 2005 Derrick Burgess 16.0 Oakland Raiders 2006 Shawne Merriman 17.0 San Diego Chargers 2007 Jared Allen 15.5 Kansas City Chiefs 2008 DeMarcus Ware 20.0 Dallas Cowboys 2009 Elvis Dumervil 17.0 Denver Broncos DeMarcus Ware 15.5 Dallas Cowboys 2011 Jared Allen 22.0 Minnesota Vikings 2012 J.J. Watt 20.5 Houston Texans 2013 Robert Mathis 19.5 Indianapolis Colts 2014 Justin Houston 22.0 Kansas City Chiefs 2015 J.J. Watt 17.5 Houston Texans 2016 Vic Beasley 15.5 Atlanta Falcons 2017 Chandler Jones 17.0 Arizona Cardinals",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | To which sports team does the individual with the highest number of sacks in this NFL season belong? | [
{
"id": 43579,
"question": "who had the most sacks in the nfl this season",
"answer": "Chandler Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 289940,
"question": "#1 >> member of sports team",
"answer": "New England Patriots",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | New England Patriots | [
"Patriots",
"St. Louis Cardinals",
"The New England Patriots",
"Arizona Cardinals"
] | true | What sports team is the person who had the most sacks in the NFL this season a member of? |
2hop__71871_494136 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Flesh and Bone (film)",
"paragraph_text": " their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay DaviesFlesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\" what happened to him. During the night, the boy wakes up and lets a stranger into the house. The man and the boy rob the house together. When the father surprises the burglar, they exchange gunfire. Drawn by the sound, the burglar kills the mother as well. He asks his son if there is anyone else in the house. The boy reluctantly nods, and his father goes upstairs to kill the family's young son, leaving only their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Dove Awards, the film won \"Inspirational Film of the Year\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTen-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day, Bart's mother drops him off at a Christian camp, where Bart meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds that his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings. Bart angrily confronts Arthur, who denies that his abusiveness was the reason she left.\nYears later, in high school, Bart and Shannon are dating. Bart plays football to please Arthur, but is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. The only elective with openings is music class, so he reluctantly signs up. Initially, Bart is assigned to be a sound technician, but after overhearing him singing, the director casts him in the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma!. Bart overcomes his reluctance and gives an impressive performance, but does not tell Arthur, who finds out the night of the show when he happens to see a flyer for the show in a diner. Arthur suddenly collapses in pain, and finds out he has cancer, which he hides from Bart. The following morning, Bart antagonizes Arthur, who smashes a plate over his head. At church, Shannon sees the blood and presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her, and leaves town to seek his fortune in the city.\nBart joins a band in need of a singer, and convinces Christian music producer Scott Brickell to manage the band and secure a showcase in Nashville. Bart surprises Shannon and invites her to tour with the band, and is confused when Shannon flatly refuses. In Nashville, Brickell introduces Bart to established artists Amy Grant and Michael W. Smith, but is unable to convinceI Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best - selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.man also star.\nI Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It was a box office success, grossing $86 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, earning more than twelve times its budget. It is the fifth highest-grossing music biopic and sixth highest-grossing Christian film of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers. At the 2018 Dove Awards, the film won \"Inspirational Film of the Year\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTen-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day, Bart's mother drops him off at a Christian camp, where Bart meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds that his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings. Bart angrily confronts Arthur, who denies that his abusiveness was the reason she left.\nYears later, in high school, Bart and Shannon are dating. Bart plays football to please Arthur, but is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. The only elective with openings is music class, so he reluctantly signs up. Initially, Bart is assigned to be a sound technician, but after overhearing him singing, the director casts him in the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma!. Bart overcomes his reluctance and gives an impressive performance, but does not tell Arthur, who finds out the night of the show when he happens to see a flyer for the show in a diner. Arthur suddenly collapses in pain, and finds out he has cancer, which he hides from Bart. The following morning, Bart antagonizes Arthur, who smashes a plate over his head. At church, Shannon sees the blood and presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her, and leaves town to seek his fortune in the city.\nBart joins a band in need of a singer, and convinces Christian music producer Scott Brickell to manage the band and secure a showcase in Nashville. Bart surprises Shannon and invites her to tour with the band, and is confused when Shannon flatly refuses. In Nashville, Brickell introduces Bart to established artists Amy Grant and Michael W. Smith, but is unable to convince record executives to sign the band, who do not believe the band, now performing as \"MercyMe\", is good enough. Devastated, Bart quits the band, but Brickell thinks that Bart needs to resolve issues in his personal life, so Bart reconciles with the band and asks them to wait for him, and leaves to return home.\nBart returns home late at night, and is confused to find that Arthur has prepared breakfast for him the next morning. Arthur claims to have become a Christian, but Bart is skeptical and refuses to forgive him, and leaves. In anger and despair, Arthur smashes his old Jeep, which he had asked Bart to help him restore. Bart attempts to drive away in Arthur's pickup, but discovers the terminal cancer diagnosis, and returns to Arthur. Bart forgives his father, and the two form a deep bond, but Arthur soon dies of his illness.\nAfter Arthur's funeral, Bart rejoins the band and writes \"I Can Only Imagine\", and also calls Shannon and apologizes to her for the first time since their breakup. Brickell sends the demo tape to several artists, including Grant, who, deeply moved by the song, asks to record it herself as her next single, and Bart, who just wants the song to be heard, accepts. On stage, Grant begins the song, but can't bring herself to sing it, and calls Bart on stage from the audience to sing it himself. Bart's performance earns an enthusiastic ovation, and he reunites with Shannon, who was also in attendance. The band releases the song as their first single, achieving",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the performer portraying Bart's dad in the film 'I Can Only Imagine'? | [
{
"id": 71871,
"question": "who played bart's father in i can only imagine",
"answer": "Dennis Quaid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 494136,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Meg Ryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Meg Ryan | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the actor playing Bart's father in I can only imagine? |
2hop__701525_342810 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Troy Independent School District",
"paragraph_text": "Located in Bell County, the district extends into a small portion of Falls County. In addition to Troy, the district also serves the unincorporated communities of Pendleton, Belfalls, and Oenaville.Located in Bell County, the district extends into a small portion of Falls County. In addition to Troy, the district also serves the unincorporated communities of Pendleton, Belfalls, and Oenaville.Troy Independent School District is a public school district based in Troy, Texas (USA).\nLocated in Bell County, the district extends into a small portion of Falls County. In addition to Troy, the district also serves the unincorporated communities of Pendleton, Belfalls, and Oenaville.\nIn 2009, the school district was rated \"academically acceptable\" by the Texas Education Agency.\n\n\n== Schools ==\nTroy High School (Grades 9-12)\nRaymond Mays Middle School (Grades 6-8)\nTroy Elementary School (Grades 2-5)\nMays Elementary School (Grades PK-1)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nTroy ISDTroy Independent School District is a public school district based in Troy, Texas (USA).\nLocated in Bell County, the district extends into a small portion of Falls County. In addition to Troy, the district also serves the unincorporated communities of Pendleton, Belfalls, and Oenaville.\nIn 2009, the school district was rated",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Cedar Springs, Texas",
"paragraph_text": "edar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporatedCedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm-to-market road #2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporatedCedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm-to-market road #2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporatedCedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm-to-market road #2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road 2027.Cedar Springs is an unincorporated community in west Falls County, Texas, United States. It is located on Farm to Market Road",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which county has a common boundary with Cedar Springs? | [
{
"id": 701525,
"question": "Cedar Springs >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Falls County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 342810,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Bell County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Bell County | [] | true | What county shares a border with Cedar Springs? |
2hop__37097_53663 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Nile",
"paragraph_text": " now employs the metre for official purposes, but legacy data from its 1927 geodetic datum has meant that a separate US survey mile (��6336/3937�� km) continues to see some use, although it was officially phased out in 2022. While most countries replaced the mile with the kilometre when switching to the International System of Units (SI), the international mile continues to be used in some countries, such as Liberia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and a number of countries with fewer than one million inhabitants, most of which are UK or US territories or have close historical ties with the UK or US.\n\n\n== Name ==\nThe modern English word mile derives from Middle English myle and Old English mīl, which was cognate with all other Germanic terms for miles. These derived from the nominal ellipsis form of mīlle passus 'mile' or mīlia passuum 'miles', the Roman mile of one thousand paces.\nThe present international mile is usually what is understood by the unqualified term mile. When this distance needs to be distinguished from the nautical mile, the international mile may also be described as a land mile or statute mile. In British English, statute mile may refer to the present international mile or to any other form of English mile since the 1593 Act of Parliament, which set it as a distance of 1,760 yards. Under American law, however, statute mile refers to the US survey mile. Foreign and historical units translated into English as miles usually employ a qualifier to describe the kind of mile being used but this may be omitted if it is obvious from the context, such as a discussion of the 2nd-century Antonine Itinerary describing its distances in terms of miles rather than Roman miles.\n\n\n=== Abbreviation ===\nThe mile has been variously abbreviated in English—with and without a trailing period—as \"mi\", \"M\", \"ml\", and \"m\". The American National Institute of Standards and Technology now uses and recommends \"mi\" to avoid confusion with the SI metre (m) and millilitre (ml). However, derived units such as miles per hour or miles per gallon continue to be abbreviated as \"mph\" and \"mpg\" rather than \"mi/h\" and \"mi/gal\". In the United Kingdom, road signs use \"m\" as the abbreviation for mile though height and width restrictions also use \"m\" as the symbol for the metre, which may be displayed alongside feet and inches. The BBC style holds that \"there is no acceptable abbreviation for 'miles'\" and so it should be spelled out when used in describing areas.\n\n\n== Historical ==\n\n\n=== Roman ===\nThe Roman mile (mille passus, lit. \"thousand paces\"; abbr. m.p.; also milia passuum and mille) consisted of a thousand paces as measured by every other step—as in the total distance of the left foot hitting the ground 1,000 times. When Roman legionaries were well-fed and harshly driven in good weather, they thus created longer miles. The distance was indirectly standardised by Agrippa's establishment of a standard Roman foot (Agrippa's own) in 29 BC, and the definition of a pace as 5 feet. An Imperial Roman mile thus denoted 5,000 Roman feet. Surveyors and specialised equipment such as the decempeda and dioptra then spread its use.\nIn modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile was empirically estimated to have been about 1,618 yards (1,479 m; 4,854 ft; 0.919 mi) in length, slightly less than the 1,760 yards (1,609 m; 5,280 ft) of the modern international mile.\nIn Hellenic areas of the Empire, the Roman mile (Greek: μίλιον, mílion) was used beside the native Greek units as equivalent to 8 stadia of 600 Greek feet. The mílion continued to be used as a Byzantine unit and was also used as the name of the zero mile marker for the Byzantine Empire, the Milion, located at the head of the Mese near Hagia Sophia.\nThe Roman mile spread throughout Europe, with its local variations giving rise to the different units. Also arising from the Roman mile is the milestone. All roads radiated out from the Roman Forum throughout the Empire – 50,000 (Roman) miles of stone-paved roads. At every mile was placed a shaped stone. Originally, these were obelisks made from granite, marble, or whatever local stone was available. On these was carved a Roman numeral, indicating the number of miles from the centre of Rome – the Forum. Hence, one can know how far one is from Rome.\n\n\n=== Italian ===\nThe Italian mile (miglio, pl. miglia) was traditionally considered a direct continuation of the Roman mile, equal to 1000 paces, although its actual value over time or between regions could vary greatly. It was often used in international contexts from the Middle Ages into the 17th century and is thus also known as the \"geographical mile\", although the geographical mile is now a separate standard unit.\n\n\n=== Arabic ===\n\nThe Arabic mile (الميل, al-mīl) was not the common Arabic unit of length; instead, Arabs and Persians traditionally used the longer parasang or \"Arabic league\". The Arabic mile was, however, used by medieval geographers and scientists and constituted a kind of precursor to the nautical or geographical mile. It extended the Roman mile to fit an astronomical approximation of 1 arcminute of latitude measured directly north-and-south along a meridian. Although the precise value of the approximation remains disputed, it was somewhere between 1.8 and 2.0 km.\n\n\n=== English ===\n\nThe \"old English mile\" of the medieval and early modern periodsThe Nile (Arabic: النيل ) is a major north - flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an ``international ''river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.ly The Nile (Arabic: النيل ) is a major north - flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an ``international ''river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": "With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.aba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. AtCairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.Egypt (Arabic: مصر Mi���r [mes��r], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s��r]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa.\nEgypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867.\nThe country was then occupied by the British Empire and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961 Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. Egypt fought several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupied the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, which recognised Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from the occupied Sinai. After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the country faced a protracted period of political unrest; this included the election in 2012 of a brief, short-lived Muslim Brotherhood-aligned Islamist government spearheaded by Mohamed Morsi, and its subsequent overthrow after mass protests in 2013.\nEgypt's current government, a semi-presidential republic led by president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he was elected in 2014, has been described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian and responsible for perpetuating the country's poor human rights record. Islam is the official religion of Egypt, and Arabic is its official language. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About 43% of Egypt's residents live across the country's urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where on the globe can one find the river that most Egyptians reside by? | [
{
"id": 37097,
"question": "Majority of Egypt people live near what river?",
"answer": "Nile River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 53663,
"question": "where is #1 located in the world",
"answer": "northeastern Africa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | northeastern Africa | [
"Africa"
] | true | Where is the river where the majority of Egyptians lived located in the world? |
4hop1__17192_17130_70784_79935 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground. who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, theThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلIsrael (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1] who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "History of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, also known as Ibn Saud in Western countries. Abdulaziz united the four regions into a single state through a series ofFor much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930. 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to modern-day Pakistan in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.\nThe area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, also known as Ibn Saud in Western countries. Abdulaziz united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy governed along Islamist lines. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\", in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.\nPetroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves.\nFrom 1902 until his death in 1953, Saudi Arabia's founding father, Abdulaziz, ruled the Emirate of Riyadh (1902–1913), the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1913–1921), the Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1926), the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932), and as the King of Saudi Arabia (1932–1953).\nThereafter, six of his sons in succession have reigned over the kingdom:\n\nSaud, the immediate successor of Abdulaziz, faced opposition from most in the royal family and was eventually deposed.\nFaisal replaced Saud in 1964. Until his murder by a nephew in 1975, Faisal presided over a period of growth and modernization fuelled by oil wealth. Saudi Arabia's role in the 1973 oil crisis, and the subsequent rise in the price of oil, dramatically increased the country's political significance and wealth.\nKhalid, Faisal's successor, reigned during the first major signs of dissent: Islamist extremists temporarily seized control of the Grand Mosque in Mecca in 1979.\nFahd became king in 1982. During his reign, Saudi Arabia became the largest oil producer in the world. However, internal tensions increased when the country allied itself with the United States, and others, in the 1991 Gulf War. In the early 2000s, the Islamist opposition to the regime carried out a series of terrorist attacks.\nAbdullah succeeded Fahd in 2005. He instituted a number of mild reforms to modernize many of the country's institutions and, to some extent, increased political participation.\nSalman became king in 2015, at the age of 79. He oversaw the reorganization of the Saudi government and bestowed most of the king's political power into the crown prince, whom he replaced twice.\nSalman's son and current crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, effectively controls",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area directly above the country that established control over South Lebanon and adjacent to the Persian Gulf formed? | [
{
"id": 17192,
"question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 17130,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Middle East",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and the persian gulf",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 79935,
"question": "when was #3 created",
"answer": "1930",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | 1930 | [] | true | When was the region immediately north of the region where the country that secured southern Lebanon is located and the Persian Gulf created? |
2hop__816977_6455 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Web browser",
"paragraph_text": " or local storage and display it on the user's device. This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such as https://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. Virtually all URLs on the Web start with either http: or https: which means they are retrieved with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). For secure mode (HTTPS), the connection between the browser and web server is encrypted, providing a secure and private data transfer.\nWeb pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages and resources. Each link contains a URL, and when it is clicked or tapped, the browser navigates to the new resource. Most browsers use an internal cache of web page resources to improve loading times for subsequent visits to the same page. The cache can store many items, such as large images, so they do not need to be downloaded from the server again. Cached items are usually only stored for as long as the web server stipulates in its HTTP response messages.\n\n\n=== Privacy ===\n\nDuring the course of browsing, cookies received from various websites are stored by the browser. Some of them contain login credentials or site preferences. However, others are used for tracking user behavior over long periods of time, so browsers typically provide a section in the menu for deleting cookies. Finer-grained management of cookies usually requires a browser extension.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, was created in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. He then recruited Nicola Pellow to write the Line Mode Browser, which displayed web pages on dumb terminals. The Mosaic web browser was released in April 1993, and was later credited as the first web browser to find mainstream popularity. Its innovative graphical user interface made the World Wide Web easy to navigate and thus more accessible to the average person. This, in turn, sparked the Internet boom of the 1990s, when the Web grew at a very rapid rate. The lead developers of Mosaic then founded the Netscape corporation, which released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994. Navigator quickly became the most popular browser.\nMicrosoft debuted Internet Explorer in 1995, leading to a browser war with Netscape. Within a few years, Microsoft gained a dominant position in the browser market for two reasons: it bundled Internet Explorer with its popular Windows operating system and did so as freeware with no restrictions on usage. The market share of Internet Explorer peaked at over 95% in the early 2000s. In 1998, Netscape launched whatIn 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model. That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all versions) accounted for 7% of browser use. As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28% usage share.A web browser is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. In 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people have used a browser. The most-used browser is Google Chrome, with a 64% global market share on all devices, followed by Safari with 19%.\nA web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often confused. A search engine is a website that provides links to other websites. However, to connect to a website's server and display its web pages, a user must have a web browser installed. In some technical contexts, browsers are referred to as user agents.\n\n\n== Function ==\n\nThe purpose of a web browser is to fetch content from the Web or local storage and display it on the user's device. This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), such as https://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. Virtually all URLs on the Web start with either http: or https: which means they are retrieved with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). For secure mode (HTTPS), the connection between the browser and web server is encrypted, providing a secure and private data transfer.\nWeb pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages and resources. Each link contains a URL, and when it is clicked or tapped, the browser navigates to the new resource. Most browsers use an internal cache of web page resources to improve loading times for subsequent visits to the same page. The cache can store many items, such as large images, so they do not need to be downloaded from the server again. Cached items are usually only stored for as long as the web server stipulates in its HTTP response messages.\n\n\n=== Privacy ===\n\nDuring the course of browsing, cookies received from various websites are stored by the browser. Some of them contain login credentials or site preferences. However, others are used for tracking user behavior over long periods of time, so browsers typically provide a section in the menu for deleting cookies. Finer-grained management of cookies usually requires a browser extension.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, was created in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. He then recruited Nicola Pellow to write the Line Mode Browser, which displayed web pages on dumb terminals. The Mosaic web browser was released in April 1993, and was later credited as the first web browser to find mainstream popularity. Its innovative graphical user interface made the World Wide Web easy to navigate and thus more accessible to the average person. This, in turn, sparked the Internet boom of the 1990s, when the Web grew at a very rapid rate. The lead developers of Mosaic then founded the Netscape corporation, which released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994. Navigator quickly became the most popular browser.\nMicrosoft debuted Internet Explorer in 1995, leading to a browser war with Netscape. Within a few years, Microsoft gained a dominant position in the browser market for two reasons: it bundled Internet Explorer with its popular Windows operating system and did so as freeware with no restrictions on usage. The market share of Internet Explorer peaked at over 95% in the early 2000s. In 1998, Netscape launched what would become the Mozilla Foundation to create a new browser using the open-source software model. This work evolved into the Firefox browser, first released by Mozilla in 2004. Firefox's market share peaked at 32% in 2010. Apple released its Safari browser in 2003; it remains the dominant browser on Apple devices, though it did not become popular elsewhere.\nGoogle debuted its Chrome browser in 2008, which steadily took market share from Internet Explorer and became the most popular browser in 2012. Chrome has remained dominant everIn 1998, Netscape launched what was to become the Mozilla Foundation in an attempt to produce a competitive browser using the open source software model. That browser would eventually evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development; shortly after the release of Firefox 1.0 in late 2004, Firefox (all versions) accounted for 7% of browser use. As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28% usage share. all devices, followed by Safari with 19%.\nA web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often confused. A search engine is a website that provides links to other websites.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mozilla Sunbird",
"paragraph_text": " Mozilla Sunbird was described as \"... a cross platform standalone calendar application based on Mozilla's XUL user interface language.\" Announced in July 2003, Sunbird was a standalone version of the Mozilla Calendar Project.Mozilla Sunbird is a discontinued free and open-source, cross-platform calendar application that was developed by the Mozilla Foundation, Sun Microsystems and many volunteers. Mozilla Sunbird was described as \"... a cross platform standalone calendar application based on Mozilla's XUL user interface language.\" Announced in July 2003, Sunbird was a standalone version of the Mozilla Calendar Project. the Lightning calendar and scheduling extension for the Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey mail clients. Development of Sunbird was ended with release 1.0 beta 1 to focus on development ofMozilla Sunbird is a discontinued freeMozilla Sunbird is a discontinued free and open-source, cross-platform calendar application that was developed by the Mozilla Foundation, Sun Microsystems and many volunteers. Mozilla Sunbird was described as \"... a cross platform standalone calendar application based on Mozilla's XUL user interface language.\" Announced in July 2003, Sunbird was a standalone version of the Mozilla Calendar Project. was developed as a standalone version of the Lightning calendar and scheduling extension for the Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey mail clients. Development of Sunbird was ended with release 1.0 beta 1 to focus on development ofMozilla Sunbird is a discontinued free was developed as a standalone version of the Lightning calendar and scheduling extension for the Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey mail clients. Development of Sunbird was ended with release 1.0 beta 1 to focus on development ofMozilla Sunbird is a discontinued free and open-source, cross-platform calendar application was developed as a standalone version of the Lightning calendar and scheduling extension for the Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey mail clients. Development of Sunbird was ended with release 1.0 beta 1 to focus on development",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which browser was manufactured by the creator of Mozilla Sunbird? | [
{
"id": 816977,
"question": "Mozilla Sunbird >> developer",
"answer": "Mozilla Foundation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 6455,
"question": "What was the resulting browser for #1 ?",
"answer": "Firefox",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Firefox | [
"Firefox web browser",
"Mozilla Firefox"
] | true | The developer of Mozilla Sunbird created which browser? |
4hop1__152562_5274_458768_33677 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary ofSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but herSanta Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed] Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous ===\nThe Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissuesThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tab",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Vilaiyaadu Mankatha",
"paragraph_text": " that month, Venkat Prabhu made an announcement via Twitter, disclosing that the soundtrack album would consist of nine tracks, including one promotional track, one theme music track and one club mix, further adding that six songs had been composed and three out of them recorded already. The remaining songs were recorded from mid-June only, with Yuvan Shankar Raja informing theFour songs were included as bonus tracks to the single release of \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", all of which were part of earlier soundtracks by Yuvan Shankar Raja and were marketed by Sony Music Entertainment. The four songs - \"Dia Dia Dole\" performed by Suchitra for the film \"Avan Ivan\", \"Goa\" from the same-titled film featuring vocals by Krish, Ranjith, Tanvi Shah, Suchitra, Chynk Showtyme and Pav Bundy, \"Yogi Yogi Thaan\" from \"Yogi\" sung by Blaaze and Neha Bhasin and the title track from \"Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai\" rendered by Andrea Jeremiah, Tanvi Shah, Vinaitha and Ranjith - were added in their original composition without any variation. 2010, during Navratri, Yuvan Shankar Raja started composing the first tunes for the film. The \"introduction song\" of Ajith Kumar, \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", for which he had taken \"special care\", and the item number song \"Machi Open The Bottle...\", labelled as a \"mass song\", were recorded first. In March 2011, sources claimed that a song titled \"Vaada Bin Lada\" was recorded with Krish and Suchitra, which was called a \"funky techno duet\" and referred to as the \"present day version\" of the song \"Sorgame Endralum\", while Yuvan Shankar Raja described it as a \"futuristic duet\". The song's basic tune was based on the Carnatic raaga Madhuvanti. Later that month, Venkat Prabhu made an announcement via Twitter, disclosing that the soundtrack album would consist of nine tracks, including one promotional track, one theme music track and one club mix, further adding that six songs had been composed and three out of them recorded already. The remaining songs were recorded from mid-June only, with Yuvan Shankar Raja informing the following month, that he had scrapped one of the songs, since he was not satisfied with its tune, and composed a new song, starting from scratch.\nReports in July 2011 revealed that the album would feature two more duets; \"Nee Naan\", which was sung by S. P. B. Charan and Yuvan Shankar Raja's sister, Bhavatharini, while Madhushree and Yuvan Shankar himself had sung the other one titled \"Nanbane\". The song \"Nee Naan\" was revealed to be the replacement for the scrapped song, which Yuvan Shankar Raja had composed within ten minutes of time, with the composer going to pick that song as his favorite from the album. Karthik and Vijay Yesudas had performed another song in the album, titled \"Balle Lakka\", which also features vocals of Anusha Dhayanidhi, wife of producer Dayanidhi Azhagiri, debuting as a playback singer. She was persuaded into playback singing by Venkat Prabhu who had seen her performing on her wedding reception and was impressed by her voice. The planned promotional track was excluded from the album in last minute. Earlier reports suggesting that one of the song would feature Yuvan Shankar along with his father Ilaiyaraaja's vocals, and that Andrea Jeremiah had sung another song, turned out to be false. Further Venkat Prabhu disclosed that S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and Shankar Mahadevan were approached to render one number in vain, with the former declining, explaining that the song was too high-pitched for his voice, and the latter being unavailable. The \"Machi Open The Bottle...\" song and the club mix of \"V",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the last time the city, that hosts the headquarters of the only record label bigger than Vilaiyaadu Mankatha, received the Bicycle Friendly Community award? | [
{
"id": 152562,
"question": "What was the record label of Vilaiyaadu Mankatha?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 33677,
"question": "When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to #3 ?",
"answer": "2013",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 2013 | [] | true | Vilaiyaadu Mankatha's record label has just one company that is larger than it. When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community award given to the city where the headquarters of that larger company lies? |
2hop__857585_14251 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Southern Roses",
"paragraph_text": " Rowland\nD. A. Clarke-Smith as Senor Estrello\nSara Allgood as Miss Florence\nLeslie Perrins as Don Ramon\nHal Gordon as Mr. Mountford\nGus McNaughton as Parker\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nLow, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.\nWood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.\n\n\n== External links ==\nSouthern Roses at IMDbSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey as Mr. Higgins\nNeil Hamilton as Reggie\nGina Malo as Mary Rowland\nChili Bouchier as Estrella Estrello\nVera Pearce as Carrie\nRichard Dolman as Bill Higgins\nAthene Seyler as Mrs. Rowland\nD. A. Clarke-Smith as Senor Estrello\nSara Allgood as Miss Florence\nLeslie Perrins as Don Ramon\nHal Gordon as Mr. Mountford\nGus McNaughton as Parker\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nLow, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.\nWood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.\n\n\n== External links ==\nSouthern Roses at IMDbSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey as Mr. Higgins\nNeil Hamilton as Reggie\nGina Malo as Mary Rowland\nChili Bouchier as Estrella Estrello\nVera Pearce as Carrie\nRichard Dolman as Bill Higgins\nAthene Seyler as Mrs. Rowland\nD. A. Clarke-Smith as Senor Estrello\nSara Allgood as Miss Florence\nLeslie Perrins as Don Ramon\nHal Gordon as Mr. Mountford\nGus McNaughton as Parker\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nLow, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.\nWood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.\n\n\n== External links ==\nSouthern Roses at IMDbSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey as Mr. Higgins\nNeil Hamilton as Reggie\nGina Malo as Mary Rowland\nChili Bouchier as Estrella Estrello\nVera Pearce as Carrie\nRichard Dolman as Bill Higgins\nAthene Seyler as Mrs. Rowland\nD. A. Clarke-Smith as Senor Estrello\nSara Allgood as Miss Florence\nLeslie Perrins as Don Ramon\nHal Gordon as Mr. Mountford\nGus McNaughton as Parker\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nLow, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.\nWood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.\n\n\n== External links ==\nSouthern Roses at IMDbSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey as Mr. Higgins\nNeil Hamilton as Reggie\nGina Malo as Mary Rowland\nChili Bouchier as Estrella Estrello\nVera Pearce as Carrie\nRichard Dolman as Bill Higgins\nAthene Seyler as Mrs. Rowland\nD. A. Clarke-Smith as Senor Estrello\nSara Allgood as Miss Florence\nLeslie Perrins as Don Ramon\nHal Gordon as Mr. Mountford\nGus McNaughton as Parker\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nLow, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.\nWood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.\n\n\n== External links ==\nSouthern Roses at IMDbSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey as Mr. Higgins\nNeil Hamilton as Reggie\nGina Malo as Mary Rowland\nChili Bouchier as Estrella Estrello\nVera Pearce as Carrie\nRichard Dolman as Bill Higgins\nAthene Seyler as Mrs. Rowland\nD. A. Clarke-Smith as Senor Estrello\nSara Allgood as Miss Florence\nLeslie Perrins as Don Ramon\nHal Gordon as Mr. Mountford\nGus McNaughton as Parker\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nLow, Rachael. FilmmakingSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.SSouthern Roses is a 1936 British musical comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring George Robey, Gina Malo and Chili Bouchier. It was shot at Denham Studios. The film's sets were designed by the art director Frederick Pusey.== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey as Mr. Higgins\nNeil Hamilton as Reggie\nGina Malo as Mary",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": " Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").iers’ of air defence systems which, when combined, an airborne threat must penetrate in order to reach its targetThe term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").Anti-aircraft warfare is the counter to aerial warfare and it includes \"all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action\" (NATO's definition). It includes surface based, subsurface (submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.\nMost modern anti-aircraft (AA) weapons systems are optimized for short-, medium-, or long-range air defence, although some systems may incorporate multiple weapons (such as both autocannons and surface-to-air missiles). ‘Layered air defence’ usually refers to multiple ‘tiers’ of air defence systems which, when combined, an airborne threat must penetrate in order to reach its target; This defence is usually accomplished via the combined use of systems optimized for either short-, medium-, or long-range air defence.\nIn some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union, and modern NATO and the United States, ground-based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence (including military facilities), forces in the field, wherever they are, provide their own defences against airborne threats.\nUntil the 1950s, guns firing ballistic munitions ranging from 7.62 mm (.30 in) to 152.4 mm (6 in) were the standard weapons; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges (as with close-in weapon systems, which typically use rotary autocannons or, in very modern systems, surface-to-air adaptations of short-range air-to-air missiles, often combined in one system with rotary cannons).\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nIt may also be called counter-air, anti-air, AA, flak, layered air defence or air defence forces.\nThe term air defence was probably first used by the UK when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called \"anti-aircraft\", abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by \"light\" or \"heavy\" (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include \"AA\", \"AAA\" or \"triple-A\" (abbreviations of \"anti-aircraft artillery\"), \"flak\" (from the German Flugzeugabwehrkanone), \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and \"archie\" (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton, and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps, from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which quote from a Southern Roses actor is thought to have initiated the nickname Archie? | [
{
"id": 857585,
"question": "Southern Roses >> cast member",
"answer": "George Robey",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 14251,
"question": "What #1 line is believed to have started the archie nickname?",
"answer": "\"Archibald, certainly not!\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | "Archibald, certainly not!" | [] | true | What line by the Southern Roses cast member is believed to have started the Archie nickname? |
3hop1__635099_131926_90707 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Write This Down (band)",
"paragraph_text": " on the Write This Down EP, which was released on September 3, 2007.\nAfter releasing two independent EPs, Write This Down signed to Tooth & Nail Records to record their first full-length studio album. Oberbeck and Kalyvas left the band prior to recording the album. Since then theyWrite This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, Write This Down, peaked at No. 45 on Billboard's Christian Albums chart.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band was formed in 2005 and, after several line-up changes, the band consisted of Johnny Collier, Andy Kalyvas, Chad Nichols, John Oberbeck and Nate Rockwell. The name came after a song on pop-punk band Cartel's The Ransom EP. In 2007, Write This Down released two self-produced EPs. Although their first EP is titled Alarm the Alarm, the original version of the song \"Alarm the Alarm\" does not appear on this recording. It is released on the Write This Down EP, which was released on September 3, 2007.\nAfter releasing two independent EPs, Write This Down signed to Tooth & Nail Records to record their first full-length studio album. Oberbeck and Kalyvas left the band prior to recording the album. Since then they have added Nick Lombardo and Mike Kuwica to the lineup. Their self-titled album, Write This Down, was released on April 20, 2010.\nA second album, Lost Weekend, was released on May 22, 2012. After extensive touring, Johnny Collier decided to leave the band for personal reasons. However, they announced that they're working on a five-track EP and \"hopefully a full length to shortly follow\". On November 24, 2015, Write This Down self-released their third EP, Foundations, making it the first release without Johnny Collier.\n\n\n== Band members ==\nCurrent\n\nChadWrite This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart. band was formed in 2005 and, after several line-up changes, the band consisted of Johnny Collier, Andy Kalyvas, Chad Nichols, John Oberbeck and Nate Rockwell. The name came after a song on pop-punk band Cartel's The Ransom EP. In 2007, Write This Down released two self-produced EPs. Although their first EP is titled Alarm the Alarm, the original version of the song \"Alarm the Alarm\" does not appear on this recording. It is released on the Write This Down EP, which was released on September 3, 2007.\nAfter releasing two independent EPs, Write This Down signed to Tooth & Nail Records to record their first full-length studio album. Oberbeck and Kalyvas left the band prior to recording the album. Since then theyWrite This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album, \"Write This Down\", peaked at No. 45 on \"Billboard's\" Christian Albums chart.Write This Down is an American Christian rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Formed in 2005, the band consists of vocalists and guitarists Nate Rockwell and Mike Kuwica, bassist Nick Lombardo and drummer Chad Nichols. Their music has been featured on Internet-based radio stations, receiving regular rotation on RadioU and ChristianRock.Net. On May 10, 2010, their album",
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin CitiesMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Sn",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ohio River",
"paragraph_text": " 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million peopleThe river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois. by discharge volume in the United States and the largest tributary by volume of the north-south flowing Mississippi River, which divides the eastern from western United States. It is also the 6th oldest river on the North American continent. The river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million people.\nThe river became a primary transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion of the early U.S. The lower Ohio River just below Louisville was obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the elevation falls 26 feet (7.9 m) in 2 miles (3.2 km) restricting larger commercial navigation, although in the 18th and early 19th century its three deepest channels could be traversed by a wide variety of craft then in use. In 1830, the Louisville and Portland Canal (now the McAlpine Locks and Dam) bypassed the rapids, allowing even larger commercial and modern navigation from the Forks of the Ohio at Pittsburgh to the Port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico. Since the \"canalization\" of the river in 1929, the Ohio has not been a natural free-flowing river; today, it is divided into 21 discrete pools or reservoirs by 20 locks and dams forThe river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is the convergence point of the body of water near the city of origin of Write This Down and the Ohio River? | [
{
"id": 635099,
"question": "Write This Down >> location of formation",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 90707,
"question": "where does #2 and ohio river meet",
"answer": "at the city of Cairo, Illinois",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | at the city of Cairo, Illinois | [] | true | Where does the body of water by the city where Write This Down was formed and Ohio River meet? |
2hop__135822_46621 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Solgränd",
"paragraph_text": " the alley its name. The popular troubadour Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795) mentions the alley in his lyrics. The tavern mentioned in his epistle n:o 79 Charon i Luren tutar however, dedicated to a mor Maja Myra i Solgränden vid Stortorget, anno 1785 (\"mother Maja Myra in the Solgränd by Stortorget, in the year 1785\"), is referring to a tavern next door to Solen, in epistle n.o 56 called Förgyllda Bägaren (\"The Gilt Cup\").\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of streets and squares in Gamla stan\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nStockholmskällan - Historical photosSolgränd (Swedish: \"Sun Alley\") is an alley inSolgränd (Swedish: \"Sun Alley\") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. It connects the Stortorget square to the street Prästgatan. It is a parallel street to Storkyrkobrinken, Ankargränd, Spektens gränd, and Kåkbrinken.SSolgränd (Swedish: \"Sun Alley\") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. It connects the Stortorget square to the street Prästgatan. It is a parallel street to Storkyrkobrinken, Ankargränd, Spektens gränd, and Kåkbrinken.Solen (\"The Sun\") was the name of several taverns in Gamla stan, and in a list dated 1671 three taverns and inns are said to bear the name, one of which is called Solen vid Prästgatan (\"The Sun at Prästgatan\"). A tavern probably located in the corner of Pr",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Heliocentrism",
"paragraph_text": " the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.HHeliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientificHeliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – 385 BC). In the 5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic period.\nIt was not until the sixteenth century that a mathematical model of a heliocentric system was presented by the Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic cleric, Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution. In the following century, Johannes Kepler introduced elliptical orbits, and Galileo Galilei presented supporting observations made using a telescope.\nWith the observations of William Herschel, Friedrich Bessel, and other astronomers, it was realized that the Sun, while near the barycenter of the Solar System, was not at any center of the universe.\n\n\n== Ancient and medieval astronomy ==\nWhile the sphericity of the Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman astronomy from at least the 4th century BC, the Earth's daily rotation and yearly orbit around the Sun was never universally accepted until the Copernican Revolution.\nWhile a moving Earth was proposed at least from the 4th century BC in Pythagoreanism, and a fully developed heliocentric model was developed by Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC, these ideas were not successful in replacing the view of a static spherical Earth, and from the 2nd century AD the predominant model, which would be inherited by medieval astronomy, was the geocentric model described in Ptolemy's Almagest.\n\nThe Ptolemaic system was a sophisticated astronomical system that managed to calculate the positions for the planets to a fair degree of accuracy.\nPtolemy himself, in his Almagest, says that any model for describing the motions of the planets is merely a mathematical device, and since there is no actual way to know which is true, the simplest model that gets the right numbers should be used.\nHowever, he rejected the idea of a spinning Earth as absurd as he believed it would create huge winds. Within his model the distances of the Moon, Sun, planets and stars could be determined by treating orbits' celestial spheres as contiguous realities, which gave the stars' distance as less than 20 Astronomical Units, a regression, since Aristarchus of Samos's heliocentric scheme had centuries earlier necessarily placed the stars at least two orders of magnitude more distant.\nProblems with Ptolemy's system were well recognized in medieval astronomy, and an increasing effort to criticize and improve it in the late medieval period eventually led to the Copernican heliocentrism developed in Renaissance astronomy.\n\n\n=== Classical antiquity ===\n\n\n==== Pythagoreans ====\nThe first non-geocentric model of the universe was proposed by the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus (d. 390 BC), who taught that at the center of the universe was a \"central fire\", around which the Earth, Sun, Moon and planets revolved in uniform circular motion. This system postulated the existence of a counter-earth collinear with the Earth and central fire, with the same period of revolution around the central fire as the Earth. The Sun revolved around the central fire once a year, and the stars were stationary. The Earth maintained the same hidden face towards the central fire, rendering both it and the \"counter-earth\" invisible from Earth. The Pythagorean concept of uniform circular motion remained unchallenged for approximately the next 2000 years, and it was to the Pythagoreans that Copernicus referred to show that the notion of a moving Earth was neither new nor revolutionary. Kepler gave an alternative explanation of the Pythagoreans' \"central fire\" as the Sun, \"as most sects purposely hid[e] their teachings\".\nHeraclides of Pontus (4th century BC) said that the rotation of the Earth explained the apparent daily motion of the celestial sphere. It used to be thought that he believed Mercury and Venus to revolve around the Sun, which in turn (along with the other planets) revolves around the Earth. Macrobius (AD 395—423) later described this as the \"Egyptian System,\" stating that \"it did not escape the skill of the Egyptians,\" though there is no other evidence it was known in ancient Egypt.\n\n\n==== Aristarchus of Samos ====\n\nThe first person known to have proposed a heliocentric system was Aristarchus of Samos (c.��270 BC). Like his contemporary Eratosthenes, Aristarchus calculated the size of the Earth and measured the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon. From his estimates, he concluded that the Sun was six to seven times wider than the Earth, and thought that the larger object would have the most attractive force.\nHis writings on the heliocentric system are lost, but some information about them is known from a brief description by his contemporary, Archimedes, and from scattered references by later writers. Archimedes' description of Aristarchus' theory is given in the former's book, The Sand Reckoner. The entire description comprises just three sentences, which Thomas Heath translates as follows:\n\nYou [King Gelon] are aware that \"universe\" is the name given by most astronomers to the sphere, the centre of which is the centre of the earth, while its radius is equal to the straight line between the centre of the sun and the centre of the earth. This is the common account (τά γραφόμενα), as you have heard from astronomers. But Aristarchus brought out a book consisting of certain hypotheses, wherein it appears, as a consequence of the assumptions made, that the universe is many times greater than the \"universe\" just mentioned. His hypotheses are that the fixed stars and the sun remain unmoved, that the earth revolves about the sun on the circumference of a circle, the sun lying in the middle of the orbit, and that the sphere of the fixed stars, situated about the same centre as the sun, is so great that the circle in which he supposes the earth to revolve bears such a proportion to the distance of the fixed stars as the centre of the sphere bears to its surface.\nAristarchus presumably took the stars to be very far away because he was aware that their parallax would otherwise be observed over the course of a year. The stars are in fact so far away that stellar parallax only became detectable when sufficiently powerful telescopes had been developed in the 1830s.\nNo references to Aristarchus' heliocentrism are known in any other writings from before the common era. The earliest of the handful of other ancient references occur in two passages from the writings of Plutarch. These mention one detail not stated explicitly in Archimedes' account—namely, that Aristarchus' theory had the Earth rotating on an axis. The first of these reference occurs in On the Face in the Orb of the Moon:\n\nOnly do not, my good fellow, enter an action against me for impiety in the style of Cleanthes, who thought it was the duty of Greeks to indict Aristarchus of Samos on the charge of impiety for putting in motion the Hearth of the Universe, this being the effect of his attempt to save the phenomena by supposing the heaven to remain at rest",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was it established that the star after which Solgränd is named is the center of the solar system? | [
{
"id": 135822,
"question": "What is Solgränd named after?",
"answer": "Sun",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 46621,
"question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system",
"answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | as early as the 3rd century BC | [] | true | When was the star to which Solgränd is named after discovered to be the center of the solar system? |
2hop__22930_23241 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": " more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups., with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral fraud, and corruption is rampant in various levels of Nigerian politics.\nNigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.\nNigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_text": " بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).\n\n\n== Circumstances ==\nAvicenna created anAvicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا, romanized: Ibn Sīnā; c.��980 – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Muslim Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism.\nHis most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna's corpus includes writings on astronomy, alchemy, geography and geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, and works of poetry.\nAvicenna wrote most of his philosophical and scientific works in Arabic, but also wrote several key works in Persian, while his poetic works were written in both languages. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.\n\n\n== Name ==\nAvicenna is a Latin corruption of the Arabic patronym Ibn Sīnā (ابن سينا), meaning \"Son of Sina\". However, Avicenna was not the son but the great-great-grandson of a man named Sina. His formal Arabic name was Abū ��Alī al-���usayn bin ��Abdullāh ibn al-���asan bin ��Alī bin Sīnā al-Balkhi al-Bukhari (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).\n\n\n== Circumstances ==\nAvicenna created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Byzantine, Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Middle Platonic, Neoplatonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine.\nThe Samanid Empire in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan, and Central Asia, as well as the Buyid dynasty in the westernAvicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as \"inspired philosophers\"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife. works were written in both languages. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.\n\n\n== Name ==\nAvicenna is a Latin corruption of the Arabic patronym Ibn Sīnā (ابن سينا), meaning \"Son of Sina\". However, Avicenna was not the son but the great-great-grandson of a man named Sina. His formal Arabic name was Abū ��Alī al-���usayn bin ��Abdullāh ibn al-���asan bin ��Alī bin Sīnā al-Balkhi al-Bukhari (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).\n\n\n== Circumstances ==\nAvicenna created anAvicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا, romanized: Ibn Sīnā; c.��980 – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In 2010, what percentage of Nigerian individuals practiced the same faith as Avicenna? | [
{
"id": 22930,
"question": "What religion was Avicenna?",
"answer": "Muslim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 23241,
"question": "According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was #1 ?",
"answer": "48.8 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 48.8 percent | [] | true | What percent of Nigerians in 2010 were the same religion as Avicenna? |
3hop2__89048_860687_66294 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Is She Really Going Out with Him?",
"paragraph_text": "``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Jacksons: An American Dream",
"paragraph_text": "Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs - Joseph Jackson Angela Bassett - Katherine Jackson Holly Robinson Peete - Diana Ross Margaret Avery - Martha Scruse Billy Dee Williams - Berry Gordy Vanessa Williams - Suzanne de Passe Wylie Draper - Michael Jackson Abolade David Olatunde - Michael Jackson (baby) Alex Burrall - Michael Jackson (ages 6 -- 8) Jason Weaver - Michael Jackson (ages 9 -- 14) Colin Steele - Jermaine Jackson Jermaine Jackson II - Jermaine Jackson (ages 10 -- 17) Terrence Howard - Jackie Jackson Bumper Robinson - Jackie Jackson (ages 12 -- 16) Monica Calhoun - Rebbie Jackson Ebonie Smith - La Toya Jackson Kelli Martin - La Toya Jackson (ages 8 -- 10) Angel Vargas - Tito Jackson Shakiem Jamar Evans - Tito Jackson (ages 11 -- 15) Maya Nicole Johnson - Janet Jackson Monica Allison - Hazel Gordy Robert Redcross - Randy Jackson Nicolas Phillips - Randy Jackson (age 7 - 9) Marcus Maurice - Marlon Jackson Floyd Myers, Jr. - Marlon Jackson (age 7 - 9) Jacen Wilkerson - Marlon Jackson (ages 10 -- 15) the performances of Hilton-Jacobs and Bassett received widespread acclaim.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe opening sequence of the film features footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing and performing on stage, a few clips from the \"Can You Feel It\" music video, album covers, magazine covers, a snippet from their cartoon, and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, and issued in 1990, entitled My Family. The entire mini-series spans a period of about 40 years.\nAct 1 of the film is based on young Katherine and Joseph meeting and courting in the 1940s and showing how they managed to start out raising their children in Gary, Indiana in the 1950s and 1960s, how Joseph discovers the children have talent and starts entering them in talent shows, and finally how the Jackson 5 go on to have early fame and face its consequences in the late 1960s.\nAct 2 of the film deals with the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he faces his brothers marrying early into the Jackson 5's success, his problems with acne as a teenager, and the group's eventual switch to Epic Records in the 1970s, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller, the commercial mishap that caused his hair to ignite, and his legendary Motown 25 performance of \"Billie Jean\", as well as confronting his difficult relationship with his estranged father in the 1980s.\nMichael Jackson's voice is heard on: \"Beat It\", \"Human Nature\", \"Billie Jean\", \"I Want You Back\", \"I Wanna Be Where You Are\", \"I'll Be There\", \"Rockin' Robin\", \"ABC\", and \"Dancing Machine\". On all other songs, the Michael Jackson vocal part is performed by Anthony Harrell, Jason Weaver or Kipp Lennon.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nLawrence Hilton Jacobs as Joe Jackson\nAngela Bassett as Katherine Jackson\nHolly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross\nMargaret Avery as Martha Scruse\nBilly Dee Williams as Berry Gordy\nVanessa Williams as Suzanne de Passe\nWylie Draper as Michael Jackson\nAbolade David Olatunde as Michael Jackson (baby)\nAlex Burrall as Michael Jackson (ages 6–8)\nJason Weaver as Michael Jackson (ages 9–14)\nColin Steele as Jermaine Jackson\nJermaine Jackson Jr. as Jermaine Jackson (ages 10–17)\nTerrence Howard as Jackie Jackson\nBumper Robinson as Jackie Jackson (ages 12–16)\nMonica Calhoun as Rebbie Jackson\nEbonie Smith as La Toya Jackson\nKelli Martin as La Toya Jackson (ages 8–10)\nAngel Vargas as Tito Jackson\nShakiem Jamar Evans as Tito Jackson (ages 11–15)\nMaya Nicole Johnson as Janet Jackson\nMonica Allison as Hazel Gordy\nRobert Redcross as Randy Jackson\nNicolas Phillips as Randy Jackson (ages 7–9)\nMarcus Maurice as Marlon Jackson\nFloyd Myers Jr. as Marlon Jackson (ages 7–9)\nJacen Wilkerson as Marlon Jackson (ages 10–15)\nAmanda Hall as Danielle\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe Jacksons: An American Dream became one of the most popular and successful music-biography miniseries of the 1990s. Part 1 of the miniseries was the third highest-rated program broadcast during the week of November 9–15 with a 21.1 rating. Part 2 of the miniseries was watched by 38.4 million viewers in 22.3 million households becoming the highest-rated program broadcast during the week of November 16–22 posting a 23.9 rating, and 36 share. Overall, the miniseries was watched in 38.3 million households and posted a 22.3 rating and 33 share.\nThe series was ultimately nominated for four Emmy Awards, with Michael Peters winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Choreography. The other nominations included Robert L. Stevenson for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special, Claude Riggins, Daniel J. Leahy, Michael C. Casper, and Gary Lux for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Miniseries or a Special",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The One (video)",
"paragraph_text": " Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== Includes short concert footage of ===\n\"I Want You Back\"\n\"Billie Jean\"\n\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\"\n\"Rock with You\"\n\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\"\n\"You Rock My World\"\n\"Thriller\"\n\"We Are the World\"\n\"One More Chance\"\n\"Black or White\"\n\"Another Part of Me\"\n\"Working Day and Night\"\n\"Smooth Criminal\"\n\"They Don't Care About Us\"\n\"Blood on the Dance Floor\"\n\"Beat It\"\n\"Man in the Mirror\" (live from the Bad World Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== Includes short concert footage of ===\n\"I Want You Back\"\n\"Billie Jean\"\n\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\"\n\"Rock with You\"\n\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\"\n\"You Rock My World\"\n\"Thriller\"\n\"We Are the World\"\n\"One More Chance\"\n\"Black or White\"\n\"Another Part of Me\"\n\"Working Day and Night\"\n\"Smooth Criminal\"\n\"They Don't Care About Us\"\n\"Blood on the Dance Floor\"\n\"Beat It\"\n\"Man in the Mirror\" (live from the Bad World Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== Includes short concert footage of ===\n\"I Want You Back\"\n\"Billie Jean\"\n\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\"\n\"Rock with You\"\n\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\"\n\"You Rock My World\"\n\"Thriller\"\n\"We Are the World\"\n\"One More Chance\"\n\"Black or White\"\n\"Another Part of Me\"\n\"Working Day and Night\"\n\"Smooth Criminal\"\n\"They Don't Care About Us\"\n\"Blood on the Dance Floor\"\n\"Beat It\"\n\"Man in the Mirror\" (live from the Bad World Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture,Michael Jackson The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand.MMichael Jackson The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand..\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== Includes short concert footage of ===\n\"I Want You Back\"\n\"Billie Jean\"\n\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\"\n\"Rock with You\"\n\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\"\n\"You Rock My World\"\n\"Thriller\"\n\"We Are the World\"\n\"One More Chance\"\n\"Black or White\"\n\"Another Part of Me\"\n\"Working Day and Night\"\n\"Smooth Criminal\"\n\"They Don't Care About Us\"\n\"Blood on the Dance Floor\"\n\"Beat It\"\n\"Man in the Mirror\" (live from the Bad World Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== Includes short concert footage of ===\n\"I Want You Back\"\n\"Billie Jean\"\n\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\"\n\"Rock with You\"\n\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\"\n\"You Rock My World\"\n\"Thriller\"\n\"We Are the World\"\n\"One More Chance\"\n\"Black or White\"\n\"Another Part of Me\"\n\"Working Day and Night\"\n\"Smooth Criminal\"\n\"They Don't Care About Us\"\n\"Blood on the Dance Floor\"\n\"Beat It\"\n\"Man in the Mirror\" (live from the Bad World Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and Thailand.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== Includes short concert footage of ===\n\"I Want You Back\"\n\"Billie Jean\"\n\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'\"\n\"Rock with You\"\n\"Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough\"\n\"You Rock My World\"\n\"Thriller\"\n\"We Are the World\"\n\"One More Chance\"\n\"Black or White\"\n\"Another Part of Me\"\n\"Working Day and Night\"\n\"Smooth Criminal\"\n\"They Don't Care About Us\"\n\"Blood on the Dance Floor\"\n\"Beat It\"\n\"Man in the Mirror\" (live from the Bad World Tour)\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==Michael Jackson: The One is the DVD release of a CBS special that aired in January 2004. Released by Epic Records, it includes interviews with other celebrities about Jackson's influence on music and pop culture, and also contains clips from Jackson's previous music videos. It was certified Gold in the US five months after release, with shipments amassing 50,000 units by that point. The certification body of the US—the RIAA—recognizes the DVD as an official Michael Jackson production. It was also released on Video CD format, in several Asian countries such as India and",
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}
] | In the movie "The One," who performed the song "Is She Really Going Out With Him"? | [
{
"id": 89048,
"question": "who sang is she really going out with him",
"answer": "Joe Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 860687,
"question": "The One >> performer",
"answer": "Michael Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 66294,
"question": "who played #1 in the #2 movie",
"answer": "Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs | [] | true | Who played who sang is she really going out with him in the performer of The One movie? |
4hop2__161602_426860_88460_18966 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": "Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "That Dam",
"paragraph_text": "ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm],That Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in V",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Hokkien",
"paragraph_text": " in different regions refer to the language as:\n\nBân-lâm-gú / Bân-lâm-gí / Bân-lâm-gír / Bân-lâm-ú (��南语; ���南�� 'Southern Min language') in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia\nBân-lâm-ōe / Bân-lâm-ōa / Bîn-lâm-ōe (��南话; ���南話 'Southern Min speech') in China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Malaysia\nTâi-gí / Tâi-gú (���� 'Taiwanese speech') or Ho��h-ló-ōe / Hô-ló-ōe (����話 'Hoklo speech') in Taiwan\nLán-lâng-ōe / Lán-nâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe (���人話／������話 'our people's speech') in the Philippines\nHok-kiàn-ōe / Hok-kiàn-ōa (��建話 'Hokkien language') in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines\nIn parts of Southeast Asia and in the English-speaking communities, the term Hokkien ([h��k��ki��n����]) is etymologically derived from the Hokkien pronunciation of Fujian (Hok-kiàn), the province from which the language hails. In Southeast Asia and the English press, Hokkien is used in common parlance to refer to the Southern Min dialects of southern Fujian, and does not include reference to dialects of other Sinitic branches also present in Fujian such as the Fuzhou language (Eastern Min), Pu-Xian Min, Northern Min, Gan Chinese or Hakka.\nThe term Hokkien was first used by Walter Henry Medhurst in his 1832 Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language, According to the Reading and Colloquial Idioms, considered to be the earliest English-based Hokkien dictionary and the first major reference work in POJ, though its romanization system differs significantly from modern POJ. In this dictionary, the word Hok-kThere are many Hokkien speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia as well as in the United States. Many ethnic Han Chinese emigrants to the region were Hoklo from southern Fujian, and brought the language to what is now Burma (Myanmar), Indonesia (the former Dutch East Indies) and present day Malaysia and Singapore (formerly Malaya and the British Straits Settlements). Many of the Hokkien dialects of this region are highly similar to Taiwanese and Amoy. Hokkien is reportedly the native language of up to 98.5% of the Chinese Filipino in the Philippines, among which is known locally as Lan-nang or Lán-lâng-oē (\"Our people’s language\"). Hokkien speakers form the largest group of Chinese in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which individual introduced the Hokkien language to the nation situated between the nation that orchestrated the tournament and the nation that is home to That Dam? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 426860,
"question": "That Dam >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 18966,
"question": "Who brought the language Hokkien to #3 ?",
"answer": "Han Chinese emigrants",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Han Chinese emigrants | [
"Han",
"Han Chinese"
] | true | Who brought the language Hokkien to the country between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where That Dam is from? |
2hop__96414_159054 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Damon's highest-grossing film with him as the lead. It was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and went on to win all three of its nominations at the 80th Academy Awards: Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.\nA fourth film without the involvement of Damon, titled The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum that reprises Damon as the lead role), titled Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nFollowing his pursuit by Kirill, Jason Bourne evades Moscow police while wounded and deals with more flashbacks of when he first joined Operation Treadstone.\nSix weeks later, CIA Deputy Director Pamela Landy reveals the audiotaped confession of Ward Abbott, the late former head of Treadstone, to Director Ezra Kramer. Meanwhile, in Turin, journalist Simon Ross of The Guardian learns about Bourne and Operation Blackbriar, the program succeeding Treadstone. \nUsing the ECHELON system, the CIA detects Ross when he mentions Blackbriar during a phone call to his editor. Bourne reappears in Paris to inform Martin Kreutz, the brother of his girlfriend Marie, of her assassination in India.\nBourne reads Ross' articles so arranges a meeting with him at London Waterloo station. Realizing the CIA is following Ross, he helps him evade capture for a while. However, a panicking Ross ignores Bourne's instructions, so is shot dead by Blackbriar assassin Paz on orders of Deputy Director Noah Vosen. \nVosen's team, reluctantly assisted by Landy, analyzes Ross' notes and identifies his source as Neal Daniels, a CIA station chief. Bourne makes his way to Daniels' office in Madrid but finds it empty and runs into Nicky Parsons, a former Treadstone operative who he shares a history with. She tells him that Daniels has fled to Tangier and aids his escape from an arriving CIA unit.\nMeanwhile, Blackbriar \"asset\" Desh Bouksani is tasked with killing Daniels. Noticing that Nicky accessed information about Daniels, Vosen also sends Bouksani after her and Bourne, a decision with which Landy fiercely disagrees. \nBourne follows Bouksani to Daniels but fails to prevent Daniels' assassination. However, Bourne manages to kill the asset and save Nicky; he then sends her into hiding. Examining the contents of Daniels' briefcase, Bourne finds the address of the deep-cover CIA bureau in NYC, where Vosen directs Blackbriar, and heads there.\nLandy receives a phone call from Bourne, which is intercepted by Vosen. She tells him that his real name is David Webb and gives him the birth date \"4-15-71\". Vosen also intercepts a text to Landy from Bourne of a location to meet up, and leaves his office with a tactical team. \nBourne, however, waits for them all to leave, enters Vosen's office, and takes classified Blackbriar documents. Realizing what is going on, Vosen sends asset Paz after him. The resulting chase ends with both crashing their cars. Bourne holds the injured Paz at gunpoint, but spares his life.\nBourne arrives at a hospital at 415 East 71st Street, having figured out Landy's coded message. He gives Landy the Blackbriar files before going inside. Bourne confronts Dr. Albert Hirsch, the man who ran Treadstone's behavior modification program. Bourne now remembers that he volunteered for Treadstone. \nWhile fleeing to the roof, Bourne is confronted by Paz, who asks why he did not shoot him. Bourne asks him if he knows why he is supposed to kill him, repeating the final words of the Professor, a Treadstone asset: “Look at us. Look at what they make you give.” Paz lowers his gun, but Vosen appears and shoots at Bourne, who jumps into the East River.\nThree days later, Nicky watches a news broadcast about the exposure of Operation Blackbriar, the arrests of Hirsch and Vosen, a criminal investigation against Kramer, and the status of David Webb, a.k.a. Jason Bourne. Upon hearing that his body has not been found, Nicky smiles. He turns out to have survived the fall and swims into the darkness.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\nIn addition, Colin Stinton plays CIA Station Chief Neal Daniels, who is leaking information to Ross, while Joey Ansah plays Desh, the Blackbriar assassin sent to kill Daniels.\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nThe Bourne Ultimatum was filmed at Pinewood Studios near London and in multiple locations around the world, including Tangier, London, Paris, Madrid (as itself and double for Turin), Berlin (as double for Moscow), New York City including the Springs Mills Building (as the deep cover CIA offices), and other locations in the U.S.\nTony Gilroy, who had coThe Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.TheThe Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.airn, Scott Glenn, Paddy Considine, Édgar Ramirez, Albert Finney, and Joan Allen. In the film, Bourne continues his search for information about his past before he was part of Operation Treadstone and becomes a target of a similar assassin program. Produced by The Kennedy/Marshall Company in association with Ludlum Entertainment, The Bourne Ultimatum premiered at ArcLight Hollywood on July 25, 2007 before it was theatrically released by Universal Pictures on August 3 in the United States.\nUpon release, it received universal acclaim from critics, who considered it to be the best in the Bourne series. It grossed $444.1 million worldwide against its budget of $110 million becoming, at the time, Damon's highest-grossing film with him as the lead. It was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and went on to win all three of its nominations at the 80th Academy Awards: Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.\nA fourth film without the involvement of Damon, titled The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum that reprises Damon as the lead role), titled",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Bourne Ultimatum",
"paragraph_text": " Strathairn, Scott Glenn, Paddy Considine, Édgar Ramirez, Albert Finney, and Joan Allen. In the film, Bourne continues his search for information about his past before he was part of Operation Treadstone and becomes a target of a similar assassin program. Produced by The Kennedy/Marshall Company in association with Ludlum Entertainment, The Bourne Ultimatum premiered at ArcLight Hollywood on July 25, 2007 before it was theatrically released by Universal Pictures on August 3 in the United States.\nUpon release, it received universal acclaim from critics, who considered it to be the best in the Bourne series. It grossed $444.1 million worldwide against its budget of $110 million becoming, at the time, Damon's highest-grossing film with him as the lead. It was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and went on to win all three of its nominations at the 80th Academy Awards: Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.\nA fourth film without the involvement of Damon, titled The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum that reprises Damon as the lead roleThe Bourne Ultimatum is the third Jason Bourne novel written by Robert Ludlum and a sequel to \"The Bourne Supremacy\" (1986). First published in 1990, it was the last Bourne novel to be written by Ludlum himself. Eric Van Lustbader wrote a sequel titled \"The Bourne Legacy\" fourteen years later.remacy (2004), the screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. Matt Damon reprises his role as Ludlum's signature character, former CIA assassin and psychogenic amnesiac Jason Bourne.\nAdditional cast members who star alongside Damon include Julia Stiles, David Strathairn, Scott Glenn, Paddy Considine, Édgar Ramirez, Albert Finney, and Joan Allen. In the film, Bourne continues his search for information about his past before he was part of Operation Treadstone and becomes a target of a similar assassin program. Produced by The Kennedy/Marshall Company in association with Ludlum Entertainment, The Bourne Ultimatum premiered at ArcLight Hollywood on July 25, 2007 before it was theatrically released by Universal Pictures on August 3 in the United States.\nUpon release, it received universal acclaim from critics, who considered it to be the best in the Bourne series. It grossed $444.1 million worldwide against its budget of $110 million becoming, at the time, Damon's highest-grossing film with him as the lead",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the basis of the storyline for the character in The Bourne Ultimatum? | [
{
"id": 96414,
"question": "The The Bourne Ultimatum has what character?",
"answer": "Jason Bourne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 159054,
"question": "What was the story of #1 based on?",
"answer": "the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum | [
"Robert Ludlum"
] | true | What was the story of the character from The Bourne Ultimatum based on? |
3hop1__398232_326948_78782 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge",
"paragraph_text": " operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorfulThe Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.TheThe Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.oe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Battle of New Orleans",
"paragraph_text": " Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson, roughly 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the French Quarter of New Orleans, in the current suburb of Chalmette, Louisiana. \nThe battle was the climax of the five-month Gulf Campaign (September 1814 to February 1815) by Britain to try to take New Orleans, West Florida, and possibly Louisiana Territory which began at the First Battle of Fort Bowyer. Britain started the New Orleans campaign on December 14, 1814, at the Battle of Lake Borgne and numerous skirmishes and artillery duels happened in the weeks leading up to the final battle.\nThe battle took place 15 days after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which formally ended the War of 1812, on December 24, 1814, though it would not be ratified by the United States (and therefore did not take effect) until February 16, 1815, as news of the agreement had not yet reached the United States from Europe. Despite a British advantage in numbers, training, and experience, the American forces defeated a poorly executed assault in slightly more than 30 minutes. The Americans suffered 71 casualties, while the BritishThe Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought between December 14, 1814 and January 18, 1815, constituting the last major battle of the War of 1812. American combatants, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, prevented a much larger British force, commanded by Admiral Alexander Cochrane and General Edward Pakenham, from seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.The Battle of New Orleans was fought on January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mother-in-Law (song)",
"paragraph_text": " of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 1961\nList of number-one R&B singles of 1961 (U.S.)\nMother-in-law joke\n\n\n== References ==\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the Billboard R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records.\nAfter several unsuccessful takes, Tou\"Mother-in-Law\" is a 1961 song recorded by Ernie K-Doe. It was a number-one hit in the U.S. on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. The song was written and produced by Allen Toussaint, who also played the piano solo. It was issued by Minit Records.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which British general participated in the conflict named for the native city of the individual who documented the song Mother-in-Law? | [
{
"id": 398232,
"question": "Mother-in-Law >> performer",
"answer": "Ernie K-Doe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 326948,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 78782,
"question": "british general in the battle of #2",
"answer": "General Edward Pakenham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | General Edward Pakenham | [
"Edward Pakenham"
] | true | Who was the British general in the battle named after the birth city of the person who recorded Mother-in-Law? |
2hop__159902_362941 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Paulsdale",
"paragraph_text": " its significance in social history and politics/government. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe main house at Paulsdale was built about 1800 by Benjamin Hooton. The Paul family purchased the 173-acre (70.01 ha) farm around 1883. The property remained in the Paul family until 1958, and served as a sort of \"home base\" for activist Alice Paul, who was born here in 1885. For much of her adult life she lived an itinerant lifestyle, driven by her activism for women's suffrage. Paulsdale was a place she regularly returned to, holding meetings and strategy sessions for her campaigns. It was sold out of the family in 1958, after her brother's death.\nDuring the 1950s, the property was divided into two parcels: 167 acres (67.58 ha) of farmland and the remaining 6 acres (2.4 ha) which included the house and farm buildings. The larger became a housing development, while the smaller remained a private residence until it was purchased by the Alice Paul Institute in 1990.\nThe house has been restored to the condition when Alice Paul lived there. It now serves as a historic house museum and a home for the institute. The purpose of the institute is to make sure Alice Paul's legacy survives by enhancing the knowledge of future generations on the topic of human rights.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of monuments and memorials to women's suffrage\nBarbara Haney Irvine, who led the campaign to purchase Paulsdale through the Alice Paul Institute\nList of National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial sitePaulsdale is a historic estate and house museum in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey. Built about 1840, it was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul (1885-1977), a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States, whose activism led to passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1989, for its significance in social history and politics/government. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe main house at Paulsdale was built about 1800 by Benjamin Hooton. The Paul family purchased the 173-acre (70.01 ha) farm around 1883. The property remained in the Paul family until 1958,Paulsdale, in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, was the birthplace and childhood home of Alice Paul, a major leader in the Women's suffrage movement in the United States. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991. movement in the United States, whose activism led to passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1989, for its significance in social history and politics/government. Paulsdale was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe main house at Paulsdale was built about 1800 by Benjamin Hooton. The Paul family purchased the 173-acre (70.01 ha) farm around 1883. The property remained in the Paul family until 1958, and served as a sort of \"home base\" for activist Alice Paul, who was born here in 1885. For much of her adult life she lived an itinerant lifestyle, driven by her activism for women's suffrage. Paulsdale was a place she regularly returned to, holding meetings and strategy sessions for her campaigns. It was sold out of the family in 1958, after her brother's death.\nDuring the 1950s, the property was divided into two parcels: 167 acres (67.58 ha) of farmland and the remaining 6 acres (2.4 ha) which included the house and farm buildings. The larger became a housing development, while the smaller remained a private residence until it was purchased by the Alice Paul Institute in 1990.\nThe house has been restored to the condition when Alice Paul lived there. It now serves as a historic house museum and a home for the institute. The purpose of the institute is to make sure Alice Paul's legacy survives by enhancing the knowledge of future generations on the topic of human rights.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of monuments and memorials to women's suffrage\nBarbara Haney Irvine, who led the campaign to purchase Paulsdale through the Alice Paul Institute\nList of National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "List of First Ladies of the United States",
"paragraph_text": " presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Joe Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021, his wife, Jill Biden, became the 43rd official first lady.\nThere are four living former first ladies: Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush; Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama; and Melania Trump, married to Donald Trump. The most recent first lady to die was Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter. The first first lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official first ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered first ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson; Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson; Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren; and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur. One woman who was not married to a president is still considered an official first lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.\nIn 2007, the United States Mint began releasingIn 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.TheIn 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul. office, although Eleanor Roosevelt earned money writing and giving lectures, but gave most of it to charity, and Jill Biden has maintained her regular job as an educator during her time in the role. The first lady has her own staff, including the White House social secretary, the chief of staff, the press secretary, the chief floral designer, and the executive chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and is a branch of the Executive Office of the President.\nThere have been total of 54 first ladies including 43 official and 11 acting, within 46 first ladyships. This discrepancy exists because some presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Joe Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021, his wife, Jill Biden, became the 43rd official first lady.\nThere are four living former first ladies: Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush; Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama; and Melania Trump, married to Donald Trump. The most recent first lady to die was Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter. The first first lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official first ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered first ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson; Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson; Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren; and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur. One woman who was not married to a president is still considered an official first lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.\nIn 2007, the United States Mint began releasingIn 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the First Ladies on the obverse. When a President served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that President's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's First Ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's First Lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.The first lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the president of the United States, but, on occasion, the title has been applied to women who were not presidents' wives, such as when the president was a bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the first lady. The first lady is not an elected position; it carries no official duties and receives no salary. Nonetheless, she attends many official ceremonies and functions of state either along with or in place of the president. Traditionally, the first lady does not hold outside employment while occupying the office, although Eleanor Roosevelt earned money writing and giving lectures, but gave most of it to charity, and Jill Biden has maintained her regular job as an educator during her time in the role. The first lady has her own staff, including the White House social secretary, the chief of staff, the press secretary, the chief floral designer, and the executive chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and is a branch of the Executive Office of the President.\nThere have been total of 54 first ladies including 43 official and 11 acting, within 46 first ladyships. This discrepancy exists because some presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Joe Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021, his wife, Jill Biden, became the 43rd official first lady.\nThere are four living former first ladies: Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush; Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama; and Melania Trump, married to Donald Trump. The most recent first lady to die was Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter. The first first lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official first ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered first ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson; Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson; Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren; and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur. One woman who was not married to a president is still considered an official first lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.\nIn 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the first ladies on the obverse. When a president served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that president's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's first ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's first lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.\n\n\n== Current living first ladies ==\nLiving first ladies as of August 2024 (from oldest to youngest):\n\n\n== List ==\nThis list includes all persons who served as first ladies, regardless of whether they were married to the incumbent president or not, as well as persons who are considered first ladies by the official White House website and the White House Historical Association. It is sorted by the name the first ladies were commonly known as.\n\n\n== Other spouses of presidents of the United States ==\nCertain spouses of presidents of the United States are not considered first ladies of the United States.\nFour presidents were widowed prior to their presidencies:\n\nThomas Jefferson was married to Martha Wayles from 1772 until her death in 1782.\nAndrew Jackson was married to Rachel Donelson from 1794 until her death in 1828.\nMartin Van Buren was married to Hannah Hoes from 1807 until her death in 1819.\nChester A. Arthur was married to Ellen Lewis Herndon from 1859 until her",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where did the individual portrayed on the Chester Arthur coin originate from? | [
{
"id": 159902,
"question": "Who does the Chester arthur coin feature?",
"answer": "Alice Paul",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 362941,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Mount Laurel Township",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Mount Laurel Township | [] | true | Where was the person featured on the Chester Arthur coin born? |
3hop1__475351_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Dourkhan",
"paragraph_text": " some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system project was completed, and a safe-drinking-water project is near its completion.\n\n\n== References ==Dourkhan or Dorkhan a small town in Hunza Valley, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses. A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.\nThe best gem-quality ruby crystals were extracted from the Dorkhan deposit in the lower zone of corundum mineralization. Pink, violet and almost colourless sapphire is less common than ruby. Corundum var: Ruby and Corundum var: Sapphire. (Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 55). In the early 1970s there was a special project of mining gemstones which was at a standstill due to government action. Nowadays some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system project was completed, and a safe-drinking-water project is near its completion.\n\n\n== References ==Dourkhan or Dorkhan a small town in Hunza Valley, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses. A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.\nThe best gem-quality ruby crystals were extracted from the Dorkhan deposit in the lower zone of corundum mineralization. Pink, violet and almost colourless sapphire is less common than ruby. Corundum var: Ruby and Corundum var: Sapphire. (Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 55). In the early 1970s there was a special project of mining gemstones which was at a standstill due to government action. Nowadays some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system project was completed, and a safe-drinking-water project is near its completion.\n\n\n== References ==Dourkhan or Dorkhan a small town in Hunza Valley, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses. A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.\nThe best gem-quality ruby crystals were extracted from the Dorkhan deposit in the lower zone of corundum mineralization. Pink, violet and almost colourless sapphire is less common than ruby. Corundum var: Ruby and Corundum var: Sapphire. (Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 55). In the early 1970s there was a special project of mining gemstones which was at a standstill due to government action. Nowadays some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system project was completed, and a safe-drinking-water project is near its completion.\n\n\n== References ==Dourkhan or Dorkhan a small town in Hunza Valley, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses. A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.\nThe best gem-quality ruby crystals were extracted from the Dorkhan deposit in the lower zone of corundum mineralization. Pink, violet and almost colourless sapphire is less common than ruby. Corundum var: Ruby and Corundum var: Sapphire. (Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 55). In the early 1970s there was a special project of mining gemstones which was at a standstill due to government action. Nowadays some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system project was completed, and a safe-drinking-water project is near its completion.\n\n\n== References ==Dourkhan or Dorkhan a small town in Hunza Valley, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses. A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.\nThe best gem-quality ruby crystals were extracted from the Dorkhan deposit in the lower zone of corundum mineralization. Pink, violet and almost colourless sapphire is less common than ruby. Corundum var: Ruby and Corundum var: Sapphire. (Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 55). In the early 1970s there was a special project of mining gemstones which was at a standstill due to government action. Nowadays some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system project was completed, and aDourkhan a small town in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses(Increasing). A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.DDourkhan a small town in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, 1 km from Ali Abad. Dourkhan village is a residential area consisting of about 150 houses(Increasing). A middle school run by the education department of Gilgit–Baltistan is located in Dourkhan, and in 2012 an Air Foundation School system campus was also established. The civil session court of Hunza–Nagar District is also located in Dourkhan, as are offices of PWD and XEN.WD and XEN.\nThe best gem-quality ruby crystals were extracted from the Dorkhan deposit in the lower zone of corundum mineralization. Pink, violet and almost colourless sapphire is less common than ruby. Corundum var: Ruby and Corundum var: Sapphire. (Ref: E.Ya. Kievlenko, Geology of gems, 2003, p. 55). In the early 1970s there was a special project of mining gemstones which was at a standstill due to government action. Nowadays some young people mainly unemployed try to find rubies and other precious gems in long tunnels approximately 1 km long.\nThe town management society of Dourkhan is working on development and infrastructure improvement with the support of Aga Khan Development Network and other international non-governmental organizations. Recently a sewage-system",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenonThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the Arabic translation of the term for the prevalent religion in the region of British India that transformed into India at the time of Dourkhan's nation's formation? | [
{
"id": 475351,
"question": "Dourkhan >> country",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
] | true | In the Arabic dictionary, what's the meaning of the word for the majority religion in the area of British India that became India when Dourkhan's country was created? |
4hop1__580153_49925_13759_736921 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "though there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits ofAlthough there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Wittenberg (district)",
"paragraph_text": "Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "ception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity thatDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Candidacy",
"paragraph_text": "Candidacy is a rite which takes place during Roman Catholic seminary formation, by which the Church recognizes the seminarian as worthy of being ordained (hence, they become a \"candidate\" for ordination to the priesthood). Permanent deacons in the Roman Catholic Church also go through Candidacy or being recognized as worthy of being ordained just before their ordination as permanent deacons.Candidacy is a rite which takes place during Roman Catholic seminary formation, by which the Church recognizes the seminarian as worthy of being ordained (hence, they become a \"candidate\" for ordination to the priesthood). Permanent deacons in the Roman Catholic Church also go through Candidacy or being recognized as worthy of being ordained just before their ordination as permanent deacons.A candidate, or nominee, is the prospective recipient of an award or honor, or a person seeking or being considered for some kind of position; for example:\n\nto be elected to an office — in this case a candidate selection procedure occurs.\nto receive membership in a group\n\"Nomination\" is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to an office by a political party, or the bestowing of an honor or award. This person is called a \"nominee\", though nominee often is used interchangeably with \"candidate\". A presumptive nominee is a person or organization believes that the nomination is inevitable or likely. The act of being a candidate in a race for either a party nomination or for electoral office is called a \"candidacy\". Presumptive candidate may be used to describe someone who is predicted to be a formal candidate.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nCandidate is a derivative of the Latin candidus (‘shining white’). In ancient Rome, men seeking political office would usually wear the toga candida, a toga chalked and bleached to be bright white at speeches, debates, conventions, and other public functions.\n\n\n== In the Roman Catholic Church ==\nIndividuals who wish to be received into the membership of the Catholic Church who have been baptized in another mainstream Christian denomination are known as candidates; their reception into the Catholic Church is done through a profession of faith, followed by the reception of Holy Communion and Confirmation. In contrast, those persons who have never received the sacrament of baptism are, as a matter of Catholic canon law, considered non-Christians and if they are preparing to become a member of the Catholic Church (through the church process called the Christian Initiation of Adults, they are known as catechumens.\n\n\n== Candidates in elections ==\n\nIn the context of elections for public office in a representational partisan democracy, a candidate who has been selected by a",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where can one find the location where the individual, who wished to revise and address the religion that encompasses candidacy, delivered a sermon about Marian devotion preceding his demise? | [
{
"id": 580153,
"question": "candidacy >> religion",
"answer": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #1 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 13759,
"question": "Where did #2 preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?",
"answer": "Wittenberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 736921,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Saxony-Anhalt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Saxony-Anhalt | [] | true | Where is the district that the person who wanted to reform and address the religion that practices candidacy preach a sermon on Marian devotion before his death located? |
3hop1__354480_834494_34099 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013). (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead\nKing Canyon Trailhead\nRichard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead\nRichard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead\nSarasota Trailhead\nSweetwater Preserve Trailhead\nVentana Canyon Trailhead\n\n\n== Community Centers ==\nThe NRPR has 13 community centers:\n\nAjo Community Center\nAriv",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Eric Marcus Municipal Airport",
"paragraph_text": " it as a general aviation facility.\n\n\n== Facilities and aircraft ==\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport covers an area of 1,375 acres (556 ha) and has one runway designated 12/30 with a 3,800 x 60 ft (1,158 x 18 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending April 19, 2023, the airport had 1,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 31 per week.\nThe Ajo Country Club is on the southeast part of the former Army Airfield containment area.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe airport was established on 22 August 1941 on approximately 1,426 acres near Ajo, Arizona as part of the expansion of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. It was designated a sub-post of Luke Army Airfield as part of the Gila Bend Gunnery Range in Maricopa County, with small detachments being stationed at the airfield. The 543d School Squadron operated from Ajo Field operating towing aircraft for aerial gunnery practice.\nIn June 1943, the Ajo AAF was transferred to Williams Army Air Field and the airfield was upgraded with three bituminous runways: 5350x150 (N/S), 5300x150 (NE/SW), and 6300x150 (NW/SE). A large parking apron was built with additional taxiways, landing aids and several hangars. It later became a single engine gunnery school as part of the Fixed Gunnery School operated by the Eric Marcus Municipal Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is located north of the central business district of Ajo and is about southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport. 82 miles (71 nmi; 132 km) southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport.\nThe airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorizes it as a general aviation facility.\n\n\n== Facilities and aircraft ==\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport covers an area of 1,375 acres (556 ha) and has one runway designated 12/30 with a 3,800 x 60 ft (1,158 x 18 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending April 19, 2023, the airport had 1,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 31 per week.\nThe Ajo Country Club is on the southeast part of the former Army Airfield containment area.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe airport was established on 22 August 1941 on approximately 1,426 acres near Ajo, Arizona as part of the expansion of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. It was designated a sub-post of Luke Army Airfield as part of the Gila Bend Gunnery Range in Maricopa County, with small detachments being stationed at the airfield. The 543d School Squadron operated from Ajo Field operating towing aircraft for aerial gunnery practice.\nIn June 1943, the Ajo AAF was transferred to Williams Army Air Field and the airfield was upgraded with three bituminous runways: 5350x150 (N/S), 5300x150 (NE/SW), and 6300x150 (NW/SE). A large parking apron was built with additional taxiways, landing aids and several hangars. It later became a single engine gunnery school as part of the Fixed Gunnery School operated by the 82d Flying Training Wing at Las Vegas Army Airfield, although it still supported the flying training at Luke and also Williams Army Airfield. It was under the command of the 472d (Reduced) Army Air Force Base Unit, AAF West Coast Training Center.\nAjo AAF also had three auxiliary landing fields, located out on the (now) Barry Goldwater bombing range:\n\nAjo Aux #1 at 32°31′41″N 112°55′58″W\nAjo Aux #2 at 32°36′19″N 112°52′41″W\nAjo Aux #3 at 32°39′38″N 112°52′14″W\nAlthough abandoned since the war, all of these fields are easily visible from the air.\nWith the exception of the small caliber shooting at the former fire-in-butt range, all live ammunition activities took place on the Ajo-Gila Bend Gunnery Range, well away from the Ajo AAF. A Chemical Warfare Service Detachment was assigned to the Ajo AAF; however, their activities were restricted to classroom instruction. All chemical warfare activities, other than classroom instruction, were directed through Williams Army Air Field. Ajo AAF was not authorized to receive any chemical warfare materiel\nThe airfield was used by the Air Force until the end of the war and was inactivated on 7 October 1946. A portion of the Ajo AAF property, approximately 51 acres, was returned to the Department of the Interior (DOI) on July 28, 1947, as part of a quitclaim. The remaining land was handed over to Pima County on August 4, 1949,\nIn June 1952, Bonanza Air lines started service to Los Angeles from Phoenix with a stop in Ajo.\nOf the three original runways, only one is",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the duration of the city council terms in the city located within the same county as the Eric Marcus Municipal Airport? | [
{
"id": 354480,
"question": "Eric Marcus Municipal Airport >> location",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 34099,
"question": "How long are #2 's city council terms?",
"answer": "four-year",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | four-year | [] | true | How long are the city council terms in the city that is in the same county as Eric Marcus Municipal Airport? |
2hop__415518_616002 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden",
"paragraph_text": " Theatre on March 16, 1948, in a production starring Peggy Allenby as Ma Kirby and Don MacLaughlin as Elmer. A production by Theodore Mann at the Circle in the Square Theatre which opened on April 21, 1993, won both a TonyThe Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden is a one act play by American novelist and playwright Thornton Wilder written in 1931. It was first published in \"The Long Christmas Dinner and Other Plays in One Act\" (New York: Coward-McCann, 1931).The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden is a one act play by American novelist and playwright Thornton Wilder written in 1931. It was first published in \"The Long Christmas Dinner and Other Plays in One Act\" (New York: Coward-McCann, 1931). Productions ==\nThe first production of The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden was by the Yale Dramatic Association and the Vassar College Philalethis at the Yale University theater in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 25, 1931. It opened on Broadway at the Cort Theatre on March 16, 1948, in a production starring Peggy Allenby as Ma Kirby and Don MacLaughlin as Elmer. A production by Theodore Mann at the Circle in the Square Theatre which opened on April 21, 1993, won both a TonyThe Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden is a one act play by American novelist and playwright Thornton Wilder written in 1931. It was first published in \"The Long Christmas Dinner and Other Plays in One Act\" (New York: Coward-McCann, 1931).The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden is a one act play by American novelist and playwright Thornton Wilder written in 1931. It was first published in The Long Christmas Dinner and Other Plays in One Act (New York: Coward-McCann, 1931).\n\n\n== Productions ==\nThe first production of The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden was by the Yale Dramatic Association and the Vassar College Philalethis at the Yale University theater in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 25, 1931. It opened on Broadway at the Cort Theatre on March 16, 1948, in a production starring Peggy Allenby as Ma Kirby and Don MacLaughlin as Elmer. A production by Theodore Mann at the Circle in the Square Theatre which opened on April 21, 1993, won both a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival of a Play.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nAlmost the entire play takes place during an automobile journey from Newark to Camden, New Jersey by a family on their way to visit a married daughter, who has recently lost a baby in childbirth. Very little happens, but the father, mother, and children reminisce, joke, and sightsee and somehow, in classic Thornton Wilder fashion, capture something of the universal joy and sadness of life as they motor along.\n\n\n== Themes ==\nComparing this play with his later masterpiece, Our Town, Wilder said in 1974, \"In my plays I attempted to raise ordinary daily conversation between ordinary people to the level of the universal human experience.\" In his \"Notes to the Producer\" written in 1931, Wilder stated that:\n\nIt should constantly be borne in mind that the purpose of this play is the portrayal of the character of Ma Kirby ... the director should constantly keep in mind that Ma Kirby's humor, strength and humanity constitute the unifying element throughout.\nEric Specie in an overview of the play says:\n\nA family car trip occurs on a bare stage. Yet the ordinary is only the setting for an investigation of extraordinary existential issues. In this family drama, nothing much happens",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Skin of Our Teeth",
"paragraph_text": " impending ice age; in the second act the family circumstances have changed as George becomes president of the Fraternal Order of Mammals (apparent references to Sodom and Gomorrah but also to the Roaring Twenties), while the end of the world approaches a second time; the third act opens with Maggie and Gladys emerging from a bunker at the end of a seven-year-long war.\nAn additional layer of stylistic complexity is added by the occasional interruption of the recitative narrative scene by actors directly addressing the audience: In the first scene, the actress playing Sabina reveals her misgivings to the audience about the play; in the second act she refuses to recite her lines and instead talks to the spectators, causing a woman in the audience to run from the theater sobbing; and in the third act, the actor playing Mr. Antrobus interrupts to announce that several actors have taken ill, asking the audience to indulge them while the \"stage manager\" of the play conducts a rehearsal with the replacements.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n=== Act I ===\nAct one is an amalgam of early 20th century New Jersey and the dawn of the Ice Age. The father is inventing things such as the lever, the wheel, the alphabet, and multiplication tables. The family and the entire northeastern U.S. face extinction by a wall of ice moving southward from Canada. The story is introduced by a narrator and further expanded by the family maid, Sabina. There are unsettling parallels between the members of the Antrobus family and various characters from the Bible. In addition, time is compressed and scrambled to such an extent that the refugees who arrive at the AntThe Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder which won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It opened on October 15, 1942, at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, before moving to the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway on November 18, 1942. It was produced by Michael Myerberg and directed by Elia Kazan. The play is a three-part allegory about the life of mankind, centering on the Antrobus family of the fictional town of Excelsior, New Jersey. The original production starred Tallulah Bankhead, Fredric March, Florence Eldridge, and Montgomery Clift. Bankhead won a Variety Award for Best Actress and the New York Drama Critics Award for Best Actress of the Year for her role as Sabina. When she left the production in March 1943, she was replaced by Miriam Hopkins. Hopkins was in turn replaced by Gladys George. For two performances, while George was ill, Lizabeth Scott, who had been Bankhead's understudy, was called in to play the role. Scott then played the role for the production's run in Boston. Originally billed in New York as \"Elizabeth Scott\", she dropped the \"E\" before taking the part in Boston, and it became her breakthrough role.TheThe Skin of Our Teeth is a play by Thornton Wilder which won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It opened on October 15, 1942, at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, before moving to the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway on November 18, 1942. It was produced by Michael Myerberg and directed by Elia Kazan. The play is a three-part allegory about the life of mankind, centering on the Antrobus family of the fictional town of Excelsior, New Jersey. The original production starred Tallulah Bankhead, Fredric March, Florence Eldridge, and Montgomery Clift. Bankhead won a Variety Award for Best Actress and the New York Drama Critics Award for Best Actress of the Year for her role as Sabina. When she left the production in March 1943, she was replaced by Miriam Hopkins. Hopkins was in turn replaced by Gladys George. For two performances, while George was ill, Lizabeth Scott, who had been Bankhead's understudy, was called in to play the role. Scott then played the role for the production's run in Boston. Originally billed in New York as \"Elizabeth Scott\", she dropped the \"E\" before taking the part in Boston, and it became her breakthrough role. in the second act. The play's action takes place in a modern setting, but is full of anachronisms reaching back to prehistoric times. The characters' roles as archetypes are emphasized by their identification with Biblical and classical personalities:\nThe name Lilly Sabina is a reference to the myth of Lilith and to the historical rape of the Sabine women, identifications made relatively explicit in the play's text. Henry Antrobus's name was changed from \"Cain\", following his murder of his brother Abel, mirroring the biblical story in which Adam's son murders his brother after God favors Abel over Cain by gifts. This implies that George Antrobus is Adam and Maggie Antrobus Eve, supported when George composes a song for his wife Maggie in honor of their anniversary: \"Happy w'dding ann'vers'ry dear Eva.\"\nThe murder of Abel is an underlying theme in the play. Mr. Antrobus pays far more attention to his \"perfect\" third child Gladys than he does Henry. As this treatment of Henry continues, Henry's anger progresses throughout the play, reaching its climax in the third act.\nWhile the Antrobus family remains constant throughout the play, the three acts do not form a continuous narrative. The first act takes place during an impending ice age; in the second act the family circumstances have changed as George becomes president of the Fraternal Order of Mammals (apparent references to Sodom and Gomorrah but also to the Roaring Twenties), while the end of the world approaches a second time; the third act opens with Maggie and Gladys emerging from a bunker at the end of a seven-year-long war.\nAn additional layer of stylistic complexity is added by the occasional interruption of the recitative narrative scene",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which honor was bestowed upon the writer of The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden? | [
{
"id": 415518,
"question": "The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden >> author",
"answer": "Thornton Wilder",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 616002,
"question": "#1 >> award received",
"answer": "Pulitzer Prize for Drama",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Pulitzer Prize for Drama | [] | true | What award did the author of The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden receive? |
2hop__821197_368148 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative",
"paragraph_text": "The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative which is headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland. SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties of southern Maryland. Under its rules as a nonprofit cooperative, SMECO passes on its costs to its customer-members without markup or profit.The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative which is headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland. SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties of southern Maryland. Under its rules as a nonprofit cooperative, SMECO passes on its costs to its customer-members without markup or profit.The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland, United States. SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St. Mary's counties of southern Maryland. Under its rules as a nonprofit cooperative, SMECO passes on its costs to its customer-members without markup or profit.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1937, two committees of citizens from three counties sought aid to construct a local rural electric distribution system under the New Deal's Rural Electrification Administration. They formed the Southern Maryland Tri-County Electric Cooperative Association, which was reorganized as a cooperative under the SMECO name in 1942. Customers were allowed to select suppliers of electricity beginning in 2001 under the Maryland Electric Deregulation legislation enacted in 1999. From 2007 to 2011, SMECO won the J.D. Power and Associates award for best customer service for a midsize utility.\nSMECO owned a 77 MW gas turbine generator located at the Chalk Point Generating Station, which began operation in 1990 and was operated and maintained by NRG Energy. In 2015, NRG acquired the turbine plant from SMECO.\n\n\n== FERC solar complaint ==\nSMECO has filed a complaint with the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), alleging that the Maryland Public Service Commission (PSC) coerced utilities into purchasing excess solar power generated by the state's community solar program at much higher retail rates, rather than paying the amount it would have cost these utilities to generate the power themselves, also known as the avoided cost. This would be in violation of the federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), which establishes that any payment given to such qualifying power plants should equate to the utility's avoided cost. In addition, PURPA mandates that these plants do not exceed 80 MW of power.\nRecently, the development of community solar programs has become increasingly prevalent to meet the ever-growing demand for new, viable energy sources. However, there has been much controversy regarding the surge in net metering consumers due to the resulting cost shifts, which negatively affect the non-solar community now facing much higher payments to offset the increased benefits given to solar projects.\nBecause of the continual reduction in the cost of power, FERC has become more concerned with the discrepancy between avoided costs and prevailing wholesale prices. This has placed more focus on PURPA's roles and responsibilities in maintaining and balancing the current energy market.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteThe Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland, United States. SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hughesville, Maryland",
"paragraph_text": ".08 square miles (0.2 km2), or 0.69%, is water.\nHughesville was a tobacco market town. The former tobacco warehouses are now used for second-hand thrift stores and boutique gift and craft shops.\nBecause Hughesville, though small, is considered the strategic geographic center of the tri-county Southern Maryland region, it houses institutions such as the headquarters for the Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative, an animal shelter, an economic development council, a board of realtors, and a homeless women's shelter, which serve the tri-county area. There is also a Girl Scout camp. The town has no traditional grid-layout streets, but consists of merely businesses along the highway and some very small outlying housing developments. It was announced in 2013 that the College of Southern Maryland is building their fourth campus in the town.\nA 5.5-MW solar farm near Hughesville generates enough power for 600 homes, and offsets the pollution of 1,600 cars.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 1,537 people, 503 households, and 407 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 137.4 inhabitants per square mile (53.1/km2). There were 529 housing units at an average density of 47.3 per square mile (18.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 82.04% White, 13.08% African American, 0.72% Native American, 2.73% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.13% from other races, and 1.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.\nThere were 503 households, out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.2% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.25.\nIn the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.4 males. For everyHughesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charles County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census. Truman's Place was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.Hughesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charles County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census. Truman's Place was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the county where the Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative has its main office? | [
{
"id": 821197,
"question": "Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Hughesville",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 368148,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Charles County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Charles County | [
"Charles County, Maryland"
] | true | In which county is Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative headquartered? |
2hop__124412_402641 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Chiang Hsiao-wu",
"paragraph_text": " to the speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor.\nHe died at the age of 46, on July 1, 1991, at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan as a result of congestive heart failure brought on by chronic inflammation of the pancreas. He was survived by his wife and two children.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wu (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Ji��ng Xiàow��; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 – July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe was president of the state-run Broadcasting Corporation of China from 1980 to 1986, and later headed the Republic of China mission to Singapore for two years, starting in April 1986 as the deputy trade representative before being transferred to the mission to Japan in 1990. In a December 1985 speech, Hsiao-wu's father Chiang Ching-kuo declared ��If someone asks me whether anyone in my family would run for the next presidential term, my reply is, ��It can't be and it won't be.′″ Prior to the speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor.\nHe died at the age of 46, on July 1, 1991, at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan as a result of congestive heart failure brought on by chronic inflammation of the pancreas. He was survived by his wife and two children.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wu (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Ji��ng Xiàow��; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 – July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe was president of the state-run Broadcasting Corporation of China from 1980 to 1986, and later headed the Republic of China mission to Singapore for two years, starting in April 1986 as the deputy trade representative before being transferred to the mission to Japan in 1990. In a December 1985 speech, Hsiao-wu's father Chiang Ching-kuo declared ��If someone asks me whether anyone in my family would run for the next presidential term, my reply is, ��It can't be and it won't be.′″ Prior to the speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor.\nHe died at the age of 46, on July 1, 1991, at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan as a result of congestive heart failure brought on by chronic inflammation of the pancreas. He was survived by his wife and two children.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wu (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Ji��ng Xiàow��; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 – July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe was president of the state-run Broadcasting Corporation of China from 1980 to 1986, and later headed the Republic of China mission to Singapore for two years, starting in April 1986 as the deputy trade representative before being transferred to the mission to Japan in 1990. In a December 1985 speech, Hsiao-wu's father Chiang Ching-kuo declared ��If someone asks me whether anyone in my family would run for the next presidential term, my reply is, ��It can't be and it won't be.′″ Prior to the speech, Chiang Hsiao-wu was the only one of Chiang Ching-kuo's sons mentioned as a potential successor.\nHe died at the age of 46, on July 1, 1991, at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan asChiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.Chiang Hsiao-wu (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Ji��ng XiàChiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe was president of the state-run Broadcasting Corporation of China from 1980 to 1986, and later headed the Republic of China mission to Singapore for two years, starting in April 1986 as the deputy trade representative before being transferred to the mission to Japan in ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Chiang Hsiao-wen",
"paragraph_text": "1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whomChiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father. Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: ���������) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.\nHe married Xu Nai Jin (Nancy) (Chinese: ���������) in 1960 and had a daughter, Yomei, in 1961. He suffered brain damage in 1970 while being treated for diabetes. He died of throat cancer on April 14, 1989.\n\n\n== References ==Chiang Hsiao-wen (Chinese: �����文; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna VakhreChiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 –",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the offspring of the father of Chiang Hsiao-wen? | [
{
"id": 124412,
"question": "The father of Chiang Hsiao-wen is whom?",
"answer": "Chiang Ching-kuo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 402641,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Chiang Hsiao-wu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Chiang Hsiao-wu | [
"Alex Chiang"
] | true | Who is the child of Chiang Hsiao-wen's father? |
2hop__551235_310309 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Edwin Lutyens",
"paragraph_text": " Early life ==\nLutyens was born in Kensington, London, the tenth of thirteen children of Mary Theresa Gallwey (1832/33–1906) from Killarney, Ireland, and Captain Charles Augustus Henry Lutyens (1829–1915), a soldier and painter. His sister, Mary Constance Elphinstone Lutyens (1868–1951), wrote novels under her married name of Mrs George Wemyss. He grew up in Thursley, Surrey. He was named after a friend of his father, the painter and sculptor Edwin Henry Landseer. LutyensSir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (; ; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, \"In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior\". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as \"surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century\".Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (; ; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, \"In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior\". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as \"surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century\". any other) century\".\nLutyens played an instrumental role in the construction of New Delhi, which would later on serve as the seat of the Government of India. In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as \"Lutyens' Delhi\". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed the Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.\nMany of his works were inspired by Indian architecture. He was elected Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1933.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nLutyens was born in Kensington, London, the tenth of thirteen children of Mary Theresa Gallwey (1832/33–1906) from Killarney, Ireland, and Captain Charles Augustus Henry Lutyens (1829–1915), a soldier and painter. His sister, Mary Constance Elphinstone Lutyens (1868–1951), wrote novels under her married name of Mrs George Wemyss. He grew up in Thursley, Surrey. He was named after a friend of his father, the painter and sculptor Edwin Henry Landseer. LutyensSir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (; ; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, \"In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior\". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as \"surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century\".Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens ( LUT-yənz; 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944) was an English architect known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses, war memorials and public buildings. In his biography, the writer Christopher Hussey wrote, \"In his lifetime (Lutyens) was widely held to be our greatest architect since Wren if not, as many maintained, his superior\". The architectural historian Gavin Stamp described him as \"surely the greatest British architect of the twentieth (or of any other) century\".\nLutyens played an instrumental role in the construction of New Delhi, which would later on serve as the seat of the Government of India. In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as \"Lutyens' Delhi\". In collaboration with Sir Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed the Viceroy's House, which is now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.\nMany of his works were inspired by Indian architecture. He was elected Master of the Art Workers' Guild in 1933.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nLutyens was born in Kensington, London, the tenth of thirteen children of Mary Theresa Gallwey (1832/33–1906) from Killarney, Ireland",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society",
"paragraph_text": " from drowning, a total of twenty–three times over the course of fourteen years. For this, he was made a distinguished member of the Royal Humane Society, granting him a medal and access to food.\nThe painting was bequeathed to the Tate Collection by Newman Smith in 1887. The painting was damaged in a flood at the London Tate Gallery in 1928, which required extensive restoration work which was funded by the Newfoundland Dog Club of America. Following the restoration work which was coordinated by Ron Pemberton, the painting went on display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art from 2002 to 2005. The painting went on loan to The Kennel Club in 2009 in order to form part of the Pets & Prizewinners exhibition at the Kennel Club Art Gallery in London. Prior to this display, it had been unseen in the UK for over fifty years. The coloration of the breed as featured in the painting has become known as a \"Landseer\".\nA 19th century copy of the painting by George Cole was sold by auctioneers Bonhams for £7,200 in March 2007.\n\n\n== Aesthetics ==\nThe dog is painted against a threatening dull sky, in order to highlight the dog himself with the darkened markings on his head standing out. The dog reclines on a quayside, while water ripples against the sea-wall. The shadow of the dog is cast on his own flank. The painting was described by The Art Journal as being \"one of the best and most interesting publications of the year\", and \"Mr Thomas Landseer's first great effort in this department of the art\".\n\n\n== See also ==\nMonarch of the Glen\nLaying Down The Law\n\n\n== References ==A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society is an 1831 oil on canvas work by English painter Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting a Newfoundland dog. These dogs are recognised in Europe as a breed in their own right, the Landseer E.C.T. named after the painter. The original was damaged in a flood whilst on loan to the Tate Gallery in 1928, and was returned to public view for the first time in 50 years after it was restored in 2009.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe dog in the painting is meant to be \"Bob\", a dog that was found in a shipwreck off the coast of England. The dog found his way to the London waterfront where he became known for saving people from drowning, a total of twenty–three times over the course of fourteen years. For this, he was made a distinguished member of the Royal Humane Society, granting him a medal and access to food.\nThe painting was bequeathed to the Tate Collection by Newman Smith in 1887. The painting was damaged in a flood at the London Tate Gallery in 1928, which required extensive restoration work which was fundedA Distinguished Member of the Humane Society is an 1831 oil on canvas work by English painter Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting a Newfoundland dog. The original was damaged in a flood whilst on loan to the Tate Gallery in 1928, and was returned to public view for the first time in 50 years after it was restored in 2009.AA Distinguished Member of the Humane Society is an 1831 oil on canvas work by English painter Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting a Newfoundland dog. The original was damaged in a flood whilst on loan to the Tate Gallery in 1928, and was returned to public view for the first time in 50 years after it was restored in 2009. 1928, and was returned to public view for the first time in 50 years after it was restored in 2009.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe dog in the painting is meant to be \"Bob\", a dog that was found in a shipwreck off the coast of England. The dog found his way to the London waterfront where he became known for saving people from drowning, a total of twenty–three",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Whose offspring is the person who created A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society? | [
{
"id": 551235,
"question": "A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society >> creator",
"answer": "Edwin Henry Landseer",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 310309,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Edwin Landseer Lutyens",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Edwin Landseer Lutyens | [
"Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens",
"Edwin Lutyens"
] | true | Who is the child of the creator of A Distinguished Member of the Humane Society? |
2hop__580231_162399 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Dahyabhai Patel",
"paragraph_text": " member of the Parliament of India.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nEducated at Bombay, Patel graduated from the Gujarat Vidyapith and began working for Oriental Insurance Company, and settled in Bombay. When he was 27, his first wife Yashoda died, leaving him his son Bipin. He later married Bhanumati and had another son, Gautam. His flat on Sandhurst Road and later Prabhadevi in Bombay was the frequent residence of Sardar Patel.\n\n\n== Career ==\nPatel was a Congressman and was elected member of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation in 1939, where he spent 18 years. Patel participated in the Quit India movement and was imprisoned from 1942 to 1944.\nHe left congress in 1957 over disagreements with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Patel requested to fight the 1957 Lok Sabha elections as a Parishad candidate, but decided against it on rebuke from his sister Maniben Patel. He eventually became the vice president of the Parishad and was elected to Rajya Sabha in 1958.\n\n\n== References ==Dahyabhai Patel (10 November 1905 — 11 August 1973) was the son of Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and a member of the Parliament of India.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nEducated at Bombay, Patel graduated from the Gujarat Vidyapith and began working for Oriental Insurance Company, and settled in Bombay. When he was 27, his first wife Yashoda died, leaving him his son Bipin. He later married Bhanumati and had another son, Gautam. His flat on Sandhurst Road and later Prabhadevi in Bombay was the frequent residence of Sardar Patel.\n\n\n== Career ==\nPatel was a Congressman and was elected member of the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation in 1939, where he spent 18 years. Patel participated in the Quit India movement and was imprisoned from 1942 to 1944.\nHe left congress in 1957 over disagreements with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Patel requested to fight the 1957 Lok Sabha elections as a Parishad candidate, but decided against it on rebuke from his sister Maniben Patel. He eventually became the vice president of the Parishad and was elected to Rajya Sabha in 1958.\n\n\n== References ==DahyabDahyabhai Patel (1906–1973) was the son of Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, an and later a member of the Parliament of India. Educated in Bombay, Dahyabhai Patel graduated from the Gujarat Vidyapith and began working for an insurance company, and settled in Bombay. His first wife Yashoda died, leaving him his son Bipin. He later married Bhanumati and had another son, Gautam. His flat on Sandhurst Road and later Prabhadevi in Bombay was the frequent residence of Sardar Patel. Although primarily a businessman, Patel participated in the Quit India movement and was imprisoned from 1942 to 1944.Dahyabhai Patel (1906–1973) was the son of Indian leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, an and later a member of the Parliament of India. Educated in Bombay, Dahyabhai Patel graduated from the Gujarat Vidyapith and began working for an insurance company, and settled in Bombay. His first wife Yashoda died, leaving him his son Bipin. He later married Bhanumati and had another son, Gautam. His flat on Sandhurst Road and later Prabhadevi in Bombay was the frequent residence of Sardar Patel. Although primarily a businessman, Patel participated in the Quit India movement and was imprisoned from 1942 to 1944.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Vallabhbhai Patel",
"paragraph_text": "Vallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement. of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. One of Mahatma Gandhi's earliest political lieutenants, he organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress. Under the chairmanship of Patel \"Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy\" resolution was passed by the Congress. Patel's position at the highest level in the Congress was largely connected with his role from 1934 onwards (when the Congress abandoned its boycott of elections) in the party organisation. Based at an apartment in Bombay, he became the Congress's main fundraiser and chairman of its Central Parliamentary Board, playing the leading role in selecting and financing candidates for the 1934 elections to the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi and for the provincial elections of 1936. While promoting the Quit India Movement. Patel made a climactic speech to more than 100,000 people gathered at Gowalia Tank in Bombay on 7 August 1942. Historians believe that Patel's speech was instrumental in electrifying nationalists, who up to then had been sceptical of the proposed rebellion. Patel's organising work in this period is credited by historians with ensuring the success of the rebellion across India.\nAs the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. Besides those provinces that had been under direct British rule, approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 30). Patel, together with Jawaharlal Nehru and Louis Mountbatten persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India.\nPatel's commitment to national integration in the newly independent country earned him the sobriquet \"Iron Man of India\". He is also remembered as the \"patron saint of India's civil servants\" for playing a pioneering role in establishing the modern All India Services system. The Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue which was erected by the Indian government at a cost of US$420 million, was dedicated to him on 31 October 2018 and is approximately 182 metres (597 ft) in height.\n\n\n== Early life and background ==\n\nSardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel, one of the six children of Jhaverbhai Patel and Ladba, was born in Nadiad, Gujarat. He followed Vaishnavism and belonged to Pushtimarg sect of Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya and took the diksha from the descendant of Vallabhacharya. Patel's date of birth was never officially recorded; Patel entered it as 31 October on his matriculation examination papers. He belonged to the Patidars, specifically the Leva Patel community of Central Gujarat; although after his fame, both Leva Patel and Kadava Patidar have claimed him as one of their own.\nPatel travelled to attend schools in Nadiad, Petlad, and Borsad, living self-sufficiently with other boys. He reputedly cultivated a stoic character. A popular anecdote recountsVallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the date of death for Dahyabhai Patel's father? | [
{
"id": 580231,
"question": "Dahyabhai Patel >> father",
"answer": "Vallabhbhai Patel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 162399,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "15 December 1950",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 15 December 1950 | [] | true | When did the father of Dahyabhai Patel die? |
3hop1__516535_834494_33939 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trail",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odBy 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Allen, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel.Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since. town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.\nAllen's population was 180 in 1890.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of ghost towns in Arizona\n\n\n== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.\nAllen's population was 180 in 1890.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of ghost towns in Arizona\n\n\n== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 kmAllen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up around it. The hotel, according to sources, served the best liquors in the territory and was also one of the more luxurious hotels on the frontier. The small settlement had the hotel, a half dozen houses, a few tents and a post office established in 1880. Allen no longer had a post office in 1886.\nAllen's population was 180 in 1890.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of ghost towns in Arizona\n\n\n== References ==Allen, also known as Allen City is a ghost town in Pima County in southern Arizona. It was founded fifty miles (80.5 km) southeast of Ajo, c. 1880. By 1886, the post office closed and the town has been abandoned since.\n\n\n== History ==\nAllen was founded by John Brackett Allen, he named his town after himself. The town was near Quijotoa, Allen is on the western side of the Ben Nevis Mountain and Quijotoa is on the east. When American settlers began flocking to Quijotoa, General Brackett was among them who decided he wanted to build a hotel. So, Allen's hotel was built six miles (9.7 km) from Quijotoa and the town of Allen sprang up",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the number of inhabitants in the city located in the same county as Allen in the year 1900? | [
{
"id": 516535,
"question": "Allen >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 33939,
"question": "What was #2 's population in 1900?",
"answer": "7,531",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 7,531 | [] | true | In 1900, what was the population of the city in the same county as Allen? |
2hop__10900_21567 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": "Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18., regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"Black race\" as socially constructed. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified \"black\", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. In the United Kingdom, \"black\" was historically equivalent with \"person of color\", a general term for non-European peoples. While the term \"person of color\" is commonly used and accepted in the United States, the near-sounding term \"colored person\" is considered highly offensive, except in South Africa, where it is a descriptor for a person of mixed race. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the adjective \"black\" to the indigenous population. It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black ****\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, an African American. The ASA Style Guide says that the 'b' should not be capitalized. Some perceive the term 'black' as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result neither use nor define it, especially in African countries with little to no history of colonial racial segregation.\n\n\n== Africa ==\n\n\n=== Northern Africa ===\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others descend from migrants via the historical trans-Saharan trade or, after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, from slaves from the trans-Saharan slave trade in North Africa.\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Warrior King\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered \"black\" have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term \"black\" is used to describe persons who are perceived as dark-skinned compared to other populations. It is most commonly used for people of sub-Saharan African ancestry, Indigenous Australians and Melanesians, though it has been applied in many contexts to other groups, and is no indicator of any close ancestral relationship whatsoever. Indigenous African societies do not use the term black as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures.\nContemporary anthropologists and other scientists, while recognizing the reality of biological variation between different human populations, regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"Black race\" as socially constructed. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified \"black\", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. In the United Kingdom, \"black\" was historically equivalent with \"person of color\", a general term for non-European peoples. While the term \"person of color\" is commonly used and accepted in the United States, the near-sounding term \"colored person\" is considered highly offensive, except in South Africa, where it is a descriptor for a person of mixed race. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the adjective \"black\" to the indigenous population",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Late Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the ReThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).\nAround 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it had been before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the Reformation. Toward the end of the period, the Age of Discovery began. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire cut off trading possibilities with the East. Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the Spanish expedition under Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 and Vasco da Gama's voyage to Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.\nThe changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern history and of early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result, there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.\n\n\n== Historiography and periodization ==\n\nThe term \"late Middle Ages\" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from the Deterioration of the Roman Empire (1439–1453). Tripartite periodization became standard after the German historian Christoph Cellarius published Universal History Divided into an Ancient, Medieval, and New Period (1683).\nFor 18th-century historians studying the 14th and 15th centuries, the central theme was the Renaissance, with its rediscovery of ancient learning and the emergence of an individualThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the ReThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).\nAround 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it had been before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the Reformation. Toward the end of the period, the Age of Discovery began. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire cut off trading possibilities with the East. Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the Spanish expedition under Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 and Vasco da Gama's voyage to Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.\nThe changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern history and of early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result, there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era.\n\n\n== Historiography and periodization ==\n\nThe term \"late Middle Ages\" refers to one of the three periods of the Middle Ages, along with the early Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages. Leonardo Bruni was the first historian to use tripartite periodization in his History of the Florentine People (1442). Flavio Biondo used a similar framework in Decades of History from",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which individual established a 14th-century musical notation system utilized in the region where the Ottoman slavery commerce thrived? | [
{
"id": 10900,
"question": "Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish?",
"answer": "in the Balkans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 21567,
"question": "Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the #1 in the 14th century?",
"answer": "John Kukuzelis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | John Kukuzelis | [] | true | Who introduced a system of musical notation in the 14th century used in the area where the Ottoman slave trade flourished? |
2hop__195917_575657 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "William W. Blair",
"paragraph_text": "Blair was born in Holley, New York. In 1839, his family moved to LaSalle County, Illinois. In 1851, Blair encountered missionaries from the Latter Day Saint movement. On October 8, 1851, Blair was baptized by William Smith, the younger brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Holley, New York",
"paragraph_text": "Holley is a village in the town of Murray in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 1,811 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.Holley is a village in the town of Murray in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 1,811 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.The following is a list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of New York. For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state (through the present day), see United States congressional delegations from New York. The list of names should be complete as of May 6, 2024, but other data may be incomplete.\n\n\n== Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives ==\n\n1st district: Nick LaLota (R) (since 2023)\n2nd district: Andrew Garbarino (R) (since 2021)\n3rd district: Tom Suozzi (D) (since 2024)\n4th district: Anthony D'Esposito (R) (since 2023)\n5th district: Gregory Meeks (D) (since 1998)\n6th district: Grace Meng (D) (since 2013)\n7th district: Nydia Velázquez (D) (since 1993)\n8th district: Hakeem Jeffries (D) (since 2013)\n9th district: Yvette Clarke (D) (since 2007)\n10th district: Dan Goldman (D) (since 2023)\n11th district: Nicole Malliotakis (R) (since 2021)\n12th district: Jerry Nadler (D) (since 1992)\n13th district: Adriano Espaillat (D) (since 2017)\n14th district: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) (since 2019)\n15th district: Ritchie Torres (D) (since 2021)\n16th district: Jamaal Bowman (D) (since 2021)\n17th district: Mike Lawler (R) (since 2023)\n18th district: Pat Ryan (D) (since 2022)\n19th district: Marc Molinaro (R) (since 2023)\n20th district: Paul Tonko (D) (since 2009)\n21st district: Elise Stefanik (R) (since 2015)\n22nd district: Brandon Williams (R) (since 2023)\n23rd district: Nick Langworthy (R) (since 2023)\n24th district: Claudia Tenney (R) (since 2021)\n25th district: Joseph Morelle (D) (since 2018)\n26th district: Tim Kennedy (D) (since 2024)\n\n\n== List of members ==\nThe list of names should be complete, but other data may be incomplete.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nNew York's congressional districts\nUnited States congressional delegations from New York\nList of United States senators from New York\nElections in New York\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBiographical Directory of the U.S. CongressThe following is a list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of New York. For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state (through the present day), see United States congressional delegations from New York. The list of names should be complete as of May 6, 2024, but other data may be incomplete.\n\n\n== Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives ==\n\n1st district: Nick LaLota (R) (since 2023)\n2nd district: Andrew Garbarino (R) (since 2021)\n3rd district: Tom Suozzi (D) (since 2024)\n4th district: Anthony D'Esposito (R) (since 2023)\n5th district: Gregory Meeks (D) (since 1998)\n6th district: Grace Meng (D) (since 2013)\n7th district: Nydia Velázquez (D) (since 1993)\n8th district: Hakeem Jeffries (D) (since 2013)\n9th district: Yvette Clarke (D) (since 2007)\n10th district: Dan Goldman (D) (since 2023)\n11th district: Nicole Malliotakis (R) (since 2021)\n12th district: Jerry Nadler (D) (since 1992)\n13th district: Adriano Espaillat (D) (since 2017)\n14th district: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) (since 2019)\n15th district: Ritchie Torres (D) (since 2021)\n16th district: Jamaal Bowman (D) (since 2021)\n17th district: Mike Lawler (R) (since 2023)\n18th district: Pat Ryan (D) (since 2022)\n19th district: Marc Molinaro (R) (since 2023)\n20th district: Paul Tonko (D) (since 2009)\n21st district: Elise Stefanik (R) (since 2015)\n22nd district: Brandon Williams (R) (since 2023)\n23rd district: Nick Langworthy (R) (since 2023)\n24th district: Claudia Tenney (R) (since 2021)\n25th district: Joseph Morelle (D) (since 2018)\n26th district: Tim Kennedy (D) (since 2024)\n\n\n== List of members ==\nThe list of names should be complete, but other data may be incomplete.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nNew York's congressional districts\nUnited States congressional delegations from New York\nList of United States senators from New York\nElections in New York\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBiographical Directory of the U.S. CongressThe following is a list of members of the United States House of Representatives from the state of New York. For chronological tables of members of both houses of the United States Congress from the state (through the present day), see United States congressional delegations from New York. The list of names should be complete as of May 6, 2024, but other data may be incomplete.\n\n\n== Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives ==\n\n1st district: Nick LaLota (R) (since 2023)\n2nd district: Andrew Garbarino (R) (since 2021)\n3rd district: Tom Suozzi (D) (since 2024)\n4th district: Anthony D'Esposito (R) (since 2023)\n5th district: Gregory Meeks (D) (since 1998)\n6th district: Grace Meng (D) (since 2013)\n7th district: Nydia Velázquez (D) (since 1993)\n8th district: Hakeem Jeffries (D) (since 2013)\n9th district: Yvette Clarke (D) (since 2007)\n10th district: Dan Goldman (D) (since 2023)\n11th district: Nicole Malliotakis (R) (since 2021)\n12th district: Jerry Nadler (D) (since 1992)\n13th district: Adriano Espaillat (D) (since 2017)\n14th district: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D) (since 2019)\n15th district: Ritchie Torres (D) (since 2021)\n16th district: Jamaal Bowman (D) (since 2021)\n17th district: Mike Lawler (R) (since 2023)\n18th district: Pat Ryan (D) (since 2022)\n19th district: Marc Molinaro (R) (since 2023)\n20th district: Paul Tonko (D) (since 2009)\n21st district: Elise Stefanik (R) (since 2015)\n22nd district: Brandon Williams (R) (since 2023)\n23rd district: Nick Langworthy (R) (since 2023)\n24th district: Claudia Tenney (R) (since 2021)\n25th district: Joseph Morelle (D) (since 2018)\n26th district: Tim Kennedy (D) (since 2024)\n\n\n== List of members ==\nThe list of names should be complete, but other data may be incomplete.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nNew York's congressional districts\nUnited States congressional delegations from New York\nList of United States senators from New York\nElections in New York\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBi",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the county of William W. Blair's place of birth? | [
{
"id": 195917,
"question": "William W. Blair >> place of birth",
"answer": "Holley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 575657,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Orleans County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Orleans County | [
"Orleans County, New York"
] | true | In what county is William W. Blair's birthplace located? |
3hop2__851134_326964_7713 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard dropArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kalten",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pfrang Association",
"paragraph_text": ". During the night of 1 April 2000, Pfrang and his family were murdered in their Nanjing residence in a botched robbery attempt by four unemployed men who came to the city from a poorer nearby county. Six weeks later the four criminals were convicted and sentenced to death by the court. The Pfrang Association was set up within the same year by friends of the Pfrang family and other expatriates living in Nanjing.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Pfrang Association is hoping to uphold the name of those who were killed and tries to do so by helping to break the vicious circle of lack of education, unemployment and crime. The association has put their focus on making it financially possible for students to stay in school so that they may grow up, reach their full potential and as a result have many fulfilling opportunities in life. This action is meant to tackle the root of the problem and the association hopes to expand their program every year like they have in the past.\n\n\n== Work ==\nEach year the Pfrang Association holds two major fundraising events, the Pfrang Gala in April and the Pfrang Day in October. Both of these events are held at Nanjing International School and have enjoyed great participation by expatriates living in Nanjing as well as locals.\nIn cooperation with the Amity Foundation, the Pfrang Association has contacted a range of schools in the counties Lianshui, Guanyun and Huai'an in northern Jiangsu Province, and financially supports middle and high school students who are heavily disadvantaged and meet some of the following criteria:\n\nthe per capita income of the applicants household is below the locally defined povertyPfrang Association (also known as Pfrang) is a charitable organization based in Nanjing, China which raises money to assist with the education of children in the poor and rural regions of Jiangsu Province. Its aim is to help overcome social inequality and as a result break the cycle of lack of education, poverty, and crime.PPfrang Association (also known as Pfrang) is a charitable organization based in Nanjing, China which raises money to assist with the education of children in the poor and rural regions of Jiangsu Province. Its aim is to help overcome social inequality and as a result break the cycle of lack of education, poverty, and crime.== History ==\nThe Pfrang Association was established in November 2000 in memory of the deaths of Sandra, Thorsten, Petra and Jürgen Pfrang, inspired by the desire to keep their memories alive in a positive way. Jürgen Pfrang was a German manager working for DaimlerChrysler. During the night of 1 April 2000, Pfrang and his family were murdered in their Nanjing residence in a botched robbery attempt by four unemployed men who came to the city from a poorer nearby county. Six weeks later the four criminals were convicted and sentenced to death by the court. The Pfrang Association was set up within the same year by friends of the Pfrang family and other expatriates living in Nanjing.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Pfrang Association is hoping to uphold the name of those who were killed and tries to do so by helping to break the vicious circle of lack of education, unemployment and crime. The association has put their focus on making it financially possible for students to stay in school so that",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": " Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT661A bus chassis in 1979.\nThe factory was renamed to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory (江��省��州汽车修造��) in 1981, and the first JT663 coach was built and delivered to the Eighth Team of Jiangsu Passenger Transportation Co., Ltd. in February 1981. The JT663 was the first dedicated bus chassis built and the factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Factory (江��省��州客车制造��) in 1985. The companyYaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands.",
"is_supporting": true
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] | For what duration was the Pfrang Association's headquarters located in the same city as Yaxing Coach's main office, which is the capital city? | [
{
"id": 851134,
"question": "Pfrang Association >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #1 been the capital city of #2 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long had Pfrang Association's headquarters location been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location? |
2hop__45296_83837 | [
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Home Alone Tonight",
"paragraph_text": " progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Home Alone Tonight\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former lovers together.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nAn uncredited review from Taste of Country was favorable, stating that it \"features more progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Home Alone Tonight\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former lovers together.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nAn uncredited review from Taste of Country was favorable, stating that it \"features more progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Home Alone Tonight\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nB``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Someone Else Calling You Baby",
"paragraph_text": "``Someone Else Calling You Baby ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in August 2010 as the third and final single from his album Doin 'My Thing. The song became his second number one hit on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in February 2011.``Someone Else Calling You Baby ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in August 2010 as the third and final single from his album Doin 'My Thing. The song became his second number one hit on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in February 2011.\"Someone Else Calling You Baby\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in August 2010 as the third and final single from his 2009 album Doin' My Thing. The song became Bryan's second number one hit on the US Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in February 2011. Bryan wrote this song with Jeff Stevens.\n\n\n== Content ==\n\"Someone Else Calling You Baby\" is a moderate uptempo tune mainly accompanied by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator sees his lover in someone else's truck and wonders if she has left him for someone else.\nThis song is set in the key of A�� major, with a tempo of approximately 115 beats per minute. Bryan's vocals range from C4 to F5.\n\n\n==",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the featured artist performing with the vocalist of Someone Else Calling You Baby in the track titled Home Alone Tonight? | [
{
"id": 45296,
"question": "who sings is someone else calling you baby",
"answer": "Luke Bryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 83837,
"question": "who sings home alone tonight with #1",
"answer": "Karen Fairchild",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Karen Fairchild | [] | true | Who duets with the singer of Someone Else Calling You Baby on the song Home Alone Tonight? |
3hop1__127821_157828_239539 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Olivera Marković",
"paragraph_text": "2010 at the age of 88. She died ten months later.\nDušan Bulajić (date unknown – 3 June 1995) Her second marriage. They were married until his death at the age of 63.\nShe died in 2011 at the age of eighty-six of cancer.\n\n\n== Selected filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOlivera Marković at IMDbOlivera Marković (née Đorđević; Serbian Cyrillic: Оливера Маркови��; 3 May 1925 – 2 July 2011) was a Serbian actress. She appeared in 170 films and television shows between 1946 and 2005. She won the Golden Arena for Best Actress in 1964 for her role in Službeni položaj.\n\n\n== Life ==\nOlivera married twice:\n\nRade Marković (5 November 1945 – 15 November 1964): They divorced after nineteen years of marriage. They had one child during that marriage (a son named Goran, born 24 August 1946). Rade died on 10 September 2010 at the age of 88. She died ten months later.\nDušan Bulajić (date unknown – 3 June 1995) Her second marriage. They were married until his death at the age of 63.\nShe died in 2011 at the age of eighty-six of cancer.\n\n\n== Selected filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\nOlivera Marković (née Đorđević; ; 3 May 1925 – 2 July 2011) was a Serbian actress. She appeared in 170 films and television shows between 1946 and 2005. She won the Golden Arena for Best Actress in 1964 for her role in \"Službeni položaj\". for her role in Službeni položaj.\n\n\n== Life ==\nOlivera married twice:\n\nRade Marković (5 November 1945 – 15 November 1964): They divorced after nineteen years of marriage. They had one child during that marriage (a son named Goran, born 24 August 1946). Rade died on 10 September 2010",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Media in Pristina",
"paragraph_text": " Pristina.\nRadio Television of Kosova (RTK) is the only public broadcaster both in Pristina and in all of Kosova as well, who continues to be financed directly by the state. All of the daily newspapers in Pristina have a readership throughout Kosova.\nAn important event which affected the development of the media, is that in University of Pristina since 200Media in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates,advertisements and political parties programs. based in Pristina.\nThe television industry developed in Pristina and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major broadcast networks, RTK, RTV21, KTV and Klan Kosova, are all headquartered in Pristina.\nRadio Television of Kosova (RTK",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Serbian language",
"paragraph_text": " Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.SSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, andSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian.\nSerbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian (latinica) was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSerbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a Slavic language (Indo-European), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian, Croatian, and Montenegrin. \"An examination of all the major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system.\" It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian, than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian).\n\n\n== Geographic distribution ==\nSpeakers by country:\n\nSerbia: 6,540,699 (official language)\nBosnia and Herzegovina: 1,086,027 (co-official language)\nGermany: 568,240\nAustria: 350,000\nMontenegro: 265,890 (language in official use)\nSwitzerland: 186,000\nUnited States: 172,874\nSweden: 120,000\nItaly: 106,498\nKosovo: est. 70.000–100.000 (co-official language)\nCanada: 72,690\nAustralia: 55,114\nCroatia: 52,879 (recognized minority language)\nSlovenia: 38,964\nNorth Macedonia: 24,773 (recognized minority language)\nRomania: 22,518 (recognized minority language)\n\n\n=== Status in Montenegro ===\nSerbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin was made the sole official language of the country, and Serbian was given the status of a language in official use along with Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian.\nIn the 2011 Montenegrin census, 42.88% declared Serbian to be their native language, while Montenegrin was declared by 36.97% of the population.\n\n\n== Differences between standard Serbian and standard Croatian and Bosnian ==\n\n\n== Writing system ==\n\nStandard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic (��ирилица, ćirilica) and Latin script (latinica, латиница). Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia, a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or the other. In general, the alphabets are used interchangeably; except in the legal sphere, where Cyrillic is required, there is no context where one alphabet or another predominates.\nAlthough Serbian language authorities have recognized the official status of both scripts in contemporary Standard Serbian for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, the Cyrillic script was made the official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution.\nThe Latin script continues to be used in official contexts, although the government has indicated its desire to phase out this practice due to national sentiment. The Ministry of Culture believes that Cyrillic is the \"identity script\" of the Serbian nation.\nHowever, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means, leaving the choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.), except in government paperwork production and in official written communication with state officials, which have to be in Cyrillic.\n\n\n=== Usage ===\nTo most Serbians, the Latin script tends to imply a cosmopolitan or neutral attitude, while Cyrillic appeals to a more traditional or vintage sensibility.\nIn media, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia, predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink, predominantly use the Latin script. Newspapers can be found in both scripts.\nIn the public sphere, with logos, outdoor signage and retail packaging, the Latin script predominates, although both scripts are commonly seen. The Serbian government has encouraged increasing the use of Cyrillic in these contexts. Larger",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the location of the main office for the country's Radio and Television network, where one of its official languages is that of Olivera Markovic? | [
{
"id": 127821,
"question": "What language is Olivera Marković in?",
"answer": "Serbian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 157828,
"question": "#1 is the co-official language of what country?",
"answer": "Kosovo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 239539,
"question": "Radio Television of #2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Pristina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Pristina | [] | true | Where is the headquarters of Radio Television of this country that has a co-official language that is the same as the language of Olivera Markovic? |
3hop1__76377_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "List of best-selling automobiles",
"paragraph_text": " was manufactured. Although the Model T has subsequently been credited with 16.5 million units sold, the error is inconsequential in light of the Beetle reaching 21 million. The Model T was eventually surpassed within Ford by the Ford F-Series, a pickup truck that is directly descended from the Model T roadster pickup.\nThe Beetle remained the bestselling vehicle in the car industry until the late 1990s, when it was overtaken by the Toyota Corolla, due to the Corolla's good fuel mileage. However, this was an example of the modern practice of applying a brand name across a wide range of vehicles, and retaining it for marketing purposes even as the car changes drastically. While the first Corolla in 1966 was rear-wheel drive and rode on a 2286 mm wheelbase, the current hybrid and all-wheel drive models share a 2640 mm wheelbase and use a mechanically unrelated platform. Sales of the Beetle were also surpassed by its successor, the Volkswagen Golf.\nThe original model Lada produced by AvtoVAZ of Russia, is the most numerous vehicle ever marketed without any major design change during its production history, with over 20 million units sold between 1970 and mid-2012. The Lada, sometimes known as the \"Classic\" in the West, was originally based on the 1960s Fiat 124 but mechanically upgraded to cope with poor roads and harsh climates. Between 1970 and 1979, some 5 million cars had been produced. These were marketed as the VAZ-2101 (1200 sedan), VAZ-210While references to verify the manufacturers' claims have been included, there is always the possibility of inaccuracy or hyperbole. Also note that a single vehicle can be sold concurrently under several nameplates in different markets, as with for example the Nissan Sunny; in such circumstances manufacturers often provide only cumulative units sold figures for all models. As a result, there is no definitive standard for measuring units sold; Volkswagen has claimed its Beetle as the bestselling car in history as it did not substantially change throughout its production run. By contrast, Toyota has applied the Corolla nameplate to 11 generations since 1966, which have sold over 40 million through July 2013.SinceWhile references to verify the manufacturers' claims have been included, there is always the possibility of inaccuracy or hyperbole. Also note that a single vehicle can be sold concurrently under several nameplates in different markets, as with for example the Nissan Sunny; in such circumstances manufacturers often provide only cumulative units sold figures for all models. As a result, there is no definitive standard for measuring units sold; Volkswagen has claimed its Beetle as the bestselling car in history as it did not substantially change throughout its production run. By contrast, Toyota has applied the Corolla nameplate to 11 generations since 1966, which have sold over 40 million through July 2013. history, as it did not substantially change throughout its production run. By contrast, Toyota has applied the Corolla nameplate to 12 generations since 1966, which have sold over 50 million through 2021.\n\n\n== World's bestsellers ==\nFour cars have been widely acknowledged as the \"bestselling automobile in the world\" since Ford built its millionth Model T on December 10, 1915. The Model T itself remained the highest seller until forty five years after production ceased in 1927. On February 17, 1972 Volkswagen claimed that the Ford had been surpassed by the Beetle, when the 15,007,034th was manufactured. Although the Model T has subsequently been credited with 16.5 million units sold, the error is inconsequential in light of the Beetle reaching 21 million. The Model T was eventually surpassed within Ford by the Ford F-Series, a pickup truck that is directly descended from the Model T roadster pickup.\nThe Beetle remained the bestselling vehicle in the car industry until the late 1990s, when it was overtaken by the Toyota Corolla, due to the Corolla's good fuel mileage. However, this was an example of the modern practice of applying a brand name across a wide range of vehicles, and retaining it for marketing purposes even as the car changes drastically. While the first Corolla in 1966 was rear-wheel drive and rode on a 2286 mm wheelbase, the current hybrid and all-wheel drive models share a 2640 mm wheelbase and use a mechanically unrelated platform. Sales of the Beetle were also surpassed by its successor, the Volkswagen Golf.\nThe original model Lada produced by AvtoVAZ of Russia, is the most numerous vehicle ever marketed without any major design change during its production history, with over 20 million units sold between 1970 and mid-2012. The Lada, sometimes known as the \"Classic\" in the West, was originally based on the 1960s Fiat 124 but mechanically upgraded to cope with poor roads and harsh climates. Between 1970 and 1979, some 5 million cars had been produced. These were marketed as the VAZ-2101 (1200 sedan), VAZ-210While references to verify the manufacturers' claims have been included, there is always the possibility of inaccuracy or hyperbole. Also note that a single vehicle can be sold concurrently under several nameplates in different markets, as with for example the Nissan Sunny; in such circumstances manufacturers often provide only cumulative units sold figures for all models. As a result, there is no definitive standard for measuring units sold; Volkswagen has claimed its Beetle as the bestselling car in history as it did not substantially change throughout its production run. By contrast, Toyota has applied the Corolla nameplate to 11 generations since 1966, which have sold over 40 million through July 2013.Since the introduction of the Benz Patent Motorwagen in 1886, some passenger cars and light trucks can claim to being the highest selling vehicles in the automobile markets.\nWhile references to verify the manufacturers' claims have been included, there is always the possibility of inaccuracy or hyperbole. A single vehicle can be sold concurrently under several nameplates in different markets, as with for example the Nissan",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 17,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to include Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa. In March 1974, OAPEC lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflict ===\nEver since Israel declared independence in 1948 there was conflict between Arabs and Israelis in the Middle East, including several wars. The Suez Crisis, also known as the Second Arab–Israeli war, was sparked by Israel's southern port of Eilat being blocked by Egypt, which also nationalized the Suez Canal belonging to French and British investors. As a result of the war, the Suez Canal was closed for several months between 1956 and 1957.\nThe Six-Day War of 1967 included an Israeli invasion of the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, which resulted in Egypt closing the Suez Canal for eight years. Following the Yom Kippur War, the canal was cleared in 1974 and opened again in 1975. OAPEC countries cut production of oil and placed an embargo on oil exports to the United States after Richard Nixon requested $2.2 billion to support Israel's war effort. Nevertheless, the embargo lasted only until January 1974, though the price of oil remained high afterwards.\n\n\n=== American production decline ===\nBy 1969, American domestic output of oil was peaking and could not keep pace with increasing demand fromSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": "A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the body style of the rx 350 altered by the luxury segment of the most popular automobile brand? | [
{
"id": 76377,
"question": "what is the top selling brand of car",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | [] | true | When did the luxury division of the top selling car brand change the body style of the rx 350? |
3hop1__79039_131926_87157 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Jucy Lucy",
"paragraph_text": ". One account claims it preceded his purchase of the bar in the 1950s, but that Bristol formally added it to the menu and thus popularized it. Another version is that the burger was invented by a customer in 1954 who remarked \"Oooh, that's one juicy lucy!\" after biting into it. The 5-8 Club does not provide a particular origin story, but the bar itself was originally a speakeasy dating to the 1920s.\nThe two bars offer slightly different versions of the burger. One difference is the spelling: Matt's removes the letter \"i\" in \"Juicy\" (supposedly an inadvertent misspelling dating to the burger's creation), while the 5-8 Club utilizes the normal spelling. Shirts worn by staff at the 5-8 Club have the motto \"if it's spelled right, it's done right\" while advertising for Matt's Bar says \"Remember, if it is spelled correctly, you are eating a shameless rip-off!\" The 5-8 Club offers several different cheese options for their version while the version at Matt's only contains American cheese.\n\nThe rivalry between both bars and their interpretations is longstanding, but has gained more exposure since receiving a mention in Time in 2008 and being featured on food-related television shows such as Man v. Food and Food Wars. In 2014, President Barack Obama visited Matt's and had a Jucy Lucy, prompting the 5-8 Club to offer him one of theirs.\nIn 2018, the editors of the Thrillist wrote that \"The Jucy Lucy is ... an important milestone in the evolution of hamburgers themselves, leading the charge for industrious chefs (and more than a few infomercial entrepreneurs) to begin stuffing their burgers.\"\n\n\n== Preparation ==\n\nThe burger is prepared by putting cheese between two patties of meat, then sealing both patties around the cheese to create a single patty with a cheese core. As the burger cooks, the cheese inside melts. This has the effect of keeping the meat near the center of the burger very juicy. It also separates the cheese from the bun, resulting in a slightly different texture than the usual cheeseburger. Burger toppings such as condiments, onions, and pickles may be added.\n\n\n== Other variations ==\nVariations of the burger at other area restaurants are encouraged rather than quashed. Most use the same basic preparation procedures but offer different variations in terms of toppings, the burger's filling, and any accompaniments.\nSeveral restaurants aside from Matt's and the 5-8 Club offer their own versions of the burger, each claiming that theirs is superior. Some of the best known are Blue Door Pub and The Nook. In 2018, Bon Appétit magazine declared the best Juicy Lucy in Minneapolis and neighbouring Saint Paul to be the one served at The Nook.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of hamburgers\nList of regional dishes of the United States\nList of stuffed dishes\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Jucy Lucy at Wikimedia CommonsA Jucy Lucy (or Juicy Lucy) is a stuffed cheeseburger with the cheese inside of the meat instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese. It is a popular, regional cuisine in Minnesota, particularly in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to have invented the burger, while other local bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations of the style.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nTwo bars about three miles (5 km) from each other on Cedar Avenue in South Minneapolis both claim to have invented the burger: Matt's Bar and the 5-8 Club. Matt's credits the bar's former owner (and namesake) Matt Bristol. One account claims it preceded his purchase of the bar in the 1950s, but that Bristol formally added it to the menu and thus popularized it. Another version is that the burger was invented by a customer in 1954 who remarked \"Oooh, that's one juicy lucy!\" after biting into it. The 5-8 Club does not provide a particular origin story, but the bar itself was originally a speakeasyA Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventorA Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventor of the burger, though other bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations on the style. other local bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations of the style.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nTwo bars about three miles (5 km) from each other on Cedar Avenue in South Minneapolis both claim to have invented the burger: Matt's Bar and the 5-8 Club. Matt's credits the bar's former owner (and namesake) Matt Bristol. One account claims it preceded his purchase of the bar in the 1950s, but that Bristol formally added it to the menu and thus popularized it. Another version is that the burger was invented by a customer in 1954 who remarked \"Oooh, that's one juicy lucy!\" after biting into it. The 5-8 Club does not provide a particular origin story, but the bar itself was originally a speakeasy dating to the 1920s.\nThe two bars offer slightly different versions of the burger. One",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": " for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory, due to the river's strategic importance to the Confederate war effort. Because of the substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that replaced steamboats, the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees, locks and dams, often built in combination. A major focus of this work has been to prevent the lower Mississippi from shifting into the channel ofThe Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural and urban civilizations. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served sometimes as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and throughout as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny, the Mississippi and several tributaries, most notably its largest, the Ohio and Missouri, formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primaryMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which way does the water body near where the Juicy Lucy was created flow? | [
{
"id": 79039,
"question": "where is the home of the juicy lucy",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 87157,
"question": "what is the direction of flow of #2",
"answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards | [
"Minnesota",
"MN"
] | true | What is the direction of flow of the body of water by the home of the juicy lucy? |
3hop1__540585_568433_51423 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids",
"paragraph_text": " and 2, Caroly Larson in Season 3 in the Canadian version and Maria Darling in the UK version) is an adoptee, adopted by Betty Beetle when her biological mother abandoned her before she hatched and Holley's wife. Miss Spider tries to be a kind and caring mother and gives equal time to all of her many children. She strongly believes that \"We have to be good to bugs, all bugs.\"\nSquirt (voiced by Scott Beaudin in the Canadian version and Joanna Ruiz in the UK version) is a curious and adventurous green spider. Squirt is considered to be the leader of the children and as such, more stories that focus on him than any other. He enjoys surfing the air on his webs, dreams of flying like Shimmer or Dragon, and is often ready to take the lead in an adventure. Because of his impulsive and curious personality, he often needs the advice of his parents to help him with situations.\nShimmerMiss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids is a 2003 American-Canadian computer-animated television special from Nelvana that premiered on Treehouse TV and Nick Jr. on March 31, 2003. It was based on David Kirk's book series of the same name and serves as the pilot to the show \"Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends\". Voices included Brooke Shields, Rick Moranis and Tony Jay. The characters are CGI animated insects and arachnids in a relatively natural setting, but with anthropomorphic qualities appropriate for a children's story.MMiss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids is a 2003 American-Canadian computer-animated television special from Nelvana that premiered on Treehouse TV and Nick Jr. on March 31, 2003. It was based on David Kirk's book series of the same name and serves as the pilot to the show \"Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends\". Voices included Brooke Shields, Rick Moranis and Tony Jay. The characters are CGI animated insects and arachnids in a relatively natural setting, but with anthropomorphic qualities appropriate for a children's story. on Nick Jr. 44 episodes were produced.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe show takes place in \"Sunny Patch\" (a tiny town made of common forest items), populated by anthropomorphic bugs, and primarily focuses on the Spider family. The episodes follow the children's adventures playing in Sunny Patch and learning life lessons, such as being kind to others, being imaginative, having responsibility, and being curious about the world around them.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== Characters ==\n\n\n=== Main ===\nMiss Spider (voiced by Kristin Davis in Seasons 1 and 2, Caroly Larson in Season 3 in the Canadian version and Maria Darling in the UK version) is an adoptee, adopted by Betty Beetle when her biological mother abandoned her before she hatched and Holley's wife. Miss Spider tries to be a kind and caring mother and gives equal time to all of her many children. She strongly believes that \"We have to be good to bugs, all bugs.\"\nSquirt (voiced by Scott Beaudin in the Canadian version and Joanna Ruiz in the UK version) is a curious and adventurous green spider. Squirt is considered to be the leader of the children and as such, more stories that focus on him than any other. He enjoys surfing the air on his webs, dreams of flying like Shimmer or Dragon, and is often ready to take the lead in an adventure. Because of his impulsive and curious personality, he often needs the advice of his parents to help him with situations.\nShimmerMiss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids is a 2003 American-Canadian computer-animated television special from Nelvana that premiered on Treehouse TV and Nick Jr. on March 31, 2003. It was based",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Natalie Turner",
"paragraph_text": " assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.\n\n\n== References ==\nKeith Moreau, VAB hosting animation sessions. Brampton ON: The Brampton Guardian October 19, 2005.Natalie Turner is a Canadian animator, effects animator, and animation professor.\nTurner's career started in 1989, when she was hired by Sullivan Bluth Studios as a special effects assistant, working on animated feature films A Troll in Central Park and Rock-A-Doodle. She then moved on to Nelvana in 1991, to work as a character assistant for the television series Rupert and the Cloud Pilot.\nFrom Nelvana, Turner moved on to feature films, working as a character assistant on Titan AE, and an effect assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.\n\n\n== References ==\nKeith Moreau, VAB hosting animation sessions. Brampton ON: The Brampton Guardian October 19, 200Turner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.-Doodle. She then moved on to Nelvana in 1991, to work as a character assistant for the television series Rupert and the Cloud Pilot.\nFrom Nelvana, Turner moved on to feature films, working as a character assistant on Titan AE, and an effect assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the membersCasa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.\nThe band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard \"Sunrise Serenade\" in 1938 with Frankie Carle on piano.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collective group, as opposed to almost all other bands that had a \"leader\" for whom everyone worked, the band maintained a stable collection of personnel that varied little. Members who broke the rules could be summoned before the \"board\", have their contract bought out, and be ejected from the band.\nThe band was led for the first few years by violinist Hank",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the castle called in the city that hosts the headquarters of the manufacturing firm for Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids? | [
{
"id": 540585,
"question": "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids >> production company",
"answer": "Nelvana",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 568433,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle in the city where the headquarters of the production company of Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids is located? |
3hop1__106313_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East TimThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica Regency, with its capital at Liquica, consisted of Liquica, Bazar-Tete, and Maubara districts.\nErmera Regency, with its capital at Gleno, consisted of Ermera, Atsabe, Hatolia, LetDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.\nAfter the re-establishment of the independence of East Timor in 2002, the East Timorese government requested that the name Timor-Leste be used in place of \"East Timor\". This is to avoid the Indonesian term and its reminder of the Indonesian occupation.\n\n\n== Government ==\nAs with all provinces of Indonesia, executive authority was vested in a Governor and Vice-Governor elected by the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) every five years. Legislative authority was vested in the DPRD, both in province and regency level.\n\n\n=== Governors ===\n\nBelow are governors of East Timor Province from 1976 to 1999:\n\n\n=== Regional Representative Council ===\nComposition of the Regional Representative Council between 1980 and 1999:\n\n\n== Government and administrative divisions ==\n\nThe province was divided into thirteen regencies (kabupaten) and one administrative city (kota",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Opor",
"paragraph_text": " name is sometimes spelled Opour, Opor or Upor. It can refer to:\n\nApor (chieftain), a 10th-century Hungarian tribal leader\nApor family, a family of ancient Transylvanian and Hungarian nobility (named Apor von Altorja, Apor von Zalán)\nApor Péc (died 1307), Hungarian baron and landownerApor is a Hungarian name. In older sources, the name is sometimes spelled Opour, Opor or Upor. It can refer to:\n\nApor (chieftain), a 10th-century Hungarian tribal leader\nApor family, a family of ancient Transylvanian and Hungarian nobility (named Apor von Altorja, Apor von Zalán)\nApor Péc (died 1307), Hungarian baron and landownerApor is a Hungarian name. In older sources, the name is sometimesOpor is a type of dish cooked and braised in coconut milk from Indonesia, especially from Central Java. In Indonesia the term opor refer to the method of cooking in coconut milk. Opor is a popular dish for \"lebaran\" or Eid ul-Fitr, usually eaten with ketupat and \"sambal goreng ati\" (beef liver in sambal). In Yogyakarta chicken or egg opor often eaten with gudeg and rice.AOpor is a type of dish cooked and braised in coconut milk from Indonesia, especially from Central Java. In Indonesia the term opor refer to the method of cooking in coconut milk. Opor is a popular dish for \"lebaran\" or Eid ul-Fitr, usually eaten with ketupat and \"sambal goreng ati\" (beef liver in sambal). In Yogyakarta chicken or egg opor often eaten with gudeg and rice.. In older sources, the name is sometimes spelled Opour, Opor or Upor. It can refer to:\n\nApor (chieftain), a 10th-century Hungarian tribal leader\nApor family, a family of ancient Transylvanian and Hungarian nobility (named Apor von Altorja, Apor von Zalán)\nApor Péc (died 1307), Hungarian baron and landownerApor is a Hungarian name. In older sources, the name is sometimes spelled Opour, Opor or Upor. It can refer to:\n\nApor (chieftain), a 10th-century Hungarian tribal leader\nApor family, a family of ancient Transylvanian and Hungarian nobility (named Apor von Altorja, Apor von Zalán)\nApor Péc (died 1307), Hungarian baron and landownerApor is a Hungarian name. In older sources, the name is sometimes spelled Op",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds the presidency in the recently proclaimed sovereign nation that contributes to the Truth and Friendship Commission associated with the birthplace of Opor? | [
{
"id": 106313,
"question": "What country did Opor originate?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where Opor originated? |
3hop2__127483_125104_10557 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years'Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Rotrude",
"paragraph_text": "otrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (c.775 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nFew clear records remain of Rotrude's early life. She was educated in the Palace School by Alcuin, who affectionately calls her Columba in his letters to her. When she was six, her father betrothed her to the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI, whose mother Irene was ruling as regent. The Greeks called her Erythro (��ρυθρ��) and sent a scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners. However, the alliance fell apart by 786 when she was eleven and Constantine's mother, Irene, broke the engagement in 788.\nEither shortly before or after the dissolution of the engagement, King Charles declared that he would never allow any of his daughters to marry - so Rotrude and her sisters Beatrude (sometimes called Beatris or Berta) and Gisella never wed. They remained as companions and counselors to their father - dining with him, traveling and studying with him. They each took lovers and had children, however.\nRotrude had a relationship with Rorgo of Rennes and had one son with him, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis (800 – 9 January 867). She never married.\n\n\n== Later life ==\nRotrude eventually became a nun, joining her aunt Gisela, abbess of Chelles. The two women authored a letter to Alcuin of York, who was at Tours at the time, requesting that he write a commentary explaining the Gospel of John. As a result, Alcuin eventually produced his seven-book Commentaria in Iohannem Evangelistam, a more accessible companion to the gospel than St. Augustine's massive and challenging Tractatus in St. John. Commentators have dated the letter to the spring of 800, four years before Alcuin's death and ten before Rotrude's.\nIn contemporary views of history, most scholars discriminate between the two phases of Rotrude's life. Political histories of her father Charlemagne discuss her as a princess who was potentially a pawn and a woman of questionable morals, while religious histories discuss her as the second nun in the letter from Chelles.\n\n\n== Ancestry ==\n\n\n== References ==Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (c.775 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nFew clear records remain of Rotrude's early life. She was educated in the Palace School by Alcuin, who affectionately calls her Columba in his letters to her. When she was six, her father betrothed her to the Byzantine emperor Constantine VIRotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (775/778 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (775/778 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hru",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Auctor",
"paragraph_text": " a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious \"power of command\" of heroic Roman figures.\nNoble women could also achieve a degree of auctoritas. For example, the wives, sisters, and mothers of the Julio-Claudians had immense influence on society, the masses, and the politicalAuctor is Latin for author or originator. The term is used in Scholasticism for a \"renowned scholar\", and in biological taxonomy for the scientist describing a species or other taxon. The term is widely replaced by author in English-language works.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | During the time of Rotrude's father, who was later known by a different name, what language was Auctor derived from? | [
{
"id": 127483,
"question": "In what language is Auctor?",
"answer": "Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 125104,
"question": "Who was Rotrude's father?",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the language Auctor comes from during the era of Rotrude's father later known as? |
3hop1__857_846_7713 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of the eye or knot of the noose (so that the head was jerked back as the rope tightened) contributed to breaking the neck.\nPrior to 1892, the drop was between four and ten feet (about one to three metres), depending on the weight of the body, and was calculated to deliver an energy of 1,260 foot-pounds force (1,710 J), which fractured the neck at either the 2nd and 3rd or 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. This force resulted in some decapitations, such as the infamous case of Black Jack Ketchum in New Mexico Territory in 1901, owing to a significant weight gain while in custody not having been factored into the drop calculations. Between 1892 and 1913, the length of the drop was shortened to avoid decapitation. After 1913, other factors were also taken into account, and the energy delivered was reduced to about 1,000 foot-pounds force (1,400 J).\n\nThe decapitation of Eva Dugan during a botched hanging in 1930 led the state of Arizona to switch to the gas chamber as its primary execution method, on the grounds that it was believed more humane. One of the more recent decapitations as a result of the long drop occurred when Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was hanged in Iraq in 2007. Accidental decapitation also occurred during the 1962 hanging of Arthur Lucas, one of the last two individuals to be put to death in Canada.\nNazis executed under British jurisdiction, including Josef Kramer, Fritz Klein, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, were hanged by Albert Pierrepoint using the variable-drop method devised by Marwood. The record speed for a British long-drop hanging was seven seconds from the executioner entering the cell to the drop. Speed was considered to be important in the British system as it reduced the condemned's mental distress.\nLong-drop hanging is still practiced as the method of execution in a few countries, including Japan and Singapore.\n\n\n== As suicide ==\n\nHanging is a common suicide method. The materials necessary for suicide by hanging are readily available to the average person, compared with firearms or poisons. Full suspension is not required, and for this reason, hanging is especially commonplace among suicidal prisoners (see suicide watch). A type of hanging comparable to full suspension hanging may be obtained by self-strangulation using a ligature around the neck and the partial weight of the body (partial suspension) to tighten the ligature. When a suicidal hanging involves partial suspension the deceased is found to have both feet touching the ground, e.g., they are kneeling, crouching or standing. Partial suspension or partial weight-bearing on the ligature is sometimes used, particularly in prisons, mental hospitals or other institutions, where full suspension support is difficult to devise, because high ligature points (e.g., hooks or pipes) have been removed.\nIn Canada, hanging is the most common method of suicide, and in the U.S., hanging is the second most common method, after self-inflicted gunshot wounds. In the United Kingdom, where firearms are less easily available, in 2001 hanging was the most common method among men and the second most commonplace among women (after poisoning).\nThose who survive a suicide-via-hanging attempt, whether due to breakage of the cord or ligature point, or being discovered and cut down, face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain damage), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture (which may cause paralysis), tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid artery injury.\n\n\n== As human sacrifice ==\nThere are some suggestions that the Vikings practiced hanging as human sacrifices to Odin, to honour Odin's own sacrifice of hanging himself from Yggdrasil. In Northern Europe, it is widely speculated that the Iron Age bog bodies, many who show signs of having been hanged were examples of human sacrifice to the gods.\n\n\n== Medical effects ==\n\nA hanging may induce one or more of the following medical conditions, some leading to death:\n\nClosure of carotid arteries causing cerebral hypoxia\nClosure of the jugular veins\nBreaking of the neck (cervical fracture) causing traumatic spinal cord injury or even unintended decapitation\nClosure of the airway\nThe cause of death in hanging depends on the conditions related to the event. When the body is released from a relatively high position, the major cause of death is severe trauma to theArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nInDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The YongleThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the duration for which Yangzhou, the city that received the edict from Yongle Emperor and welcomed its leader, served as the capital city? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of Yangzhou?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long was the city where the Yongle Emperor greeted the leader that the edict was addressed to, the capital city of Yangzhou? |
4hop1__636860_49925_13759_736921 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "though there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter WalAlthough there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Abraham Shimonaya",
"paragraph_text": " this period, and Abraham Shimonaya was consecrated a bishop in 1883 and appointed natar kursya (guardian of the throne, i.e. designated successor).\nIn the first decade of the twentieth century the Chaldean Catholic Church made aMar Abraham Shimonaya (or \"Shem'onaya\", circa 1862–1915) was a Bishop of the Assyrian Church of the East who converted to Catholicism in 1903 and joined the Chaldean Catholic Church. Between 1903 and his death in 1915 he was bishop of the Chaldean diocese of Hakkari.Mar Abraham ShMar Abraham Shimonaya (or \"Shem'onaya\", circa 1862–1915) was a Bishop of the Assyrian Church of the East who converted to Catholicism in 1903 and joined the Chaldean Catholic Church. Between 1903 and his death in 1915 he was bishop of the Chaldean diocese of Hakkari.an diocese of Hakkari.\n\n\n== Life ==\nAbraham Shimonaya, son of Marta, was a nephew of the Nestorian patriarch Shem��on XVII Abraham (1820–61) and a cousin of his successor Shem��on XVIII Rubil (1861–1903). The patriarchal succession in the Kochanes patriarchate was hereditary at this period, and Abraham Shimonaya was consecrated a bishop in 1883 and appointed natar kursya (guardian of the throne, i.e. designated successor).\nIn the first decade of the twentieth century the Chaldean Catholic Church made aMar Abraham Shimonaya (or \"Shem'onaya\", circa 1862–1915) was a Bishop of the Assyrian Church of the East who converted to Catholicism in 1903 and joined the Chaldean Catholic Church. Between 1903 and his death in 1915 he was bishop of the Chaldean diocese of Hakkari.Mar Abraham Shimonaya (or Shem'onaya, c.��1862 –",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "ception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and vDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death: Protestants hold less exalted views of Mary's role, often based on a perceived lack of biblical support for many traditional Christian dogmas pertaining to her.\nThe multiple forms of Marian devotions include various prayers and hymns, the celebration of several Marian feast days in liturgy, the veneration of images and relics, the construction of churches dedicated to her and pilgrimages to Marian shrines. Many Marian apparitions and miracles attributed to her intercession have been reported by believers over the centuries. She has been a traditional subject in arts, notably in Byzantine art, medieval art and Renaissance art.\n\n\n== Names and titles ==\n\nMary's name in the original manuscripts of the New Testament was based on her original Aramaic name מרי��, transliterated as Maryam or Mariam. The English name Mary comes from the Greek ��αρία, a shortened form of the name ��αριάμ. Both ��αρία and ��αριάμ appear in the New Testament.\n\n\n=== In Christianity ===\nIn Christianity, Mary is commonly referred to as the Virgin Mary, in accordance with the belief that the Holy Spirit impregnated her, thereby conceDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Wittenberg (district)",
"paragraph_text": " Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in Saxony. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27 municipalities from the former district Anhalt-Zerbst were added to the district of Wittenberg.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe area of the district is 1,933.3 km2 (746.5 sq mi).Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) An",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which German state did the German priest, advocating for the reform of Abraham Shimonaya's religious faith, deliver a sermon on Marian worship shortly before his demise? | [
{
"id": 636860,
"question": "Abraham Shimonaya >> religion",
"answer": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #1 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 13759,
"question": "Where did #2 preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?",
"answer": "Wittenberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 736921,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Saxony-Anhalt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Saxony-Anhalt | [] | true | The German priest, who wanted Abraham Shimonaya's religious denomination to reform, preached a sermon on Marian devotion soon before his death in which German state? |
2hop__606439_127399 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Madina Lake",
"paragraph_text": " and Matthew Leone befriended Torelli and Camargo, and unhappy with their current situations decided to disband their respective bands, and form Madina Lake. Shawn Currie of The Blank Theory was in the original line up as the band's keyboardist for Madina Lake, but left shortly after the band started working on material causing Camargo to become the band's keyboardist. They played their first show as Madina Lake on May 21, 2005, at Chicago's historic Metro.\nNathan and Matthew Leone first gained nationwide media recognition when theyMadina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album \"From Them, Through Us, to You\" through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017. 2017.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Formation and The Disappearance of Adalia EP (2005–2006) ===\nNathan and Matthew Leone were first in a band known as the Blank Theory, based in Chicago, Illinois. Drummer Dan Torelli and Mateo Camargo were in a band called Reforma that had relocated to Chicago and both bands shared the same manager and often toured together. Nathan and Matthew Leone befriended Torelli and Camargo, and unhappy with their current situations decided to disband their respective bands, and form Madina Lake. Shawn Currie of The Blank Theory was in the original line up as the band's keyboardist for Madina Lake, but left shortly after the band started working on material causing Camargo to become the band's keyboardist. They played their first show as Madina Lake on May 21, 2005, at Chicago's historic Metro.\nNathan and Matthew Leone first gained nationwide media recognition when they appeared in a special edition of Twin Fear Factor. They won $45,000 – $20,000 from finishing the first",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "From Them, Through Us, to You",
"paragraph_text": " \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite aFrom Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007 via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.FromFrom Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007 via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK..\nThe album debuted at number 154 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, number three on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and number 60 on the UK Albums Chart.\nThe first single off the album was \"House of Cards\", followed by \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite aFrom Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007 via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.From Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007, via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.\nThe album debuted at number 154 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, number three on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and number 60 on the UK Albums Chart.\nThe first single off the album was \"House of Cards\", followed by \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite a margin.\"\nMusicOMH said: \"It's an album beset with clunking visuals and broader-than-thou riffs, complementing twin brother Nathan's expansive, excessive vocals tenfold to a beating post-hardcore centre.\" AbsolutePunk.net wrote: \"From Them, Through Us, to You is an album that offers a glimpse into the nature of Madina Lake, people, and society and places them to hard rock music laced with electronica and pop undertones. This blend of melody and aggression is the same kind that has launched the band's peers onto the fast track of success, and may very well do the same for Madina Lake.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\nThe retail version of \"Morning Sadness\" includes audio of a female voice speaking in the outro which is assumed to be the fictional main character of the album Adalia.\n\nFor unknown reasons, the iTunes release includes the whole advanced track listing with \"The Auspice\" but \"Now or Never\", \"Morning Sadness\" and \"True Love\" are omitted with the advanced version lengths not the retail lengths. The iTunes version also indicates three segues in the subtitles of two songs (\"Pandora\" and \"True Love\"; \"True Love\" has two segues) but the tracks appear the same as in the advanced version.\nThe song \"Again & Again\" was available for free download on the band's website shortly after the release of the album through a Flash-based game that tied into the fictional story of Madina Lake.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==From Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007, via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.\nThe album debuted at number 154 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, number three on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and number 60 on the UK Albums Chart.\nThe first single off the album was \"House of Cards\", followed by \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite a margin.\"\nMusicOMH said: \"It's an album beset with clunking visuals and broader-than-thou riffs, complementing twin brother Nathan's expansive, excessive vocals tenfold to a beating post-hardcore centre.\" AbsolutePunk.net wrote: \"From Them, Through Us, to You is an album that offers a glimpse into the nature of Madina Lake, people, and society and places them to hard rock music laced with electronica and pop undertones. This blend of melody and aggression is the same kind that has launched the band's peers onto the fast track of success, and may very well do the same for Madina Lake.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\nThe retail version of \"Morning Sadness\" includes audio of a female voice speaking in the outro which is assumed to be the fictional main character of the album Adalia.\n\nFor unknown reasons, the iTunes release includes the whole advanced track listing with \"The Auspice\" but \"Now or Never\", \"Morning Sadness\" and \"True Love\" are omitted with the advanced version lengths not the retail lengths. The iTunes version also indicates three segues in the subtitles of",
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] | In which year was the band that produced From Them, Through Us, to You established? | [
{
"id": 606439,
"question": "From Them, Through Us, to You >> performer",
"answer": "Madina Lake",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 127399,
"question": "Which year witnessed the formation of #1 ?",
"answer": "2005",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 2005 | [] | true | What year did the group that performed From Them, Through Us, to You form? |
4hop1__199362_765799_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": " rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBoys' Basketball: 2013\nWrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)\nFootball: 1980 (runner-up)\nSoftball: 1996 (runner-up)\nCross Country: 2004 (runner-up)\nRugby: 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2018\nPulaski has also had a number of individual state champions.\nIn 2016, Pulaski citizens privately funded a $4.9 million athletic expansion project, including a new football stadium, track, baseball and softball fields, as well as expanding the tennis facilities.\n\n\n=== Incident involving Mike McCarthy ===\nOn February 27, 2019, the school became the center of attention during a basketball game against Notre Dame Academy after former Green Bay Packers head coach Mike McCarthy was berating officials during the game. A complaint was submitted to the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association following the incident. McCarthy's behavior was criticized as \"unacceptable\" from the Notre Dame Academy and Pulaski athletic director Janet Batten. A day later, McCarthy apologized for the incident.\n\n\n== Music ==\nThe Red Raider Marching Band performed in the 2007, 2012, 2017 and 2024 Rose Parades and in the 2003 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City.\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nJacqui Banaszynski, Pulitzer Prize-winning writer\nJeremy Borseth, NFL punter\nCarey Lohrenz, F-14 Tomcat pilot\nNeil Worden, NFL fullback\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nPulaski High School websitePulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, United States, in Brown County (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBo",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an \"Independent Democrat\" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements. \nHe was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D. J. Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P. P. Wing, a Republican. Even though he was re-elected running against a Democrat, he is listed in the 1880 Wisconsin Blue Book as a \"Greenback Democrat\": thereJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices .\n\n\n== Public",
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was aBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "WAPL",
"paragraph_text": " when an FM antenna was installed on the existing WAPL (AM) tower in Menasha. The initial power was around 20,000 watts at an antenna height of 160 feet. The station's format was beautiful music.\nIn 1965, WAPL-FWAPL (105.7 FM) is a classic rock formatted radio station licensed to Appleton, Wisconsin, that serves the Green Bay and Appleton-Oshkosh areas. The station is owned by Woodward Communications, and has studios on College Avenue in Appleton, with transmitting facilities located near the WGBA Tower west of unincorporated Shirley in the Town of Glenmore in southeastern Brown County.== Beginnings ==\nWAPL radio made its on-air debut in 1952, operating on a frequency of 1570 AM under the ownership of the Bartell family. It was the third AM station in the market, but the first to serve the younger audience with rock and roll music.\nWAPL-FM, operating on a frequency of 105.7 MHz, was added in 1965 when an FM antenna was installed on the existing WAPL (AM) tower in Menasha. The initial power was around 20,000 watts at an antenna height of 160 feet. The station's format was beautiful music.\nIn 1965, WAPL-FM was",
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] | What is the main city of the county that has a common boundary with the county where the city that WAPL has broadcasting rights is located? | [
{
"id": 199362,
"question": "WAPL >> licensed to broadcast to",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 765799,
"question": "#1 >> capital of",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county whose seat is the city WAPL is licensed to broadcast to? |
2hop__56806_7298 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The One That Got Away (Katy Perry song)",
"paragraph_text": "Originally titled ``In Another Life '', the song was produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin, both of whom co-wrote it with Perry. It is a midtempo pop song positioned on the piece of E major and has a tempo of 134 beats per minute. Joanna Holcombe from Yahoo! Music noted that the song is about first loves. Leah Greenblatt from Entertainment Weekly, said that the song is`` a midtempo ode to a summer - after - high - school love with whom she recalls sharing Mustang makeout sessions to Radiohead '''. Michael Wood from Spin magazine said that the song is one of the album's quieter cuts and that it recall (s) ``Perry's singer - songwriter days at L.A.'s Hotel Café ''. The song follows the chord progression of E -- G ♯ m -- C ♯ m -- A, and Perry's vocal range spans from B to E. Kitty Empire noticed that Perry's vocal is wistful throughout the song and that the references to June and Johnny Cash were unexpected. Rob Sheffield from Rolling Stone stated that when Perry sings,' I was June, and you were my Johnny Cash, '`` it's understood that she's thinking of the scrubbed - up Hollywood version of June and Johnny, from Walk the Line.'' In 2017, the singer revealed that ``The One That Got Away ''was about Josh Groban., including Kelly Clarkson, Olivia Rodrigo and Conan Gray, Richard Marx, Jordan Pruitt, Selena Gomez & the Scene, and Tate McRae.\n\n\n== Release and artwork ==\nOn September 13, 2011, at the New York City's Irving Plaza, Capitol Records confirmed to Billboard that \"The One That Got Away\" would be the sixth single from Teenage Dream. Perry said from the label:\n\n\"I'm so pleased to select 'The One That Got Away' as my sixth single because this song shows a very different side of me that I haven't shown with my past singles on this record, I think that everyone can relate to this song. I wrote [it] about when you promise someone forever, but you end up not being able to follow through. It's a bittersweet story. Hopefully, the listener learns from hearing it and never has to say they had 'The One' get away.\"\nLater that month, Perry wrote the following message on her Twitter account: \"The One That Got Away... It's happening!!!\", along with a picture of the official single artwork. The artwork shows a pink-haired Perry looking up at the sky while wearing a disc-shaped hat. The photo gives a whimsical nod to the 1970s, with its distinctively retro appearance. On September 30, the song received radio airplay release in France. Soon it was followed by the release of the song to American mainstream and rhythmic contemporary radio stations on October ",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": " music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.AdWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts. is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\" (a softer type of urban contemporary music), \"rhythmic AC\" (a softer type of rhythmic contemporary), and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected songs from artists of many different genres.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1960s: Early roots; easy listening and soft rock ===\n\nAdult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70–80% instrumental to 20–30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late ",
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] | Which pop musician who also features in the song 'The One That Got Away' began his professional journey via adult contemporary radio? | [
{
"id": 56806,
"question": "who was the one that got away written about",
"answer": "Josh Groban",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 7298,
"question": "Along with #1 , what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?",
"answer": "Michael Bublé",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Michael Bublé | [] | true | What pop artist started his career on adult contemporary radio along with the subject of the song The One That Got Away? |
2hop__21104_16334 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II which killed some six million Jews, affecting almost every European Jewish family. In 1933, prior to World War II, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3 million. Israeli demographer and statistician Sergio D. Pergola implied that Ashkenazim comprised 65–70% of Jews worldwide in 2000, while other estimates suggest more than 75%. As of 2013, the population was estimated to be between 10 million and 11.",
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"idx": 2,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": " and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judaea. After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the ChristianAshkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. yielded various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus.\nJesus was circumcised at eight days old, was baptized by John the Baptist as a young adult, and after 40 days and nights of fasting in the wilderness, began his own ministry. He was an itinerant teacher, and was often referred to as \"rabbi\". Jesus often debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables, and gathered followers, among whom twelve were appointed as his chosen apostles. He was arrested in Jerusalem and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judaea. After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three prosopons of the Trinity. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually, generally on 25 December, as Christmas. His crucifixion is honoured on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The world's most widely used calendar era—in which the current year is AD 2024 (or 2024 CE)—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.\nJesus is also revered in Islam, the Bahá��í Faith, and the Druze Faith. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ����sā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nA typical Jew in Jesus's time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase \"son of [father's name]\", or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as \"Jesus of Nazareth\". Jesus's neighbours in Nazareth referred to him as \"the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon\", \"the carpenter's son\", or \"Joseph's son\"; in the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as \"Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth\".\nThe English name Jesus, from Greek Iēsous, is a rendering of Joshua (Hebrew Yehoshua, later Yeshua), and was not uncommon in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. Popular etymology linked the names Yehoshua and Yeshua to the verb meaning \"save\" and the noun \"salvation\". The Gospel of Matthew tells of an angel that appeared to Joseph instructing him \"to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins\".\n\n\n=== Jesus Christ ===\nSince the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as \"Jesus Christ\". The word Christ was a title or office (\"the Christ\"), not a given name. It derives from the Greek ��ριστός (Christos), a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (משי��) meaning \"anointed\", and is usually transliterated into English as \"messiah\". In biblical Judaism, sacred oil was used to anoint certain exceptionally holy people and objects as part of their religious investiture.\nChristians of the time designated Jesus as \"the Christ\" because they believed him to be the messiah, whose arrival is prophesied in the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. In postbiblical usage, Christ became viewed as a name—one part of \"Jesus Christ\". Etymons of the term Christian (meaning a follower of Christ) have been in use since the 1st century.\n\n\n== Life and teachings in the New Testament ==\n\n\n=== Canonical gospels ===\n\nThe four canonical gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are the foremost sources for the life and message of Jesus. But other parts of the New Testament also include references to key episodes in his life, such as the Last Supper in 1 Corinthians 11:23–26. Acts of the Apostles refers to Jesus's early ministry and its anticipation by John the Baptist. Acts 1:1–11 says more about the Ascension of Jesus than the canonical gospels do. In the undisputed Pauline letters, which were written earlier than the Gospels, Jesus's words or instructions are cited several times.\nSome early Christian groups had separate descriptions of Jesus's life and teachings that are not in the New Testament. These include the Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Peter, and Gospel of Judas, the Apocryphon of James, and many other apocryphal writings. Most scholars conclude that these were written much later and are less reliable accounts than the canonical gospels.\n\n\n==== Authorship, date, and reliability ====\nThe canonical gospels are four accounts, each by a different author. The authors of the Gospels are pseudonymous, attributed by tradition to the four evangelists, each with close ties to Jesus: Mark by John Mark, an associate of Peter; Matthew by one of Jesus's disciples; Luke by a companion of Paul mentioned in a few epistles; and John by another of Jesus's disciples, the \"beloved disciple\".\nAccording to the Marcan priority, the first to be written was the Gospel of Mark (written AD 60–75), followed by the Gospel of Matthew (AD 65–85), the Gospel of Luke (AD 65–95), and the Gospel of John (AD 75–100). Most scholars agree that the authors of Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source for their gospels. Since Matthew and Luke also share some content not found in Mark, many scholars assume that they used another source (commonly called the \"Q source\") in addition to Mark.\nOne important aspect of the study of the Gospels is the literary genre under which they fall. Genre \"is a key convention guiding both the composition and the interpretation of writings\". Whether the gospel authors set out to write novels, myths, histories, or biographies has a tremendous impact on how they ought to be interpreted. Some recent studies suggest that the genre of the Gospels ought to be situated within the realm of ancient biography. Although not without critics, the position that the Gospels are a type of ancient biography is the consensus among scholars today.\nConcerning the accuracy of the accounts, viewpoints run the gamut from considering them inerrant descriptions of Jesus's life, to doubting whether they are historically reliable on a number of points, to considering them to provide very little historical information about his life beyond the basics. According to a broad scholarly consensus, the Synoptic Gospels (the first three—Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are the most reliable sources of information about Jesus.\n\n\n==== Comparative structure and content ====\n\nMatthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels, from the Greek σ��ν (syn \"together\") and �����ις (opsis \"view\"), because they are similar in content, narrative arrangement, language and paragraph structure, and one can easily set them next to each other and synoptically compare what is in them. Scholars generally agree that it is impossible to find any direct literary relationship between the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. While the flow of many events (e.g., Jesus's baptism, transfiguration, crucifixion and interactions with his apostles) are shared among the Synoptic Gospels, incidents such as the transfiguration and Jesus's exorcising demons do not appear in John, which also differs on other matters, such as the Cleansing of the Temple.\nThe Synoptics emphasize different aspects of Jesus. In Mark, Jesus is the Son of God whose mighty works demonstrate the presence of God's Kingdom. He is a tireless wonder worker, the servant of both God and man. This short gospel records few of Jesus's words or teachings. The Gospel of Matthew emphasizes that Jesus is the fulfilment of God's will as revealed in the Old Testament, and the Lord of the Church. He is the \"Son of David\", a \"king\", and the messiah. Luke presents Jesus as the divine-human saviour who shows compassion to the needy. He is the friend of sinners and outcasts, come to seek and save the lost. This gospel includes well-known parables, such as the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son.\nThe prologue to the Gospel of John identifies Jesus as an incarnation of the divine Word (Logos). As the Word, Jesus was eternally present with God, active in all creation, and the source of humanity's moral and spiritual nature. Jesus is not only greater than any past human prophet but greater than any prophet could be. He not only speaks God's Word; he is God's Word. In the Gospel of John, Jesus reveals his divine role publicly. Here he is the Bread of Life, the Light of the World, the True Vine and more.\nIn general, the authors of the New Testament showed little interest in an absolute chronology of Jesus or in synchronizing the episodes of his life with the secular history of the age. As stated in John 21:25, the Gospels do not claim to provide an exhaustive list of the events in Jesus's life. The accounts were primarily written as theological documents in the context of early Christianity, with timelines as a secondary consideration. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the Gospels devote about one third of their text to the last week of Jesus's life in Jerusalem, referred to as the Passion. The Gospels do not provide enough details to satisfy the demands of modern historians regarding exact dates, but it is possible to draw from them a general picture of Jesus's life story.\n\n\n=== Genealogy and nativity ===\n\nJesus was Jewish, born to Mary, wife of Joseph. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke offer two accounts of his genealogy. Matthew traces Jesus's ancestry to Abraham through David. Luke traces Jesus's ancestry through Adam to God. The lists are identical between Abraham and David but differ radically from that point. Matthew has 27 generations from David to Joseph, whereas Luke has 42, with almost no overlap between the names on the two lists. Various theories have been put forward to explain why the two genealogies are so different.\n\nMatthew and Luke each describe Jesus's birth, especially that Jesus was born to a virgin named Mary in Bethlehem in fulfilment of prophecy. Luke's account emphasizes events before the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary, while Matthew's mostly covers those after the birth and centers on Joseph. Both accounts state that Mary, was engaged to a man named Joseph, who was descended from King David and was not his biological father, and both support the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus, according to which Jesus was miraculously conceived by the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb when she was still a virgin. At the same time, there is evidence, at least in the Lukan Acts of the Apostles, that Jesus was thought to have had, like many figures in antiquity, a dual paternity, since there it is stated he descended from the seed or loins of David. By taking him as his own, Joseph will give him the necessary Davidic descent. Some scholars suggest that Jesus had Levite heritage from Mary, based on her blood relationship with Elizabeth. \n\nIn Matthew, Joseph is troubled because Mary, his betrothed, is pregnant, but in the first of Joseph's four dreams an angel assures him not to be afraid to take Mary as his wife, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. In Matthew 2:1–12, wise",
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] | Which contemporary population was identified in a 2010 research as having the closest relation to the group accounting for a minimum of 70% of the global Jewish population? | [
{
"id": 21104,
"question": "Which group represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?",
"answer": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 16334,
"question": "The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to #1 ?",
"answer": "modern-day Italians",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | modern-day Italians | [] | true | The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to the group that represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide? |
4hop1__726391_153080_33952_33939 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciationBy 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700, about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now known as \"A\" mountain. Hugo Oconór (Hugo O'Conor),Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandle",
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Oh Yeah (Charles Mingus album)",
"paragraph_text": " You Ma'am\" – 4:43\n\"Ecclusiastics\" – 6:59\n\"Oh Lord Don't Let Them Drop That Atomic Bomb on Me\" – 5:43\n\"Eat That Chicken\" – 4:38\n\"Passions of a Man\" – 4:56\nThe 1999 Rhino CD reissue included three additional tracks recorded at the same session (and previously released on Tonight at Noon in 1964):\n\n\"'Old' Blues for Walt's Torin\" – 7:58\n\"Peggy's Blue Skylight\" – 9:49\n\"Invisible Lady\" – 4:48\nThe 198Oh Yeah is a 1962 album by jazz musician Charles Mingus. It was recorded in 1961, and features the leader (mainly known as a bassist and composer) singing on three of the cuts and playing piano throughout.",
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] | What was the 1900 population count for the second most populous city in the state that the performer of "Oh Yeah" originated from? | [
{
"id": 726391,
"question": "Oh Yeah >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 33952,
"question": "What is the second largest city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 33939,
"question": "What was #3 's population in 1900?",
"answer": "7,531",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 7,531 | [] | true | In 1900, what was the population of the second largest city in the state where the Oh Yeah performer is from? |
2hop__60880_87295 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)",
"paragraph_text": " September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied industry expectations as pundits had expected the film to underperform due to its G rating and subject matter. The film's success is credited with establishing Hathaway as a bankable actress and reviving Andrews's film career. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, was released in 2004, and a third installment has been in development since 2022.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nMia ThermThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman. tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.\nFeeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's agent pursued producer Debra Martin Chase about adapting The Princess Diaries into a feature-length film, an idea she pitched to Disney upon reading the book. After obtaining the film rights, Disney originally greenlit the project under the title The Princess of Tribeca, reverting it once its setting was changed from New York to San Francisco, where the majority of the film was shot between September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement",
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Eloise at Christmastime",
"paragraph_text": "el as Bill Rick Roberts as Brooks Sara Topham as Rachel Peabody Corinne Conley as Mrs. Thornton Christine Baranski as Prunella Stickler Jeffrey Tambor as Mr. Salomone Araxi Arslanian as Head of Housekeeping Tannis Burnett as Miss Thompson Neil Crone as Agent Kringle Arlene Duncan as Lily Sean Gallagher as Rick Graham Harley as Walter Colm Magner as Thomas the Maitre'd Debra McGrath as Cornelia Gerry Quigley as Jerry Julian Richings as Patrice Cliff Saunders as Max Tony Sciara as Assistant Chef Marco David Sparrow as Charlie, the 59th Street Doorman Victor A. Young as Mr. PeabodyESofia Vassilieva as Eloise Julie Andrews as Nanny Kenneth Welsh as Sir Wilkes Debra Monk as Maggie Gavin Creel as Bill Rick Roberts as Brooks Sara Topham as Rachel Peabody Corinne Conley as Mrs. Thornton Christine Baranski as Prunella Stickler Jeffrey Tambor as Mr. Salomone Araxi Arslanian as Head of Housekeeping Tannis Burnett as Miss Thompson Neil Crone as Agent Kringle Arlene Duncan as Lily Sean Gallagher as Rick Graham Harley as Walter Colm Magner as Thomas the Maitre'd Debra McGrath as Cornelia Gerry Quigley as Jerry Julian Richings as Patrice Cliff Saunders as Max Tony Sciara as Assistant Chef Marco David Sparrow as Charlie, the 59th Street Doorman Victor A. Young as Mr. Peabody Buena Vista Home Entertainment. Since 2009, the movie has been part of the 25 Days of Christmas programming block on Freeform (formerly ABC Family), but it was not part of the block in 2010. From 2011 to 2013, it was aired on the Hallmark Channel as part of the channel's \"Countdown to Christmas\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Plaza Hotel is getting ready for the Christmas holiday season. Eloise is on a mission to find presents in the package room from her mother, who has taken a trip to Paris.\nWhen Eloise does not find any packages from her mother, she then leaves the room in a large mess. She skips towards the lobby,Sofia Vassilieva as Eloise Julie Andrews as Nanny Kenneth Welsh as Sir Wilkes Debra Monk as Maggie Gavin Creel as Bill Rick Roberts as Brooks Sara Topham as Rachel Peabody Corinne Conley as Mrs. Thornton Christine Baranski as Prunella Stickler Jeffrey Tambor as Mr. Salomone Araxi Arslanian as Head of Housekeeping Tannis Burnett as Miss Thompson Neil Crone as Agent Kringle Arlene Duncan as Lily Sean Gallagher as Rick Graham Harley as Walter Colm Magner as Thomas the Maitre'd Debra McGrath as Cornelia Gerry Quigley as Jerry Julian Richings as Patrice Cliff Saunders as Max Tony Sciara as Assistant Chef Marco David Sparrow as Charlie, the 59th Street Doorman Victor A. Young as Mr. PeabodyEloise at Christmastime is a 2003 American-Canadian made-for-television comedy film based on the 1958 book of the same name written by Kay Thompson and illustrated by Hilary Knight. The film stars young Sofia Vassilieva as Eloise, a six-year-old girl who lives in the penthouse at the top of the Plaza Hotel in New York City. This story takes place immediately after the events of Eloise at the Plaza; Eloise receives a package full of spy equipment from her friend Leon, the supporting character in the previous film who did spy work with Eloise. \nThe film was released on November 22, 2003, and was produced by Handmade Films and DiNovi Pictures for Walt Disney Television with distribution handled by the ABC Television Network. It was released on both VHS and DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. Since 2009, the movie has been part of the 25 Days of Christmas programming block on Freeform (formerly ABC Family), but it was not part of the block in 2010. From 2011 to 2013, it was aired on the Hallmark Channel as part of the channel's \"Countdown to Christmas\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Plaza Hotel is getting ready for the Christmas holiday season. Eloise is on a mission to find presents in the package room from her mother, who has taken a trip to Paris.\nWhen Eloise does not find any packages from her mother, she then leaves the room in a large mess. She skips towards the lobby, and pushes into a long line at the check-in desk and interrupts a conversation between hotel manager Mr. Salamone and two patrons, wishing to upgrade their current hotel suite to a park-side view room. Eloise asks Mr. Salamone if there have been any packages from her mother in Paris, and he replies that there hasn't. He pushes her away, telling Eloise that he is currently very busy. Eloise pushes in the line again, offering Mr. Salamone some unnecessary assistance. Mr. Salamone declines, pushing Eloise away from the hectic line.\nEloise leaves, but is instantly back in a flash, when she notices a suspicious man waiting in the queue. She thinks that this patron is a spy, but Mr. Salamone declines, and instantly changes the subject so that Eloise can leave the line. He requests Eloise to look out for the hotel's Christmas Tree Delivery, which is due to be at the Plaza any moment. He tells Eloise to inform him when the delivery arrives. Eloise leaves the line, and tells the \"spy\" that she is keeping her eye on him.\nThe main focal point of the story deals with the impending marriage between Rachel Peabody, the hotel owner's daughter, and a bachelor named Brooks Oliver, who was chosen by Rachel's family to be her husband.\nEloise eventually learns that Brooks is into doing something suspicious. She also finds out that Rachel takes a liking to Bill, a room service waiter and a friend of hers, four years earlier. When Mr. Peabody learns of his daughter's relationship with Bill, he then sent his daughter to a university, hoping to break his daughter's ties with the waiter. Eloise intervenes with the relationship, much to Mr. Peabody's dismay.\nEloise succeeds with restoring Bill and Rachel's romance with each other; Brooks is then arrested for forgery, and Mrs. Thornton, who was in danger of being evicted, is granted a permanent stay at the Plaza. And to top it off, Eloise's mother arrives and they rejoice.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Christmas films\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nOfficial Eloise Website\nEloise at Christmastime at IMDb\nEloise at Christmastime at UltimateDisney.comEloise at Christmastime is a 2003 American-Canadian made-for-television comedy film based on the 1958 book of the same name written by Kay Thompson and illustrated by Hilary Knight. The film stars young Sofia Vassilieva as Eloise, a six-year-old girl who lives in the penthouse at the top of the Plaza Hotel in New York City. This story takes place immediately after the events of Eloise at the Plaza; Eloise receives a package full of spy equipment from her friend Leon, the supporting character in the previous film who did spy work with Eloise. \nThe film was released on November 22, 2003, and was produced by Handmade Films and DiNovi Pictures for Walt Disney Television with distribution handled by the ABC Television Network. It was released on both VHS and DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment. Since 2009, the movie has been part of the 25 Days of Christmas programming block on Freeform (formerly ABC Family), but it was not part of the block in 2010. From 2011 to 2013, it was aired on the Hallmark Channel as part of the channel's \"Countdown to Christmas\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Plaza Hotel is getting ready for the Christmas holiday season. Eloise is on a mission to find presents in the package room from her mother",
"is_supporting": true
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] | In the movie Princess Diaries, which character is portrayed by the actor who also stars as Nanny in Eloise at Christmastime? | [
{
"id": 60880,
"question": "who plays the nanny in eloise at christmastime",
"answer": "Julie Andrews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 87295,
"question": "who does #1 play in princess diaries",
"answer": "Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi | [] | true | Who does the actor who plays Nanny in Eloise at Christmastime play in Princess Diaries? |
2hop__628752_538661 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "United States Naval Institute",
"paragraph_text": " Academy or the U.S. Navy, though it is based on the grounds of the Naval Academy through permission granted by a 1936 Act of Congress.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe U.S. Naval Institute was formed on October 9, 1873 by fifteen naval officers gathered at the U.S. Naval Academy's Department of Physics and Chemistry building in Annapolis to discuss, among other topics, the implications of a smaller post-Civil War Navy. Rear Admiral John L. Worden, former commander of the USS Monitor, served as the first president.\nIn 1874, the Naval Institute began to accept papers and publish the proceedings of its discussions, which were distributed to the organization's members. In 1898, the Naval Institute Press was created to publish basic naval guides. The most popular of these, The Bluejacket's Manual, is on its 25th edition, and is still issued to all enlistees of the U.S. Navy. The press eventually expanded to publish more general-interest titles in history, biography, and current affairs.\nIn 1992, the Naval Institute Foundation, Inc., was established to stabilize the organization's funding.\nIn 1999, the Naval Institute transferred its former headquarters, Preble Hall, to the Naval Academy, and renovated a derelict Navy hospital to serve as its new headquarters. The new building was named Beach Hall, after Captain Edward L. Beach Jr., author and Navy Cross recipient; and his father, Captain Edward L. Beach Sr., who had served as the institute's secretary-treasurer.\n\nOn 30 September 2021, the U.S. Naval Institute opened a conference center with a 406-seat auditorium, reception spaces, an indoor/outdoor rooftop terrace, five meeting rooms, and a broadcast studio. It is named for Jack C. Taylor, a decorated World War II U.S. Navy fighter pilot who founded Enterprise Rent-A-Car.\n\n\n== Publications and products ==\n\n\n=== Proceedings ===\nProceedings is the Naval Institute's monthly magazine. Published since 1874, it is one of the oldest continuously published magazines in the United States. Issues include articles from military professionals and civilian experts, historical essays, book reviews, full-color photography, and reader commentary. Roughly a third are written by active duty and active reserve personnel, a third by retired military, and a third by civilians. Proceedings also frequently carries feature articles by Secretaries of Defense, Secretaries of the Navy, Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and top leaders of the Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. The magazine has published controversial articles on contentious issues; moreover, military officials have been known to block certain articles from being submitted to the journal. For example, in 1962, the Department of Defense blocked a Marine Corps lieutenant colonel from submitting an article to Proceedings about a 1949 proposal to merge the Marines' aviation units into the Air Force.\n\n\n=== Naval History ===\nNaval History is the Naval Institute's bimonthly magazine. First published in 1987, its articles detail the role of sea power in U.S. history. The magazine's contributors have included historians David McCullough and James M. McPherson; former sailors, Marines and Coast Guardsmen such as Ernest Borgnine, Gene Hackman, and Douglas FairThe United States Naval Institute (USNI), based in Annapolis, Maryland, is a private, non-profit, professional military association that seeks to offer independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences.TheThe United States Naval Institute (USNI), based in Annapolis, Maryland, is a private, non-profit, professional military association that seeks to offer independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences. 1873, the Naval Institute claimed \"almost 50,000 members\" in 2020, mostly active and retired personnel of the United States Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. The organization also has members in over 90 countries.\nThe organization has no official or funding ties to the United States Naval Academy or the U.S. Navy, though it is based on the grounds of the Naval Academy through permission granted by a 1936 Act of Congress.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe U.S. Naval Institute was formed on October 9, 1873 by fifteen naval officers gathered at the U.S. Naval Academy's Department of Physics and Chemistry building in Annapolis to discuss, among other topics, the implications of a smaller post-Civil War Navy. Rear Admiral John L. Worden, former commander of the USS Monitor, served as the first president.\nIn 1874, the Naval Institute began to accept papers and publish the proceedings of its discussions, which were distributed to the organization's members. In 1898, the Naval Institute Press was created to publish basic naval guides. The most popular of these, The Bluejacket's Manual, is on its 25th edition, and is still issued to all enlistees",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "In the Shadow of Greatness",
"paragraph_text": " Lieutenant John J. Houston, Marine Corps Lt. Col. Kevin Shea, and Marine Corps 2nd Lieutenant Andrew Torres. Gary C. Ross discusses his same-sex marriage following the repeal of DADT; others tell of rescues at sea and in the crater of Mount St. Helens. Other topics include two-career couples and the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.\nThe foreword was written by David Gergen and the epilogue by Admiral Mike Mullen. General John Allen—Commandant of Midshipmen in 2002—wrote for the book, as did his predecessor, Admiral Sam Locklear.\nThe authors' proceeds go to veterans' organizations, including Luke's Wings, the Semper Fi Fund, The Mission Continues, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, The Travis Manion Foundation, and the Matthew Freeman Project.\nReleased in August 2012, In the Shadow of GreatnessIn the Shadow of Greatness is a 2012 book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute. The authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and events following graduation.InIn the Shadow of Greatness is a 2012 book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute. The authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and events following graduation. following graduation. The stories describe subjects such as relief assignments to Haiti, diplomatic missions, cross-service training and deployments, losing infantrymen in combat, and the stress of pilots on missions. There are homages to the fallen, including Navy Lieutenant Richard F. Andersen, Marine Corps Capt. Matthew C. Freeman, Navy Lieutenant John J. Houston, Marine Corps Lt. Col. Kevin Shea, and Marine Corps 2nd Lieutenant Andrew Torres. Gary C. Ross discusses his same-sex marriage following the repeal of DADT; others tell of rescues at sea and in the crater of Mount St. Helens. Other topics include two-career couples and the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.\nThe foreword was written by David Gergen and the epilogue by Admiral Mike Mullen. General John Allen—Commandant of Midshipmen in 2002—wrote for the book, as did his predecessor, Admiral Sam Locklear.\nThe authors' proceeds go to veterans' organizations, including Luke's Wings, the Semper Fi Fund, The Mission Continues, Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, The Travis Manion Foundation, and the Matthew Freeman Project.\nReleased in August 2012, In the Shadow of GreatnessIn the Shadow of Greatness is a 2012 book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute. The authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and events following graduation.In the Shadow of Greatness is a book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute in 2012. \nThe authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and the events following graduation. The stories describe subjects such as relief assignments to Haiti, diplomatic missions, cross-service training and deployments, losing infantrymen in combat, and the stress of pilots on missions. There are homages to the fallen, including Navy Lieutenant Richard F. Andersen, Marine Corps Capt. Matthew C. Freeman,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the location of the main office for the company that published In the Shadow of Greatness? | [
{
"id": 628752,
"question": "In the Shadow of Greatness >> publisher",
"answer": "United States Naval Institute",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 538661,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Annapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Annapolis | [
"Annapolis, Maryland"
] | true | Where are the headquarters for the publisher of In the Shadow of Greatness? |
3hop1__354480_834494_34109 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst PimaPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead\nKing Canyon Trailhead\nRichard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead\nRichard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead\nSarasota Trailhead\nSweetwater Preserve Trailhead\nVentana Canyon Trailhead\n\n\n== Community Centers ==\nThe NRPR has 13 community centers:\n\nAjo Community Center\nArivaca Community Center\nCatalina Community Center\nCentro Del Sur Community Center and Boxing Gym\nContinental Community Center\nDrexel Heights Community Center\nEllie Towne Flowing Wells Community Center\nJohn A. Valenzuela Youth Center\nLittletown Community Center\nMt. Lemmon Community Center\nNorthwest YMCA Pima County Community Center\nPicture Rocks Community Center\nRobles Ranch Community Center\n\n\n== Pools and Splash Pads ==\nThe NRPR has 10 pools and 2 splash pads community centers:\n\nAjo Pool\nBrandi Fenton Splash Pad\nCatalina Pool\nFlowing Wells Pool\nKino Pool (Mulcahy YMCA)\nLos Niños Pool (Augie Acuña)\nManzanita Pool Park\nPicture Rocks Pool and Splash Pad\nThad Terry Pool (Northwest YMCA)\nWade McLean Pool (Marana High School Pool)\n\n\n== Shooting and Archery Ranges ==\nSoutheast Archery Range\nSoutheast Clay Target Center\nSoutheast Regional Park Shooting Range\nTucson Mountain Park Archery",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Eric Marcus Municipal Airport",
"paragraph_text": " it as a general aviation facility.\n\n\n== Facilities and aircraft ==\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport covers an area of 1,375 acres (556 ha) and has one runway designated 12/30 with a 3,800 x 60 ft (1,158 x 18 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending April 19, 2023, the airport had 1,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 31 per week.\nThe Ajo Country Club is on the southeast part of the former Army Airfield containment area.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe airport was established on 22 August 1941 on approximately 1,426 acres near Ajo, Arizona as part of the expansion of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. It was designated a sub-post of Luke Army Airfield as part of the Gila Bend Gunnery Range in Maricopa County, with small detachments being stationed at the airfield. The 543d School Squadron operated from Ajo Field operating towing aircraft for aerial gunnery practice.\nIn June 1943, the Ajo AAF was transferred to Williams Army Air Field and the airfield was upgraded with three bituminous runways: 5350x150 (N/S), 5300x150 (NE/SW), and 6300x150 (NW/SE). A large parking apron was built with additional taxiways, landing aids and several hangars. It later became a single engine gunnery school as part of the Fixed Gunnery School operated by the 82d Flying Training Wing at Las Vegas Army Airfield, although it still supported the flying training at Luke and also Williams Army Airfield. It was under the command of the 472d (Reduced) Army Air Force Base Unit, AAF West Coast Training Center.\nAjo AAF also had three auxiliary landing fields, located out on the (now) Barry Goldwater bombing range:\n\nAjo Aux #1 at 32°31′41″N 112°55′58″W\nAjo Aux #2 at 32°36′19″N 112°52′41″W\nAjo Aux #3 at 32°39′38″N 112°52′14″W\nAlthough abandoned since the war, all of these fields are easily visible from the air.\nWith the exception of the small caliber shooting at the former fire-in-butt range, all live ammunition activities took place on the Ajo-Gila Bend Gunnery Range, well away from the Ajo AAF. A Chemical Warfare Service Detachment was assigned to the AEric Marcus Municipal Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is located north of the central business district of Ajo and is about southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport.",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27). (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What administrative region houses the geographical position of the Eric Marcus Municipal Airport PBS station? | [
{
"id": 354480,
"question": "Eric Marcus Municipal Airport >> location",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 34109,
"question": "What is #2 's PBS station?",
"answer": "KUAT-TV 6",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | KUAT-TV 6 | [
"KUAT-TV"
] | true | What is the administrative territorial entity that contains the location of Eric Marcus Municipal Airport PBS station? |
3hop1__109185_720914_27537 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "La Schiavona",
"paragraph_text": " to the painting by someone in recognition of the style of her dress and her physiognomy. In reality, the lady portrayed would have been part of the nobility of the time, with a costume compatible with that of the wealthy women of the territories controlled by the Republic of Venice. Some people have tried to identify the woman as Catherine Cornaro, a hypothesis without any confirmation. Previously assigned to Giorgione, the painting is today commonly accepted as a youthful masterpiece by Titian; further evidence is provided by the absence of the modulated sweetness of the painter from Castelfranco Veneto, replaced rather by a pulsating vitality. There are also close similarities with the woman protagonist of the Miracolo del neonato, a Paduan fresco by Titian dating back to 1511.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe subject is shown three-quarter length against a plain grey background. Her curvaceous form is portrayed with exceptional realism and accuracy, and is accentuated by the wide drapery of her earth-coloured dress. The body is rotated slightly, while the head looks frontally at the viewer, in a pose of remarkable naturalness and ease. What appears to be the same woman is seen in relief (inspired by ancient cameos) on a raised section of the parapet. The lower part of the parapet is original, though the raised section appears to be a revision by Titian himself, with the drapery painted under it still being visible through subsequent layers of paint. The painting is signed TV on the parapet, which probably stands for Tiziano Vecellio.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe portrait was presented to the National Gallery in London in 1942 by Sir Francis Cook, Bt, in memory of his father Herbert, via the Art Fund – it is still in the Gallery's collection, as NG5385.\nFrom October 2009 to January 2010, La Schiavona was loaned to the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds to be shown as part of an exhibition called \"Sculpture in Painting\".\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nFrancesco Valcanover, L'opera completa di Tiziano, Rizzoli, Milano 1969.\n\n\n== External links ==\nCatalog nr. 536 in Herbert Cook's collection catalog, 1913, on archive.org\nHigh definition image on Google art\nNational Gallery websiteLa Schiavona ('the woman from Dalmatia'), also known as Portrait of a Lady, is a 1510–1512 portrait by Titian of an unknown woman. \n\n\n== Identity of the sitter ==\nThe painting was being referred to as La Schiavona before the beginning of the seventeenth century. However, this name is traditional, given to the painting by someone in recognition of the style of her dress and her physiognomy. In reality, the lady portrayed would have been part of the nobility of the time, with a costume compatible with that of the wealthy women of the territories controlled by the Republic of Venice. Some people have tried to identify the woman as Catherine Cornaro, a hypothesis without any confirmation. Previously assigned to Giorgione, the painting is today commonly accepted as a youthful masterpiece by Titian; further evidence is provided by the absence of the modulated sweetnessPortrait of a Lady, also known as La Schiavona (the woman from Dalmatia), is a 1510–12 portrait by Titian of an unknown woman.LPortrait of a Lady, also known as La Schiavona (the woman from Dalmatia), is a 1510–12 portrait by Titian of an unknown woman.. \n\n\n== Identity of the sitter ==\nThe painting was being referred to as La Schiavona before the beginning of the seventeenth century. However, this name is traditional, given to the painting by someone in recognition of the style of her dress and her physiognomy. In reality, the lady portrayed would have been part of the nobility of the time, with a costume compatible with that of the wealthy women of the territories controlled by the Republic of Venice. Some people have tried to identify the woman as Catherine Cornaro, a hypothesis without any confirmation. Previously assigned to Giorgione, the painting is today commonly accepted as a youthful masterpiece by Titian; further evidence is provided by the absence of the modulated sweetness of the painter from Castelfranco Veneto, replaced rather by a pulsating vitality. There are also close similarities with the woman protagonist of the Miracolo del neonato, a Paduan fresco by Titian dating back to 1511.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe subject is shown three-quarter length against a plain grey background. Her curvaceous form is portrayed with exceptional realism and accuracy, and is accentuated by the wide drapery of her earth-coloured dress. The body is rotated slightly, while the head looks frontally at the viewer, in a pose of remarkable naturalness and ease. What appears to be the same woman is seen in relief (inspired by ancient cameos) on a raised section of the parapet. The lower part of the parapet is original, though the raised section appears to be a revision by Titian himself, with the drapery painted under it still being visible through subsequent layers of paint. The painting is signed TV on the parapet, which probably stands for Tiziano Vecellio.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe portrait was presented to the National Gallery in London in 1942 by Sir Francis",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with local robber bands, which were often used to intimidate his rivals and attack carriages. These connections added to his influence and power in the region.\n\n\n== Role in the Western Schism ==\n\n\n=== Council of Pisa ===\nCardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 140Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 ADThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What prompted Roncalli to depart the city where the person who made La Schiavona passed away? | [
{
"id": 109185,
"question": "Who is La Schiavona by?",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome",
"Roma"
] | true | Why did Roncalli leave the city where the creator of La Schiavona died? |
3hop2__222979_840908_40768 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Scion (automobile)",
"paragraph_text": "2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which were exclusive to Toyota Netz Store Japanese dealerships.\n\nScion was marketed as a youth brand and was first introduced in March 2002, at the New York Auto Show. There were just two concept vehicles, the bbX (which became the xB), and the ccX (which became the tC). The 2004 xA and xB were unveiled at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show on January 2, 2003. They were available only in 105 Toyota dealerships in California at their initial launch on June 9, 2003. The subsequent rollout of the brand to the South, the Southeast, and the East Coast occurred in February 2004. Scion vehicles were available nationwide in June 2004, coinciding with the release of the 2005 tC. On December 16, 2006, Scion unveiled the next-generation xB, based on the t2B concept, and the new xD, successor of the xA, at an invitation-only, no-camera event in Miami. Both cars were then publicly unveiled on February 8, 2007, at the Chicago Auto Show. The xD, a five-door subcompact car that is sold in Japan as the second generation Toyota Ist, was based on the Yaris platform with the tenth-generation Corolla's engine.\n\nIn September 2010, Scion expanded into Canada, with vehicles offered at 45 selected dealers starting in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, followed by other cities. Launch models included the tC, xD, and xB. The first new Scions were shown in Canada at the 2009 Montreal International Auto Show.\n\n\n=== Struggles ===\nSales of the Scion brand were down to a low of 45,678 for the 2010 model year, compared to over 170,000 for 2006. The management tried to resuscitate the brand, hoping to sell 35,000 to 45,000 tC in a year after the model was redesigned for 2011. In October 2011, the iQ, an ultra-compact city car, debuted as a 2012 model. In April 2012, Jack Hollis (Vice President of Scion) announced that the xB and xD would be dropped after 2012, supposedly in favor of all new models from Toyota's hatchback division, Daihatsu; the same month, the FR-S sports car went on sale as a 2013 model. Later in 2012—despite the announcement of its imminent discontinuation—a facelifted version of the xB was unveiled.\nIn late 2013, the xD and second-generation xB were in their seventh year without a substantial redesign, and Scion sales were still far short of their 2006 peak. Toyota began allowing dealers to drop the Scion marque without penalty. The recently introduced FR-S had strong initial sales, but combined sales of the new FR-S and redesigned tC did not equal sales of the tC alone during 2005 through 2008, and industry observers concluded that the FR-S was cannibalizing sales of the similar tC. iQ sales never met expectations, and by 2014, observers were characterizing it as a \"disappointment.\" A primary goal of the Scion brand was to introduce young first-time buyers to Toyota products, but analysts found that relatively few Scion buyers were making follow-on purchases from the more profitable Toyota and Lexus lines, and Gen Y buyers were generally making more pragmatic car-buying choices than their predecessors due to economic factors.\nFor the 2015 model year, Scion released the iM hatchback, based on the international Toyota Auris, and the iQ, xB, and xD were discontinued. Scion also introduced the iA sedan, a rebadged version of the Mazda2; however, Toyota opted to sell the iA as the Toyota Yaris sedan in Canada.\n\n\n=== Discontinuation ===\nOn February 3, 2016, Toyota announced that theScion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified \"pure price\" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The \"Scion\" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques. peaked in 2006 with 173,034 units sold. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. However, Toyota's initial propositions of short product cycles and aggressive pricing based on low dealer margins became increasingly unsustainable as sales fell after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Toyota abolished the Scion brand at the start of the 2017 model year in August 2016; the vehicles were either rebranded as Toyotas or discontinued.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1999, Toyota launched Project Genesis, an effort to bring younger buyers to the Toyota marque in the United States. This project aimed to create a \"marque within a marque\" in sales and advertising strategy for compact and coupe models sold by Toyota. The effort, which included the introduction of the Toyota Echo economy car, along with late generation Toyota MR-2 and Toyota Celica models, was judged unsuccessful and cancelled in 2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to includeSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Variable Cylinder Management",
"paragraph_text": " follower floats freely while the valve springs keep the valves closed. The system operates through controlling the flow of hydraulic engine oil pressure to locking mechanisms in the cam followers. The engine's drive by wire throttle allows the engine management computer to smooth out the engine's power delivery, making the system nearly imperceptible on some vehicles. When the VCM system disables cylinders, an \"ECO\" indicator lights on the dashboard, Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) pumps an opposite-phase sound through the audio speakers to reduce cabin noise, and Active Control Engine Mount (ACM) systems reduce vibration.\nThe VCM hydraulic circuit control is defaulted open, meaning that the engine has to build up enough oil pressure on initial startup to disable the rear bank of cylinders. A single solenoid on the rear camshaft is activated to close oil pressure to unlock the cam followers, thereby closing the valves. In theory, the closing of all rear bank valves produces an ‘air spring’ effect. However, the reciprocating effect of the piston with closed valves reportedly produces a vacuum condition where oil can get pulled past the piston rings to flood the cylinder. When VCM disengages, the engine then misfires if needing to clear the cylinder of oil. This unique type of oil consumption has led to premature failure of parts like spark plugs, catalytic converters, engine mounts, pistons/rings, and cylinderVariable Cylinder Management (VCM) is Honda's term for its variable displacement technology, which saves fuel by using the i-VTEC system to disable one bank of cylinders during specific driving conditions—for example, highway driving. The 2008–12 Accords took this a step further, allowing the engine to go from 6 cylinders, down to 4, and further down to 3 as the computer sees fit.Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) is Honda's term for its variable displacement technology, which saves fuel by using the i-VTEC system to disable one bank of cylinders during specific driving conditions—for example, highway driving. The 2008–12 Accords took this a step further, allowing the engine to go from 6 cylinders, down to 4, and further down to 3 as the computer sees fit.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the creators of VTEC, Scion's parent company, and Nissan establish manufacturing facilities in the United States? | [
{
"id": 222979,
"question": "Scion >> owned by",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 840908,
"question": "VTEC >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #2 , #1 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | 1981 | [] | true | When did the manufacturer of VTEC, the owner of Scion, and Nissan open US assembly plants? |
2hop__685045_19320 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mexico City",
"paragraph_text": " urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.\nMexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524,The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales, which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias.\nThe 2020 population for the city proper was 9,209,944, with a land area of 1,495 square kilometers (577 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the population of Greater Mexico City is 21,804,515, which makes it the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the world, the second-largest urban agglomeration in the Western Hemisphere (behind São Paulo, Brazil), and the largest Spanish-speaking city (city proper) in the world. Greater Mexico City has a GDP of $411 billion in 2011, which makes it one of the most productive urban areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's GDP, and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of the country's GDP. If it were an independent country in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America.\nMexico City is the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Indigenous people. The city was originally built on a group of islands in Lake Texcoco by the Mexica around 1325, under the name Tenochtitlan. It was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585, it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City played a major role in the Spanish colonial empire as a political, administrative, and financial center. Following independence from Spain, the federal district was established in 1824.\nAfter years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were finally given the right to elect both a head of government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by election in 1997. Ever since, left-wing parties (first the Party of the Democratic Revolution and later the National Regeneration Movement) have controlled both of them. The city has several progressive policies, such as elective abortions, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, same-sex marriage, and legal gender change. On 29 January 2016, it ceased to be the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F.) and is now officially known as Ciudad de México (or CDMX), with a greater degree of autonomy. A clause in the Constitution of Mexico, however, prevents it from becoming a state within the Mexican federation, as long it remains the capital of the country.\n\n\n== Nicknames",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Manuel Isaías López",
"paragraph_text": " Bioethics, and he evolved into a researcher within this field and an International Psychoanalytic Association officer.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nManuel Isaías López was born into a middle-class family on 20 May 1941. Raised as an only child in downtown Mexico City, López's father, Isaías López Suárez, was a Spanish prestigious downtown \"abarrotero\" (grocer) who owned his own food store. López's mother, Carmen Gómez Alatriste (de López), came from a Mexican family with historical lineage in Puebla. Her family had been much involved in the Mexican Liberal Movement of the 19th Century. Carmen's cousin, Aquiles Serdán Alatriste, was a notable figure of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Carmen was also great-granddaughter of Miguel Cástulo Alatriste, a Governor of Puebla who fought as a liberal and was slayed during the \"Guerra de Reforma\" (Reform War).\nManuel Isaías López was exposed to eminent Mexican intellectuals since he was a child. The influence of his academician uncle, Sealtiel L. Alatriste, and the writer and painter Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo) early on promoted his interest of the in-depth study of ideas and emotions. López's mother and grandmother often invited famous members of the Mexican cultural circles to their apartment in San Juan de Letrán Avenue, in downtown Mexico City. The building where López grew up housed the \"Café Súper Leche\", which later gained national prominence when the building collapsed in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake. Many of López's friends from childhood and their families died in the event.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLópez attended the Medical School at UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, with the idea of later training in Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. As a medical student he developed strong relationships with the psychoanalytic group at UNAM, the psychiatrists at General Hospital of Mexico, and - through his father's Spanish connections - to the Hospital Español de México. These relationships would later support his efforts of integratingIn the last quarter of the twentieth century, Manuel Isaías López was considered the most influential psychiatrist in Mexico. In the early eighties, he was simultaneously President of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Association; Secretary General of the Mexican Board of Psychiatry; Director of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at UNAM; and Main Consultant to the System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), a nationwide government funded system of child and family guidance centers. His later contributions were in Bioethics, and he evolved into a researcher within this field and an International Psychoanalytic Association officer.ManIn the last quarter of the twentieth century, Manuel Isaías López was considered the most influential psychiatrist in Mexico. In the early eighties, he was simultaneously President of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Association; Secretary General of the Mexican Board of Psychiatry; Director of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at UNAM; and Main Consultant to the System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), a nationwide government funded system of child and family guidance centers. His later contributions were in Bioethics, and he evolved into a researcher within this field and an International Psychoanalytic Association officer.ry training program in Mexico, at UNAM, from 1972 until 1998.\nIn the last quarter of the twentieth century, Manuel Isaías López was considered the most influential psychiatrist in Mexico. In the early 1980s, he was simultaneously president of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Association; secretary general of the Mexican Board of Psychiatry; director of child and adolescent psychiatry at UNAM; and main consultant to the System for the Integral Development of the Family (DIF), a nationwide government funded system of child and family guidance centers. His later contributions were in Bioethics, and he evolved into a researcher within this field and an International Psychoanalytic Association officer.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nManuel Isaías López was born into a middle-class family on 20 May 1941. Raised as an only child in downtown Mexico City, López's father, Isaías López Suárez, was a Spanish prestigious downtown \"abarrotero\" (grocer) who owned his own food store. López's mother, Carmen Gómez Alatriste (de López), came from a Mexican family with historical lineage in Puebla. Her family had been much involved in the Mexican Liberal Movement of the 19th Century. Carmen's cousin, Aquiles Serdán Alatriste, was a notable figure of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Carmen was also great-granddaughter of Miguel Cástulo Alatriste, a Governor of Puebla who fought as a liberal and was slayed during the \"Guerra de Reforma\" (Reform War).\nManuel Isaías López was exposed to eminent Mexican intellectuals since he was a child. The influence of his academician uncle, Sealtiel L. Alatriste, and the writer and painter Dr. Atl (Gerardo Murillo) early on promoted his interest of the in-depth study of ideas and emotions. López's mother and grandmother often invited famous members of the Mexican cultural circles to their apartment in San Juan de Letrán Avenue, in downtown Mexico City. The building where López grew up housed the \"Café Súper Leche\", which later gained national prominence when the building collapsed in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake. Many of López's friends from childhood and their families died in the event.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLópez attended the Medical School at UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, with the idea of later training in Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. As a medical student he developed strong relationships with the psychoanalytic group at UNAM, the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the global rank of the university that educated Manuel Isaías López? | [
{
"id": 685045,
"question": "Manuel Isaías López >> educated at",
"answer": "UNAM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 19320,
"question": "What worldwide ranking does #1 hold?",
"answer": "74th",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 74th | [] | true | What worldwide ranking does the university where Manuel Isaías López was educated hold? |
2hop__711639_110949 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sarah (Mauro Scocco song)",
"paragraph_text": " recorded at Jungfrugatan in Östermalm, where \"Sarah\" is seen in one of the French windows at Jungfrugatan 52.\nAlso appearing in the video are Catarina Svensk (as \"Sarah\"), Orup and Johan Kinde.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Other versions ==\nAt Dansbandsk\"Sarah\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco on the 1988 album \"Mauro Scocco\". The song charted at Svensktoppen for 14 veckor weeks between 7 October 1988-22 January 1989, topping the chart. The single was released in 1988, and topped the Swedish singles chart. Sarah also became the most popular Trackslistan song of 1988.\"\"Sarah\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco on the 1988 album \"Mauro Scocco\". The song charted at Svensktoppen for 14 veckor weeks between 7 October 1988-22 January 1989, topping the chart. The single was released in 1988, and topped the Swedish singles chart. Sarah also became the most popular Trackslistan song of 1988.8.\nIn the TV program Pluras kök, aired in April 2011, actress Elin Klinga said she was the inspiration for the song. On 20 May 2011, Mauro Scocco confirmed this for P3 Populär.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nParts of the music video were shot in the 7-Eleven store at the corner near Valhallavägen and Artillerigatan. Other parts were recorded at Jungfrugatan in Östermalm, where \"Sarah\" is seen in one of the French windows at Jungfrugatan 52.\nAlso appearing in the video are Catarina Svensk (as \"Sarah\"), Orup and Johan Kinde.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Other versions ==\nAt Dansbandsk\"Sarah\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco on the 1988 album \"Mauro Scocco\". The song charted at Svensktoppen for 14 veckor weeks between 7 October 1988-22 January 1989, topping the chart. The single was released in 1988, and topped the Swedish singles chart. Sarah also became the most popular Trackslistan song of 1988.\"Sarah\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco for his self-titled debut album. Released in 1988 as his debut single, \"Sarah\" reached",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mauro Scocco",
"paragraph_text": " on the Swedish charts; \"Sarah\", \"Vem är han?\" (\"Who is he?\"), \"Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\".Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as Mauro & Plura.\n\n\n== Early life and career ==\nScocco was born in Fristad in Borås. He grew up in Stockholm and in Borås. Scocco formed the pop group Ratata in 1980 along withMauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\". Early life and career ==\nScocco was born in Fristad in Borås. He grew up in Stockholm and in Borås. Scocco formed the pop group Ratata in 1980 along with a few classmates while he was still in school. The first single was \"För varje dag\" (\"For each day\") released on the debut album Ratata in 1981. After the break-up of Ratata in 1989 Scocco started a successful solo career and has released many songs that have reached top positions on the Swedish charts; \"Sarah\", \"Vem är han?\" (\"Who is he?\"), \"Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\".Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as Mauro & Plura.\n\n\n== Early life and career ==\nScocco was born in Fristad in Borås. He grew up in Stockholm and in Borås. Scocco formed the pop group Ratata in 1980 along with a few classmates while he was still in school. The first single was \"För varje dag\" (\"For each day\") released on the debut album Ratata in 1981. After the break-up of Ratata in 1989 Scocco started a successful solo career and has released many songs that have reached top positions on the Swedish charts; \"Sarah\", \"Vem är han?\" (\"Who is he?\"), \"Till de ensamma\" (\"For the lonely\"), \"Nelly\", \"Långsamt farväl\" (\"Long Goodbye\") and \"Överallt\" (\"Everywhere\") are among the most recognized. Besides being a solo artist he also writes and produces music for other pop singers, of which Lisa Nilsson is the most famous. Scocco wrote \"Himlen runt hörnet\" (\"Heaven around the corner\") for her and it became a hit in Scandinavia in the early 1990s that made her career skyrocket.\nIn 1991, Scocco released an album with instrumental piano music, Det Sjungande Trädet (\"The singing tree\"), with inspiration from Erik Satie and expressionistic art. In the spring of 2004, Scocco was a disc jockey in the talkshow Sen kväll med Luuk on TV4, in line with the dry, ironic humour of the show. In the fall of 2005 Scocco released the single \"Kall Stjärna\" (\"Cold star\") from the album Herr Jimsons Äventyr (\"The adventures of Mr. Jimson\"), which made it to the top list over downloaded singles on iTunes.\n\n\n=== Ratata ===\nMauro Scocco was also a lead singer of the four-piece Swedish band Ratata, formed in 1980, which also included Heinz Liljedahl, Anders Skog, and Johan Kling. Their debut single was \"För varje dag\" in 1981 followed by \"Ögon av is\". Both appeared in their self-titled 1982 debut album Ratata. Immediately after release of Jackie, their second album, including the title track as single, Ratata disbanded in 1982 after just three years of activity.\nBut Scocco continued to use the name as a duo when he was joined by Johan Ekelund. For studio and live gigs, the duo relied on musicians to aid in the shows. The duo continued to have a great number of hit singles and released many more charting albums. The duo had a brief comeback in 2002.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nMauro Scocco's brother Sandro Scocco is a well-known Swedish economist.\n\n\n== Discography ==\nFor a full discography while in Ratata from 1980 to 1989, refer to band / duo page)\nAlbums\n\nOthers\n\n2007: Saker Som Jag Gjort: texter & noter – prosa & bilder [Book + 3 CDs]\nSolo compilations\n\nSingles\n\nMauro & Plura\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nUnofficial discography (in Swedish)Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop musician of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as Mauro & Plura.\n\n\n== Early life and career ==\nScocco was born in Fristad in Borås. He grew up in Stockholm and in Borås. Scocco formed",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the artist named Sarah born? | [
{
"id": 711639,
"question": "Sarah >> performer",
"answer": "Mauro Scocco",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 110949,
"question": "What is the date of birth for #1 ?",
"answer": "11 September 1962",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | 11 September 1962 | [] | true | What is the Sarah performer's birth date? |
3hop1__274148_792411_51423 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collective group, as opposed to almost all other bands that had a \"leader\" for whom everyone worked, the band maintained a stable collection of personnel that varied little. Members who broke the rules could be summoned before the \"board\", have their contract bought out, and be ejected from theCasa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Bound by the Beauty",
"paragraph_text": " It received better reviews than her previous album, \"The Walking\", and the title track received more extensive radio airplay than Siberry had seen since \"One More Colour\" in 1985.BBound By the Beauty is a 1989 album by Jane Siberry. It received better reviews than her previous album, \"The Walking\", and the title track received more extensive radio airplay than Siberry had seen since \"One More Colour\" in 1985. track \"Half Angel Half Eagle\" was controversial. Siberry used the images of an angel and an eagle soaring over a city to depict a view of both the beauty and the ugliness of cityBound By the Beauty is a 1989 album by Jane Siberry. It received better reviews than her previous album, \"The Walking\", and the title track received more extensive radio airplay than Siberry had seen since \"One More Colour\" in 1985.Bound By the Beauty is a 1989 album by Jane Siberry. It received better reviews than her previous album, The Walking, and the title track received more extensive radio airplay than Siberry had seen since \"One More Colour\" in 1985.\nThe track \"Half Angel Half Eagle\" was controversial. Siberry used the images of an angel and an eagle soaring over a city to depict a view of both the beauty and the ugliness of city life; the ugliness was apparent in the lyric \"fucking honky nigger Jew/WASP Jap dago fag/fucking homeless preacher dyke/cabbie fucking union scab\". Siberry was commenting on the prevalence of this type of offensive language on the streets of a big city.\nThe track \"The Valley\" was played during the funeral service for John Balance.\n\"Something About Trains\" also appeared (as \"This Old Earth\") on The Top of His Head, the soundtrack to Peter Mettler's film The Top of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Gavin Bradley",
"paragraph_text": " Branford Marsalis and John Coltrane were early influences.\nIn his early teens Bradley developed a strong interest in creating and manipulating music electronically using synthesizers, turntables, tape splicing and effects units. Some electronic influences Bradley cites are experimental Toronto band Syrinx led by Anne Murray keyboardist John Mills-Cockell, early Pink Floyd, Tomita, Giorgio Moroder, Eurythmics, Yaz, Thomas Dolby, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, New Order, William Orbit and Björk.\n\n\n== Early studio work ==\nIn 1991, Bradley relocated to Toronto to study film and music at York University and began a residency at Toronto club Work. In 1992 he began an apprenticeship in Toronto recording studio Number Nine Sound and later was an assistant engineer at R&B production house TazzDab Productions. His early production work included remixes for R&B singer Carlos Morgan, Canadian independent artist Jane Siberry and as well as Sony Music artist Esthero.\n\n\n== Collaborations ==\nThrough Esthero's manager, Canadian Idol judge Zack Werner, Bradley met and began collaborating with Jon Levine, songwriter and keyboard player for The Philosopher Kings. Together they worked with EMI artist Dayna Manning and received a Best R&B Recording Juno Award for JackSoul's 'Sleepless' album on BMG Records. In 2007 they collaborated on 'Calling to Say' for EMI artist Serena Ryder, which rose to No. Gavin Bradley is an award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and producer based in Toronto who has worked with artists like Nelly Furtado, Tori Amos and Jane Siberry. Fusing acoustic and electronic elements, his work is identifiable for its signature \"warm\" piano sound and live strings mixed with filtered synthesizers and other electronic manipulations . Besides production, Bradley is a solo recording artist. His debut album 'Deep Freeze' was released on UMI Records in 2006.== Early years ==\nGrowing up in Ottawa, Bradley began studying classical piano at four. At age 10, he obtained a pre-1900 Nordheimer upright piano. Bradley eventually used a sampler to record each key of this oddly detuned piano at many different volumes, recreating a digital version of it to be used as an organic centerpiece in his recordings and later on in his live shows. Also studying jazz saxophone from 14, saxophonists Stuart Matthewman of Sade, Branford Marsalis and John Coltrane were early influences.\nIn his early teens Bradley developed a strong interest in creating and manipulating music electronically using synthesizers, turntables, tape splicing and effects units. Some electronic influences Bradley cites are experimental Toronto band Syrinx led by Anne Murray keyboardist John Mills-Cockell, early Pink Floyd, Tomita, Giorgio Moroder, Eurythmics, Yaz, Thomas Dolby, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, New Order, William Orbit and Björk.\n\n\n== Early studio work ==\nIn 1991, Bradley relocated to Toronto to study film and music at York University and began a residency at Toronto club Work. In 1992 he began an apprenticeship in Toronto recording studio Number Nine Sound and later was an assistant engineer at R&B production house TazzDab Productions. His early production work included remixes for R&B singer Carlos Morgan, Canadian independent artist Jane Siberry and as well as Sony Music artist Esthero.\n\n\n== Collaborations ==\nThrough Esthero's manager, Canadian Idol judge Zack Werner, Bradley met and began collaborating with Jon Levine, songwriter and keyboard player for The Philosopher Kings. Together they worked with EMI artist Dayna Manning and received a Best R&B Recording Juno Award for JackSoul's 'Sleepless' album on BMG Records. In 2007 they collaborated on 'Calling to Say' for EMI artist Serena Ryder, which rose to No. 1 on the Canadian charts.\nBradley's work on Nelly Furtado's third album 'Loose' brought him to the attention of Los Angeles writer-producer Rick Nowels resulting in collaborations on material for Joss Stone, Kylie Minogue, Charlotte Church and Shaznay Lewis of All Saints. Holly Knight, another Los Angeles writer-producer brought Bradley in to work on material for The Donnas, Alaina Beaton and Joe Elliot of Def Leppard.\nIn 2009 Bradley began composing music for film and theatre. He was nominated for an Outstanding Sound Design/Composition Dora Award for the Darren Anthony play Secrets of a Black Boy.\n\n\n== Solo singer-songwriter work ==\nIn 2006 Bradley released 'Deep Freeze', his first solo album as a singer-songwriter, on Prozzak/Philosopher Kings guitarist James Bryan's label UMI Records. In Canadian newspaper The National Post interviewer Mike Doherty refers to 'Bradley's trademark piano, which sounds as though it were recorded underwater",
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] | What is the castle called in the hometown of the artist who performed Bound by the Beauty? | [
{
"id": 274148,
"question": "Bound by the Beauty >> performer",
"answer": "Jane Siberry",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 792411,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle in the birthplace of the performer of Bound by the Beauty? |
2hop__91211_90973 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of Family Guy cast members",
"paragraph_text": " ===\nSeth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. The voice for Glenn Quagmire is based on 1940s and 1950s radio commercials. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.\nMacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, including news anchor Tom Tucker, Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt and Dr. Hartman. He is the only cast member to be in every episode.\n\n\n=== Alex Borstein ===\nAlex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was \"really sight unseen\". At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original season), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied \"Make it a little less fucking annoying ... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours.\"\n\n\n=== Seth Green ===\nSeth Green primarily plays Chris Griffin and Neil Goldman. Green stated that he did an impression of the \"Buffalo Bill\" character from the thriller film The Silence of the Lambs during his audition. His main inspiration for Chris' voice came from envisioning how \"Buffalo Bill\" would sound if he were speaking through a public address system at a McDonald's.\n\n\n=== Mila Kunis ===\nMila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after the auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as \"the scapegoat\". She further explained, \"Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14-year-old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what-not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.\"\n\n\n=== Mike Henry ===\nMike Henry is the voice of Cleveland Brown, John Herbert “The Pervert”, Bruce, Consuela, and various other characters. A Family Guy writer and producer, he began acting on the show as part of the recurring cast repertory (see below) but was promoted to main cast member in 2005. Since the cancellation of The Cleveland Show, he also voices Cleveland's step-son Rallo Tubbs on Family Guy. On June 26, 2020, after twenty years of voicing the character, Mike Henry announced on Twitter that he was stepping down from voicing Cleveland, stating \"persons of color should play characters of color.\" On September 25, 2020, it was announced that Arif Zahir would take over as the voice of Cleveland.\n\n\n== Recurring cast ==\nIn addition to both its main cast and guest stars, Family Guy utilizes a deep bench of regularly appearing supporting voice actors. Some appear in nearly every episode each season, while others appear less frequently. Some of these actors specifically play recurring characters, while others mainly play background citizens of Quahog or characters in cutaway gags.\nThe current supporting cast repertory includes the following actors:\n\nIn addition to the above, the following actors were formerly regularly recurring voice actors in the series:\n\n\n== Recurring guest voices ==\n\nThe recurring guest voices include Norm Macdonald and Adam Carolla as Death, Patrick Stewart as Susie Swanson, Scott Grimes as Kevin Swanson, Sanaa Lathan as Donna Tubbs Brown and Emily Osment as Ruth Cochamer. Previous recurring guests included Phyllis Diller in three episodes as Peter's Mother, Thelma, and Charles Durning as Peter's father, Francis. Both characters have since died, but Durning returned once to play Francis as a ghost. Early in the show's run, Fred Willard and Jane Lynch had a recurring role as a family of nudists and James Woods as himself. In 2020, it was announced that Sam Elliott would take over as Quahog's new mayor, Mayor West's estranged cousin Wyld West.\n\n\n== Casting changes ==\nLacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited. Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork.\nJon Cryer voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance before the role passed to Seth MacFarlane. The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned.\nFairuza BalkMila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.''Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.'' voice actors, in portraying the various character personalities on the show, draw inspiration from celebrities and pop culture. Family Guy characters have been played by more than one actor, after members of the show left the series or had conflicting obligations.\nKunis was nominated for an Annie Award for voicing Meg Griffin in the season 5 episode \"Barely Legal\" and MacFarlane has also won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production, though no other cast member has won an award for their work on the series.\n\n\n== Current cast ==\n\nFrom seasons 1 to 4, Family Guy had four main cast members. Since season 5, there have been five main cast members. The casting of Meg Griffin changed after season 1.\n\n\n=== Seth MacFarlane ===\nSeth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. St",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Meg Griffin",
"paragraph_text": " Mateo High School, graduating in 1942, and continued to aid in financing the school. He attended San Mateo Junior College and then the University of San Francisco. Griffin was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon.\nDuring World War II, Griffin was declared 4F after failing several military physical examinations due to a slight heart murmur. During the Korean War several years later, he was examined and deemed healthy enough to serve, but by that time was above age 26 and exempt from the draft.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Singing ===\nGriffin started as a singer on radio at age 19, appearing on San Francisco Sketchbook, a nationally syndicated program based at KFRC. He was overweight as an adolescent and a young man, which disappointed some radio fans when they saw him in person. Griffin wrote years later in his autobiography that there was a deliberate effort to keep the public from finding out how he looked. He resolved to change his appearance and lost 80 pounds in four months.\nFreddy Martin heard Griffin on the radio show and asked him to tour with his orchestra, which he did for four years.\nBy 1945, Griffin had earned enough money to form his own record label, Panda Records, which produced Songs by MervMeg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality American to Mervyn Edward Griffin Sr., a stockbroker, and Rita Elizabeth Griffin (née Robinson), a homemaker. He had an older sister named Barbara. As a child, Griffin used to play Hangman games with his sister during family road trips. It was these games which inspired him to create the game show Wheel of Fortune in 1975. The family was Irish American. Raised as a Catholic, Griffin started singing in his church choir as a boy, and by his teens was earning extra money as a church organist. His abilities as a pianist played a part in his early entry into show business.\nGriffin attended San Mateo High School, graduating in 1942, and continued to aid in financing the school. He attended San Mateo Junior College and then the University of San Francisco. Griffin was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon.\nDuring World War II, Griffin was declared 4F after failing several military physical examinations due to a slight heart murmur. During the Korean War several years later, he was examined and deemed healthy enough to serve, but by that time was above age 26 and exempt from the draft.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Singing ===\nGriffin started as a singer on radio at age 19, appearing on San Francisco Sketchbook, a nationally syndicated program based at KFRC. He was overweight as an adolescent and a young man, which disappointed some radio fans when they saw him in person. Griffin wrote years later in his autobiography that there was a deliberate effort to keep the public from finding out how he looked. He resolved to change his appearance and lost 80 pounds in four months.\nFreddy Martin heard Griffin on the radio show and asked him to tour with his orchestra, which he did for four years.\nBy 1945, Griffin had earned enough money to form his own record label, Panda Records, which produced Songs by Merv Griffin, the first U.S. album ever recorded on magnetic tape. In 1947, Griffin had a 15-minute weekday singing program on KFRC in San Francisco.\nGriffin became increasingly popular with nightclub audiences, and his fame soared among the general public with his 1950 hit \"I've Got a Lovely B",
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] | Who provided the initial voiceover for the character that Mila Kunis later portrayed in The Cleveland Show? | [
{
"id": 91211,
"question": "who does mila kunis play in the cleveland show",
"answer": "Meg Griffin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 90973,
"question": "who did the original voice of #1",
"answer": "Lacey Chabert",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Lacey Chabert | [] | true | Who did the original voice of the character played by mila kunis in the cleveland show? |
3hop1__337705_132457_51423 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collective group, as opposed to almost all other bands that had a \"leader\" for whom everyone worked, the band maintained a stable collection of personnel that varied little. Members who broke the rules could be summoned before the \"board\", have their contract bought out, and be ejected from the band.\nThe band was led for the first few years by violinist Hank Biagini, although the eventual leader, saxophonist Glen Gray (1900 – Casa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.\nThe band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard \"Sunrise Serenade\" in 1938 with Frankie Carle on piano.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldk",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Danko Jones",
"paragraph_text": "aniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle whoDanko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC' Calabrese (bass guitar) and Rich Knox (drums). The band's rock music includes elements of punk and they are known for their humorous lyrics and energetic live shows.Danko Jones is a Canadian rock trio from Toronto, Ontario. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), John 'JC' Calabrese (bass guitar) and Rich Knox (drums). The band's rock music includes elements of punk and they are known for their humorous lyrics and energetic live shows.Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born July 22, 1970) is a former American football offensive tackle who played for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at University of Maine.\n\n\n== References ==Daniel T. Jones (born",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Never Too Loud",
"paragraph_text": ":31\n\"Let's Get Undressed\" – 3:07\n\"King of Magazines\" – 3:18\n\"Forest for the Trees\" (featuring John Garcia (Kyuss, Hermano) and Pete Stahl (Scream, Wool, Goatsnake) – 6:06\n\"Your Tears, My Smile\" – 3:31\n\"Something Better\" – 3:04\n\"Ravenous\" – 3:11\n\"Never Too Loud\" – 3:02\n\"You Ruin the Day\" (digipak bonus track) – 3:24\n\"Sugar High\" (digipak bonus track) – 3:37\n\"RIP RFTC\" (iTunes bonus track) – 2:24\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nRecorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, California\nProduced by Nick Raskulinecz\nMastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound\nArt direction by Morgan Alfredsson\nAll songs written and performed by Danko Jones\nPublishing by Danko Jones, SOCAN\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Never Too Loud is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Danko Jones. It was recorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, with the producer Nick RNever Too Loud is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Danko Jones. It was recorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, with the Grammy Award winning record producer Nick Raskulinecz.NeverNever Too Loud is the fourth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Danko Jones. It was recorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles, with the Grammy Award winning record producer Nick Raskulinecz.\"Code of the Road\" – 2:57\n\"City Streets\" – 4:02\n\"Still in High School\" – 2:26\n\"Take Me Home\" – 3:31\n\"Let's Get Undressed\" – 3:07\n\"King of Magazines\" – 3:18\n\"Forest for the Trees\" (featuring John Garcia (Kyuss, Hermano) and Pete Stahl (Scream, Wool, Goatsnake) – 6:06\n\"Your Tears, My Smile\" – 3:31\n\"Something Better\" – 3:04\n\"Ravenous\" – 3:11\n\"Never Too Loud\" – 3:02\n\"You Ruin the Day\" (digipak bonus track) – 3:24\n\"Sugar High\" (digipak bonus track) – 3:37\n\"RIP RFTC\" (iTunes bonus track) – 2:24\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nRecorded at Studio 606 in Los Angeles",
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] | What is the title of the castle located in the city that birthed the artist who performed Never Too Loud? | [
{
"id": 337705,
"question": "Never Too Loud >> performer",
"answer": "Danko Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 132457,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle in the city where the performer of Never Too Loud was formed? |
4hop1__463635_624859_355213_203322 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Gold Hill, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "old Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States near the Cabarrus County line. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 372. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road.\n\n\n== Mining ==\nGold was first discovered in what would become the town of Gold Hill in southeastern Rowan County in 1824. $6 million in gold was mined here prior to the Civil War and a mint was located in Charlotte as a result. In the 1840s, Gold Hill was \"a raucous mining camp town with a considerable number of saloons and brothels.\" The Barnhardt shaft, named for Col. George Barnhardt of the Reed Mine (NC State Historic Site) family, was opened in 1842 and reached a depth of 435 feet. The Earnhardt/Randolph Mine Shaft was opened in 1843 across the street from the Barnhardt Mine and reached a depth of 850 feet becoming the deepest gold mine in the United States. The Barnhardt and Randolph mines together were described as \"the richest and most productive gold mines east of the Mississippi\". Gold Hill was incorporated in 1843 and had a population of 3000 people and a total of 23 mines in the Gold Hill Mining District. The California Gold Rush and the American Civil War significantly reduced the mining activity. Although some mining occurred in the years following the Civil War a greater resurgence of mining began with the purchase of the Gold Hill Mines and the establishment of 'The New Gold Hill Mining Company' based in London, England. Considerable profits were realized with gold being shipped to England during the period of 1880-1900. Production came to an end by 1915.\n\n\n== Tourist attraction ==\nThe town's first Founders' Day, which was not called by that name, took place in 1989 and was not intended to become an annual event, but it ended up being so popular that a steering committee was formed for the purpose of starting a foundation to find and preserve the town's heritage. The Historic Gold Hill and Mines Foundation, Inc. began in 1992, and that year, a second Founders' Day took place. Gold Hill Mines Historic Park began with a donation of 16 acres by Billie Johnson and was dedicated in 1993; by the 25th Founders' Day it was 70 acres. Founders' Day became an annual event on the fourth Saturday in September, and they were moved from the fire department to the park located at 735 St. Stephens Church Road.\nE.H. Montgomery General Store, Mauney’s Store, the jail and a rock wall date back to the 1840s. Several buildings were moved to and restored for what has been described as a \"re-creation\" of a historic village. A gas station built in 1928 was moved from UGold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.Gold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.Gold Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States near the Cabarrus County line. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 372. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road.\n\n\n== Mining ==\nGold was first discovered in what would become the town of Gold Hill in southeastern Rowan County in 1824. $6 million in gold was mined here prior to the Civil War and a mint was located in Charlotte as a result. In the 1840s, Gold Hill was \"a raucous mining camp town with a considerable number of saloons and brothels.\" The Barnhardt shaft, named for Col. George Barnhardt of the Reed Mine (NC State Historic Site) family, was opened in 1842 and reached a depth of 435 feet. The Earnhardt/Randolph Mine Shaft was opened in 1843 across the street from the Barnhardt Mine and reached a depth of 850 feet becoming the deepest gold mine",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "The Definitive Collection (Eric Carmen album)",
"paragraph_text": ", Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Percussion\nWally Bryson – Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Vocals\nCharles Calello – Horn Arrangements\nTony Camillo – Horn Arrangements\nBurton Cummings – Piano\n– Percussion\nJimmie Haskell – Horn Arrangements\nJames Newton Howard – Synthesizer\nDan Hrdlicka – Guitar, Background Vocals\nBruce Johnston – Background Vocals\nSteve Knill – Bass, Background Vocals\nDanny Kortchmar – Acoustic Guitar\nD. Dwight Krueger – Drums, Percussion, Background Vocals\nMichael McBride – Drums, Percussion, Vocals, Background Vocals\nScott McCarl – Bass, Acoustic Guitar, Vocals\nTommy Morgan – Harmonica\nNigel Olsson – Drums, Background Vocals\nJoe Porcaro – Drums, Percussion\nRichard Reising – Guitar, Electric Guitar, Harpsichord, Synthesizer, Background Vocals\nValerie Carter – Background Vocals\nJoe ChemayThe Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by ClevelandThe Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by Cleveland, Ohio singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It features five hits by the Raspberries, a power pop group which he led in the early 1970s. It also contains his versions of two major hits which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, two popular songs from the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and his greatest hit, \"All By Myself\". at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 5, 1976.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes, \"The Definitive Collection lives up to its title. Over the course of a single disc",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Cleveland, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles FoardCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.== History ==\nThe town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland, Cowansville, was established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tonight You're Mine",
"paragraph_text": "irelles song \"Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow\", though this is not confirmed. It peaked at #160 on the \"Billboard\" album chart. It contained the singles \"It Hurts Too Much\" (#75 US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number three in South Africa) and \"All For Love\".Tonight You're Mine is a 1980 album by Eric Carmen. There is speculation that its title was inspired by the opening line in the Shirelles song \"Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow\", though this is not confirmed. It peaked at #160 on the \"Billboard\" album chart. It contained the singles \"It Hurts Too Much\" (#75 US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number three in South Africa) and \"All For Love\". 4:00\n\"All for Love\" - 3:59\n\"Tonight You're Mine\" - 3:59\n\"Sleep with Me\" - 4:01\n\"Inside Story\" - 3:37\n\"Foolin' Myself\" - 5:33\n\"You Need Some LovinTonight You're Mine is a 1980 album by Eric Carmen. There is speculation that its",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which county borders the county that is home to the birthplace of the artist who performed 'Tonight You're Mine'? | [
{
"id": 463635,
"question": "Tonight You're Mine >> performer",
"answer": "Eric Carmen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 624859,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Cleveland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 355213,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Rowan County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 203322,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Cabarrus County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Cabarrus County | [] | true | What county shares a border with the county where the birthplace of Tonight You're Mine's performer is located? |
2hop__31124_31122 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Idealism",
"paragraph_text": " idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered \"real\". Because there are different types of idealism, it is difficult to define the term uniformly.\nIndian philosophy contains some of the first defenses of idealism, such as in Vedanta and in Shaiva Pratyabhijña thought. These systems of thought argue for an all-pervading consciousness as the true nature and ground of reality. Idealism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In the West, idealism traces its roots back to Plato in ancient Greece, who proposed that absolute, unchanging, timeless ideas constitute the highest form of reality: Platonic idealism. This was revived and transformed in the early modern period by Immanuel Kant's arguments that our knowledge of reality is completely based on mental structures: transcendental idealism.\nEpistemologically, idealism is accompanied by a rejection of the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism asserts that the existence of all things depends upon the mind; thus, ontological idealism rejects the perspectives of physicalism and dualism. In contrast to materialism, idealism asserts the primacy of consciousness as the origin and prerequisite of all phenomena.\nIdealism came under heavy attack in the West at the turn of the 20th century. The most influential critics were G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, but its critics also included the new realists and Marxists. The attacks by Moore and Russell were so influential that even more than 100 years later \"any acknowledgment of idealistic tendencies is viewed in the English-speaking world with reservation.\" However, many aspects and paradigms of idealism did still have a large influence on subsequent philosophy.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\nIdealism is a term with several related meanings. It comes via Latin idea from the Ancient Greek idea (���δέα) from idein (���δε���ν), meaning \"to see\". The term entered the English language by 1743. The term idealism was first used in the abstract metaphysical sense of the \"belief that reality is made up only of ideas\" by Christian Wolff in 1747. The term re-entered the English language in this abstract sense by 1796. A. C. Ewing gives this influential definition:\n\nthe view that there can be no physical objects existing apart from some experience...provided that we regard thinking as part of experience and do not imply by \"experience\" passivity, and provided we include under experience not only human experience but the so-called \"Absolute Experience\" or the experience of a God such as Berkeley postulates.\nA more recent definition by Willem deVries sees idealism as \"roughly, the genus comprises theories that attribute ontological priority to the mental, especially the conceptual or ideational, over the non-mental.\" As such, idealism entails a rejection of materialism (or physicalism) as well as the rejection of the mind-independent existence of matter (and as such, also entails a rejection of dualism).\nThere are two main definitions of idealism in contemporary philosophy, depending on whether its thesis is epistemic or metaphysical:\n\nMetaphysical idealism or ontological idealism is the view which holds that all of reality is in some way mental (or spirit, reason, or will) or at least ultimately grounded in a fundamental basis which is mental. This is a form of metaphysical monism because it holds that there is only one type of thing in the universe. The modern paradigm of a Western metaphysical idealism is Berkeley's immaterialism. Other such idealists are Hegel, and Bradley.\nEpistemological idealism (or \"formal\" idealism) is a position in epistemology that holds that all knowledge is based on mental structures, not on \"thingsSubjective idealists like George Berkeley are anti-realists in terms of a mind-independent world, whereas transcendental idealists like Immanuel Kant are strong skeptics of such a world, affirming epistemological and not metaphysical idealism. Thus Kant defines idealism as \"the assertion that we can never be certain whether all of our putative outer experience is not mere imagining\". He claimed that, according to idealism, \"the reality of external objects does not admit of strict proof. On the contrary, however, the reality of the object of our internal sense (of myself and state) is clear immediately through consciousness.\" However, not all idealists restrict the real or the knowable to our immediate subjective experience. Objective idealists make claims about a transempirical world, but simply deny that this world is essentially divorced from or ontologically prior to the mental. Thus Plato and Gottfried Leibniz affirm an objective and knowable reality transcending our subjective awareness—a rejection of epistemological idealism—but propose that this reality is grounded in ideal entities, a form of metaphysical idealism. Nor do all metaphysical idealists agree on the nature of the ideal; for Plato, the fundamental entities were non-mental abstract forms, while for Leibniz they were proto-mental and concrete monads.ism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In the West, idealism traces its roots back to Plato in ancient Greece, who proposed that absolute, unchanging, timeless ideas constitute the highest form of reality: Platonic idealism. This was revived and transformed in the early modern period by Immanuel Kant's arguments that our knowledge of reality is completely based on mental structures: transcendental idealism.\nEpistemologically, idealism is accompanied by a rejection of the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism assertsThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Idealism",
"paragraph_text": " thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism assertsThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered \"real\". Because there are different types of idealism, it is difficult to define the term uniformly.\nIndian philosophy contains some of the first defenses of idealism, such as in Vedanta and in Shaiva Pratyabhijña thought. These systems of thought argue for an all-pervading consciousness as the true nature and ground of reality. Idealism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In theThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.ism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In the West, idealism traces its roots back to Plato in ancient Greece, who proposed that absolute, unchanging, timeless ideas constitute the highest form of reality: Platonic idealism. This was revived and transformed in the early modern period by Immanuel Kant's arguments that our knowledge of reality is completely based on mental structures: transcendental idealism.\nEpistemologically, idealism is accompanied by a rejection of the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism assertsThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered \"real\". Because there are different types of idealism, it is difficult to define the term uniformly.\nIndian philosophy contains some of the first defenses of idealism, such as in Vedanta and in Shaiva Pratyabhijña thought. These systems of thought argue for an all-pervading consciousness as the true nature and ground of reality. Idealism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In the West, idealism traces its roots back to Plato in ancient Greece, who proposed that absolute, unchanging, timeless ideas constitute the highest form of reality: Platonic idealism. This was revived and transformed in the early modern period by Immanuel Kant's arguments that our knowledge of reality is completely based on mental structures: transcendental idealism.\nEpistemologically, idealism is accompanied by a rejection of the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism asserts that the existence of all things depends upon the mind; thus, ontological idealism rejects the perspectives of physicalism and dualism. In contrast to materialism, idealism asserts the primacy of consciousness as the origin and prerequisite of all phenomena.\nIdealism came under heavy attack in the West at the turn of the 20th century. The most influential critics were G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, but its critics also included the new realists and Marxists. The attacks by Moore and Russell were so influential that even more than 100 years later \"any acknowledgment of idealistic tendencies is viewed in the English-speaking world with reservation.\" However, many aspects and paradigms of idealism did still have a large influence on subsequent philosophy.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\nIdealism is a term with several related meanings. It comes via Latin idea from the Ancient Greek idea (���δέα) from ide",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which century did a prominent advocate of subjective idealism reside? | [
{
"id": 31124,
"question": "Who is a notable subjective idealist?",
"answer": "George Berkeley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 31122,
"question": "What century did #1 live in?",
"answer": "18th",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | 18th | [
"18th-century",
"18th century"
] | true | What century did a notable subjective idealist live in? |
2hop__499577_617190 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress",
"paragraph_text": " art.\nThe Crisis discusses the life of a young actress' metamorphosis into a mature refined woman. When the actress first starts out in her career she is admired for her beauty, youthfulness, and novelty. Years later, although these accidentalThe actress in question is Johanne Luise Heiberg, the wife of Johan Ludvig Heiberg, although she is not mentioned by name in the articles. Johanne Luise was a popular and leading lady of the Danish stage at the time and she had written an autobiographical reflection of her life, in which she praised Kierkegaard for his insight into her art.TheThe actress in question is Johanne Luise Heiberg, the wife of Johan Ludvig Heiberg, although she is not mentioned by name in the articles. Johanne Luise was a popular and leading lady of the Danish stage at the time and she had written an autobiographical reflection of her life, in which she praised Kierkegaard for his insight into her art. Inter.\nThe actress in question is Johanne Luise Heiberg, the wife of Johan Ludvig Heiberg, although she is not mentioned by name in the articles. Johanne Luise was a popular and leading lady of the Danish stage at the time and she had written an autobiographical reflection of her life, in which she praised Kierkegaard for his insight into her art.\nThe Crisis discusses the life of a young actress' metamorphosis into a mature refined woman. When the actress first starts out in her career she is admired for her beauty, youthfulness, and novelty. Years later, although these accidentalThe actress in question is Johanne Luise Heiberg, the wife of Johan Ludvig Heiberg, although she is not mentioned by name in the articles. Johanne Luise was a popular and leading lady of the Danish stage at the time and she had written an autobiographical reflection of her life, in which she praised Kierkegaard for his insight into her art.The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress (Danish: Krisen og en Krise i en Skuespillerindes Liv) was a series of articles written by the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1847 and published in the Danish newspaper Fædrelandet (The Fatherland) in 1848 under the pseudonym Inter et Inter.\nThe actress in question is Johanne Luise Heiberg, the wife of Johan Ludvig Heiberg, although she is not mentioned by name in the articles. Johanne Luise was a popular and leading lady of the Danish stage at the time and she had written an autobiographical reflection of her life, in which she praised Kierkegaard for his insight into her art.\nThe Crisis discusses the life of a young actress' metamorphosis into a mature refined woman. When the actress first starts out in her career she is admired for her beauty, youthfulness, and novelty. Years later, although these accidental attributes are fading, she is still a talented actress, and she now possesses the experience and reflection needed for a truly aesthetic performance. The theme revolves around the transitions from the aesthetic stage of life to the ethical stage of life, and how a person in the ethical stage of life is still capable of aesthetic enjoyment.\nAlthough Kierkegaard was writing philosophical-religious works at this time, such as Works of Love, Kierkegaard wrote The Crisis to show that a religious author can still write and appreciate aesthetic concerns. \"The world is indeed so weak that, when it believes that a person who proclaims the religious is incapable of the aesthetic, it overlooks the religious\".\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nD. Anthony on The CrisisThe Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress (",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Johan Ludvig Heiberg (poet)",
"paragraph_text": " was educated at the University of Copenhagen, and his first publication, entitled The Theatre for Marionettes (1814), included two romantic dramas. This was followed by Christmas Jokes and New Years Tricks (1816), The Initiation of Psyche (1817), and The Prophecy of Tycho Brahe, a satire on the eccentricities of the Romantic writers, especially on the sentimentality of Ingemann. These works attracted attention at a time when Baggesen, Oehlenschläger and Ingemann possessed the popular ear, and were understood at once to be the opening of a great career.\nIn 1817 Heiberg took his degree, and in 1819 went abroad with a grant from government. He proceeded to Paris, and spent the next three years there with his father. In 1822 he published his drama Nina and was made professor of the Danish language at the University of Kiel, where he delivered a course of lectures, comparing the Scandinavian mythology as found in the Edda with the poems of Oehlenschläger. These lectures were published in German in 1827.\nIn 1825 Heiberg came back to Copenhagen for the purpose of introducing the vaudeville on the Danish stage. He composed a great number of these vaudevilles, of which the best known are King Solomon and George the Hatmaker (1825); April Fools (1826); A Story in Rosenborg Garden (1827); Kjøge Huskors (1831); The Danes in Paris (1833); No (1836); and Yes (1839). He took his models from the French theatre, but showed extraordinary skill in blending the words and the music; but the subjects and the humour were essentially Danish and even topical.\nMeanwhile he was producing dramatic work of a more serious kind; in 1828 he brought out the national drama of Elves' Hill (Danish: Elverhøi); in 1830 The Inseparables; in 1835 the fairy comedy of The Elves, a dramatic version of Tieck's Elfin; and in 1838 Fata Morgana. In 1841 Heiberg published a volume of New Poems containing A Soul after Death, a comedy which is perhaps his masterpiece, The Newly Wedded Pair, and other pieces.\nHe edited from 1827 toJohan Ludvig Heiberg (14 December 1791 – 25 August 1860), Danish poet, playwright, literary critic, literary historian son of the political writer Peter Andreas Heiberg (1758–1841), and of the novelist, afterwards the Baroness Gyllembourg-Ehrensvärd, was born in Copenhagen. He promoted Hegelian philosophy and introduced vaudeville to Denmark.JJohan Ludvig Heiberg (14 December 1791 – 25 August 1860), Danish poet, playwright, literary critic, literary historian son of the political writer Peter Andreas Heiberg (1758–1841), and of the novelist, afterwards the Baroness Gyllembourg-Ehrensvärd, was born in Copenhagen. He promoted Hegelian philosophy and introduced vaudeville to Denmark. Biography ==\nIn 1800 his father was exiled and settled in Paris, where he was employed in the French foreign office, retiring in 1817 with a pension. His political and satirical writings continued to exercise great influence over his fellow countrymen. Johan Ludvig Heiberg was taken by K.L. Rahbek and his wife into their house, Bakkehuset (now part of the Danish Maritime Safety Administration). He was educated at the University of Copenhagen, and his first publication, entitled The Theatre for Marionettes (1814), included two romantic dramas. This was followed by Christmas Jokes and New Years Tricks (1816), The Initiation of Psyche (1817), and The Prophecy of Tycho Brahe, a satire on the eccentricities of the Romantic writers, especially on the sentimentality of Ingemann. These works attracted attention at a time when Baggesen, Oehlenschläger and Ingemann possessed the popular ear, and were understood at once to be the opening of a great career.\nIn 1817 Heiberg took his degree, and in 1819 went abroad with a grant from government. He proceeded to Paris, and spent the next three years there with his father. In 1822 he published his drama Nina and was made professor of the Danish language at the University of Kiel, where he delivered a course of lectures, comparing the Scandinavian mythology as found in the Edda with the poems of Oehlenschläger. These lectures were published in German in 1827.\nIn 1825 Heiberg came back to Copenhagen for the purpose of introducing the vaudeville on the Danish stage. He composed a great number of these vaudevilles, of which the best known are King Solomon and George the Hatmaker (1825); April Fools (1826); A Story in Rosenborg Garden (1827); Kjøge Huskors (1831); The Danes in Paris (1833); No (1836); and Yes (1839). He took his models from the French theatre, but showed extraordinary skill in blending the words and the music; but the subjects and the humour were essentially Danish and even topical.\nMeanwhile he was producing dramatic work of a more serious kind; in 1828 he brought out the national drama of Elves' Hill (Danish: Elverhøi",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to Peter Andreas Heiberg's offspring? | [
{
"id": 499577,
"question": "Peter Andreas Heiberg >> child",
"answer": "Johan Ludvig Heiberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 617190,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Johanne Luise Heiberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Johanne Luise Heiberg | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the child of Peter Andreas Heiberg? |
3hop1__132968_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam taggingA facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to include Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa. In March 1974, OAPEC lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflict ===\nEver since Israel declared independence in 1948 there was conflict between Arabs and Israelis in the Middle East, including several wars. The Suez Crisis, also known as the Second Arab–Israeli war, was sparked by Israel's southern port of Eilat being blocked by Egypt, which alsoSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese comp",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Daihatsu Charmant",
"paragraph_text": " Charmant was based on the E20 Corolla platform.The Daihatsu Charmant is a subcompact sedan built by Daihatsu of Japan, based on the Toyota Corolla. It was replaced by the Daihatsu Applause. The Charmant was originally a spin-off of the Toyota Corolla of the 1970s; model changes paralleled those of the Corolla. All Charmants were fitted with Toyota inline-four engines, ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 litres. The word \"charmant\" is French for charming.The Daihatsu Charmant (Japanese: ��イ����・シャルマン, Hepburn: Daihatsu Sharuman) is a subcompact sedan built by Daihatsu of Japan, based onThe Daihatsu Charmant is a subcompact sedan built by Daihatsu of Japan, based on the Toyota Corolla. It was replaced by the Daihatsu Applause. The Charmant was originally a spin-off of the Toyota Corolla of the 1970s; model changes paralleled those of the Corolla. All Charmants were fitted with Toyota inline-four engines, ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 litres. The word \"charmant\" is French for charming.-four engines, ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 litres. The word charmant is French for \"charming.\"\nWhen it was introduced, it was the largest Daihatsu sold in Japan,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the body style of the rx 350 altered by the luxury division of the company responsible for producing the Daihatsu Charmant? | [
{
"id": 132968,
"question": "What company made Daihatsu Charmant?",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | [] | true | When did the luxury division of the company that made Daihatsu Charmant change the body style of the rx 350? |
2hop__487706_40502 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": " resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society.\nThe remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. By theIn the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.The Huguenots ( HEW-gə-nots, UK also -��nohz, French: [y��(ə)no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Besançon Hugues (1491–1532), was in common use by the mid-16th century. Huguenot was frequently used in reference to thoseAfter the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to ca. 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot.[citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the Dutch Republic in 1715. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685.\nThe Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Condé. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.\nHuguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Battle of the Kentish Knock",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Kentish Knock (or the Battle of the Zealand Approaches) was a naval battle between the fleets of the Dutch Republic and England, fought on 28 September 1652 (8 October Gregorian calendar), during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the shoal called the Kentish Knock in the North Sea about thirty kilometres east of the mouth of the river Thames. The Dutch fleet, internally divided on political, regional and personal grounds, proved incapable of making a determined effort and was soon forced to withdraw, losing two ships and many casualties. In Dutch the action is called the Slag bij de Hoofden.\n\n\n== Backgrounds ==\nDutch Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp had been suspended by the States-General of the Netherlands after his failure to bring the English to battle off the Shetland Islands in August, and replaced as supreme commander of the confederate Dutch fleet by the Hollandic Vice-Admiral Witte de With of the Admiralty of the Maze. This caused an immediate rift between the provinces of Holland and Zealand as De With was the personal enemy of the commander of the Zealandic fleet, Vice-Admiral Johan Evertsen, who himself had quit service because of a conflict with the States-General. Earlier tensions had been moderated by the fact that both Tromp and Evertsen were staunch Orangists, but De With was a loyal servant of the States regime that had dominated Dutch politics since the death of stadtholder William II of Orange.\nDe With, having for months advocated a more aggressive naval policy aimed at destroying the enemy fleet instead of passively defending the merchant convoys against English attack, now saw an opportunity to concentrate his forces and gain controlThe Battle of the Kentish Knock (or the Battle of the Zealand Approaches) was a naval battle between the fleets of the Dutch Republic and England, fought on 28 September 1652 (8 October Gregorian calendar), during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the shoal called the Kentish Knock in the North Sea about thirty kilometres east of the mouth of the river Thames. The Dutch fleet, internally divided on political, regional and personal grounds, proved incapable of making a determined effort and was soon forced to withdraw, losing two ships and many casualties. In Dutch the action is called the \"Slag bij de Hoofden\".The Battle of the Kentish Knock (or the Battle of the Zealand Approaches) was a naval battle between the fleets of the Dutch Republic and England, fought on 28 September 1652 (8 October Gregorian calendar), during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the shoal called the Kentish Knock in the North Sea about thirty kilometres east of the mouth of the river Thames. The Dutch fleet, internally divided on political, regional and personal grounds, proved incapable of making a determined effort and was soon forced to withdraw, losing two ships and many casualties. In Dutch the action is called the \"Slag bij de Hoofden\".The Battle of the Kentish Knock (or the Battle of the Zealand Approaches) was a naval battle between the fleets of the Dutch Republic and England, fought on 28 September 1652 (8 October Gregorian calendar), during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the shoal called the Kentish Knock in the North Sea about thirty kilometres east of the mouth of the river Thames. The Dutch fleet, internally divided on political, regional and personal grounds, proved incapable of making a determined effort and was soon forced to withdraw, losing two ships and many casualties. In Dutch the action is called the Slag bij de Hoofden.\n\n\n== Backgrounds ==\nDutch Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp had been suspended by the States-General of the Netherlands after his failure to bring the English to battle off the Shetland Islands in August, and replaced as supreme commander of the confederate Dutch fleet by the Hollandic Vice-Admiral Witte de With of the Admiralty of the Maze. This caused an immediate rift between the provinces of Holland and Zealand as De With was the personal enemy of the commander of the Zealandic fleet, Vice-Admiral Johan Evertsen, who himself had quit service because of a conflict with the States-General. Earlier tensions had been moderated by the fact that both Tromp",
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}
] | What was the pre-emigration population of the republic that took part in The Battle of the Kentish Knock? | [
{
"id": 487706,
"question": "Battle of the Kentish Knock >> participant",
"answer": "Dutch Republic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 40502,
"question": "What was the population of #1 before this emigration?",
"answer": "2 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 2 million | [] | true | What was the population of the republic that participated in The Battle of the Kentish Knock before this emigration? |
4hop1__105688_17130_70784_79935 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (from ancestor Eber), Zion, and Judea, were considered but rejected. The name Israel was suggested by Ben-Gurion and passed by a vote of 6–3. In the early weeks after establishment, the government chose the term Israeli to denote a citizen of the Israeli state.\nThe names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically been used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the entire Jewish people respectively. The name Israel (Hebrew: Yīsrā��ēl; Septuagint Greek: ���σραήλ, Israēl, \"El (God) persists/rules\", though after Hosea 12:4 often interpreted as \"struggle with God\") refers to the patriarch Jacob who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was given the name after he successfully wrestled with the angel of the Lord. The earliest known archaeological artefact to mention the word Israel as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt (dated to the late 13th century BCE).\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Prehistory ===\n\nEarly hominin presence in the Levant, where Israel is located, dates back at least 1.5 million years based on the Ubeidiya prehistoric site. The Skhul and Qafzeh hominins, dating back 120,000 years, are some of the earliest traces of anatomically modern humans outside ofIsrael (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1] who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (from ancestor Eber), Zion, and Judea, were considered but rejected. The name Israel was suggested by Ben-Gurion and passed by a vote of 6–3. In the early weeks after establishment, the",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.\n\n\n== Boundaries ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This section of the border with Yemen was demarcated in 1934 and is one of the few clearly defined borders with a neighbouring country. The Saudi border running southeast from Najran, however, is undetermined. The undemarcated border became an issue in the early 1990s, when oil was discovered in the area and Saudi Arabia objected to the commercial exploration by foreign companies on behalf of Yemen. In the summer of 1992, representatives of Saudi Arabia and Yemen met in Geneva to discuss settlement of the border issue.\nTo the north, Saudi Arabia is bounded by Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. The northern boundary extends almost 1,400 km (870 mi) from the Gulf of Aqaba on the west to Ras al Khafji on the Persian Gulf. In 1965, Saudi Arabia and Jordan agreed to boundary demarcations involving an exchange of areas of territory. Jordan gained 19 km (12 mi) of land on the Gulf of Aqaba and 6,000 square kilometers of territory inThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "History of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modernFor much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930. 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to modern-day Pakistan in the east) in",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Eyal Golan",
"paragraph_text": "yal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in IsraelEyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in Israel. Eyal Golan reported the highest income of all singers in Israel in 2011.Eyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings in the Mizrahi style and considered one of the most successful singers of this genre in Israel. Eyal Golan reported the highest income of all singers in Israel in 2011.Eyal Golan (; born Eyal Biton on April 12, 1971) is an Israeli singer who sings",
"is_supporting": true
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] | When was the area situated north of Eyal Golan's location and the Persian Gulf established? | [
{
"id": 105688,
"question": "Which was the country for Eyal Golan?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 17130,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Middle East",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and the persian gulf",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 79935,
"question": "when was #3 created",
"answer": "1930",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | 1930 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of where Eyal Golan is located and the Persian Gulf created? |
2hop__2682_577502 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": " Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor.California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery. Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be includedCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.Vultures 1 is the debut studio album by the American hip hop supergroup ¥$, composed of the rapper Kanye West and the singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be included due to clearance issues. West and Ty Dolla Sign previewed tracks at the Vultures Rave listening party in December 2023, two months before holding numerous public events in Chicago, New York, and Milan. The album was initially distributed using the FUGA platform, allegedly in violation of FUGA's service agreement, and a withdrawal was made from streaming services on February 15, 2024. However, it was then re-distributed by Label Engine the same day. \nIn contrast to West's previous two albums, Jesus Is King (2019) and Donda (2021), Vultures 1 finds him forgoing religious themes and addressing his preceding controversies, as well as themes of money, relationships, sex, and fame. It also sees him returning to an explicit tracklist, with his previous three albums only featuring tracks with clean or censored lyrics. The cover art features West dressed in all-black with his hockey mask, joined by his partner Bianca Censori. The title track was issued as the album's lead single in November 2023, followed three months later by \"Talking / Once Again\" and \"Carnival\", the latter of which topped the US Billboard Hot 100. Music videos were produced for all of the singles, with a new version of \"Vultures\" produced by Havoc being used for the first of its visuals.\nReleased in the wake of West's antisemitic comments, Vultures 1 polarised music critics, many of whom criticized its lyrics regarding the matter—as well as his other controversies. However, some complimented the production and Ty Dolla Sign's contributions. The album marked West's 11",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Chrétien DuBois",
"paragraph_text": " He died sometime after 1641.\nChretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage. \nSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDuBois Family Association\nHistoric Huguenot StreetChrétien du Bois (1597-1655) was a French official in the Comté (Count) of Coupigny.\nHe was the father of three Protestant French-speaking immigrants to colonial New York. One of these, Louis Dubois, was among the founders of New Paltz, New York, in the late 1600s.\nChretien du Bois was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.\nChretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coupigny. He died sometime after 1641.\nChretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage. \nSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDuBois Family Association\nHistoric Huguenot StreetChrétien du Bois (1597-1655) was a French official in the Comté (Count) of Coupigny.\nHe was the father of three Protestant French-speaking immigrants to colonial New York. One of these, Louis Dubois, was among the founders of New Paltz, New York, in the late 1600s.\nChretien du Bois was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.\nChretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coupigny. He died sometime after 1641.\nChretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage. \nSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the prominent official who is endorsing laws as a tribute to Donda West's untimely passing? | [
{
"id": 2682,
"question": "What famous governor signed legislation in honor of Donda West's death?",
"answer": "Arnold Schwarzenegger",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 577502,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Maria Shriver",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Maria Shriver | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the famous governor signing legislation in honor of Donda West's death? |
3hop2__304722_238553_63959 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture.\n\n\n== Third round proper ==\nThe four Third Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 March 1895. There were no replays.\n\n\n== Semi-finals ==\nThe semi-final matches were both played on Saturday, 16 March 1895. Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion went on to meet in the final at Crystal Palace.\n\n\n== Final ==\n\nThe final was contested by Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace. Aston Villa won 1–0, with Bob Chatt being credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history, scored after just 30 seconds. Devey found Hodgetts, whose cross was laid off by Athersmith to Chatt, whose half volley took a deflection.\n\n\n=== Match details ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nFA Cup Final Results 1872-\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\nOfficial site; fixtures and results service at TheFA.com\n1894-95 FAThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": "Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Peter Till",
"paragraph_text": "Till started his career with the Birmingham City youth system before making his first-team debut in 2005. He was loaned to Scunthorpe United, Boston United, Leyton Orient and Grimsby Town, whom he joined permanently in 2007. Till made an appearance at Wembley Stadium in the 2008 Football League Trophy Final and was loaned to Chesterfield in 2009. He was released after making over 80 appearances for Grimsby and subsequently joined hometown club Walsall. Being released after one season with the club, he joined York City of the Conference Premier in 2010. Till signed for Fleetwood Town a year later and won the Conference Premier title in his one season with the club.Till started his career with the Birmingham City youth system before making his first-team debut in 2005. He was loaned to Scunthorpe United, Boston United, Leyton Orient and Grimsby Town, whom he joined permanently in 2007. Till made an appearance at Wembley Stadium in the 2008 Football League Trophy Final and was loaned to Chesterfield in 2009. He was released after making over 80 appearances for Grimsby and subsequently joined hometown club Walsall. Being released after one season with the club, he joined York City of the Conference Premier in 2010. Till signed for Fleetwood Town a year later and won the Conference Premier title in his one season with the club.Peter Till (born 7 September 1985) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger.\nHe has played in the Football League for Scunthorpe United, Boston United, Leyton Orient, Grimsby Town, Chesterfield and Walsall. Till started his career with the Birmingham City youth system before making his first-team debut in 2005. He was loaned to Scunthorpe United, Boston United, Leyton Orient and Grimsby Town, whom he joined permanently in 2007. Till made an appearance at Wembley Stadium in the 2008 Football League Trophy Final and was loaned to Chesterfield in 2009. He was released after making over 80 appearances for Grimsby and subsequently joined hometown club Walsall. Being released after one season with the club, he joined York City of the Conference Premier in 2010. Till signed for Fleetwood Town a year later and won the Conference Premier title in his one season with the club.\n\n\n== Playing career ==\n\n\n=== Birmingham City ===\nTill was born in Walsall, West Midlands. He came through the Birmingham City youth system after joining the club as a schoolboy and he signed a two-year professional contract on 4 July 2005. He was included in the matchday first-team squad on a few occasions during the 2004–05 season, with Academy manager Stewart Hall commenting \"When he has trained and worked with the first team he has looked very good and he has had an excellent season in the reserves and looked a real threat\". He made his debut as an 85th minute substitute in a 2–0 victory over League One team Scunthorpe United in the League Cup on 20 September 2005. Till was loaned to Scunthorpe United for a month on 5 October 2005 after being brought to their attention in the game weeks earlier, with manager Brian Laws commenting \"I've watched him twice more since our game and I've liked what I've seen\". His debut came two days later in a 2–0 victory over Tranmere Rovers. The loan deal was extended until January 2006 after Till impressed Laws. He returned to Birmingham on 9 January 2006, having made only 10 appearances for Scunthorpe due to injury and illness.\nTill was loaned out again on 13 January 2006, joining League Two club Boston United. He made his debut a day later in a 1–0 victory at Chester City and his only goal came in a 3–1 victory over Bury on 21 January 2006. On 31 January 2006, the loan was extended until the end of the 2005–06 season and he finished his spell at the club with 16 appearances and one goal. Till joined League One club Leyton Orient on a one-month loan on 6 October 2006. His debut came the following day, making the starting line-up in a 0–0 draw with Chesterfield and he picked up an injury on his final appearance, a 3–1 defeat to Bristol City in the Football League Trophy on 1 November 2006. Orient opted not to extend Till's loan and his period at the club ended on 4 November 2006 with five appearances to his name.\n\n\n=== Grimsby Town ===\nHaving failed to establish himself at Birmingham, Till joined Grimsby Town of League Two on an initial one-month loan on 23 November 2006. Tony Butcher of Cod Almighty described him as an \"instant hit with wonderful wingery\" on his debut in a 2–0 victory over Accrington Stanley on 25 November 2006. After impressing manager Alan Buckley during his loan at Blundell Park, Grimsby agreed a deal with Birmingham and offered Till a permanent contract. He eventually joined Grimsby on a two-and-a-half-year contract on 5 January 2007, having already made seven appearances for the team during the 2006–07 season. His first appearance following his permanent transfer was a 2–0 defeat to Chester on 9 January 2007. Till received the first yellow card of his career in a 1–0 defeat to Swindon Town on 17 March 2007 and he finished the season with 22 appearances.\nHis first appearance of the 2007–08 season came in a 1–1 draw with Notts County on 11 August 2007 and his first goal came in a 4–1 victory over Huddersfield Town in the Football League Trophy on 4 September 2007. He played six games and scored two goals in Grimsby's Football League Trophy run in the 2007–08 season, which saw Grimsby reach the final. Till started the game as Grimsby were beaten 2–0 by Milton Keynes Dons (MK Dons) at Wembley Stadium on 30 March 2008. He finished the season with 44 appearances and four goals.\nTill started the 2008–09 season by playing in a 0–0 draw with Rochdale on 9 August 2008 and he scored in the local derby against League Two rivals Lincoln City at Sincil Bank in a 1–1 draw on 30 August. Till joined fellow League Two club Chesterfield on a one-month loan on 15 January 2009, having made 21 appearances and scored two goals for Grimsby up to that point during the season. He made his debut in a 3–1 victory at Chester on 17 January 2009 and in February the loan was extended until the end of the season after impressing manager Lee Richardson. Grimsby released him on 30 April 2009 and in retrospect he commented \"It has been a wake-up call if I am honest. I have realised that I can't coast if I want to get to where I want to be. I have to give 110 per cent every day, not just in games\". Till finished the loan at Chesterfield with 16 appearances.\n\n\n=== Walsall ===\nTill signed for League One club Walsall on a free transfer on a one-year contract on 23 July 2009 following a successful trial with the club. He commented \"To be at my hometown club gives me an extra incentive to do well\". His debut came in a 1–0 victory at Brighton & Hove Albion on 8 August 2009, in which he was substituted in the 88th minute. Till suffered a hamstring injury in September 2009, which allowed midfielder Mark Bradley to get a run in the team. After returning to fitness he made his comeback as a 74th-minute substitute in a 1–0 defeat at MK Dons on 10 October 2009 and started on his next appearance, which was a 2–1 defeat at Colchester United on 24 October. He picked up a minor injury in a 1–1 draw with Charlton Athletic on 2 February 2010 and he was able to feature in the next game, a 0–0 draw with Bristol Rovers. During Walsall's 2–1 victory at Leeds United on 16 February 2010 he picked up a hamstring injury and he returned to the team after entering a 2–0 defeat at Leyton Orient on 13 March as a 77th-minute substitute. He finished an injury-hit 2009–10 season with 30 appearances for Walsall before the club released him on 10 May 2010.\n\n\n=== York City ===\nTill signed a one-year contract with Conference Premier club York City on 29 June 2010 and following the move he said \"I spoke to a number of clubs but this felt right. The gaffer made me feel really wanted so that was a key decision in coming\". He made his debut in the opening game of the 2010–11 season as a 38th-minute substitute for Levi Mackin in a 2–1 defeat to Kidderminster Harriers on 14 August 2010. His first goal for York came in his next appearance after he scored the",
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}
] | When did Peter Till's athletic squad last defeat the team that triumphed in the 1894-95 FA Cup? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 238553,
"question": "Peter Till >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 1 December 2010 | [] | true | When was the last time Peter Till's sports team beat the winner of the 1894-95 FA Cup? |
3hop1__145194_160545_34754 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, priorBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khetBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": ", while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\n\n=== Names of the war ===\nIn Allied countries during the war, the \"Pacific War\" was not usually distinguished from World War II, or was known simply as the War against Japan. In the United States, the term Pacific theater was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China Burma India theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.\nJapan used the name Greater East Asia War (大��������, Dai Tō-A Sensō), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–The official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Siddhi Savetsila",
"paragraph_text": "Siddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok. He comes from an aristocratic background. His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government. His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama V (Chulalongkorn). His mother was an offspring of the influential Bunnag family, the daughter of Thet Bunnag (later Chao Phraya Suraphan Phisut), making him a direct descendant of Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse. the president of the united nations security council in 1985 with Mom Luang Birabhongse Kasemsri.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\n\nSiddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok. He is a member of the Thai aristocracy. His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government. His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama V (Chulalongkorn). His mother was an offspring of the influential Bunnag family. He is a direct descendant of Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse.\nSiddhi studied metallurgic engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduating with an S.B. degree in 1943. During the Second World War, he joined the Free Thai Movement (Seri Thai) which resisted against the de facto occupation of Thailand by Japanese forces. He collected data for the US foreign-intelligence agency OSS (predecessor of the CIA) and was temporarily detained by the Japanese. Two of Siddhis sisters married US intelligence operatives, one was the wife of former OSS agent Willis Bird and one of CIA officer William Lair. After the end of the war, he returned to the MIT and received his S.M. degree in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Why does the United States think that the birth country of Siddhi Savetsila assisted Japan? | [
{
"id": 145194,
"question": "Where was Siddhi Savetsila born in?",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 34754,
"question": "What does the U.S. believe caused #2 to help Japan?",
"answer": "blackmail",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | blackmail | [
"Blackmail"
] | true | What does the US believe caused this country where Siddhi Savetsila was born in to help Japan? |
2hop__135668_561444 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Menachem Mendel Schneerson",
"paragraph_text": "As leader of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, he took an insular Hasidic group that almost came to an end with the Holocaust and transformed it into one of the most influential movements in religious Jewry, with an international network of over 5,000 educational and social centers. The institutions he established include kindergartens, schools, drug-rehabilitation centers, care-homes for the disabled, and synagogues.\nSchneerson's published teachings fill more than 400 volumes, and he is noted for his contributions to Jewish continuity and religious thought, as well as his wide-ranging contributions to traditional Torah scholarship. He is recognized as the pioneer of Jewish outreach. During his lifetime, many of his adherents believed that he was the Messiah. His own attitude to the subject, and whether he openly encouraged this, is hotly debated among academics. During Schneerson's lifetime, the messianic controversy and other issues elicited fierce criticism from many quarters in the Orthodox world, especially earning him the enmity of Rabbi Elazar Shach.\nIn 1978, the U.S. Congress asked President Jimmy Carter to designate Schneerson's birthday as the national Education Day in the U.S. It has been since commemorated as Education and Sharing Day. In 1994, Schneerson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his \"outstanding and lasting contributions toward improvements in world education, morality, and acts of charity\". Schneerson's resting place attracts both Jews and non-Jews for prayer.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life and education ===\n\nMenachem Mendel Schneerson was born on April 5, 1902 (OS) (11 Nissan, 5662), in the Black Sea port of Nikolaev in the Russian Empire (now Mykolaiv in Ukraine). His father was rabbi Levi Yitzchak Schneerson, a renowned Talmudic scholar and authority on Kabbalah and Jewish law. His mother was Rebbetzin Chana Schneerson (née Yanovski). He was named after the third Chabad rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, the Tzemach Tzedek, from whom he was a direct patrilineal descendant.\nIn 1907, when Schneerson was five years old, the family moved to Yekatrinoslav (today, Dnipro), where Rabbi Levi Yitzchak was appointed Chief Rabbi of the city. He served until 1939, when he was exiled by the Soviets to Kazakhstan. Schneerson had two younger brothers: Dov Ber, who was murdered in 1944 by Nazi collaborators, and Yisrael Aryeh Leib, who died in 1952 while completing doctoral studies at Liverpool University.\nDuring his youth, he received a private education and was tutored by Zalman Vilenkin from 1909 through 1913. When Schneerson was 11 years old, Vilenkin informed his father that he had nothing more to teach his son. At that point, Levi Yitzchak began teaching his son Talmud and rabbinic literature, as well as Kabbalah. Schneerson proved gifted in both Talmudic and Kabbalistic study and also took exams as an external student of the local Soviet school. He was considered an illui and genius, and by the time he was 17, he had mastered the entire Talmud, some 5,422 pages, as well as all its early commentaries.\nThroughout his childhood, Schneerson was involved in the affairs of his father's office. He was also said to have acted as an interpreter between the Jewish community and the Russian authorities on a number of occasions. Levi Yitzchak's courage and principles were a guide to his son for the rest of his life. Many years later, when he once reminisced about his youth, Schneerson said \"I have the education of the first-born son of the rabbi of Yekaterinoslav. When it comes to saving lives, I speak up whatever others may say.\"\nSchneerson went on to receive separate rabbinical ordinations from the Rogatchover Gaon, Joseph Rosen, and Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg, author of Sridei Aish.\n\n\n=== Marriage and family life ===\nIn 1923, Schneerson visited the sixth Chabad-Lubavitch Rebbe, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, for the first time. He met the rabbi's middleMenachem Mendel Schneerson and Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn were both descendants of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, known as the Tzemach Tzedek, the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch. Schneerson later commented that the day of his marriage bound the community to him and him to the community.MMenachem Mendel Schneerson and Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn were both descendants of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn, known as the Tzemach Tzedek, the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch. Schneerson later commented that the day of his marriage bound the community to him and him to the community. April 5, 1902 OS – June 12, 1994; AM 11 Nissan 5662 – 3 Tammuz 5754), known to adherents of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement as the Lubavitcher Rebbe or simply the Rebbe, He was one of the",
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},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Chaya Mushka Schneersohn",
"paragraph_text": " Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of theChaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe.ChChaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe. 1988), referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin, was the wife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh and last rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of theChaya Mushka Schneersohn was the daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri, the second Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement, and the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn the third Rebbe.Chaya Mushka (Moussia) Schneerson (Yiddish: ��י�� מו����א שני��ו����א��; March 16, 1901 – February 10, 1988), referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin, was the wife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh and last rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism. She was the second of three daughters of the sixth Lubavitcher rebbe, Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn. She was named after the wife of the third Lubavitcher rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneersohn.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\n\nShe was born in Babinovichi, near the city of Lubavitch on Shabbat, the 25th of Adar of the year 5661 (March 16, 1901 (NS); March 3, 1901 (OS)). At the request of her grandfather, Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, she was named Chaya Mushka after her great great grandmother, the wife of Menachem Mendel Schneersohn. She lived in Lubavitch until the autumn of 1915 when due to World War I, she and her family fled to Rostov. In 1920, on the death of her grandfather, the fifth Lubavitcher rebbe, Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, her father became the sixth rebbe of Lubavitch.\nIn May 1924, she moved with her family to Leningrad, where her father was forced to go after several years of being singled out for persecution by the local Jewish section of the Communist Party in Rostov. In the autumn of 1927, her father was imprisoned for disseminating Torah observance, and she participated in successful efforts to have him released. His sentence was commuted to exile, and Chaya Mushka accompanied her father to Kostroma. After his release, the Schneersohn family left the Soviet Union and moved to Riga, Latvia.\n\n\n=== Marriage ===\n\nIn 1928 she married Menachem Mendel Schneerson in Warsaw",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the offspring who was named after her grandfather, the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch? | [
{
"id": 135668,
"question": "Whom is Menachem Mendel Schneerson named after?",
"answer": "Menachem Mendel Schneersohn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 561444,
"question": "#1 >> follows",
"answer": "Dovber Schneuri",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Dovber Schneuri | [] | true | Who is daughter to the third Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch, named after his father? |
2hop__849534_122868 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pierre Berton",
"paragraph_text": " Yukon, where his father had moved for the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush. His family moved to Dawson City, Yukon in 1921. His mother, Laura Beatrice Berton (maiden name Laura Beatrice Thompson), was a schoolteacher in Toronto until she was offered a job as aLike his father, Pierre Berton worked in Klondike mining camps during his years as a history major at the University of British Columbia, where he also worked on the student paper \"The Ubyssey\". He spent his early newspaper career in Vancouver, where at 21 he was the youngest city editor on any Canadian daily, replacing editorial staff that had been called up during the Second World War. historical works for youth. He was a reporter and war correspondent, an editor at Maclean's Magazine and The Toronto Star and, for 39 years, a guest on Front Page Challenge. He was a founder of the Writers' Trust of Canada, and won many honours and awards.\n\n\n== Early years ==\nBerton was born on July 12, 1920, in Whitehorse, Yukon, where his father had moved for the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush. His family moved to Dawson City, Yukon in 1921. His mother, Laura Beatrice Berton (maiden name Laura Beatrice Thompson), was a schoolteacher in Toronto until she was offered a job as a teacher in Dawson City at the age of 29 in 1907. She met Frank Berton in the nearby mining town of Granville shortly after settling in Dawson and teaching kindergarten. Laura Beatrice Berton's autobiography of life in the Yukon entitled I Married the Klondike was published in her later years and gave her what her son Pierre describes as \"a modicum of fame, which she thoroughly enjoyed.\" At the time, Dawson City was a highly remote place. After visiting Dawson City in the summer of 1939 to see some old friends, it took Berton a week to go from Dawson City to Whitehorse as the only means of a transport was an old paddle-wheeler named the Casca that moved slowly down the Yukon river. Growing up in Dawson City, which had briefly during the Klondike gold rush of the 1890s been one of Canada's largest cities, left Berton with an eye for the colourful. During his childhood he encountered numerous eccentric people who had gone north during the gold rush and ended up staying in Dawson City after the gold rush ended.\n\nBerton's family moved to Victoria,",
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Secret World of Og",
"paragraph_text": " children. The Secret World of Og brought the author more fan mail than anything else he wrote – at least a dozen letters a week from children across Canada.\n\n\n== Plot introduction ==\nIn this fantasy adventure, four children — Penny, the leader; Pamela, her common-sense sister; Peter, whose life's ambition is to become a garbageman; and Patsy, who collects frogs in her pockets — set out in search of their baby brother, Paul, better known as “The Pollywog,” who has vanished mysteriously from their playhouse. Accompanied by their fearless pets, the children descend through a secret trapdoor into a strange underground world of mushrooms, whose green inhabitants know only one word: “OG!”\n\n\n== Film, TV or theatrical adaptations ==\nThe Secret World of Og served to inspire an animated action-adventure television series produced in 2006 and airing on CBC Television, Canada's national public broadcaster. The series also airs in the United States on Starz Kids and Family with a TV-PG rating, despite its family-oriented nature.\nAn animated television special based on the book, also called The Secret World of Og produced by Hanna-Barbera, was previously broadcast in 1983 in the United States as part of ABC Weekend Specials during its sixth season.\nThe TV series extends the storyline of the original book, following the five Berton siblings as they descend through a hole in the floor of their playhouse to explore the underground world of Og. There, amid subterranean rivers, caverns and elaborate villages built of mushrooms, they interact with little green creatures called Ogs, and their myriad neighbours - trolls, ogresThe Secret World of Og is a children's novel written by Pierre Berton and illustrated by his daughter Patsy. It was first published in 1961 by McClelland and Stewart.TheThe Secret World of Og is a children's novel written by Pierre Berton and illustrated by his daughter Patsy. It was first published in 1961 by McClelland and Stewart.This Canadian classic has sold more than 200,000 copies in four editions.\nOf his forty-seven books, this was Berton's personal favourite, partly because the characters were inspired by his own children. The Secret World of Og brought the author more fan mail than anything else he wrote – at least a dozen letters a week from children across Canada.\n\n\n== Plot introduction ==\nIn this fantasy adventure, four children — Penny, the leader; Pamela, her common-sense sister; Peter, whose life's ambition is to become a garbageman; and Patsy, who collects frogs in her pockets — set out in search of their baby brother, Paul, better known as “The Pollywog,” who has vanished mysteriously from their playhouse. Accompanied by their fearless pets, the children descend through a secret trapdoor into a strange underground world of mushrooms, whose green inhabitants know only one word: “OG!”\n\n\n== Film, TV or theatrical adaptations ==\nThe Secret World of Og served to inspire an animated action-adventure television series produced in 2006 and airing on CBC Television, Canada's national public broadcaster. The series also airs in the United States on Starz Kids and Family with a TV-PG rating, despite its family-oriented nature.\nAn animated television special based on the book, also called The Secret World of Og produced by Hanna-Barbera, was previously broadcast in 1983 in the United States as part of ABC Weekend Specials during its sixth season.\nThe TV series extends the storyline of the original book, following the five Berton siblings as they descend through a hole in the floor of their playhouse to explore the underground world of Og. There, amid subterranean rivers, caverns and elaborate villages built of mushrooms, they interact with little green creatures called Ogs, and their myriad neighbours - trolls, ogresThe Secret World of Og is a children's novel written by Pierre Berton and illustrated by his daughter Patsy. It was first published in 1961 by McClelland and Stewart.The Secret World of Og is a children's novel written by Pierre Berton and illustrated by his daughter Patsy. It was first published in 1961 by McClelland and Stewart.\nThis Canadian classic has sold more than 200,000 copies in four editions.\nOf his forty-seven books, this was Berton's personal favourite, partly because the characters were inspired by his own children. The Secret World of Og brought the author more fan mail than anything else he wrote – at least a dozen letters a week from children across Canada.\n\n\n== Plot introduction ==\nIn this fantasy adventure, four children — Penny, the leader; Pamela, her common-sense sister; Peter, whose life's ambition is to become a garbageman; and Patsy, who collects frogs in her pockets — set out in search of their baby brother, Paul, better known as “The Pollywog,” who has vanished mysteriously from their playhouse. Accompanied by their fearless pets, the children descend through a secret trapdoor into a strange underground world of mushrooms, whose green inhabitants know only one word: “OG!”\n\n\n== Film, TV or theatrical adaptations ==\nThe Secret World of Og served to inspire an animated action-adventure television series produced in 2006 and airing on CBC Television, Canada's national public broadcaster. The series also airs in the United States on Starz Kids and Family with a TV-PG rating, despite its family-oriented nature.\nAn animated television special based on the book, also called The Secret World of Og produced by Hanna-Barbera, was previously broadcast in 1983 in the United States as part of ABC Weekend Specials during its sixth season.\nThe TV series extends the storyline of the original book, following the five Berton siblings as they descend through a hole in the floor of their playhouse to explore the underground world of Og. There, amid subterranean rivers, caverns and elaborate villages built of mushrooms, they interact with little green creatures called Ogs, and their myriad neighbours - trolls, ogres and fairies, and a mysterious sea monster named Nessie.\nCarousel Theatre produced",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which higher education institution did the writer of The Secret World of Og attend? | [
{
"id": 849534,
"question": "The Secret World of Og >> author",
"answer": "Pierre Berton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 122868,
"question": "What is the university where #1 went?",
"answer": "University of British Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | University of British Columbia | [
"The University of British Columbia"
] | true | What university did the author of The Secret World of Og go to? |
4hop1__161605_32392_823060_610794 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). GeorgeAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers. unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adoptedAs many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play \"Porgy\" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of",
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},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "WWNQ",
"paragraph_text": "inese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-culturalWWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.\n\n\n== Description ==\nChinese era names were titles adopted for the purpose of identifying and numbering years in Imperial China. Era names originated as mottos or slogans chosen by the reigning monarch and usually reflected the political, economic and/or social landscapes at the time. For instance, the first era name proclaimed by the Emperor Wu of Han, Jianyuan (建元; lit. \"establishing the origin\"), was reflective of its status as the first era name. Similarly",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, andForest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Darlington County, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "2), of which 560.59 square miles (1,451.9 km2) is land and 5.66 square miles (14.7 km2) (1.00%) is water.\n\n\n=== State and local protected areas/sites ===\nGreat Pee Dee River Heritage Preserve Wildlife Management Area\nKalmia Gardens\nSegars-McKinnon Heritage Preserve\n\n\n=== Major water bodies ===\nBack Swamp\nBlack Creek\nCedar Creek\nGreat Pee Dee River\nHigh Hill Creek\nDarlington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of 2016, its estimated population was 67,234. Its county seat is Darlington. Hartsville is the largest city in the county. Darlington County is home to the Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500. Darlington County is also home to Coker College in Hartsville. Darlington County was named by an act in March 1785.Darlington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of 2016, its estimated population was 67,234. Its county seat is Darlington. Hartsville is the largest city in the county. Darlington County is home to the Darlington Raceway, which hosts the annual NASCAR Southern 500. Darlington County is also home to Coker College in Hartsville. Darlington County was named by an act in March 1785.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which county is the city situated that is proximal to the capital city of the state where Darlington County is found? | [
{
"id": 161605,
"question": "Where is Darlington County located?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 32392,
"question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 823060,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Forest Acres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 610794,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Richland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Richland County | [
"Richland County, South Carolina"
] | true | What county is the city that shares a border with the state capital of the state where Darlington County located in? |
2hop__51113_84616 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Moon River",
"paragraph_text": ", Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes. In 2022, Williams' rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress.\nThe song's success was responsible for relaunching Mercer's career as a songwriter, which had stalled in the mid-1950s because rock and roll had replaced jazz standards as the popular music of the time. The song's popularity is such that it has been used as a test sample in a study on people's memories of popular songs. Comments about the lyrics have noted that they are particularly reminiscent of Mercer's youth in the southern United States and his longing to expand his horizons. Robert Wright wrote in The Atlantic Monthly, \"This is a love sung [sic] to wanderlust. Or a romantic song in which the romantic partner is the idea of romance.\" An inlet near Savannah, Georgia, Johnny Mercer's hometown, was named Moon River in honor of him and this song.\n\n\n== Versions ==\n\n\n=== Original ===\nMercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and he connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul \"Fred\" Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, accompanying herself on the guitar while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments.\nThere was an eruption of behind-the-scenes consternation when a Paramount Pictures executive, Martin Rackin, suggested removing the song from the film after a tepid Los Angeles preview. Hepburn's reaction was described by Mancini and others in degrees varying from her saying, \"Over my dead body!\" to her using more colorful language to make the same point.\nAn album version was recorded by MMercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's. The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways. As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn. Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul ``Fred ''Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, and accompanying herself on the guitar, while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments. In 1999, Mancini's recording was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.\nThe song has been recorded by many other artists. It became the theme song for Andy Williams, who first recorded it in 1962 (and performed it at the Academy Awards ceremony that year). He sang the first eight bars of the song at the beginning of each episode of his eponymous television show and named his production company and venue in Branson, Missouri, after it; his autobiography is called \"Moon River\" and Me. Williams' version was never released as a single, but it charted as an LP track that he recorded for Columbia on a hit album of 1962, Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes. In 2022, Williams' rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress.\nThe song's success was responsible for relaunching Mercer's career as a songwriter, which had stalled in the mid-1950s because rock and roll had replaced jazz standards as the popular music of the time. The song's popularity is such that it has been used as a test sample in a study on people's memories of popular songs. Comments about the lyrics have noted that they are particularly reminiscent of Mercer's youth in the southern United States and his longing to expand his horizons. Robert Wright wrote in The Atlantic Monthly, \"This is a love sung [sic] to wanderlust. Or a romantic song in which the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn",
"paragraph_text": ". Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== BAFTA Awards ===\nThe BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation. Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three. In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\nThe Golden GlobeAudrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.8.\nPost-humously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, while her contributions to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her a Grammy Award. Hepburn stands as one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards. She has been honored on United States postage stamps, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The American Film Institute has repeatedly recognized her talent, placing Hepburn third on its list of the top 100 female stars of all time and placing several of the films she starred in on its 100 best... lists.\n\n\n== EGOT ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\nThe Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry. Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For which accomplishment did the actress, for whom Mercer and Mancini composed the song 'Moon River', receive a Tony Award? | [
{
"id": 51113,
"question": "who did mercer and mancini write the song moon river for",
"answer": "Audrey Hepburn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 84616,
"question": "what did #1 won a tony for",
"answer": "for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine | [
"leading role",
"lead",
"leading actress"
] | true | What did the actress whom mercer and mancini wrote the song moon river for win a tony for? |
2hop__20256_74481 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Godfather Part II",
"paragraph_text": "ily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who isThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.The Godfather is a trilogy of American crime films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the 1969 novel of the same name by Italian American author Mario Puzo. The films follow the trials of the fictional Italian American mafia Corleone family whose patriarch, Vito Corleone, rises to be a major figure in American organized crime. His youngest son, Michael Corleone, becomes his successor. The films were distributed by Paramount Pictures and released in 1972, 1974, and 1990. The series achieved success at the box office, with the films earning between $430 and $517 million worldwide. The Godfather and The Godfather Part II are both seen by many as two of the greatest films of all time. The series is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Vito's oldest son Sonny subsequently takes over the family business and he conspires with Michael to strike back for the assassination attempt by having him kill Sollozzo and a corrupt police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who is killed in a car bombing. Michael returns to America after the news of his brother Sonny's murder and marries his former girlfriend Kay. Vito then turns over the reins of the family to Michael. Michael plans to move the family business to Las Vegas; but before the move, his father dies, and he plots the killing of the heads of the five families on the day of his nephew's baptismThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City. is heavily awarded, winning 9 out of 28 total Academy Award nominations.\n\n\n== Film series ==\n\n\n=== The Godfather ===\n\nThe Godfather was released on March 15, 1972. The feature-length film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola and was based on Mario Puzo's novel of the same name. The plot begins with Don Vito Corleone declining an offer to join in the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Virgil Sollozzo, which leads to an assassination attempt. Vito's oldest son Sonny subsequently takes over the family business and he conspires with Michael to strike back for the assassination attempt by having him kill Sollozzo and a corrupt police captain, forcing Michael to go to Sicily in hiding. While in Sicily, Michael travels around the country and meets a woman he marries but who isThe Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime film produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a screenplay co-written with Mario Puzo, starring Al Pacino and Robert De Niro. Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone crime family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City.The Godfather is a trilogy of American crime films directed by Francis Ford Coppola inspired by the 1969 novel of the same name by",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": " September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert.In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written byIn September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert.In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role of Mercury. The motion picture is being written by Peter Morgan, who had been nominated for Oscars for his screenplays The Queen and Frost/Nixon. The film, which is being co-produced by Robert De Niro's TriBeCa Productions, will focus on Queen's formative years and the period leading up to the celebrated performance at the 1985 Live Aid concert.In September 2010, Brian May announced in a BBC interview that Sacha Baron Cohen was to play Mercury in a film of the same name. Time commented with approval on his singing ability and visual similarity to Mercury. However, in July 2013, Baron Cohen dropped out of the role due to \"creative differences\" between him and the surviving band members. In December 2013, it was announced that Ben Whishaw, best known for playing Q in the James Bond film Skyfall, had been chosen to replace Cohen in the role",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who did the producer of the Freddie Mercury movie portray in The Godfather Part II? | [
{
"id": 20256,
"question": "Which actor is producing the Freddie Mercury film?",
"answer": "Robert De Niro",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 74481,
"question": "who did #1 play in godfather 2",
"answer": "Vito Corleone",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Vito Corleone | [
"Vito Andolini",
"Vito Andolini Corleone"
] | true | The Freddie Mercury film's producer played who in Godfather 2? |
3hop1__765565_326948_86925 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge",
"paragraph_text": "The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.oe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Fleur-de-lis",
"paragraph_text": "The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal ExposThe fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World CupThe fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013,The fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on his right calf. The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F.C. has it in their logo. France used the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World CupThe fleur - de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag. This is true with the former Quebec Nordiques National Hockey League team and the former Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team, the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien -- The Lilies), the Major League Soccer team the Montreal Impact, the sports teams of New Orleans, Louisiana in the NFL, NBA and the Pacific Coast League, the Rugby League team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and the NPSL team Detroit City FC. Marc - André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur - de-lis logo on his mask. The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St - Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur - de-lis on",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Here Come the Girls (song)",
"paragraph_text": "Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which was used in the Boots advertisements.\nIn 2008 the Sugababes' version reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 12 in Ireland, and was certified silver by the BPI.\nIn 2017, Trombone Shorty covered the\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which was used in the Boots advertisements.\nIn 2008 the Sugababes' version reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 12 in Ireland, and was certified silver by the BPI.\nIn 2017, Trombone Shorty covered the song.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Here Come the Girls\" at Discogs (list of releases)\nRelease; Soul Jazz Records\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which was used in the Boots advertisements.\nIn 2008 the Sugababes' version reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 12 in Ireland, and was certified silver by the BPI.\nIn 2017, Trombone Shorty covered the song.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Here Come the Girls\" at Discogs (list of releases)\nRelease; Soul Jazz Records\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which was used in the Boots advertisements.\nIn 2008 the Sugababes' version reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 12 in Ireland, and was certified silver by the BPI.\nIn 2017, Trombone Shorty covered the song.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Here Come the Girls\" at Discogs (list of releases)\nRelease; Soul Jazz Records\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What are the insignia known as, of the Saints from the hometown of the performer from Here Come the Girls? | [
{
"id": 765565,
"question": "Here Come the Girls >> performer",
"answer": "Ernie K-Doe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 326948,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 86925,
"question": "what is the #2 saints symbol called",
"answer": "fleur - de-lis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | fleur - de-lis | [
"Fleur-de-lis",
"fleur-de-lis"
] | true | What is the symbols of the Saints from the place where Here Come the Girl's performer was born called? |
2hop__586343_83289 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)",
"paragraph_text": " bombing and their families. Overall, the song reached a top-ten peak in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and the top-twenty of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and the United States.\n\n\n== Background and release ==\n\n\"One Last Time\" was written by the songwriting team Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, with Dutch producer Giorgio Tuinfort and French disc jockey David Guetta. Kotecha had already previously collaborated with Grande when producing the first, second, third and fourth single from My Everything. Guetta was working on his album Listen, and while making the album he chose to give \"One Last Time\" to Grande, since \"[he] had like 120 songs and [was] trying to make an album that ma[de] sense because some of the songs can be great, but that doesn’t mean that they would fit together. [\"One Last Time\" is] one example,\" he claimed. \"One Last Time\" was strongly considered to be My Everything's lead-single, according to Republic Records' executive vice president Charlie Walk, however \"Problem\" was chosen instead, being the song that best \"set the tone for the project\". Later, \"\"Break Free\" felt like summer,\" Walk claimed, while \"Bang Bang\" helped usher in Jessie J's album Sweet Talker, and \"fall/winter felt like the best time for \"Love Me Harder\", since it's a heavier, darker record,\" he added.\nBefore being released as an official single, \"One Last Time\" was released for free via iTunes Stores as the album's second promotional single on August 22, 2014, following \"Best Mistake\", which was released on August 12, 2014. Ultimately, \"One Last Time\" was released as the album's fifth and final single, being serviced to rhythmic crossover and contemporary hit radio stations on February 10, 2015, in the US. The song was also released in French as a duet with French singer Kendji Girac, winner of the third season of The Voice: la plus belle voix. The version titled \"Attends-moi\" (Wait for Me) was released in Belgium, France and Switzerland on February 16, 2015. It is included on the deluxe version of his debut studio album Kendji (2015). According to Girac, the duet was arranged by his artistic director, since he and Grande share the same music corporation, Universal Music Group. On May 26, 2015, an Italian version of the song featuring Italian rapper Fedez was released in Italy.\nThe song was re-released in June 2017 as a charity single, with proceeds being donated to the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund.\n\n\n== Composition ==\n\nThe song was produced by Falk and Yacoub, co-produced by Tuinfort and Ilya, with vocal production being done by Ilya, Kotecha and Yacoub. \"One Last Time\" is a dance-pop and EDM song, with a total length of three minutes and seventeen seconds (3:17). Its instrumentations consist in \"pummeling drums and a three-note synth line\". \"One Last Time\" is written in the key of A-flat major, with a moderately fast tempo of 125 beats per minute. Grande's vocals range from A��3 to F5. Lyrically, the song describes a female protagonist who asks her former lover to spend one last time with her, even though they have already moved on from her and is with someone new. As noted by Jason Lipshut of Billboard, \"the downbeat admission of 'I know/that you got everything/But I got nothing here without you' is the pained sound of a narrator racked with guilt, the chorus sets aside that humiliation and scoops up a sense of hope,\" with the singer pleading, \"One last time/I need to be the one who takes you home/One more time/I promise after that, I'll let you go\". Rob Copsey of The Official Charts Company noted that the song \" reminded him of Swedish's recording artist, Loreen's 2012 Eurovision winning song \"Euphoria\".\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\"One Last Time\" received highly positive reviews. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic picked the song as one of the album's highlights, while Jason Lipshut of Billboard praised the track for \"demonstrat[ing] Grande's newfound maturity and ambition\". Rob Copsey wrote for the Official Charts Company that 'One Last Time' \"suits her better than you’d think, [with] the singer reign[ing] in her powerful pipes on this breezy and wistful club track\". while Anne Zaleski of The A.V. Club thought the song \"channels a more powerful version of On the 6-era Jennifer Lopez,\" also calling it an \"electronica-dusted [song]\". AXS's Lucas Villa praised her performance for \"exud[ing] sincerity and grace\" and added that \"[t]his baby-come-back tune showcases a softer side to the singer that highlights her dulcet vocals.\" FDRMX writer John Mychal Feraren gave \"One Last Time\" a rating of 4.2 out of 5 stars, calling it \"an excellent addition to her list of hit songs\" and claiming that \"its astounding musical production is effortlessly matched by [the] singer's sultry voice [...] transform[ing] an empty song into a masterpiece.\" PPcorn.com described the song as \"an excellent addition to her list of hit songs\", declaring: \"after the lyrical ambivalence of 'Love Me Harder', here comes a song that actually means something. It's about admitting your shortcomings in a previous relationship, and trying to make up for it. However, doesn't it sound a bit pathetic when your ex-lover tells you, 'Need to be the one who takes you home / One more time / I promise after that,The music video was filmed in early January 2015 and it also stars Matt Bennett, who was also Grande's co-star from the Nickelodeon sitcom Victorious. Max Landis also confirmed that one of the voices of the news reporters in the beginning of the video was actress Elizabeth Gillies, who also co-starred in Victorious with Grande and Bennett. Gillies previously appeared Grande's music video for her single ``Right There ''(2013). Around that time, Max Landis revealed`` One Last Time'' as Grande's next single after tweeting, ``Earth will pass catastrophically through the tail of the comet Eurydice in one week. Gather family and lovers close, one... last... time ''. The lyric video for`` One Last Time'' was released on Grande's official Vevo on February 6, 2015, at the same time it was announced that the music video was finished. On February 12, 2015, three days before the release of the music video, Grande released a teaser of the music video via Instagram. The music video was visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work Chronicle. The ``One Last Time ''music video was released on February 15, 2015 on Vevo. It surpassed 100 million views on June 8, making it Grande's sixth Vevo - certified music video after`` Love Me Harder''. Hot 100. The single's peak of number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ended Grande's streak of consecutive top ten hits from 2014. It was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).\nThe song's accompanying music video was released on February 15, 2015, and was directed by Max Landis. The music video is visually presented as a found footage, similar",
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},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "One Last Time (Ariana Grande song)",
"paragraph_text": " UK Singles Chart following the One Love Manchester concert, as well as reaching a new peak of number 15 in the Irish Singles Chart and peaked at number one in Scotland. Grande donated all proceeds from the re-release to the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund to aid the victims of the bombing and their families. Overall, the song reached a top-ten peak in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and the top-tw\"One Last Time\" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande for her second studio album \"My Everything\". It was written by David Guetta, Savan Kotecha, Giorgio Tuinfort, Rami Yacoub, and Carl Falk. The song was produced by the latter two, with Tuinfort serving as a co-producer and Ilya serving both as a co-producer and vocal producer. \"One Last Time\" was first released on the iTunes Store on August 22, 2014 as the second promotional single from the album. On February 10, 2015, the song was sent to contemporary hit radio as the fifth and final single from the album. A French version of the song featuring French singer Kendji Girac, alternatively titled \"Attends-moi\", was released on February 16, 2015 in France, Belgium and Switzerland. It is also included on the deluxe version of Girac's debut studio album \"Kendji\" (2015). An Italian version of the song featuring Italian rapper Fedez was released on May 26, 2015 only in Italy. Hot 100. The single's peak of number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ended Grande's streak of consecutive top ten hits from 2014. It was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).\nThe song's accompanying music video was released on February 15, 2015, and was directed by Max Landis. The music video is visually presented as a found footage, similar to Landis' previous work. The video faced controversy due to its similarity to the music video for the Australian band SAFIA's single \"You Are the One\", with Grande and Landis being accused of intellectual property theft. Grande promoted the song with a live performance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, the 2015 NBA All-Star Game halftime show, and during her first world tour, The Honeymoon Tour (2015).\nGrande re-released \"One Last Time\" as a charity single in June 2017, following the Manchester Arena bombing at her concert the previous month. This resulted in the song reaching a new peak of number 2 on the UK Singles Chart following the One Love Manchester concert, as well as reaching a new peak of number 15 in the Irish Singles Chart and peaked at number one in Scotland. Grande donated all proceeds from the re-release to the We Love Manchester Emergency Fund to aid the victims of the bombing and their families. Overall, the song reached a top-ten peak in Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Slovakia, the United Kingdom and the top-twenty of Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and the United States.\n\n\n== Background and release ==\n\n\"One Last Time\" was written by the songwriting team Savan Kotecha, Rami Yacoub and Carl Falk, with Dutch producer Giorgio Tuinfort and French disc jockey David Guetta. Kotecha had already previously collaborated with Grande when producing the first, second, third and fourth single from My Everything. Guetta was working on his album Listen, and while making the album he chose to give \"One Last Time\" to Grande, since \"[he] had like 120 songs and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the man featured in the One Last Time performer's video? | [
{
"id": 586343,
"question": "One Last Time >> performer",
"answer": "Ariana Grande",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 83289,
"question": "#1 one last time guy in video",
"answer": "Matt Bennett",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Matt Bennett | [] | true | Who is the guy in the video of the performer of One Last Time? |
2hop__497191_129669 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Alhandra (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": ". Leiria, helping the side to participations in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and being regularly used over the course of six Primeira Liga seasons (a maximum of 30 league games in 2005–06 and a minimum of 16 in 2007–08, with the latter campaign ending in relegation).\nOn 2 April 2008, Alhandra signed a two-year contract with Enosis Neon Paralimni FC, adding to the massive Portuguese contingent at the Cypriot club. He returned to Portugal after one sole season, joining Segunda Liga team Gil Vicente F.C. and being released at the end of the campaign.\nSubsequently, Alhandra resumed his career in the lower leagues of his country, retiring in 2012 at the age of 33.\n\n\n== External links ==\nAlhandra at ForaDeJogo (archived) \nAlhandra national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese)\nAlhandra – FIFA competition record (Luís Miguel Assunção Joaquim (born 5 March 1979 in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon), known as Alhandra, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played mainly as a left back – he could also appear as a midfielder.LLuís Miguel Assunção Joaquim (born 5 March 1979 in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon), known as Alhandra, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played mainly as a left back – he could also appear as a midfielder. Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon District. An unsuccessful graduate of Sporting CP's youth academy, he started professionally with its farm team, S.C. Lourinhanense. After a brief spell with FC Porto's reserves he lived his most steady period with U.D. Leir",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Vila Franca de Xira",
"paragraph_text": " capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.VVila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200. as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.\nThe town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and OctoberVila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.Vila Franca de Xira (Portuguese pronunciation: [��vil�� ��f������k�� ���� ����i����] ) is a city and municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 137,659, in an area of 318.19 km2. \nSituated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km (20 mi) north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.\nThe town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and October. Bulls are raised in the salty marshlands of the Ribatejo, which is also a notable breeding ground for the Lusitano horse, esteemed for its quick reflexes and maneuverability. A number of brightly coloured Portuguese bullfighting costumes are on display in the ethnographic museum in the town's bullring, the Praça de Toiros (or Touros) Palha Blanco. \nNotably, the town was the stage for the eponymous Vilafrancada in May of 1823. The Vilafrancada was an insurrection led by prince Miguel I of Portugal, son of King John VI of Portugal, which sought to reestablish an absolutist monarchy in Portugal. This came in response to the Portuguese Constitution of 1822 - the Kingdom's first constitution - which turned Portugal from an absolutist monarchy to a parliamentarian monarchy. The Vilafrancada can be seen as a prelude to the Portuguese Civil War of 1828-34.\nIn 1951, the town benefited from the completion of the Marechal Carmona Bridge. Located almost equidistantly between Lisbon and Santarém, The town provided an ideal place for a road bridge. The bridge was the first to cross the Tagus in the Lisbon region, and remained its only crossing until the inauguration of the 25 de Abril Bridge fifteen years later. As a result, Vilafranca experienced greater traffic and commercial opportunities during this period. \nNearby, the town's Misericórdia church features striking 18th-century azulejos (glazed tiles). The town also has a Museum of Neo-Realism.\n3 km (1.9 mi) south of Vila Franca de Xira lies the Lezíria Grande Equestrian Centre, where visitors can watch displays of the Lusitano horses. The centre also stages typical bullfighting spectacles in its outdoor bullring. Visitors can ride Lusitano horses and take dressage lessons at the Quinta de São Sebastião, a sprawling estate at Arruda dos Vinhos, 11 km (6.8 mi) west of Vila Franca de Xira.\nThe municipality contains several forts built during the Peninsular War and forming part of the Lines of Torres Vedras. These include the Fort of Subserra on the first line of defence and the Forts of Serra da Aguieira and the Fort of Casa on the second line. \nAnother place of interest, on the left bank, is the Hermitage of Nossa Senhora de Alcamé, which was built so that farmers on the Tagus floodplain would both have somewhere to pray and also somewhere of safety during floods. An annual pilgrimage is held to the hermitage with participants going",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the district of Alhandra's birthplace? | [
{
"id": 497191,
"question": "Alhandra >> place of birth",
"answer": "Vila Franca de Xira",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 129669,
"question": "In which state is #1 located?",
"answer": "Lisbon District",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Lisbon District | [
"Lisbon",
"AML"
] | true | In which district was Alhandra born? |
3hop1__198276_709625_84283 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 millionWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.comWarner Records Inc. (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records Inc. until 2019) is an American record label. A subsidiary of the Warner Music Group, it is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. It was founded on March 19, 1958, as the recorded music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.\nArtists whoWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz,",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ain't Living Long Like This",
"paragraph_text": " record hit #13 on the U.S. pop charts and #3Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" and \"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, \"Ain't Living Long Like This\" is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it \"\"not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but also his ability to deliver a song, whether it's one of his own or the work of another writer\"\". Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson. When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible. are cover songs:\n\n\"Elvira\" – Dallas Frazier, Elvira (1966)\n\"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" – Hank Snow(1952) [Covered by many other artists such as Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, Eddy Arnold, Jim Reeves and Lou Rawls]\n\"I Thought I Heard You Callin' My Name\" – Norma Jean, Let's Go All the Way (1965)\nMany Crowell-penned songs have since been covered by other artists. \"Leaving Louisiana in the Broad Daylight\" was covered by Emmylou Harris in 1978 and, a year later, by The Oak Ridge Boys from The Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived. They released it as a single that reached Number One.\n\"Voila, An American Dream\" was covered (as \"An American Dream\") by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and was the title track to their 1979 album. Released as a single, the record hit #13 on the U.S. pop charts and #3 in Canada.\n\"I Ain't Living Long Like This\" was recorded in 1977 by Gary Stewart for his album, Your Place or Mine., then recorded in 1978 by Emmylou Harris for her album, Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town, and in 1979 by Waylon Jennings for his album, What Goes Around Comes Around, and Jerry Jeff Walker for his album, Too Old to Change. Brooks & Dunn recorded a version in 2003 as a tribute to Waylon. Andy Griggs",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "What Kind of Love",
"paragraph_text": "10 December 2020 (UTC).\"What Kind of Love Are You On\" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. The song, originally a track left off the Nine Lives album, was included on Armageddon: The Album for the 1998 film Armageddon starring lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv Tyler. The song, was released as a promotional single to rock radio, reaching #4 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It was written by Steven Tyler, guitarist Joe Perry and outside songwriters Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw (both formerly of Damn Yankees). It is the second song written for the film, the other being \"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing\".\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\nWhat Kind of Love Are You On at AllMusic. Retrieved 02:53, 10 December 2020 (UTC).\"What Kind of Love Are You On\" is a song by American hard rock band Aerosmith. The song, originally a track left off the Nine Lives album, was included on Armageddon: The Album for the 1998 film Armageddon starring lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv Tyler. The song, was released as a\"What Kind of Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \"Life Is Messy\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks in Canada.\"\"What Kind of Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \"Life Is Messy\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks in Canada.stream Rock Tracks chart. It was written by Steven Tyler, guitarist Joe Perry and outside songwriters Jack Blades and Tommy Shaw (both formerly of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds ownership of the record company that represents the artist who sings "What Kind of Love?" | [
{
"id": 198276,
"question": "What Kind of Love >> performer",
"answer": "Rodney Crowell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 709625,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who is the owner of the record label of the performer of What Kind of Love? |
3hop2__326964_7719_7713 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of the eye or knot of the noose (so that the head was jerked back as the rope tightened) contributed to breaking the neck.\nPrior to 1892, the drop was between four and ten feet (about one to three metres), depending on the weight of the body, and was calculated to deliver an energy of 1,260 foot-pounds force (1,710 J), which fractured the neck at either the 2nd and 3rd or 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. This force resulted in some decapitations, such as the infamous case of Black Jack Ketchum in New Mexico Territory in 1901, owing to a significant weight gain while in custody not having been factored into the drop calculations. Between 1892 and 1913, the length of the drop was shortened to avoid decapitation. After 1913, other factors were also taken into account, and the energy delivered was reduced to about 1,000 foot-pounds force (1,400 J).\n\nThe decapitation of Eva Dugan during a botched hanging in 1930 led the state of Arizona to switch to the gas chamber as its primary execution method, on the grounds that it was believed more humane. One of the more recent decapitations as a result of the long drop occurred when Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was hanged in Iraq in 2007. Accidental decapitation also occurred during the 1962 hanging of Arthur Lucas, one of the last two individuals to be put to death in Canada.\nNazis executed under British jurisdiction, including Josef Kramer, Fritz Klein, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, were hanged by Albert Pierrepoint using the variable-drop method devised by Marwood. The record speed for a British long-drop hanging was seven seconds from the executioner entering the cell to the drop. Speed was considered to be important in the British system as it reduced the condemned's mental distress.\nLong-drop hanging is still practiced as the method of execution in a few countries, including Japan and Singapore.\n\n\n== As suicide ==\n\nHanging is a common suicide method. The materials necessary for suicide by hanging are readily available to the average person, compared with firearms or poisons. Full suspension is not required, and for this reason, hanging is especially commonplace among suicidal prisoners (see suicide watch). A type of hanging comparable to full suspension hanging may be obtained by self-strangulation using a ligature around the neck and the partial weight of the body (partial suspension) to tighten the ligature. When a suicidal hanging involves partial suspension the deceased is found to have both feet touching the ground, e.g., they are kneeling, crouching or standing. Partial suspension or partial weight-bearing on the ligature is sometimes used, particularly in prisons, mental hospitals or other institutions, where full suspension support is difficult to devise, because high ligature points (e.g., hooks or pipes) have been removed.\nIn Canada, hanging is the most common method of suicide, and in the U.S., hanging is the second most common method, after self-inflicted gunshot wounds. In the United Kingdom, where firearms are less easily available, in 2001 hanging was the most common method among men and the second most commonplace among women (after poisoning).\nThose who survive a suicide-via-hanging attempt, whether due to breakage of the cord or ligature point, or being discovered and cut down, face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain damage), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture (which may cause paralysis), tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid artery injury.\n\n\n== As human sacrifice ==\nThere are some suggestions that the Vikings practiced hanging as human sacrifices to Odin, to honour Odin's own sacrifice of hanging himself from Yggdrasil. In Northern Europe, it is widely speculated that the Iron Age bog bodies, many who show signs of having been hanged were examples of human sacrifice to the gods.\n\n\n== Medical effects ==\n\nA hanging may induce one or more of the following medical conditions, some leading to death:\n\nClosure of carotid arteries causing cerebral hypoxia\nClosure of the jugular veins\nBreaking of the neck (cervical fracture) causing traumatic spinal cord injury or even unintended decapitation\nClosure of the airway\nThe cause of death in hanging depends on the conditions related to the event. When the body is released from a relatively high position, the major cause of death is severe trauma to the upper cervical spine. The injuries produced are highly variable. One study showed that only a small minority of a series of judicial hangings produced fractures to the cervical spine (6 out of 34 cases studied), with half of these fractures (3 out of 34) being the classic \"hangman's fracture\" (bilateral fractures of the pars interarticularis of the C2 vertebra). The location of the knot of the hanging rope is a major factor in determining the mechanics of cervical spine injury, with a submental knot (hangman's knot under the chin) being the only location capable of producing the sudden, straightforward hyperextension injury that causes the classic \"hangman's fracture\".\nAccording to Historical and biomechanical aspects of hangman's fracture, the phrase in the usual execution order, \"hanged by the neck until dead\", was necessary. By the late 19th century that methodical study enabled authorities to routinely employ hanging in ways that would predictably kill the victim quickly.\nThe side, or subaural knot, has been shown to produce other, more complex injuries, with one thoroughly studied case producing only ligamentous injuries to the cervical spine and bilateral vertebral artery disruptions, but no major vertebral fractures or crush injuries to the spinal cord. Death from a \"hangman's fracture\" occurs mainly when the applied force is severe enough to also cause a severe subluxation of the C2 and C3 vertebra that crushes the spinal cord and/or disrupts the vertebral arteries. Hangman's fractures from other hyperextension injuries (the most common being unrestrained motor vehicle accidents and falls or diving injuries where the face or chin suddenly strike an immovable object) are frequently survivable if the applied force does not cause a severe subluxation of C2 on C3.\n\nIn the absence of fracture and dislocation, occlusion of blood vessels becomes the major cause of death, rather than asphyxiation. Obstruction of venous drainage of the brain via occlusion of the internal jugular veins leads to cerebral oedema and then cerebral ischemia. The face will typically become engorged and cyanotic (turned blue through lack of oxygen).\nCompromise of the cerebral blood flow may occur by obstruction of the carotid arteries, even though their obstruction requires far more force than the obstruction of jugular veins, since they are seated deeper and they contain blood in much higher pressure compared to the jugular veins.\nWhen cerebral circulation is severely compromised by any mechanism, arterial or venous, death occurs over four or more minutes from cerebral hypoxia, although the heart may continue to beat for some period after the brain can no longer be resuscitated. The time of death in such cases is a matter of convention. In judicial hangings, death is pronounced at cardiac arrest, which may occur at times from several minutes up to 15 minutes or longer after hanging.\nSphincters will relax spontaneously and urine and faeces will be evacuated. Forensic experts may often be able to tell if hanging is suicide or homicide, as each leaves a distinctive ligature mark. One of the hints they use is the hyoid bone. If broken, it often means the person has been murdered by manual strangulation.\n\n\n== Notable practices across the globeArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (��城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (��城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金����) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (����) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "Shortly after the unification of the region, the Western Jin dynasty collapsed. First the rebellions by eight Jin princes for the throne and later rebellions and invasion from Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples that destroyed the rule of the Jin dynasty in the north. In 317, remnants of the Jin court, as well as nobles and wealthy families, fled from the north to the south and reestablished the Jin court in Nanjing, which was then called Jiankang (建康), replacing Luoyang. It's the first time that the capital of the nation moved to southern part..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": " Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the lateYaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For how long was the city, where the Jin court relocated following their escape, the capital city and base for Yaxing Coach? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 7719,
"question": "Where did the Jin court re-establish itself, after fleeing?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long had the place where the Jin court reestablished itself after fleeing been the capitol city of the headquarters location of Yaxing Coach? |
2hop__510647_507085 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Crockett County",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nCrockett County was formed in 1871 from portions of Haywood, Madison, Dyer and Gibson counties. It is named in honor of David Crockett (1786–1836), frontier humorist, soldier, Tennessee state legislator and U.S. congressman, and defender of the Alamo.\nIn 1876, in what apparently was a political rivalry gone bad, Crockett County Sheriff R. G. Harris and 19 other unidentified men removed four men from the county jail and beat them, killing one of them. The sheriff was arrested. In United States v. Harris (1883), the Supreme Court ruled that the Sheriff could not be prosecuted under federal law.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 266 square miles (690 km2), of which 266 square miles (690 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) (0.08%) is water.\n\n\n=== Adjacent counties ===\nGibson County (northeast)\nMadison County (southeast)\nHaywood County (south)\nLauderdale County (west)\nDyer County (northwest)\n\n\n=== State protected areas ===\nHorns Bluff Refuge (part)\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 13,911 people, 5,491 households, and 3,700 families residing in the county.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 14,532 people, 5,632 households, and 4,066 families residing in the county. The population density was 55 people per square mile (21 people/km2). There were 6,138 housing units at an average density of 23 units per square mile (8.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 81.96% White, 14.37% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.06% Asian, 2.79% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. 5.46% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 5,632 households, out of which 32.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.40% were married couples living together, 11.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.80% were non-families. 25.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.01.\nIn the county, the population was spread out, with 25.10% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 28.30% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 15.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.70 males.\nThe median income for a household in the county was $30,015, and the median income for a family was $36,713. Males had a median income of $27,436 versus $21,073 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,600. About 13.20% of families and 16.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.50% of those under age 18 and 17.90% of those age 65 or over.\n\n\n== Media ==\n\n\n=== Radio ===\nWTJS Good News 93.1 - WTJS - Alamo - Contemporary Christian Music\n\n\n=== Newspaper ===\nThe Crockett Times isCrockett County is the name of two counties in the United States, both named for frontiersman and politician Davy Crockett:CCrockett County is the name of two counties in the United States, both named for frontiersman and politician Davy Crockett: 13,911. Its county seat is Alamo. Crockett County is included in the Jackson, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.\n\n\n== History ==\nCrockett County was formed in 1871 from portions of Haywood, Madison, Dyer and Gibson counties. It is named in honor of David Crockett (1786–1836), frontier humorist, soldier, Tennessee state legislator and U.S. congressman, and defender of the Alamo.\nIn 1876, in what apparently was a political rivalry gone bad, Crockett County Sheriff R. G. Harris and 19 other unidentified men removed four men from the county jail and beat them, killing one of them. The sheriff was arrested. In United States v. Harris (1883), the Supreme Court ruled that the Sheriff could not be prosecuted under federal law.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 266 square miles (690 km2), of which 266 square miles (690 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "John Crockett (frontiersman)",
"paragraph_text": " was born either in Ireland or during the journey from Ireland to America; but later scholars disagreed, saying this had been John's father, also named David. His ancestors were of Scotch-Irish and possible Huguenot backgrounds. The Crockett/Crocketague name is a Registered Lineage with the Huguenot Society of the Founders of Manakin in the Colony of Virginia (FMCV) though \"Davy\" Crockett does not mention it in his autobiography.\nIn 1775 or 1780, Crockett married Rebecca Hawkins, from Maryland.\n\n\n=== Father and family heads west ===\nIn 1776, David Crockett and the growing family moved to the Washington District in what is now the northeastern tip of Tennessee, near Rogersville, Tennessee.\n\n\n=== Father's demise ===\nIn 1777, David Crockett and part of the family were killed in a Chickamauga Cherokee raid, ledJohn Crockett (circa 1753 – after 1802) was an American frontiersman and soldier, and the father of David \"Davy\" Crockett.JJohn Crockett (circa 1753 – after 1802) was an American frontiersman and soldier, and the father of David \"Davy\" Crockett.== Early life ==\nCrockett was born about 1753 in either Maryland or Frederick County, Virginia. \"Davy\" Crockett said in his autobiography that John Crockett was born either in Ireland or during the journey from Ireland to America; but later scholars disagreed, saying this had been John's father, also named David. His ancestors were of Scotch-Irish and possible Huguenot backgrounds. The Crockett/Crocketague name is a Registered Lineage with the Huguenot Society of the Founders of Manakin in the Colony of Virginia (FMCV) though \"Davy\" Crockett does not mention it in his autobiography.\nIn 1775 or 1780, Crockett married Rebecca Hawkins, from Maryland.\n\n\n=== Father and family heads west ===\nIn 1776, David Crockett and the growing family moved to the Washington District in what is now the northeastern tip of Tennessee, near Rogersville, Tennessee.\n\n\n=== Father's demise ===\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal figure of the individual after whom Crockett County was named? | [
{
"id": 510647,
"question": "Crockett County >> named after",
"answer": "Davy Crockett",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 507085,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "John Crockett",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | John Crockett | [] | true | Who is the father of the person that Crockett County is named after? |
3hop2__92991_72083_76291 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in Colorado. This is the most recent Senate election where any Republican flipped an open Democratic-held seat. It also remains the last time that the president's party has suffered a net loss of Senate seats in a midterm election cycle.\n\n\n== Partisan composition ==\nFor a majority, Republicans needed at least 51 seats. Democrats could have retained a majority with 48 seats (assuming the two Independents continued to caucus with them) because the Democratic Vice President Joe Biden would become the tie-breaker. From 1915 to 2013, control of the U.S. Senate flipped in 10 of 50 cycles, or 20% of theThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:The 2014 United States Senate elections were held on November 4, 2014. A total of 36 seats in the 100-member U.S. Senate were contested. 33 Class 2 seats were contested for regular 6-year terms to be served from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2021, and 3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in Colorado. This is the most recent Senate election where any Republican flipped an open Democratic-held seat. It also remains the last time that the president's party has suffered a net loss of Senate seats in a midterm election cycle.\n\n\n== Partisan composition ==\nFor a majority, Republicans needed at least 51 seats. Democrats could have retained a majority with 48 seats (assuming the two Independents continued to caucus with them) because the Democratic Vice President Joe Biden would become the tie-breaker. From 1915 to 2013, control of the U.S. Senate flipped in 10 of 50 cycles, or 20% of the time. Republicans had lost ground in the 2012 elections, leading to an internal fight among the Republican leadership over the best strategies and tactics for the 2014 Senate races. By December 2013, eight of the twelve incumbent Republicans running for re-election saw Tea Party challenges. However, Republican incumbents won every primary challenge. Although Democrats saw some opportunities for pickups, the combination of Democratic retirements and numerous DemocraticThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delayThe Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "1946 United States House of Representatives elections",
"paragraph_text": " in May. Further damage resulted from the back-and-forth over whether to end wartime price controls, unpopular with the American business constituency, to handle shortages, particularly in meat and other foodstuffs. While Truman's early months in the White House had been plagued with questions of \"What would Roosevelt do if he were alive?\" Republicans now began to joke \"What would Truman do if he were alive?\" and \"To err is Truman.\" However, the Republican majority was short-lived, as Democrats regained control of the House two years later.\n\n\n== Overall results ==\n\nSource: Election Statistics - Office of the Clerk\n\n\n== Special elections ==\n\nIn these special elections, the winner was seated during 1946 or before January 3, 1947; ordered by election date, thenTruman was Vice President under President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was thrust into the presidency following Roosevelt's death. Truman did not garner the same support as the deceased president. Democrats had controlled Congress since 1931, for 16 years, and Roosevelt had been elected to a record four terms in office. The 1946 election resulted in Republicans picking up 55 seats to win majority control. Joseph William Martin, Jr., Republican of Massachusetts, became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with Sam Rayburn, Democrat of Texas, who became the new Minority Leader. The Democratic defeat was the largest since they were trounced in the 1928 pro-Republican wave that brought Herbert Hoover to power. Joseph Martin, Republican of Massachusetts, became Speaker of the House, exchanging places with Sam Rayburn, Democrat of Texas, who became the new Minority Leader. The Democratic defeat was the largest since they were trounced in the 1928 pro-Republican wave that brought Herbert Hoover to power. They also lost the Senate in the concurrent Senate elections.\nThe vote was largely seen as a referendum on Truman, whose approval rating had sunk to 32 percent over the president's controversial handling of a wave of post-war labor strikes, including a United Auto Workers strike against Ford and General Motors in 1945, a United Mine Workers strike starting in April 1946, and a national railroad worker strike that began in May. Further damage resulted from the back-and-forth over whether to end wartime price controls, unpopular with the American business constituency, to handle shortages, particularly in meat and other foodstuffs. While Truman's early months in the White House had",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the political party that won the majority in the 1946 midterm elections start dictating the rules for the United States House of Representatives and Senate? | [
{
"id": 92991,
"question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate",
"answer": "The Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 72083,
"question": "who gained control of congress in the midterm elections in 1946",
"answer": "Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #2 take control of the #1",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | January 2015 | [] | true | When did the party who gained control of congress in the midterm elections in 1946 take control of the determiner of rules of the US House and US Senate? |
2hop__468778_88165 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hagar (disambiguation)",
"paragraph_text": " belief, she was the daughter of the king of Egypt who gifted her to Ibrahim's wife Sarah.:��90–98�� Although not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is referenced and alluded to via the story of her husband. She eventually settled in the Desert of Paran, seen as the Hejaz in the Islamic view, with her son Ishmael. Hajar is honoured as an especially important matriarch of monotheism, as Ishmael was the ancestor of Muhammad.:��109��...\n\n\n== Narrative ==\nAbraham was childless. He was a prophet of God and, having left his native land, he was concerned about who would take the prophetic office after him, and whether he would be a father one day. His wife's servant Hagar, who was gifted to her, was given to Abraham to bear a child. According to modern scholars, Hagar was not aHagar is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis, handmaid of Sarah (the first wife of Abraham) and mother of Abraham's son Ishmael.Hājar (ArHagar is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis, handmaid of Sarah (the first wife of Abraham) and mother of Abraham's son Ishmael. (Abraham) and the mother of Ismā'īl (Ishmael). She is a revered woman in the Islamic faith. According to Muslim belief, she was the daughter of the king of Egypt who gifted her to Ibrahim's wife Sarah.:��90–98�� Although not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is referenced and alluded to via the story of her husband. She eventually settled in the Desert of Paran, seen as the Hejaz in the Islamic view, with her son Ishmael. Hajar is honoured as an especially important matriarch of monotheism, as Ishmael was the ancestor of Muhammad.:��109��...\n\n\n== Narrative ==\nAbraham was childless. He was a prophet of God and, having left his native land, he was concerned about who would take the prophetic office after him, and whether he would be a father one day. His wife's servant Hagar, who was gifted to her, was given to Abraham to bear a child. According to modern scholars, Hagar was not aHagar is a biblical person in the Book of Genesis, handmaid of Sarah (the first wife of Abraham) and mother of Abraham's son Ishmael.Hājar (Arabic: هَاجَر), known as Hagar in the Hebrew Bible, was the wife of the patriarch and Islamic prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and the mother of Ismā'īl (Ishmael). She is a revered woman in the Islamic faith. According to Muslim belief, she was the daughter of the king of Egypt who gifted her to Ibrahim's wife Sarah.:��90–98�� Although not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is referenced and alluded to via the story of her husband. She eventually settled in the Desert of Paran, seen as the Hejaz in the Islamic view, with her son Ishmael. Hajar is honoured as an especially important matriarch of monotheism, as Ishmael was the ancestor of Muhammad.:��109��...\n\n\n== Narrative ==\nAbraham was childless. He was a prophet of God and, having left his native land, he was concerned about who would take the prophetic office after him, and whether he would be a father one day. His wife's servant Hagar, who was gifted to her, was given to Abraham to bear a child. According to modern scholars, Hagar was not a concubine, but rather a princess, the daughter of the king of Egypt.:��90–98�� Hagar subsequently bore a child who would grow to be righteous and ready to suffer and endure. Hagar named him Ismail, meaning \"God has heard\".:��181��\nIslamic scholar Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman states the following using the Arabic name Haajar for Hagar; Allah revealed to Ibrahim that he should take Haajar and the infant Ismaa’eel and take them to Makkah.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Keturah",
"paragraph_text": "idservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers.\nLouis Feldman has said \"Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them.\"\nAccording to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E.\n\n\n== Relationship with Abraham ==\nKeturah is referred to in Genesis as \"another wife\" of Abraham (Hebrew: א��ש����Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qə���ûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה, Qə���ūrā, possibly meaning \"incense\"; Arabic: قطورة) was a wife and a concubine of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. According to Jewish tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth.\nOne modern commentator on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah \"the most ignored significant person in the Torah\". The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief that Keturah was the same person as Hagar, although this idea cannot be found in the biblical text. However, Hagar was Sarah's Egyptian maidservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writingsKeturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. to Jewish tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth.\nOne modern commentator on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah \"the most ignored significant person in the Torah\". The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief that Keturah was the same person as Hagar, although this idea cannot be found in the biblical text. However, Hagar was Sarah's Egyptian maidservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers.\nLouis Feldman has said \"Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them.\"\nAccording to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E.\n\n\n== Relationship with Abraham ==\nKeturah is referred to in Genesis as \"another wife\" of Abraham (Hebrew: א��ש����Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qə",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | After Sarah passed away, who became the husband of Hagar? | [
{
"id": 468778,
"question": "Hagar >> spouse",
"answer": "Abraham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 88165,
"question": "who did #1 marry after the death of sarah",
"answer": "Keturah",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Keturah | [] | true | Who did the spouse of Hagar marry after the death of Sarah? |
2hop__73615_42173 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad",
"paragraph_text": ". The Nawabs had lost all independent authority since 1757. In 1858, the British government abolished the symbolic authority of the Mughal court. After 1880, the descendants of the Nawabs of Bengal were recognised simply as Nawabs of Murshidabad with the mere status of a peerage.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Independent nawabs ===\nThe Bengal Subah was the wealthiest subah of the Mughal Empire. There were several posts under the Mughal administrative system of Bengal since Akbar's conquest in the 1500s. Nizamat (governornership) and diwani (premiership) were the two main branches of provincial government under the Mughals. The Subahdar was in-charge of the nizamat and had a chain of subordinate officials on the executive side, including diwans (prime ministers) responsible for revenue and legal affairs. The regional decentralization of the Mughal Empire led to the creation of numerous semi-independent strongholds in the Mughal provinces. As the Mughal Empire began to decline, the Nawabs rose in power. By the early 1700s, the NawThe break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished. cloth, shipbuilding, gunpowder, saltpetre, and metalworks. Factories were set up in Murshidabad, Dhaka, Patna, Sonargaon, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Cossimbazar, Balasore, Pipeli, and Hugli among other cities, towns, and ports. The region became a base for the British East India Company, the French East India Company, the Danish East India Company, the Austrian East India Company, the Ostend Company, and the Dutch East India Company.\nThe British company eventually rivaled the authority of the Nawabs. In the aftermath of the siege of Calcutta in 1756, in which the Nawab's forces overran the main British base, the East India Company dispatched a fleet led by Robert Clive who defeated the last independent Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Mir Jafar was installed as the puppet Nawab. His successor Mir Qasim attempted in vain to dislodge the British. The defeat of Nawab Mir Qasim of Bengal, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Oudh, and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II at the Battle of Buxar in 1764 paved the way for British expansion across India. The South Indian Kingdom of Mysore led by Tipu Sultan overtook the Nawab of Bengal as the subcontinent's wealthiest monarchy; but this was short-lived and ended with the Anglo-Mysore War. The British then turned their sights on defeating the Marathas and Sikhs.\nIn 1772, Governor-General Warren Hastings shifted administrative and judicial offices from Murshidabad to Calcutta, the capital of the newly formed Bengal Presidency, and the de facto capital of British India. The Nawabs had lost all independent authority since 1757. In 1858, the British government abolished the symbolic authority of the Mughal court. After 1880, the descendants of the Nawabs of Bengal were recognised simply as Nawabs of Murshidabad with the mere status of a peerage.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Independent nawabs ===\nThe Bengal Subah was the wealthiest subah of the Mughal Empire. There were several posts under the Mughal administrative system of Bengal since Akbar's conquest in the 1500s. Nizamat (governornership) and diwani (premiership) were the two main branches of provincial government under the Mughals. The Subahdar was in-charge of the nizamat and had a chain of subordinate officials on the executive side, including diwans (prime ministers) responsible for revenue and legal affairs. The regional decentralization of the Mughal Empire led to the creation of numerous semi-independent strongholds in the Mughal provinces. As the Mughal Empire began to decline, the Nawabs rose in power. By the early 1700s, the Nawabs were practically independent, despite a nominal tribute to the Mughal court.\nThe Mughal court heavily relied on Bengal for revenue. Azim-us-Shan, the Mughal viceroy of Bengal, had a bitter power struggle with his prime minister (diwan",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": " in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, afterBritain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the establishment date of the company that ended the dual system of government in Bengal? | [
{
"id": 73615,
"question": "who abolished the dual system of government in bengal",
"answer": "the British East India Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 42173,
"question": "When was #1 established?",
"answer": "1599",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | 1599 | [] | true | When was the company that abolished the dual system of government in Bengal established? |
2hop__524623_82341 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ocala, Florida",
"paragraph_text": "Ocala (/ oʊ ˈkælə / oh - KAL - ə) is a city located in Northern Florida. As of the 2013 census, its population, estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 57,468, making it the 45th most populated city in Florida.rd-most populated city in Florida. Ocala is the principal city of the Ocala metropolitan area, which had a population of 375,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Chris Meffert",
"paragraph_text": " Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Born in Ocala, Florida, Meffert graduated from Ocala High School. He then received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University and his law degree from the Florida State University College of Law. He served as an assistant attorney general of Florida and then practiced law. In 1977, Meffert served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida and was a Democrat. From 1980 to 1988, he served in the Florida House of Representatives. Meffert worked as a lobbyist and then was appointed executive director of the Florida State Boxing Commission. Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). State Boxing Commission. Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateralBorn in Ocala, Florida, Meffert graduated from Ocala High School. He then received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University and his law degree from the Florida State University College of Law. He served as an assistant attorney general of Florida and then practiced law. In 1977, Meffert served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida and was a Democrat. From 1980 to 1988, he served in the Florida House of Representatives. Meffert worked as a lobbyist and then was appointed executive director of the Florida State Boxing Commission. Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).John Christian \"Chris\" Meffert (August 11, 1943 – November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician.\nBorn in Ocala, Florida, Meffert graduated from Ocala High School. He then received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University and his law degree from the Florida State University College of Law. He served as an assistant attorney general of Florida and then practiced law. In 1977, Meffert served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida and was a Democrat. From 1980 to 1988, he served in the Florida House of Representatives. Meffert worked as a lobbyist and then was appointed executive director of the Florida State Boxing Commission. Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).\n\n\n== Notes ==John Christian \"Chris\" Meffert (August 11, 1943 – November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician.\nBorn in Ocala, Florida, Meffert graduated from Ocala High School. He then received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University and his law degree from the Florida State University College of Law. He served as an assistant attorney general of Florida and then practiced law. In 1977, Meffert served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida and was a Democrat. From 1980 to 1988, he served in the Florida House of Representatives. Meffert worked as a lobbyist and then was appointed executive director of the Florida State Boxing Commission. Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).\n\n\n== Notes ==John Christian \"Chris\" Meffert (August 11, 1943 – November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician.\nBorn in Ocala, Florida, Meffert graduated from Ocala High School. He then received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University and his law degree from the Florida State University College of Law. He served as an assistant attorney general of Florida and then practiced law. In 1977, Meffert served as Mayor of Ocala, Florida and was a Democrat. From 1980 to 1988, he served in the Florida House of Representatives. Meffert worked as a lobbyist and then was appointed executive director of the Florida State Boxing Commission. Meffert died in Salt Springs, Florida in 2014. He had recently been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).\n\n\n== Notes ==John Christian \"Chris\" Meffert (August 11, 1943 – November 13, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician.\nBorn in Ocala, Florida, Meffert graduated from Ocala High School. He then received his bachelor's degree",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what location within the Florida state was Chris Meffert born? | [
{
"id": 524623,
"question": "Chris Meffert >> place of birth",
"answer": "Ocala",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 82341,
"question": "where is #1 in the state of florida",
"answer": "in Northern Florida",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | in Northern Florida | [
"Northern Florida"
] | true | Where is Chris Meffert's birth place in the state of Florida? |
2hop__326404_120065 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Merseburg",
"paragraph_text": "From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of Saxony. In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony.From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Charles Frederick II, Duke of Württemberg-Oels",
"paragraph_text": " December 1761 in Oleśnica) was a Duke of Oels-Württemberg and Regent of the Duchy of Württemberg.CharCharles Frederick II of Württemberg-Oels (7 February 1690 in Merseburg – 14 December 1761 in Oleśnica) was a Duke of Oels-Württemberg and Regent of the Duchy of Württemberg.== Life ==\nCharles Frederick was a son of the Duke Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Oels (1652–1704) from his second marriage toCharles Frederick II of Württemberg-Oels (7 February 1690 in Merseburg – 14 December 1761 in Oleśnica) was a Duke of Oels-Württemberg and Regent of the Duchy of Württemberg.Charles Frederick II of Württemberg-Oels (7 February 1690 in Merseburg – 14 December 1761 in Oleśnica) was a Duke of Oels-Württemberg and Regent of the Duchy of Württemberg.\n\n\n== Life ==\nCharles Frederick was a son of the Duke Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Oels (1652–1704) from his second marriage to Duchess Sibylle Marie of Saxe-Merseburg (1667–1693), daughter of the Duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg. When his father died in 1704, Charles Frederick was still a minor, so he stood under guardianship until he was declared an adult in 1707.\nCharles Frederick married on 21 April 1709 in Stuttgart with Sibylle Charlotte (1690–1735), the daughter of Duke Frederick Ferdinand of Württemberg-Weiltingen, a grandson of Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen.\nFrom 1738, he acted as guardian of Duke Charles Eugene and regent of Württemberg. In this rôle, he succeeded Duke Charles Rudolph of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, who had resigned from the regency for reasons of old age. During his time as regent, the War of the Austrian Succession broke out in 1740. In 1742, the Treaty of Breslau awarded his homeland Silesia to Prussia. Nevertheless, Charles Frederick and his successors did not participate in this war. During his regency, the administration was significantly improved and good relations with the Estates were restored. Georg Bernhard Bilfinger, Johann Eberhard Georgii and Frederick Augustus von Hardenberg served as ministers in his government.\nIn 1744, Emperor Charles VII declared Charles Eugene an adult, thereby ending Charles Frederick time as regent of Württemberg.\nCharles Frederick's marriage remained childless. In 1744, he resigned from the government in Oels, in favour of the son of his younger brother Charles Christian Erdmann. He then resided for some time in Międzybórz, and then moved to Oels, where he died in 1761, at the age of 72.\n\n\n== References ==\nJohann Christian Benjamin Regehly: Geschichte und Beschreibung von Carlsruhe in Oberschlesien, p. 30\nKarl Friedrich Pauli: Allgemeine preussische staats-geschichte, samt aller dazu gehörigen ..., p. 562\nCarl Pfaff: Fürstenhaus und Land Württemberg ..., p. 141Charles Frederick II of Württemberg-Oels (7 February 1690 in Merseburg – 14 December 1761 in Oleśnica) was a Duke of Oels-Württemberg and Regent of the Duchy of Württemberg.\n\n\n== Life ==\nCharles Frederick was a son of the Duke Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Oels (1652–1704) from his second marriage to Duchess Sibylle Marie of Saxe-Merseburg (1667–1693), daughter of the Duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg. When his father died in 1704, Charles Frederick was still a minor, so he stood under guardianship until he was declared an adult in 1707.\nCharles Frederick married on 21 April 1709 in Stuttgart with Sibylle Charlotte (1690–1735), the daughter of Duke Frederick Ferdinand of Württemberg-Weiltingen, a grandson of Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen.\nFrom 1738, he acted as guardian of Duke Charles Eugene and regent of Württemberg. In this rôle, he succeeded Duke Charles Rudolph of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, who had resigned from the regency for reasons of old age. During his time as regent, the War of the Austrian Succession broke out in 1740. In 1742, the Treaty of Breslau awarded his homeland Silesia to Prussia. Nevertheless, Charles Frederick and his successors did not participate in this war. During his regency, the administration was significantly improved and good relations with the Estates were restored. Georg Bernhard Bilfinger, Johann Eberhard Georgii and Frederick Augustus von Hardenberg served as ministers in his government.\nIn 1744, Emperor Charles VII declared Charles Eugene an adult, thereby ending Charles Frederick time as regent of Württemberg.\nCharles Frederick's marriage remained childless. In 1744, he resigned from the government in Oels, in favour of the son of his younger brother Charles Christian Erdmann. He then resided for some time in Międzybórz, and then moved to Oels, where he died in 1761, at the age of 72.\n\n\n== References ==\nJohann Christian Benjamin Regehly: Geschichte und Beschreibung von Carlsruhe in Oberschlesien, p. 30\nKarl Friedrich Pauli: Allgemeine preussische staats-geschichte, samt aller dazu gehörigen ..., p. 562\nCarl Pfaff: Fürstenhaus und Land Württemberg ..., p. 141Charles Frederick II of Württemberg-Oels (7 February 1690 in Merseburg – 14 December 1761 in Oleśnica) was a Duke of Oels-Württemberg and Regent of the Duchy of Württemberg.\n\n\n== Life ==\nCharles Frederick was a son of the Duke Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Oels (1652–1704) from his second marriage to Duchess Sibylle Marie of Saxe-Merseburg (1667–1693), daughter of the Duke Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg. When his father died in 1704, Charles Frederick was still a minor, so he stood under guardianship until he was declared an adult in 1707.\nCharles Frederick married on 21 April 1709 in Stuttgart with Sibylle Charlotte (1690–1735), the daughter of Duke Frederick Ferdinand of Württemberg-Weiltingen, a grandson of Julius Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Weiltingen.\nFrom 1738, he acted as guardian of Duke Charles Eugene and regent of Württemberg. In this rôle, he succeeded Duke Charles Rudolph of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, who had resigned from the regency for reasons of old age. During his time as regent, the War of the Austrian Succession broke out in 1740. In 1742, the Treaty of Breslau awarded his homeland Silesia to Prussia. Nevertheless, Charles Frederick and his successors did not participate in this war. During his regency, the administration was significantly improved and good relations with the Estates were restored. Georg Bernhard Bilfinger, Johann Eberhard Georgii and Frederick Augustus von Hardenberg served as ministers in his government.\nIn 1744",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the place of birth of Charles Frederick II collapse? | [
{
"id": 326404,
"question": "Charles Frederick II >> place of birth",
"answer": "Merseburg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 120065,
"question": "What year did #1 end?",
"answer": "1738",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 1738 | [] | true | When did Charles Frederick II's birthplace fall? |
2hop__132472_120537 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "ALARM",
"paragraph_text": " whistles have been used on locomotives, ships, and in factories as alarm devices.\nWith the advent of electricity, a variety of other alerting devices have been invented, such as buzzers, klaxons, sirens, horns, flashing and coloured lights, and other all-purpose alarms.\nAlarm devices can be fitted to buildings as well as vehicles. Many buildings are fitted with fire alarms, ranging from a self-contained domestic smoke detector to a sophisticated alarm system that can operate building fire fighting systems automatically to extinguish fires with water or inert gases.\nMany industries have developed standards for alarm devices, and the colours red, blue and amber are generally recognized as alarm device-related colours, with flashing lights often indicating urgent conditions.\n\n\n== Responses to an alarm ==\n\nHuman reactions to an alarm will often depend on upbringing, psychological training, or the behavior of others in the environment. Consequently, the ability to test an alarm and hold regular drills to practice an appropriate response may be provided as part of an alarm system.\nAlarm devices that are intended to cause the evacuation of an occupied building, such as fire alarms, may be deliberately designed to make remaining in the space difficult or even painful in order to encourage occupants to leave.\nSome alarms may startle and cause a fight-or-flight response in humans; a person under this mindset will panic and either flee the perceived danger or attempt to eliminate it, often ignoring rational thought in either case. A person in such a state can be characterized as \"alarmed\".\n\n\n== False alarms ==\n\nWith any kind of alarm, you must balance between the danger of false alarms (called \"false positives\") — the signal going off in the absence of a problem — or an alarm failing to signal an actual problem (called a \"false negative\"). False alarms can waste resources expensively and can even be dangerous. For example, false alarms of a fire can waste firefighter manpower, making them unavailable for a real fire, and risk injury to firefighters and others as the fire engines race to the alleged fire's location. In addition, false alarms may acclimatise people to ignore alarm signals, and thus possibly to ignore an actual emergency: Aesop's fable of The Boy Who Cried Wolf exemplifies this problem.\nA false alarm is one of the most significant issues with conventional alarm systems. They can be triggered for several reasons, such as the movement of pets, typing in the wrong security codes, or loud sounds from windows or doors. In the case of fire alarms, aerosol sprays, smoking, or burning food can all lead to a false alarm.\nMany avoid the risk of false alarms by ensuring their alarms are secured in an appropriate location, such as placing a smoke detector or fire alarm away from the kitchen where smoke from burned food or large quantities of steam which may trigger a false alarm are common occurrences. In the case of a security alarm, an additional monitoring station which assesses whether there is a legitimate need for help can reduce false alarms.\n\n\n== Devices ==\n\nThere are many kinds of alarm devices. The most common types include: \n\nan alarm clock that sounds an alarm at a pre-set time, often used to wake a person up or remind them of an event.\na fire alarm which is used to give occupants of a building early warning of a potential fire and give them time to evacuate.\nwarning devices on a vehicle that sound when it is moving in an unexpected direction, such as reversing,\na siren, often accompanied by flashing coloured lights, on emergency vehicles responding to an emergency\nAlarm devices, by category, include:\n\nburglar alarms, designed to warn of burglaries. This is often a silent alarm; law enforcement or guards are warned without alerting the burglar, which increases the chances of stopping the theft while in progress.\nalarm clocks can beep, buzz or ring at a set time to wake a person up or for other reminders\ndistributed control systems (DCS), found in nuclear power plants, refineries and chemical facilities, also generate alarms to direct the operator's attention to an important event that they need to address.\nalarms in an operation and maintenance (O&M) monitoring system, which alerts an operator to a malfunction of a particular part of the system under monitoring.\nfirst-out alarm\nsafety alarms, which go off if a dangerous condition occurs. Common public safety alarms include:\ncivil defense siren, also known as tornado sirens or air raid sirens\nfire alarm systems\nfire alarm notification appliance\n\"Multiple-alarm fire\", a locally specific measure of the severity of a fire and the fire-department reactionThe Ministry of Defence received bids for a new anti-radiation missile in late 1982; British Aerospace Dynamics offered ALARM while Texas Instruments teamed with Lucas Aerospace offered its HARM missile. Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine announced the selection of ALARM on 29 July 1983. The initial order was 750 missiles for the RAF. The selection process was controversial; the battle between the contractors was bitter, the Ministry of Defence favoured ALARM to retain UK industrial capabilities while the Treasury favoured the cheaper and proven HARM.AnThe Ministry of Defence received bids for a new anti-radiation missile in late 1982; British Aerospace Dynamics offered ALARM while Texas Instruments teamed with Lucas Aerospace offered its HARM missile. Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine announced the selection of ALARM on 29 July 1983. The initial order was 750 missiles for the RAF. The selection process was controversial; the battle between the contractors was bitter, the Ministry of Defence favoured ALARM to retain UK industrial capabilities while the Treasury favoured the cheaper and proven HARM. directions of Elizabethan dramas. The term comes from the Italian all'armi and appears 89 times in Shakespeare's First Folio. Often explained as the off-stage sounds of conflict or disturbance, recent research suggests a bell or drum may have been used to rouse soldiers from sleep.\n\n\n== History and development ==\nEarly alarm devices were often bells, drums, other musical instruments, or any items which made unusual loud noises that attracted the attention of the surrounding population.\nWhistles were used by police in the 19th century. Steam whistles have",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "British Aerospace",
"paragraph_text": "ley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation. On 29 April 1977, the new entity was formed in the United Kingdom as a statutory corporation.\n\nUnder the provisions of the British Aerospace Act 1980 (c. 26), on 1 January the statutory corporation was transferred to a limited company, which then re-registered as a public limited company (plc), under the name \"British Aerospace Public Limited Company\", on 2 January 1981. BAe was privatised in two main phases, the first in February 1981, involvingThe GEC merger to create a UK company compared to what would have been an Anglo-German firm, made the possibility of further penetration of the United States (US) defence market more likely. The company, initially called \"New British Aerospace\", was officially formed on 30 November 1999 and known as BAE Systems. Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Formation and privatisation ===\nThe company has its origins in the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977, which called for the nationalisation and merger of the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation. On 29 April 1977, the new entity was formed in the United Kingdom as a statutory corporation.\n\nUnder the provisions of the British Aerospace Act 1980 (c. 26), on 1 January the statutory corporation was transferred to a limited company, which then re-registered as a public limited company (plc), under the name \"British Aerospace Public Limited Company\", on 2 January 1981. BAe was privatised in two main phases, the first in February 1981, involving 51.6% shares of the company, during which the public sale was 3.5 times subscribed and at the end of the first day's trading, share prices were 14% above the original offer price. The second phase occurred in May 1985, in which 48.4% shares were sold; this sale was 5.4 times subscribed and the first day closing price was 11% above the initial offer price. The British Government maintained a £1 golden share, which allowed it to veto foreign control of the board or company.\n\n\n=== Programmes ===\n\nBritish Aerospace inherited a number of live development programmes from its predecessors. Scottish Aviation was working on a project for a 19-seat turboprop airliner, an upgraded version of the Handley Page Jetstream. BAe placed the Jetstream 31 into production after the first flight of the prototype in March 1980. At the same time, production of Hawker Siddeley's HS 125 business jet, Harrier VTOL jet fighter and HS 748 turboprop airliner continued under BAe, as did that of the Trident jet airliner for a short time. Similarly, low-rate production of the British Aircraft Corporation's One-Eleven jet airliner, the Strikemaster two-seat military jet trainer/attack aircraft, and the iconic Concorde supersonic airliner also continued. \nOn 29 July 1976, less than a year prior to BAe's formation, the contract for production of the first batch of the Panavia Tornado, an advanced nuclear-capable fighter bomber, was signed. It was developed and produced via a multinational company, Panavia Aircraft GmbH, of which BAe was one of several companies to be heavily involved. On 10 July 1979, the maiden flight of a production Tornado occurred. On 5 and 6 June 1979, the first aircraft were delivered to the RAF and German Air Force respectively. On 25 September 1981, the first Italian Tornado was delivered. \nThe Tornado would be produced in large numbers, the 500th aircraft to be completed was delivered to West Germany on 19 December 1987. Production of the Tornado ended in 1998, the final batch being delivered to the Royal Saudi Air Force, that had ordered a total of 96 IDS Tornados. Aviation author Jon Lake noted that \"The Trinational Panavia Consortium produced just short of 1",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the dissolution date for the business that manufactures ALARM? | [
{
"id": 132472,
"question": "What company makes ALARM?",
"answer": "British Aerospace",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 120537,
"question": "When was #1 abolished?",
"answer": "30 November 1999",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 30 November 1999 | [] | true | When was the company that makes ALARM abolished? |
2hop__135029_712629 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex",
"paragraph_text": " ==\n\nPrince Edward was born at 8:20 p.m. on 10 March 1964 at Buckingham Palace, London, as the third son and the fourth and youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is the most recent child to be born to a reigning British monarch. His birth was the only one witnessed by his father. He was baptised on 2 May 1964 in the private chapel at Windsor Castle.\nAs with his three older siblings, Charles, Anne, and Andrew, a governess was appointed to look after Edward and was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace before he attended Collingham College, Kensington (then known as Gibbs School). In September 1972, he joined Heatherdown School, near Ascot in Berkshire. Later, as his father and elder brothers had done before him, he moved to Gordonstoun in northern Scotland, where he was appointed head boy in his last term. Edward obtained a C-grade in English and two D-grades in history and politics at A-level, and after leaving school spent a gap year abroad, working as a house tutor and junior master for two terms at the Wanganui Collegiate School in New Zealand.\nUpon his return to the United Kingdom, Edward studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he read history. His admission to the university despite poor A-Level results caused some comment. Edward graduated in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts degree (Lower Second Hons).\n\n\n== Post-university ==\n\n\n=== Royal Marines ===\nAfter graduating in 1986, Edward joined the Royal Marines, who had reportedly sponsored his tuition at Cambridge on condition of futurePrince Edward, Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line of succession to the British throne; he is 11th. The Earl is a full-time working member of the British royal family and supports the Queen in her official duties – often alongside his wife, the Countess of Wessex – as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of his own charities. In particular he has assumed many duties from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, who retired from public life in 2017. Prince Edward succeeded Prince Philip as president of the Commonwealth Games Federation (vice-patron since 2006) and opened the 1990 Commonwealth Games in New Zealand and the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. He has also taken over the Duke's role in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme.PrPrince Edward, Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line of succession to the British throne; he is 11th. The Earl is a full-time working member of the British royal family and supports the Queen in her official duties – often alongside his wife, the Countess of Wessex – as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of his own charities. In particular he has assumed many duties from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, who retired from public life in 2017. Prince Edward succeeded Prince Philip as president of the Commonwealth Games Federation (vice-patron since 2006) and opened the 1990 Commonwealth Games in New Zealand and the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. He has also taken over the Duke's role in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme. duties as a working member of the royal family, and undertook engagements on behalf of his mother. He holds patronage with over 70 charities and organisations, including the National Youth Theatre, the Sport and Recreation Alliance and the British Paralympic Association. His charity work focuses on the arts, athletics, and the development of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, which centres around fitness, wellbeing and community service.\nEdward was created Earl of Wessex prior to marrying Sophie Rhys-Jones in 1999. They have two children: Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor and James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex. Edward's mother conferred him the additional title of Earl of Forfar in 2019. On Edward's 59th birthday in 2023, his brother Charles III granted him the title Duke of Edinburgh as a life peerage, a dukedom previously held by their father, who died in 2021, then briefly by Charles himself.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\n\nPrince Edward was born at 8:20 p.m. on 10 March 1964 at Buckingham Palace, London, as the third son and the fourth and youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is the most recent child to be born to a reigning British monarch. His birth was the only one witnessed by his father. He was baptised on 2 May 1964 in the private chapel at Windsor Castle.\nAs with his three older siblings, Charles, Anne, and Andrew, a governess was appointed to look after Edward and was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace before he attended Collingham College, Kensington (then known as Gibbs School). In September 1972, he joined Heatherdown School, near Ascot in Berkshire. Later, as his father and elder brothers had done before him, he moved to Gordonstoun in northern Scotland, where he was appointed head boy in his last term. Edward obtained a C-grade in English and two D-grades in history and politics at A-level, and after leaving school spent a gap year abroad, working as a house tutor and junior master for two terms at the Wanganui Collegiate School in New Zealand.\nUpon his return to the United Kingdom, Edward studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he read history. His admission to the university despite poor A-Level results caused some comment. Edward graduated in 1986 with a Bachelor of Arts degree (Lower Second Hons).\n\n\n== Post-university ==\n\n\n=== Royal Marines ===\nAfter graduating in 1986, Edward joined the Royal Marines, who had reportedly sponsored his tuition at Cambridge on condition of futurePrince Edward, Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth",
"paragraph_text": ". The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil. The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America. Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as \"the most beautiful dress I had so far made\".\nOn account of the austerity measures following the war, Princess Elizabeth had to use clothing ration coupons to show her entitlement to the dress. The government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons. She was given hundreds of clothing coupons by brides-to-be from all parts of the country to help her acquire the dress. She had to return these coupons as it was illegal for them to have been given away in the first instance. \nThe designs for the dress were approved three months before the wedding. Hartnell's search for suitable designs in London art galleries had led to him to the Botticelli figure. This was the inspiration for the use of ivory silk with flower designs of jasmine, smilax, lilac and white rose-like blossoms added to the train, embellished by white crystals and pearls. These motifs were transferred to drawings to enable embroidery experts to work on them. The dress featured a \"heart-shaped neckline and long tight sleeves\".\nThe silk cloth was chosen at the specific directive of her mother, the Queen, who desired an \"unusually rich, lustrous stiff satin which was made at Lullingstone Castle\". The silkworms to manufacture the silk were bought from Nationalist China, and not from Japan and Fascist Italy, the UK's enemies during the war. Satin was chosen for the train, and a more flexible material of the same tone as the train was chosen for the dress. However, in spite of the careful choice of the silk, the curator of the London Museum observed 30 years later when the dress was on display at the museum that \"the choice of silk was not a good one\" as the fabric had deteriorated considerably due to being weighted with tin salts, effectively rotting the fabric. It was also noted that the \"weight of the embroidery dragged the skirt down, increasing the strain on the weave.\" Round the hem of the dress, \"a border of orange blossom was appliqued with transparent tulle outlined in seed pearls and crystal\".\nThe final design of the dress was kept secret, although much speculation surrounded it. It was said the princess feared that if details were published fashion house copies would make it impossible for her to make last-minute design alterations. The dress was taken to the palace a day before the wedding in a 4-foot (1.2 m) box. On the wedding day, the dress glittered, bejewelled with pearls \"skilThe wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Without straps and with long sleeves, it provided a \"fit and flare silhouette\".\n\n\n== Design ==\nThe wedding was a royal event held following the end of the Second World War. The dress, designed by the Court Designer Norman Hartnell, had a star-patterned fan-shaped bridal train that was 13 feet (4.0 m) in length. The train, symbolic of rebirth and growth after the war, was stated to be inspired by Botticelli's c.��1482 painting of Primavera, particularly the elaborate embroidery motifs of scattered flowers on the rich satin dress and the tulle veil worn by the royal bride. The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil. The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America. Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as \"the most beautiful dress I had so far made\".\nOn account of the austerity measures following the war, Princess Elizabeth had to use clothing ration coupons to show her entitlement to the dress. The government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons. She was given hundreds of clothing coupons by brides-to-be from all parts of the country to help her acquire the dress. She had to return these coupons as it was illegal for them to have been given away in the first instance. \nThe designs for the dress were approved three months before the wedding. Hartnell's search for suitable designs in London art galleries had led to him to the Botticelli figure. This was the inspiration for the use of ivory silk with flower designs of jasmine, smilax, lilac and white rose-like blossoms added to the train, embellished by white crystals and pearls. These motifs were transferred to drawings to enable embroidery experts to work on them. The dress featured a \"heart-shaped neckline and long tight sleeves\".\nThe silk cloth was chosen at the specific directive of her mother, the Queen, who desired an \"unusually rich, lustrous stiff satin which was made at Lullingstone Castle\". The silkworms to manufacture the silk were bought from Nationalist China, and not from Japan and Fascist Italy, the UK's enemies during the war. Satin was chosen for the train, and a more flexible material of the same tone as the train was chosen for the dress. However, in spite of the careful choice of the silk, the curator of the London Museum observed 30 years later when the dress was on display at the museum that \"the choice of silk was not a good one\" as the fabric had deteriorated considerably due to being weighted with tin salts, effectively rotting the fabric. It was also noted that the \"weight of the embroidery dragged the skirt down, increasing the strain on the weave.\" Round the hem of the dress, \"a border of orange blossom was appliqued with transparent tulle outlined in seed pearls and crystal\".\nThe final design of the dress was kept secret, although much",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the mother of Prince Edward, the Earl of Wessex? | [
{
"id": 135029,
"question": "Who is the mother of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex?",
"answer": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 712629,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Philip Mountbatten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Philip Mountbatten | [] | true | Who is the spouse of Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex's mother? |
2hop__728887_159109 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "RTC (Cape Verde)",
"paragraph_text": " RCV+, Radio Cabo Verde Jovem which broadcasts from 7 AM until 10 PM.\n\n\n== History and information ==\n\n\n=== Radio ===\nThe radio services in Cape Verde began in the 1930s making it the first in the nation, first known as Rádio Colonial Portuguesa (Portuguese Colonial Radio, equivalent to RDP in what were its colonies), it began broadcasting news, sporting events including soccer games from the nation and Cape Verde. After independence from Portugal on July 5, 1975, its overseas section of RDP was no more and radio broadcasts as RCV began. Years later, more radio affiliates were made on other islands, one of the stations was Rádio Voz de São Vicente.\n\n\n=== Television ===\nLong before the first regular television broadcasts started in Cape Verde, the first attempts at bringing television came at the mercy of Chibeto Faria, a bank manager, who lived in the island of São Vicente. Since Cape Verde had no television station at the time, the closest television stations were from the Canary Islands (broadcasts started 1964) and Senegal (broadcasts started 1965, regularized around 1973). To receive these signals, Chibeto had to transport his television set by donkey to Monte Verde (approximately 5 kilometers). The television viewers at the time preferred feature films and football matches.\nWith a growing number of viewers and followers of Chibeto, he decided to look for assistance from technicians to study the feasibility of a television service covering Mindelo with assistance from a French technician. With no money to start work, he started a fundraising campaign to set up the service. This also included the installation of a television transmitter at Monte Verde. Few households had aThe station also broadcasts news, sports, television shows and recently broadcasts football or soccer coverages from Portugal and also from Brazil as well as Latin America but rarely around the world. The radio channel is branded as RCV, originally broadcast during the later part of the day and the evening in its early years and then most of the day and the evening, now it is a 24-hour radio station. The TV channel is branded as TCV and it is also available in Portugal in the principal cable and IPTV platforms as a premium channel under the name TCV Internacional. As of the late 2000s, TCV broadcast from noon to midnight. The first and only youth radion station is known as RCV+, Radio Cabo Verde Jovem which broadcasts from 7 AM until 10 PM.TheThe station also broadcasts news, sports, television shows and recently broadcasts football or soccer coverages from Portugal and also from Brazil as well as Latin America but rarely around the world. The radio channel is branded as RCV, originally broadcast during the later part of the day and the evening in its early years and then most of the day and the evening, now it is a 24-hour radio station. The TV channel is branded as TCV and it is also available in Portugal in the principal cable and IPTV platforms as a premium channel under the name TCV Internacional. As of the late 2000s, TCV broadcast from noon to midnight. The first and only youth radion station is known as RCV+, Radio Cabo Verde Jovem which broadcasts from 7 AM until 10 PM. and the television station is in the north. Its current president is José Emanuel Tavares Moreira.\nThe station also broadcasts news, sports, television shows and recently broadcasts football coverages from Portugal and also from Brazil as well as Latin America but rarely around the world. The radio channel is branded as RCV, originally broadcast",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Cape Verde",
"paragraph_text": " of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment. Its population of around 596,000 (as of 2022) is of mostly African and a minor European heritage, and predominantly Roman Catholic, reflecting the legacy ofCape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi). Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the 15th century, when Portuguese explorers discovered and colonized the islands, thus establishing the first European settlement in the tropics. Because the Cape Verde islands were conveniently located to play a role in the Atlantic slave trade, Cape Verde became economically prosperous during the 16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, privateers, and pirates. It declined economically in the 19th century after the suppression of the Atlantic slave trade by the British Empire, and many of its inhabitants emigrated during that period. However, Cape Verde gradually recovered economically by becoming an important commercial center and useful stopover point along major shipping routes. Cape Verde became independent in 1975.\nSince the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable representative democracy and has remained one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment. Its population of around 596,000 (as of 2022) is of mostly African and a minor European heritage, and predominantly Roman Catholic, reflecting the legacy of Portuguese rule. A sizeable Cape Verdean diaspora community exists across the world, especially in the United States and Portugal, considerably outnumbering the inhabitants on the islands. Cape Verde is a member state of the African Union.\nCape Verde's official language is Portuguese. The recognized national language is Cape Verdean Creole,",
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}
] | In what location can Assomada be found? | [
{
"id": 728887,
"question": "Assomada >> country",
"answer": "Cabo Verde",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 159109,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "central Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | central Atlantic Ocean | [
"Atlantic Ocean",
"Atlantic"
] | true | Where is Assomada located? |
2hop__384238_74735 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Julian Lennon",
"paragraph_text": "7), \"Hey Jude\" (1968), and \"Good Night\" (1968). His parents divorced in 1968 after his father had an affair with Yoko Ono. \nLennon started a music career in 1984 with the album Valotte, best known for its lead single \"Too Late for Goodbyes\", and has since released six more albums. He has held exhibitions of his fine-art photography and has written several children's books. In 2006, Lennon produced the environmental documentary film Whaledreamers, which won eight international awards. In 2007, he founded The White Feather Foundation (TWFF), whose stated mission goal is to address \"environmental and humanitarian issues\".\nIn 2020, Lennon was executive producer of the Netflix documentary Kiss the Ground about regenerative agriculture and the follow-up film Common Ground. In 2022, Lennon was executive producer of the documentary film Women of the White Buffalo, which chronicles the lives of women living on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nJulian Lennon was born John Charles Julian Lennon on 8 April 1963 at Sefton General Hospital in Liverpool, to John Lennon and Cynthia Powell. He was named after hisJulian Lennon was born on 8 April 1963 in Liverpool. He was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather.JJulian Lennon was born on 8 April 1963 in Liverpool. He was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather. member John Lennon and his first wife, Cynthia, and he is named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. Julian inspired three Beatles songs: \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" (1967), \"Hey Jude\" (1968), and \"Good Night\" (1968). His parents divorced in 1968 after his father had an affair with Yoko Ono. \nLennon started a music career in 1984 with the album Valotte, best known for its lead single \"Too Late for Goodbyes\", and has since released six more albums. He has held exhibitions of his fine-art photography and has written several children's books. In 2006, Lennon produced the environmental documentary film Whaledreamers, which won eight international awards. In 2007, he founded The White Feather Foundation (TWFF), whose stated mission goal is to address \"environmental and humanitarian issues\".\nIn 2020, Lennon was executive producer of the Netflix documentary Kiss the Ground about regenerative agriculture and the follow-up film Common Ground. In 2022, Lennon was executive producer of the documentary film Women of",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hey Jude",
"paragraph_text": " Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles with Capitol Records in 1969 which required one compilation album per year. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially due to the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums. This was a consequence of their arrangement``Hey Jude ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The ballad evolved from`` Hey Jules'', a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. ``Hey Jude ''begins with a verse - bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade - out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.H``Hey Jude ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The ballad evolved from`` Hey Jules'', a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. ``Hey Jude ''begins with a verse - bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade - out coda that lasts for more than four minutes. been released by United Artists Records. The Hey Jude LP has been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled The U.S. Albums. It is named after the Beatles' longest-running No. 1 single \"Hey Jude\", itself the seventh track of the compilation.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Hey Jude album was conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles with Capitol Records in 1969 which required one compilation album per year. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially due to the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums. This was a consequence of their arrangement``Hey Jude ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The ballad evolved from`` Hey Jules'', a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. ``Hey Jude ''begins with a verse - bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade - out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.Hey Jude (original title: The Beatles Again) is a 1970 collection of non-album singles and B-sides by the Beatles. Originally released in the United States and various other markets, but not in the United Kingdom, it consists of non-album singles and B-sides not previously issued on an American Beatles LP; this includes \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"Can't Buy Me Love\", two singles released by Capitol Records whose only previous American album appearance had been on the A Hard Day's Night soundtrack album, which had been released by United Artists Records. The Hey Jude LP has been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled The U.S. Albums. It is named after the Beatles' longest-running No. 1 single \"Hey Jude\", itself the seventh track of the compilation.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Hey Jude album was conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles with Capitol Records in 1969 which required one compilation album per year. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially due to the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums. This was a consequence of their arrangement with United Artists in 1964 and due to the habit of Capitol Records of recompiling the Beatles' British releases for local markets until 1967. Steckler chose not to include the original Parlophone single version of \"Love Me Do\"; \"A Hard Day's Night\", which had been released as a single by Capitol and was available on the United Artists soundtrack album; \"I'm Down\", which was the B-side of \"Help!\"; and \"The Inner Light\", the B-side of \"Lady Madonna\". He also overlooked \"From Me to You\", \"Misery\", and \"There's a Place\", which were first issued in the US by Vee Jay Records but had not yet been issued on a Capitol album. \"Sie Liebt Dich\", a German-language version of \"She Loves You\", and the single version of \"Get Back\" were also passed over. (The single version of \"Let It Be\" and its B-side, \"You",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For which siblings of Sean Lennon did Paul McCartney compose a song? | [
{
"id": 384238,
"question": "Sean Lennon >> sibling",
"answer": "Julian Lennon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 74735,
"question": "what song did paul mccartney wrote for #1",
"answer": "``Hey Jude ''",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | ``Hey Jude '' | [
"Hey Jude"
] | true | What song did Paul McCartney write for Sean Lennon's siblings? |
3hop1__287291_375759_84283 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": "Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Tri-Tone Fascination",
"paragraph_text": "\", was inspired by and named after composer Conlon Nancarrow.TheThe Tri-Tone Fascination is the second and final studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1999 through Eye Reckon Records; a second edition was reissued in 2000, containing a revised track listing (with the omission of two songs) and different cover art. The opening track, \"Kaiser Nancarrow\", was inspired by and named after composer Conlon Nancarrow.== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nShawn Lane – vocals,The Tri-Tone Fascination is the second and final studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1999 through Eye Reckon Records; a second edition was reissued in 2000, containing a revised track listing (with the omission of two songs) and different cover art. The opening track, \"Kaiser Nancarrow\", was inspired by and named after composer Conlon Nancarrow.The Tri-Tone Fascination is the second and final studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1999 through Eye Reckon Records; a second edition was reissued in 2000, containing a revised track listing (with the omission of two songs) and different cover art. The opening track, \"Kaiser Nancarrow\", was inspired by and named after composer Conlon Nancarrow.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nShawn Lane – vocals, guitar, keyboard (except track 9), drums (except tracks 1, 3, 5), drum machine, bass (except tracks 3, 5, 9), production\nLuther Dickinson – guitar (tracks 3, 5)\nBuddy Davis – guitar (track 9)\nTom Ward – keyboard (track 9)\nSean Rickman – drums (track 1)\nCody Dickinson – drums (tracks 3, 5)\nPaul Taylor – bass (tracks 3, 5)\nEric Phillips – bass (track 9)\nLes Birchfield – executive production\n\n\n== References ==The Tri-Tone Fascination is the second and final studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1999 through Eye Reckon Records; a second edition was reissued in 2000, containing a revised track listing (with the omission of two songs) and different cover art. The opening track, \"Kaiser Nancarrow\", was inspired by and named after composer Conlon Nancarrow.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nShawn Lane – vocals, guitar, keyboard (except track 9), drums (except tracks 1, 3, 5), drum machine, bass (except tracks 3, 5, 9), production\nLuther Dickinson – guitar (tracks 3, 5)\nBuddy Davis – guitar (track 9",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Powers of Ten (album)",
"paragraph_text": " drums, and the \"long and meandering\" keyboard pieces \"Powers of Ten: Suite\" and \"Piano Concertino: Transformation of Themes\"; the latter tracks he noted as interrupting the momentum established in the album's first half. He nonetheless called most of the songs \"pleasant enough\" and praised Lane as a \"phenomenally talented\" guitarist and musician.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nShawn Lane – guitar, keyboard, drum programming (except tracks 13, 14), bass (except tracks 13, 14), arrangement, engineering, mixing, production\nSean Rickman – drums (tracks 13, 14)\nBarry Bays – bass (tracks 13, 14)\nBil VornDick – mixing (tracks 2, 4, 8, 11)\nLinel – mixing assistance\nAndy Johns – engineering (tracks 12–14), mixing (tracks 12–14), production (tracks 13, 14)\nRichard Landers – engineering assistance (tracks 12–14), mixing assistance (tracks 12–14)\nRail Rogut – engineering, mixing, digital editing (tracks 12–14)\nBruce Dees – digital editing (tracks 1–11)\nMichael Patterson – digital editing (tracks 1–11)\nDenny Purcell – mastering (tracks 1–11)\nBernie Grundman – mastering (tracks 12–14)\n\n\n== References ==Powers of Ten is the first studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1992 through Warner Bros. Records. A second edition was reissued in 1993, with a revised track listing and alternate versions of \"Get You Back\" and \"West Side Boogie\" (both of which were included as bonus tracks on the 2006 reissuePowers of Ten is the first studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1992 through Warner Bros. Records; a second edition was reissued in 1993, containing a revised track listing and alternative versions of \"Get You Back\" and \"West Side Boogie\" (both of which were included as bonus tracks on the 2006 reissue through Eye Reckon Records). In a 2009 article by \"Guitar World\" magazine, the album was ranked seventh on the all-time top ten list of shred albums.PPowers of Ten is the first studio album by guitarist Shawn Lane, released in 1992 through Warner Bros. Records; a second edition was reissued in 1993, containing a revised track listing and alternative versions of \"Get You Back\" and \"West Side Boogie\" (both of which were included as bonus tracks on the 2006 reissue through Eye Reckon Records). In a 2009 article by \"Guitar World\" magazine, the album was ranked seventh on the all-time top ten list of shred albums. reception ==\n\nJas Obrecht at Guitar Player praised Powers of Ten as \"a solo album in the truest sense. ... The immaculate articulations of 'Gray Pianos Flying' will awe shred-heads, while 'Epilogue (for Lisa)' ... displays the guitarist's more tender side.\"\nDaniel Gioff",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which individual possesses the music production company that the artist of The Tri-Tone Fascination is associated with? | [
{
"id": 287291,
"question": "The Tri-Tone Fascination >> performer",
"answer": "Shawn Lane",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 375759,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who owns the record label that The Tri-Tone Fascination's performer belongs to? |
2hop__462179_643013 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Radwanice, Polkowice County",
"paragraph_text": " Radwanice.Radwanice () is a village in Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Radwanice.Radwanice () is a village in Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-westowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Radwanice.Radwanice () is a village in Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called GminaRadwanice () is a village in Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Radwanice.Radwanice () is a village in PolkowRadwanice () is a village in Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Radwanice.mina Radwanice.Radwanice () isRadwanice () is a village in Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Radwanice.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Przemków Landscape Park",
"paragraph_text": "The Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship: in Bolesławiec County (Gmina Gromadka) and Polkowice County (Gmina Chocianów, Gmina Gaworzyce, Gmina Przemków, Gmina Radwanice).The Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship: in Bolesławiec County (Gmina Gromadka) and Polkowice County (Gmina Chocianów, Gmina Gaworzyce, Gmina Przemków, Gmina Radwanice).Scenic Park of Przemkow (Przemkowski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in western Poland, established in 1997, covering an area of 223.38 square kilometres (86.25 sq mi).\nThe Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship: in Bolesławiec County (Gmina Gromadka) and Polkowice County (Gmina Chocianów, Gmina Gaworzyce, Gmina Przemków, Gmina Radwanice).\n\n\n== Features ==\nThere are four nature reserves within the park, two ornithological: Buczyna Piotrowicka, Stawy Przemkowskie (Ponds of Przemkow) and two floristic: Legi Zrodliskowe and Torfowisko Borowki.\nPasternik Mountain is the highest point in the park at 187.4 m (615 ft). It is uncommon inland dune formation.\nArguably the oldest tree in Poland is located within the park borders in Piotrowice village. It is pedunculate oak named \"Chrobry\" estimated to be 720 years old.\nThere are two Nature Paths within the borders of the park: Lasy okolic Przemkowa (Przemkow Neighbourhood's Forests) and Ponds of Przemkow.\nSince 2010, the reintroduction of the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus), or European souslik has been taking place in the area near Jakubowo Lubińskie as part of the bigger reintroduction of this species in the fauna of Poland led by Polish Association for Nature Preservation \"Salamandra\".\n\n\n== Protected species ==\nRare protected species found in the park include:\nlesser periwinkle (Vinca minor),\ncommon ivy (Hedera helix),\nOld World Royal fern (Osmunda regalis),\nYellow Water-lily (Nuphar luteum),\nEuropean white waterlily (Nymphaea alba),\nNymphaea candida,\nAsian goatsbeard (Aruncus sylvestris),\nglobe-flower (Trollius europaeus),\ncommon sundew (Drosera rotundifolia),\noblong-leaved sundew (Drosera intermedia),\nPinus uliginosa,\nheath spotted orchid (Orchis maculata),\nRichly-leaved dactylorhiza (Orchis latifolia),\nmezereon (Daphne mezereum),\nhoneysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum),\nwolf's-foot clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum),\nLycopodium onnotinum,\nand Northern firmoss (Lycopodium selago)\n\n\n== References ==Scenic Park of Przemkow (Przemkowski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in western Poland, established in 1997, covering an area of 223.38 square kilometres (86.25 sq mi).\nThe Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship: in Bolesławiec County (Gmina Gromadka) and Polkowice County (Gmina Chocianów, Gmina Gaworzyce, Gmina Przemków, Gmina Radwanice).\n\n\n== Features ==\nThere are four nature reserves within the park, two ornithological: Buczyna Piotrowicka, Stawy Przemkowskie (Ponds of Przemkow) and two floristic: Legi Zrodliskowe and Torfowisko Borowki.\nPasternik Mountain is the highest point in the park at 187.4 m (615 ft). It is uncommon inland dune formation.\nArguably the oldest tree in Poland is located within the park borders in Piotrowice village. It is pedunculate oak named \"Chrobry\" estimated to be 720 years old.\nThere are two Nature Paths within the borders of the park: Lasy okolic Przemkowa (Przemkow Neighbourhood's Forests) and Ponds of Przemkow.\nSince 2010, the reintroduction of the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus), or European souslik has been taking place in the area near Jakubowo Lubińskie as part of the bigger reintroduction of this species in the fauna of Poland led by Polish Association for Nature Preservation \"Salamandra\".\n\n\n== Protected species ==\nRare protected species found in the park include:\nlesser periwinkle (Vinca minor),\ncommon ivy (Hedera helix),\nOld World Royal fern (Osmunda regalis),\nYellow Water-lily (Nuphar luteum),\nEuropean white waterlily (Nymphaea alba),\nNymphaea candida,\nAsian goatsbeard (Aruncus sylvestris),\nglobe-flower (Trollius europaeus),\ncommon sundew (Drosera rotundifolia),\noblong-leaved sundew (Drosera intermedia),\nPinus uliginosa,\nheath spotted orchid (Orchis maculata),\nRichly-leaved dactylorhiza (Orchis latifolia),\nmezereon (Daphne mezereum),\nhoneysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum),\nwolf's-foot clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum),\nLycopodium onnotinum,\nand Northern firmoss (Lycopodium selago)\n\n\n== References ==Scenic Park of Przemkow (Przemkowski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in western Poland, established in 1997, covering an area of 223.38 square kilometres (86.25 sq mi).\nThe Park lies within Lower Silesian Voivodeship: in Bolesławiec County (Gmina Gromadka) and Polkowice County (Gmina Chocianów, Gmina Gaworzyce, Gmina Przemków, Gmina Radwanice).\n\n\n== Features ==\nThere are four nature reserves within the park, two ornithological: Buczyna Piotrowicka, Stawy Przemkowskie",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which geographical area borders the administrative region where Radwanice in the Polkowice County is situated? | [
{
"id": 462179,
"question": "Radwanice, Polkowice County >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Gmina Radwanice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 643013,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Gmina Gaworzyce",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Gmina Gaworzyce | [] | true | What shares a border with the administrative territorial entity Radwanice, Polkowice County is located in? |
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