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4hop3__661103_698586_57596_54362 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Atlanta in the American Civil War",
"paragraph_text": " the zero-mile post. In 1860, Atlanta was a relatively small city ranking 99th in the United States in size with a population of 9,554 according to the 1860 United States (U.S.) Census. However, it was the 13th-largest city in what became the Confederate States of America. A large number of machine shops, foundries and other industrial concerns were soon established in Atlanta. The population swelled to nearly 22,000 as workers arrived for these new factories and warehouses.\nThe city was a vital transportation and logistics center, with several major railroads in the area. The Western & Atlantic Railroad connected the city with Chattanooga, Tennessee, 138 miles to the north. The Georgia Railway connected the city with Augusta to the east and the Confederate Powderworks on the Savannah River. The Macon & Western connected Atlanta to Macon and Savannah to its south. The fourth line, Atlanta and West Point Railroad, completed in 1854, connected Atlanta with West Point, Georgia. At West Point the line linked up with the Western Railway of Alabama, thus connecting Atlanta with Montgomery to its west. A series of roads radiated out from the city in all directions, connecting Atlanta with neighboring towns and states.\nThought to be relatively safe from Union forces early in the war, Atlanta rapidly became a concentration point for the Confederate quartermasters and logistics experts; warehouses were filled with food, forage, supplies, ammunition, clothing and other materiel critical to the Confederate States of America armies operating in the Western Theater.\nSome of the major manufacturing facilities supporting the Confederate war effort were:\n\nThe Atlanta Rolling Mill, established before the war, was significantly expanded and provided a major source for armor plating for Confederate Navy ironclads, including the CSS Virginia. It also refurbished railroad tracks.\nThe Confederate Pistol Factory made pistols.\nThe Novelty Iron Works produced ordnance supplies.\nConfederate Arsenal was located at the northwest corner of Walton and Peachtree Street.\nThe Empire Manufacturing Company made Railroad cars and bar iron.\nWinship Foundry produced great quantities of metal products, railroad supplies, freight cars, and iron bolts.\nAtlanta Machine Works produced ordnance. The cannons produced by the Atlanta Machine Works were rifled at the Western and Atlantic Roundhouse.\nW. S. Withers and Solomon Solomon Foundry made buttons, spurs, bits, buckles, etc.\nA Flour Mill was located at the northwest corner of Marietta and North Avenue.\nHammond Marshall Sword Factory manufactured swords.\nAtlanta Steam Tannery made leather goods for the army.\nThe Naval Ordnance Works was set up in early 1862 by Lieutenant David Porter McCorkle using stores and machinery he was able to move to Atlanta from New Orleans before it fell. The works produced gun carriages and 7-inch shells for the Confederate navy.\nThe Confederate Iron and Brass Foundry produced all kinds of iron and brass works.\nIn addition to the transportation and manufacturing facilities, there were several hospitals in Atlanta.\n\nThe General Hospital was located on the fairground, on Fair Street.\nThe Distribution Hospital was located on the southeast corner of Alabama and Pryor Streets.\nThe Atlanta Female Institute on Courtland Street was used as a hospital.\nThe Atlanta Medical College was used as a surgical hospital.\nKiles Hotel on Decatur and Loyd Streets was used as a hospital.\nA hotel on Peachtree was used as a hospital.\nThe convalescent hospital was located on the Ponder property at Means Street and Ponder Avenue.\nThe hospital for contagious diseases was located on 155 acres of property taken from William Markham.\nOn July 5, 1864, General Joseph E. Johnston issued orders that all hospitals and munitions works in Atlanta be evacuated. On July 7, Colonel Josiah Georgas, ordnance chief in Richmond, issued orders to Colonel M. H. Wright, commanding the arsenal in Atlanta: \"Send the bulk of machinery & stores to Augusta and to Columbia, S.C., send workmen in same direction when it becomes necessary.\"\nA number of newspapers flourished in Atlanta during the Civil War. Among the more prominent ones were the Atlanta Southern Confederacy and the Daily Intelligencer, both of which moved to Macon, Georgia, during the Union occupation in 1864. The Daily Intelligencer was the only Atlanta paper to survive the war and resume publication from Atlanta after Union forces began their \"March to the Sea\".\n\n\n== Atlanta as a target ==\n\nConcerned after the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, that Atlanta would be a logical target for future Union Army attacks, Jeremy F. Gilmer, Chief of the Confederate Engineer Bureau, contacted Captain Lemuel P. Grant, Chief Engineer of the Department of Georgia, and asked him to survey possible enemy crossings of the Chattahoochee River, a broad waterway that offered some protection from a northern approach. Grant complied, and after a thorough investigation and survey, explained that the fortification of Atlanta would involve \"an expenditure second only to the defense of Richmond\". Captain Grant planned \"a cordon of enclosed works, within supporting distance of each other\", with twelve to fifteen strong forts sited specially for artillery and connected by infantry entrenchments in a perimeter \"between 10 and 12 miles in extent\". Gilmer gave Grant the approval to develop a plan toIn 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed.In 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Dunn Dunn",
"paragraph_text": "\"Dunn Dunn\", produced by Born Immaculate and DJ Pooh, is the second single from Shawty Lo's debut solo album, \"Units in the City\". Part of Shawty Lo's third single, \"Foolish,\" is played at the end. However, at the end of the video \"to be continued\" is seen on the screen.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Shawty Lo discography",
"paragraph_text": "The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist).== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Mixtapes ===\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n== Other charted songs ==\n\n\n== Guest appearances ==\n\n2008\n\"WOW (Remix)\" (Kia Shine featuring Shawty Lo & Streetknok)\n\"This Is The Life (Remix)\" (Rick Ross featuring Shawty Lo, Triple C's, Flo Rida, Brisco & Baby)\n\"My Bumper (Remix)\" (Cene featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Born & Raised\" (GhostWridah featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Money\" (Capone-n-Noreaga featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"My Way\" (Kieran featuring Shawty Lo & Yung Joc)\n\"So Fly (Remix)\" (Slim featuring Shawty Lo & Yung Joc)\n\"Gucci Bandanna\" (Soulja Boy Tell 'Em featuring Gucci Mane & Shawty Lo) iS",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "History of taxation in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " on November 1, 1765, at the end of the Seven Years' War between the French and the British, a war that started with the young officer George Washington attacking a French outpost. The stamp tax had the scopeThe history of taxation in the United States begins with the colonial protest against British taxation policy in the 1760s, leading to the American Revolution. The independent nation collected taxes on imports (``tariffs ''), whiskey, and (for a while) on glass windows. States and localities collected poll taxes on voters and property taxes on land and commercial buildings. There are state and federal excise taxes. State and federal inheritance taxes began after 1900, while the states (but not the federal government) began collecting sales taxes in the 1930s. The United States imposed income taxes briefly during the Civil War and the 1890s. In 1913, the 16th Amendment was ratified, permanently legalizing an income tax.TheThe history of taxation in the United States begins with the colonial protest against British taxation policy in the 1760s, leading to the American Revolution. The independent nation collected taxes on imports (``tariffs ''), whiskey, and (for a while) on glass windows. States and localities collected poll taxes on voters and property taxes on land and commercial buildings. There are state and federal excise taxes. State and federal inheritance taxes began after 1900, while the states (but not the federal government) began collecting sales taxes in the 1930s. The United States imposed income taxes briefly during the Civil War and the 1890s. In 1913, the 16th Amendment was ratified, permanently legalizing an income tax. United States Constitution Article 1, Section 9 defines a direct tax. The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution did not create a new tax.\n\n\n== Colonial taxation ==\n\nTaxes were low at the local, colonial, and imperial levels throughout the colonial era. The issue that led to the Revolution was whether parliament had the right to impose taxes on the Americans when they were not represented in parliament.\n\n\n== Influential colonial taxation policies ==\n\n\n=== Stamp Act ===\n\nThe Stamp Act of 1765 was the fourth Stamp Act to be passed by the Parliament of Great Britain and required all legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the American colonies to carry a tax stamp. It was enacted on November 1, 1765, at the end of the Seven Years' War between the French and the British, a war that started",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | During the conflict which led to the inception of U.S. income tax, who was responsible for setting ablaze the city in which the musician famous for "Dunn Dunn" passed away? | [
{
"id": 661103,
"question": "Dunn Dunn >> record label",
"answer": "Shawty Lo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 698586,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 57596,
"question": "when did income tax start in the united states",
"answer": "during the Civil War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 54362,
"question": "who burned down #2 in #3",
"answer": "Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood | [] | true | Who burned down the city where the artist who recorded Dunn Dunn died, during the war that saw the introduction of income tax in the U.S.? |
2hop__6744_6731 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Catalan language",
"paragraph_text": "ic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nThe language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.\n\n\n== Etymology and pronunciation ==\n\nThe word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.\nIn English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as , or .\nThe endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name \"Valencian\", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with \"Catalan\". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in the dictionaries by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. See also status of Valencian below.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Middle Ages ===\n\nBy the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.\nIn the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.\nDuring the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded southward to the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century.\nIn the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausiàs March (1397–1459). By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. During this period, the Royal Chancery propagated a highly standardized language. Catalan was widely used as an official language in Sicily until the 15th century, and in Sardinia until the 17th. During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms \"one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe\".\nMartorell's novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work. The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan.\n\n\n=== Start of the modern era ===\n\n\n==== Spain ====\nWith the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon in 1479, the Spanish kings ruled over different kingdoms, each with its own cultural, linguistic and political particularities, and they had to swear by the laws of each territory before the respective parliaments. But after the War of the Spanish Succession, Spain became an absolute monarchy under Philip V, which led to the assimilation of the Crown of Aragon by the Crown of Castile through the Nueva Planta decrees, as a first step in the creation of the Spanish nation-state; as in other contemporary European states, this meant the imposition of the political and cultural characteristics of the dominant groups. Since the political unification of 1714, Spanish assimilation policies towards national minorities have been a constant.\n\nThe process of assimilation began with secret instructions to the corregidores of the Catalan territory: they \"will take the utmost care to introduce the Castilian language, for which purpose he will give the most temperate and disguised measures so that the effect is achieved, without the care being noticed.\" From there, actions in the service of assimilation, discreet or aggressive, were continued, and reached to the last detail, such as, in 1799, the Royal Certificate forbidding anyone to \"represent, sing and dance pieces that were not in Spanish.\" The use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious and marked the start of the decline of Catalan. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature came under the influence of Spanish, and the nobles, part of the urban and literary classes became bilingual.\n\n\n==== France ====\nWith the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.\nShortly after the French Revolution (1789), the French First Republic prohibited official use of, and enacted discriminating policies against, the regional languages of France, such as Catalan, Alsatian, Breton, Occitan, Flemish, and Basque.\n\n\n=== France: 19th to 20th century ===\n\nAfter the French colony of Algeria was established in 1830, many Catalan-speaking settlers moved there. People from the Spanish province of Alicante settled around Oran, while those from French Catalonia and Menorca migrated to Algiers.\nBy 1911, there were around 100,000 speakers of Patuet, as their speech was called. After the Algerian declaration of independence in 1962, almost all the Pied-Noir Catalan speakers fled to Northern Catalonia or Alicante.\nThe French government only recognizes French as an official language. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the then General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the départment's languages and seeks to further promote it in public life and education.\n\n\n=== Spain: 18th to 20th century ===\n\nIn 1807, the Statistics Office of the French Ministry of the Interior asked the prefects for an official survey on the limitsIn Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ��/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ��/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.Catalan (In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan. Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language. It is the official language of Andorra, and an official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nThe language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.\n\n\n== Etymology and pronunciation ==\n\nThe word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.\nIn English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as , or .\nThe endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name \"Valencian\", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with \"Catalan\". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Catalan language",
"paragraph_text": "ian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nThe language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.\n\n\n== Etymology and pronunciation ==\n\nThe word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.\nIn English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as , or .\nThe endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name \"Valencian\", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with \"Catalan\". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in the dictionaries by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. See also status of Valencian below.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Middle Ages ===\n\nBy the 9th century, Catalan had evolvedWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects. Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language. It is the official language of Andorra, and an official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nThe language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.\n\n\n== Et",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which two dialects does the alternate pattern that other vowels adhere to include? | [
{
"id": 6744,
"question": "What other pattern do other vowels follow?",
"answer": "Western Catalan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 6731,
"question": "What two dialects does #1 include?",
"answer": "Northwestern Catalan and Valencian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Northwestern Catalan and Valencian | [] | true | What two dialects are included in the other pattern other vowels follow? |
2hop__156700_63853 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kraai River",
"paragraph_text": " joins the Orange River at 30°40′02″S 26°45′06″E.\nThe river flows almost entirely over sandstone rocks of the Clarens Formation.\nThe Kraai is fishable, containing rainbow trout, brown trout and smallmouth yellowfish.\n\nIn 1881\na sandstone arch bridge called the J W Sauer bridge was completed over the river. The bridge linked communities in the Kraai River basin with Aliwal North. The Sauer bridge and the Loch Bridge on the farm\nTyger Krantz, are now Provincial Heritage sites.\n\n\n== Major tributaries ==\nBell River and a tributary of the Bell, the Kloppershoek Spruit\nSterk Spruit, its tributaries are the Bok Spruit and Rifle Spruit\nJoggem Spruit\nLangkloof Spruit\nDiep Spruit and its tributary, the Three Drifts Stream\nCarlisleshoek Spruit and the Maartenshoek Spruit\nKlein Wildebeest Spruit\nSaalboom Spruit and its tributary, the Vaalhoek Spruit\nKarnmelk Spruit\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of rivers of South Africa\nList of reservoirs and dams in South Africa\n\n\n== References ==The Kraai River (literally \"Crow River\") is a tributary of the Orange River (also called Gariep River by locals) that flows near Barkly East in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.\n\nThe Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterk Spruit at Moshesh's Ford at 30°51′09″S 27°46′40″E all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at 30°40′02″S 26°45′06″E.\nThe river flows almost entirely over sandstone rocks of the Clarens Formation.\nThe Kraai is fishable, containing rainbow trout, brown trout and smallmouth yellowfish.\n\nIn 1881\na sandstone arch bridge called the J W Sauer bridge was completed over the river. The bridge linked communities in the Kraai River basin with Aliwal North. The Sauer bridge and the Loch Bridge on the farm\nTyger Krantz, are now Provincial Heritage sites.\n\n\n== Major tributaries ==\nBell River and a tributary of the Bell, the Kloppershoek Spruit\nSterk Spruit, its tributaries are the Bok Spruit and Rifle Spruit\nJoggem Spruit\nLangkloof Spruit\nDiep Spruit and its tributary, the Three Drifts Stream\nCarlisleshoek Spruit and the Maartenshoek Spruit\nKlein Wildebeest Spruit\nSaalboom Spruit and its tributary, the Vaalhoek Spruit\nKarnmelk Spruit\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of rivers of South Africa\nList of reservoirs and dams in South Africa\n\n\n== References ==The Kraai River (literally \"Crow River\") is a tributary of the Orange River (also called Gariep River by locals) that flows near Barkly East in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.\n\nThe Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterk Spruit at Moshesh's Ford at 30°51′09″S 27°46′40″E all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at 30°40′02″S 26°45′06″E.\nThe river flows almost entirely over sandstone rocks of the Clarens Formation.\nThe Kraai is fishable, containing rainbow trout, brown trout and smallmouth yellowfish.\n\nIn 1881\na sandstone arch bridge called the J W Sauer bridge was completed over the river. The bridge linked communities in the Kraai River basin with Aliwal North. The Sauer bridge and the Loch Bridge on the farm\nTyger Krantz, are now Provincial Heritage sites.\n\n\n== Major tributaries ==\nBell River and a tributary of the Bell, the Kloppershoek Spruit\nSterk Spruit, its tributaries are the Bok Spruit and Rifle Spruit\nJoggem Spruit\nLangkloof Spruit\nDiep Spruit and its tributary, the Three Drifts Stream\nCarlisleshoek Spruit and the Maartenshoek Spruit\nKlein Wildebeest Spruit\nSaalboom Spruit and its tributary, the Vaalhoek Spruit\nKarnmelk Spruit\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of rivers of South Africa\nList of reservoirs and dams in South Africa\n\n\n== References ==The Kraai River (literally \"Crow River\") is a tributary of the Orange River (also called Gariep River by locals) that flows near Barkly East in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.\n\nThe Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterk Spruit at Moshesh's Ford at 30°51′09″S 27°46′40″E all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at 30The Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterkspruit at Moshesh's Ford at all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at .The Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterkspruit at Moshesh's Ford at all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at . Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterk Spruit at Moshesh's Ford at 30°51′09″S 27°46′40″E all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at 30°40′02″S 26°45′06″E.\nThe river flows almost entirely over sandstone rocks of the Clarens Formation.\nThe Kraai is fishable, containing rainbow trout, brown trout and smallmouth yellowfish.\n\nIn 1881\na sandstone arch bridge called the J W Sauer bridge was completed over the river. The bridge linked communities in the Kraai River basin with Aliwal North. The Sauer bridge and the Loch Bridge on the farm\nTyger Krantz, are now Provincial Heritage sites.\n\n\n== Major tributaries ==\nBell River and a tributary of the Bell, the Kloppershoek Spruit\nSterk Spruit, its tributaries are the Bok Spruit and Rifle Spruit\nJoggem Spruit\nLangkloof Spruit\nDiep Spruit and its tributary, the Three Drifts Stream\nCarlis",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Orange River",
"paragraph_text": " border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.\nAt the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern border of the province. From here, the river flows further westward through the arid wilderness of the southern Kalahari region and Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province to meet with Namibia at 20°E longitude. From here, it flows westward for 550 km (340 mi), forming the international border between the province and Namibia's ��Karas Region. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia.\n\nIn the last 800 km (500 mi) of its course, the Orange receives many intermittent streams, and several large wadis lead into it. In this section, the Namib Desert terminates on the north bank of the river, so under normal circumstances, the volume of water added by these tributaries is negligible. HereOrange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | From where does the river that the Kraai River feeds into originate? | [
{
"id": 156700,
"question": "What is Kraai River a tributary of?",
"answer": "Orange River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 63853,
"question": "what is the source of #1",
"answer": "Thaba Putsoa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Thaba Putsoa | [] | true | What is the source of the river of which Kraai River is a tributary? |
3hop1__241001_568433_51423 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Arna Selznick",
"paragraph_text": " for Corus's Nelvana based on the popular children's book by Ashley Spires, narrated by Whoopi Goldberg, screenplay by John van Bruggen. A young girl receives a tool kit as a gift and decides to make something magnificent for her faithful dog companion but the creative process proves more challenging than expected.\nSelznick completed two years, 2014- 2016 as a key member of the story team of the CG animated feature film, The Nut Job 2, produced in Toronto by Toonbox Entertainment.\nSelznick began her career at Toronto's Nelvana studio, participating in several efforts such as Layout Artist on Rock & Rule, Story Supervisor on 64 half hours for Inspector Gadget and Director on Strawberry Shortcake and the Baby Without a Name. There, she met future husband John van Bruggen. She moved on to direct The Care Bears Movie, released in 1985 by the Samuel Goldwyn Company in the United States, and Astral Films and Criterion Pictures Corporation in Canada. The film won Canada's Golden Reel Award for highest-grossing local production in 1985, with the Canadian gross of $22,934,622.00. Quite remarkable, since children's admission at the time was about $3.50 or less. At the time of that film's release, Arna was probably only the third woman to direct an animated feature (after Lotte Reiniger of 1927's The Adventures of Prince Achmed, and Joy Batchelor of 1954's Animal Farm). Selznick was part of the layout unit on the next two Care Bears films, A New Generation (1986) and Adventure in Wonderland (1987), and was also a story artist on Wonderland.\nIn 1986, Selznick launched the dancingmonkeys studio in Toronto, partnering with director/screenwriter John van Bruggen. In 2005, she and van Bruggen created Coolman!, part of the FunPak series on Canada's YTV network. Selznick has been on story teams for several other children's films and television series, among them Nelvana's Clone High; Disney's Return to Never Land; the British animated feature The King's Beard; the Nicktoons sci-fi saga Skyland; Treehouse TV's Toot & Puddle; and many other productions. See Beetlejuice, Doug, Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Kids, Bob and Margaret among others...\nWhile the Houston Chronicle's Stephen Hunter gave a mixed response to the animation of The Care Bears Movie, he pointed out that director Selznick \"has a nice feel for the dynamics of action animation; several of the set-pieces zing along nicely.\"\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial site\nArna Selznick at IMDbArna Selznick is a Canadian animator, best known for directing Nelvana's 1985 animated film The Care Bears Movie. Arna owns and operates a studio called Dancingmonkeys with her husband/partner John van Bruggen.\n\n\n== Career ==\n2020–2021: Development Director for an independent animated short.\n2019–2020: Story Artist on the feature animated film: Paw Patrol: The Movie\n2017–2018: Director of award-winning The Most Magnificent Thing for Corus's Nelvana based on the popular children's book by Ashley Spires, narrated by Whoopi Goldberg, screenplay by John van Bruggen. A young girl receives a tool kit as a gift and decides to make something magnificent for her faithful dog companion but the creative process proves more challenging than expected.\nSelznick completed two years, 2014- 2016 as a key member of the story team of the CG animated feature film, The Nut Job 2, produced in Toronto by Toonbox Entertainment.\nSelznick began her career at Toronto's Nelvana studio, participating in several efforts such as Layout Artist on Rock & Rule, Story Supervisor on 64 half hours for Inspector Gadget and Director on Strawberry Shortcake and the Baby Without a Name. There, she met future husband John van Bruggen. She moved on to direct The Care Bears Movie, released in 1985 by the Samuel Goldwyn Company in the United States, and Astral Films and Criterion Pictures Corporation in Canada. The film won Canada's Golden Reel Award for highest-grossing local production in 1985, with the Canadian gross of $22,934,622.00. Quite remarkable, since children's admission at the time was about $3.50 or less. At the time of that film's release, Arna was probably only the third woman to direct an animated feature (after Lotte Reiniger of 1927's The Adventures of Prince Achmed, and Joy Batchelor of 1954's Animal Farm).Arna Selznick is a Canadian director and artist, known for directing Nelvana's 1985 animated film \"The Care Bears Movie\". Arna owns and operates a studio called Dancingmonkeys with her husband/partner John van Bruggen. Career ==\n2020–2021: Development Director for an independent animated short.\n2019–2020: Story Artist on the feature animated film: Paw Patrol: The Movie\n2017–2018: Director of award-winning The Most Magnificent Thing for Corus's Nelvana based on the popular children's book by Ashley Spires, narrated by Whoopi Goldberg, screenplay by John van Bruggen. A young girl receives a tool kit as a gift and decides to make something magnificent for her faithful dog companion but the creative process proves more challenging than expected.\nSelznick completed two years, 2014- 2016 as a key member of the story team of the CG animated feature film, The Nut Job 2, produced in Toronto by Toonbox Entertainment.\nSelznick began her career at Toronto's Nelvana studio, participating in several efforts such as Layout Artist on Rock & Rule, Story Supervisor on 64 half hours for Inspector Gadget and Director on Strawberry Shortcake and the Baby Without a Name. There, she met future husband John van Bruggen. She moved on to direct The Care Bears Movie, released in 1985 by the Samuel Goldwyn Company in the United States, and Astral Films and Criterion Pictures Corporation in Canada. The film won Canada's Golden Reel Award for highest-grossing local production in 1985, with the Canadian gross of $22,934,622.00. Quite remarkable, since children's admission at the time was about $3.50 or less. At the time of that film's release, Arna was probably only the third woman to direct an animated feature (after Lotte Reiniger of 1927's The Adventures of Prince Achmed, and Joy Batchelor of 1954's Animal Farm). Selznick was part of the layout unit on the next two Care Bears films, A New Generation (1986) and Adventure in Wonderland (1987), and was also a story artist on Wonderland.\nIn 1986, Selznick launched the dancingmonkeys studio in Toronto, partnering with director/screenwriter John van Bruggen. In 2005, she and van Bruggen created Coolman!, part of the FunPak series on Canada's YTV network. Selznick has been on story teams for several other children's films and television series, among",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Natalie Turner",
"paragraph_text": " assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.\n\n\n== References ==\nKeith Moreau, VAB hosting animation sessions. Brampton ON: The Brampton Guardian October 19, 2005.Natalie Turner is a Canadian animator, effects animator, and animation professor.\nTurner's career started in 1989, when she was hired by Sullivan Bluth Studios as a special effects assistant, working on animated feature films A Troll in Central Park and Rock-A-Doodle. She then moved on to Nelvana in 1991, to work as a character assistant for the television series Rupert and the Cloud Pilot.\nFrom Nelvana, Turner moved on to feature films, working as a character assistant on Titan AE, and an effect assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.\n\n\n== References ==\nKeith Moreau, VAB hosting animation sessions. Brampton ON: The Brampton Guardian October 19, 2005.Natalie Turner is a Canadian animator, effects animator, and animation professor.\nTurner's career started in 1989, when she was hired by Sullivan Bluth Studios as a special effects assistant, working on animated feature films A Troll in Central Park and Rock-A-Doodle. She then moved on to Nelvana in 1991, to work as a character assistant for the television series Rupert and the Cloud Pilot.\nFrom Nelvana, Turner moved on to feature films, working as a character assistant on Titan AE, and an effect assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and LoTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.-Doodle. She then moved on to Nelvana in 1991, to work as",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean GoldCasa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the castle's name located at the main office of the firm where Arna Selznick works? | [
{
"id": 241001,
"question": "Arna Selznick >> employer",
"answer": "Nelvana",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 568433,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle in the headquarters of the company that employs Arna Selznick? |
4hop3__531933_836463_161616_77103 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Live from Austin, TX (Eric Johnson album)",
"paragraph_text": " covers.Live from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at Austin City Limits. The performance included a number of songs from Ah Via Musicom before its releaseLive from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at \"Austin City Limits\". The performance includes a number of songs from \"Ah Via Musicom\", the album that a few years later would launch Johnson to fame as well as a pair of Jimi Hendrix covers.Live from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at Austin City Limits. The performance included a number of songs from Ah Via Musicom before its releaseLive from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at \"Austin City Limits\". The performance includes a number of songs from \"Ah Via Musicom\", the album that a few years later would launch Johnson to fame as well as a pair of Jimi Hendrix covers.Live from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at Austin City Limits. The performance included a number of songs from Ah Via Musicom before its releaseLive from Austin, TX is Eric from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November Live from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at \"Austin City Limits\". The performance includes a number of songs from \"Ah Via Musicom\", the album that a few years later would launch Johnson to fame as well as a pair of Jimi Hendrix covers. its releaseLive from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at \"Austin City Limits\". The performance includes a number of songs from \"Ah Via Musicom\", the album that a few years later would launch Johnson to fame as well as a pair of Jimi Hendrix covers.Live from Austin, TX is Eric Johnson's first live album, released in November 2005. The album showcases Johnson's seminal 1988 performance at Austin City Limits. The performance included a number of songs from Ah Via Musicom before its releaseLive",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "History of Austin, Texas",
"paragraph_text": " that any site selected as the new capital would be named Austin, after the late Stephen F. Austin; hence Waterloo upon selection as the capital was renamed Austin. The first lots in Austin went on sale August 1839.\nAustin's history has also been largely tied to state politics and in the late 19th century, the establishment of the University of Texas made Austin a regional center for higher education, as well as a hub for state government. In the 20th century, Austin's music scene had earned the city the nickname \"Live Music Capital of the World.\" With a population of over 800,000 inhabitantsThe recorded history of Austin, Texas, began in the 1830s when Anglo - American settlers arrived in Central Texas. In 1837 settlers founded the village of Waterloo on the banks of the Colorado River, the first permanent settlement in the area. By 1839, Waterloo would adopt the name Austin and become the capital of the Republic of Texas.. Edward Burleson had surveyed the planned townsite of Waterloo, near the mouth of Shoal Creek on the Colorado River, in 1838; it was incorporated January 1839. By April of that year the site selection commission had selected Waterloo to be the new capital. A bill previously passed by Congress in May, 1838, specified that any site selected as the new capital would be named Austin, after the late Stephen F. Austin; hence Waterloo upon selection as the capital was renamed Austin. The first lots in Austin went on sale August 1839.\nAustin's history has also been largely tied to state politics and in the late 19th century, the establishment of the University of Texas made Austin a regional center for higher education, as well as a hub for state government. In the 20th century, Austin's music scene had earned the city the nickname \"Live Music Capital of the World.\" With a population of over 800,000 inhabitants in 2010, Austin is experiencing a population boom. During the 2000s (decade) Austin was the third fastest-growing large city",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Suga Mama",
"paragraph_text": " to British music channels in April 2007. It was shot in black-and-white and was co-directed by Melina Matsoukas alongside Knowles for the B'Day Anthology Video Album, which was released the same month; \"Suga Mama\" was one of eight videos shot in two weeks for the video album. It begins with Knowles sitting in a chair, wearing men's clothing and smoking a cigar. She gets up and begins to pole dance. The remainder of the video presents Knowles dancing on top of a sugar cube, dancing with backing dancers whose faces are partially concealed, lying in a circle of light, and riding a mechanical bull. Knowles said she is meant to \"slowly become a woman\" during the video, adding \"Well, a sexier woman – I'm always a woman.\"Knowles rehearsed the pole dancing using two ballet bars, which was when it was decided to add a pole above her head to form an arc. Though she is from Texas, she had never previously been on mechanical bull. There were no problems during warm-ups, but the man operating the bull during the videoThe accompanying music video for \"Suga Mama\" was released to British music channels in April 2007. It was shot in black-and-white and was co-directed by Melina Matsoukas alongside Knowles for the B'Day Anthology Video Album, which was released the same month; \"Suga Mama\" was one of eight videos shot in two weeks for the video album. It begins with Knowles sitting in a chair, wearing men's clothing and smoking a cigar. She gets up and begins to pole dance. The remainder of the video presents Knowles dancing on top of a sugar cube, dancing with backing dancers whose faces are partially concealed, lying in a circle of light, and riding a mechanical bull. Knowles said she is meant to \"slowly become a woman\" during the video, adding \"Well, a sexier woman – I'm always a woman.\"Knowles rehearsed the pole dancing using two ballet bars, which was when it was decided to add a pole above her head to form an arc. Though she is from Texas, she had never previously been on mechanical bull. There were no problems during warm-ups, but the man operating the bull during the video shoot programmed it to go faster, causing Knowles to fall off when she tried to perform tricks such as lifting up her foot, leaning back and turning around. To minimize the time Knowles spent on the bull, the director shot the sequence at twelve frames per second (see frame rate) and Knowles sang twice as quickly, but it wasn't until 4:00 am that they completed work.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Souvenir (Eric Johnson album)",
"paragraph_text": "Souvenir is an album by Eric Johnson released in 2002. It is a collection of previously unreleased material spanning 25 years. The album was unique in that it was only available for purchase through Eric Johnson's website. The album was released between \"Seven Worlds\" in 1998 and \"Bloom\" in 2005.Souvenir is an album by Eric Johnson released in 2002. It is a collection of previously unreleased material spanning 25 years. The album was unique in that it was only available for purchase through Eric Johnson's website. The album was released between \"Seven Worlds\" in 1998 and \"Bloom\" in 2005.Souvenir is an album by Eric Johnson released in 2003. It is a collection of previously unreleased material spanning 25 years. The album was unique in that it was only available for purchase through Eric Johnson's website. The album was released between Seven Worlds in 1998 and Bloom in 2005.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written by Eric Johnson except where noted.\n\n\"Get to Go\" – 4:47\n\"Space of Clouds\" – 2:49\n\"Paperback Writer\" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 4:06\n\"Forever Yours\" – 4:12\n\"Hard Times\" – 3:00\n\"Climbing from Inside\" – 3:31\n\"I'm Finding You\" – 4:25\n\"Paladin\" – 3:08\n\"Fanfare One\" – 1:58\n\"Virginia\" – 4:12\n\"A Memory I Have\" – 2:47\n\"Dusty\" – 1:23\n\n\n== References ==Souvenir is an album by Eric Johnson released in 2003. It is a collection of previously unreleased material spanning 25 years. The album was unique in that it was only available for purchase through Eric Johnson's website. The album was released between Seven Worlds in 1998 and Bloom in 2005.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written by Eric Johnson except where noted.\n\n\"Get to Go\" – 4:47\n\"Space of Clouds\" – 2:49\n\"Paperback Writer\" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 4:06\n\"Forever Yours\" – 4:12\n\"Hard Times\" – 3:00\n\"Climbing from Inside\" – 3:31\n\"I'm Finding You\" – 4:25\n\"Paladin\" – 3:08\n\"Fanfare One\" – 1:58\n\"Virginia\" – 4:12\n\"A Memory I Have\" – 2:47\n\"Dusty\" – 1:23\n\n\n== References ==Souvenir is an album by Eric Johnson released in 2003. It is a collection of previously unreleased material spanning 25 years. The album was unique in that it was only available for purchase through Eric Johnson's website. The album was released between Seven Worlds in 1998 and Bloom in 2005.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written by Eric Johnson except where noted.\n\n\"Get to Go\" – 4:47\n\"Space of Clouds\" – 2:49\n\"Paperback Writer\" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 4:06\n\"Forever Yours\" – 4:12\n\"Hard Times\" – 3:00\n\"Climbing from Inside\" – 3:31\n\"I'm Finding You\" – 4:25\n\"Paladin\" – 3:08\n\"Fanfare One\" – 1:58\n\"Virginia\" – 4:12\n\"A Memory I Have\" – 2:47\n\"Dusty\" – 1:23\n\n\n== References ==Souvenir is an album by Eric Johnson released in 2003. It is a collection of previously unreleased material spanning 25 years. The album was unique in that it was only available for purchase through Eric Johnson's website. The album was released between Seven Worlds in 1998 and Bloom in 2005.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written by Eric Johnson except where noted.\n\n\"Get to Go\" – 4:47\n\"Space of Clouds\" – 2:",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What year did the birthplace of Souvenir's artist turn into the state capital of where Knowles originated? | [
{
"id": 531933,
"question": "Souvenir >> performer",
"answer": "Eric Johnson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 836463,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Austin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 161616,
"question": "what state was Knowles from?",
"answer": "Texas,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 77103,
"question": "when did #2 become the capital of #3",
"answer": "1839",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1839 | [] | true | When did the city where Souvenir's performer was born become the capitol of the state Knowles was from? |
2hop__821368_14251 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").iers’ of air defence systems which, when combined, an airborne threat must penetrate in order to reach its targetThe term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").Anti-aircraft warfare is the counter to aerial warfare and it includes \"all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action\" (NATO's definition). It includes surface based, subsurface (submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.\nMost modern anti-aircraft (AA) weapons systems are optimized for short-, medium-, or long-range air defence, although some systems may incorporate multiple weapons (such as both autocannons and surface-to-air missiles). ‘Layered air defence’ usually refers to multiple ‘tiers’ of air defence systems which, when combined, an airborne threat must penetrate in order to reach its target; This defence is usually accomplished via the combined use of systems optimized for either short-, medium-, or long-range air defence.\nIn some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union, and modern NATO and the United States, ground-based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence (including military facilities), forces in the field, wherever they are, provide their own defences against airborne threats.\nUntil the 1950s, guns firing ballistic munitions ranging from 7.62 mm (.30 in) to 152.4 mm (6 in) were the standard weapons; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges (as with close-in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Doing His Bit",
"paragraph_text": ", 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated UniversityDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume and Howard Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.DoDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume and Howard Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring Robey, one of the leading music hall stars of the era.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nGeorge Robey - The Man\nMarjorie Hume - The Girl\nHoward Boddey\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nSt. Pierre, Paul Matthew. Music Hall Mimesis in British Film, 1895-1960. Associated University Press, 2009.\n\n\n== External links ==\nDoing His Bit at IMDbDoing His Bit is a 1917 British silent comedy film directed by Edwin J. Collins and starring George Robey and Marjorie Hume andHoward Boddey. It was one of a number of films featuring",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which quote from a Doing His Bit actor is thought to have instigated the nickname archie? | [
{
"id": 821368,
"question": "Doing His Bit >> cast member",
"answer": "George Robey",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 14251,
"question": "What #1 line is believed to have started the archie nickname?",
"answer": "\"Archibald, certainly not!\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | "Archibald, certainly not!" | [] | true | What line by a cast member of Doing His Bit is believed to have started the archie nickname? |
3hop1__71549_486583_84283 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nicolette (album)",
"paragraph_text": " Love\". As a single, it hit #1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, #8 on the Billboard Hot 100, #8 on the Cash Box Top 100, and #8 in Record World magazine. The follow-up single, \"Rhumba Girl,\" fell short of the US Top 40, but reached #15 in Canada and #4 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart.\nEddie Van Halen appears uncredited on guitar on \"Can't Get Away From You\".\nThe album was re-released on CD in 2005 on the Wounded Bird label.\n\n\n== Album cover photo ==\nThe cover photo of the album was taken in the Garden Court restaurant at The Palace Hotel, San Francisco.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nNicolette Larson – vocals, backing vocals, guitar, percussion\nPaul Barrère – guitar\nJames Burton – guitar, dobro\nValerie Carter – backing vocals\nVictor Feldman – vibes, percussion\nMichael McDonald – backing vocals\nBill Payne – keyboards\nHerb Pedersen – guitar, backing vocals\nLinda Ronstadt – backing vocals\nBob Glaub – bass guitar\nMark T. Jordan – keyboards\nDavid Kalish – guitar\nBobby LaKind – percussion, conga, triangle\nAlbert Lee – guitar, mandolin\nFred Tackett – guitar\nTed Templeman – percussion, backing vocals\nKlaus Voormann – bass guitar\nSid Sharp – synthesizer, concertmaster\nJimmie Haskell – strings, accordion, conductor, string arrangements, woodwind arrangement\nChuck Findley – horn\nJim Horn – horn\nPlas Johnson – flute\nAndrew Love – saxophone\nSteve Madaio – horn\nRick Shlosser – drumsNicolette by Nicolette Larson was released by Warner Bros. Records in 1978. It reached #15 on the US pop charts and #1 in Canada and was certified Gold in both markets.NNicolette by Nicolette Larson was released by Warner Bros. Records in 1978. It reached #15 on the US pop charts and #1 in Canada and was certified Gold in both markets. in both markets.\nLarson came to public attention singing backup for Neil Young on American Stars 'n Bars and Comes a Time. Her first charting single was Young's smoky composition \"Lotta Love\". As a single, it hit #1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, #8 on the Billboard Hot 100,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Four Strong Winds",
"paragraph_text": " song for his 1978 album Comes a Time, with harmony vocals from Nicolette Larson, and on The Band's The Last Waltz. It has received significant airplay over album oriented rock and classic rock radio stations and has become part of Young's concert repertoire, including featured performances during Young's yearly appearances at Farm Aid benefit concerts.INeil Young recorded the song for his 1978 album Comes a Time, with harmony vocals from Nicolette Larson, and on The Band's The Last Waltz. It has received significant airplay over album oriented rock and classic rock radio stations and has become part of Young's concert repertoire, including featured performances during Young's yearly appearances at Farm Aid benefit concerts., British Columbia in 1933. In his teens, he decided upon a career as a rodeo rider. Recovering from injuries sustained from a fall during the mid-1950s, he started learning guitar. In the late 1950s, he relocated to Toronto, aspiring to a",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company.Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 millionWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.comWarner Records Inc. (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records Inc. until 2019) is an American record label. A subsidiary of the Warner Music Group, it is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. It was founded on March 19, 1958, as the recorded music division of the American film studio Warner Bros.\nArtists who have recorded for Warner Records include Madonna, Prince, Linkin Park, Zach Bryan, Van Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters,",
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}
] | Who is the proprietor of the record label that represents Neil Young's collaborator on Four Strong Winds? | [
{
"id": 71549,
"question": "who sang four strong winds with neil young",
"answer": "Nicolette Larson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 486583,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who owns the record label where Neil Young's co-singer on Four Strong Winds records? |
4hop1__814776_378185_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an \"Independent Democrat\" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements. \nHe was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D. J. Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P. P. Wing, a Republican. Even though he was re-elected running against a Democrat, he is listed in the 1880 Wisconsin Blue Book as a \"Greenback Democrat\": there were 71 Republicans, 27 Democrats, Petersen (listed separately as \"GreenJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).John C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-electedJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices .\n\n\n== Public office ==\nPetersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an \"Independent Democrat\" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements. \nHe was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D. J. Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P. P. Wing, a Republican. Even though he was re",
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": " rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBoys' Basketball: 2013\nWrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)\nFootball: 1980 (runner-up)\nSoftball: 1996 (runner-up)\nCross Country: 2004 (runner-up)\nRugby: 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2018\nPulaski has also had a number of individual state champions.\nIn 2016, Pulaski citizens privately funded a $4.9 million athletic expansion project, including a new football stadium, track, baseball and softball fields, as well as expanding the tennis facilities.\n\n\n=== Incident involving Mike McCarthy ===\nOn February 27, 2019, the school became the center of attention during a basketball game againstPulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBoys' Basketball: 2013\nWrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)\nFootball: 1980 (runner-up)\nSoftball: 199",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Western Islands (publisher)",
"paragraph_text": " organs by which the John Birch Society distributed its published materials across the continent.\nNotable books published by Western Islands include Nicaragua Betrayed by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox and a 1965 edition of I Saw Poland Betrayed by Arthur Bliss Lane.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJohn Birch Society\nJohn H. Rees\nThe New American\nOne Dozen Candles\nWestern Goals Foundation\n\n\n== External links ==\nJohn Birch Society website\nWestern Islands at HathiTrust\nWestern Islands at Internet Archive\nWestern Islands at Open Library\n\n\n== References ==Western Islands is the publishing arm of the John Birch Society (JBS). Originally in Belmont, Massachusetts, Western Islands is now located in Appleton, Wisconsin, where the JBS has its current headquarters. Alongside the American Opinion Bookstores and Speakers' Bureau, Western Islands was one of the primary organs by which the John Birch Society distributed its published materials across the continent.\nNotable books published by Western Islands include Nicaragua Betrayed by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox and a 1965 edition of I Saw Poland BetWestern Islands is the publishing arm of the John Birch Society; it is located in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA, where the society has its headquarters.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which city, that shares a boundary with another county possessing the city where Western Islands has its main office, is the county's capital located? | [
{
"id": 814776,
"question": "Western Islands >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 378185,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What city is the capital of the county, that shares a border with the other county, that contains the city where Western Islands is headquartered? |
2hop__394720_120259 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Mercia",
"paragraph_text": "Marcia M. Anderson, first African-American woman to attain major general in the United States Army Reserve\nMarcia Andrade Braga, Brazilian military officer and peacekeeper\nMarcia Angell, American physician and author\nMarcia Ball, American blues singer and pianist\nMarcia Sherlon Barnwell, Vincentian politician\nMarcia Barrett, Jamaican-British singer\nMarcia Brown, American writer and illustrator\nMarcia Ciol, Brazilian-American statistician\nMarcia Clark, American prosecutor, author, television correspondent and television producer\nMarcia Cross, AmericanWhen ��thelflæd died in 918, ��lfwynn, her daughter by ��thelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians', but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex.Marcia () is a female given name of Italian origin, derived from Latin meaning \"dedicated to Mars\". It is a female form of Marcius. Marcy/Marcie is a short form.\nNotable people and characters with this name include:\n\n\n== People ==\nQueen Marcia, legendary monarch of Britain\nMarcia (mistress of Commodus)\nMarcia (mother of Trajan)\nMarcia (wife of Cato)\nMarcia (vestal), Roman Vestal\nMarcia Anastasia Christoforides\nMarcia Francis Liles Carroll Cleckler.\nMarcia M. Anderson, first African-American woman to attain major general in the United States Army Reserve\nMarcia Andrade Braga, Brazilian military officer and peacekeeper\nMarcia Angell, American physician and author\nMarcia Ball, American blues singer and pianist\nMarcia Sherlon Barnwell, Vincentian politician\nMarcia Barrett, Jamaican-British singer\nMarcia Brown, American writer and illustrator\nMarcia Ciol, Brazilian-American statistician\nMarcia Clark, American prosecutor, author, television correspondent and television producer\nMarcia Cross, American actress\nMarcia Davenport, American writer andWhen Æthelflæd died in 918, Ælfwynn, her daughter by Æthelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians', but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex. legendary monarch of Britain\nMarcia (mistress of Commodus)\nMarcia (mother of Trajan)\nMarcia (wife of Cato)\nMarcia (vestal), Roman Vestal\nMarcia Anastasia Christoforides\nMarcia Francis Liles Carroll Cleckler.\nMarcia M. Anderson, first African-American woman to attain major general in the United States Army Reserve\nMarcia Andrade Braga, Brazilian military officer and peacekeeper\nMarcia Angell, American physician and author\nMarcia Ball, American blues singer and pianist\nMarcia Sherlon Barnwell, Vincentian politician\nMarcia Barrett, Jamaican-British singer\nMarcia Brown, American writer and illustrator\nMarcia Ciol, Brazilian-American statistician\nMarcia Clark, American prosecutor, author, television correspondent and television producer\nMarcia Cross, AmericanWhen ��thelflæd died in 918, ��lfwynn, her daughter by ��thelred, succeeded as 'Second Lady of the Mercians', but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her into Wessex.Marcia () is a female given name of Italian origin, derived from Latin meaning \"dedicated to Mars\". It is a female form of Marcius. Marcy/Marcie is a short form.\nNotable people and characters with this name include:\n\n\n== People ==\nQueen Marcia, legendary monarch of Britain\nMarcia (mistress of Commodus)\nMarcia (mother of Trajan)\nMarcia (wife of Cato)\nMarcia (vestal), Roman Vestal\nMarcia Anastasia Christoforides\nMarcia Francis Liles Carroll Cleckler.\nMarcia M. Anderson, first African-American woman to attain major general in the United States Army Reserve\nMarcia Andrade Braga",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mercian Supremacy",
"paragraph_text": " Brooks noted that \"the Mercians stand out as by far the most successful of the various early Anglo-Saxon peoples until the later ninth century\" and with the exception of three years under Northumbrian domination, this is true between the years 633 and 825.\nRecorded by Bede as the nemesis of early Anglo-Saxon Northumbria, Penda of Mercia achieved an early expansion of his kingdom's territory, but his reign ended with his death in battle, which was followed by a brief three-year period when Northumbria ruled over the Mercians. The rebellion against Northumbria by Penda's son Wulfhere in 658 immediately preceded the restoration of Penda's kingdom and a period of expansion in which Mercia's influence reached as far south as the Isle of Wight. During this period of expansion, Mercia lost its province of the Kingdom of Lindsey to Northumbria in 661, but its recapture by ��thelred of Mercia following the Battle of the Trent in 679 secured Mercia's position as the dominant Anglo-Saxon power for over a century.\nMercia's hold over the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Essex, Sussex and Kent seems to have been tenuous until 716, when ��thelbald of Mercia restored Mercia's hegemony for over forty years. Offa's accession in 757 heralded the beginning ofThe Mercian Supremacy was the period of Anglo-Saxon history between 600 and 900, when the kingdom of Mercia dominated the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Sir Frank Stenton apparently coined the phrase, arguing that Offa of Mercia who ruled 757–796 achieved the unification of England south of the Humber estuary. Scholastic opinion on the relationship between the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia at this time remains divided.TheThe Mercian Supremacy was the period of Anglo-Saxon history between 600 and 900, when the kingdom of Mercia dominated the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Sir Frank Stenton apparently coined the phrase, arguing that Offa of Mercia who ruled 757–796 achieved the unification of England south of the Humber estuary. Scholastic opinion on the relationship between the kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia at this time remains divided. and Mercia at this time remains divided.\nWhile the precise period during which the Mercian Supremacy existed remains uncertain – depending upon whether one includes the reigns of Penda (c. 626–655) and Wulfhere (658–675) – the end of the era is generally agreed to be around 825, following the defeat of King Beornwulf at the Battle of Ellandun (near present-day Swindon).\nNicholas Brooks noted that \"the Mercians stand out as by far the most successful of the various early Anglo-Saxon peoples until the later ninth century\" and with the exception of three years under Northumbrian domination, this is true between the years 633 and 825.\nRecorded by Bede as the nemesis of early Anglo-Saxon Northumbria, Penda of Mercia achieved an early expansion of his kingdom's territory, but his reign ended with his death in battle, which was followed by a brief three-year period when Northumbria ruled over the Mercians. The rebellion against Northumbria by Penda's son Wulfhere in 658 immediately preceded the restoration of Penda's kingdom and a period of expansion in which Mercia's influence reached as far south as the Isle of Wight. During this period of expansion, Mercia lost its province of the Kingdom of Lindsey to Northumbria in 661, but its recapture by ��thelred of Mercia following the Battle of the Trent in 679 secured Mercia's position as the dominant Anglo-Saxon power for over a century.\nMercia's hold over the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Essex, Sussex and Kent seems to have been tenuous until 716, when ��thelbald of Mercia restored Mercia's hegemony for over forty years. Offa's accession in 757 heralded the beginning ofThe Mercian Supremacy was the period of Anglo-Saxon history between 600 and 900, when the kingdom of Mercia dominated the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Sir Frank Stenton",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the date on which the kingdom, which was a constituent of the Heptarchy, was dissolved? | [
{
"id": 394720,
"question": "Heptarchy >> has part",
"answer": "Mercia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 120259,
"question": "When was #1 abolished?",
"answer": "918",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 918 | [] | true | When was the kingdom that Heptarchy was part of abolished? |
4hop2__161602_426860_88460_126088 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the tripoint with India at the peak of Teen Matha for a total of 168 miles (270 km).\nThe India-Myanmar border heads north through the Chin Hills towards the Tiau River. It follows this river upstream and then through various rivers near Manipur before going northeast through the Patkai range to the Chaukan Pass and the Mishmi Hills for a total of 912 miles (1,468 km).\nThe tripoint with China and India is disputed due to the Sino-Indian border dispute but lies de facto north of the Diphu Pass. The China-Myanmar border heads northeast to Hkakabo Razi just one mile west of its summit. It then turns southeast following the Hengduan and Gaoligong Mountains through many irregular lines towards the Taping River and Shweli River. It then heads south-eastwards across the far Shan Hills, following hills and rivers, until it reaches the Mekong river. It follows the Mekong until the tripoint with Laos for a grand total of 1,333 miles (2,145 km).\nThe Laos-MyMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.MMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top threeOf the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "That Dam",
"paragraph_text": "ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the SiamesThat Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "addy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, andThe impact of the post-election reforms has been observed in numerous areas, including ASEAN's approval of Myanmar's bid for the position of ASEAN chair in 2014; the visit by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in December 2011 for the encouragement of further progress, which was the first visit by a Secretary of State in more than fifty years, during which Clinton met with the Burmese president and former military commander Thein Sein, as well as opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi; and the participation of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD) party in the 2012 by-elections, facilitated by the government's abolition of the laws that previously barred the NLD. As of July 2013, about 100 political prisoners remain imprisoned, while conflict between the Burmese Army and local insurgent groups continues.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who held the leadership role in the nation that geographically lies between the country where the tournament took place and the country home to That Dam? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 426860,
"question": "That Dam >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 126088,
"question": "Who was in charge of #3 ?",
"answer": "Thein Sein",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Thein Sein | [] | true | Who was in charge in the country that is the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where That Dam is located? |
2hop__203437_152093 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": " recommendation of Trevor McNevan, the lead singer of fellow Tooth & Nail bands Thousand Foot Krutch and FM Static. McNevan, also from Peterborough, Ontario, is credited with discovering the band. In July 2004, Hawk Nelson released their debut album Letters to the President. It was produced by Aaron Sprinkle and McNevan, who also co-wrote the album's fourteen songs. He has also appeared on some of the band's songs, as well as in their video for the song \"California\".\nPopular with Christian rock fans, the band has achieved some success in the mainstream as well. They portrayed The Who on an episode of the NBC drama American Dreams, and they recorded a song named \"Bring 'Em Out\" as the theme for the 2005 motion picture Yours, Mine and Ours featuring Drake Bell. This song and another hit song \"The Show\" were both used on Sunday Night Football commercials. \"Things We Go Through\" from Letters to the President was also featured in Yours, Mine and Ours. In October 2005, the band re-released Letters to the President, withDunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts. 2000, SWISH released their first independent album, Riding Around the Park on Mime Radio, an independent record label based in Peterborough. In January 2002, Biro moved to Peterborough to join Dunn, Clark and Paige and SWISH was renamed \"Reason Being\", before finally settling with the name \"Hawk Nelson\". In 2003, they released their second independent album, Saturday Rock Action.\n\n\n=== Letters to the President (2004–2005) ===\nThey continued to perform and tour independently in Ontario, Canada, before being signed with Tooth & Nail Records, largely on the recommendation of Trevor McNevan, the lead singer of fellow Tooth & Nail bands Thousand Foot Krutch and FM Static. McNevan, also from Peterborough, Ontario, is credited with discovering the band. In July 2004, Hawk Nelson released their debut album Letters to the President. It was produced by Aaron Sprinkle and McNevan, who also co-wrote the album's fourteen songs. He has also appeared on some of the band's songs, as well as in their video for the song \"California\".\nPopular with Christian rock fans, the band has achieved some success in the mainstream as well. They portrayed The Who on an episode of the NBC drama American Dreams, and they recorded a song named \"Bring 'Em Out\" as the theme for the 2005 motion picture Yours, Mine and Ours featuring Drake Bell. This song and another hit song \"The Show\" were both used on Sunday Night Football commercials. \"Things We Go Through\" from Letters to the President was also featured in Yours, Mine and Ours. In October 2005, the band re-released Letters to the President, with new material including their cover of The Who's \"My Generation\", three acoustic versions of some of their hits, and a limited edition cover. Hawk Nelson plays the party band for the film Yours, Mine and Ours (2005). On December 20, 2005, Hawk Nelson released an EP titled Bring 'Em Out.\n\n\n=== Smile, It's the End of the World (2006–2007) ===\nHawk Nelson continued to gain popularity and was voted \"Favorite New Artist\" by CCM Magazine in their February 2006 Reader's Choice Awards.\nOn April 4, 2006, Hawk Nelson released Connect Sets EP with six acoustic tracks, including \"Bring Em' Out\", \"Thing We Go Through\", and \"California\".\nThe band released their second studio album, Smile, It's the End of the World, on April 4, 2006. The album was also co-written by Trevor McNevan",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Live Life Loud",
"paragraph_text": " every moment of it to the fullest extent. This is the message we want our fans to come away with after they hear the album.\"\nThe album is the first time that the band wrote songs together by just jamming as a band, although the band collaborated with Chris Stevens, Matthew Gerrard, TobyMac, Trevor McNevan, and Bart Millard on the record.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nJason Dunn - lead vocals\nDaniel Biro - bass guitar, backing vocals\nJonathan Steingard - guitar, backing vocals\nJustin Benner - drums\n\n\n== Awards ==\nIn 2010, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Recorded Music Packaging of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards. The title song was also nominated for Short Form Music Video of the Year.\n\n\n== References ==Live Life Loud (stylized as LIVE*LIFE*LOUD!) is the fourth studio album from Christian rock band Hawk Nelson. It was released on September 22, 2009. According to Daniel Biro, the dog on the cover is lead vocalist Jason Dunn's dog Murphy. The album was packaged with a pair of 3D glasses that are needed to be worn to view the album's CD booklet which is printed in 3D.\nThe album peaked at No. 54 the first week on Billboard 200 and at No. 3 on The Billboard Christian Albums charts.\n\n\n== Concept and musical style ==\nBassist Daniel Biro describes the album as \"really about encouraging our fans to do just that. To live your life loud, to embrace all that life brings your way and experience every moment of it to the fullest extent. This is the message we want our fans to come away with after they hear the album.\"\nThe album is the first time that the band wrote songs together by just jamming as a band, although the band collaborated with Chris Stevens, Matthew Gerrard, TobyMac, Trevor McNevan, and Bart Millard on the record.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nJason Dunn - lead vocals\nDaniel Biro - bass guitar, backing vocals\nJonathan Steingard - guitar, backing vocals\nJustin Benner - drums\n\n\n== Awards ==\nIn 2010, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Recorded Music Packaging of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards. The title song was also nominated for Short Form Music Video of the Year.\n\n\n== References ==Live Life Loud (stylized as LIVE*LIFE*LOUD!) is the fourth studio album from Christian rock band Hawk Nelson. It was released on September 22, 2009. According to Daniel Biro, the dog on the cover isLive Life Loud is the fourth studio album from Christian rock band Hawk Nelson. It was released on September 22, 2009. According to Daniel Biro, the dog on the cover is lead vocalist Jason Dunn's dog Murphy. The album was packaged with a pair of 3D glasses that are needed to be worn to view the album's CD booklet which is printed in 3D. CD booklet which is printed in 3D.\nThe album peaked at No. 54 the first week on Billboard 200 and at No. 3 on The",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which recording company managed the artist who performed Live Life Loud? | [
{
"id": 203437,
"question": "Live Life Loud >> performer",
"answer": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 152093,
"question": "What label was responsible for #1 ?",
"answer": "Fair Trade Services",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Fair Trade Services | [] | true | What label was responsible for the performer of Live Life Loud? |
2hop__776637_87295 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)",
"paragraph_text": " September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied industry expectations as pundits had expected the film to underperform due to its G rating and subject matter. The film's success is credited with establishing Hathaway as a bankable actress and reviving Andrews's film career. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, was released in 2004, and a third installment has been in development since 2022.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nMia Thermopolis is a studentThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman.The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American coming-of-age comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Garry Marshall, and written by Gina Wendkos. Based on Meg Cabot's 2000 young adult novel of the same name, it stars Anne Hathaway and Julie Andrews, with a supporting cast consisting of Héctor Elizondo, Heather Matarazzo, Mandy Moore, Caroline Goodall, and Robert Schwartzman. The plot follows Mia Thermopolis (Hathaway), an American teenager who discovers she is heir to throne of a European kingdom. Under the tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.\nFeeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's agent pursued producer Debra Martin Chase about adapting The Princess Diaries into a feature-length film, an idea she pitched to Disney upon reading the book. After obtaining the film rights, Disney originally greenlit the project under the title The Princess of Tribeca, reverting it once its setting was changed from New York to San Francisco, where the majority of the film was shot between September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre inThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman. tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.\nFeeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Julie (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": ",Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, then Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series.JJulie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, then Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series. Synopsis ==\nAndrews starred as Julie Carlisle, a television personality who marries a veterinarian, Sam McGuire (James Farentino). Julie, along with her new husband and stepchildren, relocates to Sioux City,Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, then Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series.Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAndrews starred as Julie Carlisle, a television personality who marries a veterinarian, Sam McGuire (James Farentino). Julie, along with her new husband and stepchildren, relocates to Sioux City, Iowa. The series chronicled her new life in coping with a career and family; it was largely panned by critics and was subsequently canceled after six episodes had aired (seven had been produced) due to low ratings.\nThe series was broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 during Christmas 1993, but has yet to be repeated either in the UK or the US.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJulie Andrews as Julie Carlisle McGuire\nJames Farentino as Sam McGuire, Julie's husband\nEugene Roche as Wooley Woolstein\nHayley Tyrie as Alexandra \"Alex\" McGuire, Sam's daughter\nRider Strong as Adam McGuire, Sam's son\nAlicia Brandt as Joy Foy\nLaurel Cronin as Bernice \"Bernie\" Farrell\nKevin Scannell as Dickie Duncan\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJulie at IMDb\nJulie! (all Episodes)Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAndrews starred as Julie Carlisle, a television personality who marries a veterinarian, Sam McGuire (James Farentino). Julie, along with her new husband and stepchildren, relocates to Sioux City, Iowa. The series chronicled her new life in coping with a career and family; it was largely panned by critics and was subsequently canceled after six episodes had aired (seven had been produced) due to low ratings.\nThe series was broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 during Christmas 1993, but has yet to be repeated either in the UK or the US.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJulie Andrews as Julie Carlisle McGuire\nJames Farentino as Sam McGuire, Julie's husband\nEugene Roche as Wooley Woolstein\nHayley Tyrie as Alexandra \"Alex\" McGuire, Sam's daughter\nRider Strong as Adam McGuire, Sam's son\nAlicia Brandt as Joy Foy\nLaurel Cronin as Bernice \"Bernie\" Farrell\nKevin Scannell as Dickie Duncan\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJulie at IMDb\nJulie! (all Episodes)Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAndrews starred as Julie Carlisle, a television personality who marries a veterinarian, Sam McGuire (James Farentino). Julie, along with her new husband and stepchildren, relocates to Sioux City, Iowa. The series chronicled her new life in coping with a career and family; it was largely panned by critics and was subsequently canceled after six episodes had aired (seven had been produced) due to low ratings.\nThe series was broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 during Christmas 1993, but has yet to be repeated either in the UK or the US.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJulie Andrews as Julie Carlisle McGuire\nJames Farentino as Sam McGuire, Julie's husband\nEugene Roche as Wooley Woolstein\nHayley Tyrie as Alexandra \"Alex\" McGuire, Sam's daughter\nRider Strong as Adam McGuire, Sam's son\nAlicia Brandt as Joy Foy\nLaurel Cronin as Bernice \"Bernie\" Farrell\nKevin Scannell as Dickie Duncan\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJulie at IMDb\nJulie! (all Episodes)Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired on ABC from May 30 to July 4, 1992. Blake Edwards, Andrews' husband, was the director and executive producer of the series.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAndrews starred as Julie Carlisle, a television personality who marries a veterinarian, Sam McGuire (James Farentino). Julie, along with her new husband and stepchildren, relocates to Sioux City, Iowa. The series chronicled her new life in coping with a career and family; it was largely panned by critics and was subsequently canceled after six episodes had aired (seven had been produced) due to low ratings.\nThe series was broadcast in the UK on Channel 4 during Christmas 1993, but has yet to be repeated either in the UK or the US.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJulie Andrews as Julie Carlisle McGuire\nJames Farentino as Sam McGuire, Julie's husband\nEugene Roche as Wooley Woolstein\nHayley Tyrie as Alexandra \"Alex\" McGuire, Sam's daughter\nRider Strong as Adam McGuire, Sam's son\nAlicia Brandt as Joy Foy\nLaurel Cronin as Bernice \"Bernie\" Farrell\nKevin Scannell as Dickie Duncan\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJulie at IMDb\nJulie! (all Episodes)Julie is an American sitcom starring Julie Andrews which aired",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What character does the actor from Julie portray in The Princess Diaries? | [
{
"id": 776637,
"question": "Julie >> cast member",
"answer": "Julie Andrews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 87295,
"question": "who does #1 play in princess diaries",
"answer": "Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi | [] | true | Who does the cast member from Julie play in Princess Diaries? |
2hop__832795_350510 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jackie Jackson (album)",
"paragraph_text": " St Catherine Hospital in East Chicago, Indiana, on his mother Katherine's 21st birthday in 1951. He was given the nickname Jackie by his grandfather, Samuel Jackson. He and his siblings (Michael, Marlon, Tito, Jermaine, Randy, Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet) were brought up in a two-bedroom house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial steel city south of Chicago. His father, Joseph \"Joe\" Jackson, worked at a steel mill, and at night he played in an R&B band called the Falcons with his brother, Luther. Their mother, Katherine, a Jehovah's Witness, played the clarinet and piano. His father formed the Jackson Brothers singing group, which included Jackie and his brothers Tito and Jermaine. Younger brothers Marlon and Michael played assorted percussive instruments.\nBy 1964, Joe made Michael the lead singer forming the Jackson 5, after Katherine discovered that Michael could sing. The brothers rehearsed every day after school under Joe's lead, keeping themselves busy and out of trouble. Joe saw that their talent could get them out of Gary. Jackie gives his mother credit saying \"there wouldn't have been The Jackson 5 without her\". Katherine used to sing harmonies with the brothers. Within two years, the group emerged professionally, signing with Motown in 1968. Before the group signed with Motown, Jackie wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== The Jackson 5 ===\n\nJackie performed with a high tenor singing voice. He had the highest and lightest natural speaking and singing voice of all the brothers. He added brief lead parts in some of the Jackson 5's hit singles, including \"I Want You Back\" and \"ABC\". When the Jackson 5 became the Jacksons after leaving Motown for CBS Records in 1976, Jackson's role as a vocalist and songwriter increased. He added a lead vocal alongside Michael on their Top 10 Epic single \"Enjoy Yourself\", and also added composition on six of the group's albums with Epic. Jackson's voice changed to a lower tenor vocal style during the Epic years. One of his most successful compositions, \"Can You Feel It\", co-written with Michael, became an international hit in 1981. Jackson began performing more lead vocals as Michael pursued a solo career. On their 1984 album Victory, Jackie performed lead on the song \"Wait\" and wrote the single \"Torture\". Before the start of the Victory Tour in 1984, he suffered a knee injury during rehearsals. Jackie recovered well enough to perform on the last leg of shows in December 1984 in Los Angeles, where Michael announced he was leaving the group. In early 1985, Marlon left the group as well. Jackie, Tito and Randy became session musicians, vocalists and producers during this time.\nIn 1987, Jackie, Randy, Tito and Jermaine reunited and recorded \"Time Out for the Burglar\", the theme song for the film Burglar. The single was a minor R&B hit in the US, but had more success in Belgium where it peaked in the Top 40 at #17 for two consecutive weeks. The Jacksons also contributed backing vocals to the Tito-produced title track of Tramaine Hawkins's 1987 album Freedom. In late 1988, the Jacksons set out to record their final album, 2300 Jackson Street, on which Jackie and Jermaine split leads on the songs. 2300 Jackson Street failed to chart, despite the Randy and Jermaine-led hit \"Nothin' (That Compares 2 U)\". Randy did not participate in much of the album's promotion as he was working on his solo project, leaving JackieJackie Jackson is the self-titled debut album from Jackie Jackson, the eldest member of The Jackson 5, released on Motown Records. It was arranged by Eddy Manson, Gene Page and The Corporation.SJackie Jackson is the self-titled debut album from Jackie Jackson, the eldest member of The Jackson 5, released on Motown Records. It was arranged by Eddy Manson, Gene Page and The Corporation.ducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997. Jackson is the second child of the Jackson family, and the oldest Jackson brother.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nSigmund Esco Jackson was born at St Catherine Hospital in East Chicago, Indiana, on his mother Katherine's 21st birthday in 1951. He was given the nickname Jackie by his grandfather, Samuel Jackson. He and his siblings (Michael, Marlon, Tito,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Be the One (album)",
"paragraph_text": " the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio albumBe the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the OneBe the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio albumBe the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians included Paul Jackson, Jr., Jeff Lorber, Robert Brookins and Gerald Albright.Be the One is the second studio album by Jackie Jackson, released on September 9, 1989. The musicians",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which ensemble did the artist who performed 'Be the One' belong to? | [
{
"id": 832795,
"question": "Be the One >> performer",
"answer": "Jackie Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 350510,
"question": "#1 >> member of",
"answer": "Jackson 5",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Jackson 5 | [] | true | What group was the performer of Be the One a member of? |
2hop__506035_325512 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Larkin I. Smith",
"paragraph_text": " the seat to make a successful run for the Senate.\nHe defeated Democratic State Senator Gene Taylor and took office on January 3, 1989. However, Smith died on the night of August 13 in a plane crash in rural Perry County near Gulfport after returning from opening the Little League baseball \"Dixie Youth World Series\" in Hattiesburg. The bodies of Smith and pilot Chuck Vierling were not recovered until the next morning after a search in which rescuers had to bulldoze their way through the forest. Smith's death came only six days after fellow Representative Mickey Leland of Texas died in a plane crash in Ethiopia on August 7, 1989.\nTaylor would succeed Smith in a special election held some two months after the crash, beating Republican candidate Tom Anderson. Taylor was reelected every two years until 2010,Smith was born in Poplarville, Mississippi to Nona Orene Bounds and her husband Hezekiah K. Smith, Sr. Smith was named after his maternal grandfather Larkin Bounds and his maternal uncle Irvin E. Bounds. He received his bachelor's degree from William Carey University and then served at various positions in the police forces in both Pearl River and then Harrison counties. He became the police chief in Gulfport and thereafter the Harrison County sheriff.LSmith was born in Poplarville, Mississippi to Nona Orene Bounds and her husband Hezekiah K. Smith, Sr. Smith was named after his maternal grandfather Larkin Bounds and his maternal uncle Irvin E. Bounds. He received his bachelor's degree from William Carey University and then served at various positions in the police forces in both Pearl River and then Harrison counties. He became the police chief in Gulfport and thereafter the Harrison County sheriff.vin E. Bounds. He received his bachelor's degree from William Carey University and then served at various positions in the police forces in both Pearl River and then Harrison counties. He became the police chief in Gulfport and thereafter the Harrison County sheriff.\nIn 1988, Smith ran for the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from Mississippi's 5th congressional district in the southern portion of the state after eight-term incumbent Trent Lott gave up the seat to make a successful run for the Senate.\nHe defeated Democratic State Senator Gene Taylor and took office on January 3, 1989. However, Smith died on the night of August 13 in a plane crash in rural Perry County near Gulfport after returning from opening the Little League baseball \"Dixie Youth World Series\" in Hattiesburg. The bodies of Smith and pilot Chuck Vierling were not recovered until the next morning after a search in which rescuers had to bulldoze their way through the forest. Smith's death came only six days after fellow Representative Mickey Leland of Texas died in a plane crash in Ethiopia on August 7, 1989.\nTaylor would succeed Smith in a special election held some two months after the crash, beating Republican candidate Tom Anderson. Taylor was reelected every two years until 2010,Smith was born in Poplarville, Mississippi to Nona Orene Bounds and her husband Hezekiah K. Smith, Sr. Smith was named after his maternal grandfather Larkin Bounds and his maternal uncle Irvin E. Bounds. He received his bachelor's degree from William Carey University and then served at various positions in the police forces in both Pearl River and then Harrison counties. He became the police chief in Gulfport and thereafter the Harrison County sheriff.Larkin Irvin Smith (June 26, 1944 – August 13, 1989) was an American Congressman from Mississippi serving for seven months until he was killed in a plane crash in Perry County, Mississippi in 1989.\nSmith was born in Poplarville, Mississippi to Nona Orene Bounds and her husband Hezekiah K. Smith Sr. Smith was named after his maternal grandfather Larkin Bounds and his maternal uncle Irvin E. Bounds. He received his bachelor's degree from William Carey University and then served at various positions in the police forces in both Pearl River and then Harrison counties. He became the police chief in Gulfport and thereafter the Harrison County sheriff.\nIn 1988, Smith ran for the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from Mississippi's 5th congressional district in the southern portion of the state after eight-term incumbent Trent Lott gave up the seat to make a successful run for the Senate.\nHe defeated Democratic State Senator Gene Taylor and took office on January 3, 1989. However, Smith died on the night of August 13 in a plane crash in rural Perry County near Gulfport after returning from opening the Little League baseball \"Dixie Youth World Series\" in Hattiesburg. The bodies of Smith and pilot Chuck Vierling were not recovered until the next morning after a search in which rescuers had to bulldoze their way through the forest. Smith's death came only six days after fellow Representative Mickey Leland of Texas died in a plane crash in Ethiopia on August 7, 1989.\nTaylor would succeed Smith in a special election held some two months after the crash, beating Republican candidate Tom Anderson. Taylor was",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Poplarville, Mississippi",
"paragraph_text": " Pearl River County jail in Poplarville by a mob and shot to death. No charges were filed against anyone. \nOn August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina inflicted damage on Poplarville, with storm's most powerful, unofficially recorded gust of wind reported at Pearl River Community College, at 135 mph (217 km/h). On September 2, 2005, Ohio Army National Guard arrived in Poplarville to assist with recovery. Initial efforts were the security of banks, pharmacies and gas stations as well as initial responses to rural emergencies. The unit stayed for three weeks ultimately checking on every family and structure in the county. On September 5, 2005, George W. Bush, Laura Bush, and Governor Haley Barbour visited Pearl River Community College in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.\nOn March 25, 2014 citizens voted to allow for beer and wine sales. The final vote count was 361 votes for the measure and 149 against.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10 km2), of which, 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.52%) is water.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,833 people, 733 households, and 499 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 2,601 people, 852 households, and 558 families residing in the city. The population density was 676.5 inhabitants per square mile (261.2/km2). There were 936 housing units at an average density of 243.4 per square mile (94.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 74.32% White, 23.95% African American, 0.50% Asian, 0.15% Native American, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.\nThere were 852 households, out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.4% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.99.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 20.8% from 18 to 24Poplarville is a city in Pearl River County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,894. It is the county seat of Pearl River County. It hosts an annual Blueberry Jubilee, which includes rides, craft vendors and rodeos.PopPoplarville is a city in Pearl River County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,894. It is the county seat of Pearl River County. It hosts an annual Blueberry Jubilee, which includes rides, craft vendors and rodeos.== History ==\nPoplarville was named for Poplar Jim Smith, the original owner of the town site.\nFour lynchings have been committed in Poplarville since the Civil War. The most recent occurred in 1959 when Mack Charles Parker, an African-American accused of rape, was abducted from the Pearl River County jail in Poplarville by a mob and shot to death. No charges were filed against anyone. \nOn August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina inflicted damage on Poplarville, with storm's most powerful, unofficially recorded gust of wind reported at Pearl River Community College, at 135 mph (217 km/h). On September 2, 2005, Ohio Army National Guard arrived in Poplarville to assist with recovery. Initial efforts were the security of banks, pharmacies and gas stations as well as initial responses to rural emergencies. The unit stayed for three weeks ultimately checking on every family and structure in the county. On September 5, 2005, George W. Bush, Laura Bush, and Governor Haley Barbour visited Pearl River Community College in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.\nOn March 25, 2014 citizens voted to allow for beer and wine sales. The final vote count was 361 votes for the measure and 149 against.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10 km2), of which, 3.8 square miles (9.8 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.52%) is water.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,833 people, 733 households, and 499 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 2,601 people, 852 households, and 558 families residing in the city. The population density was 676.5 inhabitants per square mile (261.2/km2). There were 936 housing units at an average density of 243.4 per square mile (94.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 74.32% White, 23.95% African American, 0.50% Asian, 0.15% Native American, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 0.81% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.65% of the population.\nThere were 852 households, out",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the county of birth for Larkin I. Smith? | [
{
"id": 506035,
"question": "Larkin I. Smith >> place of birth",
"answer": "Poplarville",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 325512,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pearl River County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Pearl River County | [
"Pearl River County, Mississippi"
] | true | In which county was Larkin I. Smith born? |
3hop2__222979_133099_40768 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Comstar wheel",
"paragraph_text": ".:��27�� Comstar wheels also allowed the fitment of tubeless tyres which, like other alloy wheels, helped to reduce unsprung mass, although not all models fitted with Comstars had tubeless tyres.\n\nHonda debuted Comstars on their FIM European Motorcycle Endurance Championship winning RCB-941:��27�� production endurance race bikes for the 1976 season.:��60�� Honda first fitted Comstars to its road going motorcycles in 1977 on models such as the CB400T Dream, CB750F2 and the later flagship CBX1000. A special lightweight version was also used on HRC's failed oval-piston four stroke GP motorcycle, the NR500,:��105�� and the later NS500 two-stroke ridden by Freddie Spencer.\n\nSome later models came fitted with what were known as reverse Comstars.:��68�� These had the spoke sections that looked they were assembled the other way round, hence the term \"reversed\". This style of Comstar was often given an anodized colour finish such as gold or black with silver detailing.:��54��\nThey were said to be hard to keep clean due to tiny crevices.:��40��\n\n\n== Construction ==\nTo manufacture the Comstar wheels, Honda used an extruded aluminium-alloy rim made by D.I.D:��37�� that was fastened to the spokes using aluminium rivets. The spoke pieces were bolted to the hub with steel bolt and nut fastenings in either three, five or six pointed star configuration. What metal the spokes were made from depended on the model of motorcycle. The CB400T, for example, used steel for the spokes and alloy for the rim, whilst the CBX and the SuperThe Comstar wheel, sometimes referred to as Com-stars or stylised as ComStar, was a composite motorcycle wheel that Honda fitted to many of its motorcycles from 1977 to the mid 1980s. Its design allowed it the option of being fitted with tubeless tyres and its use on the Honda CX500 was the first time tubeless tyres had been designed for a production motorcycle.The Comstar wheel, sometimes referred to as Com-stars or stylised as ComStarThe Comstar wheel, sometimes referred to as Com-stars or stylised as ComStar, was a composite motorcycle wheel that Honda fitted to many of its motorcycles from 1977 to the mid 1980s. Its design allowed it the option of being fitted with tubeless tyres and its use on the Honda CX500 was the first time tubeless tyres had been designed for a production motorcycle..\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Comstar was Honda's replacement for the tension spoked wheel. Whilst spoked wheels offered a degree of flexibility to help absorb road imperfections, they also required periodic maintenance to ensure correct spoke tension and required the fitment of an inner tube. Honda claimed the Comstar design combined the strength of a cast wheel but allowed a predetermined level of radial flex like spoked wheels.:��27�� Comstar wheels also allowed the fitment of tubeless tyres which, like other alloy wheels, helped to reduce unsprung mass, although not all models fitted with Comstars had tubeless tyres.\n\nHonda debuted Comstars on their FIM European Motorcycle Endurance Championship winning RCB-941:��27�� production endurance race bikes for the 1976 season.:��60�� Honda first fitted Comstars to its road going motorcycles in 1977 on models such as the CB400T Dream, CB750F2 and the later flagship CBX1000. A special lightweight version was also used on HRC's failed oval-piston four stroke GP motorcycle, the NR500,:��105�� and the later NS500 two-stroke ridden by Freddie Spencer.\n\nSome later models came fitted with what were known as reverse Comstars.:��68�� These had the spoke sections that looked they were assembled the other way round, hence the term \"reversed\". This style of Comstar was often given an anodized colour finish such as gold or black with silver detailing.:��54��\nThey were said to be hard to keep clean due to tiny crevices.:��40��\n\n\n== Construction ==\nTo manufacture the Comstar wheels, Honda used an extruded aluminium-alloy rim made by D.I.D:��37�� that was fastened to the spokes using aluminium rivets. The spoke pieces were bolted to the hub with steel bolt and nut fastenings in either three, five or six pointed star configuration. What metal the spokes were made from depended on the model of motorcycle. The CB400T, for example, used steel for the spokes and alloy for",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Scion (automobile)",
"paragraph_text": "2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which were exclusive to Toyota Netz Store Japanese dealerships.\n\nScion was marketed as a youth brand and was first introduced in March 2002, at the New York Auto Show. There were just two concept vehicles, the bbX (which became the xB), and the ccX (which became the tC). The 2004 xA and xB were unveiled at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show on January 2, 2003. They were available only in 105 Toyota dealerships in California at their initial launch on June 9, 2003. The subsequent rollout of the brand to the South, the Southeast, and the East Coast occurred in February 2004. Scion vehicles were available nationwide in June 2004, coinciding with the release of the 2005 tC. On December 16, 2006, Scion unveiled the next-generation xB, based on the t2B concept, and the new xD, successor of the xA, at an invitation-only, no-camera event in Miami. Both cars were then publicly unveiled on February 8, 2007, at the Chicago Auto Show. The xD, a five-door subcompact car that is sold in Japan as the second generation Toyota Ist, was based on the Yaris platform with the tenth-generation Corolla's engine.\n\nIn September 2010, Scion expanded into Canada, with vehicles offered at 45 selected dealers starting in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, followed by other cities. Launch models included the tC, xD, and xB. The first new Scions were shown in Canada at the Scion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified \"pure price\" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The \"Scion\" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques. peaked in 2006 with 173,034 units sold. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. However, Toyota's initial propositions of short product cycles and aggressive pricing based on low dealer margins became increasingly unsustainable as sales fell after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Toyota abolished the Scion brand at the start of the 2017 model year in August 2016; the vehicles were either rebranded as Toyotas or discontinued.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1999, Toyota launched Project Genesis, an effort to bring younger buyers to the Toyota marque in the United States. This project aimed to create a \"marque within a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectivelySome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the makers of the Nissan, the Comstar wheel, and the Scion inaugurate their manufacturing plants in the United States? | [
{
"id": 222979,
"question": "Scion >> owned by",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 133099,
"question": "What company makes Comstar wheel?",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #2 , #1 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 1981 | [] | true | When did Nissan along with the company that makes the Comstar wheel and the company that makes the Scion open US assembly plants? |
2hop__398344_439882 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of Steven Universe characters",
"paragraph_text": " Rebecca Sugar. It is produced by Cartoon Network Studios and is the first Cartoon Network show to be created by a woman. The series focuses on the adventures of the Crystal Gems—magical alien warriors who protect the Earth from their own kind—and the humans they interact with in the fictional town of Beach City. It has received critical acclaim for the diversity and deep characterization of its characters; its portrayal of relationships, including queer relationships; and subversion of stereotypical gender norms, along with its art style, voice acting, music, and storytelling.Steven\"Steven Universe\" is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar. It is produced by Cartoon Network Studios and is the first Cartoon Network show to be created by a woman. The series focuses on the adventures of the Crystal Gems—magical alien warriors who protect the Earth from their own kind—and the humans they interact with in the fictional town of Beach City. It has received critical acclaim for the diversity and deep characterization of its characters; its portrayal of relationships, including queer relationships; and subversion of stereotypical gender norms, along with its art style, voice acting, music, and storytelling. titular protagonist of the series, Steven Universe (voiced by Zach Callison) is the youngest and only male member of the Crystal Gems. His characterization is loosely inspired by series creator Rebecca Sugar's younger brother Steven Sugar, a background artist for the show. His portrayal as a male character whose heroism is based on traditionally feminine attributes such as empathy and nurturing, and who seeks to live up to the legacy of his heroic mother, has drawn favorable reaction from critics.\nIn the show, Steven is the son of Greg Universe, a human musician,\"Steven Universe\" is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar. It is produced by Cartoon Network Studios and is the first Cartoon Network show to be created by a woman. The series focuses on the adventures of the Crystal Gems—magical alien warriors who protect the Earth from their own kind—and the humans they interact with in the fictional town of Beach City. It has received critical acclaim for the diversity and deep characterization of its characters; its portrayal of relationships, including queer relationships; and subversion of stereotypical gender norms, along with its art style, voice acting, music, and storytelling.Steven Universe is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. The series focuses on the adventures of the Crystal Gems—magical alien warriors who protect the Earth from their own kind—and the humans they interact with in the fictional town of Beach City.\nIt has received critical acclaim for the diversity and deep characterization of its characters; its portrayal of relationships, including queer relationships; and subversion of stereotypical gender norms, along with its art style, voice acting, music, and storytelling.\n\n\n== Appearances ==\n\n\n== Main characters ==\n\n\n=== Steven Universe ===\n\nThe titular protagonist of the series, Steven Universe (voiced by Zach Callison) is the youngest and only male member of the Crystal Gems. His characterization is loosely inspired by series creator Rebecca Sugar's younger brother Steven Sugar, a background artist for the show. His portrayal as a male character whose heroism is based on traditionally feminine attributes such as empathy and nurturing, and who seeks to live up to the legacy of his heroic mother, has drawn favorable reaction from critics.\nIn the show, Steven is the son of Greg Universe, a human musician, and Rose Quartz, the former leader of the Crystal Gems. Rose is described as having \"given up her physical form to bring [Steven] into the world\" as the first Gem-human hybrid, and her gemstone is embedded in his navel. At the beginning of the show's narrative, he is in his early teens but appears younger due to the interaction of his Gem magic with his aging process. Steven is caring, protective, brave, gentle, forgiving, and eager to help the people he loves with their problems; his optimism is often a source of strength for the other Crystal Gems. His gemstone gives him a wide range of magical abilities; one of the long-term story arcs of the series is his progress in learning about and mastering these abilities, beginning in the first episode with his first successful attempt to summon his Gem weapon, a pink shield. Other long-lasting character arcs involving Steven include his anxiety about filling his mother's place in the Crystal Gems and coping with her complex legacy and his developing friendship with his human best friend Connie.\nThe sequel series, Steven Universe Future, focuses on Steven's psychological state in the aftermath of the events of the main series. In Future, Steven wrestles with feelings of purposelessness now that the battles he spent his early adolescence fighting are resolved, and copes with the lasting psychological trauma from the stress he experienced while fighting them.\n\n\n=== Garnet ===\n\nThe disciplined current leader of the Crystal Gems, Garnet (voiced by Estelle) is quiet, stoic, pragmatic, and described by Steven as \"mysterious\", but over the course of the series she becomes more emotionally open, especially in expressing her love for Steven. According to the writers, her great self-confidence is reflected in the fact that she never asks questions. She possesses red garnets in the palms of her hands, from which she summons her Gem weapon, a pair of heavy gauntlets. She also has a precognitive ability she refers to as \"future vision\". Garnet has three eyes, over which she wears a visor.\nIn the first-season finale \"Jail Break\", it is revealed that Garnet is a fusion of two smaller Gems named Ruby and Sapphire. Garnet's existence is thus a personification of Ruby and Sapphire's loving relationship—she describes herself as \"a conversation\" and \"made of love\"—and her personality is a stable blending of Ruby and Sapphire's traits. The character of Garnet has",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Steven the Sword Fighter",
"paragraph_text": " The episode was viewed by 1.098 million viewers, becoming the thirty-sixth most watched episode aired by the network for the week of April 7 to April 13, 2014.\nThe episode shows Pearl attempting to teach Steven the art of sword-fighting using Holo-Pearl, a holographic version of herself. However, during the lessons, Pearl gets injured and retreats into her gem to heal and make a new body to project.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nWhile Steven (Zach Callison), Garnet (Estelle), Amethyst (Michaela Dietz) and Pearl (Deedee Magno Hall) are watching the fictional Japanese movie Lonely Blade, Pearl critiques the film's sword fighting techniques and offers to give Steven a proper demonstration. At her arena, Pearl summons \"Holo-Pearl\", a holographic version of herself to spar with. After Pearl wins a sparring match with Holo-Pearl, she begins to show Steven the basics of sword-fighting. However, Pearl's lessons bore Steven, making him clamor for Pearl to teach him the signature move from the Lonely Blade movie, much to Pearl's chagrin. While Pearl is distracted talking to Steven, Holo-Pearl impales Pearl with her sword, which causes Pearl to lose her physical form, leaving nothing but her gemstone. Although Steven is distraught, Garnet and Amethyst assure him that Pearl has simply retreated into her gem and will return, projecting a new body, once she has healed.\nTwo weeks pass, and Pearl is still healing inside her gem. Steven decides to use Holo-Pearl as a replacement for the real Pearl. However, Holo-Pearl only knows how to sword fight, seeing everything as a potential opponent. Garnet and Amethyst urge Steven to stop using it and wait for the real Pearl to come back. After Holo-Pearl cuts down the real Pearl's favorite tree, Steven becomes infuriated and tries to drive Holo-Pearl away.\nLater that night, Holo-Pearl continues to ask Steven to be challenged in combat, though he repeatedly refuses. But when she destroys the television, Steven becomes fed up and fights back against Holo-Pearl, accidentally activating her \"advanced\" mode. After an intense fight, Steven is able to destroy Holo-Pearl permanently. Garnet and Amethyst hear the commotion and come to check on Steven; and while he is explaining what he has learned, Pearl finally regenerates with a new outfit and faces the mess left from what recently happened, while Steven happily parades around celebrating her return.\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe episode was written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu. Ki-Yong Bae, Seon-Jae Lee and Seo Whan Kim provided animation direction, Elle Michalka served as art director, and Ian Jones-Quartey provided supervising direction. A sneak peek of the episode was shared on io9 on April 7, 2014, with Johnston first announcing the episode on the series' production blog the following day, shortly after the series' new Wednesday time slot was promoted on April 2. In addition, several promotional pieces were published by him, Rebecca Sugar and color stylist Tiffany Ford, encouraging followers to watch. A panel from the storyboard was also promoted,\"Steven the Sword Fighter\" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American animated television series \"Steven Universe\". It is written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu.\"Steven the Sword Fighter\" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American animated television series Steven Universe. It is written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu.\nIn the United States, the episode originally aired on Cartoon Network on April 9, 2014, the first new episode to air on the series' new Wednesday time slot. The episode was viewed by 1.098 million viewers, becoming the thirty-sixth most watched episode aired by the network for the week of April 7 to April 13, 2014.\nThe episode shows Pearl attempting to teach Steven the art of sword-fighting using Holo-Pearl, a holographic version of herself. However, during the lessons, Pearl gets injured and retreats into her gem to heal and make a new body to project.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nWhile Steven (Zach Callison), Garnet (Estelle), Amethyst (Michaela Dietz) and Pearl (Deedee Magno Hall) are watching the fictional Japanese movie Lonely Blade, Pearl critiques the film's sword fighting techniques and offers to give Steven a proper demonstration. At her arena, Pearl summons \"Holo-Pearl\", a holographic\"Steven the Sword Fighter\" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American animated television series \"Steven Universe\". It is written by Joe Johnston and Jeff Liu.",
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] | Who developed the protagonist for the series known as Steven the Sword Fighter? | [
{
"id": 398344,
"question": "Steven the Sword Fighter >> part of the series",
"answer": "Steven Universe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 439882,
"question": "#1 >> creator",
"answer": "Rebecca Sugar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Rebecca Sugar | [] | true | Who is the creator of the main character in the Steven the Sword Fighter series? |
2hop__536283_67465 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Best Day Ever (mixtape)",
"paragraph_text": "tape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalentBest Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songsBest Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. When the video surpassed 16 million views, Donald Trump acknowledged the song on the social networking site Twitter, stating \"Who wouldn't be flattered?\".\nIn June 2016, Best Day Ever was remastered and commercially released by Rostrum Records for its fifth anniversary.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nThe mixtape received favorable reviews, including an \"XL\" (second highest) from XXL magazine.\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nFollowing Miller's death on September 7, 2018, Best Day Ever debuted at number 26 on the US Billboard 200 with 17,000 album-equivalent units.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from DatPiff and Spotify.\n\nNotes\n\n^[a] signifies an additional producer\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers W",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Watching Movies",
"paragraph_text": " saying, \"It’s de facto title track \"Watching Movies\" that puts the whole Miller experience in its most positive light, however, as the SAP and Larry Fisherman beat swallows Miller like the Wizard of Oz tornado and tosses him into a magical world where he’s a fantastic facsimile of Curren$y and Wiz Khalifa rather than middling nasal white boy.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nOn June 14, 2013, just four days shy of the album's release, Miller released the music video for \"Watching Movies\". MTV described the video as a cross between horror films and twerking. The Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman directed video for, \"Watching Movies\" features Miller rapping among ghoulish, red-eyed men in robes and a pack of sexy, twerking women.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital single\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==Watching Movies is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. The song was released on May 25, 2013 as the second single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off. The song was produced by Sap (who produced his debut single \"Donald Trump\") and by Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman. \"Watching Movies\" peaked at number 33 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video by Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman was created for the single that features Miller succumbing to the materials associated with hip-hop.\n\n\n== Background ==\nOn May 4, 2013, Mac Miller announced on Twitter that the second single off Watching Movies with the Sound Off would be titled, \"Watching Movies\" and produced by himself along with \"Donald Trump\" producer SAP. Three days later, Mac Miller confirmed that the track would be premiered on May 9, 2013, which he would follow through with. On May 25, the song would be released to retail as the album's second official single.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\"Watching Movies\" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. David Amidon of PopMatters spoke of the song saying, \"It’sWatching Movies is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. The song was released on May 25, 2013 as the second single from his second studio album \"Watching Movies with the Sound Off\". The song was produced by Sap (who produced his debut single \"Donald Trump\") and by Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman. \"Watching Movies\" peaked at number 33 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video by Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman was created for the single that features Miller succumbing to the materials associated with hip-hop.WWatching Movies is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. The song was released on May 25, 2013 as the second single from his second studio album \"Watching Movies with the Sound Off\". The song was produced by Sap (who produced his debut single \"Donald Trump\") and by Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman. \"Watching Movies\" peaked at number 33 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video by Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman was created for the single that features Miller succumbing to the materials associated with hip-hop. May 4, 2013, Mac Miller announced on Twitter that the second single off Watching Movies with the Sound Off would be titled, \"Watching Movies\" and produced by himself along with \"Donald Trump\" producer SAP. Three days later, Mac Miller confirmed that the track would be premiered on May 9, 2013, which he would follow through with. On May 25, the song would be released to retail as the album's second official single.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\"Watching Movies\" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. David Amidon of PopMatters spoke of the song saying, \"It’s de facto title track \"Watching Movies\" that puts the whole Miller experience in its most positive light, however, as the SAP and Larry Fisherman beat swallows Miller like the Wizard of Oz tornado and tosses him into a magical world where he’s a fantastic facsimile of Curren$y and Wiz Khalifa rather than middling nasal white boy.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nOn June 14, 2013, just four days shy of the album's release, Miller released the music video for \"Watching Movies\". MTV described the video as a cross between horror films and twerking. The Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman directed video for, \"Watching Movies\" features Miller rapping among ghoulish, red-eyed men in robes and a pack of sexy, twerking women.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nDigital single\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==Watching Movies is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. The song was released on May 25, 2013 as the second single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off. The song was produced by Sap (who produced his debut single \"Donald Trump\") and by Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman. \"Watching Movies\" peaked at number 33 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video by Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman was created for the single that features Miller succumbing to the materials associated with hip-hop.\n\n\n== Background ==\nOn May 4, 2013, Mac Miller announced on Twitter that the second single off Watching Movies with the Sound Off would be titled, \"Watching Movies\" and produced by himself along with \"Donald Trump\" producer SAP. Three days later, Mac Miller confirmed that the track would be premiered on May 9, 2013, which he would follow through with. On May 25, the song would be released to retail as the album's second official single.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\"Watching Movies\" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. David Amidon of PopMatters spoke of the song saying, \"It’sWatching Movies is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. The song was released on May 25, 2013 as the second single from his second studio album \"Watching Movies with the Sound Off\". The song was produced by Sap (who produced his debut single \"Donald Trump\") and by Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman. \"Watching Movies\" peaked at number 33 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video by Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman was created for the single that features Miller succumbing to the materials associated with hip-hop.Watching Movies is a song by American hip hop recording artist Mac Miller. The song was released on May 25, 2013 as the second single from his second studio album Watching Movies with the Sound Off. The song was produced by Sap (who produced his debut single \"Donald Trump\") and by Miller under the alias Larry Fisherman. \"Watching Movies\" peaked at number 33 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. A music video by Rex Arrow and Larry Fisherman was created for the single that features Miller succumbing to the materials associated with hip-hop.\n\n\n== Background ==\nOn May 4, 2013, Mac Miller announced on Twitter that the second single off Watching Movies with the Sound Off would be titled, \"Watching Movies\" and produced by himself along with \"Donald Trump\" producer SAP. Three days later, Mac Miller confirmed that the track would be premiered on May 9, 2013, which he would follow through with. On May 25, the song would be released to retail as the album's second official single.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\"Watching Movies\" was met with generally positive reviews",
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] | When was Best Day Ever released by the artist who performed Watching Movies? | [
{
"id": 536283,
"question": "Watching Movies >> performer",
"answer": "Mac Miller",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 67465,
"question": "when did #1 release best day ever",
"answer": "March 11, 2011",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | March 11, 2011 | [] | true | When did the performer of Watching Movies release Best Day Ever? |
2hop__311694_129669 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Vera Barbosa",
"paragraph_text": " record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.Vera BarbVera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira) is a Portuguese track and field athlete. She initially competed for Cape Verde, switching to represent Portugal after 2008. At the 400 metres hurdles event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, in the heats she set a new national record with 55.22 seconds.\n\n\n== Competition record ==\n\n\n== References ==Vera Barbosa (born 13 January 1989 in Vila Franca de Xira)",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Vila Franca de Xira",
"paragraph_text": " capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.Vila Franca de Xira (Portuguese pronunciation: [��vil�� ��f������k�� ���� ����i����] ) is a city and municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 137,659, inVila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200. as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.\nThe town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and OctoberVila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.Vila Franca de Xira (Portuguese pronunciation: [��vil�� ��f������k�� ���� ����i����] ) is a city and municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2021 was 137,659, in an area of 318.19 km2. \nSituated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km (20 mi) north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.\nThe town is mostly famous for its bull-running festivals in July and October. Bulls are raised in the salty marshlands of the Ribatejo, which is also a notable breeding ground for the Lusitano horse, esteemed for its quick reflexes and maneuverability. A number of brightly coloured Portuguese bullfighting costumes are on display in the ethnographic museum in the town's bullring, the Praça de Toiros (or Touros)",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What state was Vera Barbosa born in? | [
{
"id": 311694,
"question": "Vera Barbosa >> place of birth",
"answer": "Vila Franca de Xira",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 129669,
"question": "In which state is #1 located?",
"answer": "Lisbon District",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Lisbon District | [
"Lisbon",
"AML"
] | true | In which state is Vera Barbosa's place of birth located? |
2hop__84439_482364 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pelias",
"paragraph_text": ". Nimue, one of the LadiesMany years later, Pelias offered a sacrifice by the sea in honor of Poseidon. Jason, who was summoned with many others to take part in the sacrifice, lost one of his sandals in the flooded river Anaurus while rushing to Iolcus. In Virgil's Aeneid, Hera had disguised herself as an old woman, whom Jason was helping across the river when he lost his sandal. When Jason entered Iolcus, he was announced as a man wearing one sandal. Fearful, Pelias asked Jason what he would do if confronted with the man who would be his downfall. Jason responded that he would send that man after the Golden Fleece. Pelias took Jason's advice and sent him to retrieve the Golden Fleece. It would be found at Colchis, in a grove sacred to Ares, the god of war. Though the Golden Fleece simply hung on an oak tree, this was a seemingly impossible task, as an ever - watchful dragon guarded it.Many years later, Pelias offered a sacrifice by the sea in honor of Poseidon. Jason, who was summoned with many others to take part in the sacrifice, lost one of his sandals in the flooded river Anaurus while rushing to Iolcus. In Virgil's Aeneid, Hera had disguised herself as an old woman, whom Jason was helping across the river when he lost his sandal. When Jason entered Iolcus, he was announced as a man wearing one sandal. Fearful, Pelias asked Jason what he would do if confronted with the man who would be his downfall. Jason responded that he would send that man after the Golden Fleece. Pelias took Jason's advice and sent him to retrieve the Golden Fleece. It would be found at Colchis, in a grove sacred to Ares, the god of war. Though the Golden Fleece simply hung on an oak tree, this was a seemingly impossible task, as an ever - watchful dragon guarded it.",
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{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Aeson",
"paragraph_text": "During Jason's absence, Pelias intended to kill Aeson. However, Aeson committed suicide by drinking bull's blood. His wife killed herself as well, and Pelias murdered their infant son Promachus.During Jason's absence, Pelias intended to kill Aeson. However, Aeson committed suicide by drinking bull's blood. His wife killed herself as well, and Pelias murdered their infant son Promachus.Arson is the act of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, watercraft, or forests. The crime is typically classified as a felony, with instances involving risk to human life or property carrying a stricter penalty. Arson which results in death can be further prosecuted as manslaughter or murder. A common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud. In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy.\nA person who commits arson is referred to as an arsonist, or a serial arsonist if arson has been committed several times. Arsonists normally use an accelerant (such as gasoline or kerosene) to ignite, propel, and direct fires, and the detection and identification of ignitable liquid residues is an important part of fire investigations. Pyromania is an impulse control disorder characterized by the pathological setting of fires. Most acts of arson are not committed by pyromaniacs.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe term derives from Law French arsoun (late 13th century), from Old French arsion, from Late Latin ��rsiōnem \"a burning,\" (acc.) from the verb ardēre, \"to burn.\"\nThe Old English term was bærnet, lit. \"burning\"; and Edward Coke has indictment of burning (1640). Arsonist is from 1864.\n\n\n== English common law ==\nEnglish Common Law defines arson as \"the malicious burning of the dwelling of another.\"\nThis definition has four elements:\n\nMalicious\nFor purposes of common law arson, \"malicious\" refers to intention of starting the fire. Fires can be started on purpose or by accident. In either case, there is legal precedent charge the guilty person with arson whether their intention was to start a fire or not. \"Malicious\" in this case is describing the intention of the arsonist as ill-intentioned and intending to cause harm or death.\nBurning\nAccording to common law charring to any part of dwelling was sufficient to satisfy this element. No significant amount of damage to the dwelling was required. Any injury or damage to the structure caused by exposure to heat or flame is sufficient.\nOf the dwelling\n'Dwelling' refers to a place of residence. The destruction of an unoccupied building was not considered arson: \"... since arson protected habitation, the burning of an unoccupied house did not constitute arson.\" At common law a structure did not become a residence until the first occupants had moved in, and ceased to be a dwelling if the occupants abandoned the premises with no intention of resuming their residency. Dwelling includes structures and outbuildings within the curtilage. Dwellings were not limited to houses. A barn could be the subject of arson if occupied as a dwelling.\nOf another\nBurning one's own dwelling does not constitute common law arson, even if the purpose was to collect insurance, because \"it was generally assumed in early England that one had the legal right to destroy his own property in any manner he chose\". Moreover, for purposes of common law arson, possession or occupancy rather than title determines whose dwelling the structure is. Thus a tenant who sets fire to his rented house would not be guilty of common law arson, while the landlord who set fire to a rented dwelling house would be guilty.\n\n\n== Degrees ==\nMany U.S. state legal systems and the legal systems of several other countries divide arson into degrees, depending sometimes on the value of the property but more commonly on its use and whether the crime was committed in the day or night.\n\nFirst-degree arson – Burning an occupied structure such as a school or a place where people are normally present\nSecond-degree arson – Burning an unoccupied building such as an empty barn or an unoccupied house or other structure in order to claim insurance on such property\nThird-degree arson – Burning an abandoned building or an abandoned area, such as a field, forest or woods.\nMany statutes vary the degree of the crime according to the criminal intent of the accused. Some US states use other degrees of arson, such as \"fourth\" and \"fifth\" degree, while some states do not categorize arson by any degree. For example, in the state of Tennessee, arson is categorized as \"arson\" and \"aggravated arson.\"\n\n\n== Insurance fraud ==\nA common motive for arson is to commit insurance fraud. In such cases, a person destroys their own property by burning it and then lies about the cause in order to collect against their insurance policy.\nAn example of insurance fraud being the motivating factor for an act of arson is the case for Operation Firebird. A married couple and 4 co-conspirators were arrested and convicted with arson and insurance fraud after a string of home, business, and warehouse fires which took place between 2014 and 2018 were exposed as acts of arson. Using chicken left in boiling frying oil, the convicted criminals would make fire seem like a cooking accident. Then, the group committed insurance fraud by filing insurance claims for the cost of the building, as well as, smoke-damaged goods to claim fire damages for insurance payouts. The group's scheme claimed a reported $4 million and ended when authorities were tipped off of on where the location of the next planned incident would take place. Police then performed an investigation dubbed Operation Firebird with the San Jose Fire Department. According to a 2019 Press Release from the California Department of Insurance, Tyler and Kim Chen, Ha Nguyen, Sandy Ngo, Duyen Pham, and Trang Huynh were all convicted with various degrees of arson and insurance fraud.\nTyler Chen was convicted with five separate counts of arson and two separate counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara County in 2018. Tyler Chen's wife, Kim Chen, was convicted with two counts of insurance fraud in Santa Clara county.\n\n\n== By region ==\n\n\n=== United States ===\n\nIn the United States, the common law elements of arson are often varied in different jurisdictions. For example, the element of \"dwelling\" is no longer required in most states, and arson occurs by the burning of any real property without consent or with unlawful intent. Arson is prosecuted with attention to degree of severity in the alleged offense. First degree arson generally occurs when people are harmed or killed in the course of the fire, while second degree arson occurs when significant destruction of property occurs. While usually a felony, arson may also be prosecuted as a misdemeanor, \"criminal mischief\", or \"destruction of property.\" Burglary also occurs, if the arson involved a \"breaking and entering\". A person may be sentenced to death if arson occurred as a method of homicide, as was the case in California of Raymond Lee Oyler and in Texas of Cameron Todd Willingham.\nAfter the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, the United States started a National Fire Prevention Week in order to educate the people on ways to prevent fires, minimize their damages, and hopefully drastically decrease casualties. Fire Prevention Week campaigns includes various information on safe cooking practices pertaining to grilling, microwaving, and cooking on a stove.\nDuring World War II arson was a much higher concern in the United States. There was a severe lack of firefighters due to the fact most of the men were overseas to fight the war. There were few men left behind to help combat forest fires. For example, during WW II in Eldora, Iowa a fire chief reported that his regular membership shrank",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Who is the paternal figure of the individual who heeded the caution about the man sporting a single sandal? | [
{
"id": 84439,
"question": "who fulfilled the warning beware of the man with one sandal",
"answer": "Jason",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 482364,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Aeson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Aeson | [] | true | Who is the father of the person who fulfilled the warning beware the man with one sandal? |
3hop1__136129_87694_64412 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.\nIn 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nBefore 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, which was described as red and yellow.\nIn 1808, Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace red color with white, in order to distinguish them from the troops that had been incorporated into Napoleon's army.\nIn 1803, the Papal States started using a white merchant flag with the Papal coat of arms in the centre. This flag was made official on 7 June 1815. On 17 September 1825, it was replaced with a yellow and white flag which took its colours from the materials of the two keys (yellow for gold, white for silver). These colors were probably taken from the 1808 flag of the Palatine guard. This was the first bicolour used by the Papal States and the ancestor of the modern flag of Vatican City. The merchant flag also served as a state flag on land.\nStarting in 1831, the papal infantry flew square yellow and white flags. At first, they were diagonally divided, but after 1849 they were vertically divided like the merchant flag. The last infantry colour, adopted in 1862, was a plain square white and yellow flag.\nOn 8 February 1849, while Pope Pius IX was in exile in Gaeta, a Roman Republic was declared. The new government's flag was the Italian tricolor with the motto \"Dio e Popolo\" on the central stripe. The papal government and its flags were restored on 2 July 1849. On 20 September 1870, the Papal States were conquered by Italy.\nAfter the Lateran Treaty was signed in 1929, papal authorities decided to use the 1825–1870 merchant flag as the state flag of the soon to be independent Vatican City state. The treaty came into effect on 7 June 1929.\n\n\n=== Previous versions ===\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\nThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.",
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "St. Peter's Basilica",
"paragraph_text": "The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome.�pj����tro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the ageing Old St. Peter's Basilica, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo",
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Đakovo Cathedral",
"paragraph_text": " Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.\nThe cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was the bishop of the Catholic diocese of Đakovo and Srijem. The architects of the cathedral are Carl Roesner and Friedrich von Schmidt from Vienna. FrescoThe Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.TheThe Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.ocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.\nĐakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian historicism. The St. Peter Cathedral in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.\nThe cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was the bishop of the Catholic diocese of Đakovo and Srijem. The architects of the cathedral are Carl Roesner and Friedrich von Schmidt from Vienna. FrescoThe Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter () is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.The Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter (Croatian: Katedrala bazilika Svetog Petra) is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.\nĐakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian historicism. The St. Peter Cathedral in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.\nThe cathedral was built 1866-1882 under Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was the bishop of the Catholic diocese of Đakovo and Srijem. The architects of the cathedral are Carl Roesner and Friedrich von Schmidt from Vienna. Fresco paintings depicting scenes from the Old Testament in the nave and the New Testament scenes from the life of St Peter in the chancel were executed by the Roman painters of German origin Alexander Maximillian and Lodovico Seitz, except for two frescoes which were painted by Achille Ansiglioni. The scenes from the life of St Peter were partially made according to the drawings created for Đakovo Cathedral by one of the leading Nazarene painters Friedrich Overbeck.\nThe landscaped park from the 19th century near the bishop's palace is a horticultural monument under special protection as well as the nearby Small Park (Mali Park) dating from the turn of the 19th/20th century.\nĐakovo Cathedral was built in 4 years, and another 12 years was spent decorating the inside.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Sources ==\nCepelić, Milko; Pavić, Matija, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, biskup bosansko-đakovački i srijemski, God. 1850-1900, Tisak dioničke tiskare, Zagreb, 1900-1904.\nDamjanović, Dragan, \"Karl Rösner's First Design for Đakovo Cathedral from 1854\", Prostor, Architecture and Urban Planning Scientific Journal, Nr. 15 (2007), 1 (33), Zagreb, 2007, pp. 2–25.\nDamjanović, Dragan, \"Projects for Đakovo Cathedral from the End of the 18th and the Beginning of the 19th Century\", Peristil, Nr. 50, pp 141–56, Zagreb, 2007.\nDamjanović, Dragan, \"Stylistic Features in Karl Rösner's Working Designs from 1865 and 1867 for the Cathedral in Đakovo\", Prostor, Architecture and Urban Planning Scientific Journal, Nr. 16 (2008), 1 (35), Zagreb, 2008, pp. 48–63\nDamjanović, Dragan, \"National Ideologies and 19th Century Art on the Example of Frescoes in the Đakovo Cathedral Apses\", Društvena istraživanja. ��asopis za opća društvena pitanja, Vol. 18, Nr. 3 (101); Zagreb, 2009, pp 461–78\n\n\n== External links ==\nĐakovačko-osječka nabiskupijaThe Đakovo Cathedral or Cathedral basilica of St. Peter (Croatian: Katedrala bazilika Svetog Petra) is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek in Đakovo, Croatia.\nĐakovo Cathedral is the biggest sacral newly built building of Croatian historicism. The St. Peter Cathedral in Đakovo is the town's most famous landmark and the most important sacral object.\nThe cathedral was built 1866-",
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}
] | When did the area, named after the same saint as the Dakovo Cathedral and led by the head of the catholic region, gain independence as a country? | [
{
"id": 136129,
"question": "What is Đakovo Cathedral named after?",
"answer": "Peter",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 87694,
"question": "st. #1 ’s basilica the head of the catholic religion is located in",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 64412,
"question": "when did #2 become its own country",
"answer": "11 February 1929",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 11 February 1929 | [] | true | When did the place where the head of the catholic region named after the same saint as the Dakovo Cathedral become its own country? |
2hop__156700_73244 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kraai River",
"paragraph_text": " joins the Orange River at 30°40′02″S 26°45′06″E.\nThe river flows almost entirely over sandstone rocks of the Clarens Formation.\nThe Kraai is fishable, containing rainbow trout, brown trout and smallmouth yellowfish.\n\nIn 1881\na sandstone arch bridge called the J W Sauer bridge was completed over the river. The bridge linked communities in the Kraai River basin with Aliwal North. The Sauer bridge and the Loch Bridge on the farm\nTyger Krantz, are now Provincial Heritage sites.\n\n\n== Major tributaries ==\nBell River and a tributary of the Bell, the Kloppershoek Spruit\nSterk Spruit, its tributariesThe Kraai River originates in the mountains south of Lesotho and flows westward from the confluence of the Bell River and the Sterkspruit at Moshesh's Ford at all the way to Aliwal North, where it joins the Orange River at .",
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{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Orange River",
"paragraph_text": "Orange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).rikaans as Gariep River with the intrusion of a velar fricative in place of the alveolar click, Groote River (derived from Kai !Garib) or Senqu River (used in Lesotho), derived from ��Nū \"Black\". It is known in isiZulu as isAngqu.\n\n\n== Course ==\n\nThe Orange rises in the Drakensberg mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 193 km (120 mi) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The extremity of the Orange River inside Lesotho is known as the Senqu. Parts of the Senqu River freeze in winter because of the high altitude. This creates droughts downstream, which mainly affect goat and cattle production.\n\nThe Orange River then runs westward through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section, the river flows first into the Gariep Dam and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.\nAt the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern border of the province. From here, the river flows further westward through the arid wilderness of the southern Kalahari region and Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province to meet with Namibia at 20°E longitude. From here, it flows westward for 550 km (340 mi), forming the international border between the province and Namibia's ��Karas Region. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia.\n\nIn the last 800 km (500 mi) of its course, the Orange receives many intermittent streams, and several large wadis lead into it. In this section, the Namib Desert terminates on the north bank of the river, so under normal circumstances, the volume of water added by these tributaries is negligible. Here, the bed of the river is once again deeply incised. The Augrabies Falls are located on this section of the Orange, where the river descends 122 m (400 ft) in a course of 26 km (16 mi).\nThe Orange empties into the Atlantic Ocean between the small towns of Oranjemund (meaning \"Orange mouth\") in Namibia and Alexander Bay in South Africa, about equidistant between Walvis Bay and Cape Town. Some 33 km (21 mi) from its mouth, it is obstructed by rapids and sand bars and is generally not navigable for long stretches.\nThe river has a total length of 2,432 km (1,511 mi).\n\n\n=== Catchment and rainfall ===\n\nIn the dry season, the volume of the water in the river is considerably reduced because of the rapid run-off and evaporation. At the source of the Orange, the rainfall is about 2,000 mm (79 in) per annum, but precipitation decreases as the river flows westward; at its mouth, the rainfall is less than 50 mm (2.0 in) per year. The factors that support evaporation, though, tend to increase in a westerly direction. In the wet season (summer), the Orange river becomes a brown coloured torrent. The huge mass of sediment carriedOrange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is a river in Southern Africa. It is the longest river in South Africa. With a total length of 2,432 km (1,511 mi), the Orange River Basin extends from Lesotho into South Africa and Namibia to the north. It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean. The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Lesotho and between South Africa and Namibia, as well as several provincial borders within South Africa. Except for Upington, it does not pass through any major cities. The Orange River plays an important role in the South African economy by providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The river was named the Orange River in honour of the Dutch ruling family, the House of Orange, by the Dutch explorer Robert Jacob Gordon. Other names include simply the word for river, in Khoekhoegowab orthography written as !Garib, which is rendered in Afrikaans as Gariep River with the intrusion of a velar fricative in place of the alveolar click, Groote River (derived from Kai !Garib) or Senqu River (used in Lesotho), derived from ��Nū \"Black\". It is known in isiZulu as isAngqu.\n\n\n== Course ==\n\nThe Orange rises in the Drakensberg mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 193 km (120 mi) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The extremity of the Orange River inside Lesotho is known as the Senqu. Parts of the Senqu River freeze in winter because of the high altitude. This creates droughts downstream, which",
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] | What is the source location of the river to which Kraai River is a contributing stream? | [
{
"id": 156700,
"question": "What is Kraai River a tributary of?",
"answer": "Orange River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 73244,
"question": "where is the origin of #1",
"answer": "Thaba Putsoa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Thaba Putsoa | [] | true | Where is the origin of the river that Kraai River is a tributary of? |
3hop1__145194_160545_60577 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Beach (film)",
"paragraph_text": "affy explains that he settled there in secret several years earlier, but difficulties arose and he left. Daffy dies by suicide, leaving Richard a map to the island. Richard persuades Françoise and Étienne to accompany himControversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Leh to make it more ``paradise - like ''. The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach. Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed. Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004. released on 11 February 2000, by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box office success, grossing $144 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack, and DiCaprio's performance, but criticized it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book's themes and social commentary. \n\n\n== Plot ==\nRichard, a young American backpacker seeking adventure in Bangkok, stays in a drab travelers' hotel on Khao San Road where he meets a young French couple, Françoise and Étienne. He also meets Daffy, who tells him of a pristine, uninhabited island in the Gulf of Thailand with a beautiful hidden beach. Daffy explains that he settled there in secret several years earlier, but difficulties arose and he left. Daffy dies by suicide, leaving Richard a map to the island. Richard persuades Françoise and Étienne to accompany him to the island, and the three travel to Ko Samui. Richard meets two American surfers who have heard rumors of the island and he gives them a copy of the map.\nEn route to the island, Richard becomes infatuated with Françoise. After swimming to the island from a neighbouring island, they find a cannabis plantation guarded by armed Thai farmers. Avoiding detection, they make their way across the island and meet Keaty, who brings them to a community of travellers living on the island in secret. Sal, the community's English leader, explains thatThe Beach is a 2000 English - language drama film directed by Danny Boyle and based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Alex Garland, which was adapted for the film by John Hodge. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tilda Swinton, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet, and Robert Carlyle. It was filmed on the Thai island Koh Phi Phi.The Beach is a 2000 adventure drama film directed by Danny Boyle, from a screenplay by John Hodge, based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Alex Garland. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tilda Swinton, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet, and Robert Carlyle. It was filmed on the Thai island of Ko Phi Phi Le.\nThe film was released on 11 February 2000, by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box office success, grossing $144 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack, and DiCaprio's performance, but criticized it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book's themes and social commentary. \n\n\n== Plot ==\nRichard, a young American backpacker seeking adventure in Bangkok, stays in a drab travelers' hotel on Khao San Road where he meets a young French couple, Françoise and Étienne. He also meets Daffy, who tells him of a pristine, uninhabited island in the Gulf of Thailand with a beautiful hidden beach. Daffy explains that he settled there in secret several years",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products areBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekk",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Siddhi Savetsila",
"paragraph_text": "om Maha Prayurawongse.\nSiddhi studied metallurgic engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduating with an S.B. degree in 1943. During the Second World War, he joined the Free Thai Movement (Seri Thai) which resisted against the de facto occupation of Thailand by Japanese forces. He collected data for the US foreign-intelligence agency OSS (predecessor of the CIA) and was temporarily detained by the Japanese. Two of Siddhis sisters married US intelligence operatives, one was the wife of former OSS agent Willis Bird and one of CIA officer William Lair. After the end of the war, he returned toSiddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok. He comes from an aristocratic background. His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government. His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama V (Chulalongkorn). His mother was an offspring of the influential Bunnag family, the daughter of Thet Bunnag (later Chao Phraya Suraphan Phisut), making him a direct descendant of Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse. the president of the united nations security council in 1985 with Mom Luang Birabhongse Kasemsri.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\n\nSiddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok. He is a member of the Thai aristocracy. His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government. His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama",
"is_supporting": true
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] | In which location within Siddhi Savetsila's birth country was the movie The Beach shot? | [
{
"id": 145194,
"question": "Where was Siddhi Savetsila born in?",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 60577,
"question": "where did they film the beach in #2",
"answer": "Ko Phi Phi Leh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Ko Phi Phi Leh | [
"Ko Phi Phi Le"
] | true | Where did they film The Beach in the country where Siddhi Savetsila was born? |
2hop__60336_169233 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams",
"paragraph_text": " Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the drama Good Will Hunting (1997) directed by Gus Van Sant and co-written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck. Williams also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), The Fisher King (1991) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), along with the Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for his role Genie in Aladdin (1992), and Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005. In 2009 he received the Disney Legends award.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\n\n\n=== British Academy Film Awards ===\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Screen Actors Guild Awards ===\n\n\n== Miscellaneous awards ==\n\n\n=== Golden Raspberry Awards ===\n\n\n=== Kids' Choice Awards ===\n\n\n=== MTV Awards ===\n\n\n=== Online Film & TV Association ===\n\n\n=== Satellite Awards ===\n\n\n=== Saturn Awards ===\n\n\n== Critics awards ==\n\n\n== Inductions ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nRobin Williams filmography\n\n\n== References ==The following is a List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams.\nRobin Williams (1951–2014) was an American actor and comedian. He started his career as a standup comedian, receiving nine Grammy Award nominations and winning four for Best Comedy Album for Reality ... What a Concept (1980), A Night at the Met (1986), Good Morning Vietnam (1987), and Robin Williams - Live in 2002. He also gained a national audience as the alien Mork in the ABC sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978-1982), where he earned his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination. He went on to receive nine Emmy Award nominations, winning twice for Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Music Program for Carol, Carl, Whoopi and Robin (1987), and ABC Presents A Royal Gala (1988).\nThroughout the course of his film and television career, he won numerous awards. He received four Academy Award nominations, including three consecutive nominations for his performances in Good Morning, Vietnam (1988), Dead Poets Society (1989), and The Fisher King (1991). He received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the drama Good Will Hunting (1997) directed by Gus Van Sant and co-written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck. Williams also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), The Fisher King (1991) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), along with the Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for his role Genie in Aladdin (1992), and Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005. In 2009 he received the Disney Legends award.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\n\n\n=== British Academy Film Awards ===\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Screen Actors Guild Awards ===\n\n\n== Miscellaneous awards ==\n\n\n=== Golden Raspberry Awards ===\n\n\n=== Kids' Choice Awards ===\n\n\n=== MTV Awards ===\n\n\n=== Online Film & TV Association ===\n\n\n=== Satellite Awards ===\n\n\n=== Saturn Awards ===\n\n\n== Critics awards ==\n\n\n== Inductions ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nRobin Williams filmography\n\n\n== References ==The following is a List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams.\nRobin Williams (1951–2014) was an American actor and comedian. He started his career as a standup comedian, receiving nine Grammy Award nominations and winning four for Best Comedy Album for Reality ... What a Concept (1980), A Night at theRobin Williams (1951–2014) was an American actor and comedian who throughout the course of his career won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997). He also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"The Fisher King\" (1991) and \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" (1993), along with the Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005.TheRobin Williams (1951–2014) was an American actor and comedian who throughout the course of his career won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997). He also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"The Fisher King\" (1991) and \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" (1993), along with the Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005.), where he earned his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination. He went on to receive nine Emmy Award nominations, winning twice for Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Music Program for Carol, Carl, Whoopi and Robin (1987), and ABC Presents A Royal Gala (1988).\nThroughout the course of his film and television career, he won numerous awards. He received four Academy Award nominations, including three consecutive nominations for his performances in Good Morning, Vietnam (1988), Dead Poets Society (1989), and The Fisher King (1991). He received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the drama Good Will Hunting (1997) directed by Gus Van Sant and co-written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck. Williams also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), The Fisher King (1991) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), along with the Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for his role Genie in Aladdin (1992), and Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005. In 2009 he received the Disney Legends award.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\n\n\n=== British Academy Film Awards ===\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Screen Actors Guild",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Hook (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Early notable releases in the hood film genre include Colors (1988) and Do the Right Thing (1989). The latter in particular has been credited with ushering in the hood film zeitgeist in the 1990s due to its popular success.\nCritics such as Murray Forman have credited the popular emergence of hood-films with the simultaneous emergence of gangsta rap as a popular music genre in the 1990Hook is a 1991 American fantasy adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It stars Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan, Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook, Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell, Bob Hoskins as Smee, Maggie Smith as Wendy, Caroline Goodall as Moira Banning, and Charlie Korsmo as Jack Banning. It acts as a sequel to J.M. Barrie's 1911 novel Peter and Wendy focusing on an adult Peter Pan who has forgotten all about his childhood. In his new life, he is known as Peter Banning, a successful but unimaginative and workaholic corporate lawyer with a wife (Wendy's granddaughter) and two children. However, when Captain Hook, the enemy of his past, kidnaps his children, he returns to Neverland in order to save them. Along the journey he reclaims the memories of his past.HHook is a 1991 American fantasy adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It stars Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan, Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook, Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell, Bob Hoskins as Smee, Maggie Smith as Wendy, Caroline Goodall as Moira Banning, and Charlie Korsmo as Jack Banning. It acts as a sequel to J.M. Barrie's 1911 novel Peter and Wendy focusing on an adult Peter Pan who has forgotten all about his childhood. In his new life, he is known as Peter Banning, a successful but unimaginative and workaholic corporate lawyer with a wife (Wendy's granddaughter) and two children. However, when Captain Hook, the enemy of his past, kidnaps his children, he returns to Neverland in order to save them. Along the journey he reclaims the memories of his past.sta rap), street gangs, racial discrimination, organized crime/gangster, gang affiliation scenes, drug use and trafficking, and the problems of young people coming of age or struggling amid the relative poverty and violent neighborhoods. Hood films tell predominantly masculine stories, however some films within the genre (such as Set It Off) have women-focused stories.\nBritish hood films also use music genres such as grime, and generally depict aspects of urban Black British culture, particularly within inner-city London.\n\n\n== Critical definitions ==\nCritic Murray Forman notes that the \"spatial logic\" of hip-hop culture, with heavy emphasis on place-based identity, locates \"black youth urban experience within an environment of continual proximate danger,\" and this quality defines the hood film. In a 1992 essay in Cineaction, Canadian critic Rinaldo Walcott identified the hood film's primary concerns as issues of masculinity and \"(re)gaining manhood for black men.\"\n\n\n== History ==\n\nEarly notable releases in the hood film genre include Colors (1988) and Do the Right Thing (1989). The latter in particular has been credited with ushering in the hood film zeitgeist in the 1990s due to its popular success.\nCritics such as Murray Forman have credited the popular emergence of hood-films with the simultaneous emergence of gangsta rap as a popular music genre in the 1990Hook is a 1991 American fantasy adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It stars Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan, Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook, Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell, Bob Hoskins as Smee, Maggie Smith as Wendy, Caroline Goodall as Moira Banning, and Charlie Korsmo as Jack Banning. It acts as a sequel to J.M. Barrie's 1911 novel Peter and Wendy focusing on an adult Peter Pan who has forgotten all about his childhood. In his new life, he is known as Peter Banning, a successful but unimaginative and workaholic corporate lawyer with a wife (Wendy's granddaughter) and two children. However, when Captain Hook, the enemy of his past, kidnaps his children, he returns to Neverland in order to save them. Along the journey he reclaims the memories of his past.Hood film is a 1990s film genre originating in the United States, which features aspects of urban African American or Hispanic American culture. John Singleton, Mario Van Peebles, F. Gary Gray, Hughes Brothers, and Spike Lee are all directors who have created work typically classified as part of this genre. The genre has been identified as a sub-genre of the gangster film genre.\nThe genre has since spread outside the U.S., to places such as the United Kingdom and Canada.\nHood films have been variously described under a wide-array of names by critics, such as 'street-gang', 'ghetto-centric', 'action-crime-adventure', 'gangsta rap films', 'black action films', 'new black realism', 'new jack cinema', and 'black urban cinema'. Spike Lee disparagingly referred to the genre as 'hiphop, urban drama, ghetto film'.\n\n\n== Criteria ==\nCharacteristics include hip hop music (including gangsta rap), street gangs, racial discrimination, organized crime/gangster, gang affiliation scenes, drug use and trafficking, and the problems of young people coming of age or struggling amid the relative poverty and violent neighborhoods. Hood films tell predominantly masculine stories, however some films within the genre (such as Set It Off) have women-focused stories.\nBritish hood films also use music genres such as grime, and generally depict aspects of urban Black British culture, particularly within inner-city London.\n\n\n== Critical definitions ==\nCritic",
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] | Which accolade was bestowed upon the actor portraying Peter Pan in the film Hook? | [
{
"id": 60336,
"question": "who played peter pan in the movie hook",
"answer": "Robin Williams",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 169233,
"question": "#1 >> award received",
"answer": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor | [] | true | What award did the actor who played Peter Pan in the movie Hook receive? |
2hop__13986_161674 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "John, King of England",
"paragraph_text": ", raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. His judicial reforms had a lasting effect on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute he finally settled in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed because of the French victory over John's allies at the Battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Magna Carta was drafted as a peace treaty between John and the barons, and agreed in 1215. However, neither side complied with its conditions and civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Prince Louis of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted while on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.\nContemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a \"hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general\". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as \"distasteful, even dangerous personality traits\", such as pettiness, spitefulness, and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in Robin Hood folklore.\n\n\n== Early life (1166–1189) ==\n\n\n=== Childhood and the Angevin inheritance ===\nJohn was born on 24 December 1166. His father, King Henry II of England, had inherited significant territories along the Atlantic seaboard — Anjou, Normandy and England — and expanded his empire by conquering Brittany. John's mother was Eleanor, the powerful duchess of Aquitaine, who had a tenuous claim to Toulouse and Auvergne in southern France and was the former wife of King Louis VII of France. The territories of Henry and Eleanor formed the Angevin Empire, named after Henry's paternal title as Count of Anjou and, more specifically, its seat in Angers. The Empire, however, was inherently fragile: although all the lands owed allegiance to Henry, the disparate parts each had their own histories, traditions and governance structures. As one moved south through Anjou and Aquitaine, the extent of Henry's power in the provinces diminished considerably, scarcely resembling the modern concept of an empire at all. Some of the traditional ties between parts of the empire such as Normandy and England were slowly dissolving over time. The future of the empire upon Henry's eventual death was not secure: although the custom of primogeniture, under which an eldest son would inherit all his father's lands, was slowly becoming more widespread across Europe, it was less popular amongst the Norman kings of England. Most believed that Henry would divide the empire, giving each son a substantial portion, and hoping that his children would continue to work together as allies after his death. To complicate matters, much of the Angevin empire was held by Henry only as aHenry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184.JHenry the Young King fought a short war with his brother Richard in 1183 over the status of England, Normandy and Aquitaine. Henry II moved in support of Richard, and Henry the Young King died from dysentery at the end of the campaign. With his primary heir dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made King of England, albeit without any actual power until the death of his father; Geoffrey would retain Brittany; and John would now become the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard. Richard refused to give up Aquitaine; Henry II was furious and ordered John, with help from Geoffrey, to march south and retake the duchy by force. The two attacked the capital of Poitiers, and Richard responded by attacking Brittany. The war ended in stalemate and a tense family reconciliation in England at the end of 1184. failed revolt of 1173–1174 by his brothers Henry the Young King, Richard, and Geoffrey against the King. John was appointed Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. He unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against the royal administrators of his brother, King Richard I, while Richard was participating in the Third Crusade, but he was proclaimed king after Richard died in 1199. He came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognise John's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200.\nWhen war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton, and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. He spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. His judicial reforms had a lasting effect on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute he finally settled in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed because of the French victory over John's allies at the Battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Magna Carta was drafted as a peace treaty between John and the barons, and agreed in 1215. However, neither side complied with its conditions and civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Prince Louis of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted while on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.\nContemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a \"hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general\". Nonetheless,",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Third Crusade",
"paragraph_text": " Sybilla, sister of Baldwin IV, crowned herself queen and her husband, Guy of Lusignan, king. Raynald of Châtillon, who had supported Sybilla's claim to the throne, raided a rich caravan travelling from Egypt to Syria, and had its travelers thrown in prison, thereby breaking a truce between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and Saladin. Saladin demanded the release of the prisoners and their cargo. The newly crowned King Guy appealed to Raynald to give in to Saladin's demands, but Raynald refused to follow the king's orders.\nThis final act of outrage by Raynald gave Saladin the opportunity he needed to take the offensive against the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and in 1187 he laid siege to the city of Tiberias. Raymond advised patience, but Guy, acting on advice from Raynald, marched his army to the Horns of Hattin outside of Tiberias. Saladin's forces fought the Frankish army, thirsty and demoralized, and destroyed it in the ensuingRichard had intended to return to England when he heard the news that Saladin and his army had captured Jaffa. Richard and a small force of little more than 2,000 men went to Jaffa by sea in a surprise attack. Richard's forces stormed Jaffa from their ships and the Ayyubids, who had been unprepared for a naval attack, were driven from the city. Richard freed those of the Crusader garrison who had been made prisoner, and these troops helped to reinforce the numbers of his army. Saladin's army still had numerical superiority, however, and they counter-attacked. Saladin intended a stealthy surprise attack at dawn, but his forces were discovered; he proceeded with his attack, but his men were lightly armoured and lost 700 men killed due to the missiles of the large numbers of Crusader crossbowmen. The battle to retake Jaffa ended in complete failure for Saladin, who was forced to retreat. This battle greatly strengthened the position of the coastal Crusader states.On 2 September 1192, following his defeat at Jaffa, Saladin was forced to finalize a treaty with Richard providing that Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, while allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and traders to visit the city. Ascalon was a contentious issue as it threatened communication between Saladin's dominions inRichard had intended to return to England when he heard the news that Saladin and his army had captured Jaffa. Richard and a small force of little more than 2,000 men went to Jaffa by sea in a surprise attack. Richard's forces stormed Jaffa from their ships and the Ayyubids, who had been unprepared for a naval attack, were driven from the city. Richard freed those of the Crusader garrison who had been made prisoner, and these troops helped to reinforce the numbers of his army. Saladin's army still had numerical superiority, however, and they counter-attacked. Saladin intended a stealthy surprise attack at dawn, but his forces were discovered; he proceeded with his attack, but his men were lightly armoured and lost 700 men killed due to the missiles of the large numbers of Crusader crossbowmen. The battle to retake Jaffa ended in complete failure for Saladin, who was forced to retreat. This battle greatly strengthened the position of the coastal Crusader states.On 2 September 1192, following his defeat at Jaffa, Saladin was forced to finalize a treaty with Richard providing that Jerusalem would remain under Muslim control, while allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and traders to visit the city. Ascalon was a contentious issue as it threatened communication between Saladin's dominions in Egypt and Syria; it was eventually agreed that Ascalon, with its defences demolished, be returned to Saladin's control. Richard departed the Holy Land on 9 October 1192.m, but he died whilst crossing a river on 10 June 1190 before reaching the Holy Land. His death caused tremendous grief among the German Crusaders, and most of his troops returned home.\nAfter the Crusaders had driven the Ayyubid army from Acre, Philip—in company with Frederick's successor in command of the German crusaders, Leopold V, Duke of Austria—left the Holy Land in August 119",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which month did the individual that Henry engaged in a brief conflict with in 1183 depart from the holy land? | [
{
"id": 13986,
"question": "Who did Henry fight a short war with in 1183?",
"answer": "Richard",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 161674,
"question": "What month did #1 go away from the Holy Land?",
"answer": "October",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | October | [
"Oct"
] | true | What month did the person with whom Henry fought a short war in 1183 go away from the holy land? |
2hop__128342_375952 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Los Alamos, California",
"paragraph_text": " S. Bell, and Dr. James B. Shaw (all from San Francisco), purchased acreage from Rancho Los Alamos and neighboring Rancho La Laguna. Both families allocated a half square mile from each of their new ranches to create the Los Alamos town site with \"Centennial Street\" as the central thoroughfare.\nThe Los Alamos Valley prospered and grew quickly serving as a popular stagecoach stop from 1861 to 1901. The Union Hotel opened in 1880 to serve overnight travelers. The narrow-gauge Pacific Coast Railway also ran to Los Alamos from San Luis Obispo between 1882 and 1940. Oil was discovered at the Orcutt field in the hills north of Valley in 1901, and in the Purisima Hills south of the valley at the Lompoc Oil Field in 1903, providing more economic prosperity. The town flagpole at Centennial and Bell Street was dedicated in 1918. The Chamber of Commerce was active from 1920 to 1932 and instrumental in forming a lighting district, obtaining telephone service, street paving and mail service. Residents today still pick-up their mail from the Post Office downtown, as no street delivery is available.\nLos Alamos, California, is home to the last standing Pacific Coast Railroad Station, and is now also home to various wine tasting rooms, fine dining establishments, and antique stores.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.9 square miles (10 square kilometres), 99.98 percent of it land and 0.02 percent of it water.\nLos Alamos is located near the Santa Ynez Valley in the heart ofLos Alamos (Spanish for \"The Cottonwoods\") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Although located in the Los Alamos Valley, the town of Los Alamos is usually considered to be a part of the Santa Ynez Valley community. Los Alamos is also connected to other cities Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, Buellton, Solvang, and other Santa Barbara County cities. It is northwest of Los Angeles and south of San Francisco. The population was 1,890 at the 2010 census, up from 1,372 at the 2000 census.LLos Alamos (Spanish for \"The Cottonwoods\") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Although located in the Los Alamos Valley, the town of Los Alamos is usually considered to be a part of the Santa Ynez Valley community. Los Alamos is also connected to other cities Vandenberg AFB, Lompoc, Buellton, Solvang, and other Santa Barbara County cities. It is northwest of Los Angeles and south of San Francisco. The population was 1,890 at the 2010 census, up from 1,372 at the 2000 census., down from 1,890 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Los Alamos as a census-designated place (CDP).\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1839, José Antonio de la Guerra, a son of José de la Guerra y Noriega received the Rancho Los Alamos Mexican land grant. The hills above Rancho Los Alamos served as a hideout for bandito, Salomon Pico, whose escapades were popularized by the character \"Zorro\". During the U.S.'s centennial year of 1876, Thomas Bell along with his nephew John S. Bell, and Dr. James B. Shaw (all from San Francisco), purchased acreage from Rancho Los Alamos and neighboring Rancho La Laguna. Both families allocated a half square mile from each of their new ranches to create the Los Alamos town site with \"Centennial Street\" as the central thoroughfare.\nThe Los Alamos Valley prospered and grew quickly serving as a popular stagecoach stop from 1861 to 1901. The Union Hotel opened in 1880 to serve overnight travelers. The narrow-gauge Pacific Coast Railway also ran to Los Alamos from San Luis Obispo between 1882 and 1940. Oil was discovered at the Orcutt field in the hills",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "KABG",
"paragraph_text": " of 'Kabi Lungchok', pronounced ‘Kayu sha bhi Lungchok’, is \"stone erected by our blood.\" Life-size statues of the Lepcha and Bhutia 'blood-brothers' who signed the treaty has been erected here.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe history of Kabi Lungchok and that of Lepchas are closely linked, considered the original ethnic community who came to Sikkim from Tibet to escape from the rivalry between the \"Yellow Hats\" and the \"Red Hats\" sects of Vajrayana Buddhism of Tibet. Many people of the Red Hat sect of Tibetans migrated to Sikkim.\nLepchas themselves were reported to be originally Nagas of the Mikir, Garo and Khasi hills who came to Sikkim and absorbed into their fold the pre-historic tribes of Naong, Chang and the Mon of Sikkim according to the Official History of SKABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico.KabiKABG (98.5 MHz) is an American radio station licensed to Los Alamos, New Mexico serving the Santa Fe and Albuquerque radio markets. It is owned by American General Media and has a classic hits format playing top 40 hits mostly from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos, New Mexico. Bhot who settled down in Sikkim from the 14th century onwards, ceremonially signed a \"Treaty of Blood Brotherhood\" with religious fervour. Stone pillars mark the location where the treaty was signed. The Treaty was signed at Kabi Lungchok by the Bhot King, Khye Bumsa representing the Bhutias and the Lepcha Chief Thekong Tek. The literal meaning of 'Kabi Lungchok', pronounced ‘Kayu sha bhi Lungchok’, is \"stone erected by our blood.\" Life-size statues of the Lepcha and Bhutia 'blood-brothers' who signed the treaty has been erected here.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe history of Kabi Lungchok and that of Lepchas are closely linked, considered the original ethnic community who came to Sikkim from Tibet to escape from the rivalry between the \"Yellow Hats\" and the \"Red Hats\" sects of Vajrayana Buddhism of Tibet. Many people of the Red Hat sect of Tibetans migrated to Sikkim.\nLepchas themselves were reported to be originally Nagas of the Mikir, Garo and Khasi hills who came to Sikkim and absorbed into their fold the pre-historic tribes of Naong, Chang and the Mon",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What county is home to the city known as KABG? | [
{
"id": 128342,
"question": "What city is KABG located?",
"answer": "Los Alamos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 375952,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Santa Barbara County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Santa Barbara County | [
"Santa Barbara County, California"
] | true | In which county is the city of KABG located? |
3hop1__465684_160545_60577 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bodindecha",
"paragraph_text": "วียงจันทน์) and for campaigns during the Siamese-Vietnamese Wars of 1831–1834 and 1841–1845.Chao Phraya Bodindecha (Thai: เจ้าพระยาบดินทรเดชา, Khmer: ���� ������ ��������, 13 January 1776 – 24 June 1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (สิงห์ สิงหเสนี), was a prominent military figure of the early Rattanakosin Kingdom period during the reign of King Rama III. Bodindecha hold the post of Samuha Nayok (สมุหนายก) the Prime Minister of Northern Siam from 1827 to 1849. He was known for his leading roles in putting down the Laotian Rebellion of King Anouvong of Vientiane (กบ��เจ้าอนุวง��์) and Siamese-Vietnamese Wars in 1831–1834 and 1841–1845 (อานัมสยามยุท��). His descendants bear the surname Sinhaseni (สิงหเสนี).\n\n\n== Life ==\nBodindecha was born on 13 January 1776 in modern Phra Nakhon District during the Thonburi Kingdom period, with personal name Sing (lit. \"Lion\"), as the fourth child to Chaophraya Aphairacha Pin. His mother was Lady Fug. His father, Chaophraya Aphairacha Pin, had served as Samuha Kalahom (สมุหกลา��หม) the Prime Minister of Southern Siam from 1805 to 1809 during the reign of King Rama I. Aphairacha had his son Sing become a royal page of Prince Isarasundhorn. The prince was later crowned as King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai and Sing was transferred to the service under Prince Maha Senanurak the Front Palace. He joined his lord in the campaign against Burmese Invasion of Phuket in 1809 and rose through ranks in Front Palace Police Bureau. He was later made Phraya Kasettraraksa the Head of Agriculture Department of the Front Palace.\nChao Phraya Bodindecha (, , 1777–1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (), was one of the most prominent political and military figures of the early Bangkok Rattanakosin Kingdom. Bodindecha was both a top military general () and Chief Minister in charge of civilian affairs as the \"Akkhra Maha Senabodi\" () of the \"Samuha Nayok\" ) during the reign of King Rama III. He was known for putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828} (ปราบกบฎ) of Lord Anouvong of Vientiane (เจ้าอนุวงศ์ เวียงจันทน์) and for campaigns during the Siamese-Vietnamese Wars of 1831–1834 and 1841–1845.เจ้าอนุวง��์) and Siamese-Vietnamese Wars in 1831–1834 and 1841–1845 (อาChao Phraya Bodindecha (, , 1777–1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (), was one of the most prominent political and military figures of the early Bangkok Rattanakosin Kingdom. Bodindecha was both a top military general () and Chief Minister in charge of civilian affairs as the \"Akkhra Maha Senabodi\" () of the \"Samuha Nayok\" ) during the reign of King Rama III. He was known for putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828} (ปราบกบ��) of Lord Anouvong of Vient",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n==Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Beach (film)",
"paragraph_text": "affy explains that he settled there in secret several years earlier, but difficulties arose and he left. Daffy dies by suicide, leaving Richard a map to the island. Richard persuades Françoise and Étienne to accompany him to the island, and the three travel to Ko Samui. Richard meets two American surfers who have heard rumors of the island and he gives them a copy of the map.\nEn route to the island, Richard becomes infatuated with Françoise. After swimming to the island from a neighbouring island, they find a cannabis plantation guarded by armed Thai farmers. Avoiding detection, they make their way across the island and meet Keaty, who brings them to aControversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Leh to make it more ``paradise - like ''. The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach. Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed. Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004. released on 11 February 2000, by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box office success, grossing $144 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack, and DiCaprio's performance, but criticized it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book's themes and social commentary. \n\n\n== Plot ==\nRichard, a young American backpacker seeking adventure in Bangkok, stays in a drab travelers' hotel on Khao San Road where he meets a young French couple, Françoise and Étienne. He also meets Daffy, who tells him of a pristine, uninhabited island in the Gulf of Thailand with a beautiful hidden beach. Daffy explains that he settled there in secret several years earlier, but difficulties arose and he left. Daffy dies by suicide, leaving Richard a map to the island. Richard persuades Françoise and Étienne to accompany him to the island, and the three travel to Ko Samui. Richard meets two American surfers who have heard rumors of the island and he gives them a copy of the map.\nEn route to the island, Richard becomes infatuated with Françoise. After swimming to the island from a neighbouring island, they find a cannabis plantation guarded by armed Thai farmers. Avoiding detection, they make their way across the island and meet Keaty, who brings them to a community of travellers living on the island in secret. Sal, the community's English leader, explains thatThe Beach is a 2000 English - language drama film directed by Danny Boyle and based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Alex Garland, which was adapted for the film by John Hodge. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tilda Swinton, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet, and Robert Carlyle. It was filmed on the Thai island Koh Phi Phi.The Beach is a 2000 adventure drama film directed by Danny Boyle, from a screenplay by John Hodge, based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Alex Garland. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tilda Swinton, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet, and Robert Carlyle. It was filmed on the Thai island of Ko Phi Phi Le.\nThe film was released on 11 February 2000, by 20th Century Fox. It was a moderate box office success, grossing $144 million against a $50 million budget, but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics, who praised the film's scenery, soundtrack, and DiCaprio's performance, but criticized it as a muddled adaptation that loses the book",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which location within the nation where Bodindecha passed away, was the film 'The Beach' shot? | [
{
"id": 465684,
"question": "Bodindecha >> place of birth",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 60577,
"question": "where did they film the beach in #2",
"answer": "Ko Phi Phi Leh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Ko Phi Phi Leh | [
"Ko Phi Phi Le"
] | true | Where did they film The Beach in the country where Bodindecha died? |
3hop1__791757_15840_36002 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Sega Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. It took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. Bill Mensch, the co-creator of the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor and founder of the Western Design Center (WDC), gave Ricoh the exclusive right to supply 8-bit and 16-bit WDC microprocessors for the new system. Meanwhile, Sony engineer Ken Kutaragi reached an agreement with Nintendo to design the console's sound chip without notifying his supervisors, who were enraged when they discovered the project; though Kutaragi was nearly fired, then-CEO Norio Ohga intervened in support of the project and gave him permission to complete it.\nOn September 9, 1987, then-Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi revealed the development of the Super Famicom in the newspaper Kyoto Shimbun. On August 30, 1988, in an interview with TOUCH Magazine, Yamauchi announced the development of Super Mario Bros. 4, Dragon Quest V, three original games, and he projected sales of 3 million units of the upcoming console. Famicom Hissyoubon magazine speculated that Yamauchi's early announcement was probably made to forestall Christmas shopping for the PC Engine, and relayed Enix's clarification that it was waiting on sales figures to select either PC Engine or Super Famicom for its next Dragon Quest game. The magazine and Enix both expressed a strong interest in networking as a standard platform feature. The console was demonstrated to the Japanese press on November 21, 1988, and again on July 28, 1989.\n\n\n=== Launch ===\n\nDesigned by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990, for ¥25,000 (equivalent to ¥27,804 in 2019). It was an instant success. Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within hours, and the resulting social disturbance led the Japanese government to ask video game manufacturers to schedule future console releases on weekends. This gained the attention of the yakuza criminal organizations, so the devices were shipped at night to avoid robbery.\nWith the Super Famicom quickly outselling its rivals, Nintendo reasserted itself as the leader of the Japanese console market. Nintendo's success was partially due to the retention of most of its key third-party developers, including Capcom, Konami, Tecmo, Square, Koei, and Enix.\nNintendo released the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a redesigned version of the Super Famicom, in North America for US$199 (equivalent to $450 in 2023). It began shipping in limited quantities on August 23, 1991, with an official nationwide release date of September 9, 1991. The Super NES was released in the UnitedTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping.TheTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. same, several forms of regional lockout prevent cartridges for one version from being used in other versions.\nThe Super NES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time, like the Sega Genesis. It was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated into game cartridges to be more competitive into the next generation.\nThe Super NES received largely positive reviews and was a global success, becoming the best selling console of the 16-bit era after launching relatively late and facing intense competition from Sega's Genesis console in North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Sega Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. It took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. Bill Mensch, the co-creator of the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor and founder of the Western Design Center (WDC), gave Ricoh the exclusive right to supply 8-bit and 16-bit WDC microprocessors for the new system. Meanwhile, Sony engineer Ken Kutaragi reached an agreement with Nintendo to design the console's sound chip without notifying his supervisors, who were enraged when they discovered the project; though Kutaragi was nearly fired, then-CEO Norio Ohga intervened in support of the project and gave him permission to complete it.\nOn September 9, 1987, then-Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi revealed the development of the Super Famicom in the newspaper Kyoto Shimbun. On August 30, 1988, in an interview with",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Knight Rider (video game)",
"paragraph_text": " are featured, starting with a drive from Los Angeles to San Francisco and ending back in Los Angeles. KITT can be upgraded with more fuel and shield capacities. It can also have its top speed upgraded, and how many lasers/missiles it starts with. In the first six missions, there are allies, represented by Knight trucks who will give a powerup to the player.\n\n\n=== Mission mode ===\nTerrorists have raided a U.S. military site; only a man and his robotic car can chase them across the United States to stop their evil plan. A time limit helps put pressure on the player as he attempts to defeat the terrorist forces. There are three types of vehicles in this mode: Red (enemies), blue (civilians) and yellow (enemies who carry powerups). KITT has structural shielding; however the vehicle is considered destroyed if it repeatedly crashes or enemy gunfire depletes the shielding. Despite the non-violent premise of the television show, \"Mission Mode\" makes use of firearms as way to enhance play, similar to RoadBlasters. Shooting non-combatant (blue) vehicles deducts from the timer, making the completion of a level more difficult. After every third level, Devon will offer the player a password that can be used to resume the journey from that point.\n\n\n=== Drive mode ===\nThere is also a drive mode that allows players to go on a simple drive through the game's stages without weapons or enemy fire.\n\n\n== Music ==\nThe game pointedly does not include the iconic theme from the Knight Rider television show.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nKnight Rider franchise\n\n\n== References ==Knight Rider (ナイトライダー Naito Raidā) is a racing video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System that is very loosely based on the television show of the same name.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nThe gameplay is simple: There are fifteen cities that are featured, starting with a drive from Los Angeles to San Francisco and ending back in Los Angeles. KITT can be upgraded with more fuel and shield capacities. It can also have its top speed upgraded, and how many lasers/missiles it starts with. In the first six missions, there are allies, represented by Knight trucks who will give a powerup to the player.\n\n\n=== Mission mode ===\nTerrorists have raided a U.S. military site; only a man and his robotic car can chase them across the United States to stop their evil plan. A time limit helps put pressure on the player as he attempts to defeat the terrorist forces. There are three types of vehicles in this mode: Red (enemies), blue (civilians) and yellow (Knight Rider is a racing video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System that is very loosely based on the television show of the same name.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": "The Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the video game crash of 1983, and pioneered a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers to produce and distribute games. The NES features several groundbreaking games, including Super Mario Bros. (1985), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Metroid (1986), and Mega Man (1987) which have become major franchises. \nThe NES dominated Japanese and North American markets, but initially underperformed in Europe where it faced strong competition from the Sega Master System and microcomputers. With 61.91 million units sold, it is one of the best-selling consoles of all time. It was succeeded in 1990 by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Background ===\n\nThe video game industry experienced rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What benefits did the Genesis system have compared to the platform on which Knight Rider was released? | [
{
"id": 791757,
"question": "Knight Rider >> platform",
"answer": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 15840,
"question": "What is the abbreviation of #1 ?",
"answer": "NES",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 36002,
"question": "What were the Genesis's advantages over the #2 ?",
"answer": "built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound | [
"16-bit",
"16-bit architecture"
] | true | What were the Genesis's advantages over the system Knight Rider came out on? |
4hop1__324759_765799_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Pierce Manufacturing",
"paragraph_text": " all its own aerial devices in-house). Such aerial manufacturers included Snorkel, Pitman, Aerial Innovations (AI), Ladder Towers Incorporated (LTI), Smeal, Bronto Skylift and Nova Quintech (whose assets Pierce/Oshkosh acquired in 1997). In addition to its main facilities in Wisconsin, it also has facilities in Bradenton, Florida. The Florida facility is a manufacturing site for the custom Saber chassis and Responder line of apparatus. Currently (December 4, 2017) Pierce is the largest manufacturer of firefighting apparatus in the United States. End-users are represented across a larger majority of the planet, including China. The single largest municipal fleet of Pierce Manufacturing apparatus is located within the 407 square miles of Fairfax County, Virginia. (Fairfax County Fire and Rescue Department)\nIn September 2021, Pierce acquired an ownership interest in fire engine manufacturer Boise Mobile Equipment (BME) of Boise, Idaho.\n\n\n== Products ==\n\n\n=== Custom chassis ===\n\n\n==== Discontinued ====\n\nArrow (1980–2002)\nContender (1999–2010)\nDash (1984–1999)\nDash D-8000 (1988Pierce Manufacturing is an American, Appleton, Wisconsin-based manufacturer of custom fire and rescue apparatus and a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation. Pierce was acquired by Oshkosh in 1996 and is currently the largest fire apparatus company in the world. The company was founded in 1913 by Humphrey Pierce and his son Dudley as the Pierce Auto Body Works Inc., and concentrated on building custom truck bodies for the Ford Model T. The first production facility was designed in 1917 and enlarged in 1918 by architect Wallace W. DeLong. From the 1960s to the early 1980s, Pierce was primarily known for building custom bodies on commercial and other manufacturer's custom chassis, and was considered an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).Pierce Manufacturing is an American, Appleton, Wisconsin-based manufacturer of custom fire and rescue apparatus and a wholly owned subsidiary of Oshkosh Corporation. Pierce was acquired by Oshkosh in 1996 and is currently the largest fire apparatus company in the world. The company was founded in 1913 by Humphrey Pierce and his son Dudley as the Pierce Auto Body Works Inc., and concentrated on building custom truck bodies for the Ford Model T. The first production facility was designed in 1917 and enlarged in 1918 by architect Wallace W. DeLong. From the 1960s to the early 1980s, Pierce was primarily known for building custom bodies on commercial and other manufacturer's custom chassis, and was considered an original equipment manufacturer (OEM).).\nAlthough the Arrow name was used for its first custom chassis which debuted in 1979, the company has no affiliation with George N. Pierce's famous Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company of Buffalo, New York, which operated from 1901 to 1938. However, the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company coincidentally supplied 8- and 12-cylinder engines to Seagrave for use in their fire apparatus. These engines continued to be made even after Pierce-Arrow ceased operation in 1938. Seagrave continued to deliver fire apparatus with the \"Pierce-Arrow\" V-12 until 1970.\nThroughout the years, Pierce has had partnerships with various other manufacturers, notably when it came to aerial devices (it now engineers and builds all its own aerial devices in-house). Such aerial manufacturers included Snorkel, Pitman, Aerial Innovations (AI), Ladder Towers Incorporated (LTI), S",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B. T. Rogers (Rep.), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an \"Independent Democrat\" but was now the Democratic nominee). He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements. \nHe was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D. J. Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P. P. Wing, a Republican. Even though he was re-elected running against a Democrat, he is listed in the 1880 Wisconsin Blue Book as a \"Greenback Democrat\": there were 71 Republicans, 27 Democrats, Petersen (listed separately asJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).== Background ==\nPetersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842. He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation. Petersen came to Wisconsin in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": " rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic,Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State AssemblyBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the name of the capital for the county neighboring the one where the central office of Pierce Manufacturing can be found? | [
{
"id": 324759,
"question": "Pierce Manufacturing >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 765799,
"question": "#1 >> capital of",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the capital of the county that shares a border with the county where the headquarters of Pierce Manufacturing is located? |
2hop__24661_66233 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "away Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The HalifaxIn Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city., is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 22nd-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. The Research Triangle, with an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023, is the second-most populous combined metropolitan area in the state, 31st-most populous in the United States, and is home to the largest research park in the United States, Research Triangle Park.\nThe earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the Hardaway Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution.\nOn November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the Confederate States of America. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world's first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina's Outer Banks. North Carolina often uses the slogan \"First in Flight\" on state license plates to commemorate this achievement, alongside a newer alternative design bearing the slogan \"First in Freedom\" in reference to the Mecklenburg Declaration and Halifax Resolves.\nNorth Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the Appalachian Mountains to the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain. North Carolina's Mount Mitchell at 6,684 ft (2",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2018–19 NHL season",
"paragraph_text": " a trial during the 2018 All-Star Game and China games, the NHL began to allow teams to sell on-ice advertising placements in the corners of the rink. NHL chief revenue officer Keith Wachtel estimated that these new placements could provide up to $10 million in additional revenue to teams per season. During the playoffs, these advertising areas will be controlled by the league.\n\n\n=== Sports betting ===\nOn October 29, 2018, it was announced that MGM Resorts International would become the NHL's \"official sports wagering partner\" in the United States. This deal includes direct access to new forms of internal statistics data, as well as brand licensing agreements in relation to its sportsbooks, and came in the wake of a court ruling earlier in the year which declared the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (a U.S. law that forbade the legalization of sports betting outside of Nevada and other exempted states) to be unconstitutional.\n\n\n=== Expansion ===\nOn December 4, 2018, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman officially announced that the league had approved an expansion team in Seattle, later christened the Seattle Kraken, which is planned to begin play in the 2021–22 season. To accommodate the addition in 2021, the new team will be placed in the Pacific Division, while the Arizona Coyotes will be moved to the Central Division.\n\n\n=== Draft ===\nThe 2018 NHL Entry Draft was held June 22 and 23, 2018. The Buffalo Sabres, by virtue of winning the draft lottery on April 28, held the first overall selection, using it to select defenceman Rasmus Dahlin.\n\n\n=== Preseason games in China ===\nTwo preseason games were played in China. The Calgary Flames and Boston Bruins played one game (Calgary as home team) at the Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center in Shenzhen on September 15, 2018, and played another (Boston asThe 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.TheThe 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June. St. Louis Blues winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Boston Bruins in seven games.\n\n\n== League business ==\n\n\n=== Salary cap ===\nOn June 21, 2018, the National Hockey League Players' Association announced that the salary cap would be set at $79.5 million per team for the 2018–19 season.\n\n\n=== Rule changes ===\nNo major rule changes have been implemented this season.\n\n\n=== On-ice ads in the rink corners ===\nAfter a trial during the 2018 All-Star Game and China games, the NHL began to allow teams to sell on-ice advertising placements in the corners of the rink. NHL chief revenue officer Keith Wachtel estimated that these new placements could provide up to $10 million in additional revenue to teams per season. During the playoffs, these advertising areas will be controlled by the league.\n\n\n=== Sports betting ===\nOn October 29, 2018, it was announced that MGM Resorts International would become the NHL's \"official sports wagering partner\" in the United States. This deal includes direct access to new forms of internal statistics data, as well as brand licensing agreements in relation to its sportsbooks, and came in the wake of a court ruling earlier in the year which declared the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (a U.S. law that forbade the legalization of sports betting outside of Nevada and other exempted states) to be unconstitutional.\n\n\n=== Expansion ===\nOn December 4, 2018, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman officially announced that the league had approved an expansion team in Seattle, later christened the Seattle Kraken, which is planned to begin play in the 2021–22 season. To accommodate the addition in 2021, the new team will be placed in the Pacific Division, while the Arizona Coyotes will be moved to the Central Division.\n\n\n=== Draft ===\nThe 2018 NHL Entry Draft was held June 22 and 23, 2018. The Buffalo Sabres, by virtue of winning the draft lottery on April 28, held the first overall selection, using it to select defenceman Rasmus Dahlin.\n\n\n=== Preseason games in China ===\nTwo preseason games were played in China. The Calgary Flames and Boston Bruins played one game (Calgary as home team) at the Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center in Shenzhen on September 15, 2018, and played another (Boston asThe 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.The 2018–19 NHL season was the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and ended on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 10, 2019, and the Stanley Cup Finals concluded on June 12, 2019, with the St. Louis Blues winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Boston Bruins in seven games.\n\n\n== League business ==\n\n\n=== Salary cap ===\nOn June 21, 2018, the National Hockey League Players' Association announced that the salary cap would be set at $79.5 million per team for the 2018–19 season.\n\n\n=== Rule changes ===\nNo major rule changes have been implemented this season.\n\n\n=== On-ice ads in the rink corners ===\nAfter a trial during the 2018 All-Star Game and China games, the NHL began to allow teams to sell on-ice advertising placements in the corners of the rink. NHL chief revenue",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the commencement date for the upcoming season of the league in which the Carolina Hurricanes compete? | [
{
"id": 24661,
"question": "What league do the Carolina Hurricanes belong to?",
"answer": "NHL",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 66233,
"question": "when does the new season of #1 start",
"answer": "October 3, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | October 3, 2018 | [] | true | When does the new season of the Carolina Hurricanes' league start? |
4hop2__9988_158279_70784_79935 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Shiraz",
"paragraph_text": ", citrus fruits, cotton and rice. Industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries. 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz.ShShiraz is the economic center of southern Iran. The second half of the 19th century witnessed certain economic developments that greatly changed the economy of Shiraz. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed the extensive import into southern Iran of inexpensive European factory-made goods, either directly from Europe or via India. Farmers in unprecedented numbers began planting cash crops such as opium poppy, tobacco, and cotton. Many of these export crops passed through Shiraz on their way to the Persian Gulf. Iranian long-distance merchants from Fars developed marketing networks for these commodities, establishing trading houses in Bombay, Calcutta, Port Said, Istanbul and even Hong Kong.Shiraz's economic base is in its provincial products, which include grapes, citrus fruits, cotton and rice. Industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries. 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz.tesiphon, where Shirin took the cross in her palace.\nLong after her death Shirin became an important heroine of Persian literature, as a model of a faithful lover and wife. She appears in the Shahnameh and the romance Khosrow and Shirin by Nizami Ganjavi (1141−",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian PeninsulaThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "History of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "For much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930. 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to modern-day Pakistan in the east) in a matter of decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661–750), Abbasid (750–1517), and Fatimid (909–1171) caliphates, as well as numerous other dynasties in Asia, Africa, and Europe.\nThe area of modern-day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of mainly four distinct historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, also known as Ibn Saud in Western countries. Abdulaziz united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy governed along Islamist lines. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\", in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.\nPetroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves.\nFrom 1902 until his death in 1953, Saudi Arabia's founding father, Abdulaziz, ruled the Emirate of Riyadh",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of nationalist Balkan states, which saw the independence of the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, the Danubian Principalities, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Up until 1912, the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.\nThe Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the \"sick man of Europe\". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian, as was the majoritySubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. Historically, the term Near East was used in conjunction with the Middle East (Iran to Myanmar) and the Far East (China and beyond), together known as the \"three Easts\"; it was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area, situated north of the region formerly referred to as the "Near East" and where exported crops ultimately end up, established? | [
{
"id": 9988,
"question": "What prevailed with the disgrace of \"Near East\"?",
"answer": "\"Middle East\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 158279,
"question": "Where was the final destination for the export crops ?",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 79935,
"question": "when was #3 created",
"answer": "1930",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1930 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of what used to be known as the "Near East" and the location of the final destination of exported crops created? |
2hop__803903_78606 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Big Stan",
"paragraph_text": " verdict and the sentencing will be the following day.\nWhile talking with Stan, Mal refuses to bribe Judge Perry since he does not practise that kind of law and tells Stan that any shyster on the street would do it for him. Inspired by the bench advertisement outside, Stan fires Mal from the case and hires Lew Popper (M. Emmet Walsh) as a replacement for the sentencing. Judge Perry sentences Stan to three years at the Oaksburg Correctional Facility while giving him six months to reorganize the charity that Stan established to teach music to mentally disabled children.\nAs he can't go on a permanent vacation to Brazil on Lew's advice due to his assets being frozen, Stan gets drunk and visits a biker bar where he has the fear of jailhouse rape instilled in him by a biker ex con (Dan Haggerty) that strains his marriage to Mindy. This leads him to hire the mysterious guru known as The Master (David Carradine), who helps transform him into a martial arts expert.\nDuring his incarceration, Stan befriends an elderly inmate named Larry (Henry Gibson) who is serving a life sentence for murdering his partner. Stan also encounters a sympathetic prison guard named Bullard (Kevin Gage) and learns more about the cliques and gang activities inside the prison. He then uses his new-found skills to bring peace and harmony to the prison yard by intimidating his fellow inmates like Big Raymond (Bob Sapp) into preventing them from harming each other. With this, peace is restored in at Oaksburg and Stan gains their respect, eventually becoming their leader.\nHowever, the corrupt warden Gasque (Scott Wilson) has plans to force the prison's closure with a riot and sell off the property. Stan helps him with the real estate aspects in exchange for early parole. However, his peacemaking efforts threaten the warden's plan for a riot and he is persuaded to bring back violence.\nIn a last minute attack of conscience, he deliberately blows the parole hearing to rush back and prevent the deaths of his fellow inmates only to discover that his message of peace has sunk in and the prisoners are dancing instead of fighting. Warden Gasque orders the guards to open fire on the dancing men. When they refuse, he grabs a gun in front of the board of governors and shoots wildly. Warden Gasque attempts to shoot Stan, but he is stopped by Mindy and the Master, who had sneaked in. Stan was surprised that the Master had trained Mindy during his incarceration when he thought they were having an affair during an earlier conjugal.\nThree years later, Stan leaves the prison where Bullard had been sworn in as the new warden of Oaksburg Correctional Facility. Gasque becomes the new inmate following his arrest for his illegal activities as Big Raymond intimidates him to say goodbye to Stan. Lew is also an inmate after he had foreseen that he would be arrested for having slept with a member of the jury and for being a corrupt lawyer. Stan is met by his wife, his young daughter Mindy Jr., and the Master outside the prison, where he has become Mindy Jr.'s nanny. Happily, they drive off into the sunset.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nRob Schneider as \"Big\" Stan Minton, a rich real estate con artist.\nJennifer Morrison as Mindy Minton, Stan's wife.\nScott Wilson as Francis Gasque, a corrupt warden of Verlaine State Correctional Facility who seeks to get the prison closed down so he can sell the land.\nHenry Gibson as Larry / \"Shorts\", an inmate befriended by Stan who's serving a life sentence for killing his partner.\nRichard Kind as Mal, Stan's lawyer.\nSally Kirkland as Madame Foreman, a jury member who finds Stan guilty.\nJackson Rathbone as Robbie, a hippie inmate and former drug dealer.\nM. Emmet Walsh as Lew Popper, a shyster whom Stan replaces with Mal during his trial.\nDavid Carradine as The Master, a martial arts guru who trains Stan to survive prison.\nMarcelo Ortega as Big Haa, an inmate.\nMarcia Wallace as Alma\nDiego Corrales as Julio\nRandy Couture as Carnahan\nDon Frye as Nation Member\nBrandon Molale as Guard Piken\nLil Rob as Inmate\nBrandon T. Jackson as Deshawn, an inmate.\nOlivia Munn as Maria, a secretary.\nBarbara Dodd as Mrs. Darby, an old lady whom Stan tried to con.\nRichard Riehle as Judge Perry, a judge who presides over Stan's trial.\nKevin Gage as Bullard, a sympathetic prison guard.\nDan Inosanto as Prison Chef\nBob Sapp as Big Raymond, a tough inmate.\nTsuyoshi Abe as Dang, a Vietnamese Mafia member and one of the Master's students.\nAhman Green as Lee Otis, a former bank robber and inmate.\nSalvator Xuereb as Patterson, the leader of the Nazi Prison Gang.\nBig Stan is a 2007 American prison comedy directed and produced by Rob Schneider, who also starred in the film. The film co-stars Jennifer Morrison, Scott Wilson and David Carradine. The film also features Henry Gibson in his final role. Although released in some markets during the fall of 2008, it was released straight to DVD in the U.S. on March 24, 2009. It debuted at number 17 on the DVD rental charts of March 23–30, 2009. On the radio show \"Loveline\", Schneider stated that this film will be an \"anti-man-raping\" film — referring to prison rape.BigBig Stan is a 2007 American prison comedy directed and produced by Rob Schneider, who also starred in the film. The film co-stars Jennifer Morrison, Scott Wilson and David Carradine. The film also features Henry Gibson in his final role. Although released in some markets during the fall of 2008, it was released straight to DVD in the U.S. on March 24, 2009. It debuted at number 17 on the DVD rental charts of March 23–30, 2009. On the radio show \"Loveline\", Schneider stated that this film will be an \"anti-man-raping\" film — referring to prison rape. released in some markets during the fall of 2008, it was released straight to DVD in the United States on March 24, 2009. It debuted at number 17 on the DVD rental charts of March 23–30, 2009.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nStan Minton (Rob Schneider) is a wealthy real estate con artist, married to Mindy (Jennifer Morrison). One",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Grown Ups (film)",
"paragraph_text": " 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife,In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the movie Grown Ups, who is the actress that portrays the director of Big Stan's wife? | [
{
"id": 803903,
"question": "Big Stan >> director",
"answer": "Rob Schneider",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 78606,
"question": "who plays #1 wife in grown ups",
"answer": "Joyce Van Patten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Joyce Van Patten | [] | true | Who plays the wife of Big Stan's director in Grown Ups? |
4hop3__316459_41402_146281_13584 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jacksonville, Florida",
"paragraph_text": ", and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's largest seaport by volume. Jacksonville's militarySpain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, and the British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford or Cowford; these names ostensibly reflect the fact that cattle were brought across the river there. The British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber. As a result, the northeastern Florida area prospered economically more than it had under the Spanish. Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain in 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War, and the settlement at the Cow Ford continued to grow. After Spain ceded the Florida Territory to the United States in 1821, American settlers on the north side of the Cow Ford decided to plan a town, laying out the streets and plats. They soon named the town Jacksonville, after Andrew Jackson. Led by Isaiah D. Hart, residents wrote a charter for a town government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative Council on February 9, 1832.JSpain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, and the British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford or Cowford; these names ostensibly reflect the fact that cattle were brought across the river there. The British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber. As a result, the northeastern Florida area prospered economically more than it had under the Spanish. Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain in 1783, after its defeat in the American Revolutionary War, and the settlement at the Cow Ford continued to grow. After Spain ceded the Florida Territory to the United States in 1821, American settlers on the north side of the Cow Ford decided to plan a town, laying out the streets and plats. They soon named the town Jacksonville, after Andrew Jackson. Led by Isaiah D. Hart, residents wrote a charter for a town government, which was approved by the Florida Legislative Council on February 9, 1832.addles the St. Johns River in the First Coast region of northeastern Florida, about 12 miles (19 kilometers) south of the Georgia state line (25 mi or 40 km to the urban core/downtown) and 350 miles (560 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States. Under British rule, a settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British. A platted town was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States.\nHarbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port. Its riverine location facilitates Naval Station Mayport, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, the U.S. Marine Corps Blount Island Command, and the Port of Jacksonville, Florida's largest seaport by volume. Jacksonville's militarySpain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, and the British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Semin",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Aleran",
"paragraph_text": " and bring the Hispanic Marches held by rebel forces loyal to Pepin II back into control of the kingdom.\nAleran died sometime in 851 or 852 and Charles appointed Odalric as count of Barcelona in 852.\n\n\n== References ==Aleran was the count of Barcelona from 848 to 852 AD. He was also count of Empúries and Roussillon and margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852 AD.\nHe was a Frankish nobleman loyal to King Charles the Bald of West Francia. At the Assembly of Narbonne in 849, Aleran and Isembart were empowered to consolidate the territory for the Frankish Kingdom and bring the Hispanic Marches held by rebel forces loyal to Pepin II back into control of the kingdom.\nAleran died sometime in 851 or 852 and Charles appointed Odalric as count of Barcelona in 852.\n\n\n== References ==Aleran was the count of Barcelona from 848 to 852 AD. He was also count of Empúries and Roussillon and margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852 AD.\nHe was a Frankish nobleman loyal to King CharlesAleran was the Count of Barcelona from 848 to 852. He was also Count of Empúries and Roussillon and Margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852.AAleran was the Count of Barcelona from 848 to 852. He was also Count of Empúries and Roussillon and Margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852. AD.\nHe was a Frankish nobleman loyal to King Charles the Bald of West Francia. At the Assembly of Narbonne in 849, Aleran and Isembart were empowered to consolidate the territory for the Frankish Kingdom and bring the Hispanic Marches held by rebel forces loyal to Pepin II back into control of the kingdom.\nAleran died sometime in 851 or 852 and Charles appointed Odalric as count of Barcelona in 852.\n\n\n== References ==Aleran was the count of Barcelona from 848 to 852 AD. He was also count of Empúries and Roussillon and margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852 AD.\nHe was a Frankish nobleman loyal to King Charles the Bald of West Francia. At the Assembly of Narbonne in 849, Aleran and Isembart were empowered to consolidate the territory for the Frankish Kingdom and bring the Hispanic Marches held by rebel forces loyal to Pepin II back into control of the kingdom.\nAleran died sometime in 851 or 852 and Charles appointed Odalric as count of Barcelona in 852.\n\n\n== References ==Aleran was the count of Barcelona from 848 to 852 AD. He was also count of Empúries and Roussillon and margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852 AD.\nHe was a Frankish nobleman loyal to King CharlesAleran was the Count of Barcelona from 848 to 852. He was also Count of Empúries and Roussillon and Margrave of Septimania together with Isembart from 849 or 850 to 852.Aleran was the count of Barcelona from 848 to 852 AD.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Charles Edmund Nugent",
"paragraph_text": " highest rank in the Navy.\n\n\n== Early career ==\nHe was the son of Lieutenant Colonel the Honourable Edmund Nugent, the only son of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, but after his father's death in 1771 his marriage was found to have been illegal, and he and his elder brother George were declared illegitimate, and thus unable to inherit any of his grandfather's titles.\nNugent entered the Navy as a youngster in 1771, serving aboard the sloop Scorpion, commanded by George Elphinstone (later Viscount Keith) until 1774. He then served aboard Trident, flagship of Sir Peter Denis, in the Mediterranean.\n\nTowards the end of 1777 he was appointed to the 50-gun Bristol, flagship of Rear-Admiral Sir Peter Parker. On 26 December 1777 Parker sailed from Portsmouth with a squadron of ships, carrying troops under the command of Earl Cornwallis, to launch an attack on Charleston, South Carolina. The squadron arrived off Cape Fear in May, and was joined by General Henry Clinton and his troops. The combined force advanced upriver until reaching the strongly fortified Sullivan's Island. In the subsequent battle on 28 June the British were unable to subdue the defenders or mount an attack by land. Bristol bore the brunt of the American fire and had 111 men killed and wounded. The British eventually withdrew, and sailed north to attack New York. Nugent was serving as an acting-lieutenant during the attack on Sullivan's Island, and in September 1777 he followed Parker into the Chatham. In December Parker and Clinton were sent north to capture Rhode Island, which was taken without resistance. At the beginning of 1778 Parker sailed to Jamaica to serve as commander-in-chief, and on 26 May promoted Nugent to the rank of commander, his promotionNugent served in the naval brigade in the invasions of Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Guadaloupe during the French Revolutionary Wars and, when William Cornwallis assumed command of the blockade of Brest, Nugent was selected to serve as his Captain of the Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars. He never commanded any fleet or naval station but did rise to the highest rank in the Navy.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": "There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and Real Madrid is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain: Catalonia and Castile, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between Catalans and the Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the Spanish Civil War. players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol, Rony Seikaly, Marc Gasol, Anderson Varejão, Juan Carlos Navarro, Jaka Lakovič, ��arūnas Jasikevičius, Dejan",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Apart from their geographical locations in the nation that acquired Florida following a war involving Charles Edmund Nugent, what separates Real Madrid from the soccer team based in the city where Aleran met his end? | [
{
"id": 316459,
"question": "Charles Edmund Nugent >> conflict",
"answer": "Revolutionary War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 41402,
"question": "Who gained control of Florida after the conclusion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Spain",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 146281,
"question": "In what place did Aleran die?",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 13584,
"question": "Besides the areas of #2 , what other differences are there between #3 and Real Madrid?",
"answer": "two cities",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | two cities | [] | true | A country gained control of Florida after the war in which Charles Edmund Nugent saw action. Besides their locations in that country, what other differences are there between Real Madrid and the football team from the city where Aleran died? |
2hop__31085_23241 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": " term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nInA generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a resultIn the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as \"Abubacer\" or \"Ebn Tophail\" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child \"from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society\" on a desert island, through experience alone. The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nInA generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": " more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.\nNigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups., with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral fraud, and corruption is rampant in various levels of Nigerian politics.\nNigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.\nNigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the percentage of the Nigerian population in 2010 that shared Ibn Tufail's religion, as stated by Pew? | [
{
"id": 31085,
"question": "What was Ibn Tufail's religion?",
"answer": "Muslim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 23241,
"question": "According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was #1 ?",
"answer": "48.8 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 48.8 percent | [] | true | According to Pew, in 2010 what percent of Nigeria's population was the same religion as Ibn Tufail? |
3hop1__30885_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.Hindus (Hindustani: [������ndu] ; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known byThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India. around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Since ancient times, Hindu has been used to refer to people inhibiting region beyond the Sindhu river, therefore some assumptions that medieval Persian authors considered Hindu as derogatory is not accepted by practicing Hindus themselves as those references are much later to references used in pre-Islamic Persian sources, early Arab and Indian sources, all of them had positive connotation only as they either referred to region or followers of Hinduism.\nThe historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear. Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it may have developed post-8th century CE after the Muslim invasions and medieval Hindu–Muslim wars. A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and Bengali. The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir, Tulsidas and Eknath used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": " thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.Opposition to the Partition of India was widespread in British India in the 20th century and it continues to remain a talking point in South Asian politics. Those who opposed it often adhered to the doctrine of composite nationalism in the Indian subcontinent. The Hindu, Christian, Anglo-Indian, Parsi and Sikh communities were largely opposed toAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "John Kerry",
"paragraph_text": "During their investigation of Noriega, Kerry's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) had facilitated Noriega's drug trafficking and money laundering. This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI, and as a result, banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991. In December 1992, Kerry and Senator Hank Brown, a Republican from Colorado, released The BCCI Affair, a report on the BCCI scandal. The report showed that the bank was crooked and was working with terrorists, including Abu Nidal. It blasted the Department of Justice, the Department of the Treasury, the Customs Service, the Federal Reserve Bank, as well as influential lobbyists and the CIA. the FIFPro World XI for five consecutive seasons, from 2005 to 2009. He was also named in the all-star squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the only English player to make the team. In 2024, Terry wasKerry chaired the Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs from 1991 to 1993. The committee's report, which Kerry endorsed, stated there was \"no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia.\" In 1994 the Senate passed a resolution, sponsored by Kerry and fellow Vietnam veteran John McCain, that called for an end to the existing trade embargo against Vietnam; it was intended to pave the way for normalization. In 1995, President Bill Clinton normalized diplomatic relations with the country of Vietnam.John George Terry (born 7 December 1980) is an English professional football coach and former player who played as a centre-back. He was previously captain of Chelsea, the England national team and Aston Villa. He is regarded as one of the greatest defenders of his generation, as well as one of the best English and Premier League defenders ever.\nTerry was named UEFA Club Defender of the Year in 2005, 2008 and 2009, PFA Players' Player of the Year in 2005, and was included in the FIFPro World XI for five consecutive seasons, from 2005 to 2009. He was also named in the all-star squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the only English player to make the team. In 2024, Terry was inducted into the Premier League Hall of Fame.\nTerry is Chelsea's most successful captain. During his 19 years with the club, he led them to five Premier League titles, five FA Cups, three League Cups, one UEFA Europa League and one UEFA Champions League title. He is one of six players to have made over 500 appearances for Chelsea and is also the club's all-time highest scoring defender. In 2007, he became the first captain to lift the FA Cup at the new Wembley Stadium in Chelsea's 1–0 win over Manchester United, and also the first player to score an international goal there, scoring a header in England's 1–1 draw with Brazil. In his final season at Chelsea in 2017, he became the first ever player to captain a team to the Premier League title on five occasions.\nFollowing his departure from Chelsea, Terry spent one season with Aston Villa in the Championship before retiring, ultimately losing the 2018 Championship play-off final. He returned to Aston Villa a few months later as assistant manager to Dean Smith. The side went on to win the 2019 Championship play-off final to be promoted back to the Premier League. Terry left the role in July 2021. When Smith joined Leicester City as manager in April 2023, he appointed Terry to his coaching staff once again.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nJohn George Terry was born on 7 December 1980 in Barking, Greater London. He attended Eastbury Comprehensive School and played for local Sunday league team Senrab.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Chelsea ===\n\n\n==== 1991–1998: Early years ====\nAs a boy, Terry was part of West Ham United's youth system, joining them as a midfielder in 1991. He moved to Chelsea at 14, playing for the club's youth and reserve teams. It was due to a shortage of central defenders that he was moved to centre-back, the position he played throughout his career. After finishing school, he joined the club on a YTS at age 16 and signed professional terms a year later.\n\n\n==== 1998–2000: First appearances ====\nTerry made his Chelsea debut on 28 October 1998 as a late substitute in a League Cup tie with Aston Villa; his first start came later that season in an FA Cup third-round match, a 2–0 win over Oldham Athletic. \n\n\n==== 2000: Loan to Nottingham Forest ====\nTerry spent a brief period on loan with Nottingham Forest in 2000 to build up his first-team experience and was the subject of interest from both Forest manager David Platt and Huddersfield Town manager",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the definition, in the Arabic dictionary, of the term which is also the dominant faith in the region that turned into India upon the establishment of the country home to BCCI? | [
{
"id": 30885,
"question": "Where is the BCCI based?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
] | true | what is the meaning of the word that is also the majority religion in the area that became India when the country where BCCI is based was created in the Arabic dictionary? |
3hop1__79039_131926_13165 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jucy Lucy",
"paragraph_text": ". One account claims it preceded his purchase of the bar in the 1950s, but that Bristol formally added it to the menu and thus popularized it. Another version is that the burger was invented by a customer in 1954 who remarked \"Oooh, that's one juicy lucy!\" after biting into it. The 5-8 Club does not provide a particular origin story, but the bar itself was originally a speakeasy dating to the 1920s.\nThe two bars offer slightly different versions of the burger. One difference is the spelling: Matt's removes the letter \"i\" in \"Juicy\" (supposedly an inadvertent misspelling dating to the burger's creation), while the 5-8 Club utilizes the normal spelling. Shirts worn by staff at the 5-8 Club have the motto \"if it's spelled right, it's done right\" while advertising for Matt's Bar says \"Remember, if it is spelled correctly, you are eating a shameless rip-off!\" The 5-8 Club offers several different cheese options for their version while the version at Matt's only contains American cheese.\n\nThe rivalry between both bars and their interpretations is longstanding, but has gained more exposure since receiving a mention in Time in 2008 and being featured on food-related television shows such as Man v. Food and Food Wars. In 2014, President Barack Obama visited Matt's andA Jucy Lucy (sic) or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty instead of on top, resulting in a melted core of cheese within the patty. Two bars in Minneapolis claim to be the inventor of the burger, though other bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations on the style. other local bars and restaurants have created their own interpretations of the style.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nTwo bars about three miles (5 km) from each other on Cedar Avenue in South Minneapolis both claim to have invented the burger: Matt's Bar and the 5-8 Club. Matt's credits the bar's former owner (and namesake) Matt Bristol. One account claims it preceded his purchase of the bar in the 1950s, but that Bristol formally added it to the menu and thus popularized it. Another version is that the burger was invented by a customer in 1954 who remarked \"Oooh, that's one juicy lucy!\" after biting into it. The 5-8 Club does not provide a particular origin story, but the bar itself was originally a speakeasy dating to the 1920s.\nThe two bars offer slightly different versions of the burger. One difference is the spelling: Matt's removes the letter \"i\" in \"Juicy\" (supposedly an inadvertent misspelling dating to the burger's creation), while the 5-8 Club utilizes the normal spelling. Shirts worn by staff at the 5-8 Club have the motto \"if it",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": " newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.The military history of the United States spans over two centuries, the entire history of the United States. During those centuries, the United States evolved from a newly formed nation which fought for its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain (1775–1783) to world superpower status in the aftermath of World War II to the present. As of 2024, the United States Armed Forces consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Space Force, all under the command of the Department of Defense, and the Coast Guard, which is controlled by the Department of Homeland Security.\nIn 1775, the Continental Congress established the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, and the Continental Marines. This newly formed military, fighting alongside the Kingdom of France, triumphed over the British during the war, which led to independence via the Treaty of Paris. In 1789, the new Constitution made the U.S. president the commander-in-chief, and gave Congress the authority to declare war. Major conflicts involving the U.S. military include the American Indian Wars, the War of In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. led to independence via the Treaty of Paris. In 1789, the new Constitution made the U.S. president the commander-in-chief,In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.The military history of the United States spans over two centuries, the entire history of the United States. During those centuries, the United States evolved from a newly formed nation which fought for its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain (1775–1783) to world superpower status in the aftermath of World War II to the present. As of 202",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.MinMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.\nThe city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is built on an artesian aquifer on flat terrain, and is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Nicknamed the \"City of Lakes\", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which agreement granted land that stretches westward to the river adjacent to the city known for the Juicy Lucy, to the United States? | [
{
"id": 79039,
"question": "where is the home of the juicy lucy",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 13165,
"question": "What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to #2 ?",
"answer": "Treaty of Paris",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Treaty of Paris | [] | true | What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to the river next to the city that's the home of the Juicy Lucy? |
4hop1__860115_798482_131926_87157 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": " for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During theThe Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural and urban civilizations. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served sometimes as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and throughout as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny, the Mississippi and several tributaries, most notably its largest, the Ohio and Missouri, formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Newgate Education Center",
"paragraph_text": " and career placement support for underserved young adults in the Twin Cities and surrounding areas. It offers professional automotive technical certification in both Auto Body repair and Auto Mechanics. Graduates are qualified to work as career apprentices in the auto services industry. Newgate’s practical, hands-on approach to teaching technical skills is highly successful with students who struggle in traditional educational settings or for whom English is a second language. In 1981, Newgate pioneered the concept of using the sales of car donations as the single funding source for the school, thereby eliminating the dependence on tax-based government funding for support. Newgate began its Wheels for Women Program in 1996. Donated cars are repaired by the students and provided at no cost to single moms who qualify for the program. Newgate provides approximately 35 cars per year through the Wheels program. In 2004, with bonds financed by the City of Minneapolis, the school constructed a new modern training facility and expanded its Auto Mechanics Training program.\n\n\n== History ==\nNewgate School was created in the early 1970s in partnershipNewgate School isNewgate School is a post-secondary non-profit vocational-technical school for residents of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota and the surrounding area. Newgate provides tuition-free automotive vocational training and technical career placement opportunities for low income adults. It offers professional automotive technical certification in three areas: Auto-body Repair, Auto mechanics and Detailing. Graduates are qualified to work as career apprentices in the auto services industry. Newgate’s practical, hands-on approach to teaching technical skills is highly successful with students who struggle in traditional educational settings or for whom English is a second language. In 1981, Newgate pioneered the concept of using the sales of car donations as the single funding source for the school, thereby eliminating the dependence on tax-based government funding for support. Newgate began its Wheels for Women Program in 1996. Donated cars are repaired by the students and provided at no cost to single moms referred by social service agencies like the Jeremiah Program or Lutheran Social Services. Newgate provides approximately 50 cars per year through the Wheels program. In 2004, with bonds financed by the City of Minneapolis, the school constructed a new modern training facility and expanded its Auto Mechanics Training program. In 1975 it was incorporated as a separate non-profit school. In 1979, assisted by the Northwest Area Foundation, New",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Elizabeth Berg (author)",
"paragraph_text": " holidays and everyday (1992), illustrations by Robert Roth\nDurable Goods (1993), selected as ALA Best Books of theBerg was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA, and lived in Boston prior to her residence in Chicago. She studied English at the University of Minnesota, but later ended up with a nursing degree. Her writing career started when she won an essay contest in \"Parents\" magazine. Since her debut novel in 1993, her novels have sold in large numbers and have received several awards and nominations, even though some critics have tagged them as sentimental. She won the New England Book Awards in 1997.. She won the New England Book Awards in 1997.\nThe novels Durable Goods, Joy School, and True to Form form a trilogy about the 12-year-old Katie Nash, in part based on the author's own experience as a daughter in a military family. Her essay \"The Pretend Knitter\" appears in the anthology Knitting Yarns: Writers on Knitting, published by W. W. Norton & Company in November 2013.\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nFamily traditions: celebrations for holidays and everyday (1992), illustrations by Robert Roth\nDurable Goods (1993), selected as ALA Best Books of the Year\nTalk Before Sleep (1994), highlighting the fight against breast cancer\nRange of Motion (1995)\nThe Pull of the Moon (1996)\nJoy School (1997), selected among the ALA 1998 Best Books for Young Adults\nWhat We Keep (1998)\nEscaping into the Open: The Art of Writing True (1999), non-fiction\nUntil the Real Thing Comes Along (1999), about a woman's love for a gay man\nOpen House (2000), Oprah's Book Club selection\nNever Change (2001)\nOrdinary Life: stories (2002)\nTrue to Form (2002)\nSay When (2003)\nThe Art of Mending (2004)\nThe Year of Pleasures (2005)\nThe Handmaid and the Carpenter (2006)\nWe Are All Welcome Here (2006)\nDream When You're Feeling Blue (2007)\nThe Day I Ate Whatever I Wanted (2008)\nHome Safe (2009)\nThe Last Time I Saw You (2010)\nOnce Upon a Time, There Was You (2011)\nTapestry of Fortunes (2013)\nThe Dream Lover (2015)\nMake Someone Happy: Favorite Postings (2016)\nThe Story of Arthur Truluv (2017)\nNight of Miracles (2018)\nThe Confession Club (2019)\nI'll Be Seeing You: a Memoir (2020)\nEarth's the Right Place for Love (2023)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nAuthor presentation by publisher Random House, Inc.\nMeet the Writers from Barnes & NobleElizabeth Berg (born December 2, 1948) is an American novelist.\nShe was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, and lived in Boston prior to her residence in Chicago. She studied English and Humanities at the University of Minnesota, but later ended up with a nursing degree. Her writing career started when she won an essay contest in Parents magazine. Since her debut novel in 1993, her novels have sold in large numbers and have received several awards and nominations, although some critics have tagged them as sentimental. She won the New England Book Awards in 1997.\nThe novels Durable Goods, Joy School, and True to Form form a trilogy about the 12-year-old Katie Nash, in part based on the author's own experience as a daughter in a military family. Her essay \"The Pretend Knitter\" appears in the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is built on an artesian aquifer on flat terrain, and is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Nicknamed the \"City of Lakes\", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.\nThe city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclubMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which way is the water flowing in the body of water near the city that borders where Elizabeth Berg was born? | [
{
"id": 860115,
"question": "Elizabeth Berg >> place of birth",
"answer": "Saint Paul",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 798482,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 87157,
"question": "what is the direction of flow of #3",
"answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards | [
"Minnesota"
] | true | What is the direction of flow of the body of water by the city sharing a border with Elizabeth Berg's birthplace? |
4hop1__31333_59747_211319_557671 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sno*Drift",
"paragraph_text": " the windward side of the road to intentionally create a drift before the snow-laden wind reaches the road.\n\n\n== Photo gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nBlizzard\nLake-effect snow\nSnow removal\n\n\n== External links ==\nSnowdrift Exhibit at Evansville MuseumA snowdrift is a deposit of snow sculpted by wind into a mound during a snowstorm. Snowdrifts resemble sand dunes and are formed in a similar manner, namely, by wind moving light snow and depositing it when the wind has virtually stopped, usually against a stationary object. Snow normally crests and slopes off toward the surface on the windward side of a largeSno*Drift is a rally racing event held in Montmorency County, Michigan, annually, with headquarters in Atlanta, Michigan. The event is currently the first Rally America National Rally Championship event of the season. Currently the event is organized into three distinct rallies: the national championship event covering both days of rallying, and two regional rally events each covering one of the two days. Competitors may be entered in any or all of these events simultaneously. are a bit lower than surrounding areas but are generally flatter.\nThe impact of snowdrifts on transportation can be more significant than the snowfall itself, such as in the US during the Great Blizzard of 1978. Snowdrifts are usually found at or on roads, as the crest of the roadbed or the furrows along the road create the disruption to the wind needed to shed its carried snow. Snow fences may be employed on the windward side of the road to intentionally create a drift before the snow-laden wind reaches the road.\n\n\n== Photo gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nBlizzard\nLake-effect snow\nSnow removal\n\n\n== External links ==\nSnowdrift Exhibit at Evansville MuseumA snowdrift is a deposit of snow sculpted by wind into a mound during a snowstorm. Snowdrifts resemble sand dunes and are formed in a similar manner, namely, by wind moving light snow and depositing it when the wind has virtually stopped, usually against a stationary object. Snow normally crests and slopes off toward the surface on the windward side of",
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": " a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one of the state's three divisions.\nAs of 2020 Nashville is considered a global city, type \"Gamma\" by the GaWC. The city is a major center for the music industry, especially country music. It is home to three major professional sports teams: the Predators, Titans, and Nashville SC.\nThe city is also the home of many colleges and universities including Tennessee State University, Vanderbilt University, Belmont University, Fisk University, Trevecca Nazarene University, and Lipscomb University. Nashville isThe capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state nearIn 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state were \"day trips\", 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and 11% stayed 4 or more nights. The average stay was 2.16 nights, compared to 2.03 nights for the US as a whole.:40 The average person spent $118 per day: 29% on transportation, 24% on food, 17% on accommodation, and 28% on shopping and entertainment.:449 when this territory was still considered part of North Carolina. The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and, in the 19th century, a railroad center. Nashville as part of Tennessee seceded during the American Civil War; in 1862 it was the first state capital in the Confederacy to be taken by Union forces. It was occupied through the war.\nAfter the war, the city gradually reclaimed its stature. It became a center of trade and developed a manufacturing base.\nSince 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government, which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. The city is governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one of the state's three divisions.\nAs of 2020 Nashville is considered a global city, type \"Gamma\" by the GaWC. The city is a major center for the music industry, especially country music. It is home to three major professional sports teams: the Predators, Titans, and Nashville SC.\nThe city is also the home of many colleges and universities including Tennessee State",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": ", and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km2), and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km2) each.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\tLargest cities and towns in Georgia by population\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n County seat†\n State capital and county seat��\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nGeorgia statistical areas\nList of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGeorgia Municipal AssociationGeorgia is a state located in the Southern United States. According to the 2010 United States census, Georgia was the 8th most populous state with 9,688,681 inhabitants and the 21st largest by land area spanning 57,513.49 square miles (148,959.3The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each., consolidated city-counties, and consolidated cities.\n\nThere is no legal difference in Georgia between cities and towns. Eight municipalities have merged with their counties to form consolidated city-counties: Athens with Clarke County, Augusta with Richmond County, Columbus with Muscogee County, Cusseta with Chattahoochee County, Georgetown with Quitman County, Macon with Bibb County, Statenville with Echols County, and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km2), and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km2) each.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\tLargest cities and towns in Georgia by population\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Alpena Power Company",
"paragraph_text": " that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village ofAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher.Alpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern PresAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village ofAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher.Alpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with Consumers Energy/METC.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLists of public utilities\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteAlpena Power Company is a public utility company that provides electricity to most of Alpena County, Michigan, as well as southeastern Presque Isle County and the village of Hillman, in Montmorency County. The headquarters are located in Alpena, Michigan. The company was founded in 1881 by George N. Fletcher. \nthey produce 1-2% of power for the area using 3 hydro electric dams located on the thunder bay river.\nAlpena Power has one 138KV interconnection with",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the county that is adjacent to the county where the city with the highest population is situated in another state that had the greatest number of tourists visiting Tennessee in 2013? | [
{
"id": 31333,
"question": "Which other state sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 211319,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Montmorency County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 557671,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Presque Isle County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Presque Isle County | [] | true | Which county shares a border with the county where the most populous city in the other state that sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013 is located? |
4hop1__525129_315334_131926_13165 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Koerner, Ray & Glover",
"paragraph_text": " \"Koerner and/or Ray and/or Glover\". Their first album, Blues, Rags and Hollers, was released in 1963. Together they recorded two further albums for Elektra, Koerner and Ray each recorded a solo album, also for Elektra, and the three supported one another in touring. Glover wrote one of the first instructional books on how to play blues harmonica.\nThe trio appeared at the Newport Folk Festival, where their performance was recorded for the Vanguard Records album Newport Folk Festival 1964: Evening Concerts III and filmed for the documentary Festival!, released in 1967.\nKoerner, Ray and Glover played frequently, separately and as a group, in the Dinkytown neighborhood of Minneapolis in the early 1960s. Bob Dylan knew them during his days as a nascent folk musician in Dinkytown, and wrote about them in his autobiography, Chronicles. Koerner was an early influence on Dylan, and was the first musician Dylan met in Minneapolis, at the Ten O’Clock Scholar coffeehouse. He wrote in Chronicles that \"Koerner was tall and thin with a look of perpetual amusement on his face. We hit it off right away.\" Koerner was a few years more experienced as a musician, and took Dylan under his wing to teach him folk and blues songs. \"When he spoke he was soft-spoken, but when he sang he became a field holler shouter. Koerner was an exciting singer, and we began playing a lot together\", Dylan wrote. They performed often as a duo, but each also played frequently on his own. Dylan knew Ray as a \"high school kid who sang Leadbelly and Bo Diddley songs on a twelve-string guitar, probably the only twelve-string guitar in the entire Midwest.\" Dylan and Koerner also played sometimes with Glover, whose harmonica playing Dylan admired, writing that \"he cupped it in his hands and played like Sonny Terry or Little Walter.\"\nBesides Dylan, the trio was an influence on many other musicians, including Bonnie Raitt. In the late 1960s they often played at the Triangle Bar in the West Bank area of Minneapolis, a popular hangout for bikers and hippies. They were also frequent performers and fixtures at the West Bank bar Palmer's; when Koerner officially retired in 2023, he donated one of his guitars, a 12-string Epiphone, to the bar, where it is on display in a glass case.\nIn later years they occasionally performed together, until Ray's death in 2002. Koerner and Glover continued to occasionally perform as a duo until Glover's death on May 29, 2019. \nOne show with the trio at Minneapolis theater Bryant-Lake Bowl was released as the 1996 live album One Foot in the Groove. Koerner and Glover also released a concert album as a duo, Live @ The 400 Bar, in 2009.\nThe group's last surviving member, John Koerner, died on May 18, 2024, at the age of 85.\n\n\n== Awards ==\nIn 1983 the Minnesota Music Academy named Koerner, Ray and Glover \"Best Folk Group\" and in 1985 inducted them into the MMA Hall of Fame.\nIn 2008, Koerner, Ray & Glover were inducted into the Minnesota Blues Hall of Fame under the category Blues Recordings for Blues, Rags and Hollers.\nKoerner, Ray & Glover has been honored with a star on the outside mural of the Minneapolis nightclub First Avenue, recognizing performers that have played sold-out shows or have otherwise demonstrated a major contribution to the culture at the iconic venue. Receiving a star \"might be the most prestigious public honor an artist can receive in Minneapolis,\" according to journalist Steve Marsh.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n1963: Blues, Rags and Hollers\n1964: Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers\n1965: The Return of Koerner, Ray & Glover\n1972: Good Old Koerner, Ray & Glover\n1996: One Foot in the Groove\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIllustrated Koerner, Ray & Glover discography\nSpider John Koerner Official web site\nKoerner, Ray & Glover discography at DiscogsKoerner, Ray & Glover was a loose-knit group of three blues musicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota: \"Spider\" John Koerner on guitar and vocals, Dave \"Snaker\" Ray on guitar and vocals, and Tony \"Little Sun\" Glover on harmonica. They were notable figures of the revival of folk music and blues in the 1960s.\n\n\n== History ==\nKoerner, Ray and Glover met in the folk music scene around the University of Minnesota, when Koerner and Ray were students. Their common interest in folk music and blues led them to record and perform in various configurations, in solo turns and duets, but rarely as a trio. Ray suggested that it would be more accurate to refer to them as \"Koerner and/or Ray and/or Glover\". Their first album, Blues, Rags and Hollers, was released in 1963. Together they recorded two further albums for Elektra, Koerner and Ray each recorded a solo album, also for EleKoerner, Ray & Glover was a loose-knit group of three blues musicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota: \"Spider\" John Koerner on guitar and vocals, Dave \"Snaker\" Ray on guitar and vocals, and Tony \"Little Sun\" Glover on harmonica. They were notable figures of the revival of folk music and blues in the 1960s.KKoerner, Ray & Glover was a loose-knit group of three blues musicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota: \"Spider\" John Koerner on guitar and vocals, Dave \"Snaker\" Ray on guitar and vocals, and Tony \"Little Sun\" Glover on harmonica. They were notable figures of the revival of folk music and blues in the 1960s.== History ==\nKoerner, Ray and Glover met in the folk music scene around the University of Minnesota, when Koerner and Ray were students. Their common interest in folk music and blues led them to record and perform in various configurations, in solo turns and duets, but rarely as a trio. Ray suggested that it would be more accurate to refer to them as \"Koerner and/or Ray and/or Glover\". Their first album, Blues, Rags and Hollers, was released in 1963. Together they recorded two further albums for Elektra, Koerner and Ray each recorded a solo album, also for Elektra, and the three supported one another in touring.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": " newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.The military history of the United States spans over two centuries, the entire history of the United States. During those centuries, the United States evolved from a newly formed nation which fought for its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain (1775–1783) to world superpower status in the aftermath of World War II to the present. As of 2024, the United States Armed Forces consists of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Space Force, all under the command of the Department of Defense, and the Coast Guard, which is controlled byIn the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. led to independence via the Treaty of Paris. In 1789, the new Constitution made the U.S. president the commander-in-chief,In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers",
"paragraph_text": "Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers is an album by the blues trio Koerner, Ray & Glover, released in 1964.== History ==\nBetween this release and their next, Dave Ray and John Koerner each recorded a solo album, Snaker's Here and Spider Blues, respectively. The trio also appeared at the 1964 Newport Folk Festival, where their performance was recorded for the Vanguard Records album Newport Folk Festival 1964: Evening Concerts Vol. 3. The songs performed by the trio included \"Blackjack DavyLots More Blues, Rags and Hollers is an album by",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which agreement granted US land expanding towards the waterfront near the city where the group known for Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers originated? | [
{
"id": 525129,
"question": "Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers >> performer",
"answer": "Koerner, Ray & Glover",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 315334,
"question": "#1 >> location of formation",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 13165,
"question": "What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to #3 ?",
"answer": "Treaty of Paris",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Treaty of Paris | [] | true | What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to body of water by the city where the Lots More Blues, Rags and Hollers performer was formed? |
2hop__47071_162399 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Vallabhbhai Patel",
"paragraph_text": ", who up to then had been sceptical of the proposed rebellion. Patel's organising work in this period is credited by historians with ensuring the success of the rebellion across India.\nAs the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. Besides those provinces that had been under direct British rule, approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 30). Patel, together with Jawaharlal Nehru and Louis Mountbatten persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India.\nPatel's commitment to national integration in the newly independent country earned him the sobriquet \"Iron Man of India\". He is also remembered as the \"patron saint of India's civil servants\" for playing a pioneering role in establishing the modern All India Services system. The Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue which was erected by the Indian government at a cost of US$420 million, was dedicated to him on 31 October 2018 and is approximately 182 metres (597 ft) in height.\n\n\n== Early life and background ==\n\nSardar Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel, one of the six children of Jhaverbhai Patel and Ladba, was born in Nadiad, Gujarat. He followed Vaishnavism and belonged to Pushtimarg sect of Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya and took the diksha from the descendant of Vallabhacharya. Patel's date of birth was never officially recorded; Patel entered it as 31 October on his matriculation examination papers. He belonged to the Patidars, specifically the Leva Patel community of Central Gujarat; although after his fame, both Leva Patel and Kadava Patidar have claimed him as one of their own.\nPatel travelled to attend schools in Nadiad, Petlad, and Borsad, living self-sufficiently with other boys. He reputedly cultivated a stoic character. A popular anecdote recountsVallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement.VVallabhbhai Patel (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. He was an Indian barrister and statesman, a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a founding father of the Republic of India who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence and guided its integration into a united, independent nation. In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning \"chief\" in Hindi, Urdu, and Persian. He acted as Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. He subsequently organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement. of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. One of Mahatma Gandhi's earliest political lieutenants, he organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress. Under the chairmanship of Patel \"Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy\" resolution was passed by the Congress. Patel's position at the highest level in the Congress was largely connected with his role from 1934 onwards (when the Congress abandoned its boycott of elections) in the party organisation. Based at an apartment in Bombay, he became the Congress's main fundraiser and chairman of its Central Parliamentary Board, playing the leading role in selecting and financing candidates for the 1934 elections to the Central Legislative Assembly in New Delhi and for the provincial elections of 1936. While promoting the Quit India Movement. Patel made a climactic speech to more than 100,000 people gathered at Gowalia Tank in Bombay on 7 August 1942. Historians believe that Patel's speech was instrumental in electrifying nationalists, who up to then had been sceptical of the proposed rebellion. Patel's organising work in this period is credited by historians with ensuring",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Bardoli Satyagraha",
"paragraph_text": " raise in the face of the calamities. The situation for the farmers was grave enough that they barely had enough property and crops to pay off the tax, let alone feed themselves afterwards.\n\n\n=== Considering options ===\nThe Gujarati activists Narhari Parikh, Ravi Shankar Vyas, and Mohanlal Pandya talked to village chieftains and farmers and solicited the help of Gujarat's most prominent freedom fighter, Vallabhbhai Patel. Patel had guided Gujarat's farmers during the Kheda struggle, and had served recently as Ahmedabad's municipal president. He was widely respected by common Gujaratis across the state.\nPatel told a delegation of farmers frankly that they should realise fully what a revolt would imply. He would not lead them unless he had the understanding and agreement of all the villages involved. Refusing to pay the taxes could lead to their property being confiscated, including their lands, and many would go toThe Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement.TheThe Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, in the state of Gujarat, India during the period of the British Raj, was a major episode of civil disobedience and revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. The movement was eventually led by Vallabhbhai Patel, and its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement. its success gave rise to Patel becoming one of the main leaders of the independence movement.\n\n\n== Background ==\nIn 1925, the taluka of Bardoli in Surat district of Gujarat suffered financial troubles. However, the government of the Bombay Presidency had raised the tax rate by 30% that year, and despite petitions from civic groups, it refused to cancel the raise in the face of the calamities. The situation for the farmers was grave enough that they barely had enough property and crops to pay off the tax, let alone feed themselves afterwards.\n\n\n=== Considering options ===\nThe Gujarati activists Narhari Parikh, Ravi Shankar Vyas, and Mohanlal Pandya talked to village chieftains and farmers and solicited the help of Gujarat's most prominent freedom fighter, Vallabhbhai",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the date of death for the individual who initiated the Bardoli Satyagraha on February 4th, 1928? | [
{
"id": 47071,
"question": "who launched the bardoli satyagraha on 4th february 1928",
"answer": "Vallabhbhai Patel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 162399,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "15 December 1950",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | 15 December 1950 | [] | true | When did the person who launched the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4th february 1928 die? |
2hop__700093_455653 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon",
"paragraph_text": " standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as aDimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy.DDimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom Alliance candidate. He resides in Kandy. He is an alumnus of Dharmaraja College.\n\n\n== References ==Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon (born September 6, 1971) is a Sri Lankan politician, belonging to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. In the 2004 election he was elected as a representative of Kandy District in the Parliament of Sri Lanka, standing as a United People's Freedom",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Rohana Wijeweera",
"paragraph_text": ", with the intention of replacing the Dominion of Ceylon with a socialist republic. The JVP ideologically supported the Tamil militants, calling it a war for self-determination, but opposed the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Following the Indo-Lanka accord, the JVP, with the leadership of Wijeweera and a secondary faction, launched a military and social campaign with the aim of overthrowing the government of Sri Lanka. This included two major insurgencies, in 1971 and 1987–1989.\nIn 1989, the government of Sri Lanka then launched Operation Combine with the intention of killing Wijeweera, along with Upatissa Gamanayake. While they succeeded, the JVP maintained its identity as a political party and later joined a coalition government.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nPatabendi Don Jinadasa Nandasiri WijPatabendi Don Jinadasa Nandasiri Wijeweera (; 14 July 1943 – 13 November 1989) known as Rohana Wijeweera, was a Sri Lankan Marxist politician, revolutionary and the founding leader of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. Wijeweera led the party in two unsuccessful insurrections in Sri Lanka, in 1971 and 1987 to 1989. –Patabendi Don Jinadasa Nandasiri Wijeweera (; 14 July 1943 – 13 November 1989) known as Rohana Wijeweera, was a Sri Lankan Marxist politician, revolutionary and the founding leader of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna. Wijeweera led the party in two unsuccessful insurrections in Sri Lanka, in 1971 and 1987 to 1989.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the founder of Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon's political party? | [
{
"id": 700093,
"question": "Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon >> member of political party",
"answer": "Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 455653,
"question": "#1 >> founded by",
"answer": "Rohana Wijeweera",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Rohana Wijeweera | [] | true | Who founded the political party of Dimuthu Bandara Abayakoon? |
2hop__85993_512508 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Neutron",
"paragraph_text": "eters from the soma. The axon leaves the soma at a swelling called the axon hillock and travels for as far as 1 meter in humans or more in other species. It branches but usually maintains a constant diameter. At the farthest tip of the axon's branches are axon terminals, where the neuron can transmit a signal across the synapse to another cell. Neurons may lack dendrites or have no axon. The term neurite is used to describe either a dendrite or an axon, particularly when the cell is undifferentiated.\nMost neurons receive signals via the dendrites and soma and send out signals down the axon. At the majority of synapses, signals cross from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another. However, synapses can connect an axon to another axon or a dendrite to another dendrite. The signaling process is partly electrical and partly chemical. Neurons are electrically excitable, due to maintenance of voltage gradients across their membranes. If the voltage changes by a large enough amount over a short interval, the neuron generates an all-or-nothing electrochemical pulse called an action potential. This potential travels rapidly along the axon and activates synaptic connections as it reaches them. Synaptic signals may be excitatory or inhibitory, increasing or reducing the net voltage that reaches the soma.\nIn most cases, neurons are generated by neural stem cells during brain development and childhood. Neurogenesis largely ceases during adulthood in most areas of the brain.\n\n\n== Nervous system ==\n\nNeurons are the primary components of the nervous system, along with the glial cells that give them structural and metabolic support. The nervous system is madeIn 1931, Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker found that if alpha particle radiation from polonium fell on beryllium, boron, or lithium, an unusually penetrating radiation was produced. The radiation was not influenced by an electric field, so Bothe and Becker assumed it was gamma radiation. The following year Irène Joliot - Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris showed that if this ``gamma ''radiation fell on paraffin, or any other hydrogen - containing compound, it ejected protons of very high energy. Neither Rutherford nor James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge were convinced by the gamma ray interpretation. Chadwick quickly performed a series of experiments that showed that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton. These particles were neutrons. Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1935.In 1931, Walther Bothe and Herbert Becker found that if alpha particle radiation from polonium fell on beryllium, boron, or lithium, an unusually penetrating radiation was produced. The radiation was not influenced by an electric field, so Bothe and Becker assumed it was gamma radiation. The following year Irène Joliot - Curie and Frédéric Joliot in Paris showed that if this ``gamma ''radiation fell on paraffin, or any other hydrogen - containing compound, it ejected protons of very high energy. Neither Rutherford nor James Chadwick at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge were convinced by the gamma ray interpretation. Chadwick quickly performed a series of experiments that showed that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles with about the same mass as the proton. These particles were neutrons. Chadwick won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1935.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_text": "During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics.\nChadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the \"father of nuclear physics\"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. Still in Germany when World War I broke out in Europe, he spent the next four years in the Ruhleben internment camp.\nAfter the war, Chadwick followed Rutherford to the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where Chadwick earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree under Rutherford's supervision from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in June 1921. He was Rutherford's assistant director of research at the Cavendish Laboratory for over a decade at a time when it was one of the world's foremost centres for the study of physics, attracting students like John Cockcroft, Norman Feather, and Mark Oliphant. Chadwick followed his discovery of the neutron by measuring its mass. He anticipated that neutrons would become a major weapon in the fight against cancer. Chadwick left the Cavendish Laboratory in 1935 to become a professor of physics at the University of Liverpool, where he overhauled an antiquated laboratory and, by installing a cyclotron, made it an important centre for the study of nuclear physics.\nDuring the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atom bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, he became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.\n\n\n== Education and early life ==\nJames Chadwick was born in Bollington, Cheshire, on 20 October 1891, the first child of John Joseph Chadwick, a cotton spinner, and Anne Mary Knowles, a domestic servant. He was named James after his paternal grandfather. In 1895, his parents moved to Manchester, leaving him in the care of his maternal grandparents. He went to Bollington Cross Primary School, and was offered a scholarship to Manchester Grammar School, which his family had to turn down as they could not afford the small fees that still had to be paid. Instead he attended the Central Grammar School for Boys in Manchester, rejoining his parents there. He now had two younger brothers, Harry and Hubert; a sister had died in infancy. At the age of 16, he sat two examinations for university scholarships, and won both of them.\nChadwick chose to attend Victoria University of Manchester, which he entered in 1908. He meant to study mathematics, but enrolled in physics by mistake. Like most students, he lived at home, walking the 4 miles (6.4 km) to the university and back each day. At the end of his first year, he was awarded a Heginbottom Scholarship to study physics. The physics department was headed by Ernest Rutherford, who assigned research projects to final-year students, and he instructed Chadwick to devise a means of comparing the amount of radioactive energy of two different sources. The idea was that they could be measured in terms of the activity of 1 gram (0.035 oz) of radium, a unit of measurement which would become known as the curie. Rutherford's suggested approach was unworkable—something Chadwick knew but was afraid to tell Rutherford—so Chadwick pressed on, and eventually devised the required method. The results became Chadwick's first paper, which, co-authored with Rutherford, was published in 1912. He graduated with first class honours in 1911.\nHaving devised a means of measuring gamma radiation, Chadwick proceeded to measure the absorption of gamma rays by various gases and liquids. This time the resulting paper was published under his name alone. He was awarded his Master of Science (MSc) degree in 1912, and was appointed a Beyer Fellow. The following year he was awarded an 1851 Exhibition Scholarship, which allowed him to study and research at a university in continental Europe. He elected to go to the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin in 1913, to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, which provided more accuracy than the earlier photographic techniques, he was able to demonstrate that beta radiation did not produce discrete lines, as has been previously thought, but rather a continuous spectrum with peaks in certain regions. On a visit to Geiger's laboratory, Albert Einstein told Chadwick that: \"I can explain either of these things, but I can't explain them both at the same time.\" The continuous spectrum would remain an unexplained phenomenon for many years.\nChadwick was still in Germany at the start of the First World War, and was interned in the Ruhleben internment camp near Berlin, where he was allowed to set up a laboratory in the stables and conduct scientific experiments using improvised materials such as radioactive toothpaste. With the help of Charles Drummond Ellis, he worked on the ionisation of phosphorus, and the photochemical reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine. He was released after the Armistice with Germany came into effect in November 1918, and returned to his parents' home in Manchester, where he wrote up his findings over the previous four years for the 1851 Exhibition commissioners.\nRutherford gave Chadwick a part-time teaching position at Manchester, allowing him to continue research. He looked at the nuclear charge of platinum, silver, and copper, and experimentally found that this was the same as the atomic number within an error of less than 1.5 per cent. In April 1919, Rutherford became director of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, and Chadwick joined him there a few months later. Chadwick was awarded a Clerk-Maxwell studentship in 1920, and enrolled as a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) student at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. The first half of his thesis was his work with atomic numbers. In the second, he looked at the forces inside the nucleus. His degree was awarded in June 1921. In November, he became a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College.\n\n\n== Researcher ==\n\n\n=== Cambridge ===\nChadwick's Clerk-Maxwell studentship expired in 1923, and he was succeeded by the Russian physicist Pyotr Kapitza. The Chairman of the Advisory Council of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sir William McCormick arranged for Chadwick to become Rutherford's assistant director of research. In this role, Chadwick helped Rutherford select PhD students. Over the next few years these would include John Cockcroft, Norman Feather and Mark Oliphant, who would become firm friends with Chadwick. As many students had no idea what they wanted to research, Rutherford and Chadwick would suggest topics. Chadwick edited all the papers produced by the laboratory.\n\nIn 1925, Chadwick met Aileen Stewart-Brown, the daughter of a Liverpool stockbroker. The two were married in August 1925, with Kapitza as Best Man. The couple had twin daughters, Joanna and Judith, who were born in February 1927.\nIn his research, Chadwick continued to probe the nucleus. In 1925, the concept of spin had allowed physicists to explain the Zeeman effect, but it also created unexplained anomalies. At the time it was believed that the nucleus consisted of protons and electrons, so nitrogen's nucleus, for example, with a mass number of 14, was assumed to contain 14 protons and 7 electrons. This gave it the right mass and charge, but the wrong spin.\nAt a conference at Cambridge on beta particles and gamma rays in 1928, Chadwick met Geiger again. Geiger had brought with him a new model of his Geiger counter, which had been improved by his post-doctoral student Walther Müller. Chadwick had not used one since the war, and the new Geiger–Müller counter was potentially a major improvement over the scintillation techniques then in use at Cambridge, which relied on the human eye for observation. The major drawback with it was that it detected alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and radium, which the Cavendish laboratory normally used in its experiments, emitted all three, and was therefore unsuitable for what Chadwick had in mind. However, polonium is an alpha emitter, and Lise Meitner sent Chadwick about 2 millicuries (about 0.5",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what was the individual involved who determined that atomic nuclei encompassed chargeless neutrons? | [
{
"id": 85993,
"question": "who discovered that the nuclei of atoms contained neutrons that carries no charge",
"answer": "James Chadwick",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 512508,
"question": "#1 >> participant in",
"answer": "Manhattan Project",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Manhattan Project | [] | true | What was the person who discovered that nuclei of atoms contained neutrons with no charge a participant in? |
2hop__31094_31122 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": " is a term used in several ways in different fields.\nIn the philosophy of science, it is used by opponents to describe the position, associated with some logical positivists, that \"knowledge can be clearly learnt through evaluation of the natural world and its substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nA generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism. substances, and, through empirical means, learn truths\".\nThe term also is used to describe a particular methodology for literary analysis.\nSee also: \n\nEmpiricism\nFalsifiability (especially, \"Naïve falsification\")\n\n\n== References ==Naïve empiricism is a term used in several ways",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Idealism",
"paragraph_text": " thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism assertsThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the groundThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.ism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In the West, idealism traces its roots back to Plato in ancient Greece, who proposed that absolute, unchanging, timeless ideas constitute the highest form of reality: Platonic idealism. This was revived and transformed in the early modern period by Immanuel Kant's arguments that our knowledge of reality is completely based on mental structures: transcendental idealism.\nEpistemologically, idealism is accompanied by a rejection of the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism assertsThe earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.Idealism in philosophy, also known as philosophical idealism or metaphysical idealism, is the set of metaphysical perspectives asserting that, most fundamentally, reality is equivalent to mind, spirit, or consciousness; that reality is entirely a mental construct; or that ideas are the highest type of reality or have the greatest claim to being considered \"real\". Because there are different types of idealism, it is difficult to define the term uniformly.\nIndian philosophy contains some of the first defenses of idealism, such as in Vedanta and in Shaiva Pratyabhijña thought. These systems of thought argue for an all-pervading consciousness as the true nature and ground of reality. Idealism is also found in some streams of Mahayana Buddhism, such as in the Yogācāra school, which argued for a \"mind-only\" (cittamatra) philosophy on an analysis of subjective experience. In the West, idealism traces its roots back to Plato in ancient Greece, who proposed that absolute, unchanging, timeless ideas constitute the highest form of reality: Platonic idealism. This was revived and transformed in the early modern period by Immanuel Kant's arguments that our knowledge of reality is completely based on mental structures: transcendental idealism.\nEpistemologically, idealism is accompanied by a rejection of the possibility of knowing the existence of any thing independent of mind. Ontologically, idealism asserts that the existence of all things depends upon the mind; thus, ontological idealism rejects the perspectives of physicalism and dualism. In contrast to materialism, idealism asserts the primacy of consciousness as the origin and prerequisite of all phenomena.\nIdealism came under heavy attack in the West at the turn of the 20th century. The most influential critics were G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell, but its critics also included the new realists and Marxists. The attacks by Moore and Russell were so influential that even more than 100 years later \"any acknowledgment of idealistic tendencies is viewed in the English-speaking world with reservation.\" However, many aspects and paradigms of idealism did still have a large influence on subsequent philosophy.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\nIdealism is a term with several related meanings. It comes via Latin idea from the Ancient Greek idea (���δέα) from idein (���δε���ν), meaning \"to see\". The term entered the English language by 1743. The term idealism was first used in the abstract metaphysical sense of the \"belief that reality is made up only of ideas\" by Christian Wolff in 1747. The term re-entered the English language in this abstract sense by 1796. A. C. Ewing gives this influential definition:\n\nthe view that there can be no physical objects existing apart from some experience...provided that we regard thinking as part of experience and do not imply by \"experience\" passivity, and provided we include under experience not only human experience but the so-called \"Absolute Experience\" or the experience of a God such as Berkeley postulates.\nA more recent definition by Willem deVries sees idealism as \"roughly, the genus comprises theories that attribute ontological priority to the mental, especially the conceptual or ideational, over the non-mental.\" As such, idealism entails a rejection of materialism (or physicalism) as well as the rejection of the mind-independent existence of matter (and as such, also entails a rejection of dualism).\nThere are two main definitions of idealism in contemporary philosophy, depending on whether its thesis is epistemic or metaphysical:\n\nMetaphysical idealism or ontological idealism is the view which holds that all of reality is in some way mental (or spirit, reason, or will) or at least ultimately grounded in a fundamental basis which is mental. This is a form of metaphysical monism because it holds that there is only one type of thing in the universe. The modern paradigm of a Western metaphysical idealism is Berkeley's immaterialism. Other such idealists are Hegel, and Bradley.\nEpistemological idealism (or \"formal\" idealism) is a position in epistemology that holds that all knowledge is based on mental structures, not on \"things in themselves\". Whether a mind-independent reality is accepted or not, all that we have knowledge of are mental phenomena. The main source of Western epistemic idealist arguments is the transcendental idealism of Kant. Other thinkers who have defended epistemic idealist arguments include Ludwig Boltzmann and Brand Blanshard.\nThus, metaphysical idealism holds that reality itself is non-physical, immaterial, or experiential at its core, while epistemological idealist arguments merely affirm that reality can only be known through ideas and mental structures (without necessarily making metaphysical claims about things in themselves). Because of this, A.C. Ewing argued that instead of thinking about these two categories as forms of idealism proper, we should instead speak of epistemic and metaphysical arguments for idealism.\nThese two ways of arguing for idealism are sometimes combined together to defend a specific type of idealism (as done by Berkeley), but they may also be defended as independent theses by different thinkers. For example, while F. H. Bradley and McTaggart focused on metaphysical arguments, Josiah Royce, and Brand Blanshard developed epistemological arguments.\nFurthermore, one might use epistemic arguments,",
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] | In which century did the writer of Alciphron reside? | [
{
"id": 31094,
"question": "Who wrote 'Alciphron'?",
"answer": "George Berkeley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 31122,
"question": "What century did #1 live in?",
"answer": "18th",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | 18th | [
"18th-century"
] | true | The author of Alciphron lived in what century? |
3hop2__565959_223623_162182 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region. In the Nguy��n dynasty, this area was known as Tả Trực K�� (the area located in the right of Th��South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable around Phan Thiết, Nha Trang, and Da Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da",
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "John Phan",
"paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam)Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mount Cẩn",
"paragraph_text": "i Ten.\n\n\n== References ==núi Cẩn is a mountain of the Xuân Sơn National Park in Phú Thọ Province in northern Vietnam. It is the third highest point in the park at 1144 metres. The Park also contains núi Voi and núi Ten.\n\n\n== References ==núi Cẩn is a mountain of the Xuân Sơn National Park in Phú Thọ Province in northern Vietnam. It is the third highest point in the park at 1144 metres. The Park also contains núi Voi and núi Ten.\n\n\n== References ==núi Cẩn is a mountain of the Xuân Sơn National Park in Phú Thọ Province in northern Vietnam. It is the third highest point in the park at 1144 metres. The Park also contains núi Voi and núi Ten.\n\n\n== References ==núi Cẩn is a mountain of the Xuân Sơn National Park in Phú Thọ Province in northern Vietnam. It is the third highest point in the park at 1144 metres. The Park also contains núi Voi and núi Ten.\n\n\n== References ==núi Cẩn is a mountain of the Xuân Sơn National Park in Phú Thọ Province in northernnúi Cẩn is a mountain of the Xuân Sơn National Park in Phú Thọ Province in northern Vietnam. It is the third highest point in the park at 1144 metres. The Park also contains núi Voi and núi Ten.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is John Phan's birthplace located, in the region of the country where Mount Can is? | [
{
"id": 565959,
"question": "Mount Can >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 223623,
"question": "John Phan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | In what region of the country containing Mount Can is the birthplace of John Phan located? |
2hop__511296_2684 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": " Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be includedCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.Vultures 1 is the debut studio album by the American hip hop supergroup ¥$, composed of the rapper Kanye West and the singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be included due to clearance issues. West and Ty Dolla Sign previewed tracks at the Vultures Rave listening party in December 2023, two months before holding numerous public events in Chicago, New York, and Milan. The album was initially distributed using the FUGA platform, allegedly in violation of FUGA's service agreement, and a withdrawal was made from streaming services on February 15, 2024. However, it was then re-distributed by Label Engine the same day. \nIn contrast to West's previous two albums, Jesus Is King (2019) and Donda (2021), Vultures 1 finds him forgoing religious themes and addressing his preceding controversies, as well as themes of money, relationships, sex, and fame. It also sees him returning to an explicit tracklist, with his previous three albums only featuring tracks with clean or censored lyrics. The cover art features West dressed in all-black with his hockey mask, joined by his partner Bianca Censori. The title track was issued as the album's lead single in November 2023, followed three months later by \"Talking / Once Again\" and \"Carnival\", the latter of which topped the US Billboard Hot 100. Music videos were produced for all of the singles, with a new version of \"Vultures\" produced by Havoc being used for the first of its visuals.\nReleased in the wake of West's antisemitic comments, Vultures 1 polarised music critics, many of whom criticized its lyrics regarding the matter—as well as his other controversies. However, some complimented the production and Ty Dolla Sign's contributions. The album marked West's 11th consecutive number-one debut on the US Billboard 200, breaking his tie with Eminem. It topped the charts in several other countries, including Australia, Canada, and Germany, becoming West's first number-one album in the latter country. Vultures 1 was certified gold and silver in New Zealand and the United Kingdom by Recorded Music NZ and the British Phonographic Industry, respectively. All of the album's songs entered the Billboard Hot 100, bringing West to 157 career entries. A sequel album, Vultures 2 released on August 3, 2024, with Vultures 3 also slated for a release later in the year. The performers are scheduled to embark on a world tour in support of the album from 2024 to 2025, planned for cities such as New York and London.\n\n\n== Background and recording ==\nOn August 25, 2023, NBC News reported from two sources that West had been working on music throughout the summer and planned to release an album, revealing \"new music is imminent\". West held a private listening event for the album in Italy on October 1, that Ty Dolla Sign attended and it was rumored they had been collaborating on the project. During that same month, the musicians were spotted in recording studios in Italy, alongside other artists. A joint concert at RCF Arena in Reggio Emilia, Italy was reportedly planned for October 20, 2023, but was delayed by a week and then canceled. The performers had collaborated in the past on multiple occasions, such as West's tracks \"Only One\" (2014) and \"Real Friends\" (2016). In an interview with Big Boy on March 15, 2024, Ty Dolla Sign expressed his loyalty to West, acknowledging both his successes and declines, and stated that he always knew West would regain popularity with each comeback and would celebrate his achievements when he did.\n\nIn an Instagram post on October 23, 2023, Ty Dolla Sign confirmed the album's existence. The post contained a black background with white text that displayed \"¥$\", their duo name; the symbol next to the dollar sign represents the Japanese Yen. During a performance in early November 2023, Ty Dolla Sign said he had just flown in from Saudi Arabia, where he was working with West on their upcoming collaborative studio album and said it would be \"coming real soon\". Videos of the two artists recording with rapper Lil Baby also surfaced online. Images were released of West working on music at a desert studio in the Arabic oasis city al-Ula, appearing in a sparse setting surrounded by chairs and tents. According to the collaborator Darhyl Camper, the artists spent three months recording in Saudi Arabia, mostly in al-Ula. During writing sessions in Dubai, West was joined by the British singer ZLYAH, who was taken aback by the invitation and the fact that the rapper enjoyed his music, as he saw West as an inspiration. ZLYAH contributed to the writing of \"Carnival\" and he learned from this as his first writing credit for another artist; the singer said the process was to \"write down ideas and pitch stuff\" after being provided with beat packages for the instrumentals. He elaborated that West sent reference tracks to the songwriters and they improvised over beats, surmising they \"had great chemistry\" from the start and noting the rapper was involved with the songwriting too. British record producer Fred Again played snippets of a song by West and Ty Dolla Sign at a club, rumored to be from their collaborative project. West recalled the recording had a large budget due to visiting both Saudi Arabia and Italy, declaring that the expenses and \"super mega talents\" were part of why Vultures 1 is superior to other albums.\nOn December 13, 2023, media outlets reported that the interpolation of the boy band Backstreet Boys on \"Everybody\" was not authorized. The following day, West sent a text message to fellow rapper Nicki Minaj asking her for permission to include \"New Body\" on the album; during an Instagram Live stream, to which she denied his request, saying: \"Why would I put out a song that's been out for three years?\" In response to Nicki Minaj's statements, West said: \"I made that girl rewrite her verse three times for 'Monster'. I supported her career. So, I don't know what it is.\" On December 29, 2023, \"Everybody\" was rumored to be released on streaming services. However, it was not released and DJ Pharris previewed another track, \"Talking\", on the Power 92 radio station instead. In late December, around the same time the album was delayed, West issued an apology in Hebrew to the Jewish community for his antisemitismCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery. Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Dur",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Terminator (character)",
"paragraph_text": " successor Legion. \nIn Terminator Salvation (2009) and Dark Fate, the character also appears briefly as an antagonist. In the context of the stories, the plot device of having various robots looking the same provides a certain continuity for theCyberdyne Systems Series T-800 /Cyberdyne Systems Series T-800 / T-850 Model 101, or \"The Terminator\", is a fictional character from the \"Terminator\" franchise portrayed by both Arnold Schwarzenegger and numerous actor stand-ins digitally overlaid with Schwarzenegger's likeness. The Terminator itself is part of a series of machines created by Skynet for infiltration-based assassination missions, and while an android for its appearance resembling a human, it is described as a cybernetic organism consisting of living tissue over a robotic endoskeleton. a 1984 film directed and co-written by James Cameron. While the original Terminator was destroyed, other machines with the same appearance are featured in the sequels. In Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Schwarzenegger's Terminator serves as the main protagonist, while in Terminator Genisys (2015) and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019), he serves as a supporting protagonist, and is pitted against other Terminators sent by Skynet and its successor Legion. \nIn Terminator Salvation (2009) and Dark Fate, the character also appears briefly as an antagonist. In the context of the stories, the plot device of having various robots looking the same provides a certain continuity for theCyberdyne Systems Series T-800 / T-850 Model 101, or \"The Terminator\", is a fictional character from the \"Terminator\" franchise portrayed by both Arnold Schwarzenegger and numerous actor stand-ins digitally overlaid with Schwarzenegger's likeness. The Terminator itself is part of a series of machines created by Skynet for infiltration-based assassination missions, and while an android for its appearance resembling a human, it is described as a cybernetic organism consisting of living tissue over a robotic endoskeleton.The Terminator, also known as a Cyberdyne Systems Model 101 or the T-800, is the name of several film characters from the Terminator franchise portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger. The Terminator himself is part of a series of machines created by Skynet, an",
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}
] | What is the title of the legislation that the actor known for the Terminator movie had enacted? | [
{
"id": 511296,
"question": "Terminator >> performer",
"answer": "Arnold Schwarzenegger",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 2684,
"question": "What was the name of the law passed by #1 ?",
"answer": "\"Donda West Law\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | "Donda West Law" | [] | true | What was the name of the law passed by the actor from Terminator? |
3hop1__86965_488922_4093 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Senate of Pakistan",
"paragraph_text": ". Unlike the National Assembly, the Senate is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution.\nFirst convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each of the four provinces is represented by 23 senators regardless of population, while the Islamabad Capital Territory is represented by four senators, all of whom serve staggered six-year termsFirst convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each province of Pakistan are represented by fourteen senators and eight senators from the tribal areas regardless of population, who serve staggered six-year terms. The Senate secretariat is located in the east wing of the Parliament Building; the National Assembly convenes in the west wing of the same building.TheFirst convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each province of Pakistan are represented by fourteen senators and eight senators from the tribal areas regardless of population, who serve staggered six-year terms. The Senate secretariat is located in the east wing of the Parliament Building; the National Assembly convenes in the west wing of the same building. \"Pakistan upper house\"), constitutionally the House of the Federation, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. As of 2023, It has a maximum membership of 96, of which 92 are elected by the provincial legislatures using single transferable vote. Four represent the Federal Capital . Members sit for terms lasting six years, with half of the house up for election every three years. Unlike the National Assembly, the Senate is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution.\nFirst convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each of the four provinces is represented by 23 senators regardless of population, while the Islamabad Capital Territory is represented by four senators, all of whom serve staggered six-year termsFirst convened in 1973, the Senate's composition and powers are established by the Article 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan. Each province of Pakistan are represented by fourteen senators and eight senators from the tribal areas regardless of population, who serve staggered six-year terms. The Senate secretariat is located",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Prime minister",
"paragraph_text": " check the Prime Minister in unusual situations.\nUnder some presidential systems, such as South Korea and Peru, the prime minister is the leader or the most senior member of the cabinet, but not the head of government. As such, in South Korea, the prime minister is equivalent to that of a vice president which is the second in-command and assumes the presidency in the absence of the president. \nIn many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems, a prime minister is the official appointed to manage the civilIn the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as \"Pradhan Mantri\", meaning \"prime minister\". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as \"Wazir-e-Azam\", meaning \"Grand Vizier\".In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as \"Pradhan Mantri\", meaning \"prime minister\". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as \"Wazir-e-Azam\", meaning \"Grand Vizier\". parliamentary systems of government (be they constitutional monarchies or parliamentary republics), the Prime Minister (or occasionally a similar post with a different title, such as the Chancellor of Germany) is the most powerful politician and the functional leader of the state, by virtue of commanding the confidence of the legislature. The head of state is typically a ceremonial officer, though they may exercise reserve powers to check the Prime Minister in unusual situations.\nUnder some presidential systems, such as South Korea and Peru, the prime minister is the leader or the most senior member of the cabinet, but not the head of government. As such, in South Korea, the prime minister is equivalent to that of a vice president which is the second in-command and assumes the presidency in the absence of the president. \nIn many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems, a prime minister is the official appointed to manage the civilIn the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as \"Pradhan Mantri\", meaning \"prime minister\". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as \"Wazir-e-Azam\", meaning \"Grand Vizier\".A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but rather the head of government, serving as the chief of the executive under either a monarch or a president in a republican form of government. \nIn parliamentary systems of government (be they constitutional monarchies or parliamentary republics), the Prime Minister (or occasionally a similar post with a different title, such as the Chancellor of Germany) is the most powerful politician and the functional leader of the state, by virtue of commanding the confidence of the legislature. The head of state is typically a ceremonial officer, though they may exercise reserve powers to check the Prime Minister in unusual situations.\nUnder some presidential systems, such as South Korea and Peru, the prime minister is the leader or the most senior member of the cabinet, but not the head of government. As such, in South Korea, the prime minister is equivalent to that of a vice president which is the second in-command and assumes the presidency in the absence of the president. \nIn many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems, a prime minister is the official appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.\n\nToday, the prime minister is often, but not always, a member of the legislature or its lower house, and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) without the approval of",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Term limits in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " by setting terms at one year's length, and holding \"that no person be chosen Governor above once in two years.\" Shortly after independence, the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 set maximum service in the Pennsylvania General Assembly at \"four years in seven.\" Benjamin Franklin's influence is seen not only in that he chaired the constitutional convention which drafted the Pennsylvania constitution, but also because it included, virtually unchanged, Franklin's earlier proposals on executive rotation. Pennsylvania's plural executive was composed of twelve citizens elected for the term of three years, followed by a mandatory vacation of four years.\nThe Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1781, established term limits for the delegates of the Continental Congress, mandating in Article V that \"no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years.\"\nOn October 2, 1789, the Continental Congress appointed a committee of thirteen to examine forms of government for the impending union of the states. Among the proposals was that from the state of Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, urging a limitation of tenure, \"to prevent every danger which might arise to American freedom by continuing too long in office the members of the Continental Congress.\" The committee made recommendations, which as regards congressional term limits were incorporated unchanged into the Articles of Confederation (1781–1789). The fifth Article stated that \"no person shall be capable of being a delegate [to the continental congress] for more than three years in any term of six years.\"\n\n\n=== Term limits in the Constitution ===\nIn contrast to the Articles of Confederation, the federal constitution convention at Philadelphia omitted mandatory term limits from the U.S. Constitution of 1789. At the convention, some delegates spoke passionately against term limits such as Rufus King, who said \"that he who has proved himself to be most fit for an Office, ought not to be excluded by the constitution from holding it.\" The Electoral College, it was believed by some delegates at the convention, could have a role to play in limiting unfit officers from continuing.\nWhen the states ratified the Constitution (1787–1788), several leading statesmen regarded the lack of mandatory limits to tenure as a dangerous defect, especially, they thought, as regards the presidency and the Senate. Richard Henry Lee viewed the absence of legal limits to tenure, together with certain other features of the Constitution, as \"most highly and dangerously oligarchic.\" Both Jefferson and GeorgeOffice Term limits President Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four - year terms. A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once, and 2 more four - year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less. Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times, for example, if he or she is Vice President and the President dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction. Vice President Unlimited four - year terms House of Representatives Unlimited two - year terms Senate Unlimited six - year terms Supreme Court No term limits, appointed to serve ``during good behavior ''(but can be impeached and removed from office for`` high Crimes and Misdemeanors''); in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down (by retirement or resignation)Office Term limits President Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four - year terms. A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once, and 2 more four - year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less. Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times, for example, if he or she is Vice President and the President dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction. Vice President Unlimited four - year terms House of Representatives Unlimited two - year terms Senate Unlimited six - year terms Supreme Court No term limits, appointed to serve ``during good behavior ''(but can be impeached and removed from office for`` high Crimes and Misdemeanors''); in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down (by retirement or resignation)",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What do they call the prime minister in the nation where lawmakers serve for six years? | [
{
"id": 86965,
"question": "who is elected for a six year term",
"answer": "Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 488922,
"question": "#1 >> country",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 4093,
"question": "What is the term for prime minister in #2 ?",
"answer": "Wazir-e-Azam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Wazir-e-Azam | [] | true | What is the term for the prime minister in the country where legislators are elected for six year terms? |
4hop1__73810_32392_823060_610794 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.76.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $46,628, and the median income for a family was $62,026. Males had a median income of $38,277 versus $31,438 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,907. About 5.2% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.\n\n\n== Education ==\nA.C. Flora High School serves portions of Forest Acres and is in Richland County School District One. Richland Northeast High School serves the majority of the city and is in Richland School District Two.\n\n\n== Government ==\n\nThe City of Forest Acres is governed by a mayor and four councilmen elected to four-year terms.\nMayor: Frank J. Brunson- served on city council since July 1, 1995; term expires in 2023\n\nCouncil members:\n\nHaskell Kibler - served on city council since July 1, 2021; term expires in 2025\nDavid Black.- served on city council since July 1, 2021; term expires in 2025\nTom Andrews - served on city council since July 1, 2019; term expires 2023\nJohn Barnes - served on city council since July 1, 2019; term expires 2023\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nJordan Anderson, NASCAR driver\nEdgar L. McGowan, Commissioner of the South Carolina Department of Labor (1971-1989) \n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteForest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,606 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area and is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years ofForest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area.ForeForest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10",
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},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "WWNQ",
"paragraph_text": "inese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.\n\n\n== Description ==\nChinese era names were titles adopted for the purposeWWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.\n\n\n== Description ==\nChinese era names were titles adopted for the purpose of identifying and numbering years in Imperial China. Era names originated as mottos or slogans chosen by the reigning monarch and usually reflected the political, economic and/or social landscapes at the time. For instance, the first era name proclaimed by the Emperor Wu of Han, Jianyuan (建元; lit. \"establishing the origin\"), was reflective of its status as the first era name. Similarly, the era name Jianzhongjingguo (建中����; lit. \"establishing a moderate and peaceful country\") used by the Emperor Huizong of Song was indicative of Huizong's idealism towards moderating the rivalry among the conservative and progressive factions regarding political and social reforms.\nThe process of declaring an era name was referred to in traditional Chinese historical texts as jiànyuán (建元). Proclaiming a new era name to replace an existing era name was known as g��iyuán (改元; lit. \"change the origin\"). Instituting a new era name would reset the numbering of the year back to year one, known as yuán nián (元年; lit. \"year of origin\"). On the first day of the Chinese calendar, the numbering of the year would increase by one. To name a year using an era name only requires counting years from the first year of the era. For example, 609 CE was the fifth year of Daye (大��; lit. \"great endeavour\"), as the era began in 605 CE; traditional Chinese sources would therefore refer to 609 CE as Dàyè w�� nián (大��五年).\nThe numbering of the year would still increase on the first day of the",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,227 at the 2020 census. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was estimated to be 849,417 in 2023. It ranks as the third-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the state, and the 71st-most populous in the United States.\nCharleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II, at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) but relocated in 1680 to its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. It remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted its present spelling with its incorporation as a city in 1783. Population growth in the interior of South Carolina influenced the removal of the state government to Columbia in 1788, but Charleston remained among the ten largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.\nCharleston's significance in American history is tied to its role as a major slave trading port. Charleston slave traders like Joseph Wragg were the first to break through the monopoly of the Royal African Company and pioneered the large-scale slave trade of the 18th century; almost one-half of slaves imported to the United States arrived in Charleston. In 2018, the city formally apologized forAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship.The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the county of the city, bordering the capital of the state, which was victorious in the 2017 NCAA Basketball Tournament? | [
{
"id": 73810,
"question": "who won the womens 2017 ncaa basketball tournament",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 32392,
"question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 823060,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Forest Acres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 610794,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Richland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Richland County | [
"Richland County, South Carolina"
] | true | In what county is located the city that shares a border with the capital of the state that won the 2017 NCAA Basketball Tournament? |
2hop__347_59409 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": ", according to the IFPI. The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the public to spend time with her daughter and to begin sessions for her next album. She resumed work in early 2013, performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at President Barack Obama's second inauguration and headlining the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, where there were expectations she would debut new music, although these rumors never materialized. She also released a self-directed autobiographical documentary in February, entitled Life Is But a Dream.\n\nIn March 2013, a two-part hip hop track entitled \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was released onto Beyoncé's SoundCloud account. \"Bow Down\", produced by Hit-Boy, was written after Beyoncé woke up one morning with a chant stuck in her head, feeling angry and defensive. This was melded with a Timbaland-produced second half \"I Been On\" that makes prominent use of a pitch-distorted vocal as a homage to the Houston hip hop scene. Michael Cragg of The Guardian described the song as \"brilliantly odd\", commending its loud, abrasive production, while Pitchfork's Lindsay Zoladz noted the song's assertiveness and believed it served as an introduction of what was to come. \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was perceived as a significant departure from Beyoncé's existing catalogue, particularly for its aggressive nature. The song's atmosphere and its controversial \"Bow down, bitches\" refrain drew a mixed reaction from those who questioned whether the lyric was aimed at women or merely a moment of braggadocio. Beyoncé clarified after the album's release, where elements of \"Bow Down\" appear on the track \"Flawless\", that the song and its refrain were intended as a statement of female empowerment.\nNeither Beyoncé or her representatives commented on the release of \"Bow Down/I Been On\", and many journalists questioned the nature of its release in the context of the release of her upcoming album. Further confusion was created when portions of other tracks \"Grown Woman\" and \"Standing on the Sun\" were used for television advertising campaigns, with a similar lack of explanation as to their purpose. Through much of 2013, the media intermittently reported that the album was delayed or scrapped, with one story alleging Beyoncé had scrapped fifty songs in favor of starting again. In July 2013, a spokesperson for Beyoncé denied speculation that her album had been delayed, stating there was no official release date to begin with and that when a date is set, it would be announced via an official press release. There was considerable confusion among music journalists and fans as Beyoncé engaged in extensive touring, while not discussing the album or its release.\n\n\n== Recording and production ==\nThe original plan was to create the entire album in a month and a half, but in the end it took a year and a half. Beyoncé rented a 40-bedroom mansion for the recording process. Recording sessions began in the summer of 2012 in the Hamptons, New York, where Beyoncé and her husband Jay-Z were living. She invited the \"world's best\" producers and songwriters to accompany them, including Sia, Timbaland, Eric Bellinger, Benny Blanco, Ryan Tedder, Justin Timberlake and The-Dream. Beyoncé described the atmosphere as unconventional, saying, \"we had dinners with the producers every day, like a family ... it was like a camp. Weekends off. You could go and jump in the pool and ride bikes ... the ocean and grass and sunshine ... it was really a safe place.\" She would spend the majority of her day with her newborn daughter, taking some hours out to record music. The album's opening track \"Pretty Hurts\", co-written by Sia, was completed during these sessions. The project was suspended until 2013 and relocated to Jungle City and Oven Studios in New York City, where most of the album was recorded. In an interview for Vogue in JanuaryOn March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyoncé is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. \"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value\", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal. electronic and soul music. Throughout this period, the album's songs and videos were composed in strict secrecy as Beyoncé devised an unexpected release. Beyoncé's desire to assert her full artistic freedom served as inspiration for the album's dark, personal subject matter, which incorporated feminist themes of sex, monogamy, beauty standards and relationship problems.\nBeyoncé was released digitally on the iTunes Store, early in the day and without prior announcement or promotion, and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, earning Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album on the chart. The album sold over 617,000 copies in the United States and 828,773 copies worldwide in its first three days of sales, becoming the fastest-selling album in the history of the iTunes Store up to that point. In the 19 days between the album's release and the end",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Song Cry",
"paragraph_text": " \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different versesIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by Just Blaze. It was released on April 16, 2002. It was the fourth and final single from his sixth studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominatedIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses. studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different versesIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by Just Blaze. It was released on April 16, 2002. It was the fourth and final single from his sixth studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\nThe song is a slow and quiet melodic rap ballad in which Jay-Z laments the break-up of an earlier relationship due to his own neglect and infidelity. Admitting that he is too prideful to publicly display his emotions (\"I can't see 'em coming down my eyes\"), Jay-Z forces the song to \"cry\" instead. This allows Jay-Z to mourn the break-up free of any damage to his masculine image as a street hustler. This furthers the notion that emotional vulnerability is a sign of weakness, especially within the Black community, as Black men in particular suppress vulnerability \"in order to survive.\"\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nThe live performance of \"Song Cry\" from Jay-Z's 2001 MTV Unplugged album features female vocalist Jaguar Wright singing a sample of \"Sounds Like a Love Song\" by Bobby Glenn, though Wright is not identified in the liner notes of the album.\nDuring his 2006 Water for Life Tour, Jay-Z performed \"Song Cry\" at the Royal Albert Hall, the venue's first ever hip hop show. American actress Gwyneth Paltrow did the chorus.\nThe song was also included on the set-lists of his all-stadium tours On the Run Tour in 2014 and OTR II in 2018, both with co-headliner and wife Beyoncé.\n\n\n== Credits and personnel ==\nThe credits for \"Song Cry\" are adapted from the liner notes of The Blueprint.\n\nStudio locations\nMastered at Masterdisk, New York City, New York.\nMixed and recorded at Baseline Studios, New York City, New York.\nPersonnel\nJay-Z – songwriting, vocals\nJust Blaze – production, songwriting\nDouglas Gibbs – songwriting\nRalph Johnson – songwriting\nYoung Guru – recording\nShane Woodley – recording assistant\nJason Goldstein – mixing\nTony Dawsey – mastering\nSamples\n\"Song Cry\" contains samples of \"Sounds Like a Love Song\", as performed by Bobby Glenn and written by Douglas Gibbs and Ralph Johnson.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of songs recorded by Jay-Z\n\n\n== References ==\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by Just Blaze. It was released on April 16, 2002. It was the fourth and final single from his sixth studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\nThe song",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the song "Cry," to whom was the individual who purchased the holding corporation of the music platform that Beyonce possesses a share in referring? | [
{
"id": 347,
"question": "Who acquired the parent company of the music service Beyoncé owns part of?",
"answer": "Jay Z",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 59409,
"question": "who was #1 talking about in song cry",
"answer": "three different relationships he had in the past",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | three different relationships he had in the past | [] | true | Who was the person who acquired the parent company of the music service Beyonce owns part of talking about in the song Cry? |
2hop__310112_88165 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Keturah",
"paragraph_text": "idservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers.\nLouis Feldman has said \"Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them.\"\nAccording to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E.\n\n\n== Relationship with Abraham ==\nKeturah is referred to in Genesis as \"another wife\" of Abraham (Hebrew: א��ש����Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qə���ûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה, Qə���ūrā, possibly meaning \"incense\"; Arabic: قطورة) was a wife and a concubine of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. According to Jewish tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth.\nOne modern commentator on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah \"the most ignored significant person in the Torah\". The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief that Keturah was the same person as Hagar, although this idea cannot be found in the biblical text. However, Hagar was Sarah's Egyptian maidservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers.\nLouis Feldman has said \"Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them.\"\nAccording to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E.\n\n\n== Relationship with Abraham ==\nKeturah is referred to in Genesis as \"another wife\" of Abraham (Hebrew: א��ש����ה Translit.: 'išāh Translated: woman, wife). In First Chronicles, she is called Abraham's \"concubine\" (Hebrew: ������י��������ש�� Translit.: pilegeš Translated: concubine).\nAccording to one opinion in the midrashic work Genesis Rabbah, Keturah and Hagar are names for the same person, whom Abraham remarried after initially expelling. This opinion was adopted and popularized by 11th-century scholar Rashi. Possible justifications for this opinion include the fact that Keturah is referred to 1 Chronicles 1:32 as Abraham's concubine (in the singular), and several other verses which suggest that the descendants of Hagar and Keturah lived in the same territory or formed a single ethnic group. However, this idea was rejected by another rabbi in Genesis Rabbah, as well as by traditional commentators such as Ibn Ezra, Nahmanides, and Rashbam. The Book of Jubilees also supports the conclusion that Keturah and Hagar were two different people, by stating that Abraham waited until after Hagar's death before marrying Keturah. According to modern scholar Richard Elliott Friedman, the identification of Keturah with Hagar has \"no basis ... in the text\".\nGenesis Rabbah interprets the name Keturah inKeturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. to Jewish tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth.\nOne modern commentator on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah \"the most ignored significant person in the Torah\". The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief that Keturah",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Iscah",
"paragraph_text": " in which Iscah is mentioned is extremely brief. As a result rabbinical scholars have developed theories to explain it, typically adopting the claim that Iscah was an alternate name for Sarah (Sarai), the wife of Abraham, particularly that it denoted her role as a prophetess.IsIscah ( – \"Yiskāh\"; ) is the daughter of Haran and the niece of Abraham in the Book of Genesis. The passage in which Iscah is mentioned is extremely brief. As a result rabbinical scholars have developed theories to explain it, typically adopting the claim that Iscah was an alternate name for Sarah (Sarai), the wife of Abraham, particularly that it denoted her role as a prophetess. name for Sarah (Sarai), the wife of Abraham, particularly that it denoted her role as a prophetess.\nThe Babylonian Talmud connects the name Iscah to an Aramaic verbal rooting, meaning \"to see\". It connects the name with prophetic foresight. ModernIscah ( – \"Yiskāh\"; ) is the daughter of Haran and the niece of Abraham in the Book of Genesis. The passage in which Iscah is mentioned is extremely brief. As a result rabbinical scholars have developed theories to explain it, typically adopting the claim that Iscah was an alternate name for Sarah (Sarai), the wife of Abraham, particularly that it denoted her role as a prophetess.Iscah (Hebrew: ��������������ה Yīskā; Greek: ���εσχά) is the daughter of Haran and the niece of Abraham in the Book of Genesis. The passage in which Iscah is mentioned is extremely brief. As a result rabbinical scholars have developed theories to explain it, typically adopting the claim that Iscah was an alternate name for Sarah (Sarai), the wife of Abraham, particularly that it denoted her role as a prophetess.\nThe Babylonian Talmud connects the name Iscah to an Aramaic verbal rooting, meaning \"to see\". It connects the name with prophetic foresight. Modern scholars are not convinced by the Talmud's explanation, and Iscah's etymology is currently regarded as uncertain.\n\"Iscah\" is also believed to be the source of the name \"Jessica\", via a character in William Shakespeare's play The Merchant of Venice.\n\n\n== Biblical text ==\nThe only reference to Iscah is in a brief passage in the Book of Genesis:\n\nAnd Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram's wife [was] Sarai; and the name of Nahor's wife, Milcah, who is the daughter of Haran, who is also the father of Iscah.\n— Genesis 11:29 KJV\n\n\n== Rabbinical interpretation ==\nSince Haran is described as the father of both Iscah and Milcah, Rabbinical scholars concluded that Iscah was another name or title for Sarai. This was formulated in the Targum Pseudo-Yonathan. Howard Schwartz explains:\n\nThe difficult genealogy of Abraham and Sarah in Genesis 11:29 led to confusion as to the identity of Iscah. The resolution found in Targum Pseudo-Yonathan, the Talmud, and other rabbinic sources is that Sarah was Iscah, and that Iscah was a seer. This meaning is derived from the Aramaic root of Iscah, which denotes seeing. This led to the tradition that Sarah was a prophetess as great or greater than Abraham. The implication is that Iscah is a kind of alter ego for Sarah, and that when she turned to her prophetic side, she became Iscah.\nRabbi Isaac commented \"Iscah was Sarah, and why was she called Iscah? Because she foresaw the future by divine inspiration.\" Schwarz describes Iscah as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | After Sarah passed away, who became the spouse of Haran's brother or sister? | [
{
"id": 310112,
"question": "Haran >> sibling",
"answer": "Abraham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 88165,
"question": "who did #1 marry after the death of sarah",
"answer": "Keturah",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Keturah | [] | true | Who did Haran's sibling marry after the death of sarah? |
2hop__176712_8311 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Katherine of England",
"paragraph_text": ", London. She was christened by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Boniface of Savoy, Katherine's maternal great-granduncle, who also stood as her godfather. She received the name Katherine because she was born on the feast of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. A few days after her christening, on the day of Saint Edward the Confessor's death, 5 January 1254, the king held a massive banquet, to which he invited all the nobility, including Emma le Despencer and her son, John. The provisions for this banquet included \"fourteen wild boars, twenty-four swans, one hundred and thirty-five rabbits, two hundred and fifty partridges, fifty hares, two hundred and fifty wild ducks, sixteen hundred and fifty fowls, thirty-six female geese and sixty-one thousand eggs\".\n\n\n== Life ==\nSoon after the banquet, the queen had to leave England and join her husband in Gascony, leaving the infant Katherine at Windsor Castle. The aforementioned Emma le Despencer was appointed governess and her aides were two wet nurses, Agnes and Avisa. The next year, the king and queen returned and the king ordered \"gold clothes, with borders embroidered with the king's coat of arms\", on 2 May 1255 for Katherine.\n\n\n== Death ==\nIn the autumn of 1254, Katherine became gravely ill and was sent to Emma le Despencer's house in Swallowfield. She had few companions of her own age so the king sent one of his men into Windsor Great Park to capture a roe deer for his daughter to play with. The change seemed to benefit the sickly princess, and she was brought back to Windsor around or before February 1256. But, she had a relapse in late 1256. By the king's command, a report of her condition was sent to him by a special messenger during his expedition to France and when he heard of her convalescence he ordered that a \"silver image made after the likeness of a woman\" should be placed in Westminster Abbey as a votive offering, and the bearer of the news was given \"a good robe\". Katherine died on 3 May 1257. After her death, chronicler Matthew Paris described her as \"the most beautiful girl, but mute and useless\", which has raised the question of whether she had a disability throughout her life.\n\n\n== Burial and legacy ==\nKatherine was buried in the ambulatory in Westminster Abbey, in the space between the chapels of King Edward and St. Benet, close to the tomb of her uncle William de Valence. A splendid monument was raised to her memory by the king, rich with serpentine and mosaics, and surmounted by a silver image of his child. The Hermit of Charing was paid fifty shillings a year as long as he lived, that he might support a chaplain to pray daily at the Chapel of the Hermitage for the soul of Katherine; this was \"a common aspect of Henry's commemoration of his deceased relatives\".\nAfter the death of Katherine, both Henry and Eleanor were heartbroken, the queen becoming sick with grief. They did not have any further children.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nArmstrong, Abigail Sophie (2018). The Daughters of Henry III (PhD). Canterbury Christ Church University.\nCostain, Thomas B. (1994). The Magnificent Century. London: Buccaneer Books. p. 324. ISBN 978-1-56849-371-8.\nBadham, Sally; Oosterwijk, Sophie (2012). \"The tomb monument of Katherine, daughter of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence (1253-7)\". The Antiquaries Journal. 92: 169–196. doi:10.1017/s0003581512000078. S2CID 162927416.Katherine of England (Old English: Katerine; 25 November 1253 – 3 May 1257) was the fifth child of Henry III and his wife, Eleanor of Provence. According to 13th-century chronicler Matthew Paris, when Katherine died she was deaf and may have had an intellectual disability, though it is unclear whether this is true. Some modern historians have theorised that Katherine alternately may have had a degenerative disease or a childhood illness; historians disagree on what disease or disability she may have had, or if she had one at all. She died when she was three years old. Her parents \"celebrated her birth and commemorated her in death.\"\n\n\n== Birth ==\nKatherine was born early in the morning at Westminster Palace, Westminster, London. She wasKatherine of England (Old English: \"Katerine\"; 25 November 12533 May 1257) was the fifth child of Henry III and his wife, Eleanor of Provence. She was born either a deaf-mute or just deaf and mentally challenged and was very sickly. She possibly had a degenerative disease, did not survive her fourth year and died at Windsor.KatherineKatherine of England (Old English: \"Katerine\"; 25 November 12533 May 1257) was the fifth child of Henry III and his wife, Eleanor of Provence. She was born either a deaf-mute or just deaf and mentally challenged and was very sickly. She possibly had a degenerative disease, did not survive her fourth year and died at Windsor. have theorised that Katherine alternately may have had a degenerative disease or a childhood illness; historians disagree on what disease or disability she may have had, or if she had one at all. She died when she was three years old. Her parents \"celebrated her birth and commemorated her in death.\"\n\n\n== Birth ==\nKatherine was born early in the morning at Westminster Palace, Westminster, London. She was christened by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Boniface of Savoy, Katherine's maternal great-granduncle, who also stood as her godfather. She received the name Katherine because she was born on the feast of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. A few days after her christening, on the day of Saint Edward the Confessor's death, 5 January 1254, the king held a massive banquet, to which he invited all the nobility, including Emma le Despencer and her son, John. The provisions for this banquet included \"fourteen wild boars, twenty-four swans, one hundred and thirty-five rabbits, two hundred and fifty partridges, fifty hares, two hundred and fifty wild ducks, sixteen hundred and fifty fowls, thirty-six female geese and sixty-one thousand eggs\".\n\n\n== Life ==\nSoon after the banquet, the queen had to leave England and join her husband in Gascony, leaving the infant Katherine at Windsor Castle. The aforementioned Emma le Despencer was appointed governess and her aides were two wet nurses, Agnes and Avisa. The next year, the king and queen returned and the king ordered \"gold clothes, with borders embroidered with the king's coat of arms\", on 2 May 1255 for Katherine.\n\n\n== Death ==\nIn the autumn of 1254, Katherine became gravely ill and was sent to Emma le Despencer's house in Swallowfield. She had few companions of her own age so the king sent one of his men into Windsor Great Park to capture a roe deer for his daughter to play with. The change seemed to benefit the sickly princess, and she was brought back to Windsor around or before February 1256. But, she had a relapse in late 1256. By the king's command, a report of her condition was sent to him by a special messenger during his expedition to France and when he heard of her convalescence he ordered that a \"silver image made after the likeness of a woman\" should be placed in Westminster Abbey as a votive offering, and the bearer of the news was given \"a good robe\". Katherine died on 3 May 1257. After her death, chronicler Matthew Paris described her as \"the most beautiful girl, but mute and useless\", which has raised the question of whether she had a disability throughout her life.\n\n\n== Burial and legacy ==\nKatherine was buried",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Westminster Abbey",
"paragraph_text": " styles or later Baroque and modern styles. The Henry VII Chapel, at the east end of the church, is a typical example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture; antiquarian John Leland called it orbis miraculum (\"the wonder of the world\").\nThe abbey is the burial site of more than 3,300 people, many prominent in British history: monarchs, prime ministers, poets laureate, actors, musicians, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior. Due to the fame of the figures buried there, artist William Morris described the abbey as a \"National Valhalla\".\n\n\n== History ==\nHistorians agree that there was a monastery dedicated to Saint Peter on the site prior to the 11th century, though its exact origin is somewhat obscure. One legend claims that it was founded by the Saxon king Sæberht of Essex, and another claims that its founder was the fictional 2nd-century British king Lucius. One tradition claims that a young fisherman on the River Thames had a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to have been quoted as theSince the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British monarchs and a burial site for 18 English, Scottish, and British monarchs. At least 16 royal weddings have taken place at the abbey since 1100.\nAlthough the origins of the church are obscure, an abbey housing Benedictine monks was on the site by the mid-10th century. The church got its first large building from the 1040s, commissioned by King Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The monastery was dissolved in 1559, and the church was made a royal peculiar – a Church of England church, accountable directly to the sovereign – by Elizabeth I. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St. Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 because of their historic and symbolic significance.\nThe church'sSince the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]s, commissioned by King Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The monastery was dissolved in 1559, and the church was made a royal peculiar – a Church of England church",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what year did Katherine of England's father ascend to the throne? | [
{
"id": 176712,
"question": "Katherine of England >> father",
"answer": "Henry III",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 8311,
"question": "When was #1 crowned?",
"answer": "1216",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | 1216 | [] | true | What year was the father of Katherine of England crowned? |
2hop__73760_712629 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth",
"paragraph_text": ". The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil. The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America. Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as \"the most beautiful dress I had so far made\".\nOn account of the austerity measures following the war, Princess Elizabeth had to use clothing ration coupons to show her entitlement to the dress. The government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons. She was given hundreds of clothing coupons by brides-to-be from all parts of the country to help her acquire the dress. She had to return these coupons as it was illegal for them to have been given away in the first instance. \nThe designs for the dress were approved three months before the wedding. Hartnell's search for suitable designs in London art galleries had led to him to the Botticelli figure. This was the inspiration for the use of ivory silk with flower designs of jasmine, smilax, lilac and white rose-like blossoms added to the train, embellished by white crystals and pearls. These motifs were transferred to drawings to enable embroidery experts to work on them. The dress featured a \"heart-shaped neckline and long tight sleeves\".\nThe silk cloth was chosen at the specific directive of her mother, the Queen, who desired an \"unusually rich, lustrous stiff satin which was made at Lullingstone Castle\". The silkworms to manufacture the silk were bought from Nationalist China, and not from Japan and Fascist Italy, the UK's enemies during the war. Satin was chosen for the train, and a more flexible material of the same tone as the train was chosen for the dress. However, in spite of the careful choice of the silk, the curator of the London Museum observed 30 years later when the dress was on display at the museum that \"the choice of silk was not a good one\" as the fabric had deteriorated considerably due to being weighted with tin salts, effectively rotting the fabric. It was also noted that the \"weight of the embroidery dragged the skirt down, increasing the strain on the weave.\" Round the hem of the dress, \"a border of orange blossom was appliqued with transparent tulle outlined in seed pearls and crystal\".\nThe final design of the dress was kept secret, although much speculation surrounded it. It was said the princess feared that if details were published fashion house copies would make it impossible for her to make last-minute design alterations. The dress was taken to the palace a day before the wedding in a 4-foot (1.2 m) box. On the wedding day, the dress glittered, bejewelled with pearls \"skilfully combined with flowing lines of wheat ears, the symbol of fertility, and worked in pearl and diamante.\"\n\n\n== Similarities ==\nPrincess Elizabeth's wedding dress has drawn parallels with both the similarly designed dress worn by Grace Kelly in 1956 and the \"Westminster décor\" wedding dress that Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen designed for Catherine Middleton; particular points of similarity have been highlighted in the pleats and silhouette of the skirt.\nThe dress was put on display at St James's Palace and was then exhibited in the major cities and towns of the UK.\n\n\n== See also ==\nCoronation gown of Elizabeth II\nList of individual dresses\n\n\n== References ==The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II), was worn at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of Chinese silk, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Without straps and with long sleeves, it provided a \"fit and flare silhouette\".\n\n\n== Design ==\nThe wedding was a royal event held following the end of the Second World War. The dress, designed by the Court Designer Norman Hartnell, had a star-patterned fan-shaped bridal train that was 13 feet (4.0 m) in length. The train, symbolic of rebirth and growth after the war, was stated to be inspired by Botticelli's c.��1482 painting of Primavera, particularly the elaborate embroidery motifs of scattered flowers on the rich satin dress and the tulle veil worn by the royal bride. The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil. The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America. Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as \"the most beautiful dress I had so far made\".\nOn account of the austerity measures following the war, Princess Elizabeth had to use clothing ration coupons to show her entitlement to the dress. The government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons. She was given hundreds of clothing coupons by brides-to-be from all parts of the country to help her acquire the dress. She had to return these coupons as it was illegal for them to have been given away in the first instance. \nThe designs for the dress were approved three months before the wedding. Hartnell's search for suitable designs in London art galleries had led to him to the Botticelli figure. This was the inspiration for the use of ivory silk with flower designs of jasmine, smilax, lilac and white rose-like blossoms added to the train, embellished by white crystals and pearls. These motifs were transferred to drawings to enable embroidery experts to work on them. The dress featured a \"heart-shaped neckline and long tight sleeves\".\nThe silk cloth was chosen at the specific directive of her mother, the Queen, who desired an \"unusually rich, lustrous stiff satin which was made at Lullingstone Castle\". The silkworms to manufacture the silk were bought from Nationalist China, and not from Japan and Fascist Italy, the UK's enemies during the war. Satin was chosen for the train, and a more flexible material of the same tone as the train was chosen for the dress. However, in spite of the careful choice of the silk, the curator of the London Museum observed 30 years later when the dress was on display at the museum that \"the choice of silk was not a good one\" as the fabric had deteriorated considerably due to being weighted with tin salts, effectively rotting the fabric. It was also noted that the \"weight of the embroidery dragged the skirt down, increasing the strain on the weave.\" Round the hem of the dress, \"a border of orange blossom was appliqued with transparent tulle outlined in seed pearls and crystal\".\nThe final design of the dress was kept secret, although much speculation surrounded it. It was said the princess feared that if details were published fashion house copies would make it impossible for her to make last-minute designThe wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Without strapsThe wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Windsor Castle",
"paragraph_text": "Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Elizabeth II.Windsor Castle survived the tumultuous period of the English Civil War, when it was used as a military headquarters by Parliamentary forces and a prison for Charles I. At the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II rebuilt much of Windsor Castle with the help of the architect Hugh May, creating a set of extravagant Baroque interiors that are still admired. After a period of neglect during the 18th century, George III and George IV renovated and rebuilt Charles II's palace at colossal expense, producing the current design of the State Apartments, full of Rococo, Gothic and Baroque furnishings. Queen Victoria made a few minor changes to the castle, which became the centre for royal entertainment for much of her reign. Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992. It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Elizabeth II.St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle in England is a castle chapel built in the late-medieval Perpendicular Gothic style. It is a Royal Peculiar (a church under the direct jurisdiction of the monarch), and the Chapel of the Order of the Garter. St George's Chapel was founded in the 14th century by King Edward III and extensively enlarged in the late 15th century. It is located in the Lower Ward of the castle. \nThe castle has belonged to the monarchy for almost 1,000 years. The chapel has been the scene of many royal services, weddings and burials – in the 19th century, St George's Chapel and the nearby Frogmore Gardens superseded Westminster Abbey as the chosen burial place for the British royal family. The running of the chapel is the responsibility of the dean and Canons of Windsor who make up the College of Saint George. They are assisted by a clerk, verger and other staff. The Society of the Friends of St George's and Descendants of the Knights of the Garter, a registered charity, was established in 1931 to assist the college in maintaining the chapel.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Development of the building ===\n\nIn 1348, King Edward III founded two religious colleges: St Stephen's at Westminster and St George's at Windsor. The new college at Windsor was attached to the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor which had been constructed by Henry III in the early thirteenth century. The chapel was then re-dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, George the Martyr and Edward the Confessor, but soon became known only by its dedication to St George. Edward III also built the Aerary Porch in 1353–54.\n\nThe period 1475–1528 saw a radical redevelopment of St George's Chapel set in motion by Edward IV and continued by Henry VII under the supervision of his most esteemed counsellor, Sir Reginald Bray, and by Henry VIII. The thirteenth-century Chapel of St Edward the Confessor was enlarged into a cathedral-like space under the direction of Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, and the master mason, Henry Janyns.\nThe Chapel suffered a great deal of destruction during the English Civil War. Parliamentary forces broke into and plundered the chapel and treasury on 23 October 1642. Further pillage occurred in 1643 when the fifteenth-century chapter house was destroyed, lead was stripped off the chapel roofs, and elements of Henry VIII's unfinished funeral monument were stolen. Following his execution in 1649, Charles I was buried in a small vault in the centre of the choir at St George's Chapel, which also contained the coffins of Henry VIII and Queen Jane (née Seymour).\nDuring his life and reign, King George III was responsible for reigniting royal interest in Windsor Castle, which had been much overlooked after the House of Hanover came to the throne of the Great Britain in 1714. On 12 August 1776 the royal family first attended the Sunday morning service at St George's Chapel – which they called \"the Cathedral\". George III was committed to St George's Chapel; he inspired and in large part funded an extensive restoration of the chapel from 1780 to 1790.\nThe reign of Queen Victoria saw further changes made to the structure of the chapel. The east end of the choir was reworked in memory of Prince Albert. The Lady Chapel, which had been abandoned by Henry VII, was completed and renamed the Albert Memorial Chapel.\nBy the early twentieth century, the bowing walls, cracked vaulting, decayed stone and stripped lead required urgent attention. In 1920 a much needed ten-year restoration project began at George's Chapel, overseen by the consulting architect Sir Harold Brakspear. As part of this programme, Mahomet Thomas Phillips – an Anglo-Congolese sculpt",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the person residing in Windsor Castle's residences? | [
{
"id": 73760,
"question": "who lives in the houses in windsor castle",
"answer": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 712629,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Philip Mountbatten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Philip Mountbatten | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the individual who lives in the houses in Windsor Castle? |
2hop__23459_35123 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": " terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate, according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term has been documented as early as 1912 to encompass the influence of perceived pan-Islamic propaganda. The Times described Pan-Islamism as a movement with power, importance, and cohesion born in Paris, where Turks, Arabs and Persians congregated. The correspondent's focus was on India: it would take too long to consider the progress made in various parts of the Muslim world. The article considered the position of the Amir, the effect of the Tripoli Campaign, Anglo-Russian action in Persia, and \"Afghan Ambitions\".\nIn a modern geopolitical sense, the terms 'Muslim world' and 'Islamic world' refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there areOne of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which cul",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "History of science",
"paragraph_text": " established as a major influence on global culture and thought.\n\n\n== Early science fiction ==\n\n\n=== Ancient and early modern precursors ===\nOne of the earliest and most commonly-cited texts for those looking for early precursors to science fiction is the ancient Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, with the earliest text versions identified as being from about 2000 BCE. American science fiction author Lester del Rey was one such supporter of using Gilgamesh as an origin point, arguing that \"science fiction is precisely as old as the first recorded fiction. That is The Epic of Gilgamesh.\" French science fiction writer Pierre Versins also argued that Gilgamesh was the first science fiction work due to its treatment of human reason and the quest for immortality. In addition, Gilgamesh features a flood scene that in some ways resembles a work of apocalyptic science fiction. However, the lack of explicit science or technology in the work has led some to argue that it is better categorized as fantastic literature.\n\nAncient Indian poetry such as the Hindu epic the Ramayana (5th to 4th century BCE) includes Vimana, flying machines able to travel into space or under water, and destroy entire cities using advanced weapons. In the first book of the Rigveda collection of Sanskrit hymns (1700–1100 BCE), there is a description of \"mechanical birds\" that are seen \"jumping into space speedily with a craft using fire and water ... containing twelve stamghas (pillars),Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.th centuries, following the scientific revolution and major discoveries in astronomy, physics, and mathematics.\nScience fiction developed and boomed in the 20th century, as the deep integration of science and inventions into daily life encouraged a greater interest in literature that explores the relationship between technology, society, and the individual. Scholar Robert Scholes calls the history of science fiction \"the history of humanity's changing attitudes toward space and time ... the history of our growing understanding of the universe and the position of our species in that universe\". In recent decades, the genre has diversified and become firmly established as a major influence on global culture and thought.\n\n\n== Early science fiction ==\n\n\n=== Ancient and early modern precursors ===\nOne of the earliest and most commonly-cited texts for those looking for early precursors to science fiction is the ancient Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, with the earliest text versions identified as being from about 2000 BCE. American science fiction author Lester del Rey was one such supporter of using Gilgamesh as an origin point, arguing that \"science fiction is precisely as old as the first recorded fiction. That is The Epic of Gilgamesh.\" French science fiction writer Pierre Versins also argued that Gilgamesh was the first science fiction work due to its treatment of human reason and the quest for immortality. In addition, Gilgamesh features a flood scene that in some ways resembles a work of apocalyptic science fiction. However, the lack of explicit science or technology in the work has led some to argue that it is better categorized as fantastic literature.\n\nAncient Indian poetry such as the Hindu epic the Ramayana (5th to 4th century BCE) includes Vimana, flying machines able to travel into space or under water, and destroy entire cities using advanced weapons. In the first book of the Rigveda collection of Sanskrit hymns (1700–1100 BCE), there is a description of \"mechanical birds\" that are seen \"jumping into space speedily with a craft using fire and water ... containing twelve stamghas (pillars), one wheel, three machines, 300 pivots, and 60 instruments\". \nThe ancient Hindu mythological epic the Mahabharata (8th and 9th centuries BCE) includes the story of King Kakudmi, who travels to heaven to meet the creator Brahma and is shocked to learn that many ages have passed when he returns to Earth, anticipating the concept of time travel.\n\nOne frequently cited text is the Syrian-Greek writer Lucian of Samosata's 2nd-century satire True History, which uses a voyage to outer space and conversations with alien life forms to comment on the use of exaggeration within travel literature and debates. Typical science fiction themes and topoi in True History include travel to outer space, encounter with alien life-forms (including the experience of a first encounter event), interplanetary warfare and planetary imperialism, motif of giganticism, creatures as products of human technology, worlds working by a set of alternative physical laws, and an explicit desire of the protagonist for exploration and adventure. In witnessing one interplanetary battle between the People of the Moon and the People of the Sun as the fight for the right to colonize the Morning Star, Lucian describes giant space spiders who were \"appointed to spin a web in the air between the Moon and the Morning Star, which was done in an instant, and made a plain campaign upon which the foot forces were planted\". L. Sprague de Camp and a number of other authors argue this to be one of the earliest if not the earliest example of science fiction or proto-science fiction. However, since the text was intended to be explicitly satirical and hyperbolic, other critics are ambivalent about its rightful place as a science fiction precursor. For example, English critic Kingsley Amis wrote that \"It is hardly science-fiction",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | How long did the person who had the most impact on Islamic philosophy live? | [
{
"id": 23459,
"question": "Who was most influential in Islamic philosophy?",
"answer": "Ibn Sina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 35123,
"question": "What was the life span of #1 ?",
"answer": "980–1037",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 980–1037 | [] | true | What was the lifespan of the most influential figure in Islamic philosophy? |
3hop1__353661_629431_124169 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Governor of Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della CittThe post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.1.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sacerdotii nostri primordia",
"paragraph_text": "acerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primSacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II",
"paragraph_text": "ope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.\nThe Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concelebrating), on 27 April 2014 (Divine Mercy Sunday), in St. Peter's Square (Pope John Paul had died on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). About 150 Cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass, and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass with an estimated 300,000 others watching from video screens placed around Rome.\n\n\n== People present at the canonization ==\nDelegations from over a hundred States or international organizations were present for the canonization in Rome, including 19 heads of state and 24 heads of government.\n\n\n== Images ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== References ==Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.\nThe Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concelebrating), on 27 April 2014 (Divine Mercy Sunday), in St. Peter's Square (Pope John Paul had died on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). About 150 Cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass, and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass with an estimated 300,000 others watching from video screens placed around Rome.\n\n\n== People present at the canonization ==\nDelegations from over a hundred States or international organizations were present for the canonization in Rome, including 19 heads of state and 24 heads of government.\n\n\n== Images ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== References ==Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.\nThe Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concelebrating), on 27 April 2014 (Divine Mercy Sunday), in St. Peter's Square (Pope John Paul had died on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). About 150 Cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass, and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass with an estimated 300,000 others watching from video screens placed around Rome.\n\n\n== People present at the canonization ==\nDelegations from over a hundred States or international organizations were present for the canonization in Rome, including 19 heads of state and 24 heads of government.\n\n\n== Images ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== References ==Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.\nThe Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concelebrating), on 27 April 2014 (Div",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the term of the Governor end in the city where the writer of Sacerdotii Nostri Primordia passed away? | [
{
"id": 353661,
"question": "Sacerdotii Nostri Primordia >> author",
"answer": "John XXIII",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 629431,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 124169,
"question": "On what date did Governor of #2 end?",
"answer": "1952",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | 1952 | [] | true | When did the Governorship end of the city where the author of Sacerdotii Nostri Primordia died? |
3hop1__103662_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica Regency, with its capital at Liquica, consisted of Liquica, Bazar-Tete, and Maubara districts.\nErmera Regency, with its capital at Gleno, consisted of Ermera, Atsabe, Hatolia, Lete-Foho, and Railaco districts.\nAileu Regency, with its capital at Aileu, consisted of Aileu, Remexio, Laulara, and Lequidoe districts.\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\n1999 East Timorese crisis\nEast Timor–Indonesia relations\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nReport of CAVR — Chega!\nETAN.org: East Timor Action Network\nETAN.org: Articles and reports − 1991 to 1996East Timor (Indonesian: Timor Timur) was a province of Indonesia between 1976 and 1999, during the Indonesian occupation of the country. Its territory corresponded to the previous Portuguese Timor and to the present-day independent country of East Timor.\nFrom 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, called \"Portuguese Timor\". In 1974, Portugal initiated a gradual decolonisation process of its remaining overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict between the different Timorese parties erupted. Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 and formally annexed the territory in 1976, declaring it Indonesia's 27th province and renaming it \"Timor Timur\". The United Nations, however, did not recognise the annexation, continuing to consider Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor. Following the end of Indonesian occupation in 1999, as well as a United Nations administered transition period, East Timor became formally independent of Portugal in 2002 and adopted the official name of Timor-Leste.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nFrom 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, in the later years being officially the Portuguese overseas province of Timor, usually referred as \"Portuguese Timor\". Following the Carnation Revolution of 1974, the new Government of Portugal initiated a gradual decolonization process of its overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict erupted between several Timorese political parties, with the left-wing Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) prevailing and gaining control the capital Dili, obliging the Portuguese governor and his staff to move his seat to Atauro Island.\nOn the 28 November 1975, Fretilin unilaterally declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (Portuguese: República Democrática de Timor-Leste) from Portugal. Portugal did not recognize the declaration and the Portuguese governor continued to formally administer the province from Atauro, albeit with limited authority over the rest of East Timor.\nNine days later, Indonesia began an invasion of East Timor proper. Following the invasion, the Portuguese governor and his staff left Atauro aboard two Portuguese warships. As a statement of Portuguese sovereignty, Portugal maintained those warships patrolling the waters around East Timor until May 1976.\nOn 17 July 1976,Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.\nAfter the re-establishment of the independence of East Timor in 2002, the East Timorese government requested that the name Timor-Leste be used in place of \"East Timor\". This is to avoid the Indonesian term and its reminder of the Indonesian occupation.\n\n\n== Government ==\nAs with all provinces of Indonesia, executive authority was vested in a Governor and Vice-Governor elected by the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) every five years. Legislative authority was vested in the DPR",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Radiansyah",
"paragraph_text": " Liga 1 in the 2017 season. Radiansyah made his league debut on 7 May 2017 in a match against Bhayangkara at the Patriot Candrabaga Stadium, Bakasi.\n\n\n=== Martapura ===\nIn 2018, Radiansyah signed a contract with Indonesian Liga 2 club Martapura. He made 27 league appearances and scored 6 goals for Martapura.\n\n\n=== Sriwijaya ===\nHe was signed for Sriwijaya to play in Liga 2 in the 2020 season. This season was suspended on 27 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was abandoned and was declared void on 20 January 2021.\n\n\n=== PersRahel Radiansyah (born May 22, 1991) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Martapura in the Liga 2. He also plays for Persisam Putra Samarinda U-21, with this reserve team he scored 11 goals in two season.Rahel Radiansyah (born May 22, 1991) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for Martapura in the Liga 2. He also plays for Persisam Putra Samarinda U-21, with this reserve team he scored 11 goals in two season.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": "The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Who holds the presidency in the recently proclaimed sovereign nation that is a member of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country of Radiansyah's birth? | [
{
"id": 103662,
"question": "What was Radiansyah birth country?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with Radiansyah's birth country? |
4hop1__629520_49925_13759_736921 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "though there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance onAlthough there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Victor Razafimahatratra",
"paragraph_text": " his education at the Jesuit schools in Fianarantsoa, and then went to Belgium to study at the Theological Faculty of Brussels and the Catechetical Center \"Lumen Gentium\", also in Brussels.\nRazafimahatratra was ordained to the priesthood on 28 July 1956, finishing his studies in 1960. From 1960 to 1963 he was Rector of the Minor Seminary of Fianarantsoa. He made his solemn profession as a Jesuit on 2 February 1963 and then served as Superior of the Jesuit residence in Ambositra until 1969. He was Rector of the Major Seminary and Institute of Superior Studies in Fianarantsoa from 1969 to 1971.\nOn 16 January 1971 Razafimahatratra was appointed Bishop of Farafangana by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 18 April from Archbishop Gilbert Ramanantoanina, SJ, with Archbishop Albert Tsiahoana and Bishop Jean-Pierre-Dominique Zévaco, CM, serving as co-consecrators. Razafimahatratra was later named President of the Episcopal Conference of Madagascar in 1974, and was promoted to Archbishop of Tananarive on 10 April 1976.\nPope Paul created him Cardinal Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme in the consistory of 24 May 1976. Razafimahatratra was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively. On 28 October 1989 the Archdiocese of Tananarive was renamed as the Archdiocese of Antananarivo.\nThe CardinalVictor Razafimahatratra, SJ (8 September 1921 – 6 October 1993) was a Malagasy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Antananarivo from 1976 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1976.VVictor Razafimahatratra, SJ (8 September 1921 – 6 October 1993) was a Malagasy Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Antananarivo from 1976 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1976.6.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nVictor Razafimahatratra was born in Ambanitsilena-Ranomasina, and studied at the Major Seminary of Fianarantsoa before entering the Society of Jesus, more commonly known as the Jesuits, on 19 September 1945. He continued his education at the Jesuit schools in Fianarantsoa, and then went to Belgium to study at the Theological Faculty of Brussels and the Catechetical Center \"Lumen Gentium\", also in Brussels.\nRazafimahatratra was ordained to the priesthood on 28 July 1956, finishing his studies in 1960. From 1960 to 1963 he was Rector of the Minor Seminary of Fianarantsoa. He made his solemn profession as a Jesuit on 2 February 1963 and then served as Superior of the Jesuit residence in Ambositra until 1969. He was Rector of the Major Seminary and Institute of Superior Studies in Fianarantsoa from 1969 to 1971.\nOn 16 January 1971 Razafim",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "ception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month beforeDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death:",
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Wittenberg (district)",
"paragraph_text": "Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in Saxony. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27 municipalities from the former district Anhalt-Zerbst were added to the district of Wittenberg.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe area of the district is 1,933.3 km2 (746.5 sq mi). The main rivers in the district are the Elbe and its tributary, the Schwarze Elster.\n\n\n== Coat of arms ==\nThe coat of arms shows two swords, which is the symbol of a field marshal in the Holy Roman Empire. This title was bestowed upon the counts of Saxony, who therefore added the symbol to their coat of arms. The center of the principality of Saxony was located in the area now covered by the district.\n\n\n== Towns and municipalities ==\n\nThe district of Wittenberg consists of the following towns:\n\nAnnaburg\nBad Schmiedeberg\nCoswig\nGräfenhain",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where in Germany is the district located where the sermon on Marian veneration was delivered by the individual aspiring to alter Victor Razafimahatratra's faith? | [
{
"id": 629520,
"question": "Victor Razafimahatratra >> religion",
"answer": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #1 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 13759,
"question": "Where did #2 preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?",
"answer": "Wittenberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 736921,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Saxony-Anhalt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Saxony-Anhalt | [] | true | In what region of Germany is the district where a sermon on Marian devotion was preached by the man who wanted to reform the religion of Victor Razafimahatratra? |
2hop__124807_135019 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Nephalion",
"paragraph_text": "In Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos, who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros.\n\n\n== References ==\nSources\n\nApollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.\nCitationsIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos, who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros.\n\n\n== References ==\nSources\n\nApollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.\nCitationsIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos, who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros.\n\n\n== References ==\nSources\n\nApollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.\nCitationsIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos, who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros.\n\n\n== References ==\nSources\n\nApollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.\nCitationsIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros.InIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: Νηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from one of his vessels that had washed up ashore on the rocks of Paros.os.\n\n\n== References ==\nSources\n\nApollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.\nCitationsIn Greek mythology, Nephalion (Ancient Greek: ��ηφαλίωνα) was one of the four sons of Minos, who lived on the Greek island of Paros. Nephalion and his brothers Eurymedon, Khryses, and Philolaus rebelled against Herakles and murdered two sailors from",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Minos",
"paragraph_text": " the name Adimas Moas. They had two children, Fiqtor and Theodora.\nDuring Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi's invasion of Ethiopia, Menas had been captured but treated well as a valuable prisoner. The typical fate of prisoners of war at the time was to be castrated and enslaved. This clemency came to an end in 1542, when theIn Greek mythology, Minos (; , \"Minōs\") was the first King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld.MIn Greek mythology, Minos (; , \"Minōs\") was the first King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld.1563, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was a brother of Gelawdewos and the son of Emperor Dawit II. \n\n\n== Early life ==\nAccording to a genealogy collected by James Bruce, Menas' father Lebna Dengel arranged Menas to be married to the daughter of Robel, governor of Bora and Selawe; upon becoming empress she took the name Adimas Moas. They had two children, Fiqtor and Theodora.\nDuring Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi's invasion of Ethiopia, Menas had been captured but treated well as a valuable prisoner. The typical fate of prisoners of war at the time was to be castrated and enslaved. This clemency came to an end in 1542, when theIn Greek mythology, Minos (; , \"Minōs\") was the first King of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa. Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus's creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld.Menas (Ge'ez: ���������, romanized: mēnās) or Minas, throne name Admas Sagad I (Ge’ez: ������������ ���������, died 1563), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1559 until his death in 1563, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was a brother of Gelawdewos and the son of Emperor Dawit II. \n\n\n== Early life ==\nAccording to a genealogy collected by James Bruce, Menas' father Lebna Dengel arranged Menas to be married to the daughter of Robel, governor of Bora and Selawe; upon becoming empress she took the name Adimas Moas. They had two children, Fiqtor and Theodora.\nDuring Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi's invasion of Ethiopia, Menas had been captured but treated well as a valuable prisoner. The typical fate of prisoners of war at the time was to be castrated and enslaved. This clemency came to an end in 1542, when the Imam, desperate for help from his fellow Muslims, included Menas in an assortment of extravagant gifts to the sultan of Yemen in return for military aid. Portuguese Jesuit, Jeronimo Lobo stated that he was held a long-time prisoner in Yemen where he had converted to Islam. \nHowever, Imam Ahmad's son was later captured in the aftermath of the Battle of Wayna Daga, Gelawdewos used his prisoner to recover his brother Menas; according to Pankhurst, \"when the royal family was reunited there were many days of celebrations.\"\n\n\n== Reign ==\nMenas was crowned emperor at Mengista Samayat, now called Mengisto, southwest of Debre Werq in Gojjam, and shortly afterwards he campaigned against the Beta Israel in Semien province.According to Jeronimo Lobo, Menas was known to have all the bad qualities of his brother but not any of the good.\nMenas made no use of his ancestors capitals in Shewa and Fatagar or of his predecessor's (Galawdewos) in Wej, and instead he established his residence in Guba'e (now known as Emfraz) a settlement located near Lake Tana.\nHe ban",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of Nephalion's paternal grandmother? | [
{
"id": 124807,
"question": "What is Nephalion's father's name?",
"answer": "Minos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 135019,
"question": "Who is #1 's mother?",
"answer": "Europa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Europa | [] | true | Who is the mother of Nephalion's father? |
2hop__63483_786853 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Lego Batman Movie",
"paragraph_text": "The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 3D computer - animated superhero comedy film, produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the Lego Batman toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia, and Denmark, and the first spin - off installment of The Lego Movie. The story focuses on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear to stop the Joker's latest plan, with Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film, along with Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson, and Ralph Fiennes.The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 3D computer - animated superhero comedy film, produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the Lego Batman toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia, and Denmark, and the first spin - off installment of The Lego Movie franchise. The story focuses on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear to stop The Joker's latest plan, with Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film, along with Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson, and Ralph Fiennes.The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 animated superhero comedy film produced by Warner Animation Group, DC Entertainment, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Lego System A/S, Lin Pictures, Lord Miller Productions, and Vertigo Entertainment, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was directed by Chris McKay (in his feature directorial debut) from a screenplay by Seth Grahame-Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern, and John Whittington. Based on the characters from the DC Universe created by DC Comics and the Lego DC Super Heroes' Batman toy line, the film is a collaboration between production houses from the United States, Australia, and Denmark, the first spin-off in The Lego Movie franchise and the second installment overall. The film features Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman from The Lego Movie alongside Zach Galifianakis,",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "On Broadway (film)",
"paragraph_text": ", Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.On Broadway is an independent film, shot in Boston in May 2006, starring Joey McIntyre, Jill Flint, Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nEmotionally devastated by the death of his uncle, Boston carpenter Jack O'Toole (McIntyre) writes a play inspired by the man's wake. When nobody will produce the play, Jack quits his job to produce it himself, imagining that this play will give a new start to the strained relationship Jack has with his father. But the only stage Jack can afford is in the back room of a neighborhood pub. In this humble environment, Jack pulls together a theater company of sorts and brings his story to the stage, and in the process he brings together his family and friends and helps them move beyond their loss.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJoey McIntyre as Jack O'Toole, a carpenter turned playwright\nEliza Dushku as Lena Wilson, the lead actress in Jack's play\nMike O'Malley as Father Rolie O'Toole, Jack's priest brother\nSean Lawlor as Martin O'Toole, Jack's estranged father\nWill Arnett as Tom, the actor and Jack's friend\nAmy Poehler as Farrah, Tom's wife\nLance Greene as Billy O'Toole, Pete's son and Jack's cousin\nRobert Wahlberg as Kevin Sheehan, Jack's cousin\nVincent Dowling as Augie Burke, a friend of the O'Tooles\nLucOn Broadway is an independent film, shot in Boston in May 2006, starring Joey McIntyre, Jill Flint, Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.== Plot ==\nEmotionally devastated by the death of his uncle, Boston carpenter Jack O'Toole (McOn Broadway is an independent film, shot in Boston in May 2006, starring Joey McIntyre, Jill Flint, Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.On Broadway is an independent film, shot in Boston in May 2006, starring Joey McIntyre, Jill Flint, Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nEmotionally devastated by the death of his uncle, Boston carpenter Jack O'Toole (McIntyre) writes a play inspired by the man's wake. When nobody will produce the play, Jack quits his job to produce it himself, imagining that this play will give a new start to the strained relationship Jack has with his father. But the only stage Jack can afford is in the back room of a neighborhood pub. In this humble environment, Jack pulls together a theater company of sorts and brings his story to the stage, and in the process he brings together his family and friends and helps them move beyond their loss.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJoey McIntyre as Jack O'Toole, a carpenter turned playwright\nEliza Dushku as Lena Wilson, the lead actress in Jack's play\nMike O'Malley as Father Rolie O'Toole, Jack's priest brother\nSean Lawlor as Martin O'Toole, Jack's estranged father\nWill Arnett as Tom, the actor and Jack's friend\nAmy Poehler as Farrah, Tom's wife\nLance Greene as Billy O'Toole, Pete's son and Jack's cousin\nRobert Wahlberg as Kevin Sheehan, Jack's cousin\nVincent Dowling as Augie Burke, a friend of the O'Tooles\nLucas Caleb Rooney as Neil Quinn, Jack's friend\nJill Flint as Kate O'Toole, Jack's wife\nAndrew Connolly as Pete O'Toole, Jack's late uncle\n\n\n== Credits ==\nThe film was written and directed by playwright/screenwriter Dave McLaughlin and shot by cinematographer Terrence Fitzgerald Hayes. The film was produced by Charlie Harrington.\nAdditional cast members included Vincent Dowling, Sean Lawlor, Lucas Caleb Rooney, Lance Greene, Andrew Connolly, Peter Giles, Dossy Peabody, Will Harris and Nancy E. Carroll.\n\n\n== Release ==\nOn Broadway had its festival release at a sold-out premiere at the Independent Film Festival of Boston on April 27, 2007. It received good reviews. The film went on to screen at the film festivals of Woods Hole, Galway, New Hampshire, Hoboken, New Jersey, Waterfront, Napa and Northampton. It won an award for Best Feature in the Galway Film Fleadh, another for Audience Best Feature in the Woods Hole Film Festival, the Grand Jury Prize for Best Film in the New Hampshire Film Festival and had six nominations in the Hoboken Film Festival. At the 2007 Phoenix Film Festival On Broadway won the Sundance Channel Audience Award for Best Film, and Joey McIntyre won the Best Breakthrough Performance Award at the same festival.\nOn Broadway had a theatrical release on March 14, 2008 in Boston at the Somerville Theater, West Newton Cinema, Sharon Cinemas 8 and Dedham Community Theater.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nOn Broadway at IMDb\nOn Broadway at Rotten TomatoesOn Broadway is an independent film, shot in Boston in May 2006, starring Joey McIntyre, Jill Flint, Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nEmotionally devastated by the death of his uncle, Boston carpenter Jack O'Toole (McIntyre) writes a play inspired by the man's wake. When nobody will produce the play, Jack quits his job to produce it himself, imagining that this play will give a new start to the strained relationship Jack has with his father. But the only stage Jack can afford is in the back room of a neighborhood pub. In this humble environment, Jack pulls together a theater company of sorts and brings his story to the stage, and in the process he brings together his family and friends and helps them move beyond their loss.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJoey McIntyre as Jack O'Toole, a carpenter turned playwright\nEliza Dushku as Lena Wilson, the lead actress in Jack's play\nMike O'Malley as Father Rolie O'Toole, Jack's priest brother\nSean Lawlor as Martin O'Toole, Jack's estranged father\nWill Arnett as Tom, the actor and Jack's friend\nAmy Poehler as Farrah, Tom's wife\nLance Greene as Billy O'Toole, Pete's son and Jack's cousin\nRobert Wahlberg as Kevin Sheehan, Jack's cousin\nVincent Dowling as Augie Burke, a friend of the O'Tooles\nLucas Caleb Rooney as Neil Quinn, Jack's friend\nJill Flint as Kate O'Toole, Jack's wife\nAndrew Connolly as Pete O'Toole, Jack's late uncle\n\n\n== Credits ==\nThe film was written and directed by playwright/screenwriter Dave McLaughlin and shot by cinematographer Terrence Fitzgerald Hayes. The film was produced by Charlie Harrington.\nAdditional cast members included Vincent Dowling, Sean Lawlor, Lucas Caleb Rooney, Lance Greene, Andrew Connolly, Peter Giles, Dossy Peabody, Will Harris and Nancy E. Carroll.\n\n\n== Release ==\nOn Broadway had its festival release at a sold-out premiere at the Independent Film Festival of Boston on April 27, 2007. It received good reviews. The film went on to screen at the film festivals of Woods Hole, Galway, New Hampshire, Hoboken, New Jersey, Waterfront, Napa and Northampton. It won an award for Best Feature in the Galway Film Fleadh, another for Audience Best Feature in the Woods Hole Film Festival, the Grand Jury Prize for Best Film in the New Hampshire Film Festival and had six nominations in the Hoboken Film Festival. At the 2007 Phoenix Film Festival On Broadway won the Sundance Channel Audience Award for Best Film, and Joey McIntyre won the Best Breakthrough Performance Award at the same festival.\nOn Broadway had a theatrical release on March 14, 2008 in Boston at the Somerville Theater, West Newton Cinema, Sharon Cinemas 8 and Dedham Community Theater.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nOn Broadway at IMDb\nOn Broadway at Rotten TomatoesOn Broadway is an independent film, shot in Boston in May 2006, starring Joey McIntyre, Jill Flint, Eliza Dushku, Mike O'Malley, Robert Wahlberg, Amy Poehler and Will Arnett.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nEmotionally devastated by the death of his uncle, Boston carpenter Jack O'Toole (McIntyre) writes a play inspired by the man's wake. When nobody will produce the play, Jack quits his job to produce it himself, imagining that this play will give a new start to the strained relationship Jack has with his father. But the only stage Jack can afford is in the back room of a neighborhood pub. In this humble environment, Jack pulls together a theater company of sorts and brings his story to the stage, and in the process he brings together his family and friends and helps them move beyond their loss.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nJoey McIntyre as Jack O'Toole, a carpenter turned playwright\nEliza Dushku as Lena Wilson, the lead actress in Jack's play\nMike O'Malley as Father Rolie O'Toole, Jack's priest brother\nSean Lawlor as Martin O'Toole, Jack's estranged father\nWill Arnett as Tom, the actor and Jack's friend\nAmy Poehler as Farrah, Tom's wife\nLance Greene as Billy O'Toole, Pete's son and Jack's cousin\nRobert Wahlberg as Kevin Sheehan, Jack's cousin\nVincent Dowling as Augie Burke, a friend of the O'Tooles\nLuc",
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}
] | Who is married to the individual who portrays Batman in the Lego Batman Movie? | [
{
"id": 63483,
"question": "who plays batman in the lego batman movie",
"answer": "Will Arnett",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 786853,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Amy Poehler",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Amy Poehler | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the person who plays Batman in the Lego Batman Movie? |
3hop1__109113_720914_27537 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected in Lawrence reaching towards the beam of light breaking through the clouds above him.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Works Cited ==\nRosand, David (1997). Painting in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521562867.\nSherman, Allison (2013). \"Murder and Martyrdom: Titian's Gesuiti \"Saint Lawrence\" as a Family Peace Offering\". Artibus et Historiae. 34 (68): 39–54. ISSN 0391-9064.\nJacobus, De Voragine, Approximately, William Caxton, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Westminster, 20 Nov, 1483. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/48043527/.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by TitianThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a Renaissance era oil painting by the Venetian artist Titian, dated from 1558. It depicts the Ancient Romans' murder of Saint Lawrence and was originally an altarpiece in the Church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected in Lawrence reaching towards the beam of light breaking through the clouds above him.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Works Cited ==\nRosand, David (1997). Painting in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521562867.\nSherman, Allison (2013). \"Murder and Martyrdom: Titian's Gesuiti \"Saint Lawrence\" as a Family Peace Offering\". Artibus et Historiae. 34 (68): 39–54. ISSN 0391-9064.\nJacobus, De Voragine, Approximately, William Caxton, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Westminster, 20 Nov, 1483. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/48043527/.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by TitianThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a Renaissance era oil painting by the Venetian artist Titian, dated from 1558. It depicts the Ancient Romans' murder of Saint Lawrence and was originally an altarpiece in the Church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian'sThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Venus with a Mirror",
"paragraph_text": " marvelous ancient stones.\" The painting is said to celebrate the ideal beauty of the female form, or to be a critique of vanity, or perhaps both. It was copied by several later artists, including Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck.\nTitianVenus with a Mirror (about 1555) is a painting by Titian, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and it is considered to be one of the collection's highlights..\nThe pose of the Venus resembles the classical statues of the Venus de' Medici in Florence or the Capitoline Venus in Rome, which Titian may have seen when he wrote that was \"learning from the marvelous ancient stones.\" The painting is said to celebrate the ideal beauty of the female form, or to be a critique of vanity, or perhaps both. It was copied by several later artists, including Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck.\nTitian made a number of paintings of the same subject, but this is believed to be the earliest and the only version to be entirely by the hand of Titian, without additions by his assistants. It remained in his house until his death in 1576.\n\n\n== Painting, and versions ==\nX-rays of the painting have revealed that Titian painted it over a double portrait which he had abandoned. Titian kept the red cloak of one of the figures in the abandoned painting and placed it under Venus's arm. The use of the cloak from the earlier painting probably played a large part in the composition of the new painting.\nTitian is believed to have made another version of this Venus for the Venetian lawyer Niccolo Crasso, who also commissioned Titian to paint the Retable of Saint Nicholas de Bari at about the same time. A drawing of the other version was included by Anthony van Dyck in the sketchbook made during his trip to Italy.",
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] | What prompted Roncalli to depart from the city where the artist responsible for 'Venus with a Mirror' passed away? | [
{
"id": 109113,
"question": "Who developed Venus with a Mirror?",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome",
"Roma"
] | true | Why did Roncalli leave the city where the painter of Venus with a Mirror died? |
2hop__123509_5385 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": ", and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (which house offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 and I-40 corridors, one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and New Mexico, north towards Wichita and Kansas City, west to Albuquerque, and east towards Little Rock and Memphis. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. It was the site of the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died, the deadliest terror attack in U.S. history until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.\nSince weather records have been kept beginning in 1890, Oklahoma City has been struck by 14 violent tornadoes, 11 of which were rated F4 or EF4 on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales, and one each rated F5 and EF5.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the \"Unassigned Lands\" was opened for settlement in an event known as \"The Land Run\". On April 26 of that year its first mayor was elected, William Couch. Some 10,000 homesteaders settled the area that would become the capital of Oklahoma. The town grew quickly; the population doubled between 1890 and 1900. Early leaders of the development of the city included Anton H. Classen, John Wilford Shartel, Henry Overholser, Oscar Ameringer, Jack C. Walton, Angelo C. Scott, and James W. Maney.\n\nBy the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City hadWhile not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). population, and is the 8th largest city in the Southern United States. The population grew following the 2010 census and reached 681,054 in the 2020 census. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Mark F. Green",
"paragraph_text": " F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with formerMark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with former U.S. Attorney Robert \"Bruce\" Green. Since 1991, Mark Green has been a sole practitioner handling a wide array of civil and criminal cases.Mark FMark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with former U.S. Attorney Robert \"Bruce\" Green. Since 1991, Mark Green has been a sole practitioner handling a wide array of civil and criminal cases.Mark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with former U.S. Attorney Robert \"Bruce\" Green. Since 1991, Mark Green has been a sole practitioner handling a wide array of civil and criminal cases.Mark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with formerMark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with former U.S. Attorney Robert \"Bruce\" Green. Since 1991, Mark Green has been a sole practitioner handling a wide array of civil and criminal cases.Mark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with former U.S. Attorney Robert \"Bruce\" Green. Since 1991, Mark Green has been a sole practitioner handling a wide array of civil and criminal cases.Mark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the office in 1983 to practice law privately in Muskogee. From 1983 to 1991, Green was a partner in the law firm of Green and Green with former U.S. Attorney Robert \"Bruce\" Green. Since 1991, Mark Green has been a sole practitioner handling a wide array of civil and criminal cases.Mark F. Green graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a bachelor's degree in finance in 1975 and the OU College of Law with a Juris Doctorate in 1978. After graduating, Green began working as an Assistant US Attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma's U.S. Attorney's Office out of Muskogee, Oklahoma. Green left the",
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] | What is the total number of employees at the university associated with Mark F. Green? | [
{
"id": 123509,
"question": "Which college or university is related with Mark F. Green?",
"answer": "University of Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 5385,
"question": "How many people work in #1 ?",
"answer": "11,900",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 11,900 | [] | true | How many people work in the university that is related with Mark F. Green? |
2hop__860241_766393 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Patrick Modiano",
"paragraph_text": "; on his paternal side he was descended from the well known Italo-Jewish Modiano family of Thessaloniki, Greece. His mother, Louisa Colpeyn (1918–2015), was a Flemish actress. Modiano's parents met in occupied Paris during World War II and began their relationship semi-clandestinely (they separated shortly after Patrick's birth). His father had refused to wear the yellow badge that Jews were required to wear and did not turn himself in when Paris Jews were rounded up for deportation to Nazi concentration camps. He was picked up in February 1942, and narrowly missed deportation, thanks to a friend's intervention. During the war years Albert did business on the black market and was allegedly associated with the Carlingue, the Gestapo's French auxiliaries which recruited its leaders from the underworld. Albert Modiano never clearly spoke of this period to his son before his death in 1977.\nPatrick Modiano's childhood took place in a unique atmosphere. He was initially brought up by his maternal grandparents who taught him Flemish as his first language. The absence of his father, and frequently also of his mother who went on tour, brought him closer to his brother, RudyJean Patrick Modiano (; born 30 July 1945), generally known as Patrick Modiano, is a French novelist and recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. He previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for \"Rue des boutiques obscures\", and the 1972 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française for \"Les Boulevards de ceinture\". His works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around France, but most of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize.JJean Patrick Modiano (; born 30 July 1945), generally known as Patrick Modiano, is a French novelist and recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. He previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for \"Rue des boutiques obscures\", and the 1972 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française for \"Les Boulevards de ceinture\". His works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around France, but most of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize. of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize.\nModiano previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for Rue des boutiques obscures, and the 1972 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française for Les Boulevards de ceinture.\n\n\n== Early and personal life ==\nJean Patrick Modiano was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, a commune in the western suburbs of Paris on July 30, 1945. His father, Albert Modiano (1912–77, born in Paris), was of Jewish-Italian origin; on his paternal side he was descended from the well known Italo-Jewish Modiano family of Thessaloniki, Greece. His mother, Louisa Colpeyn (1918–2015), was a Flemish actress. Modiano's parents met in occupied Paris during World War II and began their relationship semi-clandestinely (they separated shortly after Patrick's birth). His father had refused to wear the yellow badge that Jews were required to wear and did not turn himself in when Paris Jews were rounded up for deportation to Nazi concentration camps. He was picked up in February 1942, and narrowly missed deportation, thanks to a friend's intervention. During the war years Albert did business on the black market and was allegedly associated with the Carlingue, the Gestapo's French auxiliaries which recruited its leaders from the underworld. Albert Modiano never clearly spoke of this period to his son before his death in 1977.\nPatrick Modiano's childhood took place in a unique atmosphere. He was initially brought up by his maternal grandparents who taught him Flemish as his first language. The absence of his father, and frequently also of his mother who went on tour, brought him closer to his brother, RudyJean Patrick Modiano (; born 30 July 1945), generally known as Patrick Modiano, is a French novelist and recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. He previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut de France for lifetime achievement, the 1978 Prix Goncourt for \"Rue des boutiques obscures\", and the 1972 Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française for \"Les Boulevards de ceinture\". His works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around France, but most of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize.Jean Patrick Modiano (French: [������ pat��ik m��djano]; born 30 July 1945), generally known as Patrick Modiano, is a French novelist and recipient of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is a noted writer of autofiction, the blend of autobiography and historical fiction.\nIn more than 40 books, Modiano has used his fascination with the human experience of World War II in France to examine individual and collective identities, responsibilities, loyalties, memory, and loss. Because of his obsession with the past, he is sometimes compared to Marcel Proust. Modiano's works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around France, but most of his novels had not been translated into English before he was awarded the Nobel Prize.\nModiano previously won the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature, the 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca from the Institut",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Missing Person (novel)",
"paragraph_text": " stop during the Second World War. It seems that he is Jimmy Pedro Stern, a Greek Jew from Salonica, who was living in Paris under an assumed name, Pedro McEvoy, and working for the legation of the Dominican Republic. He and several friends (Denise Coudreuse, a French model who shares his life; Freddie Howard Luz, a British citizen originally from Mauritius; Gay Orlov, an American dancer of Russian origin; and André Wildmer, an English former jockey, all of whom are enemy nationals) went to Megève to escape a Paris that had become dangerous for them during the German occupation. Denise and Pedro attempted to flee to Switzerland, and paid a smuggler who abandoned them in the mountains, separating them and leaving them lost in the snow.\nHaving partially recovered his memory, Guy Roland goes to look for Freddie, who went to live in Polynesia after the war. When he arrives in Bora Bora, he learns that Freddie has disappeared, either lost at sea or by choice. At the end of the novel he is about to follow the last clue that remains to his past: an address in the Via della Botteghe Obscure in Rome, where Jimmy Pedro Stern is recorded as having lived in the 1930s.\n\n\n== Characters ==\nGuy Roland - The story's protagonist. He lost his memory during the war. He works as a private detective and tries to recover his past throughout the novel.\nConstantin van Hutte - The head of the detective agency who gives Guy his new identity. He retires to Nice early in the story.\nPaul Sonachidtze - Guy's starting point on his journey.\nJean Heurteur - A restaurateur and friend of Sonachidze's.\nMr. Styoppa de Dzhagorev - A Russian immigrant.\nGay Orlov - Another Russian immigrant. Died of a drug overdose.\nWaldo Blunt - The pianist husband of Gay Orlov.\nClaude Howard de Luz - Cousin of Freddie Howard de Luz.\nFreddie (Alfred Jean) Howard de Luz - friend of Pedro. A confidant of John Gilbert. Second husband of Gay Orlov.\nRobert - Groundskeeper of the Howard de Luz estate.\nDenise Coudreuse - French model and the protagonist's wife, married April 3,1039 (p. 79 of Weissbort translation).\n\n\n== Reception ==\nAt the time of publication, French reviews considered Rue des Boutiques Obscures to be Modiano’s best novel to date and praised the author for his economic style comparable to Kafka or Camus’ The Stranger. As well as winning the Goncourt, the novel won le Prix des Détectives. Missing Person can be considered Modiano’s best known work in the English world and has also been described as ‘quintessential Modiano’ and the best book to start with the author.\n\n\n== Editions ==\nRue des boutiques obscures, « Blanche » collection, Gallimard, 1978, (ISBN 2070283836)\nRue des boutiques obscures, « Folio » collection, GallimMissing Person (French: \"Rue des Boutiques Obscures\") is the sixth novel by French writer Patrick Modiano, published on 5 September 1978. In the same year it was awarded the Prix Goncourt. The English translation by Daniel Weissbort was published in 1980. Rue des Boutiques Obscures (literally 'the Street of dark shops') is the name of a street in Rome () where one of the characters lived, and where Modiano himself lived for some time.MMissing Person (French: \"Rue des Boutiques Obscures\") is the sixth novel by French writer Patrick Modiano, published on 5 September 1978. In the same year it was awarded the Prix Goncourt. The English translation by Daniel Weissbort was published in 1980. Rue des Boutiques Obscures (literally 'the Street of dark shops') is the name of a street in Rome () where one of the characters lived, and where Modiano himself lived for some time. and where Modiano himself lived for some time.\nOn 9 October 2014, Patrick Modiano was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nGuy Roland is an amnesiac detective who lost his memory ten years before the beginning of the story, which opens in 1965. When his employer, Hutte, retires and closes the detective agency where he has worked for eight years, Roland embarks on a search for his own identity. His investigations uncover clues to a life that seems to stop during the Second World War. It seems that he is Jimmy Pedro Stern, a Greek Jew from Salonica, who was living in Paris under an assumed name, Pedro McEvoy, and working for the legation of the Dominican Republic. He and several friends (Denise Coudreuse, a French model who shares his life",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which accolade was bestowed upon the individual who wrote Missing Person? | [
{
"id": 860241,
"question": "Missing Person >> author",
"answer": "Patrick Modiano",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 766393,
"question": "#1 >> award received",
"answer": "Nobel Prize in Literature",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Nobel Prize in Literature | [
"Austrian State Prize for European Literature",
"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca",
"Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française",
"Prix Goncourt"
] | true | What award was received by the person who authored Missing Person? |
3hop1__862117_792411_51423 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Speckless Sky",
"paragraph_text": " performed a cover of \"One More Colour\" in the film The Sweet Hereafter.\nAfter this album, Siberry's work was distributed outside of Canada by Reprise Records.\nShawn Colvin based lyrics for her song \"Kill The Messenger\" on the cover art for this album after seeing Siberry perform live.\nThe Speckless Sky is no longer available on CD, but can be obtained via her store site on Bandcamp.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nKeyboard compared Jane Siberry's sound to \"Petula Clark trying to sound like Kate Bush\", but praised the album for the \"startling electronic orchestrations\" featured in several tracks in the album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs by Jane Siberry.\n\n\"One More Colour\" – 4:38\n\"Seven Steps to the Wall\" – 5:11\n\"The Very Large Hat\" – 5:35\n\"Vladimir • Vladimir\" – 7:08\n\"Mein Bitte\" – 4:20\n\"The Empty City\" – 6:40\n\"Map of the World (Part II)\" – 5:07\n\"The Taxi Ride\" – 5:39\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nJane Siberry – vocals, keyboards, guitar\nAl Cross – drums\nAnne Bourne – keyboards\nJohn Switzer – bass\nKen Myhr – guitar, guitar synth\nRob Yale – Fairlight CMI programming, keyboards\nAdditional personnel\nTeddy Borowiecki – accordion on 4 7\nSarah McElcheran – trumpet on 7\n\n\n== Charts ==\nAlbum\n\nSingles\n\n\nThe Speckless Sky is an album by Jane Siberry. It was Siberry's highest-charting album on the Canadian charts and contains her biggest Top 40 hit, \"One More Colour\". The album's second single, \"Map of the World (Part II)\", was also a hit on Canada's adult contemporary charts.TheThe Speckless Sky is an album by Jane Siberry. It was Siberry's highest-charting album on the Canadian charts and contains her biggest Top 40 hit, \"One More Colour\". The album's second single, \"Map of the World (Part II)\", was also a hit on Canada's adult contemporary charts.Rheostatics recorded a cover of \"One More Colour\", with additional lyrics by Martin Tielli, on their 1995 album Introducing Happiness; Siberry and Tielli recorded a duet, \"A Long Time Love Song\", on the 1991 Bruce Cockburn tribute album Kick at the Darkness. Sarah Polley also performed a cover of \"One More Colour\" in the film The Sweet Hereafter.\nAfter this album, Siberry's work was distributed outside of Canada by Reprise Records.\nShawn Colvin based lyrics for her song \"Kill The Messenger\" on the cover art for this album after seeing Siberry perform live.\nThe Speckless Sky is no longer available on CD, but can be obtained via her store site on Bandcamp.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nKeyboard compared Jane Siberry's sound to \"Petula Clark trying to sound like Kate Bush\", but praised the album for the \"startling electronic orchestrations\" featured in several tracks in the album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs by Jane Siberry.\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Gavin Bradley",
"paragraph_text": " Branford Marsalis and John Coltrane were early influences.\nIn his early teens Bradley developed a strong interest in creating and manipulating music electronically using synthesizers, turntables, tape splicing and effects units. Some electronic influences Bradley cites are experimental Toronto band Syrinx led by Anne Murray keyboardist John Mills-Cockell, early Pink Floyd, Tomita, Giorgio Moroder, Eurythmics, Yaz, Thomas Dolby, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, New Order, William Orbit and Björk.\n\n\n== Early studio work ==\nIn 1991, Bradley relocated to Toronto to study film and music at York University and began a residency at Toronto club Work. In 1992 he began an apprenticeship in Toronto recording studio Number Nine Sound and later was an assistant engineer at R&B production house TazzDab Productions. His early production work included remixes for R&B singer Carlos Morgan, Canadian independent artist Jane Siberry and as well as Sony Music artist Esthero.\n\n\n== Collaborations ==\nThroughGavin Bradley is an award-winning Canadian singer-songwriter and producer based in Toronto who has worked with artists like Nelly Furtado, Tori Amos and Jane Siberry. Fusing acoustic and electronic elements, his work is identifiable for its signature \"warm\" piano sound and live strings mixed with filtered synthesizers and other electronic manipulations . Besides production, Bradley is a solo recording artist. His debut album 'Deep Freeze' was released on UMI Records in 2006.== Early years ==\nGrowing up in Ottawa, Bradley began studying classical piano at four. At age 10, he obtained a pre-1900 Nordheimer upright piano. Bradley eventually used a sampler to record each key of this oddly detuned piano at many different volumes, recreating a digital version of it to be used as an organic centerpiece in his recordings and later on in his live shows. Also studying jazz saxophone from 14, saxophonists Stuart Matthewman of Sade, Branford Marsalis and John Coltrane were early influences.\nIn his early teens Bradley developed a strong interest in creating and manipulating music electronically using synthesizers, turntables, tape splicing and effects units. Some electronic influences Bradley cites are experimental Toronto band Syrinx led by Anne Murray keyboardist John Mills-Cockell, early Pink Floyd, Tomita, Giorgio Moroder, Eurythmics, Yaz, Thomas Dolby, Pet Shop Boys, Depeche Mode, New Order,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collective group, as opposed to almost all other bands that had a \"leader\" for whom everyone worked, the band maintained a stable collection of personnel that varied little. Members who broke the rules could be summoned before the \"board\", have their contract bought outCasa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.\nThe band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard \"Sunrise Serenade\" in 1938 with Frankie Carle on piano.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe band assembled in 1927 as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the name of the fortress located in the hometown of The Speckless Sky's artist? | [
{
"id": 862117,
"question": "The Speckless Sky >> performer",
"answer": "Jane Siberry",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 792411,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 51423,
"question": "what is the name of the castle in #2",
"answer": "Casa Loma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Casa Loma | [] | true | What is the name of the castle found in the birthplace of the performer of The Speckless Sky? |
3hop1__857_846_7890 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebraNanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation. It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, some of which are listed as follows:.\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley,The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuringDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drog",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the count of educational institutions in the urban area where the Yongle ruler welcomed the edict recipient? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 7890,
"question": "How many places of higher learning are in #2 ?",
"answer": "75",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 75 | [] | true | How many places of higher learning are in the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
4hop3__31333_29339_508306_70744 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2004 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": " strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerousIn March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tennessee",
"paragraph_text": " a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one ofIn 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state were \"day trips\", 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and 11% stayed 4 or more nights. The average stay was 2.16 nights, compared to 2.03 nights for the US as a whole.:40 The average person spent $118 per day: 29% on transportation, 24% on food, 17% on accommodation, and 28% on shopping and entertainment.:449 when this territory was still considered part of North Carolina. The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and, in the 19th century, a railroad center. Nashville as part of Tennessee seceded during the American Civil War; in 1862 it was the first state capital in the Confederacy to be taken by Union forces. It was occupied through the war.\nAfter the war, the city gradually reclaimed its stature. It became a center of trade and developed a manufacturing base.\nSince 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government, which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. The city is governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one of the state's three divisions.\nAs of 2020 Nashville is considered a global city, type \"Gamma\" by the GaWC. The city is a major center for the music industry, especially country music. It is home to three major professional sports teams: the Predators, Titans, and Nashville SC.\nThe city is also the home of many colleges and universities including Tennessee State University, Vanderbilt University, Belmont University, Fisk University, Trevecca Nazarene University, and Lipscomb University. Nashville isThe capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.Nashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. Located in Middle Tennessee, it had a population of 689,447 at the 2020 U.S. census. Nashville is the 21st most populous city in the United States, and the fourth most populous city in the southeastern U.S. Located on the Cumberland River, the city is the center of the Nashville metropolitan area, and is one of the fastest growing in the nation.\nNamed for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, the city was founded in 1779 when this territory was still considered part of North Carolina. The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and, in the 19th century, a railroad center. Nashville as part of Tennessee seced",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry",
"paragraph_text": " campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC); Clemson is in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).\nThe annual football game is considered the most important sporting event in the state. It was played first in 1896 and every year from 1909 to 2019, one of the longest uninterrupted rivalries in college football history. Until 1959, the game was played during the State Fair in Columbia, on \"Big Thursday\", a state holiday. Since 1960, the two schools have alternated hosting on Saturdays. In 2014, the annual football game was officially dubbed the Palmetto Bowl. As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 meeting of the two football teams was canceled, ending an unbroken streak of 111 years of games. The game has never been contested anywhere besides Columbia or Clemson. Clemson leads the series 73–43–4, and won the most recent game with a score of 16–7.\n\n\n== Origin ==\n\n\n=== Background ===\n\nUnlike most major college rivalries, the Carolina–Clemson rivalry did not start innocently or because of competitive collegiate sports. The deep-seated bitterness began between the two schools long before Clemson received its charter and became a college. The two institutions were founded eighty-eight years apart: South Carolina College in 1801 and Clemson Agricultural College in 1889.\nSouth Carolina College was founded in 1801 to unite and promote harmony between the Lowcountry and the Backcountry. It closed during the Civil War when its students aided the Southern cause, but the closure gave politicians an opportunity to reorganize it to their liking. The Radical Republicans in charge of state government during Reconstruction opened the school to blacks and women while appropriating generous funds to the university, which caused the white citizens of the state to withdraw their support for the university and view it as a symbol of the worst aspects of Reconstruction.\nThe Democrats returned to power in 1877 following their electoral victory over the Radical Republicans and promptly proceeded to close the university. Sentiment in the state favored opening an agriculture college, so the university was reorganized as the South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. In 1882, the college was renamed to its antebellum name, South Carolina College, which infuriated the farmers who felt that the politicians had frustrated the will of the people by de-emphasizing agriculture education, even though the school still retained the department of agriculture. Clemson,College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10 which consists of more than a dozen athletic, head-to-head matchups each school year. South Carolina leads the all-sport series",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)",
"paragraph_text": " originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by Dr. James McElhennyFort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Between the university of the state where Edwards won a primary, excluding the one with the most tourists visiting Tennessee in 2013, and the university of the city of Fort Hill, which holds the greatest number of national championships? | [
{
"id": 31333,
"question": "Which other state sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 29339,
"question": "Besides #1 , what other state primary did Edwards win?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 508306,
"question": "Fort Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Clemson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 70744,
"question": "who has more national championships #3 or #2",
"answer": "University of South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | University of South Carolina | [
"SC"
] | true | Edwards won the primary in a state excluding the state that sent the most tourists in to Tennessee in 2013. Who has the most national championships between that state's university and Fort Hill's city's university? |
4hop1__9007_698949_157828_239539 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Belgrade (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Belgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014. and the third most populous city on the Danube river.\nBelgrade is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe and the world. One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 andEvery year a \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the \"House of Flowers\" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Media in Pristina",
"paragraph_text": " Pristina.\nRadio Television of Kosova (RTK) is the only public broadcaster both in Pristina and in all of Kosova as well, who continues to be financed directly by the state. All of the daily newspapers in Pristina have a readership throughout Kosova.\nAn important event which affected the development of the media, is that in University of Pristina since 2005 is established the Journalism Faculty within the Faculty of Philology in which a large number of young people are registered.\nMedia in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates, advertisements and political parties programs.\nThe freedom and pluralism of the media is guaranteed by the Constitution of Kosova. Censorship is forbidden, except in the cases of provocation of violence and discrimination. In according to organization Reporters without borders\nin 2013 Kosova was ranked in the 85th place, after a year Kosova made progress and was ranked in the 80th place.\n\n\n== Newspapers ==\nThe first newspaper was \"Rilindja\" (Renaissance), which first came out on February 12, 1945 in Prizren, and was the first newspaper inMedia in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates,advertisements and political parties programs. based in Pristina.\nThe television industry developed in Pristina and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major broadcast networks, RTK, RTV21, KTV and Klan Kosova, are all headquartered in Pristina.\nRadio Television of Kosova (RTK) is the only public broadcaster both in Pristina and in all of Kosova as well, who continues to be financed directly by the state. All of the daily newspapers in Pristina have a readership throughout Kosova.\nAn important event which affected the development of the media, is that in University of Pristina since 2005 is established the Journalism Faculty within the Faculty of Philology in which a large number of young people are registered.\nMedia in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates, advertisements and political parties programs.\nThe freedom and pluralism of the media is guaranteed by the Constitution of Kosova. Censorship is forbidden, except in the cases of provocation of violence and discrimination. In according to organization Reporters without borders\nin 2013 Kosova was ranked in the 85th place, after a year Kosova made progress and was ranked in the 80th place.\n\n\n== Newspapers ==\nThe first newspaper was \"Rilindja\" (Renaissance), which first came out on February 12, 1945 in Prizren, and was the first newspaper in Albanian inside Yugoslavia. It was initially printed in the State Printing Shop in Prizren during the issues 1 to 60. Since issue 61, it was printed in Pristina Regional Printing House of the People's Front of Yugoslavia.\nIn the beginning, it had only four pages, being published weekly until June 27, 1948. After that it began to be published twice a week, on Sundays and Thursdays. Then, from November 1958, it started out as a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Serbian language",
"paragraph_text": " Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian.\nSerbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian (latinica) was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSerbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a Slavic language (Indo-European), of the South SlSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, andSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is the main office of the national radio and television network located for the country whose co-official language was used in a movie titled after, and based on, the city where Tito is buried? | [
{
"id": 9007,
"question": "Where is the final resting place of Tito?",
"answer": "Belgrade",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 698949,
"question": "#1 >> original language of film or TV show",
"answer": "Serbian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 157828,
"question": "#2 is the co-official language of what country?",
"answer": "Kosovo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 239539,
"question": "Radio Television of #3 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Pristina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Pristina | [] | true | The original language of the film titled and about the city of Tito's final resting place is the co-official language of a country. Where are the headquarters for that country's national radio and TV broadcaster? |
4hop1__444892_32392_823060_610794 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Levi Casey (politician)",
"paragraph_text": "asey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.Casey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.Casey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried inCasey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.CCasey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.Casey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.Casey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congresses and served from March 4, 1803, until his death, before the close of the Ninth Congress. Prior to dying, he had been reelected to the Tenth Congress. He died in Washington, D.C., February 3, 1807 and was buried in the Congressional Cemetery.Casey was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1781 and 1782 and 1800–1802 and a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives 1786–1788, 1792–1795 and 1798–1799. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighth and Ninth Congress",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples livingForest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "WWNQ",
"paragraph_text": "WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.\n\n\n== Description ==\nChinese era names were titles adopted for the purpose of identifying and numbering years in Imperial China. Era names originated as mottos or slogans chosen by the reigning monarch and usually reflected the political, economic and/or social landscapes at the time. For instance, the first era name proclaimed by the Emperor Wu of Han, Jianyuan (建元; lit. \"establishing the origin\"), was",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,227 at the 2020 census. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was estimated to be 849,417 in 2023. It ranksAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers. unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adoptedAs many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play \"Porgy\" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,227 at the 2020 census. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was estimated to be 849,417 in 2023. It ranks as the third-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the state, and the 71st-most populous in the United States.\nCharleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II, at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) but relocated in 1680 to its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. It remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted its present spelling with its incorporation as a city in 1783. Population growth in the interior of South Carolina influenced the removal of the state government to Columbia in 1788, but Charleston remained among the ten largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the county of the city that is adjacent to the capital of the state where the birthplace of Levi Casey is located? | [
{
"id": 444892,
"question": "Levi Casey >> place of birth",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 32392,
"question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 823060,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Forest Acres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 610794,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Richland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Richland County | [
"Richland County, South Carolina"
] | true | In what county is the city that shares a border with the capital of the state where Levi Casey was born? |
3hop1__103881_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East Timor in 1999\", \"The Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court on East Timor\", \"The Special Panels for Serious Crimes\", and \"The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation\".\nThe commission was made up of four members appointed from each nation, and these commissioners were instructed to conduct a document review and analyze previous trials and investigations into the subject, including the UN Special Panels for Serious Crimes and Serious Crime Units in Dili, and the report of the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. The commission also stated its intent to research the \"historical background, political dynamics, and institutional structures that shaped events before and during 1999\" to \"inform its conclusions with a broader understanding of the way in which the causes of the violence in 1999 were connected to previously established institutional structures and practices.\"\nOperating over three years, the commission gave its final report on July 15, 2008, and presented it to the Presidents of Indonesia and East Timor, concluding that \"gross human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity did occur in East Timor in 1999\" and that \"pro-autonomy militia groups, TNI, the Indonesian civil government, and Polri must all bear institutional responsibility\", as well as stating that \"from a moral and political perspective the respective states must accept state responsibility for the violations identified in the report.\" The commission also made recommendations that both nations begin institutional reform enhancing the strength of investigative and prosecuting bodies involved with investigations into the events, as well as forming joint security policy to ensure the safety of individuals in case of the recurrence of violence. It also noted the need to resolve other standing border and security issues between the two nations to allow for more cooperation. Notably, the report gave no recommendations of amnesty or rehabilitation. The report was endorsed by the president of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, making it the first recognition of the Indonesian government's complicity in human rights violations in East Timor by Indonesia.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nIn Indonesia and Timor, the report was presented to both governments and accepted by both the Timorese and Indonesian governments. However, Timorese NGO Timor-Leste National Alliance for International Tribunal wrote an open letter in response to the commission's findings with several criticisms, including the lack of public consultation with victims and parliamentary approval of the commission, as well as noting that the commission assigned institutional responsibility rather than individual responsibility, \"which is contrary to the principles of international laws which were ratified by the state of Timor-Leste and to Article 160 of its constitution which says that there must be a justice process for crimes against humanity.\", as well as stating their belief that the CAVR was a more trustworthy and support worthy commission for the government to support.\nInternationally, the report had a mixed reception. Some, such as the War Crimes Studies Center at the University of California, Berkeley, said that the commission could be seen as \"widely acknowledged as credible and far-reaching.\", noting that the Indonesian government's affirmation of the results was important and that the commission made arguments that \"there was credible evidence to indicateThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Tony Gunawan",
"paragraph_text": " champion for Indonesia, and later a world champion for the United States. He is regarded by many, including his peers, as one of the greatest doubles players in badminton's history. A superb all-court player with a particular facility in the forecourt, he won the 2000 Olympic gold medal, the 2001 IBF World Championships, and 2005 IBF World Championships with 3 different men's doubles partners.\nHe won the Men's Doubles gold medal in the 2005 World Championships from the 13th seeded position with his American partner Howard Bach. Gunawan partnered with Halim Haryanto to win the 2001 World Championships as well as the 2001 All-England Open, and with Candra Wijaya to win the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. He was a member of the world champion 2000 Indonesia Thomas Cup team, winning his match in the final against China with yet anotherTony Gunawan (; born 9 April 1975) is a Chinese descended, Indonesian-born badminton player and coach who excelled internationally for Indonesia and later for the United States.TTony Gunawan (; born 9 April 1975) is a Chinese descended, Indonesian-born badminton player and coach who excelled internationally for Indonesia and later for the United States.. He gained several international achievements for Indonesia and later for the United States, including Olympic gold medal and world champion title.\n\n\n== Career ==\nGunawan is a former Olympic gold medalist and world champion for Indonesia, and later a world champion for the United States. He is regarded by many, including his peers, as one of the greatest doubles players in badminton's history. A superb all-court player with a particular facility in the forecourt, he won the 2000 Olympic gold medal, the 2001 IBF World Championships, and 2005 IBF World Championships with 3 different men's doubles partners.\nHe won the Men's Doubles gold medal in the 2005 World Championships from the 13th seeded position with his American partner Howard Bach. Gunawan partnered with Halim Haryanto to win the 2001 World Championships as well as the 2001 All-England Open, and with Candra Wijaya to win the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. He was a member of the world champion 2000 Indonesia Thomas Cup team, winning his match in the final against",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica RegencyDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds the presidential role in the freshly proclaimed sovereign nation which is a member of the Truth and Friendship Commission alongside the homeland of Tony Gunawan? | [
{
"id": 103881,
"question": "Where was Tony Gunawan from?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country that Tony Gunawan is from? |
4hop1__720201_153080_159767_81096 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Something Like a Bird",
"paragraph_text": " on the Billboard's Jazz Albums chart. Mingus is featured as composer and director but does not actually play on this album, as his ALS had progressed to the point that he was no longer able to do so. These were the last sessions of his own music he ever participated in, although he did attend one session for the partial collaboration with Joni Mitchell, Mingus before his death in January 1979.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe Allmusic review states: \"It's not essential but certainly colorful.\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 1\" (Mingus)\t-19:12\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 2\" (Mingus)\t-12:14\n\"Farewell, Farwell\" (Mingus) - 5:57\n\n\n== References ==Something Like a Bird is an album by Charles Mingus, released on the Atlantic label in 1981. The album reached a peak position of number 37 on the Billboard's Jazz Albums chart. Mingus is featured as composer and director but does not actually play on this album, as his ALS had progressed to the point that he was no longer able to do so. These were the last sessions of his own music he ever participated in, although he did attend one session for the partial collaboration with Joni Mitchell, Mingus before his death in January 1979.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe Allmusic review states: \"It's not essential but certainly colorful.\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 1\" (Mingus)\t-19:12\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 2\" (Mingus)\t-12:14\n\"Farewell, Farwell\" (Mingus) - 5:57\n\n\n== References ==Something Like a Bird is an album by Charles Mingus, released on the Atlantic label in 1981. The album reached a peak position of number 37 on the Billboard's Jazz Albums chart. Mingus is featured as composer and director but does not actually play on this album, as his ALS had progressed to the point that he was no longer able to do so. These were the last sessions of his own music he ever participated in, although he did attend one session for the partial collaboration with Joni Mitchell, Mingus before his death in January 1979.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe Allmusic review states: \"It's not essential but certainly colorful.\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 1\" (Mingus)\t-19:12\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 2\" (Mingus)\t-12:14\n\"Farewell, Farwell\" (Mingus) - 5:57\n\n\n== References ==Something Like a Bird is an album by Charles Mingus, released on the Atlantic label in 1981. The album reached a peak position of number 37 on the Billboard's Jazz Albums chart. Mingus is featured as composer and director but does not actually play on this album, as his ALS had progressed to the point that he was no longer able to do so. These were the last sessions of his own music he ever participated in, although he did attend one session for the partial collaboration with Joni Mitchell, Mingus before his death in January 1979.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe Allmusic review states: \"It's not essential but certainly colorful.\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 1\" (Mingus)\t-19:12\n\"Something Like a Bird Part 2\" (Mingus)\t-12:14\n\"Farewell, Farwell\" (Mingus) - 5:57\n\n\n== References ==Something Like a Bird isSomething Like a Bird is an album by Charles Mingus, released on the Atlantic label in 1981. The album reached a peak position of number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Jazz Albums chart. Mingus is featured as composer and director but does not actually play on this album as his ALS had progressed to the point where he was no longer able to do so. These were the last sessions of his own music he ever participated in, although he did attend one session for the partial collaboration with Joni Mitchell, Mingus before his death in January 1979.Something Like a Bird is an album by Charles Mingus, released on the Atlantic label in 1981. The album reached a peak position of number 37 on the \"Billboard\" Jazz Albums chart. Mingus is featured as composer and director but does not actually play on this album as his ALS had progressed to the point where he was no longer able to do so. These were the last sessions of his own music he ever participated in, although he did attend one session for the partial collaboration with Joni Mitchell, Mingus before his death in January 1979.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus AhCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantlyArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Arizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who emerged victorious in the 1993 Indy Car Race taking place in the biggest city of the state that includes the hometown of the artist who performed the album titled Something Like a Bird? | [
{
"id": 720201,
"question": "Something Like a Bird >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 159767,
"question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the 1993 Indy Car Race in the largest city of the state containing the city where the performer of the album Something Like a Bird is from? |
4hop1__151650_5274_458768_33632 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint ventureThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Desde El Principio",
"paragraph_text": "\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\". 2000s most notably the young Spanish rumba-rock duo Estopa to great success. Productionwise Desde El Principio marked a return to Azúcar Moreno's winning formula of the early 90s in that it mixed mainstream Latin pop with material from a wide variety of genres. Tracks like \"Sangre Española\", \"Me Quedo Contigo\" and \"Vamos a Dejarlo Así\" mainly featured drums, percussion and Spanish guitars, recorded live, while lead single \"Mi Ritmo\" was a typical Azúcar Moreno dance track with a more synthesized and contemporary urban sound. Just like 1991's Mambo the album also featured flamenco/dance covers of a number of pop classics like \"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood\", a hit for both Nina Simone and The Animals in the 60s and also turned into disco classic by Santa Esmeralda in 1977, the Neapolitan traditional \"¡Oh Sole Mío!\", also covered by Elvis Presley in English as \"It\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\".Desde El Principio is the twelfth studio",
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},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.SSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous ===\nThe Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Spanish: Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 202",
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}
] | On what date does the Feast occur in the city that hosts the headquarters of the organization larger than the record company of Desde El Principio? | [
{
"id": 151650,
"question": "What was the record label of Desde El Principio?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 33632,
"question": "What day is the #3 Feast held on?",
"answer": "May 4",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | May 4 | [] | true | What day is the Feast in the city where the headquarters of the only group larger than Desde El Principio's record label held on? |
2hop__442516_595885 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mara Triangle",
"paragraph_text": " cheetah, hyena, jackal, wildebeest, zebra, giraffe, waterbuck and many other species.\nThe Mara Triangle is one of the areas where herds of the Great Migration enter and exit the Maasai Mara National Reserve from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, making it one of the prime viewing locations for this wildlife spectacle. Crossings of the Mara River are world-renowned for being particularly dramatic, featuring in many wildlife documentaries such as Wild Africa and Big Cat Diary.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe Mara Triangle is one third of the Maasai Mara National Reserve, with an area of 510 km2. It has two natural borders and one political; to the southwest is the Tanzania/Serengeti border, to the east is the Mara River, and to the northwest is the Oldoinyio Escarpment (also called Oloololo or Siria Escarpment).\nThe landscapes of the Mara Triangle include riverine forest, red oat grasslands, volcanic hills and the 400-metre high Oloololo Escarpment.\n\n\n== Tourism ==\nThe Mara Triangle is managed by the Mara Conservancy, under contract by the Trans-Mara county council, a local non profit organisation formed by the local Maasai people, and contains a number of anti-poaching units.\nThere are two permanent lodges inside the Mara Triangle - Mara Serena and Little Governors. There are a few camps on the park's periphery which offer game drives inside theDivided from the rest of the Maasai Mara National Reserve by the Mara River, the Mara Triangle is less visited and less crowded, often with many more game animals grazing on the plains and between the volcanic hills that distinguish this corner of the Mara.TheDivided from the rest of the Maasai Mara National Reserve by the Mara River, the Mara Triangle is less visited and less crowded, often with many more game animals grazing on the plains and between the volcanic hills that distinguish this corner of the Mara. National Reserve by the Mara River, the Mara Triangle is less visited and less crowded, with a fairly good concentration of wildlife all year-round including the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo and rhino) and diverse plains 'game' such as cheetah, hyena, jackal, wildebeest, zebra, giraffe, waterbuck and many other species.\nThe Mara Triangle is one of the areas where herds of the Great Migration enter and exit the Maasai Mara National Reserve from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, making it one of the prime viewing locations for this wildlife spectacle. Crossings of the Mara River are world-renowned for being particularly dramatic, featuring in many wildlife documentaries such as Wild Africa and Big Cat Diary.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe Mara Triangle is one third of the Maasai Mara National Reserve, with an area of 510 km2. It has two natural borders and one political; to the southwest is the Tanzania/Serengeti border, to the east is the Mara River, and to the northwest is the Oldoinyio Escarpment (also called Oloololo or Siria Escarpment).\nThe landscapes of the Mara Triangle include riverine forest, red oat grasslands, volcanic hills and the 400-metre high Oloololo Escarpment.\n\n\n== Tourism ==\nThe Mara Triangle is managed by the Mara Conservancy, under contract by the Trans-Mara county council, a local non profit organisation formed by the",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kirumi Bridge",
"paragraph_text": " construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern TanzaniaKirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.KKirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president. 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region. Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund. It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president.\n\n\n== References ==Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern TanzaniaKirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in",
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}
] | Which nation possesses a water feature that inspired the nomenclature of the Mara Region? | [
{
"id": 442516,
"question": "Mara Region >> named after",
"answer": "Mara River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 595885,
"question": "#1 >> country",
"answer": "Tanzania",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Tanzania | [] | true | Which country has a body of water that was inspiration for the name of the Mara Region? |
2hop__6956_192417 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Sports league ranking",
"paragraph_text": " win–loss records\nUsually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.\nAs an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of the National Hockey League, as of March 31, 2004:\n\nTeam GP W L T OL GF GA Pts\nx-Boston 79 40 18 14 7 201 179 101\nx-Toronto 80 43 24 10 3 234 204 99\nx-Ottawa 79 41 22 10 6 254 178 98\nx-Montreal 79 40 28 7 4 201 182 91\nBuffalo 79 36 32 7 4 213 210 83\n\nx - clinched a playoff spot\ny - clinched the division championship\n\nIn the above table, an \"'X\" placed before a team's name shows that the team has qualified for playoff position; other letters may be used to show that a team is guaranteed first place, has been eliminated from contention and so forth. From this table, we can see that Boston, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal are all guaranteed playoff positions; the absence of a \" y\" shows that the division championship is still to play for. Meanwhile, because Buffalo has no symbol at all, they are not out of playoff contention, but have yet to clinch a playoff position. The following day, a new league table would appear in newspapers, updated based on the previous night's games. Of course, the above table would also be accompanied by those of the other divisions in the league.\n\n\n== Instances ==\nApplications include:\n\nIn association football (soccer), national teams are ranked in the FIFA World Rankings, the Women's World Rankings and, unofficially, in the World Football Elo Ratings.\nIn the Olympic Games, each member country (NOC) is ranked based upon gold, silver and bronze medal counts in the Olympic medal rankings.\nIn basketball, national teams are ranked in the FIBA World Rankings and the Women's World Rankings.\nIn baseball and softball, national teams are ranked in the WBSC World Rankings.\nIn ice hockey, national teams are ranked in the IIHF World Ranking.\nIn golf, the top male golfers are ranked using the Official World Golf Rankings, and the top female golfers are ranked using the Women's World Golf Rankings.\nIn snooker, players are ranked using the Snooker world rankings.\nIn tennis, male and female players are ranked using the ATP rankings and WTA rankings respectively, whilst the ITF rankings are used for national Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams.\nIn road bicycle racing, male cyclists have been ranked using the UCI World Ranking from 2016, having previously been ranked using the UCI Road World Rankings from 1984 to 2004. Female cyclists have been ranked using the UCI Women's Road World Rankings since 1994.\nIn track cycling riders and nations are ranked using the UCI Track Cycling World Ranking\nIn chess, players are ranked using the FIDE world rankings.\nIn sailing, boats are scored directly using the sum of the ranking.\nIn bridge, matchpoint scoring uses fractional ranking to assign the score.\n\n\n== See also ==\nGames behind – in some sports, a common way to reflect the gap between teams\nGroup tournament ranking system\nMagic number – in some sports, the number of wins needed to clinch a championship\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSchool league tables for the CISCE examining board in India\n\n\n== External links ==\nAustralian Football League ladder\nCanadian Football League standings\nNational Basketball Association standings\nNational Hockey League standings\nNational Football League standings\nMajor League Baseball standings\nMajor League Soccer standings\nPremier League tablesIn sports, standings, rankings, or league tables group teams of a particular league, conference, or division in a chart based on how well each is doing in a particular season of a sports league or competition. These lists are generally published in newspapers and other media, as well as the official web sites of the sports leagues and competitions.\n\n\n== Formulation ==\nThe standings shows where each team ranks in their conference or division. Teams may be ranked in terms of simple winning percentage (the proportion of the games played to date which the team won), or based on total points, with differing numbers of points awarded for wins and ties (draws). Many league tables show further statistics and may display:\n\nwins\nlosses\nties (draws)\ngoal differential (Goals scored minus goals conceded)\ngoals scored\ngoals allowed (conceded)\nhome/away win–loss records\nUsually, if a league is divided into conferences and divisions, the league table will also be. Often, a less specific table is also included. For example, National Hockey League tables will normally have a detailed table for each division, plus a table for each conference showing just the points totals.\nAs an example, below is the league table for the Northeast Division of the National Hockey League, as of March 31, 2004:\n\nTeam GP W L T OL GF GA Pts\nx-Boston 79 40 18 14 7 201 179 101\nx-Toronto 80 43 24 10 3 234 204 99\nx-Ottawa 79 41 22 10 6 254 178 98\nx-Montreal 79 40 28 7 4 201 182 91\nBuffalo 79 36 32 7 4 213 210 83\n\nx - clinched a playoff spotIn a sports league, the ranking of a team is the place where it is within the division. Generally, ranking is based on won-lost record of games, with the team with the best record at the top, and the worst record at the bottom. Another common method is a points-based ranking system, where a team is awarded a certain number of points per win, fewer points per tie, and none for a loss. may be ranked in terms of simple winning percentage (the proportion of the games played to date which the team won), or based on total points, with differing numbers of points awarded for wins and ties (draws). Many league tables show further statistics and may display:\n\nwins\nlosses\nties (draws)\ngoal differential (Goals scored minus goals conceded)\ngoals scored\ngoals allowed (conceded)\nhome/away win–loss records\nUsually, if a league is divided",
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "Boston Common, 1634), the first public school (Boston Latin School, 1635), and the first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897).\nBoston has emerged as a national leader in higher education and research and the largest biotechnology hub in the world. The city is also a national leader in scientific research, law, medicine, engineering, and business. With nearly 5,000 startup companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurshipWhile they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. The Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer, which formed in 2009, play their home games at Dilboy Stadium in Somerville.",
"is_supporting": true
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] | What is the name of the league to which the New England Patriots is a part? | [
{
"id": 6956,
"question": "What league do the new England patriots belong to?",
"answer": "the National Football League",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 192417,
"question": "#1 >> instance of",
"answer": "sports league",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | sports league | [
"Sports league",
"league"
] | true | The league the New England Patriots belongs to is an example of what? |
3hop1__857_846_7769 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of the eye or knot of the noose (so that the head was jerked back as the rope tightened) contributed to breaking the neck.\nPrior to 1892, the drop was between four and ten feet (about one to three metres), depending on the weight of the body, and was calculated to deliver an energy of 1,260 foot-pounds force (1,710 J), which fractured the neck at either the 2nd and 3rd or 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. This force resulted in some decapitations, such as the infamous case of Black Jack Ketchum in New Mexico Territory in 1901, owing to a significant weight gain while in custody not having been factored into the drop calculations. Between 1892 and 1913, the length of the drop was shortened to avoid decapitation. After 1913, other factors were also taken into account, and the energy delivered was reduced to about 1,000 foot-pounds force (1,400 J).\n\nThe decapitation of Eva Dugan during a botched hanging in 1930 led the state of Arizona to switch to the gas chamber as its primary execution method, on the grounds that it was believed more humane. One of the more recent decapitations as a result of the long drop occurred when Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was hanged in Iraq in 2007. Accidental decapitation also occurred during the 1962 hanging of Arthur Lucas, one of the last two individuals to be put to death in Canada.\nNazis executed under British jurisdiction, including Josef Kramer, Fritz Klein, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, were hanged by Albert Pierrepoint using the variable-drop method devised by Marwood. The record speed for a British long-drop hanging was seven seconds from the executioner entering the cell to the drop. Speed was considered to be important in the British system as it reduced the condemned's mental distress.\nLong-drop hanging is still practiced as the method of execution in a few countries, including Japan and Singapore.\n\n\n== As suicide ==\n\nHanging is a common suicide method. The materials necessary for suicide by hanging are readily available to the average person, compared with firearms or poisons. Full suspension is not required, and for this reason, hanging is especially commonplace among suicidal prisoners (see suicide watch). A type of hanging comparable to full suspension hanging may be obtained by self-strangulation using a ligature around the neck and the partial weight of the body (partial suspension) to tighten the ligature. When a suicidal hanging involves partial suspension the deceased is found to have both feet touching the ground, e.g., they are kneeling, crouching or standing. Partial suspension or partial weight-bearing on the ligature is sometimes used, particularly in prisons, mental hospitals or other institutions, where full suspension support is difficult to devise, because high ligature points (e.g., hooks or pipes) have been removed.\nIn Canada, hanging is the most common method of suicide, and in the U.S., hanging is the second most common method, after self-inflicted gunshot wounds. In the United Kingdom, where firearms are less easily available, in 2001 hanging was the most common method among men and the second most commonplace among women (after poisoning).\nThose who survive a suicide-via-hanging attempt, whether due to breakage of the cord or ligature point, or being discovered and cut down, face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain damage), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture (which may cause paralysis), tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid artery injury.\n\n\n== As human sacrifice ==\nThere are some suggestions that the Vikings practiced hanging as human sacrifices to Odin, to honour Odin's own sacrifice of hanging himself from Yggdrasil. In Northern Europe, it is widely speculated that the Iron Age bog bodies, many who show signs of having been hanged were examples of human sacrifice to the gods.\n\n\n== Medical effects ==\n\nA hanging may induce one or more of the following medical conditions, some leading to death:\n\nClosure of carotid arteries causing cerebral hypoxia\nClosure of the jugular veins\nBreaking of the neck (cervical fracture) causing traumatic spinal cord injury or even unintended decapitation\nClosure of the airway\nThe cause of death in hanging depends on the conditions related to the event. When the body is released from a relatively high position, the major cause of death is severe trauma to the upper cervical spine. The injuries produced are highly variable. One study showed that only a small minority of a series of judicial hangings produced fractures to the cervical spine (6 out of 34 cases studied), with half of these fractures (3 out of 34) being the classic \"hangman's fracture\" (bilateral fractures of the pars interarticularis of the C2 vertebra). The location of the knot of the hanging rope is a major factor in determining the mechanics of cervical spine injury, with a submental knot (hangman's knot under the chin) being the only location capable of producing the sudden, straightforward hyperextension injury that causes the classic \"hangman's fracture\".\nAccording to Historical and biomechanical aspects of hangman's fracture, the phrase in the usual execution order, \"hanged by the neck until dead\", was necessary. By the late 19th century that methodical study enabled authorities to routinely employ hanging in ways that would predictably kill the victim quickly.\nThe side, or subaural knot, has been shown to produce other, more complex injuries, with one thoroughly studied case producing only ligamentous injuries to the cervical spine and bilateral vertebral artery disruptions, but no major vertebral fractures or crush injuries to the spinal cord. Death from a \"hangman's fracture\" occurs mainly when the applied force is severe enough to also cause a severe subluxation of the C2 and C3 vertebra that crushes the spinal cord and/or disrupts the vertebral arteries. Hangman's fractures from other hyperextension injuries (theNanjing, with a total land area of 6,598 square kilometres (2,548 sq mi), is situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, and in Yangtze River Delta, one of the largest economic zones of China. The Yangtze River flows past the west side and then north side of Nanjing City, while the Ningzheng Ridge surrounds the north, east and south side of the city. The city is 300 kilometres (190 mi) west-northwest of Shanghai, 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) south-southeast of Beijing, and 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east-northeast of Chongqing. The downstream Yangtze River flows from Jiujiang, Jiangxi, through Anhui and Jiangsu to East Sea, north to drainage basin of downstream Yangtze is Huai River basin and south to it is Zhe River basin, and they are connected by the Grand Canal east to Nanjing. The area around Nanjing is called Hsiajiang (下江, Downstream River) region, with Jianghuai (江淮) stressing northern part and Jiangzhe (江浙) stressing southern part. The region is also known as Dongnan (東南, South East, the Southeast) and Jiangnan (江南, River South, south of Yangtze)..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty consideredThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi",
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},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has beenDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the square mileage of the city where the individual receiving the Yongle Emperor's decree was welcomed? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 7769,
"question": "How large is #2 , in miles?",
"answer": "2,548 sq mi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | 2,548 sq mi | [] | true | How many square miles is the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
2hop__29752_814677 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Hapi (Son of Horus)",
"paragraph_text": " ancient Egyptian funerary tradition.\n\n\n== Names and origins ==\n\nImsety (jmstj), Hapy (���py), Duamutef (dw���-mwt.f), and Qebehsenuef (qb���-snw.f) are first mentioned in the Pyramid Texts, the earliest ancient Egyptian funerary texts, in the late Old Kingdom (24th and 23rd centuries BC). In numerous sources, such as Spell 541 of the Pyramid Texts, they are stated to be the children of Horus, one of the major deities of the Egyptian pantheon. In a few of these texts they are instead called the children of the god Atum, the god Geb, or the goddess Nut. A passage in the Coffin Texts from the Middle Kingdom (c. 2055–1650 BC) says they are the offspring of the goddess Isis and a form of Horus known as Horus the Elder.\nIn the Pyramid Texts, the sons of Horus are said to assist the deceased king in the afterlife. In Spell 688, for example, they \"make firm a ladder\" for the king to ascend into the sky, while in Spell 338 they protect him from hunger and thirst. Egyptologists often treat the protection of the deceased as their primary role, though Maarten Raven argues that the four sons originated as celestial deities, given that the Pyramid Texts frequently connect them with the sky and that Horus himself was a sky deity.\nThe name of Duamutef means \"He who praises his mother\", while Qebehsenuef means \"He who purifies his brother by means of libation\". The Egyptologist James P. Allen translates Hapy's name as \"He of Haste\" and Imsety as \"He of the Dill\"; another Egyptologist, Joshua Roberson, believes Imsety originated as a personification of this herb. Imsety's name also resembled the Egyptian word for \"liver\" (mjst), which may be the reason why he became specifically linked with the liver.\nThe name of Imsety incorporates the Egyptian grammatical dual ending (-ty or -wy), and the name of Hapy may have originally done so as well, incorporating a w that was later lost. For this reason, the Egyptologist John Taylor argues that these two sons were originally two male and female pairs of deities.\n\n\n== Roles ==\n\n\n=== Protectors of the deceased ===\n\nTexts from later periods continue to invoke the sons of Horus for protection in the afterlife as the Pyramid Texts do. In many texts they were said to protect Osiris, the funerary deity whose mythological death and resurrection served as the template for ancient Egyptian funerary practices. Some texts even refer to them as the sons of Osiris rather than Horus. In a Middle Kingdom ritual, recorded in the Dramatic Ramesseum Papyrus, the sons of Horus aid Osiris in his rejuvenation after death, fight the followers of his enemy Set, and restore the lost Eye of Horus to their father. Spell 137 of the Book of the Dead from the New Kingdom (c. 1550–1070 BC) says to them, \"as you spread your protection over your father Osiris-Khentiamentiu, so spread your protection over [the deceased person]\". In the tenth section of the New Kingdom Book of Gates, a funerary text that depicts the underworld in detail, the four sons are portrayed holding chains that bind the malign beings called \"wmmtj-snakes\". \nThe four sons developed a specialized connection with the internal organs of the deceased. During the mummification process, four internal organs—the lungs, liver, stomach, and intestines—were removed from the body and dried before being placed in the burial, usually separately from the body. In the late Old Kingdom, these organs began to be placed in a set of jars known asHapi, sometimes transliterated as Hapy, is one of the Four sons of Horus in ancient Egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of Osiris in the Underworld. Hapi was the son of Heru-ur and Isis or Serqet. He is not to be confused with another god of the same name. He is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. Hapi is in turn protected by the goddess Nephthys. When his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. When embalming practices changed during the Third Intermediate Period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of Hapi would be included in the body cavity. human, Hapy as a baboon, Duamutef as a jackal, and Qebehsenuef as a falcon. The four sons were also linked with stars in the sky, with regions of Egypt, and with the cardinal directions.\nThe worship of the sons of Horus was almost entirely restricted to the funerary sphere. They were first mentioned late in the Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2181 BC) in the Pyramid Texts and continued to be invoked in funerary texts throughout ancient Egyptian history. Their connection with the canopic jars was established in the First Intermediate Period, and afterward they became ubiquitous in the decoration of canopic chests, coffins, and sarcophagi. Although they were increasingly closely associated with the internal organs, they continued to appear in burial equipment even after the use of canopic jars was abandoned in the Ptolemaic Period (303–30 BC), disappearing only in the fourth century AD with the extinction of the ancient Egyptian funerary tradition.\n\n\n== Names and origins ==\n\nImsety (jmstj), Hapy (���py), Duamutef (dw���-mwt.f), and Qebehsenuef (qb���-snw.f) are first mentioned in the Pyramid Texts, the earliest ancient Egyptian funerary texts",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Green",
"paragraph_text": " into their respective measuring systems. Traditional definitions of time involved the observation of periodic motion such as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, and the passage of a free-swinging pendulum. More modern systems include the Global Positioning System, other satellite systems, Coordinated Universal Time and mean solar time. Although these systems differ from one another, with careful measurements they can be synchronized.\nIn physics, time is a fundamental concept to define other quantities, such as velocity. To avoid a circular definition, time in physics is operationally definedFor the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the \"Very Green.\"For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the \"Very Green.\" spacetime, it has been shown that time can be distorted and dilated, particularly at the edges of black holes.\nThroughout history, time has been an important subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science. Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and technologists and has been a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value (\"time is money\") as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human life spans.\n\n\n== Definition ==\nThe concept of time can be complex. Multiple notions exist and defining time in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars. Nevertheless, diverse fields such as business, industry, sports, the sciences, and the performing arts all incorporate some notion of time into their respective measuring systems. Traditional definitions of time involved the observation of periodic motion such as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, and the passage of a free-swinging pendulum. More modern systems include the Global Positioning System, other satellite systems, Coordinated Universal Time and mean solar time. Although these systems differ from one another, with careful measurements they can be synchronized.\nIn physics, time is a fundamental concept to define other quantities, such as velocity. To avoid a circular definition, time in physics is operationally definedFor the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the \"Very Green.\"Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience. Time is often referred to as a fourth dimension, along with three spatial dimensions.\nTime is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities in both the International System of Units (SI) and International System of Quant",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In ancient Egypt, which realm of the afterlife does the lord of the underworld belong to? | [
{
"id": 29752,
"question": "Who was the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt?",
"answer": "Osiris",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 814677,
"question": "#1 >> part of",
"answer": "ancient Egyptian religion",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | ancient Egyptian religion | [] | true | What is the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of? |
3hop1__691197_15840_36002 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": "To compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. same, several forms of regional lockout prevent cartridges for one version from being used in other versions.\nThe Super NES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time, like the Sega Genesis. It was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated into game cartridges to be more competitive into the next generation.\nThe Super NES received largely positive reviews and was a global success, becoming the best selling console of the 16-bit era after launching relatively late and facing intense competition from Sega's Genesis console in North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Sega Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. It took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. Bill Mensch, the co",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like Space Invaders (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer Nintendo. \nHiroshi Yamauchi, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised that breakthroughs in the electronics industry meant that entertainment products could be produced at lower prices. Companies such as Atari and Magnavox were already selling gaming devices for use with television sets, to moderate success. Yamauchi negotiated a licence with Magnavox to sell its gameThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ������リー��ンピュー��, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (フ����コン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (��대 ��보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in JapanThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the video game crash of 1983, and pioneered a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers to produce and distribute games. The NES features several groundbreaking games, including Super Mario Bros. (1985), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Metroid (1986), and Mega Man (1987) which have become major franchises. \nThe NES dominated Japanese and North American markets, but initially underperformed in Europe where it faced strong competition from the Sega Master System and microcomputers. With 61.91 million units sold, it is one of the best-selling consoles of all time. It was succeeded in 1990 by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Background ===\n\nThe video game industry experienced rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like Space Invaders (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intelliv",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Yoshi (video game)",
"paragraph_text": " removed from play. Yoshi offers both a scoring-focused single-player mode and a competitive two-player mode.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\n\nYoshi is a falling block game in which the player is given a playing field that is divided into four columns. The objective is to match Yoshi egg shells to hatch them and prevent the four stacks, which pile up from the falling monsters, from growing too tall. The player character, Mario, swaps the stacks around such that the falling monsters will be eliminated by coming into contact with the blocks they match.\nMonsters, which consist of various Mario enemies, appear at the top of the screen and fall into each the columns, turning into blocks as they land and creating stacks that incrementally grow in height. The main objective is to prevent the four stacks from growing too high by eliminating blocks from the field; a game over occurs when any of the stacks crosses the blackYoshi, known as Mario & Yoshi in Europe and Australia, and as in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo. The game was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy consoles. Both versions were first released simultaneously in Japan on December 14, 1991, and released in all other regions the following year.YYoshi, known as Mario & Yoshi in Europe and Australia, and as in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo. The game was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy consoles. Both versions were first released simultaneously in Japan on December 14, 1991, and released in all other regions the following year. clearing monsters from the on-screen playing field. The monsters fall in from the top of the screen to build vertical stacks; the player must prevent a stack from growing too high such that it exits the play field. In order to do so, the player swaps and moves the stacks about such that falling monsters collide with identical monsters stationed atop the stacks, causing them to be removed from play. Yoshi offers both a scoring-focused single-player mode and a competitive two-player mode.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\n\nYoshi is a falling block game in which the player is given a playing field that is divided into four columns. The objective is to match Yoshi egg shells to hatch them and prevent the four stacks, which pile up from the falling monsters, from growing too tall. The player character, Mario, swaps the stacks around such that the falling monsters will be eliminated by coming into contact with the blocks they match.\nMonsters, which consist of various Mario enemies, appear at the top of the screen and fall into each the columns, turning into blocks as they land and creating stacks that incrementally grow in height. The main objective is to prevent the four stacks from growing too high by eliminating blocks from the field; a game over occurs when any of the stacks crosses the blackYoshi, known as Mario & Yoshi in Europe and Australia, and as in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo. The game was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy consoles. Both versions were first released simultaneously in Japan on December 14, 1991, and released in all other regions the following year.Yoshi, known as Mario & Yoshi in PAL regions, is a puzzle video game developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo. It was released for the NES and Game Boy platforms. Both versions were first released simultaneously in Japan on December 14, 1991, and released in all other regions the following year.\nIn Yoshi, the player is tasked with clearing monsters from the on-screen playing field. The monsters fall in from the top of the screen to build vertical stacks; the player must prevent a stack from growing too high such that it exits the play field. In order to do so, the player swaps and moves the stacks about such that falling monsters collide with identical monsters stationed atop the stacks, causing them to be removed from play. Yoshi offers both a scoring-focused single-player mode and a competitive two-player mode.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\n\nYoshi is a falling block game in which the player is given a playing field that is divided into four columns. The objective is to match Yoshi egg shells to hatch them and prevent the four stacks, which pile up from the falling monsters, from growing too tall. The player character, Mario, swaps the stacks around such that the falling monsters will be eliminated by coming into contact with the blocks they match.\nMonsters, which consist of various Mario enemies, appear at the top of the screen and fall into each the columns, turning into blocks as they land and creating stacks that incrementally grow in height. The main objective is to prevent the four stacks from growing too high by eliminating blocks from the field; a game over occurs when any of the stacks crosses the black line drawn across the top of the play field. A stack can hold up to eight objects in the NES version or seven in the Game Boy version.\nTo eliminate a block from the top of a stack, it must come in contact with a falling monster that matches it. For example, if a Goomba falls directly onto a Goomba block, both will be removed. The player controls Mario, who resides below the playing field and has the ability to swap the positions of any two adjacent stacks at a time. Thus, the player is required to switch around the stacks to ensure that the monsters fall into the correct places. Points are awarded for each set of monsters that are eliminated.\nIn addition to the four different types of monsters, two halves of a Yoshi eggshell will also fall. The bottom eggshell half behaves like a monster: it disappears when it comes into contact with another bottom half. However, if a falling top half comes into contact with a bottom half, the two will join and hatch a Yoshi, earning the player bonus points. Furthermore, if a stack of monsters grows atop a bottom half and a top half is then added, all monsters between the halves will be encased and eliminated. Larger Yoshi characters will",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What were the benefits of the Genesis compared to the console, which was also known by a three-letter acronym that represented its full name and included the game Yoshi in its repertoire? | [
{
"id": 691197,
"question": "Yoshi >> platform",
"answer": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 15840,
"question": "What is the abbreviation of #1 ?",
"answer": "NES",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 36002,
"question": "What were the Genesis's advantages over the #2 ?",
"answer": "built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound | [
"16-bit",
"16-bit architecture"
] | true | What were the Genesis's advantages over the console whose three letter abbreviation stood for the full console name and also featured the game Yoshi? |
3hop1__857_846_7810 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234).\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (rThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–TibetDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": "In recent years, Nanjing has been developing its economy, commerce, industry, as well as city construction. In 2013 the city's GDP was RMB 801 billion (3rd in Jiangsu), and GDP per capita(current price) was RMB 98,174(US$16041), a 11 percent increase from 2012. The average urban resident's disposable income was RMB 36,200, while the average rural resident's net income was RMB 14,513. The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.02 percent, lower than the national average (4.3 percent). Nanjing's Gross Domestic Product ranked 12th in 2013 in China, and its overall competence ranked 6th in mainland and 8th including Taiwan and Hong Kong in 2009..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated. Careful placement of the eye or knot of the noose (so that the head was jerked back as the rope tightened) contributed to breaking the neck.\nPrior to 1892, the drop was between four and ten feet (about one to three metres), depending on the weight of the body, and was calculated to deliver an energy of 1,260 foot-pounds force (1,710 J), which fractured the neck at either the 2nd and 3rd or 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. This force resulted in some decapitations, such as the infamous case of Black Jack Ketchum in New Mexico Territory in 1901, owing to a significant weight gain while in custody not having been factored into the drop calculations. Between 1892 and 1913, the length of the drop was shortened to avoid decapitation. After 1913, other factors were also taken into account, and the energy delivered was reduced to about 1,000 foot-pounds force (1,400 J).\n\nThe decapitation of Eva Dugan during a botched hanging in 1930 led the state of Arizona to switch to the gas chamber as its primary execution method, on the grounds that it was believed more humane. One of the more recent decapitations as a result of the long drop occurred when Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was hanged in Iraq in 2007. Accidental decapitation also occurred during the 1962 hanging of Arthur Lucas, one of the last two individuals to be put to death in Canada.\nNazis executed under British jurisdiction, including Josef Kramer, Fritz Klein, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, were hanged by Albert Pierrepoint using the variable-drop method devised by Marwood. The record speed for a British long-drop hanging",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the GDP per capita in 2013 at the location where the Yongle Emperor met the person to whom the edict was addressed? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 7810,
"question": "What was #2 's GDP per person in 2013?",
"answer": "RMB 98,174(US$16041)",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | RMB 98,174(US$16041) | [] | true | What was where the Yongle emperor greeted who the edict addressed GDP per person in 2013? |
3hop1__135659_87694_124169 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "St. Peter's Basilica",
"paragraph_text": " was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (these equivalent titles being held by the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as \"holding a unique position in the Christian world\", and as \"the greatest of all churches of Christendom.\"\nCatholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, chief among Jesus's apostles and also the first Bishop of Rome (Pope). Saint Peter's tomb is directly below the high altar of the basilica, also known as the Altar of the Confession. For this reason, many popes, cardinals and bishops have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period.\nSt. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage and for its liturgical functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining St. Peter's Square; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the early Christian Church, the Papacy, the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age. St. Peter's is one of the four churches in the world that hold the rank of Major papal basilica, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as bishop of Rome is at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\nSt. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River Tiber and near the Janiculum Hill and Hadrian's Mausoleum. Its central dome dominates the skyline of Rome. The basilica is approached via St. Peter's Square, a forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall colonnades. The first space is oval and the second trapezoidal. The façade of the basilica, with a giant order of columns, stretches across the end of the square and is approached by steps on which stand two The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Governor of Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": "The post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.1.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Sera",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mantua Cathedral",
"paragraph_text": " was followed by a building destroyed by a fire in 894. It was quickly re erected in Protoromanesque style. The church was rebuilt beginning in 1132 by Bishop Manfredo, initially in the Romanesque style. The bell tower was finished before 1150.\nThe current church stands on the Romanesque church of San Pietro, of which only some wall structures and the bell tower are preserved. It was rebuilt in 1395–1401 with the addition of side chapels and a Gothic west front, which can still be seen in a sketch by Domenico Morone (preserved in the Palazzo Ducale of Mantua).\n\nIn 1395 Francesco I Gonzaga, to celebrate the birth of his firstborn son, ordered the construction of a new facade in the Gothic style. It was carried out by the Venetian brothers Jacobello and Pierpaolo dalle Masegne. Of their original work, only the right flank of the cathedral has survived. The façade was equipped with a prothyrum, rose windows and pinnacles. The organ of the cathedral was built by Hans Tugi in c. 1503.\nAfter another fire in 1545, Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga, then regent of the Duchy of Mantua, commissioned Giulio Romano to renovate the church. Romano left the facade and perimeter walls intact but substantially altered the interior, transforming it into a form similar to the ancient early Christian version of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Notable characteristics of the Renaissance structure are the cusps, decorated with rose windows on the south side, which end at the Romanesque bell tower. After Giulio Romano's death in 1546, the work continued under Giovan Battista Bertani.\nDuring the period of French occupation, the cathedral was subjected to heavy Napoleonic spoliation. The altarpiece Temptations of St. Anthony the Abbot, by Paolo Veronese was among the 10 canvases in the Cathedral of Mantua, commissioned from Veronese and Mantuan artists by Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga in the mid-1500s that are now in the Museum of Caen, Normandy, from the time of the Napoleonic occupation. \n\n\n== Architecture ==\n\nThe cathedral is an overlay of three styles: the late Baroque facade, the Gothic left flank, and the Romanesque bell tower.\nOn the initiative of Bishop Antonio Guidi of Bagno, the present facade, completely made of Carrara marble, was built between 1756 and 1761 to the design of the Roman Nicolò Baschiera, an engineer of the Austrian army. The commission for the work was given to Giovanni Angelo Finali (1709-1772), an artist from Valsolda long active in Verona, who was also the author of the statues placed on the facade, along with sculptor Giuseppe Tivani. The central part of the facade, where the threeMantua Cathedral () in Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy, is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Peter. It is the seat of the Bishop of Mantua. Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Peter. It is the seat of the Bishop of Mantua.\n\n\n== History ==\nAn initial structure probably existed on the site in the Early Christian era, which was followed by a building destroyed by a fire in 894. It was quickly re erected in Protoromanesque style. The church was rebuilt beginning",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the end date of the governance of the official overseeing the city that holds Catholicism's leader and is home to the basilica named after the same saint as the Mantua Cathedral? | [
{
"id": 135659,
"question": "The Mantua Cathedral was named for whom?",
"answer": "Peter",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 87694,
"question": "st. #1 ’s basilica the head of the catholic religion is located in",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 124169,
"question": "On what date did Governor of #2 end?",
"answer": "1952",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 1952 | [] | true | When was the end of the Governor of the city containing the head of Catholicism, and the Basilica named for the saint who the Mantua Cathedral is also named for? |
4hop1__31050_725495_49925_267352 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "though there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, andAlthough there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Peter Agricola",
"paragraph_text": "Peter Agricola (June 29, 1525 – July 5 or 7, 1585) was a German Renaissance humanist, educator, classical scholar and theologian, diplomat and statesman, disciple of Martin Luther, friend and collaborator of Philipp Melanchthon.Successively tutor to several young princes of German sovereign states and rector of schools in Ulm and Lauingen, where he created (1559–1561",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Catholic Church in Lesotho",
"paragraph_text": " Catholic Church in Lesotho is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. \nIn 2020, over Many Christians still practice their traditional cultural beliefs and rituals along with Christianity. The Catholic Church has fused some aspects of local culture into its services. For example, the singing of hymns during services has developed into a local and traditional way of singing (a repetitive call and response style) in Sesotho, the indigenous language, as well as English. In addition priests are seen dressed in local dress during services.Many Christians still practice their traditional cultural beliefs and rituals along with Christianity. The Catholic Church has fused some aspects of local culture into its services. For example, the singing of hymns during services has developed into a local and traditional way of singing (a repetitive call and response style) in Sesotho, the indigenous language, as well as English. In addition priests are seen dressed in local dress during services.The Catholic Church in Lesotho is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. \nIn 2020, over 90 percent of the population were Christians; followers of traditional religion, along with Muslims, Hindus and Baha'is, constitute the remainder. \nIn 2020, Catholics accounted for 45 percent of the population. However, other estimates were much higher.\nChristians are scattered throughout the country, while Muslims live mainly in the northeastern part of the country. Most practitioners of Islam are of Asian origin, while the majority of Christians are the indigenous Basotho.\nMany Christians still practice their traditional cultural beliefs and rituals along with Christianity. The Catholic Church has fused some aspects of local culture into its services. For example, the singing of hymns during services has developed into a local and traditional way of singing (a repetitive call and response style) in Sesotho, the indigenous language, as well as English. In addition priests are seen dressed in local dress during services.\nThe prominent role of the Catholic Church in the country derives from the successful establishment of Catholic schools in the 20th century and their influence over education policy. The Catholic Church used to own about 75 percent of all primary and secondary schools in the country, and was instrumental in establishing the National University of Lesotho; as of 2007, however, it owned less than 40 percent of the primary and secondary schools.\nThe Catholic Church helped found the Basotho National Party (BNP) in 1959 and sponsored it in the independence elections in 1966. Most members of the BNP are practicing Catholics. The BNP ruled the country from independence in 1966 until 1985 when it was overthrown in a military coup. The then-opposition Basutoland Congress Party (BCP) historically has been aligned with the Protestant Lesotho Evangelical Church.\nThere are 4 dioceses including one archdiocese:\n\nMaseru\nLeribe\nMohale’s Hoek\nQacha’s Nek\n\n\n== See also ==\nReligion in Lesotho\nList of saints from Africa\n\n\n== References ==The Catholic Church in Lesotho is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. \nIn 2020, over 90 percent of the population were Christians; followers of traditional religion, along with Muslims, Hindus and Baha'is, constitute the remainder. \nIn 202",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Guam",
"paragraph_text": ", Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova started with the \"GUAM consultative forum\", established on 10 October 1997, in Strasbourg and named after the initial letters of each of those countries. In 1999, the organisation adopted the name GUUAM due to the membership of Uzbekistan. A summit in Yalta on 6 and 7 June 2001 was accompanied by the signing of GUUAM's charter, which formalized the organization. According to the former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, the charter set objectives for cooperation, such as promoting democratic values, ensuring stable development, enhancing international and regional security, and stepping up European integration. \nIn 2002, Uzbekistan announced that it planned to withdraw from the organization and following this announcement started to ignore GUUAM summits and meetings. In May 2005, shortly after the Andijan massacre, Uzbekistan finally gave official notice of withdrawal from the organization to the Moldovan presidency, thus changing the group's name back to GUAM.\nA summit of GUUAM took place in Chișinău, Moldova, on 22 April 2005. The US Department of State special representative for Eurasian conflicts, Steven Mann, and the OSCE Secretary General, Ján Kubiš, participated in the summit. The Russian ambassador in Chișinău criticized the fact that Russia was not invited to attend. Ilham Aliyev, the president of Azerbaijan, said after the summit: \"Our organization is emerging as a powerful force, participating in resolving problems in the Caspian—Black Sea region\" while the president of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, said that a new page had been written in the history of the organization.\n\n\n=== Deepening of relations and integration (2006–201Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.ThePost-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines. \"Plurilateral\" and \"In Force\". According to the WTO database, the GUAM FTA agreement was signed in 2002 and entered into force in 2003. International Trade Centre says there is no free trade area in operation with distinct rules from an Agreement on Creation of CIS Free Trade Area, was signed on 15 April 1994 by 12 CIS countries.\nThe database of agreements of the International Trade Centre does not indicate that a GUAM FTA agreement has been concluded, but it does indicate that the 1994 Agreement on CIS FTA is in force for Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova. and the 1999 Agreement on CIS FTA version is listed as the current text of the FTA agreement.\nThe official negotiating language of GUAM was Russian, but it was scrapped in favor of English in 2014.\nElection monitoring by GUAM has been described as \"low-quality\", as observers from the group validate flawed elections.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins and foundation, Uzbek membership (1997–2005) ===\n\nCooperation between Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova started with the \"GUAM consultative forum\", established on 10 October 1997, in Strasbourg and named after the initial letters of each of those countries. In 1999, the organisation adopted the name GUUAM due to the membership of Uzbekistan. A summit in Yalta on 6 and 7 June 2001 was accompanied by the signing of GUUAM's charter, which formalized the organization. According to the former Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, the charter set objectives for cooperation, such as promoting democratic values, ensuring stable development, enhancing international and regional security, and stepping up European integration. \nIn 2002, Uzbekistan announced that it planned to withdraw from the organization and following this announcement started to ignore GUUAM summits and meetings. In May 2005, shortly after the Andijan massacre, Uzbekistan finally gave official notice of withdrawal from the organization to the Moldovan presidency, thus changing the group's name back to GUAM.\nA summit of GUUAM took place in Chișinău, Moldova, on 22 April 2005. The US Department of State special representative for Eurasian conflicts, Steven Mann, and the OSCE Secretary General, Ján Kubiš, participated in the summit. The Russian ambassador in Chișinău criticized the fact that Russia was not invited to attend. Ilham Aliyev, the president of Azerbaijan, said after the summit: \"Our organization is emerging as a powerful force, participating in resolving problems in the Caspian—Black Sea region\" while the president of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, said that a new page had been written in the history of the organization.\n\n\n=== Deepening of relations and integration (2006–201Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which movement was led by the individual seeking to rectify and address the concerns of the church that became the chosen faith of the majority? | [
{
"id": 31050,
"question": "What religion was the general population converted to?",
"answer": "Roman Catholicism",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 725495,
"question": "#1 in Lesotho >> part of",
"answer": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #2 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 267352,
"question": "#3 >> movement",
"answer": "German Renaissance",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | German Renaissance | [] | true | What movement did the person who wanted to reform and address the church that the general population converted to lead? |
2hop__463884_807572 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "13th Legislative District (New Jersey)",
"paragraph_text": "2.6%) from some other race, and 15,717 (6.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19,915 (8.7%) of the population.\nThe district had 183,388 registered voters as of December 1, 2021, of whom 74,386 (40.6%) were registered as unaffiliated, 56,393 (30.8%) were registered as Republicans, 50,499 (27.5%) were registered as Democrats, and 2,110 (1.1%) were registered to other parties.\n\n\n== Political representation ==\nFor the 2024-2025 session, the 13th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Declan O'Scanlon (R, Little Silver) and in the General Assembly by Vicky Flynn (R, Holmdel Township) and Gerard Scharfenberger (R, Middletown Township).\nThe legislative district overlaps with New Jersey's 4th and 6th congressional districts.\n\n\n== 1965–1973 ==\nIn the interim period between the 1964 Supreme Court decision Reynolds v. Sims which required the creation of state legislature districts to be made as equal in population as possible and the 1973 creation of the 40-district map, the 13th district consisted of all of Bergen County. Senators were elected at-large from the entire county (four members in the 1965 election, five in the 1967 and 1971 elections) while the district was split into five Assembly districts that each elected two members.\nThe members elected to the Senate from this district are as follows:\n\nThe members elected to the Assembly from each district are as follows:\n\n\n== District composition since 1973 ==\nWhen the 40-district legislative map was created in 1973, the 13th district was located in the capital region of the state, only including Trenton and Hamilton Township in Mercer County. In the 1981 redistricting, the 13th was moved to encompass the northern Monmouth County shoreline (including Middletown Township, Hazlet, Matawan) and Old Bridge Township in Middlesex County. Following the 1991 redistricting, Matawan was removed but Spotswood in Middlesex County was added to the 13th. The district reverted to its 1981 configuration in 2001 with the exception of the addition of Holmdel. In the 2011 redistricting, the 13th district was located entirely in Monmouth County by removing Old Bridge and adding some of boroughs in the northeast corner of the county including Atlantic Highlands, Highlands, Monmouth Beach, and Oceanport.\nHelen Chiarello Szabo took office in a November 1976 special election to succeed S. Howard Woodson, who resigned in September 197 6to head the New Jersey Civil Service Commission. In turn, Szabo stepped down in September 1978 to become the superintendent of elections in Mercer County and was succeeded in a November 1978 special election by Gerald R. Stockman.\n\n\n== Election history ==\n\n\n== Election results, 1973–present ==\n\n\n=== Senate ===\n\n\n=== General Assembly ===\n\n\n== Election results, 1965–1973 ==\n\n\n=== Senate ===\n\n\n=== General Assembly ===\n\n\n==== District 13A ====\n\n\n==== District 13B ====\n\n\n==== District 13C ====\n\n\n==== District 13D ====\n\n\n==== District 13E ====\n\n\n== References ==New Jersey's 13th legislative district is one of 40 in the state, covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Aberdeen Township, Atlantic Highlands Borough, West Long BranchNew Jersey's 13th Legislative District is one of 40 in the state, covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Aberdeen Township, Atlantic Highlands Borough, Fair Haven Borough, Hazlet Township, Highlands Borough, Holmdel Township, Keansburg Borough, Keyport Borough, Little Silver Borough, Marlboro Township, Middletown Township, Monmouth Beach Borough, Oceanport Borough, Rumson Borough, Sea Bright Borough and Union Beach Borough as of the 2011 apportionment.NewNew Jersey's 13th Legislative District is one of 40 in the state, covering the Monmouth County municipalities of Aberdeen Township, Atlantic Highlands Borough, Fair Haven Borough, Hazlet Township, Highlands Borough, Holmdel Township, Keansburg Borough, Keyport Borough, Little Silver Borough, Marlboro Township, Middletown Township, Monmouth Beach Borough, Oceanport Borough, Rumson Borough, Sea Bright Borough and Union Beach Borough as of the 2011 apportionment.2020 United States census, the district had a population of 227,695, of whom 178,696 (78.5%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 181,986 (79.9%) White, 6,158 (2.7%) African American, 355 (0.2%) Native American, 17,581 (7.7%) Asian, 40 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 5,858 (2.6%) from some other race, and 15,717 (6.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19,915 (8.7%) of the population.\nThe district had 183,388 registered voters as of December 1, 2021, of whom 74,386 (40.6%) were registered as unaffiliated, 56,393 (30.8%) were registered as Republicans, 50,499 (27.5%) were registered as Democrats, and 2,110 (1.1%) were registered to other parties.\n\n\n== Political representation ==\nFor the 2024-2025 session, the 13th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Declan O'Scanlon (R",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ira C. Allen Mansion",
"paragraph_text": " Hon. Ira C. Allen, a former Rutland County state senator, state representative, and prominent Fair Haven businessman, purchased the property on the west side of the town Green. Allen, who had interests in real estate, banking, the railroad, marble, and slate, was a distant relative of American Revolutionary War patriot and Vermont Founding Father Ethan Allen. Allen was married to Mary E. Richardson, the niece of one of his business partners.\nBy 1867, Allen finished construction on the twenty-two room, 6,400-square-foot (590 m2) French Second Empire/Italianate mansion. On January 1, 1868, Allen and his family moved into the home. The home was the first in Fair Haven to have electricity.\nAfter he died, Allen left the mansion to his four children: Charles R., Ira R., Jessie A., and Francis. Charles R. Allen and his wife Jessie Dailey Allen lived on the property before he and his brothers sold their shares in 1889 to their sister, Jessie, for $15,000.00. In 1903 the home moved from Jessie AThe Ira C. Allen Mansion is an historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic District.TheThe Ira C. Allen Mansion is an historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic District. the Fair Haven Green Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as the Allen-Castle House.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1866 the Hon. Ira C. Allen, a former Rutland County state senator, state representative, and prominent Fair Haven businessman, purchased the property on the west side of the town Green. Allen, who had interests in real estate, banking, the railroad, marble, and slate, was a distant relative of American Revolutionary War patriot and Vermont Founding Father Ethan Allen. Allen was married to Mary E. Richardson, the niece of one of his business partners.\nBy 1867, Allen finished construction on the twenty-two room, 6,400-square-foot (590 m2) French Second Empire/Italianate mansion. On January 1, 1868, Allen and his family moved into the home. The home was the first in Fair Haven to have electricity.\nAfter he died, Allen left the mansion to his four children: Charles R., Ira R., Jessie A., and Francis. Charles R. Allen and his wife Jessie Dailey Allen lived on the property before he and his brothers sold their shares in 1889 to their sister, Jessie, for $15,000.00. In 1903 the home moved from Jessie AThe Ira C. Allen Mansion is an historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic District.The Ira C. Allen Mansion, now the Marble Mansion Inn, is a historic property on the Green in Fair Haven, Vermont, United States. It is a contributing property to the Fair Haven Green Historic",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what county can one find the Ira C. Allen Mansion? | [
{
"id": 463884,
"question": "Ira C. Allen Mansion >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Fair Haven",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 807572,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Monmouth County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Monmouth County | [] | true | What county is the Ira C. Allen Mansion located in? |
3hop1__374018_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dubbi",
"paragraph_text": " include Obbish, Ob, Ib, Arpy Darpy, and Iz.\n\n\n== Rules ==\nUbbi dubbi works by adding -ub- before each vowel sound in a syllable (or, as a linguist might put it, \"insert [����b] after each syllable onset\"). The stress falls on the \"ub\" of the syllable that is stressed in the original word. In the word \"hello\" for example, which is stressed on the \"-lo\" syllable, the stress falls on the \"lub\" in \"hubellubo\".\nThe method of adding \"ub\" before each vowel sound hasDubbi is a village located in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. It borders on the Thar Desert, adjacent to Mirwah Taluka and Nara Taluka.Ubbi dubDubbi is a village located in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. It borders on the Thar Desert, adjacent to Mirwah Taluka and Nara Taluka. PBS children's show Zoom. When Zoom was revived in 1999 on PBS, Ubbi dubbi was again a feature of the show. Variations of Ubbi Dubbi include Obbish, Ob, Ib, Arpy Darpy, and Iz.\n\n\n== Rules ==\nUbbi dubbi works by adding -ub- before each vowel sound in a syllable (or, as a linguist might put it, \"insert [����b] after each syllable onset\"). The stress falls on the \"ub\" of the syllable that is stressed in the original word. In the word \"hello\" for example, which is stressed on the \"-lo\" syllable, the stress falls on the \"lub\" in \"hubellubo\".\nThe method of adding \"ub\" before each vowel sound hasDubbi is a village located in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. It borders on the Thar Desert, adjacent to Mirwah Taluka and Nara Taluka.Ubbi dubbi is a language game spoken with the English language. Originating in America in the 17th century, it was popularized by the 1972–1978 PBS children's show Zoom. When Zoom was revived in 1999 on PBS, Ubbi dubbi was again a feature of the show. Variations of Ubbi Dubbi include Obbish, Ob, Ib, Arpy Darpy, and Iz.\n\n\n== Rules ==\nUbbi dubbi works by adding -ub- before each vowel sound in a syllable (or, as a linguist might put it, \"insert [����b] after each syllable onset\"). The stress falls on the \"ub\" of the syllable that is stressed in the original word. In the word \"hello\" for example, which is stressed on the \"-lo\" syllable, the stress falls on the \"lub\" in \"hubellubo\".\nThe method of adding \"ub\" before each vowel sound has been described as \"iterative infixation\".\n\n\n== Examples ==\nGood day → \"Gubood dubay\"\nSpeak → \"spubeak\" \nHello → \"hubellubo\" \nExtra → \"ubextruba\" \nHubba Bubba bubblegum → \"Hububbuba Bububbuba bubububblegubum\"\nMississippi → \"Mubissubissubippubi\"\nUbbi Dubbi → \"Ububbubi Dububbubi\"\nZoom → \"Zuboom\"\nSubaru → \"Subububarubu\"\n\"Hi, how are you?\" → \"Hubi, hubow ubare yubou?\"\n\"We need to get to Plantation Road on time.\" → \"Wube nubeed tuboo gubet tuboo Plubantubashubon Ruboad ubon tubime.\"\n\"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.\" → \"Uball hubumuban bubeubings ubare buborn frubee uband ubeq-wub-al ubin dubignubituby uband rubights. Thubey ubare ubendubowed wubith rubeasubon uband cubonscubience uband shubould ubact tubowubards \"w-ub-on\" ubanubothuber ubin uba spubirubit ubof brubothuberhubood.\"\n\n\n== Uses ==\nUbbi Dubbi has also been popularized as the signature speech pattern of the cartoon character Mushmouth from the animated series Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, voiced by Bill Cosby. Cosby also used this speech variation in his famous \"Dentist\" monologue to illustrate the effects of a dose of Novocaine.\nIt was used in the episode \"Mentalo Case\" from the TV series The King Of Queens, between character Spence Olchin (Patton Oswalt) and a salesman at a toy convention.\nIt was also used between Penny and Amy in season 10 episode 7 of The Big Bang Theory as a means of having a secret conversation, to counter Sheldon and Leonard's use of Klingon.\nIn the video game Rayman Origins, the Bubble Dreamer speaks Ubbi Dubbi.\n\n\n== See also ==\n-izzle / Dizzouble Dizzutch (a.k.a. \"shizzolation\")\nJavanais",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.Hindus (Hindustani: [������ndu] ; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent.\nIt is assumed that the term \"Hindu\" traces back to Avestan scripture Vendidad which refers to land of seven rivers as Hapta Hendu which itself is a cognate to Sanskrit term Sapta Sindhu��� (This term Sapta Sindhu��� is mentioned in RigVeda that refers to a North western Indian region of seven rivers and as a India whole). The Greek cognates of the same terms are \"Indus\" (for the river) and \"India\" (for the land of the river). Likewise Hebrew cognate hōd-dū refers to India mentioned in Hebrew Bible (Esther 1:1). The term \"Hindu\" also implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifierThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What does the term, synonymous with India's dominant faith, signify in the Arabic language at the time the nation where Dubbi exists was established? | [
{
"id": 374018,
"question": "Dubbi >> country",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
] | true | What is the meaning of the word that is also the majority religion in India when the country where Dubbi is located was created in the Arabic dictionary? |
3hop1__816887_127905_80286 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Cleveland Indians",
"paragraph_text": " in 1901, Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues, the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902. Beginning in 1903, the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps, after team captain Nap Lajoie.\nLajoie left after the 1914 season and club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name. They chose the name Cleveland Indians. That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century. Common nicknames for the Indians were \"the Tribe\" and \"the Wahoos\", the latter referencing their longtime logo, Chief Wahoo. After the Indians name came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy, the team adopted the Guardians name following the 2021 season.\nFrom August 24 to September 14, 2017, the team won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history, and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history.\nAs of the end of the 2023 season, the franchise's overall record is 9,760–9,300 (.512).\n\n\n== Early Cleveland baseball teams ==\n\nAccording to one historian of baseball, \"In 1857, baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful.\"\n\n1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Amateur)\n1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland\nFrom 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities that established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was often called the Forest Citys, in the same generic way that the team from Chicago was sometimes called The Chicagos.\nIn 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA), the first professional league. Ultimately, two of the league's western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that city's White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NA's westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded. Cleveland played its full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season.\n\n1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys\n1882–1884 Cleveland Blues\nIn 1876, the National League (NL) supplThe Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.1932 Art Deco sculptures by Henry Hering on the city's Hope Memorial Bridge, which is adjacent to Progressive Field. The team's mascot is named \"Slider\". The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona.\nThe franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a minor league team based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, that played in the Western League. The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was called the Cleveland Lake Shores. The Western League itself was renamed the American League prior to the 1900 season while continuing its minor league status. When the American League declared itself a major league in 1901, Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues, the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902. Beginning in 1903, the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps, after team captain Nap Lajoie.\nLajoie left after the 1914 season and club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name. They chose the name Cleveland Indians. That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century. Common nicknames for the Indians were \"the Tribe\" and \"the Wahoos\", the latter referencing their longtime logo, Chief Wahoo. After the Indians name came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy, the team adopted the Guardians name following the 2021 season.\nFrom August 24 to September 14, 2017, the team won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history, and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history.\nAs of the end of the 2023 season, the franchise's overall record is 9,760–9,300 (.512).\n\n\n== Early Cleveland baseball teams ==\n\nAccording to one historian of baseball, \"In 1857, baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful.\"\n\n1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Amateur)\n1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland\nFrom 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Dick Aylward",
"paragraph_text": " all occurred as a mid-game replacement for regular catcher Jim Hegan in lopsided Cleveland defeats. All told, he played ten innings in the field and handled ten chances without an error. His three MLB at bats came in one game, May 5 against the New York Yankees at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. After the Yankees jumped out to an 8–0 lead in their half of the fourth inning, Aylward came into the game. He grounded out twice against Whitey Ford, then struck out in the ninth inning against relief pitcher Tom Gorman. After playing in his final big-league game on May 20, Aylward spent the rest of the campaign with the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians. His minor league career then extended into 1958.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)Richard John Aylward (June 4, 1925 – June 11, 1983) was an American professional baseball player. The catcher, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, appeared in four games in Major League Baseball for the Cleveland Indians during the 1953 season, although his professional playing career lasted 14 years and 1,148 games in minor league baseball.\nAylward, who batted and threw right-handed, was listed as 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and 190 pounds (86 kg). After his first pro season in 1943, he joined the United States Army and served in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. He resumed his baseball career in 1946 in the Chicago Cubs' farm system, and was eventually acquired by the Indians' organization in 1951. After hitting a career-high .285 in the DoubleAylward, who batted and threw right-handed, was listed as tall and . After his first pro season in 1943, he joined the United States Army and served in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. He resumed his baseball career in 1946 in the Chicago Cubs' farm system, and was eventually acquired by the Indians' organization in 1951. After hitting a career-high .285 in the Double-A Texas League in 1952, he received his MLB trial with Cleveland the following spring.RAylward, who batted and threw right-handed, was listed as tall and . After his first pro season in 1943, he joined the United States Army and served in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. He resumed his baseball career in 1946 in the Chicago Cubs' farm system, and was eventually acquired by the Indians' organization in 1951. After hitting a career-high .285 in the Double-A Texas League in 1952, he received his MLB trial with Cleveland the following spring. (86 kg). After his first pro season in 1943, he joined the United States Army and served in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. He resumed his baseball career in 1946 in the Chicago Cubs' farm system, and was eventually acquired by the Indians' organization in 1951. After hitting a career-high .285 in the Double-A Texas League in 1952, he received his MLB trial with Cleveland the following spring.\nAylward's four big-league games during May 1953 all occurred as a mid-game replacement for regular catcher Jim Hegan in lopsided Cleveland defeats. All told, he played ten innings in the field and handled ten chances without an error. His three MLB at bats came in one game, May 5 against the New York Yankees at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. After the Yankees jumped out to an 8–0 lead in their half of the fourth inning, Aylward came into the game. He grounded out twice against Whitey Ford, then struck out in the ninth inning against relief pitcher Tom Gorman. After playing in his final big-league game on May 20, Aylward spent the rest of the campaign with the Triple-A Indianapolis Indians. His minor league career then extended into 1958.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from Baseball Reference,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders",
"paragraph_text": "ado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb are the only players with 4,000 career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, doing so during the 1902 season. Ichiro Suzuki is the current active leader. first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the league where Dick Aylward competes, who has achieved the highest number of hits? | [
{
"id": 816887,
"question": "Dick Aylward >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Indians",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 127905,
"question": "What league was Cleveland #1 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 80286,
"question": "who has the most hits in #2 history",
"answer": "Pete Rose",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Pete Rose | [] | true | Who has the most hits in the league of the team that Dick Aylward plays for? |
2hop__75207_7363 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Rodrigo de la Serna, who incidentally is a second cousin to the real-life Guevara on his maternal side. Directed by Brazilian director Walter Salles and written by Puerto Rican playwright José Rivera, the film was an international co-production among production companies from Argentina, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Chile, Peru and France. The film's executive producers were Robert Redford, Paul Webster, and Rebecca Yeldham; the producers were Edgard Tenenbaum, Michael Nozik, and Karen Tenkhoff; and the co-producers were Daniel Burman and Diego Dubcovsky.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Che of The Motorcycle Diaries is more akin to Jack Kerouac or Neal Cassady than Marx or Lenin.\"\nIn 1952, a semester before Ernesto \"Fuser\" Guevara is due to complete his medical degree, he and his older friend Alberto Granado, a biochemist, leave Buenos Aires to travel across South America. While there is a goal at the end of their journey – they intend to work in a leper colony in Peru – the main purpose is initially fun and adventure. They desire to see as much of Latin America as they can, more than 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) in just four and a half months, while Granado's purpose is also to bed as many women as will fall for his pickup lines. Their initial method of transport is Granado's dilapidated Norton 500 motorcycle christened La Poderosa (\"The Mighty One\").\nTheir planned route is ambitious, bringing them north across the Andes, along the coast of Chile, through the Atacama Desert and into the Peruvian Amazon in order to reach Venezuela just in time for Granado's 30th birthday on During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers. and Granado witness first hand the injustices that the destitute face and are exposed to people and social classes they would have never encountered otherwise. To their surprise, the road presents to them both a genuine and captivating picture of Latin American identity. As a result, the trip also plants the initial seed of radicalization within Guevara, who would later challenge the continent's endemic economic inequalities and political repression.\nThe screenplay is based primarily on Guevara's trip diary of the same name, with additional context supplied by Traveling with Che Guevara: The Making of a Revolutionary by Alberto Granado. Guevara is played by Gael García Bernal (who previously played Che in the 2002 miniseries Fidel), and Granado by the Argentine actor Rodrigo de la Serna, who incidentally is a second cousin to the real-life Guevara on his maternal side. Directed by Brazilian director Walter Salles and written by Puerto Rican playwright José Rivera, the film was an international co-production among production companies from Argentina, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Chile, Peru and France. The film's executive producers were Robert Redford, Paul Webster, and Rebecca Yeldham; the producers were Edgard Tenenbaum, Michael Nozik, and Karen Tenkhoff; and the co-producers were Daniel Burman and Diego Dubcovsky.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Che of The Motorcycle Diaries is more akin to Jack Kerouac or Neal Cassady than Marx or Lenin.\"\nIn 1952, a semester before Ernesto \"Fuser\" Guevara is due to complete his medical degree, he and his older friend Alberto Granado, a biochemist, leave Buenos Aires to travel across South America. While there is a goal at the end of their journey – they intend to work in a leper colony in Peru – the main purpose is initially fun and adventure. They desire to see as much of Latin America as they can, more than 14,000 kilometres (8,700 mi) in just four and a half months, while Granado's purpose is also to bed as many women as will fall for his pickup lines. Their initial method of transport is Granado's dilapidated Norton 500 motorcycle christened La Poderosa (\"The Mighty One\").\nTheir planned route is ambitious, bringing them north across the Andes, along the coast of Chile, through the Atacama Desert and into the Peruvian Amazon in order to reach Venezuela just in time for Granado's 30th birthday on 2 April. However, due to La Poderosa's breakdown, they are forced to travel at a much slower pace, often walking, and do not make it to Caracas until July.\nDuring their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the \"haves\" (to which they belong) and the obviously exploited \"have-nots\" (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by travelling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire-lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers.\nHowever, it is a visit to the ancient Incan ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru that solidifies something in Guevara. His musings are then somberly refocused to how an indigenous civilization capable of building such beauty could be destroyed by the creators of the eventually polluted urban decay of nearby Lima.\nLater, in Peru, they volunteer for three weeks at the San Pablo leper colony. There, Guevara observes both literally and metaphorically the division of society, as the staff live on the north side of a river, separated from the deprived lepers living across the river to the south. To demonstrate his solidarity, and his medical belief that leprosy is not contagious, Guevara refuses to wear rubber gloves during his visit as the head nun requires, choosing instead to shake bare hands and interact normally with the surprised leper patients.\nAt",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Daylight saving time",
"paragraph_text": " because of the wide variations in sunrise and sunset times. Consequently, only a minority of the world's population uses DST. Some countries observe it only in some regions for example: it is observed only by some Australian states and by all states in the United States except for Hawaii and Arizona (within the latter, however, the Navajo Nation does observe it.\nHistorically, several ancient societies adopted seasonal changes to their timekeeping to make better use of daylight; Roman timekeeping even included changes to water clocks to accommodate this. However, these were changes to the time divisions of the day rather than setting the whole clock forward. In a satirical letter to the editor of the Journal de Paris in 1784, Benjamin Franklin suggested that if Parisians could only wake up earlier in the summer they would economize on candle and oil usage, but he did not propose changing the clocks. In 1895, New Zealand entomologist and astronomer George Hudson made the first realistic proposal to change clocks by two hours every spring to the Wellington Philosophical Society, but this was not implemented until 1928 and in another form. In 1907, William Willett proposed the adoption of British Summer Time as a way to save energy but although seriously considered by Parliament it was not implemented until 1916.\nThe first implementation of DST was by Port Arthur (today merged into Thunder Bay), in Ontario, Canada, in 1908, but only locally, not nationally. The first nation-wide implementations were by the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, both starting on 30 April 1916. Since then, many countries have adopted DST at various times, particularly since the 1970s energy crisis.\n\n\n== Rationale ==\n\nIndustrialized societies usually follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, and the coordination of mass transit, for example, usually remain constant year-round. In contrast, an agrarian society's daily routines for work and personal conduct are more likely governed by the length of daylight hours and by solar time, which change seasonally because of the Earth's axial tilt. North and south of the tropics, daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater the farther one moves away from the equator. DST is of little use for locations near the Equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight over the course of the year.\nAfter synchronously resetting all clocks in a region to one hour ahead of standard time in spring in anticipation of longer daylight hours, individuals following a clock-based schedule will be awakened an hour earlier in the solar day than they would have otherwise. They will begin and complete daily work routines an hour earlier; in most cases, they will have an extra hour of daylight available to them after their workday activities.\nProponents of daylight saving time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical \"nine to five\" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, but the actual effect on overall energy use is heavily disputed.\nThe clock shift is also motivated by practicality. In American temperate latitudes, for example, the sun rises around 04:30 at the summer solstice and sets around 19:30. Since most people are asleep at 04:30, it is seen as more practical to treat 04:30 as if it is 05:30, thereby allowing people to wake closer to the sunrise and be active in the evening light.\n\n\n=== Variation within a time zone ===\nThe effect of daylight saving time also varies according to how far east or west the location is within its time zone, with locations farther east inside the time zone benefiting more from DST than locations farther west in the same time zone. In spite of a width spanning thousands of kilometers, all of China is locatedBeginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates.DayBeginning and ending dates are roughly the reverse in the southern hemisphere. For example, mainland Chile observed DST from the second Saturday in October to the second Saturday in March, with transitions at 24:00 local time. The time difference between the United Kingdom and mainland Chile could therefore be five hours during the Northern summer, three hours during the Southern summer and four hours a few weeks per year because of mismatch of changing dates. late winter, and to set clocks back by one hour to standard time in the autumn (or fall in North American English, hence the mnemonic: \"spring forward and fall back\").\nDST is not usually observed near the Equator, where sunrise and sunset times do not vary enough to justify it; conversely, it is often not observed in places at high latitudes where a one-hour clock shift would provide little benefit because of the wide variations in sunrise and sunset times. Consequently, only a minority of the world's population uses DST. Some countries observe it only in some regions for example: it is observed only by some Australian states and by all states in the United States except for Hawaii and Arizona (within the latter, however, the Navajo Nation does observe it.\nHistorically, several ancient societies adopted seasonal changes to their timekeeping to make better use of daylight; Roman timekeeping even included changes to water clocks to accommodate this. However, these were changes to the time divisions of the day rather than setting the whole clock forward. In a satirical letter to the editor of the Journal de Paris in 1784, Benjamin Franklin suggested that if Parisians could only wake up earlier in the summer they would economize on candle and oil usage, but he did not propose changing the clocks. In 1895, New Zealand entomologist and astronomer George Hudson made the first realistic proposal to change clocks by two hours every spring to the Wellington Philosophical Society, but this was not implemented until 1928 and in another form. In 1907, William Willett proposed the adoption of British Summer Time as a way to save energy but although seriously considered by Parliament it was not implemented until 1916.\nThe first implementation of DST was by Port Arthur (today merged into Thunder Bay), in Ontario, Canada, in 1908, but only locally, not nationally. The first nation-wide implementations were by the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, both starting on 30 April 1916. Since then, many countries have adopted DST at various times",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the specific local time that the nation, where Fuser and Alberto encountered the native pair seeking employment, adjusts their clocks for Daylight Saving Time? | [
{
"id": 75207,
"question": "where do fuser and alberto meet the indigenous couple who were traveling to look for work",
"answer": "In Chile",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 7363,
"question": "At what local time does #1 change their clocks for DST?",
"answer": "24:00",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 24:00 | [] | true | At what local time does the country where Fuser and Alberto meet the indigenous couple traveling to look for work change their clocks for DST? |
3hop2__326964_265410_7713 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": " Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT661A bus chassis in 1979.\nThe factory was renamed to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory (江��省��州汽车修造��) in 1981, and the first JT663 coach was built and delivered to the Eighth Team of Jiangsu Passenger Transportation Co., Ltd. in February 1981. The JT663 was the first dedicated bus chassis built and the factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Factory (江��省��州客车制造��) in 1985. The company continued to develop buses, launching the JS6879 coach in 1989 in cooperation with the Xi'an Highway Institute, as the first domestic sleeper coach. The factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Main Factory (江��省��州客车制造总��) in 1990.\nThe JS6971 luxury inter-city tourism coach was launched in 1993, which marked the first use of a domestically-produced rear axle. The Jiangsu Asiastar Bus (Group) Co., Ltd. (江����星客车集��有限公司) was founded in August 1996, followed by the Yangzhou Asiastar Motor Coach Co., Ltd. (��州��星客车��份有限公司 in September 1998, with the approval of the provincial government; Yangzhou Asiastar was then listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in August 1999.\nAsiastar started several joint ventures with western companies, including Mercedes-Benz, to further develop domestic manufacturing and quality controls. In 2009, Weichai Group entered into a strategic framework cooperation agreement with Yangzhou Asiastar and the People's Republic of China and laid the cornerstone for a new Yangzhou factory in 2011. In 2012, Yangzhou Asiastar formed a holding company named Fengtai Bus and Coach International (FTBCI, ���门����汽车). The company's second factory is located in the Xiamen Free Trade Zone, which specializes in electric buses.\n\n\n== Models ==\n\n\n=== Transit Buses ===\n\nJS6106GH\nJS6110SH\nJS6111SHA\nJS6126GHA\nJS6127GHA\nJS6130SH\nJS6761GHA\nJS6770GHA\nJS6811GH\nJS6906GHA\nJS6906GHC\nJS6936GH\n\n\n=== Coaches ===\nJS6882TA\nJS6990TA\nYBL6101H\nYBL6105HE32\nYBL6118H1E31\nYBL6119HJ\nYBL6121H\nYBL6123H\nYBL6123H1E31\nYBL6125H\nYBL6128H\nYBL6128SD\nYBL6796HE3\nYBL6805H\nYBL6856HE3\nYBL6905H1CJ\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n=== Special Buses ===\nYBL5130XQCHE31 Police Bus\n\n\n=== Mini Buses ===\nJS6550T\nJS6600T\nJS6608TA\nJS6608TB\nJS6739TA\nJS6752T\nJS6830GHDP (exclusive to Canadian and US markets)\nYZL6701TA\n\n\n=== School Buses ===\nJS6600XC\nJS6660XC\nJS6730XC\nJS6790XC\n\n\n=== Vans ===\nEurise\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nChinese Wikipedia page\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nYaxing Coach webpageYangzhou Asiastar Bus Co., Ltd is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. Founded in 1998, it is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing. The company's brands include Yaxing, Yangtse, Eurise and AsiaStar. Yaxing buses are largely sold domestically in China, but also have a presence in a number of international markets. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.\n\n\n== History ==\nYangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd., aka Asiastar, traces its origins to May 1949, when the Shanghai Military Control Commission assumed control of the former sapper squadron of the Kuomintang, renaming it the Automobile Maintenance Firm of Logistics Department of East China Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT661A bus chassis in 1979.\nThe factory was renamed to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory (江��省��州汽车修造��) in 1981, and the first JT663 coach was built and delivered to the Eighth Team of Jiangsu Passenger Transportation Co., Ltd. in February 1981. The JT663 was the first dedicated bus chassis built and the factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Factory (江��省��州客车制造��) in 1985. The company continued to develop buses, launching the JS6879 coach in 1989 in cooperation with the Xi'an Highway Institute, as the first domestic sleeper coach. The factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Main Factory (江��省��州客车制造总��) in 1990.\nThe JS6971 luxury inter-city tourism coach was launched in 1993, which marked the first use of a domestically-produced rear axle. The Jiangsu Asiastar Bus (Group) Co., Ltd. (江����星客车集��有限公司) was founded in August 1996, followed by the Yangzhou Asiastar Motor Coach Co., Ltd. (��州��星客车��份有限公司 in September 1998, with the approval of the provincial government; Yangzhou Asiastar was then listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in August 1999.\nAsiastar started several joint ventures with western companies, including Mercedes-Benz, to further develop domestic manufacturing and quality controls. In 2009, Weichai Group entered into a strategic framework cooperation agreement with Yangzhou Asiastar and the People's Republic of China and laid the cornerstone for a new Yangzhou factory in 2011. In 2012, Yangzhou Asiastar formed a holding company named Fengtai Bus and Coach International (FTBCI, ���门����汽车). The company's second factory is located in the Xiamen Free Trade Zone, which specializes in electric buses.\n\n\n== Models ==\n\n\n=== Transit Buses ===\n\nJS6106GH\nJS6110SH\nJS6111SHA\nJS6126GHA\nJS6127GHA\nJS6130SH\nJS6761GHA\nJS6770GHA\nJS6811GH\nJS6906GHA\nJS6906GHC\nJS6936GH\n\n\n=== Coaches ===\nJS6882TA\nJS6990TA\nYBL6101H\nYBL6105HE32\nYBL6118H1E31\nYBL6119HJ\nYBL6121H\nYBL6123H\nYBL6123H1E31\nYBL6125H\nYBL6128H\nYBL6128SD\nYBL6796HE3\nYBL6805H\nYBL6856HE3\nYBL6905HYaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands. in a number of international markets. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.\n\n\n== History ==\nYangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd., aka Asiastar, traces its origins to May Yaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Anhua Gao",
"paragraph_text": "Anhua Gao was born in 1949 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Gao's parents were both veteran Communists, and People's Liberation Army (PLA) high officials. Both parents died when Gao was a small child, of a combination of the effects of malnutrition and very poor medical care. After their deaths, they were hailed as revolutionary martyrs by the Maoist government, a title which protected Gao and her siblings from the worst excesses of the Cultural Revolution but did not spare Gao extreme hardship, persecution and even torture.Anhua Gao was born in 1949 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Gao's parents were both veteran Communists, and People's Liberation Army (PLA) high officials. Both parents died when Gao was a small child, of a combination of the effects of malnutrition and very poor medical care",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of RibArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For what duration was the birth city of Anhua Gao serving as the capital where the head office of Yaxing Coach was situated? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 265410,
"question": "Anhua Gao >> place of birth",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long had Anhua Gao's birthplace been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location? |
2hop__147212_60904 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills",
"paragraph_text": " off Sunday evening. The nursing home called multiple times for help and were told they were being prioritized for power restoration. The nursing home was not listed on FPL's priority restoration list and at the time of the incident there were no requirements for generators to power air condition in nursing homes in Florida. \nA moratorium on admissions was placed by the Agency for Health Care Administration. It was removed from Medicaid. The Hollywood Police Department and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement both opened a criminal investigation into the deaths at the center,. In a press release the company stated, \"The Center and its medical and administrative staff diligently prepared for the impact of Hurricane Irma\". In October, Governor Scott implemented emergency rules requiring assisted living facilities and nursing homes to have generators that are capable of operating air conditioners for up to four days in the event of a power outage after decades of inaction on this issue by the Florida Legislature and the Governor. On November 22, the 12 deaths at the nursing home were ruled to be homicides by heat exposure. Both medical examiners conceded in depositions that they purposely did not follow the National Guidelines for determination of manner and cause of death in a heat emergency, which were designed to protect medical examiners from political interference. One of the authors of the guidelines, Dr Jeffrey Jentzen testified that none of the deaths would have been considered homicides if the guidelines were followed. These Court hearings for the potential permanent revocation of the nursing home's license began on January 29, 2018.\nThe deaths at the Hollywood Hills nursing home prompted an immediate response from Florida lawmakers after years of inaction on the issue. Governor Scott signed an executive order mandating nursing facilities to have plans in place to supply emergency power for four days in the event of a power outage. Calling the incident \"a tragedy of gargantuan proportion\", Representative Frederica Wilson proposed all nursing and assisted-living facilities have backup generators and the ability to run air conditioning with generator power. By September 19, Senator Lauren Book filed a bill that would require such facilities to be able to use generator power for five days. About twelve bills related to nursing homes and generators were filed in the 2018 Florida Legislative session.\n\n\n== Closure ==\nAn emergency order on Wednesday, September 20, 2017, by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) suspended the home's license to operate, after the deaths in the aftermath of Irma. On the same day, the facility closed permanently, laying off 245 people.\n\n\n== Government Coverup ==\nGovernment officials vastly undercounted the deaths of Florida nursing home residents after Hurricane Irma in 2017, researchers at Brown found.\nDavid Dosa, MD, MPH, an associate professor of medicine and of health services, policy, and practice, compared deaths at nursing homes across Florida in the 30 days after the Category 4 storm to those reported over the same period in 2015, when no hurricanes occurred in the state. In JAMAThe Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills was a private nursing home located in Hollywood, Florida, United States with 152 beds. It was owned by Jack Michel and affiliated with Larkin Community Hospital. It was acquired by Hollywood Property Investments in 2015.TheThe Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills was a private nursing home located in Hollywood, Florida, United States with 152 beds. It was owned by Jack Michel and affiliated with Larkin Community Hospital. It was acquired by Hollywood Property Investments in 2015., 24 hour nursing care, tube feeding and nutritional management.\n\n\n== Hurricane Irma ==\nAfter the air conditioning system failed due to a power outage during Hurricane Irma in 2017, several residents suffered from hyperthermia inside the facility. The power went off Sunday evening. The nursing home called multiple times for help and were told they were being prioritized for power restoration. The nursing home was not listed on FPL's priority restoration list and at the time of the incident there were no requirements for generators to power air condition in nursing homes in Florida. \nA moratorium on admissions was placed by the Agency for Health Care Administration. It was removed from Medicaid. The Hollywood Police Department and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement both opened a criminal investigation into the deaths at the center,. In a press release the company stated, \"The Center and its medical and administrative staff diligently prepared for the impact of Hurricane Irma\". In October, Governor Scott implemented emergency rules requiring assisted living facilities and nursing homes to have generators that are capable of operating air conditioners for up to four days in the event of a power outage after decades of inaction on this issue by the Florida Legislature and the Governor. On November 22, the 12 deaths at the nursing home were ruled to be homicides by heat exposure. Both medical examiners conceded in depositions that they purposely did not follow the National Guidelines for determination of manner and cause of death in a heat emergency, which were designed to protect medical examiners from political interference. One of the authors of the guidelines, Dr Jeffrey Jentzen testified that none of the deaths would have been considered homicides if the guidelines were followed. These Court hearings for the potential permanent revocation of the nursing home's license began on January 29, 2018.\nThe deaths at the Hollywood Hills nursing home prompted an immediate response from Florida lawmakers after years of inaction on the issue. Governor Scott signed an executive order mandating nursing facilities to have plans in place to supply emergency power for four days in the event of a power outage. Calling the incident \"a tragedy of gargantuan proportion\", Representative Frederica Wilson proposed all nursing and assisted-living facilities have backup generators and the ability to run air conditioning with generator power. By September 19, Senator Lauren Book filed a bill that would require such facilities to be able to use generator power for five days. About twelve bills related to nursing homes and generators were filed in the 2018 Florida Legislative session.\n\n\n== Closure ==\nAn emergency order on Wednesday, September 20, 2017, by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) suspended the home's license to operate, after the deaths in the aftermath of Irma. On the same day, the facility closed permanently, laying off 245 people.\n\n\n== Government Coverup ==\nGovernment officials vastly undercounted the deaths of Florida nursing home residents after Hurricane Irma in 2017, researchers at Brown found.\nDavid Dosa, MD, MPH, an associate",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Hank Moonjean",
"paragraph_text": " Liaisons.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nMoonjean, who was Armenian American, was born in Evanston, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Southern California (USC). Soon after graduation from USC, he answered an employment ad for an interpreter at MGM Studios, and later became an uncredited assistant director for the 1954 film, Bhowani Junction, directed by George Cukor. He worked for MGM for eight years. He became a second director for numerous MGM films while at the studio: Blackboard Jungle, The Prodigal, It's Always Fair Weather, Love Me or Leave Me, The Tender Trap, I'll Cry Tomorrow, A Catered Affair, Kismet, Tea and Sympathy and Raintree County.\nMoonjean collaborated to produce or co-produce many films starring Burt Reynolds, including The End in 1978, Hooper in 1978, Smokey and the Bandit II in 1980, Paternity in 1981, Sharky's Machine in 1981, and Stroker Ace in 1983. In 1975, Moonjean was announced as producer of The Bryna Company film Something Wicked This Way Comes, when it was set to be distributed through Paramount Pictures, but he eventually left the project.\nIn 2008, Moonjean released his memoir, Bring In The Peacocks: Memoirs Of A Hollywood Producer. He also donated an extensive collection of film advertisements to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.\nHank Moonjean died from pancreatic cancer at his Hollywood Hills residence on October 7, 2012, at the age of 82. He was survived by his partner of 51 years, Bradley Bennett.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\nAssistant director\n\nMiscellaneous crew\n\nProduction manager\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\nAs writer\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nHank Moonjean at IMDbHank Moonjean (January 7, 1930 – October 7, 2012) was an American film producer, executive producer, and associate producer. His production credits included Dangerous Liaisons, Child's Play, and The Great Gatsby and several movies featuring Burt Reynolds. Moonjean and film producer Norma Heyman jointly received an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination for the 1988 dramatic film, Dangerous Liaisons.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nMoonjean, who was Armenian American, was born in Evanston, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Southern California (USC). Soon after graduation from USC, he answered an employment ad for an interpreter at MGM Studios, and later became an uncredited assistant director for the 195Hank Moonjean died from pancreatic cancer at his Hollywood Hills residence on October 7, 2012, at the age of 82. He was survived by his partner of 53 years, Bradley Bennett.HHank Moonjean died from pancreatic cancer at his Hollywood Hills residence on October 7, 2012, at the age of 82. He was survived by his partner of 53 years, Bradley Bennett.'s Play, and The Great Gatsby and several movies featuring Burt Reynolds. Moonjean and film producer Norma Heyman jointly received an Academy Award for Best Picture nomination for the 1988 dramatic film, Dangerous Liaisons.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nMoonjean, who was Armenian American, was born in Evanston, Illinois. He graduated from the University of Southern California (USC). Soon after graduation from USC, he answered an employment ad for an interpreter at MGM Studios, and later became an uncredited assistant director for the 1954 film, Bhowani Junction, directed by George Cukor. He worked for MGM for eight years. He became a second director for numerous MGM films while at the studio: Blackboard Jungle, The Prodigal, It's Always Fair Weather, Love Me or Leave Me, The Tender Trap, I'll Cry Tomorrow, A Catered Affair, Kismet, Tea and Sympathy and Raintree County.\nMoonjean collaborated to produce or co-produce many films starring Burt Reynolds, including The End in 1978, Hooper in 1978, Smokey and the Bandit II in 1980, Paternity in 1981, Sharky's Machine in 1981, and Stroker Ace in 1983. In 1975, Moonjean was announced as producer of The Bryna Company film Something Wicked This Way Comes, when it was set to be distributed through Paramount Pictures,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the proprietor of the rehabilitation center situated in the location where Hank Moonjean drew his last breath? | [
{
"id": 147212,
"question": "Where did Hank Moonjean live when he died?",
"answer": "Hollywood Hills",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 60904,
"question": "rehabilitation center at #1 who owns it",
"answer": "Jack Michel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Jack Michel | [] | true | Who owns the rehabilitation center at the place where Hank Moonjean died? |
2hop__132472_684936 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "ALARM",
"paragraph_text": " whistles have been used on locomotives, ships, and in factories as alarm devices.\nWith the advent of electricity, a variety of other alerting devices have been invented, such as buzzers, klaxons, sirens, horns, flashing and coloured lights, and other all-purpose alarms.\nAlarm devices can be fitted to buildings as well as vehicles. Many buildings are fitted with fire alarms, ranging from a self-contained domestic smoke detector to a sophisticated alarm system that can operate building fire fighting systems automatically to extinguish fires with water or inert gases.\nMany industries have developed standards for alarm devices, and the colours red, blue and amber are generally recognized as alarm device-related colours, with flashing lights often indicating urgent conditions.\n\n\n== Responses to an alarm ==\n\nHuman reactions to an alarm will often depend on upbringing, psychological training, or the behaviorThe Ministry of Defence received bids for a new anti-radiation missile in late 1982; British Aerospace Dynamics offered ALARM while Texas Instruments teamed with Lucas Aerospace offered its HARM missile. Defence Secretary Michael Heseltine announced the selection of ALARM on 29 July 1983. The initial order was 750 missiles for the RAF. The selection process was controversial; the battle between the contractors was bitter, the Ministry of Defence favoured ALARM to retain UK industrial capabilities while the Treasury favoured the cheaper and proven HARM. directions of Elizabethan dramas. The term comes from the Italian all'armi and appears 89 times in Shakespeare's First Folio. Often explained as the off-stage sounds of conflict or disturbance, recent research suggests a bell or drum may have been used to rouse soldiers from sleep.\n\n\n== History and development ==\nEarly alarm devices were often bells, drums, other musical instruments, or any items which made unusual loud noises that attracted the attention of the surrounding population.\nWhistles were used by police in the 19th century. Steam whistles have been used on locomotives, ships, and in factories as alarm devices.\nWith the advent of electricity, a variety of other alerting devices have been invented, such as buzzers, klaxons, sirens, horns, flashing and coloured lights, and other all-purpose alarms.\nAlarm devices can be fitted to buildings as well as vehicles. Many buildings are fitted with fire alarms, ranging from a self-contained domestic smoke detector to a sophisticated alarm system that can operate building fire fighting systems automatically to extinguish fires with water or inert gases.\nMany industries have developed standards for alarm devices, and the colours red, blue and amber are generally recognized as alarm device-related colours, with flashing lights often indicating urgent conditions.\n\n\n== Responses to an alarm ==\n\nHuman reactions to an alarm will often depend on upbringing, psychological training, or the behavior of others in the environment. Consequently, the ability to test an alarm and hold regular drills to practice an appropriate response may be provided as part of an alarm system.\nAlarm devices that are intended to cause the evacuation of an occupied building, such as fire alarms, may be deliberately designed to make remaining in the space difficult or even painful in order to encourage occupants to leave.\nSome alarms may startle and cause a fight-or-flight response in humans; a person under this mindset will panic and either flee the perceived danger or attempt to eliminate it, often ignoring rational thought in either case. A person in such a state can be characterized as \"alarmed\".\n\n\n== False alarms ==\n\nWith any kind of alarm, you must balance between the danger of false alarms (called \"false positives\") — the signal going off in the absence of a problem — or an alarm failing to signal an actual problem (called a \"false negative\"). False alarms can waste resources expensively and can even be dangerous. For example, false alarms of a fire can waste firefighter manpower, making them unavailable for a real fire, and risk injury to firefighters and others as the fire engines race to the alleged fire's location. In addition, false alarms may acclimatise people to ignore alarm signals, and thus possibly to ignore an actual emergency: Aesop's fable of The Boy Who Cried Wolf exemplifies this problem.\nA false alarm is one of the most significant issues with conventional alarm systems. They can be triggered for several reasons, such as the movement of pets,",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sea Wolf (missile)",
"paragraph_text": " their Bofors 40 mm guns. It entered service in 1961, the first point-defence missile to do so.\nThe limited performance was understood to be a problem from the start and a requirement for a higher performance replacement was published in 1964. British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) won a 1967 development contract along with Vickers and Bristol Aerojet. Although only slightly longer and heavier than Seacat, Sea Wolf offered dramatically higher performance, with a top speed on the order of Mach 3, an effective range roughly double that of Seacat, and a fully automated guidance system that made engagements much simpler.\nTesting lasted from 1970 until 1977, with shipborne trials on a modified Leander class frigate, HMS Penelope, from 1976. Sea Wolf was tested with a vertical launch system early in the development period on a modified Loch class frigate, HMS Loch Fada but for obscure reasons work did not continue in this direction: the GWS-26 \"VL Seawolf (VLS)\" being a much later (1980s) development. During trials, the missile performed impressively, once intercepting a 114 mm (4.5 in) shell.\n\nThe first deployment, in the GWS-25 form, was on the Type 22 frigate (2 systems) and later on modified Leander class frigates (1 system) in six-round, manually-loaded trainable launchers. It entered service with the Royal Navy in 1979 and was used during the Falklands War. The current version is the GWS-26 Mod 1 system on Type 23 frigates, fielding 32 vertical launch missiles (VL Sea Wolf) in its missile silo. It is expected to remain in service until 2020.\n\n\n== Description ==\nSea Wolf is powered by the Blackcap solid-fuel rocket to a maximum velocity of Mach 2, and can intercept targets at ranges between 1,000 and 6,000 m (1,100 and 6,600 yd) and altitudes from 10 m (33 ft) to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The warhead weighs 14 kg (30.9 lb) and is a proximity fuzed HE-fragmenting typeSea Wolf is a naval guided missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics (now MBDA). It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a final line of defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf is being replaced by Sea Ceptor.SeSea Wolf is a naval guided missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics (now MBDA). It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a final line of defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf is being replaced by Sea Ceptor.or.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe earliest point-defence missile used by the Royal Navy was the Seacat, which had been rapidly developed from an earlier anti-tank missile design, the Malkara. As a weapon originally designed to operate against slow-moving ground vehicles, the missile had subsonic performance and was of limited capability against even early jet aircraft. It was used largely due to the ease which it could be adapted to the role simply by replacing the original wire guidance system with a radio command link, and that its small size allowed multi-round launchers to be fitted to ships in place of their Bofors 40 mm guns. It entered service in 1961, the first point-defence missile to do so.\nThe limited performance was understood to be a problem from the start and a requirement for a higher performance replacement was published in 1964. British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) won a 1967 development contract along with Vickers and Bristol Aerojet. Although only slightly longer and heavier than Seacat, Sea Wolf offered dramatically higher performance, with a top speed on the order of Mach 3, an effective range roughly double that of Seacat, and a fully automated guidance system that made engagements much simpler.\nTesting lasted from 1970 until 1977, with shipborne trials on a modified Leander class frigate, HMS Penelope, from 1976. Sea Wolf was tested with a vertical launch system early in the development period on a modified Loch class frigate, HMS Loch Fada but for obscure reasons work did not continue in this direction: the GWS-26 \"VL Seawolf (VLS)\" being a much later",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which company is succeeded by the one that manufactures ALARM? | [
{
"id": 132472,
"question": "What company makes ALARM?",
"answer": "British Aerospace",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 684936,
"question": "#1 >> follows",
"answer": "BAC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | BAC | [] | true | The company making ALARM follows which company? |
2hop__726717_610238 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "National Cycle Network",
"paragraph_text": "The National Cycle Network (NCN) is the national cycling route network of the United Kingdom, which was established to encourage cycling throughout Britain, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant. In 2017, the 16,575 mile network was used for over 786 million trips.The National Cycle Network (NCN) is the national cycling route network of the United Kingdom, which was established to encourage cycling throughout Britain, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant. In 2017, the 16,575 mile network was used for over 786 million trips.The National Cycle Network (NCN) was established to encourage cycling and walking throughout the United Kingdom, as well as for the purposes of bicycle touring. It was created by the charity Sustrans who were aided by a £42.5 million National Lottery grant. However Sustrans themselves only own around 2% of the paths on the network, the rest being made of existing public highways and rights of way, and permissive paths negotiated by Sustrans with private landowners. \nIn 2017, the Network was used for over 786 million cycling and walking trips, made by 4.4 million people. \nIn 2020, around a quarter of the NCN was scrapped on safety grounds, leaving 12,739 miles (20,501 km) of signed routes. These are made up of 5,220 miles (8,400 km) of traffic-free paths with the remaining 7,519 miles (12,101 km) on-road. It uses shared use paths, disused railways, minor roads, canal towpaths and traffic-calmed routes in towns and cities.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Bristol and Bath Railway Path (now part of National Route 4) is a 14-mile (23 km) walking and cycling path on a disused railway. It opened in 1984 and was the first part of what would later become the NCN.\nThe National Cycle Network began with a National Lottery Grant from the \nMillennium Commission",
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "National Cycle Route 57",
"paragraph_text": "ington to Oxford ===\nFarmington | Burford | Witney | Eynsham | Oxford\nNational Route 57 starts in the small village of Farmington, near Northleach. Here it meets NCR 48, which runs south to Northleach and Cirencester; the northern continuation to Bourton-on-the-Water and Stow-on-the-Wold is not yet open.\nNCR 57 continues on lightly trafficked lanes along the valley of the River Windrush to Burford and Witney; this section was formerly Regional Route 47.\nThe route is not yet open between Witney and Oxford. Possible route options include Eynsham and a new cycle path along the B4044 to Botley, or across the Thames via a new bridge or ferry at Bablock Hythe.\n\n\n=== Oxford to Thame ===\nOxford | Horspath | Littleworth | Wheatley | Waterperry | Worminghall | Shabbington | Thame\nThis section is largely on country lanes and is fully signposted.\nThis route flows from the centre of Oxford along the High Street and Cowley Road then away from traffic along paths through Marsh Park. Once out of the park there is a steep climb up Barracks Lane, which then follows a flat mainly traffic free route to Horspath passing BMW Mini site and Oxford City Athletics Club. \nThe route from Horspath through to Wheatley is along country roads so too is the section from Wheatley to just before Thame, which then becomes a cycle path into Thame before joining the old railway line Phoenix Trail.\n\n\n=== Thame to Princes Risborough ===\n\nNational Cycle Route 57 is part of the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network. When complete, it will run west to east from Farmington, Gloucestershire near Northleach to Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire.NNational Cycle Route 57 is part of the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network. When complete, it will run west to east from Farmington, Gloucestershire near Northleach to Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire.Several sections are not suitable for road bikes.\nLinks to:\n\nNational Cycle Route 5 at Oxford.\nNational Cycle Route 6 at Harpenden.\nNational Cycle Route 12 at Welwyn Garden City.\n\n\n== Route ==\n\n\n=== Farmington to Oxford ===\nFarmington | Burford | Witney | Eynsham | Oxford\nNational Route 57 starts in the small village of Farmington, near Northleach. Here it meets NCR 48, which runs south to Northleach and Cirencester; the northern continuation to Bourton-on-the-Water and Stow-on-the-Wold is not yet open.\nNCR 57 continues on lightly trafficked lanes along the valley of the River Windrush to Burford and Witney; this section was formerly Regional Route 47.\nThe route is not yet open between Witney and Oxford. Possible route options include Eynsham and a new cycle path along the B4044 to Botley, or across the Thames via a new bridge or ferry at Bablock Hythe.\n\n\n=== Oxford to Thame ===\nOxford | Horspath | Littleworth | Wheatley | Waterperry | Worminghall | Shabbington | Thame\nThis section is largely on country lanes and is fully signposted.\nThis route flows from the centre of Oxford along the High Street and Cowley Road then away from traffic along paths through Marsh Park. Once out of the park there is a steep climb up Barracks Lane, which then follows a flat mainly traffic free route to Horspath passing BMW Mini site and Oxford City Athletics Club.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Of what network is the National Cycle Route 57 a representative? | [
{
"id": 726717,
"question": "National Cycle Route 57 >> part of",
"answer": "National Cycle Network",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 610238,
"question": "#1 >> instance of",
"answer": "national cycling route network",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | national cycling route network | [
"National cycling route network"
] | true | What is the network which National Cycle Route 57 is part of an example of? |
3hop1__603558_87694_64412 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.\nIn 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nBefore 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, which was described as red and yellow.\nIn 1808, Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace red color with white, in order to distinguish them from the troops that had been incorporated into Napoleon's army.\nIn 1803, the Papal States started using a white merchant flag with the Papal coat of arms in the centre. This flag was made official on 7 June 1815. On 17 September 1825, it was replaced with a yellow and white flag which took its colours from the materials of the two keys (yellow for gold, white for silver). These colors were probably taken from the 1808 flag of the Palatine guard. This was the first bicolour used by the Papal States and the ancestor of the modern flag of Vatican City. The merchant flag alsoThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. at Catholic churches.\nThe flag is a vertical bicolour of yellow and white, with the white half charged with the coat of arms of Vatican City (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was modeled after the 1808 flag of the Papal States, a yellow-and-white bicolour defaced",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "St. Peter's Basilica",
"paragraph_text": " was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St.The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome.�pj����tro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the ageing Old St. Peter's Basilica, which",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro",
"paragraph_text": " behind glass tesserae that decorates the ceiling of the apse. The plain exterior is of brick, with sandstone quoins and window framing. The paving of the church floor is now lower than the modern street level of Piazza San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, which lies before its façade.SSan Pietro in Ciel d'Oro (Italian for \"Saint Peter in Golden Sky\") is a Roman Catholic basilica (and a former cathedral) of the Augustinians in Pavia, Italy, in the Lombardy region. Its name refers to the mosaics of gold leaf behind glass tesserae that decorates the ceiling of the apse. The plain exterior is of brick, with sandstone quoins and window framing. The paving of the church floor is now lower than the modern street level of Piazza San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, which lies before its façade. ==\nA church of Saint Peter is recorded in Pavia in 604; it was renovated by Liutprand, King of the Lombards (who is buried here) between 720 and 725. The present Romanesque church was consecrated by Pope Innocent II in 1132.\nThe church is theSan Pietro in Ciel d'Oro (Italian for \"Saint Peter in Golden Sky\") is a Roman Catholic basilica (and a former cathedral) of the Augustinians in Pavia, Italy, in the Lombardy region. Its name refers to the mosaics of gold leaf behind glass tesserae that decorates the ceiling of the apse. The plain exterior is of brick, with sandstone quoins and window framing. The paving of the church floor is now lower than the modern street level of Piazza San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, which lies before its façade.San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro (Italian for \"Saint Peter in Golden Sky\") is a Catholic basilica (and a former cathedral) of the Augustinians in Pavia, Italy, in the Lombardy region. Its name refers to the mosaics of gold leaf behind glass tesserae that decorate the ceiling of the apse. The plain exterior is of brick, with sandstone quoins and window framing. The paving of the church floor is now lower than the modern street level of Piazza San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, which lies before its façade.\n\n\n== History ==\nA church of Saint Peter is recorded in Pavia in 604; it was renovated by Liutprand, King of the Lombards (who is buried here) between 720 and 725. The present Romanesque church was consecrated by Pope Innocent II in 1132.\nThe church is the resting place for the remains of Augustine of Hippo, who died in 430 in his home diocese of Hippo Regius, and was buried in the cathedral there, during the time of the Vandals. According to Bede's True Martyrology, the body was removed to Cagliari, Sardinia by the Catholic bishops whom the Arian Vandal Huneric had expelled from north Africa. Bede tells that the remains were subsequently redeemed out of the hands of the Saracens there—by Peter, bishop of Pavia and uncle of the Lombard king Liutprand—and deposited in the church of Saint Peter about the year 720.\n\nAn important scriptorium was also built in the monastery in the 9th century and a school, led by the Irish monk Dungal, where, as ordered in the Olonese capitular, issued by the emperor Lothair in the royal palace of Corteolona in 825, they had to go to study students from Milan, Brescia, Bergamo, Lodi, Novara, Vercelli, Tortona, Asti, Acqui, Genoa and Como. From the 10th century the monastery enjoyed numerous privileges, including that of being subject only to the authority of the pope. Since the 11th century, the monks of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, who at least since 974 owned vineyards and winepresses near San Damiano al Colle, extended the vine culture in Oltrepò Pavese, producing wines that, thanks to the Po and Ticino, were then transported to Pavia, where the part not absorbed by the consumption of the monks was destined for trade.\nIn 987 Majolus of Cluny stayed in the monastery and reformed its monastic customs, while, not many years later, in 1004, the monastery hosted the emperor Henry II. In 1022 an important council was held in the basilica (in which decisions were made on the celibacy of religious) presided over by Pope Benedict VIII. During the council (in which the emperor Henry II also participated) an exposition of the relics of Saint Augustine was also held, at the end of which an arm of the saint, thanks to a substantial donation to the monastery, was granted to ��thelnoth archbishop of Canterbury, while other small fragments of Augustine's bones ended up with other prelates present at the council, such as those of Montalcino, Piacenza, Ragusa, Valencia and Lisbon. The importance of the monastery is highlighted by the imperial donations received (between the 9th and 12th centuries) from the emperors Hugh, Otto I, Otto II, Otto III, Henry II, Conrad II, Henry III, Henry V and Frederick Barbarossa.\n\nIn January 1327 Pope John XXII issued the papal bull Veneranda Santorum Patrum, in which he appointed the Augustinians guardians of the tomb of Augustine (the Arca di Sant'Agostino), which was remade in 1362 and elaborately carved with bas-reliefs of scenes from Augustine's life, created by Giovanni di Balduccio. In 1365 Galeazzo II Visconti moved his residence from Milan to Pavia, in the nearby Visconteo castle, where he installed his court, the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the basilica, named after the same saint as San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro, gain independence as a separate nation? | [
{
"id": 603558,
"question": "San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro >> named after",
"answer": "Peter",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 87694,
"question": "st. #1 ’s basilica the head of the catholic religion is located in",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 64412,
"question": "when did #2 become its own country",
"answer": "11 February 1929",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | 11 February 1929 | [] | true | When did the location of the basilica that is named after the same saint as the San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro become its own country? |
4hop2__161602_474028_88460_20985 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'étatMyanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several w",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament, including Australia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thailand were selected as host of the competition at an AFC Competition Committee's meeting in Tokyo in August 2018.\n\n\n== Qualification ==\n\nTheOf the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-re",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "A Don",
"paragraph_text": " Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"ChildrenA Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province. given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona B",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Is the most populated city, being the capital, within the natural border separating the tournament-hosting country and A Don's home country? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 474028,
"question": "A Don >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 20985,
"question": "Is the capital city the holder of the largest amount of the population in #3 ?",
"answer": "largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | largest city is Yangon (Rangoon) | [
"Yangon",
"Rangoon"
] | true | Does the capital city hold the majority of the population in the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where A Don is from? |
3hop1__857_846_7877 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles,The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long dropThere are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and itDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | How many major sports facilities are situated in the place where the Yongle Emperor, to whom the edict was addressed, made significant improvements? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 7877,
"question": "How many major sports centers are located in #2 ?",
"answer": "two",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | two | [] | true | Who many major sports centers are located in where the Yongle Emporer did great who the edict was addressed to? |
2hop__191125_781346 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Citizen (South Sudan)",
"paragraph_text": " in the deep south of theThe Citizen is a newspaper based in Juba, the national capital of South Sudan and the state capital of Central Equatoria.The Citizen is a newspaper based in Juba, the national capital of South Sudan and the state capital of Central Equatoria.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Badigeru Swamp",
"paragraph_text": "The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.\nBadigeru is a valley swamp with papyrus along the river and typical grasses for the region in the floodplain. \nAlthough not protected, it is relatively undisturbed by human activity.\nThe swamps are fed by the Kinyeti River and others that drain the northern slopes of the Imatong Mountains.\nThese swamps, running in a SSW-NNE direction for 100 kilometres (62 mi), are discontinuous. They may be as wide as 25 kilometres (16 mi) in the rainy season, but average 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in width.\nThe swamps in turn may drain westward into the Bahr el Jebel section of the White Nile or eastward into the Veveno River.\nLt. Colonel P. Molloy visited the swamp in the dry season between 23 and 25 February 1950, possibly the first European to reach the area. Starting from Mongalla, he traveled eastward across dry, open grassland for between 20 miles (32 km) and 25 miles (40 km) to a pool on the Khor Son, the name given to the Kinyeti River near the swamp. According to the local people, the Badigeru was the only reliable source of water between Mongalla and Lafon. Molloy's observations of wildlife tended to confirm that the water, which he found drinkable, remained year round. When Molloy visited, the Khor Son was between 150 and 200 yards wide, winding across a flat plain between a series of shallow depressions. In the winter, the 10 miles (16 km) wide plain would be flooded to form the swamp.\nMolloy described rich wildlife in and around the swamp. He observed large numbers of pelicans, open-billed storks, wood ibis, sacred ibis, marabout, saddleback and hammerheaded storks, fishing eagles, lily-trotters, grey herons, spurwing geese, comb duck, whistling teal and common teal. In the burnt grassland around the swamp he saw zebra, hartebeest, tiang, reedbuck and Mongalla Gazelle. He also saw giraffe, ostrich, elephant and lion.\n\n\n== References ==The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.\nBadigeru is a valley swamp with papyrus along the river and typical grasses for the region in the floodplain. \nAlthough not protected, it is relatively undisturbed by human activity.\nThe swamps are fed by the Kinyeti River and others that drain the northern slopes of the Imatong Mountains.\nThese swamps, running in a SSW-NNE direction for 100 kilometres (62 mi), are discontinuous. They may be as wide as 25 kilometres (16 mi) in the rainy season, but average 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in width.\nThe swamps in turn may drain westward into the Bahr el Jebel section of the White Nile or eastward into the Veveno River.\nLt. Colonel P. Molloy visited the swamp in the dry season between 23 and 25 February 1950, possibly the first European to reach the area. Starting from Mongalla, he traveled eastward across dry, open grassland for between 20 miles (32 km) and 25 miles (40 km) to a pool on the Khor Son, the name given to the Kinyeti River near the swamp. According to the local people, the Badigeru was the only reliable source of water between Mongalla and Lafon. Molloy's observations of wildlife tended to confirm that the water, which he found drinkable, remained year round. When Molloy visited, the Khor Son was between 150 and 200 yards wide, winding across a flat plain between a series of shallow depressions. In the winter, the 10 miles (16 km) wide plain would be flooded to form the swamp.\nMolloy described rich wildlife in and around the swamp. He observed large numbers of pelicans, open-billed storks, wood ibis, sacred ibis, marabout, saddleback and hammerheaded storks, fishing eagles, lily-trotters, grey herons, spurwing geese, comb duck, whistling teal and common teal. In the burnt grassland around the swamp he saw zebra, hartebeest, tiang, reedbuck and Mongalla Gazelle. He also saw giraffe, ostrich, elephant and lion.\n\n\n== References ==The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.\nBadigeru is a valley swamp with papyrus along the river and typical grasses for the region in the floodplain. \nAlthough not protected, it is relatively undisturbed by human activity.\nThe swamps are fed by the Kinyeti River and others that drain the northern slopes of the Imatong Mountains.\nThese swamps, running in a SSW-NNE direction for 100 kilometres (62 mi), are discontinuous. They may be as wide as 25 kilometres (16 mi) in the rainy season, but average 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in width.\nThe swamps in turn may drain westward into the Bahr el Jebel section of the White Nile or eastward into the Veveno River.\nLt. Colonel P. Molloy visited the swamp in the dry season between 23 and 25 February 1950, possibly the first European to reach the area. Starting from Mongalla, he traveled eastward across dry, open grassland for between 20 miles (32 km) and 25 miles (40 km) to a pool on the Khor Son, the name given to the Kinyeti River near the swamp. According to the local people, the Badigeru was the only reliable source of water between Mongalla and Lafon. Molloy's observations of wildlife tended to confirm that the water, which he found drinkable, remained year round. When Molloy visited, the Khor Son was between 150 and 200 yards wide, winding across a flat plain between a series of shallow depressions. In the winter, the 10 miles (16 km) wide plain would be flooded to form the swamp.\nMolloy described rich wildlife in and around the swamp. He observed large numbers of pelicans, open-billed storks, wood ibis, sacred ibis, marabout, saddleback and hammerheaded storks, fishing eagles, lily-trotters, grey herons, spurwing geese, comb duck, whistling teal and common teal. In the burnt grassland around the swamp he saw zebra, hartebeest, tiang, reedbuck and Mongalla Gazelle. He also saw giraffe, ostrich, elephant and lion.\n\n\n== References ==The Badigeru swamp (or Bedigeru, Badingilu) swamp lies in South Sudan, in the Central Equatoria and Eastern Equatoria states between Terekeka and Lafon.\nBadigeru is a valley swamp with papyrus along the river and typical grasses for the region in the floodplain. \nAlthough not protected, it is relatively undisturbed by human activity.\nThe swamps are fed by the Kinyeti River and others that drain the northern slopes of the Imatong Mountains.\nThese swamps, running in a SSW-NNE direction for 100 kilometres (62 mi), are discontinuous. They may be as wide as 25 kilometres (16 mi) in the rainy season, but average 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in width.\nThe swamps in turn may drain westward into the Bahr el Jebel section of the White Nile or eastward into the Veveno River.\nLt. Colonel P. Molloy visited the swamp in the dry season between 23 and 25 February 195",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which geographic location borders the administrative region where Juba is situated? | [
{
"id": 191125,
"question": "Juba >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Central Equatoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 781346,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Eastern Equatoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Eastern Equatoria | [] | true | What place does the administrative territorial entity that Juba is located in share a border with? |
4hop1__61681_53706_795904_580996 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "History of Sacramento, California",
"paragraph_text": " inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early 19th Century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay which constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. When John Sutter arrived in the provincial colonial capital of Monterey in 1839, governor Juan Bautista Alvarado provided Sutter with the land he asked for, and Sutter established New Helvetia, whichThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.\nSacramento wasThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! '' into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy; the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation, and the California genocide.\nThe effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the California Road; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote; the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September 1850, California became a state.\nAt the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of \"staking claims\" was developed. Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. Although mining caused environmental harm, more sophisticated",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Rio Linda High School",
"paragraph_text": " opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8% are African-American and 4% are Middle Eastern/Indian. 93% of the students receive a reduced price/free lunch and 19% of the student body (386 students) are English language learners. The 3 most commonly spoken languages spoken by English language learners at this school are Spanish (205 students), Hmong (86 students), and Russian (40 students) Punjabi/Urdu/Arabic (40 students)\n\n\n== Rankings ==\nIn 2012, after evaluating 21,776 high schools across the nation, U.S. News & World Report awarded Rio Linda High School a silver medal. Rio Linda was ranked 1,605th nationally (top 8%) and 337th within the state of California (top 14%)\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nJay Mosley, member of the Missouri House of Representatives\nDarren Oliver, Major League Baseball player\nSheila Hudson, Olympian, USATF Board of Director & Hall of Fame, Cal State Los Angeles Golden Eagles Sr Athletics Executive, USTFCCCA Hall of Fame\nJustin E. H. Smith, philosopher and author\nKay Ivey, the current governor of Alabama, taught at the school in the 1960s\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteRio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, California, United States. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one of the primary high schoolsRio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District. School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one of the primary high schools for students in the Rio Linda/Elverta and Natomas Communities. It offers a wide range of extracurricular activities and academic opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "List of states and territories of the United States by population",
"paragraph_text": ", the least populous state, has a population less than any of theAs of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined.TheAs of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined. April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one-sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state, contains more people than the 21 least populous states combined, and Wyoming, the least populous state, has a population less than any of theAs of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population. The 25 least populous states contain less than one - sixth of the total population. California, the most populous state",
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}
] | Which city is adjacent to the city in America's most populated state where someone worked during the gold rush period? | [
{
"id": 61681,
"question": "which is the biggest state in usa by population",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 53706,
"question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush",
"answer": "Samuel Brannan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 795904,
"question": "#2 >> work location",
"answer": "Sacramento",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 580996,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Rio Linda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Rio Linda | [] | true | What city shares a border with the city where a person went to work during the gold rush in the biggest state in the USA by population? |
2hop__67660_67223 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)",
"paragraph_text": " its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that \"We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be. The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience\", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"kept the show alive\" when it began. They also did not want a large casting call.\nBays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of season 8 having never watched How I Met Your Mother before. She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer.\n\n\n== Character history ==\nThe Mother was born on September 19, 1984.\nThe Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her—a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love.\nIn \"Wait for It\", the short story of how they met involving her yellow umbrella is revealed. In \"No Tomorrow\", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death. She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating. TheAn alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. In the video, future Ted is heard saying, ``... When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mum every morning, I ca n't help but be amazed how easy it all really was... '', indirectly stating that The Mother is alive. The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin as he lived a successful married life with Tracy Mosby.Tracy Mosby (née McConnell) (\"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met his children's mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in season 8 finale \"Something New\" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. She is played by Cristin Milioti.\nThe story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in \"Last Forever\", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.\n\n\n== Casting ==\nDuring its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that \"We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be. The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience\", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"kept the show alive\" when it began. They also did not want a large casting call.\nBays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock andAn alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. In the video, future Ted is heard saying, ``... When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mum every morning, I ca n't help but be amazed how easy it all really was... '', indirectly stating that The Mother is alive. The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin as he lived a successful married life with Tracy Mosby.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "How I Met Your Mother",
"paragraph_text": "How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.ky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in \"Last Forever\", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.\n\n\n== Casting ==\nDuring its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that \"We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be. The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience\", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"kept the show alive\" when it began. They also did not want a large casting call.\nBays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of season 8 having never watched How I Met Your Mother before. She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer.\n\n\n== Character history ==\nThe Mother was born on September 19, 1984.\nThe Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her—a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love.\nIn \"Wait for It\", the short story of how they met involving her yellow umbrella is revealed. In \"No Tomorrow\", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death. She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating. The two women run into Mitch (Adam Paul), her old orchestra instructor; The Mother offers to give Mitch her cello for his work at a school and they head to her apartment. Mitch tries to seduce her with a move called \"The Naked Man\", but she turns him down. Nevertheless, Mitch encourages her to pursue her dreams. The Mother expresses her desire to end poverty by taking up economics in college.\nOn his first day of teaching as Professor Mosby, as seen in the season 4 finale \"The Leap\", he is seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother. But in the first episode of season 5, \"Definitions\", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom—Economics instead of Architecture. At the same time in \"How Your Mother Met Me\", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with as her roommate. They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in the wrong room and runs off. She heads back to the room after seeing Ted scramble to his actual classroom.\nLater, in \"Girls Versus Suits\", Ted dates Cindy, not knowing that her roommate is his future wife. Throughout the episode, Ted notes that Cindy had spent most of their first date talking jealously about her roommate. When in Cindy and the Mother's apartment he picks up many of The Mother's belongings, attempting to show how compatible he and Cindy are (thinking the items are Cindy's) and glimpses the mother's foot as she disappears into her room after taking a shower. Ted finds out at this time that she plays bass guitar in a band. Ted forgets to take the yellow umbrella with him when he goes out and Future Ted mentions, \"And your mom ... well, she got her yellow umbrella back.\" In \"How Your Mother Met Me\", it is revealed that after Ted left the apartment, the Mother had discovered the umbrella and, upon going to question Cindy, finds her crying. As the Mother tried to console her, Cindy kissed her, revealing that her jealousy towards her roommate was actually a crush. While this incident made Cindy realize that she was a lesbian, it also made the Mother decide to get back into dating, as the kiss was her first in a long time.\nSome time after this, a man named Darren (Andrew Rannells) approaches the Mother and is welcomed into her band, Superfreakonomics.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the spouse of the individual narrating the series, How I Met Your Mother? | [
{
"id": 67660,
"question": "who is the narrator on how i met your mother",
"answer": "Ted Mosby",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 67223,
"question": "who married #1 in how i met your mother",
"answer": "Tracy Mosby",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Tracy Mosby | [] | true | Who married the narrator of How I Met Your Mother? |
3hop1__131783_131926_87157 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Minikahda Club",
"paragraph_text": ".S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.\n\n\n== History ==\nMinikahda was founded in 1898 on the hills above the west shore of Bde Maka Ska, the land, purchased from the Oglala Lakota Chief \"Swift Dog\" who owned the land in which the golf course stands to this day. At the time, there were no roads around the lake, so the property extended to the lake, with a boathouse for sailing and other aquatic activities. The name Minikahda comes from the Lakota, a combination of two native words meaning 'by the side of the water'. The club logo is a Native American shield, similar to the original artifact which is framed in the clubhouse, the shield belonging to Swift Dog himself.\n\n\n== Golf ==\nMinikahda owns an 18-hole golf course extending to the south and west of the clubhouse with holes on either side of Excelsior Boulevard that is open to members at any time during the golf season. Included on the grounds are a putting green, a chipping green, a driving range, and an iron range as practice areas.\nAmateur Chick Evans won the U.S. Open at Minikahda in 1916 and then won the U.S. Amateur later that year at Merion Golf Club to become the first to win both titles in the same season.\nIn addition to the 1916 U.S. Open, the club has also held the U.S. Amateur in 1927, the Walker Cup in 1957, the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1988, the Curtis Cup in 1998, and the U.S. Senior Amateur in 2017.\n\n\n== Golf course architects ==\nWillie Watson (1899): Watson, who was the club's first professional, laid out the original nineThe Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957. expansive views of the surrounding area and the Minneapolis skyline.\nEstablished in 1898 by a group of wealthy Minneapolis families, the club’s golf course, named one of the top 100 classic golf courses in the United States by Golfweek, has been host to several golf tournaments including the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.\n\n\n== History ==\nMinikahda was founded in 1898 on the hills above the west shore of Bde Maka Ska, the land, purchased from the Oglala Lakota Chief \"Swift Dog\" who owned the land in which the golf course stands to this day. At the time, there were no roads around the lake, so the property extended to the lake, with a boathouse for sailing and other aquatic activities. The name Minikahda comes from the Lakota, a combination of two native words meaning 'by the side of the water'. The club logo is a Native American shield, similar to the original artifact which is framed in the clubhouse, the shield belonging to Swift Dog himself.\n\n\n== Golf ==\nMinikahda owns an 18-hole golf course extending to the south and west of the clubhouse with holes on either side of Excelsior Boulevard that is open to members at any time during the golf season. Included on the grounds are a putting green, a chipping green, a driving range, and an iron range as practice areas.\nAmateur Chick Evans won the U.S. Open at Minikahda in 1916 and then won the U.S. Amateur later that year at Merion Golf Club to become the first to win both titles in the same season.\nIn addition to the 1916 U.S. Open, the club has also held the U.S. Amateur in 1927, the Walker Cup in 1957, the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1988, the Curtis Cup in 1998, and the U.S. Senior Amateur in 2017.\n\n\n== Golf course architects ==\nWillie Watson (1899): Watson, who was the club's first professional, laid out the original nine-hole course.\nRobert Foulis (1907): Foulis, a Scottish professional golfer and course designer, oversaw the expansion of the course to 18 holes.\nTom Bendelow (1908): Bendelow, made some minor modifications to the course shortly after its completion.\nDonald Ross (1920): Ross redesigned the course after the club hosted the 1916 U.S. Open.\nGeoffrey Cornish and Craig Schreiner (1988–1992): Course lengthening and forward tee additions.\nRon Prichard (2001): Prichard, known for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": " for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory, due to the river's strategic importance to the Confederate war effort. Because of the substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that replaced steamboats, the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees, locks and dams, often built in combination. A major focus of this work has been to prevent the lower Mississippi from shifting into the channel of the Atchafalaya River and bypassing New Orleans.\nSince the 20th century, the Mississippi River has also experienced major pollution and environmental problems — most notably elevated nutrient and chemical levels from agricultural runoff, the primary contributor to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.\n\n\n== Name and significance ==\nThe word Mississippi itself comes from Misi zipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe (The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.The Mississippi River is the primary river and second-longest river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it flows generally south for 2,340 miles (3,766 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian mountains. The main stem is entirely within the United States; the total drainage basin is 1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km2), of which only about one percent is in Canada. The Mississippi ranks as the thirteenthThe Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city'sMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.\nThe city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guth",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which direction does the water body situated near the city of The Minikahda Club flow? | [
{
"id": 131783,
"question": "Which state is The Minikahda Club located?",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 87157,
"question": "what is the direction of flow of #2",
"answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards | [
"Minnesota",
"MN"
] | true | What is the direction of flow of the body of water by the city where The Minikahda Club is located? |
3hop1__786067_228453_10972 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Sazerac",
"paragraph_text": " American cocktail, with origins in antebellum New Orleans, although drink historian David Wondrich is among those who dispute this, and American instances of published usage of the word cocktail to describe a mixture of spirits, bitters, and sugar can be traced to the dawn of the 19th century.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nThe defining feature of the Sazerac is its method of preparation, which commonly involves two chilled old-fashioned glasses. The first glass is swirled with a wash of absinthe for its flavor and strong scent. The second glass is used to combine the remaining ingredients, which are stirred with ice, then strained into the first glass. Various anisettes such as pastis, Pernod, or Herbsaint are common substitutes when absinthe is unavailable. In New Orleans, Herbsaint is most commonly used due to the absence of absinthe in the U.S. market from 1912 until 2007.\n\n\n== History ==\nAround 1850, Sewell T. Taylor sold his New Orleans bar, the Merchants Exchange Coffee House, to become an importer of spirits, and he began to import a brand of cognac named Sazerac-de-Forge et Fils. Meanwhile, Aaron Bird assumed proprietorship of the Merchants Exchange and changed its name to Sazerac Coffee House. On October 2, 2019, the Sazerac House opened to the public as a museum and immersive experience that shares the history of the New Orleans cocktail culture, including the Sazerac.\nLegend has it that Bird began serving the \"Sazerac Cocktail\", made with Sazerac cognac imported by Taylor, and allegedly with bitters being made by the local apothecary, Antoine Amedie Peychaud. The Sazerac Coffee House subsequently changed hands several times, until around 1870 Thomas Handy became its proprietor. It is around this time that the primary ingredient changed from cognac to rye whiskey, due to the phylloxera epidemic in Europe that devastated the vineyards of France.\nAt some point before his death in 1889, Handy recorded the recipe for the cocktail, which made its first printed appearance in William T. \"Cocktail Bill\" Boothby's The World's Drinks and How to Mix Them (1908), although his recipe calls for Selner Bitters, not Peychaud's. After absinthe was banned in the United States in 1912, it was replaced by various anise-flavored liqueurs, most notably the locally produced Herbsaint, which first appeared in 1934.\nBy the early 20th century, simple cocktails like the Sazerac had become rare, which eventually rekindled their popularity.\nThe creation of the Sazerac has also been credited to Antoine Amédée Peychaud, a Creole apothecary who emigrated to New Orleans from the West Indies and set up shop in the French Quarter in the early 19th century. He was known to dispense a proprietary mix of aromatic bitters from an old family recipe. According to popular myth, he served his drink in the large end of an egg cup that was called a coquetier in French, and the Americanized mispronunciation resulted in the name cocktail. This belief was debunked when people discovered that the term \"cocktail\" as a type of drink first appeared in print at least as far back as 1803—and was defined in print in 1806 as, \"a mixture of spirits of any kind, water, sugar and bitters, vulgarly called a bittered sling\".\n\n\n=== Official cocktail of New Orleans ===\nIn March 2008, Louisiana stateThe Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination ofThe Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of\ncognac or rye whiskey, absinthe, Peychaud's Bitters, and sugar, although bourbon whiskey is sometimes substituted for the rye and Herbsaint is sometimes substituted for the absinthe. Some claim it is the oldest known American cocktail, with origins in antebellum New Orleans, although drink historian David Wondrich is among those who dispute this, and American instances of published usage of the word cocktail to describe a mixture of spirits, bitters, and sugar can be traced to the dawn of the 19th century.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nThe defining feature of the Sazerac",
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},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": " It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black ****\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, an African American. The ASA Style Guide says that the 'b'Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005., regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"Black race\" as socially constructed. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified \"black\", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. In the United Kingdom, \"black\" was historically equivalent with \"person of color\", a general term for non-European peoples. While the term \"person of color\" is commonly used and accepted in the United States, the near-sounding term",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "McAfee's Benchmark",
"paragraph_text": " a decanter-style bottle with a black label.\nThe Benchmark brand name was purchased by the Sazerac Company in 1989 from Seagram's. It is still owned by Sazerac Brands of New Orleans which also now owns the Buffalo Trace distillery in Frankfort, where Benchmark is now made. The origin of the McAfee name is that James, George and Robert McAfee (along with James McCoun, Samuel Adams and Hancock Taylor) were, in 1773, the first early American explorers to survey land at the site where Buffalo Trace standsMcAfee's Benchmark is a brand of Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at its Buffalo Trace Distillery in Frankfort, Kentucky. The full name of the brand that appears on the bottle is \"McAfee's Benchmark Old No. 8 Brand\" (with \"Benchmark\" rendered in much larger letters than the rest). The primary brand expression is an 80 U.S. proof (40% alcohol by volume) bourbon aged \"at least 36 months\" according to its label.Three whiskey-based liqueurs of 70 U.S. proof (35% alcohol by volume) also carry the brand name – one with apple flavoring, one with peach flavoring and the third with brown sugar flavoring.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Benchmark brand was created by Seagram's in the late 1960s to be a luxury or premium-level bourbon. At that time, the whiskey was not called McAfee's, but simply Benchmark Bourbon; and the name McAfee came much later. Originally Benchmark was sold in a decanter-style bottle with a black label.\nThe Benchmark brand name was purchased by the Sazerac Company in 1989 from Seagram's. It is still owned by Sazerac Brands of New Orleans which also now owns the Buffalo Trace distillery in Frankfort, where Benchmark is now made. The origin of",
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}
] | When was the first African American Mayor chosen for the city that hosts the head office of the company that produces McAfee's benchmark? | [
{
"id": 786067,
"question": "McAfee's Benchmark >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Sazerac Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 228453,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 10972,
"question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?",
"answer": "1970s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | 1970s | [] | true | When did the city that headquarters the manufacturer of McAfee's benchmark elect its first black Mayor? |
4hop1__696484_49925_13759_736921 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus",
"paragraph_text": "ception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated poleDespite Martin Luther's harsh polemics against his Roman Catholic opponents over issues concerning Mary and the saints, theologians appear to agree that Luther adhered to the Marian decrees of the ecumenical councils and dogmas of the church. He held fast to the belief that Mary was a perpetual virgin and the Theotokos or Mother of God. Special attention is given to the assertion that Luther, some three-hundred years before the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX in 1854, was a firm adherent of that view. Others maintain that Luther in later years changed his position on the Immaculate Conception, which, at that time was undefined in the Church, maintaining however the sinlessness of Mary throughout her life. For Luther, early in his life, the Assumption of Mary was an understood fact, although he later stated that the Bible did not say anything about it and stopped celebrating its feast. Important to him was the belief that Mary and the saints do live on after death. \"Throughout his career as a priest-professor-reformer, Luther preached, taught, and argued about the veneration of Mary with a verbosity that ranged from childlike piety to sophisticated polemics. His views are intimately linked to his Christocentric theology and its consequences for liturgy and piety.\" Luther, while revering Mary, came to criticize the \"Papists\" for blurring the line, between high admiration of the grace of God wherever it is seen in a human being, and religious service given to another creature. He considered the Roman Catholic practice of celebrating saints' days and making intercessory requests addressed especially to Mary and other departed saints to be idolatry. His final thoughts on Marian devotion and veneration are preserved in a sermon preached at Wittenberg only a month before his death: Protestants hold less exalted views of Mary's role, often based on a perceived lack of biblical support for many traditional Christian dogmas pertaining to her.\nThe multiple forms of Marian devotions include various prayers and hymns, the celebration of several Marian feast days in liturgy, the veneration of images and relics, the construction of churches dedicated to her and pilgrimages to Marian shrines. Many Marian apparitions and miracles attributed to her intercession have been reported by believers over the centuries. She has been a traditional subject in arts, notably in Byzantine art, medieval art and Renaissance art.\n\n\n== Names and titles ==\n\nMary's name in the original manuscripts of the New Testament was based on her original Aramaic name מרי��, transliterated as Maryam or Mariam. The English name Mary comes from the Greek ��αρία, a shortened form of the name ��αριάμ. Both ��αρί",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bernhard Lichtenberg",
"paragraph_text": " the buzz of rumormongers and sensation seekers, Bernhard Lichtenberg fought almost alone.\"\nHe was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1996 and recognized as Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem in 2004.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nLichtenberg was born in Ohlau (now Oława), Prussian Silesia, near Breslau (now Wrocław), the second of five children. He studied theology in Innsbruck, Austria-Hungary. He also studied in Breslau and was ordained in 1899.\n\n\n== Ministry ==\n\n\n===The Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg (3 December 1875 – 5 November 1943) was a German Roman Catholic priest and theologian, who died while in the custody of forces of the Third Reich. He has been awarded the title of Righteous among the Nations and has been beatified by the Catholic Church.BThe Blessed Bernhard Lichtenberg (3 December 1875 – 5 November 1943) was a German Roman Catholic priest and theologian, who died while in the custody of forces of the Third Reich. He has been awarded the title of Righteous among the Nations and has been beatified by the Catholic Church. speaking out, after the rise of Adolf Hitler and during the Holocaust, against the persecution and deportation of the Jews. After serving a jail sentence, he died in the custody of the Gestapo on his way to Dachau concentration camp. Raul Hilberg wrote: \"Thus a solitary figure had made his singular gesture. In the buzz of rumormongers and sensation seekers, Bernhard Lichtenberg fought almost alone.\"\nHe was beatified by the Catholic Church in 199",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Reformation",
"paragraph_text": "though there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant ReformationAlthough there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no foundation in the Bible. The Protestant Reformation, however, would come to incorporate doctrinal changes such as a complete reliance on Scripture as a source of proper belief (sola scriptura) and the belief that faith in Jesus, and not good works, is the only way to obtain God's pardon for sin (sola fide). The core motivation behind these changes was theological, though many other factors played a part, including the rise of nationalism, the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy, the perceived corruption of the Roman Curia, the impact of humanism, and the new learning of the Renaissance that questioned much traditional thought.Although there had been significant earlier attempts to reform the Catholic Church before Luther -- such as those of Jan Hus, Peter Waldo, and John Wycliffe -- Martin Luther is widely acknowledged to have started the Reformation with the Ninety - five Theses. Luther began by criticising the sale of indulgences, insisting that the Pope had no authority over purgatory and that the Catholic doctrine of the merits of the saints had no",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Wittenberg (district)",
"paragraph_text": " Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in Saxony. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27 municipalities from the former district Anhalt-Zerbst were added to the district of Wittenberg.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe area of the district is 1,933.3 km2 (746.5 sq mi). The main rivers in the district are the Elbe and its tributary, the Schwarze Elster.\n\n\n== Coat of arms ==\nThe coat of arms shows two swordsWittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.. The capital and largest city is Wittenberg, famous for its association with the influential religious reformer Martin Luther and containing a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1994, the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27Wittenberg is a district () in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau, the districts of Potsdam-Mittelmark, Teltow-Fläming and Elbe-Elster in Brandenburg, and the district of Nordsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.Wittenberg is a district (German: Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west clockwise) Anhalt-Bitterfeld, the district-free city of Dessau-Roßlau",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which location can one find the district where the individual who sought to amend and discuss Bernhard Lichtenberg's faith delivered a sermon on Mariology prior to his death? | [
{
"id": 696484,
"question": "Bernhard Lichtenberg >> religion",
"answer": "Catholic Church",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 49925,
"question": "who wanted #1 to reform and address",
"answer": "Martin Luther",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 13759,
"question": "Where did #2 preach a sermon on Marian devotion a month before his death?",
"answer": "Wittenberg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 736921,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Saxony-Anhalt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Saxony-Anhalt | [] | true | Where is the district that the person who wanted to reform and address Bernhard Lichtenberg's religion preached a sermon on Marian devotion before his death located? |
4hop2__71753_73205_70784_79935 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Arabian Peninsula",
"paragraph_text": " and Eastern Arabia. Hejaz and Najd make up most of Saudi Arabia. Southern Arabia consists of Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jizan, Asir) and Oman (Dhofar). Eastern Arabia consists of the entire coastal strip of the Persian Gulf.TheBefore the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Hejaz (Tihamah), Najd (Al - Yamama), Southern Arabia (Hadhramaut) and Eastern Arabia. Hejaz and Najd make up most of Saudi Arabia. Southern Arabia consists of Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jizan, Asir) and Oman (Dhofar). Eastern Arabia consists of the entire coastal strip of the Persian Gulf. a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate. At 3,237,500 km2 (1,250,000 sq mi), comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.\nGeographically, the Arabian Peninsula includes Bahrain, KuwaitBefore the modern era, it was divided into four distinct regions: Hejaz (Tihamah), Najd (Al - Yamama), Southern Arabia (Hadhramaut) and Eastern Arabia. Hejaz and Najd make up most of Saudi Arabia. Southern Arabia consists of Yemen and some parts of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jizan, Asir) and Oman (Dhofar). Eastern Arabia consists of the entire coastal strip of the Persian Gulf.The Arabian Peninsula (; Arabic: شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة, shibhu l-jazīra l-��arabiyya, \"Arabian Peninsula\" or جَزِيرَةُ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "History of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, also known as Ibn Saud in Western countries. Abdulaziz united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy governed along Islamist lines. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called \"the Land of the Two Holy Mosques\", in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.\nPetroleum was discovered on 3 March 1938 and followed up by several other finds in the Eastern Province. Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves.\nFrom For much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israel (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others. who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��is",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.\n\n\n== Boundaries ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This section of the border with Yemen was demarcated in 1934 and is one of the few clearly defined borders with a neighbouring country. The Saudi border running southeast from Najran, however, is undetermined. The undemarcated border became an issue in the early 1990s, when oil was discovered in the area and Saudi Arabia objected to the commercial exploration by foreign companies on behalf of Yemen. In the summer of 1992, representatives of Saudi Arabia and Yemen met in Geneva to discuss settlement of the border issue.\nTo the north, Saudi Arabia is bounded by Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. The northern boundary extends almost 1,400 km (870 mi) from the Gulf ofThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area north of Israel and the water body separating East Africa from the Arabian Peninsula formed? | [
{
"id": 71753,
"question": "what region of the world is israel located",
"answer": "Middle East,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 73205,
"question": "which body of water lies between east africa and arabian peninsula",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 79935,
"question": "when was #3 created",
"answer": "1930",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 1930 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of where Israel is located and the body of water between East Africa and the Arabian peninsula created? |
2hop__475070_532404 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Frances Tupper",
"paragraph_text": " May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.FFrances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.== Legacy ==\nTwo of their sons, Charles Hibbert Tupper and William Johnston Tupper, also had careers in politics. Lady Tupper was born in Amherst, NovaFrances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.Frances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nTwo of their sons, Charles Hibbert Tupper and William Johnston Tupper, also had careers in politics. Lady Tupper was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia.\n\n\n== See also ==\nSpouse of the prime minister of Canada\n\n\n== References ==Frances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nTwo of their sons, Charles Hibbert Tupper and William Johnston Tupper, also had careers in politics. Lady Tupper was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia.\n\n\n== See also ==\nSpouse of the prime minister of Canada\n\n\n== References ==Frances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Arthur Rupert Dickey",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.ArthurBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.Arthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.\nHe died by drowning at Amherst, Nova Scotia on July 3, 1900.\n\n\n== Electoral record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArthur Rupert Dickey – Parliament of Canada biographyArthur Rupert Dickey, (August 18, 1854 – July 3, 1900) was a Canadian politician.\nBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what location was Frances Tupper's partner born? | [
{
"id": 475070,
"question": "Frances Tupper >> spouse",
"answer": "Charles Tupper",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 532404,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Amherst",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Amherst | [] | true | Where was the spouse of Frances Tupper born? |
3hop2__326964_573858_7713 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "China Sunergy",
"paragraph_text": "China Sunergy () is a Chinese solar cell products manufacturer based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The company specializes in creating solar cells from silicon wafers. China Sunergy has a major customer base in China, but also sells their products internationally. On May 17 2007 the company began producing both monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In 2012 the annual production of the cells were 1 GW and PV modules 1.2 GW. After listing as a NASDAQ Company in 2007, in 2013 May 23 China Sunergy opened its first international manufacturing base in Turkey. Turkey factory has the biggest solar cell and module capacity among both in Turkey and Europe. CSUN currently is the only Chinese solar cells and module manufacturer with a manufacturing base in Europe. Located in Tuzla Free Trade Zone, Istanbul, CSUN (Turkey) is in progress of building its second factory in Turkey within 2015. CSUN has been recognized as a Tier 1 module supplier by the Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BENF) PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014. PV Module Maker Tiering System on 23 March 2014.\nTheir distribution network for solar panels covers over 79 distributors and wholesalers, across over 26 different countries.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nChina Sunergy website\nChina Sunergy (Greece) website\nReutersChina Sunergy CSUN (Chinese: 中电����) is a Chinese solar cell products manufacturer based in Nanjing, Jiangsu. The company specializes in creating solar cells from silicon wafers. China Sunergy has a major customer base in China, but also sells their products internationally. On May 17, 2007, the company began producing both monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In 2012 the annual production of the cells were 1 GW and PV modules 1.2 GW. After listing as a NASDAQ Company in 2007, in 2013 May 23 China Sunergy opened its first international manufacturing base in Turkey. Turkey factory has the biggest solar cell and module capacity among both in Turkey and Europe. CSUN currently is the",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that theArchaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": " Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT661A bus chassis in 1979.\nThe factory was renamed to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory (江��省��州汽车修造��) in 1981, and the first JT663 coach was built and delivered to the Eighth Team of Jiangsu Passenger Transportation Co., Ltd. in February 1981. The JT663 was the first dedicated bus chassis built and the factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Factory (江��省��州客车制造��) in 1985. The company continued to develop buses, launching the JS6879 coach in 1989 in cooperation with the Xi'an Highway Institute, as the first domestic sleeper coach. The factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Main Factory (江��省��州客车制造总��) in 1990.\nThe JS6971 luxury inter-city tourism coach was launched in 1993, which marked the first use of a domestically-produced rear axle. The Jiangsu Asiastar Bus (Group) Co., Ltd. (江����星客车集��有限公司) was founded in August 1996, followed by the Yangzhou Asiastar Motor Coach Co., Ltd. (��州��星客车��份有限公司 in September 1998, with the approval of the provincial government; Yangzhou Asiastar was then listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in August 1999.\nAsiYaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands. in a number of international markets. It is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.\n\n\n== History ==\nYangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd., aka Asiastar, traces its origins to May 1949, when the Shanghai Military Control Commission assumed control of the former sapper squadron of the Ku",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | For what duration was the capital city of Yaxing Coach also the location of China Sunergy's headquarters? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 573858,
"question": "China Sunergy >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | about 400 years | [] | true | How long had China Sunergy's headquarters location been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location? |
2hop__491195_265959 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Stig Olin",
"paragraph_text": " and Helena Kallenbäck.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Acting ===\nOlin had a successful acting career, appearing in lead roles in a number of early Ingmar Bergman films, including Torment/Frenzy (Swedish: Hets) (1944; Bergman's script debut), Crisis (1946), Kvinna utan ansikte (Woman Without a Face) (1947; script by Bergman), Port of Call (1948), Eva (1948; script by Bergman), Prison (1949), To Joy (1950), Summer Interlude (1951) and Divorced (1951; script by Bergman).\n\nSuccessful film roles also included a love struck student in the Sickan Carlsson film Klasskamrater (1952), Ernst in his own popular children's film Rasmus, Pontus och Toker (1956) and the scrubby old Potato-Algot in Jim och piraterna Blom (1987), directed by Hans Alfredson (from Hasse & Tage).\n\n\n=== Film and play director ===\nOlin then moved on to directing for both film and stage in the 1950s, 60s and 70s, focusing on comedies and musicals (including the original Swedish staging of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music in 1978). In 1970 he becameHe was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin. He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck.StHe was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin. He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck.. \nHe was the father of actress Lena Olin and singer Mats Olin (1947–2023). He was married to film actresses Britta Holmberg and Helena Kallenbäck.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Acting ===\nOlin had a successful acting career, appearing in lead roles in a number of early Ingmar Bergman films, including Torment/Frenzy (Swedish: Hets) (1944; Bergman's script debut), Crisis (1946), Kvinna utan ansikte (Woman Without a Face) (1947; script by Bergman), Port of Call (1948), Eva (1948; script by Bergman), Prison (1949), To Joy (1950), Summer Interlude (1951) and Divorced (1951; script by Bergman).\n\nSuccessful film roles also included a",
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},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jag tror på sommaren",
"paragraph_text": " the song in 1967 at Hylands hörna.\n\n\n== References ==\"Jag tror på sommaren\" is a summertime song written by Stig Olin and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording became a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\nThe song was written for the final broadcasting of the 1966 Frukostklubben autumn season, on 21 December 1966 on request by producer BertilJag tror på sommaren is a summertime song written by Stig Olin, and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording beame a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\"JJag tror på sommaren is a summertime song written by Stig Olin, and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording beame a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.The song was written for the final broadcasting of the 1966 Frukostklubben autumn season, on 21 December 1966 on request by producer Bertil Perrolf and performed by Stig Olin together with his wife Britta Holmberg and the children Mats and Lena. Mats performed the song in 1967 at Hylands hörna.\n\n\n== References ==\"Jag tror på sommaren\" is a summertime song written by Stig Olin and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording became a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\nThe song was written for the final broadcasting of the 1966 Frukostklubben autumn season, on 21 December 1966 on request by producer BertilJag tror på sommaren is a summertime song written by Stig Olin, and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording beame a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\"Jag tror på sommaren\" is a summertime song written by Stig Olin and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording became a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\nThe song was written for the final broadcasting of the 1966 Frukostklubben autumn season, on 21 December 1966 on request by producer Bertil Perrolf and performed by Stig Olin together with his wife Britta Holmberg and the children Mats and Lena. Mats performed the song in 1967 at Hylands hörna.\n\n\n== References ==\"Jag tror på sommaren\" is a summertime song written by Stig Olin and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording became a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\nThe song was written for the final broadcasting of the 1966 Frukostklubben autumn season, on 21 December 1966 on request by producer Bertil Perrolf and performed by Stig Olin together with his wife Britta Holmberg and the children Mats and Lena. Mats performed the song in 1967 at Hylands hörna.\n\n\n== References ==\"Jag tror på sommaren\" is a summertime song written by Stig Olin and recorded by Mats Olin and released as a single in 1967. The Mats Olin recording became a Svensktoppen hit for 12 weeks between 21 May-6 August 1967.\nThe song was written for the final broadcasting of the 1966 Frukostklubben autumn season, on 21 December 1966 on request by producer Bertil Perrolf and performed by Stig Olin together with his wife Britta Holmberg and the children Mats and Lena. Mats performed the song in 1967 at Hylands hörna.\n\n\n== References ==\"Jag tr",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the maternal parent of the individual who wrote Jag tror på sommaren? | [
{
"id": 491195,
"question": "Jag tror på sommaren >> composer",
"answer": "Stig Olin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 265959,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Lena Olin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Lena Olin | [] | true | Who is the mother of the composer of Jag tror på sommaren? |
4hop3__39836_29339_508306_70744 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry",
"paragraph_text": " campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC); Clemson is in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).\nThe annual football game is considered the most important sporting event in the state. It was played first in 1896 and every year from 1909 to 2019, one of the longest uninterrupted rivalries in college football history. Until 1959, the game was played during the State Fair in Columbia, on \"Big Thursday\", a state holiday. Since 1960, the two schools have alternated hosting on Saturdays. In 2014, the annual football game was officially dubbed the Palmetto Bowl. As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 meeting of the two football teams was canceled, ending an unbroken streak of 111 years of games. The game has never been contested anywhere besides Columbia or Clemson. Clemson leads the series 73–43–4, and won the most recent game with a score of 16–7.\n\n\n== Origin ==\n\n\n=== Background ===\n\nUnlike most major college rivalries, the Carolina–Clemson rivalry did not start innocently or because of competitive collegiate sports. The deep-seated bitterness began between the two schools long before Clemson received its charter and became a college. The two institutions were founded eighty-eight years apart: South Carolina College in 1801 and Clemson Agricultural College in 1889.\nSouth Carolina College was founded in 1801 to unite and promote harmony between the Lowcountry and the Backcountry. It closed during the Civil War when its students aided the Southern cause, but the closure gave politicians an opportunity to reorganize it to their liking. The Radical Republicans in charge of state government during Reconstruction opened the school to blacks and women while appropriating generous funds to the university, which caused the white citizens of the state to withdraw their support for the university and view it as a symbol of the worst aspects of Reconstruction.\nThe Democrats returned to power in 1877 following their electoral victory over the Radical Republicans and promptly proceeded to close the university. Sentiment in the state favored opening an agriculture college, so the university was reorganized as the South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. In 1882, the college was renamed to its antebellum name, South Carolina College, which infuriated the farmers who felt that the politicians had frustrated the will of the people by de-emphasizing agriculture education, even though the school still retained the department of agriculture. Clemson, from its beginning, was an all-white male military school. The school remained this way until 1955 when it changed to \"civilian\" status for students and became a coeducational institution.\n\n\n=== Agitation from the farmers ===\nBenjamin Tillman emerged in the 1880s as a leader of the agrarian movement in South Carolina and demanded that the South Carolina College take agricultural education more seriously by expanding the agriculture department. In 1885, Tillman was convinced of the superiority of a separate agricultural college by Stephen D. Lee, then the president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi, and subsequently Tillman would accept nothing less than a separate agriculture college in South Carolina. He offered the following reasons why he felt that it was necessary to have a separate agriculture college outside the confines of Columbia:\n\nMississippi A&M featured practical training without unnecessary studying of the liberal arts.\nMississippi A&M provided poor students work-scholarships so that they could attend the college.\nThere were too few students who studied agriculture at the college to justify an agriculture college there.\nThe college was a place \"for the sons of lawyers and of the well-to-do\" who sneered at the agriculture students as if they were hayseeds.\nThe students at the college lived a life of luxury as compared with the sweat and toil endured by students at Mississippi A&M.\nThere was not enough farm land near the college to allow for proper agriculture study.\nThe Conservatives, who held the reins of power in South Carolina from 1877 to 1890, replied to each point made by Tillman:\n\nThe most advanced agriculture educational research was being conducted at the University of California and at Cornell University, both of which combined agriculture colleges with liberal arts colleges. Additionally, a separate agriculture college would be more expensive and result in an inferior product.\nThe work scholarships attracted the lowest quality of students who only cared about obtaining a college degree, not about an education in agriculture or mechanical studies. Furthermore, there was little advantage of attending a college only to pitch manure and grub stumps.\nThe constant attacks by Tillman on the college caused many to doubt whether state support for the institution would continue. As a result, the enrollment numbers were not impressive, although the numbers of students taking agriculture and mechanical classes increased from 34 in 1887 to 83 in 1889.\nOver half of the students at the college were the sons of farmers, though most did not study agriculture as Tillman wished. John McLaren McBryde, President of the college, correctly predicted that most students of an agriculture college would not go back to work the farm after graduation.\nWhile some students at the college were the sons of the well-to-do, the majority were poor.\nThe college farm added 100 acres (0.4 km2) in 1887, just one mile from campus.\n\n\n=== Clemson's will ===\nTillman was bolstered in 1886 when Thomas Green Clemson agreed to will his Fort Hill estate for the establishment of an agriculture college. Yet, Tillman did not want to wait until Clemson died to start a separate agriculture college so he pushed the General Assembly to use the Morrill funds and Hatch funds for that purpose. Instead, the legislature gave those funds to the South Carolina College in 1887 which would use them along with a greater state appropriation to reorganize itself as the second University of South Carolina and additionally, to expand the agriculture department greatly. After this victory for South Carolina, in January 1888 Tillman wrote a letter to the News and Courier that he was retiring from public life.\n\nItCollege comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": "Richmond is not home to any major league professional sports teams, but since 2013, the Washington Redskins of the National Football League have held their summer training camp in the city. There are also several minor league sports in the city, including the Richmond Kickers of the USL Professional Division (third tier of American soccer) and the Richmond Flying Squirrels of the Class AA Eastern League of Minor League Baseball (an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants). The Kickers began playing in Richmond in 1993, and currently play at City Stadium. The Squirrels opened their first season at The Diamond on April 15, 2010. From 1966 through 2008, the city was home to the Richmond Braves, a AAA affiliate of the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, until the franchise relocated to Georgia. 150 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)",
"paragraph_text": " originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by Dr. James McElhenny, who was the pastor of HopewFort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory. 7th Vice President of the United States.\nClemson University was established on the Fort Hill plantation site in 1889, and in accordance with the terms of its inheritance, has maintained the house and its immediate parcel as a museum and library — all that remains of what originally was an approximately 1,000 acre plantation estate.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe house was originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2004 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": " strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the onlyIn March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which university claimed more national championship victories, the one associated with Fort Hill or the one located in the state where Edwards triumphed in the primary, excluding the state where the Richmond Braves relocated? | [
{
"id": 39836,
"question": "Where did the Richmond Braves move to?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 29339,
"question": "Besides #1 , what other state primary did Edwards win?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 508306,
"question": "Fort Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Clemson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 70744,
"question": "who has more national championships #3 or #2",
"answer": "University of South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | University of South Carolina | [
"SC"
] | true | Who won more national championships between the university featuring Fort Hill and the university of the state where Edwards won the primary besides the state where the Richmond Braves moved? |
4hop1__88342_75218_128008_92225 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"paragraph_text": " also the last season for the August trade waivers.\n\n\n== Schedule ==\nAs has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotation, the schedule format for interleague games was different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team played two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one home, one away; total of six games).\nUnder the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, the regular season was extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off-days for all teams. All teams were scheduled to play Opening Day, March 29—the earliest domestic start of a regular season in league history until the 2019 season. The Sunday night game before the All-Star Game was replaced by a single, nationally televised game on the Thursday after the All-Star Game (which for 2018, was played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs), before all other teams returned from break the next day.\nThe Minnesota Twins and the Cleveland Indians played a two-game series at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on April 17 and 18, while the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego Padres played a three-game series at Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico, from May 4 to 6. The 2018 MLB Little League Classic at BB&T Ballpark in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, coinciding with the Little League World Series, returned to the schedule. It was played between the Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Mets on August 19.\n\n\n== Rule changes ==\nBeginning in the 2018 season, MLB implemented new pace of play rules, which include limiting the number of mound visits for each team to six per nine innings. Teams will receive an additional visit for every extra inning played.\n\n\n== Standings ==\n\n\n== Postseason ==\n\n\n=== Bracket ===\n\n\n== Managerial changes ==\n\n\n=== General managers ===\n\n\n==== Offseason ====\n\n\n==== In-season ====\n\n\n=== Field managers ===\n\n\n==== Offseason ====\n\n\n==== In–season ====\n\n\n== League leaders ==\n\n\n=== American League ===\n\n\n=== National League ===\n\n\n== Milestones ==\n\n\n=== Batters ===\nMatt Davidson (CWS):\nBecame the fourth player in the live-ball era (since 1920) to hit three home runs on opening day joining Dmitri Young (2005), Tuffy Rhodes (1994), and George Bell (1988). Davidson accomplished this feat on March 29 against the Kansas City Royals.\nGeorge Springer (HOU):\nWith his Opening Day lead-off home run on March 29 against the Texas Rangers, Springer became the first player in Major League history to lead off back-to-back seasons with a home run.\nJoe Panik (SF):\nBecame the first player in Major League history to hit a home run in consecutive 1–0 victories by his team on March 30.\nBecame the first player in Major League history to score his team's first three runs in a season off solo home runs. This was during the team's home opener on April 3.\nAdrián Beltré (TEX):\nWith a second-inning double on April 5 against the Oakland Athletics, Beltré became the all-time leader in hits by a player from Latin America. Beltré, from the Dominican Republic, passed Rod Carew of Panama with the 3,054th hit in his career.\nWith a fourth-inning double on June 13 against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Beltré became the all-time leader in hits by a non-U.S. native, passing Ichiro Suzuki.\nRecorded his 1,500th run scored in the sixth inning on July 30 against the Arizona Diamondbacks. He became the 73rd player to reach this mark.\nJoe Mauer (MIN):\nRecorded his 2,000th career hit with a single in the seventh inning against the Chicago White Sox on April 12. He became the 287th player to reach this mark.\nMiguel Cabrera (DET):\nRecorded his 550th career double in the seventh inning against the Baltimore Orioles on April 19. He became the 30th player to reach this mark.\nRyan Braun (MIL):\nRecorded his 1,000th career RBI with a pinch-hit home run in the sixth inning against the Miami Marlins on April 19. He became the 285th player to reach this mark.\nRajai Davis (CLE):\nRecorded his 400th career stolen base by stealing second base in the third inning against the Toronto Blue Jays on May 3. He became the 75th player to reach this mark.\nAlbert Pujols (LAA):\nRecorded his 3,000th career hit with a single in the fifth inning against the Seattle Mariners on May 4. He became the 32nd player to reach this mark. Pujols also becomes the fourth player in Major League history to collect 3,000 hits and hit 600 home runs in his career, joining Hank Aaron, Willie Mays and Alex Rodriguez.\nGleyber Torres (NYY):\nOn May 25 Torres became the youngest player in American League history with home runs in four consecutive games. He homered against the Texas Rangers in back-to-back games as well as the Los Angeles Angels.\nShin-Soo Choo (TEX):\nBecame the all-time leader in Major League history for most home runs hit by a player from Asia by hitting his 176th career home run in the 10th inning against the Kansas City Royals on May 26. He passed Hideki Matsui for the record.\nWil Myers (SD):\nBecame the first player in Major League history to hit three home runs in a game that was lost by double-digits. The team lost 20–5 against the Arizona Diamondbacks on July 7.\nLourdes Gurriel Jr. (TOR):\nBecame the first rookie of the live-ball era to have 11 consecutive multi-hit games, by collecting three hits against the Chicago White Sox on July 29. The last Major League rookie to accomplish such a feat was Shoeless Joe Jackson in 1911.\nMike Trout (LAA):\nWith his 30th home run of the season on July 31 against the Tampa Bay Rays, Trout became the second player in Major League history (the other being Willie Mays) to hit 30 home runs and steal 20 bases in three seasons before their age-26 campaigns.\nJosé Reyes (NYM):\nBecame the second player in Major League history to give up multiple home runs as a pitcher in one game (on July 31) and hit multiple home runs the following game (on August 1). Both games were against the Washington Nationals. The only other player to accomplish this was Cap Anson from the Chicago White Stockings who gave up two home runs on August 5, 1884, and hit three home runs the following game on August 6. Both games were against the Cleveland Blues.\nRonald Acuña Jr./Ozzie Albies (ATL):\nWith his 20th home run on the season by Acuna on August 22 against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Acuna and Albies became the first teammates under the age of 22 in Major League history to hit 20+ home runs in the same season.\nChristian Yelich (MIL):\nWith a 6-for-6 day and hitting for the cycle on August 29 against the Cincinnati Reds, Yelich became the fourth player in Major League history to record six hits while also hitting for the cycle. He is the first to accomplish the feat since IanThe 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The Postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.TheThe 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The Postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship.\nThe 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of the Washington Nationals. The American League won, 8–6, in 10 innings.\nThis was also the last season for the August trade waivers.\n\n\n== Schedule ==\nAs has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 interleague games. The primary interleague match-ups were AL East vs NL East, AL Central vs NL Central, and AL West vs NL West. Since \"natural rivalry\" matchups were part of the three-year divisional rotation, the schedule format for interleague games was different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team played two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": " into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees include Mariano Rivera and Derek Jeter, who received the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of Fame members. According to Forbes, the Yankees are the second-highest valued sports franchise in the world, after the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, with an estimated value in 2023 of approximately $7.1 billion. The team has garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated fanbaseThe New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in .",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 19 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.–loss record in each league automatically clinched its league's pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring the rare tie necessitating a pennant playoff. Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series (ALDS and NLDS) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the inaugural day of the league, encompassing the team with the maximum number of matches, subsequent to the event in which the MLB MVP award is presented? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 75218,
"question": "who played in the most #1 games",
"answer": "the New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 128008,
"question": "Which is the league of #2 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 92225,
"question": "when is opening day of #3 season",
"answer": "March 29, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | March 29, 2018 | [] | true | When is the opening day of the league, that includes the team that played in the most games. of the event that the MLB MVP award is handed out after? |
3hop1__820301_720914_27537 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I GesThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Crucifixion (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " which the saints emerge, intensify the sadness and horror of the crucifixion. Against this, the moonlit highlights draw attention toThe Crucifixion is a life sized painting by the Venetian artist Titian, completed in 1558 and presently hanging in the sanctuary of the church of San Domenico, Ancona. Jesus Christ is shown crucified, with Saint Mary and Saint John standing either side of the cross in the \"Stabat Mater\" tradition. The kneeling figure is of Saint Dominic. The canvas was completed during Titian's fifth decade of painting, and is one of the works marking a shift toward his extensive exploration of tragedy and human suffering.TheThe Crucifixion is a life sized painting by the Venetian artist Titian, completed in 1558 and presently hanging in the sanctuary of the church of San Domenico, Ancona. Jesus Christ is shown crucified, with Saint Mary and Saint John standing either side of the cross in the \"Stabat Mater\" tradition. The kneeling figure is of Saint Dominic. The canvas was completed during Titian's fifth decade of painting, and is one of the works marking a shift toward his extensive exploration of tragedy and human suffering. ==\nThe mirderoa heads of the standing figures are presented in an upturned triangle arrangement near the base of the cross. All the figures appear in the foreground, which is on a single plane, lending a sense of immediacy to the picture. The composition is dominated by a colouristic conception of painting in which the picture's predominant dark blue, brown and red hues are pierced through with near-white flashes of light. The cloying regions of dark hues, such as the area of browns and near-black comprising the Golgothan terrain from which the saints emerge, intensify the sadness and horror of the crucifixion. Against this, the moonlit highlights draw attention toThe Crucifixion is a life sized painting by the Venetian artist Titian, completed in 1558 and presently hanging in the sanctuary of the church of San Domenico, Ancona. Jesus Christ is shown crucified, with Saint Mary and Saint John standing either side of the cross in the \"Stabat Mater\" tradition. The kneeling figure is of Saint Dominic. The canvas was completed during Titian's fifth decade of painting, and is one of the works marking a shift toward his extensive exploration of tragedy and human suffering.The Crucifixion is a life sized painting by the Venetian artist Titian, completed in 1558 and presently hanging in the sanctuary of the church of San Domenico, Ancona. Jesus Christ is shown crucified, with Saint Mary and Saint John standing either side of the cross in the Stabat Mater tradition. The kneeling figure is of Saint Dominic. The canvas was completed during Titian's fifth decade of painting, and is one of the works marking a shift toward his extensive exploration of tragedy and human suffering.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nThe mirderoa heads of the standing figures are presented in an upturned triangle arrangement near the base of the cross. All the figures appear in the foreground, which is on a single plane, lending a sense of immediacy to the picture. The composition is dominated by a colouristic conception of painting in which the picture's predominant dark blue, brown and red hues are pierced through with near-white flashes of light. The cloying regions of dark hues, such as the area of browns and near-black comprising the Golgothan terrain from which the saints emerge, intensify the sadness and horror of the crucifixion. Against this, the moonlit highlights draw attention to significant dramatic and emotional elements of the spectacle. In the late years of his life, in such works as the Ecce Homo (National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin), and the Saint Margaret and the Dragon (Muse",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with local robber bands, which were often used to intimidate his rivals and attack carriages. These connections added to his influence and power in the region.\n\n\n== Role in the Western Schism ==\n\n\n=== Council of Pisa ===\nCardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without consulting them in advance. In company with those cardinals who had been following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, they convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became a leading figure. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409. Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision, however, so that there were now three simultaneous claimants to the papacy.\n\n\n=== Election to the papacy ===\nAlexander suddenly died while he was with Cardinal Baldassare Cossa at Bologna on theFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII. At the instigation of Sigismund, King of the Romans, Pope John called the Council of Constance of 1413, which deposed John XXIII and Benedict XIII, accepted Gregory XII's resignation, and elected Pope Martin V to replace them, thus ending the schism. John XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with local robber bands, which were often used to intimidate his rivals and attack carriages. These connections added to his influence and power in the region.\n\n\n== Role in the Western Schism ==\n\n\n=== Council of Pisa ===\nCardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without consulting them in advance. In company with those cardinals who had been following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, they convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became a leading figure. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409. Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision, however, so that there were now three simultaneous claimants to the papacy.\n\n\n=== Election to the papacy ===\nAlexander suddenly died while he was with Cardinal Baldassare Cossa at Bologna on the night of 3–4 May 1410. On 25 May 1410, Cossa was consecrated a pope taking the name John XXIII. He had become an ordained bishop only one day earlier. John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice and the Patriarchate of Aquileia; and in the beginning and in 1411-1413 by Hungary and Poland. However, the Av",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What prompted Roncalli to depart from the location where the maker of Crucifixion passed away? | [
{
"id": 820301,
"question": "Crucifixion >> creator",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome",
"Roma"
] | true | Why did Roncalli leave the place where Crucifixion's creator died? |
3hop1__83970_685536_47686 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": " later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.\nThe bus bays on the south side of the building were decommissioned and the area converted into a Green P paid parking lot. The waiting area and newsstand in the Elizabeth Street Terminal were closed in 2010 with only the bus platform on the north of the building remaining open to the public for bus arrivals. Due to limited space, buses would park overnight along Edward Street and Chestnut Street.\nA renovation of the main terminal building occurred in 1990, tripled the main terminal's floor space to 2,500 square metres, creating more seating forThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal. \n\nAfter purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Enwave",
"paragraph_text": " 1969 to provide heating services for the Toronto General Hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, New Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, and later provided these services to other medical institutions, the University of Toronto and the provincial government. It was renamed as the Toronto District Heating Corporation in 1980, at which time it acquired the steam utility that was also being operated by Toronto Hydro.\nThe corporation was privatized in 1998, with shares going to the province, the municipal government of Toronto, the University of Toronto and the four founding hospitals. The corporation was renamed as Enwave in 1999. Over time, only two shareholders remained: the city with 43%, and the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System with 57%.\nOn October 2, 2012, Toronto City Council voted to sell its 43% stake in Enwave. This followed an announcement that Brookfield Asset Management would acquire the entire company through a partnership.\n\n\n== Notable projects ==\n\n\n=== Deep Lake Water Cooling System ===\n\nEnwave's Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC) is a system that harnesses the cold temperature at the bottom of Lake Ontario to cool hospitals, data centers, educational campuses, government buildings, commercial and residential buildings. Some customers include Toronto-Dominion Centre, Royal Bank Plaza, RBC Centre, Metro Toronto Convention Centre and Scotiabank Arena.\nIt utilizes three large pipes have been run 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) into Lake Ontario, to a depth of 83 metres. The water at that depth is a constant 4 °C, its temperature protected by a layer of water above it, called a thermocline. The water is piped to a filtration plant and then to a heat-transfer station on the lakeside. Here the chill is “Enwave Energy Corporation, a private corporation owned by Brookfield Asset Management and formerly jointly owned by the City of Toronto government and the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System, is one of the largest district energy systems in North America. Enwave was formed after the restructuring of the Toronto District Heating Corporation.EnEnwave Energy Corporation, a private corporation owned by Brookfield Asset Management and formerly jointly owned by the City of Toronto government and the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System, is one of the largest district energy systems in North America. Enwave was formed after the restructuring of the Toronto District Heating Corporation. district system with 17 heating plants, 21 chilled water plants and ice on coil storage tanks. It serves over 700 customers including commercial properties, developers, municipalities, health care, educational centres and residential units.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe company was originally established as the Toronto Hospitals Steam Corporation in 1969 to provide heating services for the Toronto General Hospital, the Hospital for Sick Children, New Mount Sinai Hospital and Women's College Hospital, and later provided these services to other medical institutions, the University of Toronto and the provincial government. It was renamed as the Toronto District Heating Corporation in 1980, at which time it acquired the steam utility that was also being operated by Toronto Hydro.\nThe corporation was privatized in 1998, with shares going to the province, the municipal government of Toronto, the University of Toronto and the four founding hospitals. The corporation was renamed as Enwave in 1999. Over time, only two shareholders remained: the city with 43%, and the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System with 57%.\nOn October 2, 2012, Toronto City Council voted to sell its 43% stake in Enwave. This followed an announcement that Brookfield Asset Management would acquire the entire company through a partnership.\n\n\n== Notable projects ==\n\n\n=== Deep Lake Water Cooling System ===\n\nEnwave's Deep Lake Water Cooling (DLWC) is a system that harnesses the cold temperature at the bottom of Lake Ontario to cool hospitals, data centers, educational campuses, government buildings, commercial and residential buildings. Some customers include Toronto-Dominion Centre, Royal Bank Plaza, RBC Centre, Metro",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Las Vegas)",
"paragraph_text": " as The Joint. It had also hosted a weekly pool party event known as Rehab.\nPlans for a Hard Rock hotel were announced in 1991, and the resort opened on March 10, 1995, as the world's first rock and roll-themed hotel. The Hard Rock Hotel began as a joint venture between Hard Rock Cafe founder Peter Morton and Harveys. Following disagreements, Morton bought out Harveys' share of the resort in 1997. A new 11-story hotel tower was added in 1999, as part of a $100 million renovation.\nThe Hard Rock was featured in various media, including television shows and music videos. It was also a frequent source of controversy and legal problems. In the 2000s, drugs and sexual conduct were common issues at the resort's nightclubs and pool area. The Hard Rock was also criticized for its advertising. The resort catered to a younger demographic, and it began using risqué advertising to compete against the Palms resort, which opened in 2001. However, such advertising led to a complaint from the Nevada Gaming Control Board in 2004. The board alleged that the Hard Rock ads promoted casino cheating and drug use, and a battle ensued over the resort's free-speech rights. The complaint was eventually settled.\nIn 2004, Morton announced plans toThe Hard Rock Hotel and Casino is a resort near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, owned by Brookfield Asset Management and operated by Warner Gaming. The property is located on 16.7 acres (6.8 ha) on the corner of Harmon and Paradise Road.The Hard Rock Hotel and Casino is a resort near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, owned by Brookfield Asset Management and operated by Warner Gaming. The property is located on 16.7 acres (6.8 ha) on the corner of Harmon and Paradise Road.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | From where do Greyhound buses depart in the city where the proprietor of the Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel has their headquarters? | [
{
"id": 83970,
"question": "who owns the hard rock hotel in las vegas",
"answer": "Brookfield Asset Management",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 685536,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Toronto Coach Terminal | [] | true | Where do greyhound buses leave from in where the headquarters is located of who owns the hard rock hotel in las vegas? |
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