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3hop1__295815_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Toyopet Master",
"paragraph_text": "1954. One seemingly retrograde step was moving from the RH's four-speed to a three-speed transmission (although the new unit was fully synchronized), but Japanese buyers at the time associated the need for many gears with weak engines.\nThe Master sedan was partially replaced with the smaller Toyota Corona in 1957, at a new Toyota Japanese dealership called Toyopet Store. The RR Master's body panels were used in cut-down form as an economical and fast way to design this new ST10 Corona. Production facilities for the Master were transferred to the Crown. In 1995, Toyota revisited the approach of a commercial grade Crown sedan, designed primarily for taxi usage, and introduced the Toyota Comfort which is still in production, with prolific usage across Asia.\n\n\n== Masterline (RR) ==\nThe Toyopet Master range also included the Masterline RR16 pickup, the Masterline RR17 van and the later Masterline RR19 double pickup (with two rows of seats). They were introduced in November 1955, originally only as a single-cab pickup and a van. These replaced the SG commercial models and were the first car-based trucks to enter production in Japan. The chassis were built at Toyota's main Aichi plant and then transported overland to Kanto Auto Works in Yokosuka, where the bodies were assembled mainly by hand. The double pickup was added in August 1956, around which time the engine was upgraded to provide 55 PS (40 kW). By 1958, power had been increased again, reaching 58 PS (43 kW). The double cab pickup was built by Central Motor Co., who kept building this bodystyle of succeeding generations until December 1970. The double-cab could seat six people with a maximum cargo load of 500 kg (1,100 lb), but was subject to the lower tax applied to commercial vehicles, making it popular with construction firms and the like.\nThe Masterline commercial models were carried over after the discontinuation of the Master. In 1957 the light van was lightly changed and was now fully glazed, rather than having pressed steel in the rear side windows. The first generation Masterlines were built until replaced by a new Crown-based generation in March 1959, for the Toyota Store sales channel. A total of 19,400 Master and Masterlines (excluding the Central Motors-built RR19s) were built by Kanto Auto Works until production ended in 1959. A smaller Coronaline version was also developed to be sold through Toyopet dealers.\n\n\n=== Master Ribbon (RS) ===\nToyota managed to introduce yet another variant on the Master/Crown theme with the \"Master Ribbon\" which appeared in export catalogues in the first half of 1956. This was a series of light commercials using the body panels of the Masterline but with the more modern Crown chassis underneath, including that car's independent front suspension. A two-door pickup or chassis-cab (RS16), and a two-door Light Van (RS17) were offered, also available with left-hand-drive. The engine was the same 48 PS (35 kW) R unit seen in other Master models. Later in 1956 a two-seat pickup version also entered lists, with the RS19 chassis code.\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Masterline (RS20/30) ==\n\nWhen the Crown passenger car was facelifted, the Masterline nameplate was moved to the commercial versions of the Crown. This meant independent front suspension coupled with the Crown's bodywork; Toyota now only used solid front axles on trucks intended to carry more than 1.5 tonnes (3,300 lb). The new version was available as a single-cab pickup (RS26) or as a two-door light van (RS26V), both fitted with the 1.5-liter R engine.\nIn 1960 regulations were changed and passenger cars and light commercials were allowed to be longer and wider, with maximum engine size increased from 1,500 to 2,000 cc. Toyota responded accordingly with the new RS30 Crown and RS36 Masterlines, which arrived in June 1960. This was also when Kanto Auto Works relinquished production of the Masterline. The pickup was called the RS36 while the light van received the RS36V chassis codeThe Toyopet Master range also included the Masterline RR16 pickup, the Masterline RR17 van and the Masterline RR19 double pickup (with two rows of seats). They were introduced in November 1955, originally only as a single-cab pickup and a van. The double pickup was added in August 1956, around which time the engine was upgraded to provide . These replaced the SG commercial models and were the first car-based trucks to enter production in Japan. The Masterline commercial models were carried over after the discontinuation of the Master. They were built until replaced by a new Crown-based Masterline in March 1959, for the Toyota Store sales channel. A smaller Coronaline version was also developed to be sold through Toyopet dealers.TheThe Toyopet Master range also included the Masterline RR16 pickup, the Masterline RR17 van and the Masterline RR19 double pickup (with two rows of seats). They were introduced in November 1955, originally only as a single-cab pickup and a van. The double pickup was added in August 1956, around which time the engine was upgraded to provide . These replaced the SG commercial models and were the first car-based trucks to enter production in Japan. The Masterline commercial models were carried over after the discontinuation of the Master. They were built until replaced by a new Crown-based Masterline in March 1959, for the Toyota Store sales channel. A smaller Coronaline version was also developed to be sold through Toyopet dealers. ==\nIn 1955 Toyota wasn't sure if its independent front coil suspension and the rear-hinged back doors installed on the Crown wouldn't be too radical for the taxi market to accept. When sales of the Crown proved satisfying, the Master sedan was discontinued in November 1956. The Master's body was built by Toyota's Kanto Auto Works subcontractor, as with the preceding RHK Super model. Along with the perceived need for a more robust and conservative model for professional users, Toyota was also interested in providing Kanto Auto Works with assembly work to make up for Toyota moving the production of the Crown entirely in-house. Project Manager Tozo Yabuta quickly developed the Master using a large number of the RHK's parts, with the first prototype running in March 1954. One seemingly retrograde step was moving from the RH's four-speed to a three-speed transmission (although the new unit was fully synchronized), but Japanese buyers at the time associated the need for many gears with weak engines.\nThe Master",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attackSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, withA facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the body style of the RX 350 altered by the luxury division of the company producing Toyopet Master? | [
{
"id": 295815,
"question": "Toyopet Master >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | [] | true | When did the luxury division of the company that manufactures Toyopet Master change the body style of the RX 350? |
3hop1__159737_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the riverThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948",
"paragraph_text": " obtaining a clear victory. Others, however, state that India emerged victorious as it successfully gained the majority of the contested territory.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nPrior to 1815, the area now known as \"Jammu and Kashmir\" comprised 22 small independent states (16 Hindu and six Muslim) carved out of territories controlled by the Amir (King) of Afghanistan, combined with those of local small rulers. These were collectively referred to as the \"Punjab Hill States\". These small states, ruled by Rajput kings, were variously independent, vassals of the Mughal Empire since the time of Emperor Akbar or sometimes controlled from Kangra state in the Himachal area. Following the decline of the Mughals, turbulence in Kangra and invasions of Gorkhas, the hill states fell successively under the control of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh.:��536��\nThe First Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) was fought between the Sikh Empire, which asserted sovereignty over Kashmir, and the East India Company. In the Treaty of Lahore of 1846, the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the Beas River and the Sutlej River and required to pay an indemnity of 1.2 million rupees. Because they could not readily raise this sum, the East India Company allowed the Dogra ruler Gulab Singh to acquire Kashmir from the Sikh kingdom in exchange for making a payment of 750,000 rupees to the company. Gulab Singh became the first Maharaja of the newly formed princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, founding a dynasty that was toAfter protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in a United Nations resolution of 13 August 1948, were adopted by the UN on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.The Indo-PAfter protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in a United Nations resolution of 13 August 1948, were adopted by the UN on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.aramulla, they took to plunder and stalled. Maharaja Hari Singh made a plea to India for assistance, and help was offered, but it was subject to his signing of an Instrument of Accession to India.\nThe war was initially fought by the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces and by militias from the frontier tribal areas adjoining the North-West Frontier Province. Following the accession of the state to India on 26 October 1947, Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar, the state capital. British commanding officers initially refused the entry of Pakistani troops into the conflict, citing the accession of the state to India. However, later in 1948, they relented and Pakistan's armies entered the war shortly afterwards. The fronts solidified gradually along what later came to be known as the Line of Control. A formal ceasefire was declared effective 1 January 1949. Numerous analysts state that the war ended in a stalemate, with neither side obtaining a clear victory. Others, however, state that India emerged victorious as it successfully gained the majority of the contested territory.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nPrior to 1815, the area now known as \"Jammu and Kashmir\" comprised 22 small independent states (16 Hindu and six Muslim) carved out of territories controlled by the Amir (King) of Afghanistan, combined with those of local small rulers. These were collectively referred to as the \"Punjab Hill States\". These small states, ruled by Rajput kings, were variously independent, vassals of the Mughal Empire since the time of Emperor Akbar or sometimes controlled from Kangra state in the Himachal area. Following the decline of the Mughals, turbulence in Kangra and invasions of Gorkhas, the hill states fell successively under the control of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh.:��536��\nThe First Anglo-Sikh war (1845–46) was fought between the Sikh Empire, which asserted sovereignty over Kashmir, and the East India Company. In the Treaty of Lahore of 1846, the Sikhs were made to surrender the valuable region (the Jullundur Doab) between the Beas River and the Sutlej River and required to pay an indemnity of 1.2 million rupees. Because they could not readily raise this sum, the East India Company allowed the Dogra ruler Gulab Singh to acquire Kashmir from the Sikh kingdom in exchange for making a payment of 750,000 rupees to the company. Gulab Singh became the first Maharaja of the newly formed princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, founding a dynasty that was toAfter protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in a United Nations resolution of 13 August 1948, were adopted by the UN on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.The Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948, also known as the first Kashmir war, was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948. It was the first of four Indo-Pakistani wars between the two newly independent nations. Pakistan precipitated the war a few weeks after its independence by launching tribal lashkar (militias) from Waziristan, in an effort to capture Kashmir and to preempt the possibility of its ruler joining India.\nHari Singh, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, was facing an uprising by his Muslim subjects in Poonch, and lost control in portions of the western districts. On 22 October 1947, Pakistan's Pashtun tribal militias crossed the border of the state. These local tribal militias and irregular Pakistani forces moved to take the capital city of Srinagar, but upon reaching Baramulla, they took to plunder and stalled. Maharaja Hari Singh made a plea to India for assistance, and help was offered, but it was subject to his signing of an Instrument of Accession to India.\nThe war was initially fought by the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What does the word, that also signifies a predominant religion in the region that emerged as India after the withdrawal of a certain country's forces, signify in the Arabic lexicon? | [
{
"id": 159737,
"question": "Who withdrew it's forces?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
] | true | What is the meaning of the word that is also a majority religion in the area that became India when the country that withdrew its forces was created in the Arabic dictionary? |
4hop1__88342_49853_128008_67954 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets, in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants. In 2009, they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees include Mariano Rivera and Derek Jeter, who received the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of Fame members. According to Forbes, the Yankees are the second-highest valued sports franchise in the world, after the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, with an estimated value in 2023 of approximately $7.1 billion. The team has garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated fanbase, as well as widespread enmity from fans of other MLB teams. The team's rivalry with the Boston",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "omar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.The Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award that is presented to the most outstanding player in each year's MLB All-Star Game. Awarded each season since 1962 (two games were held and an award was presented to each game winner in 1962), it was originally called the Arch Ward Memorial Award in honor of Arch Ward, the man who conceived of the All-Star Game in 1933. The award's name was changed to the Commissioner's Trophy in 1970, but this name change was reversed in 1985 when the World Series Trophy was renamed the Commissioner's Trophy. Finally, the trophy was renamed the Ted Williams Most Valuable Player Award in 2002, in honor of former Boston Red Sox player Ted Williams, who had died earlier that year. No award was presented for the 2002 All-Star Game, which ended in a tie. Thus, the Anaheim Angels' Garret Anderson was the first recipient of the newly named Ted Williams Award in 2003. The All-Star Game Most Valuable Player also receives a Chevrolet vehicle.\nAs of 2023, NL players have won the award 28 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 33 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players fromAs of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear-cut definition of what \"most valuable\" means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.\nIn 1944, the award was named after Kenesaw Mountain Landis, the first Commissioner of Baseball, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944. Formally named the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, that naming appeared on a plaque given to winning players.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884 (Providence defeated New York three games to zero), to a high of fifteen in 1887 (Detroit beat St. Louis ten games to five). Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game.\nThe series was promoted and referred to as \"The Championship of the United States\", \"World's Championship Series\", or \"World's Series\" for short.\nIn his book Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed.\nThe 19th-century competitions are, however, not officially recognized as part of World Series history by Major League Baseball, as it considers 19th-century baseballIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 andIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.–loss record in each league automatically clinched its league's pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring the rare tie necessitating a pennant playoff. Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series (ALDS and NLDS) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884 (Providence defeated New York three games to zero), to a high of fifteen in 1887 (Detroit beat St. Louis ten games to five). Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game.\nThe series was promoted and referred to as \"The Championship of the United States\", \"World's Championship Series\", or \"World's Series\" for short.\nIn his book Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed.\nThe 19th-century competitions are, however, not officially recognized as part of World Series history by Major League Baseball, as it considers 19th-century baseballIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 19 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in",
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}
] | Who received the All-Star Most Valuable Player title in the league where the team holding the greatest number of championship titles from the event preceding the MLB MVP award distribution competes? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 49853,
"question": "what team has the most #1 titles",
"answer": "the New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 128008,
"question": "Which is the league of #2 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 67954,
"question": "who won the #3 all-star mvp",
"answer": "Alex Bregman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Alex Bregman | [] | true | Who was the all-star MVP of the league where the team with the most titles from the event after which they give out the MLB MVP award plays? |
3hop1__107540_720914_27537 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Gozzi Altarpiece",
"paragraph_text": " of San Francesco. The presence of a view of Venice in the background had a political message: in 1510 Pope Julius II had given freedom of navigation and commerce to Ancona at the expense of Venice, but in 1520 the European situation had cancelled this privilege. TheThe Gozzi Altarpiece is an oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Titian, dating from 1520. It is located in the Pinacoteca civica Francesco Podesti in Ancona, central Italy.TheThe Gozzi Altarpiece is an oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Titian, dating from 1520. It is located in the Pinacoteca civica Francesco Podesti in Ancona, central Italy.== History ==\nThe painting is the first dated work by Titian. It was commissioned by Alvise Gozzi, a merchant from Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik) who was active in Venice, for the church of San Francesco. The presence of a view of Venice in the background had a political message: in 1510 Pope Julius II had given freedom of navigation and commerce to Ancona at the expense of Venice, but in 1520 the European situation had cancelled this privilege. TheThe Gozzi Altarpiece is an oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Titian, dating from 1520. It is located in the Pinacoteca civica Francesco Podesti in Ancona, central Italy.The Gozzi Altarpiece is an oil painting by the Italian Renaissance master Titian, dating from 1520. It is located in the Pinacoteca civica Francesco Podesti in Ancona, central Italy.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe painting is the first dated work by Titian. It was commissioned by Alvise Gozzi, a merchant from Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik) who was active in Venice, for the church of San Francesco. The presence of a view of Venice in the background had a political",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He becameFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One yearThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected in Lawrence reaching towards the beam of light breaking through the clouds above him.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Works Cited ==\nRosand, David (1997). Painting in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521562867.\nSherman, Allison (2013). \"Murder and Martyrdom: Titian's Gesuiti \"Saint Lawrence\" as a Family Peace Offering\". Artibus et Historiae. 34 (68): 39–54. ISSN 0391-9064.\nJacobus, De Voragine, Approximately, William Caxton, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Westminster, 20 Nov, 1483. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/48043527/.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by TitianThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a Renaissance era oil painting by the Venetian artist Titian, dated from 1558. It depicts the Ancient Romans' murder of Saint Lawrence and was originally an altarpiece in the Church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What prompted Roncalli to depart from the location where the creator of The Gozzi Altarpiece passed away? | [
{
"id": 107540,
"question": "The Gozzi Altarpiece was made by whom?",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome",
"Roma"
] | true | Why did Roncalli leave the place of death of the maker of The Gozzi Altarpiece? |
3hop2__132957_379231_40768 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Acura Legend",
"paragraph_text": "-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"ancient gods.\"\n\n\n=== Modern theories ===\nMonier-Williams traces the etymological roots of asura (��सुर) to asu (��सु), which means 'life of the spiritual world' or 'departed spirits'.\nIn the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, Monier Williams states the Asuras are \"evil spirits, demons and opponents of the gods\". Asuras connote the chaos-creating evil, in Indo-Iranian mythology about the battle between good and evil.\nAccording to Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola, the word Asura was borrowed from Proto-Indo-Aryan into Proto-Uralic during an early period of contact, in the form *asera-, showing a meaning \"lord, prince\".\n\n\n== In Hindu literature ==\n\n\n=== Rig Veda ===\nBhargava states the word, asura, including its variants, asurya and asura, occurs \"88 times in the Rig Veda, 71 times in the singular number, 4 times in the dual, 10 times in the plural, and 3 times as the first member of a compound. In this, the feminine form, asuryaa, is included twice. The word, asurya, has been used 19 times as an abstract noun, while the abstract form asuratva occurs 24 times, 22 times in one hymn and twice each in two other hymns\".\nBhargava gives a count of the word use for every Vedic deity: Asura is used as an adjective meaning \"powerful\" or \"mighty\". In the Rig Veda, two generous kings – as well as some priests – have been described as asuras. One hymn requests a son who is an asura. In nine hymns, Indra is described as asura. He is said to possess asurya 5 times, and once he is said to possess asuratva. Agni has total of 12 asura descriptions, Varuna has 10, Mitra has 8, and Rudra has 6. Book 1 of the Rig Veda describes Savitr (Vedic solar deity) as an asura who is a \"kind leader\".\n\n\n=== Samaveda ===\nIn the Jaiminya (3.35.3), one of three recensions of the SamaVeda, the term 'Asura' is stated to be derived from 'rests' (��ram) in the vital airs (asu), i.e. 'Asu' + 'ram' = 'Asuram' (Asura); this is in reference to the mind being 'asura[-like]'.\n\n\n=== Mahabharata ===\nAccording to the Bhagavad Gita (16.6-16.7), all beings in the universe have both the divine qualities (daivi sampad) and the demonic qualities (asuri sampad) within each. The sixteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita states that pure god-like saints are rare and pure demon-like evil are rare among human beings, and the bulk of humanity is multi-charactered with a few or many faults. According to Jeaneane Fowler, the Gita states that desires, aversions, greed, needs, emotions in various forms \"are facets of ordinary lives\", and it is only when they turn to lust, hate, cravings, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, hypocrisy, cruelty and such negativity- and destruction-inclined that natural human inclinations metamorphose into something demonic (Asura).\n\n\n=== Brahmanda Purana ===\n\nIn the Brahmanda Purana, it is stated the term 'Asura' was used for the Daityas due to their rejection of Varuni (Goddess of Wine) after she emerged from the Ocean of Milk (i.e. 'a-sura', meaning 'those who do not have Sura', that is, 'wine' or more generally 'liquor'). However, in other legends, the Asuras accept Varuni (see Kurma).\n\n\n=== Vishnu Purana ===\nAccording to the Vishnu Purana, during the Samudra Manthana or the \"churning of the ocean\", the daityas came to be known as asuras because they rejected Varuni, the goddess of sura \"wine\", while the devas accepted her and came to be known as suras.\n\n\n=== Shiva Purana ===\nAlain Daniélou states that Asuras were initially good, virtuous and powerful in Indian mythology. However, their nature gradually changed and they came to represent evil, vice and abuse of power. In Shiva Purana, they evolved into anti-gods and had to be destroyed because they threatened the gods.\nThe asuras (anti-gods) were depicted to have become proud, vain, to have stopped performing sacrifices, to violate sacred laws, not visit holy places, not cleanse themselves from sin, to be envious of devas, torturous of living beings, creating confusion in everything and challenging the devas.\nAlain Daniélou states that the concept of asuras evolved with changing socio-political dynamics in ancient India. Asuras gradually assimilated the demons, spirits, and ghosts worshipped by the enemies of Vedic people, and this created the myths of the malevolent asuras and the rakshasa. The allusions to the disastrous wars between the asuras and the suras, found in the Puranas and the epics, may be the conflict faced by people and migrants into ancient India.\n\n\n== Context ==\nScholars have disagreed on the nature and evolution of the Asura concept in ancient Indian literature. The most widely studied scholarly views on Asura concept are those of F. B. J. Kuiper,The Acura Legend is a mid-size luxury/executive car manufactured by Honda. It was sold in the U.S., Canada, and parts of China under Honda's luxury brand, Acura, from 1985 to 1995, as both a sedan, which was classified as a full-size car, and a coupe, which was classified as a mid-size car (similar to how the Honda Accord is set up today). It was the first flagship sedan sold under the Acura nameplate, until being renamed in 1996 as the Acura 3.5RL. The 3.5RL was the North American version of the KA9 series Honda Legend. Varuna, while the malevolent onesThe Acura Legend is a mid-size luxury/executive car manufactured by Honda. It was sold in the U.S., Canada, and parts of China under Honda's luxury brand, Acura, from 1985 to 1995, as both a sedan, which was classified as a full-size car, and a coupe, which was classified as a mid-size car (similar to how the Honda Accord is set up today). It was the first flagship sedan sold under the Acura nameplate, until being renamed in 1996 as the Acura 3.5RL. The 3.5RL was the North American version of the KA9 series Honda Legend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Scion xD",
"paragraph_text": "The Scion xD is a five-door subcompact hatchback marketed in the U.S. and Canada by Japanese manufacturer Toyota beginning with the 2008 model year — replacing the xA. The Scion xD and the second generation xB were first shown to the public on February 8, 2007 at the Chicago Auto Show. The xD appeared in Scion showrooms in mid-2007 in the USA and in 2011 for Canada. The Scion xD was discontinued in 2014, and was succeeded by the Toyota C-HR in 2017. refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. In an effort to target millennials, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques.\nThe brand first soft launched in the United States at selected",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota CressidaSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When were the assembly plants in the United States established by Nissan, the creator of Acura Legend, and the producer of Scion xD? | [
{
"id": 132957,
"question": "Who made Acura Legend?",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 379231,
"question": "Scion xD >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #1 , #2 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 1981 | [] | true | When did Nissan, the Acura Legend maker and the Scion xD manufacturer open US assembly plants? |
3hop1__28841_547811_41132 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)",
"paragraph_text": " of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera assigns the title role to a bass. The third act is missing and the rest of the score (evidently used in performances by the composer) is incomplete. Two arias are lost, seven arias are incomplete (only the bass part is extant) and three arias are identical with extant arias in RV 727 and RV 729.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe French label Naïve, which had already recorded the more famous Orlando furioso and Orlando finto pazzo for its Vivaldi Edition, released a recording of the July 20, 2012 première at the Festival de Beaune, with Sardelli conducting Modo Antiquo and singers including Riccardo Novaro as Orlando, Gaëlle Arquez as Angelica, Romina Basso as Alcina and Teodora Gheorghiu as Bradamante. Given the heavily defective nature of the surviving manuscript, Sardelli had to reconstruct orOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.Orlando furioso RV 819 (Italian pronunciation: [or��lando fu��rjo��zo, -so], Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an Orlando furioso written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's impresa in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV AnhOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.",
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{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Black Death",
"paragraph_text": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Mandolin",
"paragraph_text": "Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).Mandarin ( MAN-dər-in; simplified Chinese: ��话; traditional Chinese: ��話; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'officials' speech') is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language of China. Because Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin dialects are found in the north, the group is sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese (simplified Chinese: ��方话; traditional Chinese: ��方話; pinyin: Běifānghuà; lit. 'northern speech'). Many varieties of Mandarin, such as those of the Southwest (including Sichuanese) and the Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the standard language (or are only partially intelligible). Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers (with nearly one billion).\nMandarin is by far the largest of the Chinese dialect groups; it is spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. This is generally attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas.\nMost Mandarin varieties have four tones. The final stops of Middle Chinese have disappeared in most of these varieties, but some have merged them as a final glottal stop. Many Mandarin varieties, including the Beijing dialect, retain retroflex initial consonants, which have been lost in southern varieties of Chinese.\nThe Chinese capital has been within the Mandarin-speaking area for most of the last millennium, making these dialects very influential. Some form of Mandarin has served as a lingua franca for government officials and the courts since the 14th century. In the early 20th century, a standard form based on the Beijing dialect, with elements from other Mandarin dialects, was adopted as the national language. Standard Chinese is the official language of China and Taiwan, as well as one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is also used as one of the official languages of the United Nations. Recent increased migration from Mandarin-speaking regions of China and Taiwan has now resulted in the language being one of the more frequently used varieties of Chinese among Chinese diaspora communities. It is also the most commonly taught Chinese variety.\n\n\n== Name ==\nThe English word \"mandarin\" (from Portuguese mandarim, from Malay menteri, from Sanskrit mantrī, mantrin, meaning 'minister or counsellor') originally meant an official of the Ming and Qing empires.\nSince their native varieties were often mutually unintelligible, these officials communicated using a koiné language based on various northern varieties. When Jesuit missionaries learned this standard language in the 16th century, they called it \"Mandarin\", from its Chinese name Guānhuà (��话; ��話; 'language of the officials').\nIn everyday English, \"Mandarin\" refers to Standard Chinese, which is often called simply \"Chinese\". Standard Mandarin Chinese is based on Beijing dialect, with some lexical and syntactic influence from other Mandarin dialects. It is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC), as well as one of the four official languages of Singapore, and a high-prestige minority language in Malaysia. It also functions as the language of instruction in mainland China and Taiwan. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations, under the name \"Chinese\". Chinese speakers refer to the modern standard language as\n\nP��tōnghuà (��通话; ���通話; 'common speech') in mainland China,\nGuóy�� (国语; ����; 'national language') in Taiwan or\nHuáy�� (华语; �����; 'Huaxia language') in Malaysia and Singapore,\nbut not as Guānhuà.\nLinguists use the term \"Mandarin\" to refer to the diverse group of dialects spoken in northern and southwestern China, which Chinese linguists call Guānhuà. The alternative term Běifānghuà (北方话; ��方話; 'Northern dialects'), is used less and less among Chinese linguists. By extension, the term \"Old Mandarin\" or \"Early Mandarin\" is used by linguists to refer to the northern dialects recorded in materials from the Yuan dynasty.\nNative speakers who are not academic linguists may not recognize that the variants they speak are classified in linguistics as members of \"Mandarin\" (or so-called \"Northern dialects\") in a broader sense. Within Chinese social or cultural discourse, there is not a \"Mandarin\" identity based on language; rather, there are strong regional identities centred on individual dialects because of the wide geographical distribution and cultural diversity of their speakers. Speakers of forms of Mandarin other than the standard typically refer to the variety they speak by a geographic name—for example the Sichuan dialect and the Hebei dialect or Northeastern dialect, all being regarded as distinct from the standard language, with which they may not share much mutual intelligibility.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe hundreds of modern local varieties of Chinese developed from regional variants of Old Chinese and Middle Chinese. Traditionally, seven major groups of dialects have been recognized. Aside from Mandarin, the other six are Wu, Gan, and Xiang in central China and Min, Hakka, and Yue on the southeast coast. The Language Atlas of China (1987) distinguishes three further groups: Jin (split from Mandarin), Huizhou in the Huizhou region of Anhui and Zhejiang, and Pinghua in Guangxi and Yunnan.\n\n\n=== Old Mandarin ===\n\nAfter the fall of the Northern Song (959–1126) and during the reign of the Jin (1115–1234) and Yuan (Mongol) dynasties in northern China, a common form of speech developed based on the dialects of the North China Plain around the capital, a language referred to as Old Mandarin. New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu poetry.\nThe rhyming conventions of the new verse were codified in a rime dictionary called the Zhongyuan Yinyun (1324). A radical departure from the rime table tradition that had evolved over the previous centuries, this dictionary contains a wealth of information on the phonology of Old Mandarin. Further sources",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the number of plague outbreaks that happened in the hometown of the composer of Concerto in C Major Op 3 6? | [
{
"id": 28841,
"question": "Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?",
"answer": "Antonio Vivaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 547811,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 41132,
"question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?",
"answer": "22",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | 22 | [] | true | How many times did the plague occur in the birth place of Concerto in C Major Op 3 6's composer? |
2hop__463353_66723 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "James Meredith",
"paragraph_text": " involved. The second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers. He rejoined the march and when Meredith and other leaders entered Jackson on June 26, they were leading an estimated 15,000 marchers, in what was the largest civil rights march in Mississippi. During the march, more than 4,000 African Americans registered to vote, and it was a catalyst to continued community organizing and additional registration.\nIn 2002 and again in 2012, the University of Mississippi led year-long series of events to celebrate the 40th and 50th anniversaries of Meredith's integration of the institution. He was among numerous speakers invited to the campus, where a statue of him commemorates his role. The Lyceum-The Circle Historic District at the center of the campus has been designated as a National Historic Landmark for these events.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nMeredith was born in 1933 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, the son of Roxie (Patterson) and Moses Meredith. He is of African-American, English Canadian, Scots and Choctaw heritage. His family nickname was \"J-Boy\". European traders intermarried with some Choctaw during the colonial period. In the 1830s, thousands of Choctaw chose to stay in Mississippi and become United States citizens when most of the tribe left their traditional homeland for Indian Territory during the federally imposed removal. Those in the state had unions with European Americans and African Americans (some of whom were enslaved), adding to the multi-racial population in the developing territory.\nMeredith completed 11th grade at Attala County Training School (which was segregated as \"white\" and \"colored\" under the state's Jim Crow laws) and completed 12th grade at Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated from high school in 1951. Then, Meredith enlisted in the United States Air Force. He served from 1951 to 1960.\nAfterward Meredith attended Jackson State University for two years, achieving good grades.\n\n\n== University of Mississippi ==\n\n\n=== Challenge to the University ===\nIn 1961, inspired the day before by U.S. President John F. Kennedy, Meredith started to apply to the University of Mississippi, intending to insist on his civil rights to attend the state-funded university. It still admitted only white students under the state's culture of racial segregation, although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, as they are supported by all the taxpayers.\nMeredith wrote in his application that he wanted admission for his country, race, family, and himself. He said,\n\nNobody handpicked me...I believed, and believe now, that I have a Divine Responsibility... I am familiar with the probable difficulties involved in such a move as I am undertaking and I am fully prepared to pursue it all the way to a degree from the University of Mississippi.\nHe was twice denied admission. During this time, he was advised by Medgar Evers, who was head of the state chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).\nOn May 31, 1961, Meredith, with backing of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, alleging that the university had rejected him only because of his race, as he had a highly successful record of military service and academic courses. The case went through many hearings, after which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that Meredith had the right to be admitted to the state school. The state appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which supported the ruling of the appeals court.\nOn September 13, 1962, the District Court entered an injunction directing the members of the Board of Trustees and the officials of the University to register Meredith. The Democratic Governor of Mississippi, Ross Barnett, declared \"no school will be integrated in Mississippi while I am your governor\". The state legislature quickly created a plan. They passed a law that denied admission to any person \"who has a crime of moral turpitude against him\" or who had been convicted of any felony offense or not pardoned. The same day it became law, Meredith was accused and convicted of \"false voter registration,\" in absentia, in Jackson County. The conviction against Meredith was trumped up: Meredith both owned land in northern Mississippi and was registered to vote in Jackson, where he lived. \"Later the clerk testified that Meredith was qualified to register and vote in Jackson [where he was registered].\"\nOn September 20, the federal government obtained an injunction against enforcement of this Act and of the two state court decrees that had barred Meredith's registration. That day Meredith was rebuffed again by Governor Barnett in his efforts to gain admission, though university officials were prepared to admit him. On September 25, Meredith attempted to register again, but Governor Barnett blocked Meredith’s entry to the College Board office. On September 28, the Court of Appeals, en banc and after a hearing, found the Governor in civil contempt and ordered that he beJames Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is a Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans.JJames Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is a Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans. Americans. The admission of Meredith ignited the Ole Miss riot of 1962 where Meredith's life was threatened and 31,000 American servicemen were required to quell the violence – the largest ever invocation of the Insurrection Act of 1807.\nIn 1966, Meredith planned a solo 220-mile (350-kilometer) March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi; he wanted to highlight continuing racism in the South and encourage voter registration after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He did not want major civil rights organizations involved. The second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers. He rejoined the march and when Meredith and other leaders entered Jackson on June 26, they were leading an estimated 15,000 marchers, in what was the largest civil rights march in Mississippi. During the march, more than 4,000 African Americans registered to vote, and it was a catalyst to continued community organizing and additional registration.\nIn 2002 and again in 2012, the University",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Swayze Field",
"paragraph_text": " the City of Oxford, using a 2% Local Tourism Tax on prepared food and alcohol to pay for it.\n\n\n== Features ==\n\n\n=== Right field terrace ===\nThe hill beyond the right field wall was equipped with a seating area in 1993 that sits comfortably between the field and eight tennis courts. This has historically been a section for students. Since the 2000 season the area has undergone many improvements. What began as a gathering place for about 100 students has grown into an area of about 1,000 students per game during conference season. This area however is not counted as part of the stadium.\n\n\n==== Right field traditions ====\n1.) One of the main right field traditions involves the players themselves. After warmups are completed, each inning the outfielders throw the baseball into the right field student section where students write messages on them and then throw the ball back to the outfielders for warm ups the next inning.2.) The beer shower: Upon an Ole Miss home run or walk off win, the student section jumps to their feet and throws their beverage into the air.\n\n\n=== Left field terrace ===\nFor many years there was nothing but trees and a parking lot beyond the left field wall. In 2006, the left fieldOxford-University Stadium at Swayze Field is the home of the University of Mississippi Rebels college baseball team and is located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is named in honor of Tom Swayze, a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach., a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach.\nThe $3.75 million stadium opened on February 19, 1989, with a double header sweep of Cumberland University. The actual stadium sits on city property off-campus and was built by the City of Oxford, using a 2% Local Tourism Tax on prepared food and alcohol to pay for it.\n\n\n== Features ==\n\n\n=== Right field terrace ===\nThe hill beyond the right field wall was equipped with a seating area in 1993 that sits comfortably between the field and eight tennis courts. This has historically been a section for students. Since the 2000 season the area has undergone many improvements. What began as a gathering place for about 100 students has grown into an area of about 1,000 students per game during conference season. This area however is not counted as part of the stadium.\n\n\n==== Right field traditions ====\n1.) One of the main right field traditions involves the players themselves.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which was the first African American student to gain admittance into the institution that is in possession of Swayze Field? | [
{
"id": 463353,
"question": "Swayze Field >> owned by",
"answer": "University of Mississippi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 66723,
"question": "who was the first black student admitted to #1",
"answer": "James Howard Meredith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | James Howard Meredith | [
"James Meredith"
] | true | Who was the first black student admitted to the school that owns Swayze Field? |
2hop__766973_770570 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Erik Hort",
"paragraph_text": ", Ora Hort, is of Israeli descent. Hort grew up In the academy PDA (Players Development Academy) In New Jersey. Hort was also a member of the Eastern New York ODP, Regional and National Team. With a very promising career ahead of him, Hort broke his leg in 2000 right before the National Team try outs, but quickly bounced back. \nIn Hort's senior year of high school, He was discovered by Czech powerhouse Sparta Prague during a trip with the Regional team. He was eventually signed by them and spent one and a half seasons on their reserve team before joining the Fire in the fall of 2006. He has the ability to play several positions and can create opportunities with his great ability. After the year with the Fire Hort spent the next year going through two sports hernia surgeries in 2007–2008 before coming back and signing with Maccabi Tel Aviv. \nIn 2009 Hort joined Maccabi Tel Aviv In the Israeli First Division where he signed for a year before moving to Hapoel Ra'anana also in the First Division, moving from the Second the year before.\nHe earned 3 caps with the United States U-20 men's national soccer team in 2006.\n\n\n== Career statistics ==\n\n\n== Footnotes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nProfile at MLSNet\n[1]\n[2]Erik Hort (born February 16, 1987, in Montebello, New York) is an American soccer player who is a free agent.\nHort grew up in Montebello, NY. He is one of five children. His father, David Hort, is of Austrian descent, and his mother, Ora Hort, is of Israeli descent. Hort grew up In the academy PDA (Players Development Academy) In New Jersey. Hort was also a member of the Eastern New York ODP, Regional and National Team. With a very promising career ahead of him, Hort broke his leg in 2000 right before the National Team try outs, but quickly bounced back. \nIn Hort's senior year of high school, He was discovered by Czech powerhouse Sparta Prague during a trip with the Regional team. He was eventually signed by them and spent one and a half seasons on their reserve team before joining the Fire in the fall of 2006. He has the ability to play several positions andErik Hort (born February 16, 1987 in Montebello, New York) is an American soccer player who is currently a Free Agent.EErik Hort (born February 16, 1987 in Montebello, New York) is an American soccer player who is currently a Free Agent.Hort grew up in Montebello, NY. He is one of five children. His father, David Hort, is of Austrian descent, and his mother, Ora Hort, is of Israeli descent. Hort grew up In the academy PDA (Players Development Academy) In New Jersey. Hort was also a member of the Eastern New York ODP, Regional and National Team. With a very promising career ahead of him, Hort broke his leg in 2000 right before the National Team try outs, but quickly bounced back. \nIn Hort's senior year of high school, He was discovered by Czech powerhouse Sparta Prague during a trip with the Regional team. He was eventually signed by them and spent one and a half seasons on their reserve team before joining the Fire in the fall of 2006. He has the ability to play several positions and can create opportunities with his great ability. After the year with the Fire Hort spent the next year going through two sports hernia surgeries in 2007–2008 before coming back and signing with Maccabi Tel Aviv. \nIn 2009 Hort joined Maccabi Tel Aviv In the Israeli First Division where he signed for a year before moving to Hapoel Ra'anana also in the First Division, moving from the Second the year before.\nHe earned 3 caps with the United States U-20 men's national soccer team in 2006.\n\n\n== Career statistics ==\n\n\n== Footnotes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nProfile at MLSNet\n[1]\n[2]Erik Hort (born February 16, 1987, in Montebello, New York) is an American soccer player who is a free agent.\nHort grew up in Montebello, NY. He is one of five children. His father, David Hort, is of Austrian descent, and his mother, Ora Hort, is of Israeli descent. Hort grew up In the academy PDA (Players Development Academy) In New Jersey. Hort was also a member of the Eastern New York ODP, Regional and National Team. With a very promising career ahead of him, Hort broke his leg in 2000 right before the National Team try outs, but quickly bounced back. \nIn Hort's senior year of high school, He was discovered by Czech powerhouse Sparta Prague during a trip with the Regional team. He was eventually signed by them and spent one and a half seasons on their reserve team before joining the Fire in the fall of 2006. He has the ability to play several positions andErik Hort (born February 16, 1987 in Montebello, New York) is an American soccer player who is currently a Free Agent.Erik Hort (born February 16, 1987, in Montebello, New York) is an American soccer player who is a free agent.\nHort grew up in Montebello, NY. He is one of five children. His father, David Hort, is of Austrian descent, and his mother, Ora Hort, is of Israeli descent. Hort grew up In the academy PDA (Players Development Academy) In New Jersey. Hort was also a member of the Eastern New York ODP, Regional and National Team. With a very promising career ahead of him, Hort broke",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Montebello, New York",
"paragraph_text": ", Monticello and the nearby University of Virginia, also designed by Jefferson, were together designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The United States nickel has featured a depiction of Monticello on its reverse since 1938 (except for 2004-05).\nJefferson designed the main house using neoclassical design principles pioneered by Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio and reworking the design through much of his presidency to include design elements popular in late 18th-century Europe and integrating numerous ideas of his own. Situated on the summit of an 850 ft-high (260 m) peak in the Southwest Mountains south of the Rivanna Gap, the name Monticello derives from Italian meaning \"little mountain\". Along a prominent lane adjacent to the house, Mulberry Row, the plantation came to include numerous outbuildings for specialized functions, e.g., a nailery; quarters for slaves who worked in the home; gardens for flowers, produce, and Jefferson's experiments in plant breeding—along with tobacco fields and mixed crops. Cabins for slaves who worked in the fields were farther from the mansion.\nAt Jefferson's direction, he was buried on the grounds, in an area now designated as the Monticello Cemetery. The cemetery is owned by the Monticello Association, a society of his descendants through Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. After Jefferson's death, his daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph, apart from the small family graveyard, sold Monticello for $7,500. In 1834, it was bought by Uriah P. Levy, a commodore in the U.S. Navy, for $2,500, (~$81,513 in 2023) who admired Jefferson and spent his own money to preserve the property. His nephew Jefferson Monroe Levy took over the property in 1879; he also invested considerable money to restore and preserve it. In 1923, Monroe Levy sold it for $500,000 (~$6.96 million in 2023) to the Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF), which operates it as a house museum and educational institution.\n\n\n== Design and building ==\nJefferson's home was built to serve as a plantation house, which ultimately took on the architectural form of a villa. Work began on what historians would subsequently refer to as \"the first Monticello\" in 1768, on a plantation of 5,000 acres (2,000 ha). Jefferson moved into the South Pavilion (an outbuilding) in 1770, where his new wife Martha Wayles Skelton joined him in 1772. Jefferson continued work on his original design, but how much was completed is of some dispute. In constructing and later reconstructing his home, Jefferson used a combination of free workers, indentured servants, and slaves.\nAfter his wife's death in 1782, Jefferson left Monticello in 1784 to serve as Minister of the United States to France. DuringMontebello (Italian: \"Beautiful mountain\") is an incorporated village in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Suffern, east of Hillburn, south of Wesley Hills, and west of Airmont. The population was 4,526 at the 2010 census.Montebello (Italian: \"Beautiful mountain\") is an incorporated village in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Suffern, east of Hillburn, south of Wesley Hills, and west of Airmont. The population was 4,526 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which county is Erik Hort's place of birth located? | [
{
"id": 766973,
"question": "Erik Hort >> place of birth",
"answer": "Montebello",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 770570,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Rockland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Rockland County | [
"Rockland County, New York"
] | true | What county is Erik Hort's birthplace a part of? |
2hop__201704_135481 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "1965 Federation Cup (tennis)",
"paragraph_text": "The 1965 Federation Cup was the third edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. Eleven nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne, Australia from 15–18 January. United States and Australia both reached the final for the third consecutive time, and Australia defended their title, defeating United States by winning both of their singles rubbers.The 1965 Federation Cup was the third edition of what is now known as the Fed Cup. Eleven nations participated in the tournament, which was held at the Kooyong Lawn Tennis Club in Melbourne, Australia from 15–18 January. United States and Australia both reached the final for the third consecutive time, and Australia defended their title, defeating United States by winning both of their singles rubbers.The International Tennis Federation (ITF) is the governing body of world tennis, wheelchair tennis, and beach tennis. It was founded in 1913 as the International Lawn Tennis Federation by twelve national tennis associations. As of 2016, there are 211 national and six regional",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Fed Cup",
"paragraph_text": ", Canada, Australia, Russia and the United States are the only countries to have held both Cups at the same time.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIn 1919, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman had an idea for a women's team tennis competition. This was notFed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams.TheFed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams. King. The Billie Jean King Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current chairperson is Katrina Adams.\nThe Czech Republic dominated the BJK Cup in the 2010s, winning six of ten competitions in the decade. The men's equivalent of the Billie Jean King Cup is the Davis Cup, and the Czech Republic, Canada, Australia, Russia and the United States are the only countries to have held both Cups at the same time.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIn 1919, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman had an idea for a women's team tennis competition. This was notFed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current Fed Cup Chairperson is Katrina Adams.The Billie Jean King Cup (or the BJK Cup) is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched as the Federation Cup in 1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The name was changed to the Fed Cup in 1995, and changed again in September 2020 in honor of former World No. 1 Billie Jean King. The Billie Jean King Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete. The current chairperson is Katrina Adams.\nThe Czech Republic dominated the BJK Cup in the 2010s, winning six of ten competitions in the decade. The men's equivalent of the Billie Jean King Cup is the Davis Cup, and the Czech Republic, Canada, Australia, Russia and the United States are the only countries to have held both Cups at the same time.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIn 1919, Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman had an idea for a women's team tennis competition. This was not adopted but she persisted, presenting a trophy at the 1923 annual contest between the United States and Great Britain, named the Wightman Cup.\nNell Hopman, wife of the legendary Australian Davis Cup Captain Harry Hopman, later took up Mrs Wightman's original idea. In 1962, a British resident of the United States, Mary Hardwick Hare, presented a dossier proving that support for such an event was overwhelming, persuading the ITF that it was a 'good idea' to have a team championship played over one week in a different venue each year. 40 years after Wightman's idea of a women's Davis Cup, it became a reality. In 1963, the ITF launched the Federation Cup to celebrate its 50th anniversary. Open to all nations the competition became a resounding success.\nThe inaugural event attracted 16 countries. The competition was supported by the top players right from the start. Held at the Queen's Club, in London, the first contest was between Australia and the United States. Grand Slam champions Darlene Hard, Billie Jean King, Margaret Smith and Lesley Turner all proudly representing their country on court. The United States would emerge the champion nation in the opening year. However, it was to be Australia in the early years, winning seven of the next eleven championships. Around 1980 the United States was able to establish some significant mark on the competition setting in future years a very high standard for others to compete against.\n\nThe first Federation Cup had attracted 16 entry teams, despite no prize money and teams having to meet their own expenses. When sponsorship became available, the number of teams expanded dramatically, first by the Colgate Group in 1976, and, from 1981 to 1994 by the Japanese communications and computer giant NEC. In 1994, there were 73 nations competing, with the host nation of a Federation Cup week was now being required to build a special tennis complex, giving rise to what became known as the Federation Cup \"legacy.\" The additional costs of each event could be offset with the host nations viewing their involvement as providing an opportunity to boost their national game.\nFor the 1992, a regional group qualifying format was introduced. In 1995, the event's name was shortened to the Fed Cup, and a new home-and-away format was adopted as per the Davis Cup, so that women could play for their country in their own country. There have been a number of smaller changes to the format since 1995. The format change implemented in 2005 incorporates an eight Nation World Group I and eight nation World Group II both playing home-and-away over three weekends throughout the year. Three regional groups compete and there are promotions and relegations based on results.\nThe 2021 edition is set to have US$12 million in prize money.\n\n\n== Format ==\n\n\n=== Competition ===\nWhile many nations enter the BJK Cup each year, only 16 countries qualify for the elite World Group and World Group II each year (eight in World Group and eight in World Group II).\nThey reach World Group and World Group II as follows:\n\n(a) World Group – the four nations that win their World Group first round tie remain in the World Group for the following year. First round losers contest the World Group play-offs against the four winning nations from World Group II to determine relegation/promotion for the following year's competition. (The four nations that win World Group play-offs will be in the World Group the following year, while the four losers will start the following year in World Group II.)\n(b) World Group II – the four nations that win their World Group II ties will compete in the World Group I Play-Offs to determine relegation/promotion for the following year, as described above. Similarly the four nations that lose their World Group II ties will face winning nations from Group I Zonal competitions, in the World Group II play-offs, to determine relegation/promotion. (The four nations that win their World Group II play-offs will be in World Group II the following year, while the four losers will begin the next year in Group I Zonal events.)\nOnce in the World Group or World Group II, four nations will be seeded in each. The decision as to which nations will be seeded is made by the BJK Cup Committee, according to the ITF BJK Cup Nations Ranking.\nAt the levels below the World Group and World Group II, the BJK Cup nations compete in Zonal Competition events, which are split into three zones: The Americas Zone, the Asia/Oceania Zone and the Europe/Africa Zone. In each zone there are two groups, Group I being the higher and Group II the lower, except for the Europe/Africa Zone, which also has a Group III.\nWithin the Group zonal regions, teams are split into pools and play against each other in a round robin format. The exact format of each Group event, and promotion and relegation between them, varies according to the number of participating teams. Two teams are always promoted from Europe/Africa Group I to that year's World Group II Play-Offs, while one team each go to the World Group II Play-Offs from Americas Group I and Asia/Oceania Zone Group I.\n\n\n=== Current structure ===\nThis structure has been implemented since 2016.\n\n\n=== Ties ===\nIn World Group and World Group II, and World Group and World Group II Play-off ties, each tie is contested in a best of five matches format, and is played across two days. On the first day there are two singles matches, and then the reverse singles matches take place on the following day. The final match is a doubles.\nIn Zonal Groups I, II and III, ties are played over the best of three matches (two singles and a doubles).\nThe First Round Ties in the World Group and World Group II are played on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in the early part of the year.\nWorld Group Semi-finals and Final are played over on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in July (Semi-finals) and September (Final).\nPlay-off ties for World Group and World Group II will also be played on a home and away knock-out basis taking place in July.\nThe choice of ground for First Round, Semi-finals and Play-off ties is decided by lot or goes automatically to one of the competing nations.\nAs Groups I, II and III are played in a round robin format in all three zones, each event takes place at a single venue over one week. These are held in the first half of the year (to allow promotion of teams to the World Group II Play-off ties in the second half of the year), and dates and venues are decided by the BJK Cup Committee.\n\n\n== Records and statistics ==\n\n\n=== List of championship finals ===\n\n\n=== Performance by country ===\n\nSource:\n\n\n=== Titles by country (since ",
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] | What is the name of the tournament that the 1965 Federation Cup belongs to? | [
{
"id": 201704,
"question": "1965 Federation Cup >> instance of",
"answer": "Fed Cup",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 135481,
"question": "What is #1 named after?",
"answer": "International Tennis Federation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | International Tennis Federation | [
"ITF"
] | true | What is the competition that the 1965 Federation Cup is part of named after? |
2hop__539184_119915 | [
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ibn Abbad al-Rundi",
"paragraph_text": " Xavier Casassas Canals.\nIbn ‘Abbâd, modéle de la Shâdhiliyya a (La Shâdhiliyya -- Une voie soufie dans le monde, éd. E. Geoffroy, Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2004.), from Dr. Kenneth L. Honerkamp.Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (Arabic: ابن عباد الرندي) (in full, Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abi Ishaq Ibrahim An-nafzi Al-himyari Ar-rundi) (1333–1390) was one of the leading Sufi theologians of his time who was born in Ronda. Attracted to Morocco by the famous madrasahs, Ibn Abbad emigrated there at an early age. He spent most of his life in Morocco, living in different cities (Salé, Marrakesh, Fes...), and was buried in Bab al-Futuh (south-eastern gate) cemetery in Fes.\nIbn Abbad has been suggested as a possible influence on St. John of the Cross in the work of Miguel Asín Palacios.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\"Saint-Jean de la Croix, Ibn ‘Abbâd de Ronda et la survivance en Espagne de la mystique musulmane en langue castillane jusqu’à la fin du XVIe siècle\", a Horizons Maghrébins. L'héritage de l'Espagne des trois cultures, n° 61 (2010), pp.63-69, from Xavier Casassas Canals.\nIbn ‘Abbâd, modéle de la Shâdhiliyya a (La Shâdhiliyya -- Une voie soufie dans le monde, éd. E. Geoffroy, Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2004.), from Dr. Kenneth L. Honerkamp.Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (Arabic: ابن عباد الرندي) (in full, Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abi Ishaq Ibrahim An-nafzi Al-himyari Ar-rundi) (1333–1390) was one of the leading Sufi theologians of his time who was born in Ronda. Attracted to Morocco by the famous madrasahs, Ibn Abbad emigrated there at an early age. He spent most of his life in Morocco, living in different cities (Salé, Marrakesh, Fes...), and was buried in Bab al-Futuh (south-eastern gate) cemetery in Fes.\nIbn Abbad has been suggested as a possible influence on St. John of the Cross in the work of Miguel Asín Palacios.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\"Saint-Jean de la Croix, Ibn ‘Abbâd de Ronda et la survivance en Espagne de la mystique musulmane en langue castillane jusqu’à la fin du XVIe siècle\", a Horizons Maghrébins. L'héritage de l'Espagne des trois cultures, n° 61 (2010), pp.63-69, from Xavier Casassas Canals.\nIbn ‘Abbâd, modéle de la Shâdhiliyya a (La Shâdhiliyya -- Une voie soufie dans le monde, éd. E. Geoffroy, Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2004.), from Dr. Kenneth L. Honerkamp.Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (Arabic: ابن عباد الرندي) (in full, Abu 'abd Allah MuhammadIbn Abbad al-Rundi (in full, Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abi Ishaq Ibrahim An-nafzi Al-himyari Ar-rundi) (1333–1390) was one of the leading Sufi theologians of his time who was born in Ronda. Attracted to Morocco by the famous madrasahs, Ibn Abbad emigrated there at an early age. He spent most of his life in Morocco, living in different cities (Salé, Marrakesh, Fes...), and was buried in Bab al-Futuh (south-eastern gate) cemetery in Fes.Ibn AbbadIbn Abbad al-Rundi (in full, Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Abi Ishaq Ibrahim An-nafzi Al-himyari Ar-rundi) (1333–1390) was one of the leading Sufi theologians of his time who was born in Ronda. Attracted to Morocco by the famous madrasahs, Ibn Abbad emigrated there at an early age. He spent most of his life in Morocco, living in different cities (Salé, Marrakesh, Fes...), and was buried in Bab al-Futuh (south-eastern gate) cemetery in Fes. al-Futuh (south-eastern gate) cemetery in Fes.\nIbn Abbad has been suggested as a possible influence on St. John of the Cross in the work of Miguel Asín Palacios.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\"Saint-Jean de la Croix, Ibn",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Taifa of Ronda",
"paragraph_text": "\n\n\n== References ==The Taifa of Ronda (Arabic: ��ا��فة رندة) was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 106The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.\n\n\n== List of Emirs ==\n\n\n=== Yafranid dynasty ===\nAbu Nour: 1039/",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did Taifa, the hometown of Ibn Abbad al-Rundi, come to an end? | [
{
"id": 539184,
"question": "Ibn Abbad al-Rundi >> place of birth",
"answer": "Ronda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 119915,
"question": "In which year Taifa of #1 ceased to exist?",
"answer": "1065",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
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] | 1065 | [] | true | In what year did Taifa, of the birthplace of Ibn Abbad al-Rundi, cease to exist? |
4hop2__160585_14670_8987_8529 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_text": " German Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech and Slovak: ��eskoslovensko, ��esko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (the territories of southern Slovakia with a predominantly Hungarian population to Hungary and Zaolzie with a predominantly Polish population to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and Carpathian Ruthenia became part of Hungary, while the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed in the remainder of the Czech Lands. In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, former Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš formed a government-in-exile and sought recognition from the Allies. \nAfter World War II, Czechoslovakia was reestablished under its pre-1938 borders, with the exception of Carpathian Ruthenia, which became part of the Ukrainian SSR (a republic of the Soviet Union). The Communist Party seizedSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia. Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (the territories of southern Slovakia with a predominantly Hungarian population to Hungary and Zaolzie with a predominantly Polish population to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and Carpathian Ruthenia became part of Hungary, while the German Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech and Slovak: ��eskoslovensko, ��esko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (the territories of southern Slovakia with a predominantly Hungarian population to Hungary and Zaolzie with a predominantly Polish population to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and Carpathian Ruthenia became part of Hungary, while the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed in the remainder of the Czech Lands. In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, former Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš formed a government-in-exile and sought recognition from the Allies. \nAfter World War II, Czechoslovakia was reestablished under its pre-1938 borders, with the exception of Carpathian Ruthenia, which became part of the Ukrainian SSR (a republic of the Soviet Union). The Communist Party seized power in a coup in 1948. From 1948 to 1989, Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a planned economy. Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of 1955. A period of political liberalization in 1968, the Prague Spring, ended when the Soviet Union, assisted by",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).\nAccording to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslavedThe word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)., and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).\nMany historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": " United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. ItCurrently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček toIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the term "Slavs" included in the national anthem of the nation whose military division, analogous to the US's Air Defense Artillery, was not ready for the attack on the native country of Hana Mandlikova? | [
{
"id": 160585,
"question": "Where was Hana Mandlikova born?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 8529,
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of #3 ?",
"answer": "1943–1992",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 1943–1992 | [] | true | A country's military branch, which in the US contains the Air Defense Artillery, was unprepared for the invasion of Hana Mandlikova's birth country. When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the unprepared country? |
3hop1__622145_42197_18397 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests that the civilian portion of the death toll may have gone as high as 70%, compared to Lewy's estimates of 42% in World War II and 30%–46% in the Vietnam War. Data compiled by the Peace Research Institute Oslo lists just under 1 million battle deaths over the course of the Korean War (with aOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Boris Lagutin",
"paragraph_text": " 4-1\nFinal: Defeated Joseph Gonzales (France) by decision, 4-1\nMexico - 1968\n\nRound of 32: Defeated Moisés Fajardo (Spain) by RSC\nRound of 16: Defeated Sayed El-Nahas (Egypt) by RSC\nQuarterfinal: Defeated Ion Covaci (Romania) by decision, 5-0\nSemifBoris Nikolayevich Lagutin () (born 24 June 1938 in Moscow) was possibly the most celebrated of Soviet boxers. During his career as a boxer, he has won 241 fights and lost only 11. He won medals in three Olympic Games, including two golds, in 1964 and 1968. Lagutin also won at European championships in 1961 and 1963 and at USSR championships in 1959, 1961–64 and 1968. Until 1967 Lagutin trained at VSS Trud, then - at VSS Spartak. During the period of failures, that followed the 1964 Olympics, Lagutin was removed from the USSR team roster. Along with his trainer Vladimir Trenin Lagutin managed to find causes of his losses and earned USSR and Olympic Champion titles again in 1968.BBoris Nikolayevich Lagutin () (born 24 June 1938 in Moscow) was possibly the most celebrated of Soviet boxers. During his career as a boxer, he has won 241 fights and lost only 11. He won medals in three Olympic Games, including two golds, in 1964 and 1968. Lagutin also won at European championships in 1961 and 1963 and at USSR championships in 1959, 1961–64 and 1968. Until 1967 Lagutin trained at VSS Trud, then - at VSS Spartak. During the period of failures, that followed the 1964 Olympics, Lagutin was removed from the USSR team roster. Along with his trainer Vladimir Trenin Lagutin managed to find causes of his losses and earned USSR and Olympic Champion titles again in 1968. Lagutin managed to find causes of his losses and earned USSR and Olympic Champion titles again in 1968.\n\n\n== Olympic results ==\nRome - 1960\n\nRound of 32: Bye\nRound of 16: Defeated Alhassan Brimah (Ghana",
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country'Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where did the debater, who stated that Boris Lagutin's homeland had turned into an imperialist force, proclaim his participation in the Korean dispute? | [
{
"id": 622145,
"question": "Boris Lagutin >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 42197,
"question": "Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?",
"answer": "Mao Zedong",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 18397,
"question": "Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?",
"answer": "the Politburo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | the Politburo | [
"Politburo"
] | true | Where did the arguer that Boris Lagutin's country of citizenship had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict? |
2hop__144658_599630 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Ye Rongguang",
"paragraph_text": " in the world.\nYe has competed in the China national chess team in the Chess Olympiad three times (1988–92) (games played 35: +19 −5 =11), and twice at the World Team Chess Championships (1985–89) (games played 15: +8 −5 =2), winning bronze on 6th board in 1985. Ye also competed twice at the Asian Team Chess Championship (1987, 1991), with an overall record of 13 games (+11 −1 =1). He won an individual bronze medal and an individual gold in 1987 and 1991, respectively.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHe lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed vice-chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial blog\nYe Rongguang Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Chess games, New In Chess NICBase Online\nYe Rongguang player profile and games at Chessgames.comYe Rongguang (simplified Chinese: ������; traditional Chinese: ��������; pinyin: Yè Róngguāng; born October 3, 1963) is a retired Chinese chess grandmaster. In 1990, he became the first ever Chinese chess player to gain the title of Grandmaster. He was for more than ten years the coach of women's world chess champion Zhu Chen.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBorn in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Ye Rongguang competed at the 1990 Interzonal Tournament in Manila, where he finished in 44th place scoring 6/13 points. In the same year he won the Chinese Chess Championship. He reached his highest FIDE rating of 2545 in January 1991, when he was ranked 97th in the world.\nYe has competed in the China national chess team in the Chess Olympiad three times (1988–92) (games played 35: +19 −5 =11), and twice at the World Team Chess Championships (1985–89) (games played 15: +8 −5 =2), winning bronze on 6th board in 1985. Ye also competed twice at the Asian Team Chess Championship (1987, 1991), with an overall record of 13 games (+11 −1 =1). He won an individual bronze medal and an individual gold in 1987 and 1991, respectively.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHe lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed vice-chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial blog\nYe Rongguang Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Chess games, New In Chess NICBase Online\nYe Rongguang player profile and games at Chessgames.comYe Rongguang (simplified Chinese: ������; traditional Chinese: ��������; pinyin: Yè Róngguāng; born October 3, 1963) is a retired Chinese chess grandmaster. In 1990, he became the first ever Chinese chess player to gain the title of Grandmaster. He was for more than ten years the coach of women's world chess champion Zhu Chen.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBorn in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Ye Rongguang competed at the 1990 Interzonal Tournament in Manila, where he finished in 44th place scoring 6/13 points. In the same year he won the Chinese Chess Championship. He reached his highest FIDE rating of 2545 in January 1991, when he was ranked 97th in the world.\nYe has competed in the China national chess team in the Chess Olympiad three times (1988–92) (games played 35: +19 −5 =11), and twice at the World Team Chess Championships (1985–89) (games played 15: +8 −5 =2), winning bronze on 6th board in 1985. Ye also competed twice at the Asian Team Chess Championship (1987, 1991), with an overall record of 13 games (+11 −1 =1). He won an individual bronze medal and an individual gold in 1987 and 1991, respectively.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHe lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed vice-chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial blog\nYe Rongguang Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Chess games, New In Chess NICBase Online\nYe Rongguang player profileYe Rongguang (; born October 3, 1963 in Wenzhou, Zhejiang) is a retired Chinese chess Grandmaster, who in 1990, became the first ever Chinese player to gain the Grandmaster title. He was for more than ten years the coach of women's world chess champion Zhu Chen. He lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society.Ye Rongguang (simplified Chinese: ������; traditional Chinese: ��������; pYe Rongguang (; born October 3, 1963 in Wenzhou, Zhejiang) is a retired Chinese chess Grandmaster, who in 1990, became the first ever Chinese player to gain the Grandmaster title. He was for more than ten years the coach of women's world chess champion Zhu Chen. He lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society. women's world chess champion Zhu Chen.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBorn in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Ye Rongguang competed at the 1990 Interzonal Tournament in Manila, where he finished in 44th place scoring 6/13 points. In the same year he won the Chinese Chess Championship. He reached his highest FIDE rating of 2545 in January 1991, when he was ranked 97th in the world.\nYe has competed in the China national chess team in the Chess Olympiad three times (1988–92) (games played 35: +19 −5 =11), and twice at the World Team Chess Championships (1985–89) (games played 15: +8 −5 =2), winning bronze on 6th board in 1985. Ye also competed twice at the Asian Team Chess Championship (1987, 1991), with an overall record of 13 games (+11 −1 =1). He won an individual bronze medal and an individual gold in 1987 and 1991, respectively.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHe lives in the Netherlands, and was appointed vice-chairman of the Netherlands Chinese Photographic Society.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial blog\nYe Rongguang Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, Chess games, New In Chess NICBase Online\nYe Rongguang player profile and games at Chessgames.comYe Rongguang (simplified Chinese: ������; traditional Chinese: ��������; pinyin: Yè Róngguāng; born October 3, 1963) is a retired Chinese chess grandmaster. In 1990, he became the first ever Chinese chess player to gain the title of Grandmaster. He was for more than ten years the coach of women's world chess champion Zhu Chen.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBorn in Wenzhou, Zhejiang",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sanjiang Church",
"paragraph_text": " church to disrupt the area's feng shui (cosmic harmony), highlighting the tensions between indigenous religious groups and Christianity.\n\n\n== 2014 protests ==\nIn April 2014, thousands of Chinese Christians camped around a church to prevent it from being demolished after several crosses had been torn down. In February 2014, local officials began an antireligious campaign to demolish any church buildings that violated local regulations. Local Christians claim that Communist Party officials object to the bright, prominent crosses that some churches use to advertise their presence and want these crosses to be replaced with smaller crosses inside. Government officials claim that the building is structurally unsound.\n\n\n== Demolition ==\nAs of April 28, 2014, the entire church had been toppled over.\n\n\n== References ==Sanjiang Church (三江基������) was a Christian church located in Yongjia County, near Wenzhou, in Zhejiang Province, China. The church was completed in December 2013. The city of Wenzhou is a port city believed to have China's largest Christian community. Local Christians claim as many as 15 percent of the residents Christians with the majority being Protestant. British missionaries George and Grace Stott had set up churches in this area towards the end of the 19th century.\nThe Sanjiang Church was completed in 2013 after almost six years and after local Christians pooled together between 3.2 and 4.9 million US dollars (20-30 million yuan) for the construction costs. The building was large enough to hold up to 2,000 people with the church complex occupying more than 100,000 square feet of land. The church had been registered with the government authorities. The demolition was preceded by a petition by local believers of the Chinese folk faith accusing the church to disrupt the area's feng shui (cosmic harmony), highlighting the tensions between indigenous religious groups andSanjiang Church (三江基督教堂) was a Christian church located in Yongjia County, near Wenzhou, in Zhejiang Province, China. The church was completed in December 2013. The city of Wenzhou is a port city believed to have China's largest Christian community. Local Christians claim as many as 15 percent of the residents Christians with the majority being Protestant. British missionary George Stott had set up churches in this area towards the end of the 19th century.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which county was Ye Rongguang's place of birth? | [
{
"id": 144658,
"question": "What is the birthplace of Ye Rongguang?",
"answer": "Wenzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 599630,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Yongjia County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Yongjia County | [] | true | What county was Ye Rongguang born in? |
3hop1__568951_567566_84283 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Back of My Mind",
"paragraph_text": " chart in several other countries) and due in large part to the general decline in sales beginning with Another Page (1983), Cross was soon released from Warner Bros. \"Swept Away\" was previously heard on a few episodes of the TV show Growing Pains in 1987. It would be nearly three years until Cross signed a new recording contract with BMG and release a new album, Rendezvous, in 1992.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n=== Production ===\nProducer – Michael Omartian\nRecorded and Mixed by Terry Christian\nAdditional Recording – Tom Fouce and Mark Linett\nAssistant Engineers – Doug Carleton, Tom Leader, Laura Livingston, and Jeffrey Woodruff.\nProduction Coordination – Janet Southwell\nPhotography – Peter Lavery\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBack of My Mind at christophercross.comBack of My Mind is the fourth studio album by singer Christopher Cross, released in 1988 through Warner Bros. Records. After both the album and its singles failed to chart in the United States (although \"I Will (Take You Forever)\" did chart in several other countries) and due in large part to the general decline in sales beginning with Another Page (1983), Cross was soon released from Warner Bros. \"Swept Away\" was previously heard on a few episodes of the TV show Growing Pains in 1987. It would be nearly three years until Cross signed a new recording contract with BMG and release a new album, Rendezvous, in 1992.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n===Back of My Mind is the fourth studio album by singer Christopher Cross, released in 1988 through Warner Bros. Records. After both the album and its singles failed to chart in the United States (although \"I Will (Take You Forever)\" did chart in several other countries) and due in large part to the general declineBack of My Mind is the fourth studio album by singer Christopher Cross, released in 1988 through Warner Bros. Records. After both the album and its singles failed to chart in the United States (although \"I Will (Take You Forever)\" did chart in several other countries) and due in large part to the general decline in sales beginning with \"Another Page\" (1983), Cross was soon released from Warner Bros. \"Swept Away\" was previously heard on a few episodes of the TV show \"Growing Pains\" in 1987. It would be nearly five years until Cross signed a new recording contract with BMG and release a new album, \"Rendezvous\", in 1993.== Personnel ==\n\n\n=== Production ===\nProducer – Michael Omartian\nRecorded and Mixed by Terry Christian\nAdditional Recording – Tom Fouce and Mark Linett\nAssistant Engineers – Doug Carleton, Tom Leader, Laura Livingston, and Jeffrey Woodruff.\nProduction Coordination – Janet Southwell\nPhotography – Peter Lavery\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBack of My Mind at christophercross.comBack of My Mind is the fourth studio album by singer Christopher Cross, released in 1988 through Warner Bros. Records. After both the album and its singles failed to chart in the United States (although \"I Will (Take You Forever)\" did chart in several other countries) and due in large part to the general decline in sales beginning with Another Page (1983), Cross was soon released from Warner Bros. \"Swept Away\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Every Turn of the World",
"paragraph_text": "artian, John Bettis) - 4:27\n\"Swing Street\" (Christopher Cross, Michael Omartian, Will Jennings) - 4:14\n\"Love Found a Home\" (Christopher Cross) - 3:29\n\"That Girl\" (Christopher Cross, John BettEvery Turn of the World is the third studio album by Christopher Cross, recorded and released in 1985. The album is notable for its harder rocking sound and often lacking the pop ballads that dominated the sound of previous albums. Though the album itself peaked at No. 127 on the \"Billboard\" 200, the only single from the album to chart, \"Charm the Snake\", peaked only at No. 68 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The other two singles from the album, the title track and \"Love Is Love (In Any Language)\", failed to chart.Every Turn of the World is the third studio album by Christopher Cross, recorded and released in 1985. The album is notable for its harder rocking sound and often lacking the pop ballads that dominated the sound of previous albums. Though the album itself peaked at No. 127 on the \"Billboard\" 200, the only single from the album to chart, \"Charm the Snake\", peaked only at No. 68 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The other two singles from the album, the title track and \"Love Is Love (In Any Language)\", failed to chart.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": "Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Whose ownership is credited with the record label for the artist who performs Every Turn of the World? | [
{
"id": 568951,
"question": "Every Turn of the World >> performer",
"answer": "Christopher Cross",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 567566,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
] | true | Who owns the record label of the Every Turn of the World performer? |
2hop__785711_73244 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Orange River",
"paragraph_text": " border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.\nAt the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern borderOrange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).rikaans as Gariep River with the intrusion of a velar fricative in place of the alveolar click, Groote River (derived from Kai !Garib) or Senqu River (used in Lesotho), derived from ��Nū \"Black\". It is known in isiZulu as isAngqu.\n\n\n== Course ==\n\nThe Orange rises in the Drakensberg mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 193 km (120 mi) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The extremity of the Orange River inside Lesotho is known as the Senqu. Parts of the Senqu River freeze in winter because of the high altitude. This creates droughts downstream, which mainly affect goat and cattle production.\n\nThe Orange River then runs westward through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section, the river flows first into the Gariep Dam and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.\nAt the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern border of the province. From here, the river flows further westward through the arid wilderness of the southern Kalahari region and Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province to meet with Namibia at 20°E longitude. From here, it flows westward for 550 km (340 mi), forming the international border between the province and Namibia's ��Karas Region. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia.\n\nIn the last 800 km (500 mi) of its course, the Orange receives many intermittent streams, and several large wadis lead into it. In this section, the Namib Desert terminates on the north bank of the river, so under normal circumstances, the volume of water added by these trib",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "R359 (South Africa)",
"paragraph_text": " R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern CapeThe R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.The R359 is a regional route in the Northern CapeThe R359 is a regional route in the Northern Cape province of South Africa that runs along the south bank of the Orange River from Augrabies Falls through Augrabies and Kakamas to Upington.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | From where does the river that includes the Augrabies Falls originate? | [
{
"id": 785711,
"question": "Augrabies Falls >> part of",
"answer": "Orange River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 73244,
"question": "where is the origin of #1",
"answer": "Thaba Putsoa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Thaba Putsoa | [] | true | Where is the origin of the river Augrabies Falls is part of? |
3hop1__106900_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dahsyat",
"paragraph_text": ") and with Cut Tari.\nRaffi Ahmad's house was raided by police looking for drugs, including marijuana and methylone in 2013. Indonesia's agency responsible for monitoring narcotics charged Ahmad with possession and distribution of category one narcotics; Ahmad spent three months in an outpatient drug rehabilitation clinic.\nThe Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) repeatedly reprimanded Olga Syahputra for coarse humor, which included references to male genitalia and jokes about transvestites, rape and, overweight people. He subsequently died in Singapore on March 27, 2015 of meningitis.\n\n\n=== Fixed presenter ===\n\n\n=== Co-presenter ===\n\n\n=== Former presenters ===\n\n\n== Popularity ==\nThe daily Dahsyat show draws millions of viewers.\nOn 12 Dec 2014, the show had a TVR of 1.3 and a share of 12.7%, ranking it 62nd. On 14 Dec 2014, the show had a TVR of 2.0 and a share of 18.7%, ranking it 25th.\nDahsyat has made efforts to improve ratings. The show followed SCTV's Eat Bulaga! Indonesia's by offering prizes and instituted the new Gaspol format focused on dance events, similar to Trans TV's Yuk Keep Smile's Caesar Dance. However, the show's programming has been widely criticized by viewers for a decline in music, increased attention on the presenters' personal lives, long advertisements, and frequent presenter changes. These criticisms have been compounded by both the success of rival show Inbox on SCTVDahsyat (or Strikes, also stylized as dahSyat) is an Indonesian television show broadcast daily on Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia (RCTI). The first episode of \"Dahsyat\" aired on 24 March 2008 to 19 January 2018. The show broadcasts subject matter related to music, and each show is two hours long. It was initially presented by Olga Syahputra, Raffi Ahmad, and Luna Maya. Presenters have since included a variety of actors, directors, comedians, and musicians.DahDahsyat (or Strikes, also stylized as dahSyat) is an Indonesian television show broadcast daily on Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia (RCTI). The first episode of \"Dahsyat\" aired on 24 March 2008 to 19 January 2018. The show broadcasts subject matter related to music, and each show is two hours long. It was initially presented by Olga Syahputra, Raffi Ahmad, and Luna Maya. Presenters have since included a variety of actors, directors, comedians, and musicians., Indonesian TV audiences voted Dahsyat their Favorite Music & Variety Show in the Panasonic Awards for five consecutive years from 2010 to 2014 and 2016. In 2016, Dahsyat subsequently had winning for Most Popular Morning Program at the Indonesian Television Awards.\n\n\n== Dahsyat presenters ==\nThe Dahsyat presenters have not been immune to controversy during the show's lengthy run.\nIn June 2010, Luna Maya left the show after video clips surfaced allegedly showing her taking part in sex acts with Ariel from the band, Peterpan (now known as Noah) and with Cut Tari.\nRaffi Ahmad's house was raided by police looking for drugs, including marijuana and methylone in 2013. Indonesia's agency responsible for monitoring narcotics charged Ahmad with possession and distribution of category one narcotics; Ahmad spent three months in an outpatient drug rehabilitation clinic.\nThe Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) repeatedly reprimanded Olga Syahputra for coarse humor, which included references to male genitalia and jokes about transvestites, rape and, overweight people. He subsequently died in Singapore on March 27, 2015 of meningitis.\n\n\n=== Fixed presenter ===\n\n\n=== Co-presenter ===\n\n\n=== Former presenters ===\n\n\n== Popularity ==\nThe daily Dahsyat show draws millions of viewers.\nOn 12 Dec 2014, the show had a TVR of 1.3 and a share of 12.7%, ranking it 62nd. On 14 Dec 2014, the show had a TVR of 2.0 and a share of 18.7%, ranking it 25th.\nDahsyat has made efforts to improve ratings. The show followed SCTV's Eat Bulaga! Indonesia's by offering prizes and instituted the new Gaspol format focused on dance events, similar to Trans TV's Yuk Keep Smile's Caesar Dance. However, the show's programming has been widely criticized by viewers for a decline in music, increased attention on the presenters' personal lives, long advertisements, and frequent presenter changes. These criticisms have been compounded by both the success of rival show Inbox on SCTVDahsyat (or Strikes, also stylized as dahSyat) is an Indonesian television show broadcast daily on Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia (RCTI). The first episode of \"Dahsyat\" aired on 24 March 2008 to 19 January 2018. The show broadcasts subject matter related to music, and each show is two hours long. It was initially presented by Olga Syahputra, Raffi Ahmad, and Luna Maya. Presenters have since included a variety of actors, directors, comedians, and musicians.Dahsyat (lit. transl.��Strikes, also stylized as dahSyat) is an Indonesian television show broadcast daily on Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia (RCTI). The first episode of Dahsyat since 24 March 2008. The show broadcasts subject matter related to music, and each show is two hours long. It was initially presented by Olga Syahputra, Raffi Ahmad, and Luna Maya. Presenters have since included a variety of actors, directors, comedians, and musicians.\nAs evidence of its popularity, Indonesian TV audiences voted Dahsyat their Favorite Music & Variety Show in the Panasonic Awards for five consecutive years from 2010 to 2014 and 2016. In 2016, Dahsyat subsequently had winning for Most Popular Morning Program at the Indonesian Television Awards.\n\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian NationalThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbenoDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.\nAfter the re-establishment of the independence of East Timor in 2002, the East Timorese government requested that the name Timor-Leste be used in place of \"East Timor\". This is to avoid the Indonesian term and its reminder of the Indonesian occupation.\n\n\n== Government ==\nAs with all provinces of Indonesia, executive authority was vested in a Governor and Vice-Governor elected by the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) every five years. Legislative authority was vested in the DPRD, both in province and regency level.\n\n\n=== Governors ===\n\nBelow are governors of East Timor Province from 1976 to 1999:\n\n\n=== Regional Representative Council ===\nComposition of the Regional Representative Council between 1980 and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds the presidency in the recently formed nation that created a Truth and Friendship Commission in collaboration with the country that airs Dahsyat? | [
{
"id": 106900,
"question": "What is the country Dahsyat is from?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the new country that jointly established a Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country that broadcasts Dahsyat? |
4hop1__443274_17130_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the largest in the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt and Israel. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian GulfThe area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic. Islam, the world's second-largest religion, emerged in what is now Saudi Arabia in the early seventh century. Islamic prophet Muhammad united the population of the Arabian Peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers expanded Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering territories in North Africa, Central, South Asia and Iberia within decades. Arab dynasties originating from modern-day Saudi Arabia founded the Rashidun (632–661), Umayyad (661The area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, whileThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.\n\n\n== Boundaries ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This section of the border with Yemen was demarcated in 1934 and is one of the few clearly defined borders with a neighbouring country",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sar-El",
"paragraph_text": " the volunteers arrived in Israel as part of the organization from the United States and from France. Volunteers are employed in a few weeks the IDF workshops – usually related jobs in maintenance and Logistics. Many volunteers come from the US organized by a US-based non-profit organization Volunteers for Israel. Sar-El had 881 volunteers from the United States in 2015, although volunteers have come from over 60 countries. Sar-El accepts both Jewish and non-Jewish supporters of Israel from the age of 17 upwards.\nIn 1988, the association was awarded the Speaker's Prize.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial websiteSar-El (Hebrew: שר-אל; lit. The National Project for Volunteers for Israel or Service for Israel), is a non-profit service organization, subordinate and under the direction of the Israeli Logistics Corps, for Israeli citizens living abroad, and who now wish to finalize their status with the military. The program is also open to non-Israeli citizens who wish to participate in a service program akin to national service, without enlisting in the Israeli Defense Forces. The program usually consists of three weeks of volunteer service on different rear army or air force bases, doing non-combative work. The program also has one and two week service periods. In the case of non-Israelis, they must be aged 17 years or older (or 16 if accompanied by a parent), and in the case of Israeli citizens, they must be 30 years of age or older, and have for some reason or another not completed their national service requirement.\nThe association was founded in spring 1983 by Yehuda Meir Indor and Cantors. Aharon Davidi, an Israeli general, was invited to be the first director of the organisation. Most of the volunteers arrived in Israel as part of the organization from the United States and from France. Volunteers are employed in a few weeks the IDF workshops – usually related jobs in maintenance and Logistics. Many volunteers come from the US organized by a US-based non-profit organization Volunteers for Israel. Sar-El had 881 volunteers from the United States in 2015, although volunteers have come from over 60 countries. Sar-El accepts both Jewish and non-Jewish supporters of Israel from the age of 17 upwards.\nIn 1988, the association was awarded the Speaker's Prize.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial websiteSar-El (Hebrew: שר-The association was founded in spring 1983 by Yehuda Meir Indor and Cantors. Aharon Davidi, an Israeli general, was invited to be the first director of the organisation. Most of the volunteers arrived in Israel as part of the organization from the United States and from France. Volunteers are employed in a few weeks the IDF workshopsThe association was founded in spring 1983 by Yehuda Meir Indor and Cantors. Aharon Davidi, an Israeli general, was invited to be the first director of the organisation. Most of the volunteers arrived in Israel as part of the organization from the United States and from France. Volunteers are employed in a few weeks the IDF workshops – usually related jobs in maintenance and Logistics. Most volunteers from the US come in groups organized by a US-based non-profit organization Volunteers for Israel. However, Sar-El had 881 volunteers from the United States in 2015.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": "Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country is situated in the Middle East at the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea. It shares land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories (which are claimed by the State of Palestine and are partially controlled by Israel) comprising the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. It contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv while Jerusalem is both the self-designated capital and most populous individual city under the country's governmental administration. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.[note 1]",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the establishment date of the territory positioned north of the nation where Sar-El resides and the Persian Gulf? | [
{
"id": 443274,
"question": "Sar-El >> country",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 17130,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Middle East",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and the persian gulf",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the region that lies to the north of the country where Sar-El is located and the Persian Gulf established? |
3hop2__91678_90098_10557 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "SilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), KenyanSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period. period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian musician and ornithologist\nSilvester Fernandes (born ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n \nThe Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and theCharlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Holy Roman Emperor",
"paragraph_text": "Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman EmperorEmperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum, German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum, German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit.��'Roman-German emperor'), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of king of Italy (Rex Italiae) from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of king of Germany (Rex Teutonicorum, lit. \"King of the Teutons\") throughout the 12th to 18th centuries.\nThe Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among medieval Catholic monarchs, because the empire was considered by the Catholic Church to be the only successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Thus, in theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered primus inter pares, regarded as first among equals among other Catholic monarchs across Europe.\nFrom an autocracy in Carolingian times (AD 800–924), the title by the 13th century evolved into an elective monarchy, with the emperor chosen by the prince-electors.\nVarious royal houses of Europe, at different times, became de facto hereditary holders of the title, notably the Ottonians (962–1024) and the Salians (1027–1125). Following the late medieval crisis of government, the Habsburgs kept possession of the title with only one interruption from 1740 to 1745. The final emperors were from the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, from 1765 to 1806. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved by Francis II, after a devastating defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.\nThe emperor was widely perceived to rule by divine right, though he often contradicted or rivaled the pope, most notably during the Investiture controversy. The Holy Roman Empire never had an empress regnant, though women such as Theophanu and Maria Theresa exerted strong influence. Throughout its history, the position was viewed as a defender of the Catholic faith. Until Maximilian I in 1508, the Emperor-elect (Imperator electus) was required to be crowned by the pope before assuming the imperial title. Charles V was the last to be crowned by the pope in 1530. Even after the Reformation, the elected emperor was always a Catholic. There were short periods in history when the electoral college was dominated by Protestants, and the electors usually voted in their own political interest.\n\n\n== Title ==\n\nFrom the time of Constantine I (r.��306–337), the Roman emperors had, with very few exceptions, taken on a role as promoters and defenders of Christianity. The reign of Constantine established a precedent for the position of the Christian emperor in the Church. Emperors considered themselves responsible to God for the spiritual health of their subjects, and after Constantine they had a duty to help the Church define and maintain orthodoxy. The emperor's role was to enforce doctrine, root out heresy, and uphold ecclesiastical unity. Both the title and connection between Emperor and Church continued in the Eastern Roman Empire throughout the medieval period (in exile during 1204–1261). The ecumenical councils of the 5th to 8th centuries were convoked by the Eastern Roman Emperors.\nIn Western Europe, the title of Emperor in the West lapsed after the death of Julius Nepos in 480, although the rulers of the barbarian kingdoms continued to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the linguistic origin of the surname Sylvester, which was utilized during the epoch of the inaugural Holy Roman Emperor, subsequently recognized as? | [
{
"id": 91678,
"question": "who was crowned the first holy roman emperor",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the form of the language that the last name Sylvester comes from, used in the era of the first Holy Roman Emperor, later known as? |
4hop2__160585_39078_8987_8974 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubč",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Police",
"paragraph_text": " context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Police forces have become ubiquitous and a necessity in complex modern societies. However, their role can sometimes be controversial, as they may be involved to varying degrees in corruption, brutality, and the enforcement of authoritarian rule.\nA police force may also be referred to as a police department, police service, constabulary, gendarmerie, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard, or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal and similar terms can be seen in many non-English speaking countries.\nNumerous slang terms exist for the police. Many slang terms for police officers are decades or centuries old with lost etymologies. One of the oldest, cop, has largely lost its slang connotations and become a common colloIn the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were supplemented by private contractors, notably the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, which was hired by individuals, businessmen, local governments and the federal government. At its height, the Pinkerton Agency's numbers exceeded those of the United States Army.[citation needed] the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing. Police forces are usually public sector services, funded through taxes.\nLaw enforcement is only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Police forces have become ubiquitous and a necessity in complex modern societies. However, their role can sometimes be controversial, as they may be involved to varying degrees in corruption, brutality, and the enforcement of authoritarian rule.\nA police force may also be referred to as a police department, police service, constabulary, gendarmerie, crime prevention, protective services, law enforcement agency, civil guard, or civic guard. Members may be referred to as police officers, troopers, sheriffs, constables, rangers, peace officers or civic/civil guards. Ireland differs from other English-speaking countries by using the Irish language terms Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural), for both the national police force and its members. The word police is the most universal and similar terms can be seen in many non-English speaking countries.\nNumerous slang terms exist for the police. Many slang terms for police officers are decades or centuries old with lost etymologies. One of the oldest, cop, has largely lost its slang connotations and become a common colloquial term used both by the public and police officers to refer to their profession.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nFirst attested in English in the early 15th century, originally in a range of senses encompassing '(public) policy; state; public order', the word police comes from Middle French police ('public order, administration, government'), in turn from Latin politia, which is the romanization of the Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeia) '",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the AustIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_text": " German Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia.CSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia. Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (the territories of southern Slovakia with a predominantly Hungarian population to Hungary and Zaolzie with a predominantly Polish population to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and Carpathian Ruthenia became part of Hungary, while the German Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech and Slovak: ��eskoslovensko, ��esko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (the territories of southern Slovakia with a predominantly Hungarian population to Hungary and Zaolzie with a predominantly Polish population to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and Carpathian Ruthenia became part of Hungary, while the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed in the remainder of the Czech Lands. In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, former Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš formed a government-in-exile and sought recognition from the Allies. \nAfter World War II, Czechoslovakia was reestablished under its pre-1938 borders, with the exception of Carpathian Ruthenia, which became part of the Ukrainian SSR (a republic of the Soviet Union). The Communist Party seized power in a coup in 1948. From 1948 to 1989, Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc with a planned economy. Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949 and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of 1955. A period of political liberalization in 1968, the Prague Spring, ended when the Soviet Union, assisted by other Warsaw Pact countries, invaded Czechoslovakia. In 1989, as Marxist–Leninist governments and communism were ending all over Central and Eastern Europe, Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their communist government during the Velvet Revolution, which began on 17 November 1989 and ended 11 days later on 28 November when all of the top Communist leaders and Communist party itself resigned. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nForm of state\n1918–1937: A democratic republic championed by Tomáš Masaryk.\n1938–1939: After the annexation of Sudetenland by Nazi Germany in 1938, the region gradually turned into a state with loosened connections among the Czech, Slovak, and Ruthenian parts. A strip of southern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia was redeemed by Hungary, and the Trans-Olza region was annexed by Poland.\n1939–1945: The remainder of the state was dismembered and became split into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic, while the rest of Carpathian Ruthenia was occupied and annexed by Hungary. A government-in-exile continued to exist in London, supported by the United Kingdom, United States and their Allies; after the German invasion of Soviet Union, it was also recognized by the Soviet Union. Czechoslovakia adhered to the Declaration by",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which location was the sole embassy of Country B, the only Communist nation, that was invaded by Hana Mandlikova's birthplace, Country A, due to the unpreparedness of the military wing assisting the police of the Old West? | [
{
"id": 160585,
"question": "Where was Hana Mandlikova born?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 39078,
"question": "Which military branch helped the Old West's inadequate local police?",
"answer": "The Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 8974,
"question": "#3 was the only communist country to have an embassy where?",
"answer": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay | [
"Alfredo Stroessner"
] | true | Hana Mandlikova was born in Country A that invaded Country B because the military branch that helped Old West's local police was unprepared. Country B was the only communist country to have an embassy where? |
3hop2__57186_89048_66294 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Jacksons: An American Dream",
"paragraph_text": " Off the Wall and Thriller, the commercial mishap that caused his hair to ignite, and his legendary Motown 25 performance of \"Billie Jean\", as well as confronting his difficult relationship with his estranged father in the 1980s.\nMichael Jackson's voice is heard on: \"Beat It\", \"Human Nature\", \"Billie Jean\", \"I Want You Back\", \"I Wanna Be Where You Are\", \"I'll Be There\", \"Rockin' Robin\", \"ABC\", and \"Dancing Machine\". On all other songs, the Michael Jackson vocal part is performed by Anthony Harrell, Jason Weaver or Kipp Lennon.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nLawrence Hilton Jacobs as Joe Jackson\nAngela Bassett as Katherine Jackson\nHolly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross\nMargaret Avery as Martha Scruse\nBilly Dee Williams as Berry Gordy\nVanessa Williams as Suzanne de Passe\nWylie Draper as Michael Jackson\nAbolLawrence Hilton - Jacobs - Joseph Jackson Angela Bassett - Katherine Jackson Holly Robinson Peete - Diana Ross Margaret Avery - Martha Scruse Billy Dee Williams - Berry Gordy Vanessa Williams - Suzanne de Passe Wylie Draper - Michael Jackson Abolade David Olatunde - Michael Jackson (baby) Alex Burrall - Michael Jackson (ages 6 -- 8) Jason Weaver - Michael Jackson (ages 9 -- 14) Colin Steele - Jermaine Jackson Jermaine Jackson II - Jermaine Jackson (ages 10 -- 17) Terrence Howard - Jackie Jackson Bumper Robinson - Jackie Jackson (ages 12 -- 16) Monica Calhoun - Rebbie Jackson Ebonie Smith - La Toya Jackson Kelli Martin - La Toya Jackson (ages 8 -- 10) Angel Vargas - Tito Jackson Shakiem Jamar Evans - Tito Jackson (ages 11 -- 15) Maya Nicole Johnson - Janet Jackson Monica Allison - Hazel Gordy Robert Redcross - Randy Jackson Nicolas Phillips - Randy Jackson (age 7 - 9) Marcus Maurice - Marlon Jackson Floyd Myers, Jr. - Marlon Jackson (age 7 - 9) Jacen Wilkerson - Marlon Jackson (ages 10 -- 15) the performances of Hilton-Jacobs and Bassett received widespread acclaim.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe opening sequence of the film features footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing and performing on stage, a few clips from the \"Can You Feel It\" music video, album covers, magazine covers, a snippet from their cartoon, and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, and issued in 1990, entitled My Family. The entire mini-series spans a period of about 40 years.\nAct 1 of the film is based on young Katherine and Joseph meeting and courting in the 1940s and showing how they managed to start out raising their children in Gary, Indiana in the 1950s and 1960s, how Joseph discovers the children have talent and starts entering them in talent shows, and finally how the Jackson 5 go on to have early fame and face its consequences in the late 1960s.\nAct 2 of the film deals with the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he faces his brothers marrying early into the Jackson 5's success, his problems with",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Is She Really Going Out with Him?",
"paragraph_text": "``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 197",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "She's Out of My Life",
"paragraph_text": " had already written that song by the time Karen and I became romantic. That song was written more about Rhonda Rivera... Rhonda and I had been together for two years, and it was after we broke up that I started dating Karen.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nProducer Quincy Jones originally intended to save the song for Frank Sinatra. However, he wanted Jackson to record material with more mature themes and \"feel the full range of his voice,\" so he decided to bring the song to Jackson's attention.\nA poignant moment in the song occurs near the end when Jackson begins to break down in tears as he sings the final line. Although he had attempted to record the song's last few moments with emotional restraint, after numerous tries he continued to end the rendition the same—by breaking down in tears. Jones subsequently let Jackson's tearful recording stand:\n\n\"She's Out of My Life\", I'd been carrying around for about three years—you can feel the pain in it, you know. And I held on to it and finally something said 'this is the right moment to give it to Michael'.\nAnd when we recorded it with``She's Out of My Life ''is a song written by American songwriter Tom Bahler and performed by American recording artist Michael Jackson. Although it has been claimed that Bahler wrote the song about Karen Carpenter, Bahler stated,`` The fact is, I had already written that song by the time Karen and I became romantic. That song was written more about Rhonda Rivera... Rhonda and I had been together for two years, and it was after we broke up that I started dating Karen.'' The song has been covered by a variety of artists, including Patti LaBelle, Ginuwine, 98 °, S Club 7, Barbara Mandrell, Daniel Evans, Nina, Willie Nelson, Josh Groban, and Karel Gott.\"She's Out of My Life\" is a song written by American songwriter Tom Bahler and performed by American singer Michael Jackson. The song was released as the fourth single from Jackson's 1979 album Off the Wall released in April 1980. In 200``She's Out of My Life ''is a song written by American songwriter Tom Bahler and performed by American recording artist Michael Jackson. Although it has been claimed that Bahler wrote the song about Karen Carpenter, Bahler stated,`` The fact is, I had already written that song by the time Karen and I became romantic. That song was written more about Rhonda Rivera... Rhonda and I had been together for two years, and it was after we broke up that I started dating Karen.'' The song has been covered by a variety of artists, including Patti LaBelle, Ginuwine, 98 °, S Club 7, Barbara Mandrell, Daniel Evans, Nina, Willie Nelson, Josh Groban, and Karel Gott. of artists, including Patti LaBelle, Shirley Bassey, Ginuwine, 98°, S Club 7, Barbara Mandrell, Daniel Evans, Nina, Willie Nelson, Josh Groban, Gloria Lynne, and Karel Gott.\n\n\n== Background ==\nUnlike the album's previous singles, which are all uptempo dance-oriented funk and disco songs, \"She's Out of My Life\" is an emotional ballad. The song has a tempo of 66 beats per minute, making it one of Jackson's slowest songs.\nThe song is about a painful breakup. It has been claimed that Bahler wrote the song about Karen Carpenter, whom Bahler had briefly dated. However, he has",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the film where "She's Out of My Life" was sung, who was the performer of the song "Is She Really Going Out with Him?" | [
{
"id": 57186,
"question": "who sang she's out of my life",
"answer": "Michael Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 89048,
"question": "who sang is she really going out with him",
"answer": "Joe Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 66294,
"question": "who played #2 in the #1 movie",
"answer": "Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs | [] | true | who played who sang is she really going out with him in the who sang she's out of my life movie? |
3hop1__458916_651917_47686 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": " later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto'sThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal. \n\nAfter purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.\nThe bus bays on the south side of the building were decommissioned and the area converted into a Green P paid parking lot. The waiting area and newsstand in the Elizabeth Street Terminal were closed in 2010 with only the bus platform on the north of the building remaining open to the public for bus arrivals. Due to limited space, buses would park overnight along Edward Street and Chestnut Street.\nA renovation of the main terminal building occurred in 1990, tripled the main terminal's floor space to 2,500 square metres, creating more seating for waiting passengers (250 seats rather than 100). This was done by demolishing the interior wall separating the main building from the bus bays and replacing it with a glass wall several metres to the west, reducing the space allotted for bus bays. The bus shed is configured into seven lanes, with room for two buses in each lane. The 40-seat lunch counter-style restaurant which had been on the main floor was removed and replaced by an upstairs restaurant and bar seating 150, with railings overlooking main floor enclosed with glass. The restaurant was unable to attract enough passengers to sustain itself and the vendor instead was given space to run a snack bar on the main floor and a passenger lounge and bar in the basement, leaving the upstairs area to be converted to office space. An enclosed pedestrian walkway, with lockers lining the south wall, was built on the south side of the bus shed connecting the main terminal building with Elizabeth Street allowing passengers to walk from the main building to Elizabeth Street,",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Kevin Drew",
"paragraph_text": " Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton, Amy Millan, and Jason Collett.\nThe group's sound combines elements of all of its members' respective musical projects, and is occasionally considered baroque pop. It includes grand orchestrations featuring guitars, horns, woodwinds, and violins, unusual song structures, and an experimental, and sometimes chaotic production style from David Newfeld, who produced the second and third albums.\nStuart Berman's This Book Is Broken (2009) covers the band from its inception to its critical acclaim. In 2010, Bruce McDonald made This Movie Is Broken, a movie about the band's Harbourfront show during the 2009 Toronto strike.\nThe collective and their respective projects have had a broad influence on alternative music and indie rock during the early 21st century, in 2021 Pitchfork listed the band among the \"most important artists\" of the last 25 years.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Feel Good Lost ===\nThe band was formed in 1999 by core members Kevin Drew and Brendan Canning. This duo recorded and released the band's ambient debut album, Feel Good Lost, on Noise Factory Records in 2001, with contributions by Justin Peroff, Charles Spearin, Bill Priddle, Leslie Feist, Jessica Moss and Stars' Evan Cranley.\nDrew and Canning's material at the time was almost entirely instrumental, so they brought together musicians from the Toronto indie scene, the album contributors as well as Andrew Whiteman, Jason Collett, and Metric's Emily Haines, to flesh out their live show with lyrics and vocals. Over time, the band came to include contributions from James Shaw, Justin Peroff, John Crossingham, and Stars member Amy Millan.\n\n\n=== You Forgot It in People ===\nAll of the musicians from the live show joined Drew, Canning, Peroff and Spearin to record the band's second album, You Forgot It in People. The album was produced by David Newfeld and released on Paper Bag Records in October 2002 and won the Alternative Album of the Year Juno Award in 2003. The album also included musical contributions by Priddle, Jessica Moss, Brodie West, Susannah Brady and Ohad Benchetrit, but these were credited as supporting musicians rather than band members. On the supporting tour, the core band consisted of Drew, Canning, Peroff, Whiteman and Jason Collett, along whichever band members were available on each show date.\nIn 2003, the B-sides and remix collection Bee Hives was released.\nBroken Social Scene's song \"Lover's Spit\" from 2002's You Forgot It in People has been featured in director Clément Virgo's movie Lie with Me (2005), Paul McGuigan's Wicker Park (2004), Bruce McDonald's The Love Crimes of Gillian Guess (2004), Showtime's Queer as Folk (2003) and the penultimate episode of the Canadian series Terminal City (2005). The version of \"Lover's Spit\" found on 2004's Bee Hives record was also featured in an episode of the third season of the FX series Nip/Tuck. Showtime's television program The L Word featured \"Pacific Theme\" and \"Looks Just Like the Sun\", both from You Forgot It in People, in the show's first season. \"Lover's Spit\" is referenced in the 2013 Lorde song, \"Ribs\". \"Looks Just Like the Sun\" was featured in the 2006 film Swedish Auto. \"Stars and Sons\" from You Forgot It in People also appeared in the movie The Invisible. Music from the band's albums was used to score the 2006 film Half Nelson.\n\n\n=== Broken Social Scene ===\nBroken Social Scene released theirKevin Drew (born September 9, 1976) is a Canadian musician and songwriter who, together with Brendan Canning, founded the expansive Toronto baroque-pop collective Broken Social Scene. He was also part of the lesser-known KC Accidental, which consisted of Drew and Charles Spearin, another current member of Broken Social Scene.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Spirit If...",
"paragraph_text": "Spirit If... is the debut solo album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on September 18, 2007. The album is the first in a series entitled \"Broken Social Scene Presents:\", with each album in the series being a particular member's solo efforts, assisted by fellow Broken Social Scene members. Brendan Canning's album \"Something for All of Us\", the second in the series, was released in 2008.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the hometown of the artist who performs Spirit If..., from what location do the greyhound buses depart? | [
{
"id": 458916,
"question": "Spirit If... >> performer",
"answer": "Kevin Drew",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 651917,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Toronto Coach Terminal | [] | true | Where do greyhound buses leave from in the birthplace of Spirit If...'s performer? |
3hop1__28841_547811_80702 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)",
"paragraph_text": " of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera assigns the title role to a bass. The third act is missing and the rest of the score (evidently used in performances by the composer) is incomplete. Two arias are lost, seven arias are incomplete (only the bass part is extant) and three arias are identical with extant arias in RV 727 and RV 729.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe French label Naïve, which had already recorded the more famous Orlando furioso and Orlando finto pazzo for its Vivaldi Edition, released a recording of the July 20, 2012 première at the Festival de Beaune, with Sardelli conducting Modo Antiquo and singers including Riccardo Novaro as Orlando, Gaëlle Arquez as Angelica, Romina Basso as Alcina and Teodora Gheorghiu as Bradamante. Given the heavily defective nature of the surviving manuscript, Sardelli had to reconstruct orOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.Orlando furioso RVOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.\n\n\n== Authorship ==\nFederico Maria Sardelli, according to the studies of Reinhard Strohm, argues that Orlando RV 819 was entirely recomposed by Vivaldi, starting from the original Ristori's opera that Vivaldi himself had already changed during the numerous representations of the season 1713. He assigned to it the catalogue number RV 819. One suggestion is that Vivaldi avoided putting his own name on the opera having himself only recently taken direction of the Teatro San Angelo. Against this others consider that the bulk of the opera is a copy of Ristori's lost work.\n\n\n== Opera ==\nUnlike the Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727, in which the role of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera assigns the title role to a bass. The third act is missing and the rest of the score (evidently used in performances by the composer) is incomplete. Two arias are lost, seven arias are incomplete (only the bass part is extant) and three arias are identical with extant arias in RV 727 and RV 729.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe French label Naïve, which had already recorded the more famous Orlando furioso and Orlando finto pazzo for its Vivaldi Edition, released a recording of the July 20, 2012 première at the Festival de Beaune, with Sardelli conducting Modo Antiquo and singers including Riccardo Novaro as Orlando, Gaëlle Arquez as Angelica, Romina Basso as Alcina and Teodora Gheorghiu as Bradamante. Given the heavily defective nature of the surviving manuscript, Sardelli had to reconstruct orOrlando furioso RV 819 (,",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mandolin",
"paragraph_text": "Mandarin ( MAN-dər-in; simplified Chinese: ��话; traditional Chinese: ��話; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'officials' speech') is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language of China. Because Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin dialects are found in the north, the group is sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese (simplified Chinese: ��方话; traditional Chinese: ��方話; pinyin: Běifānghuà; lit. 'northern speech'). Many varieties of Mandarin, such as those of the Southwest (including Sichuanese) and the Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the standard language (or are only partially intelligible). Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers (with nearly one billion).\nMandarin is by far the largest of the Chinese dialect groups; it is spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. This is generally attributed to the greater ease of travel and communication in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of Mandarin to frontier areas.\nMost Mandarin varieties have four tones. The final stops of Middle Chinese have disappeared in most of these varieties, but some have merged them as a final glottal stop. Many Mandarin varieties, including the Beijing dialect, retain retroflex initial consonants, which have been lost in southern varieties of Chinese.\nThe Chinese capital has been within the Mandarin-speaking area for mostAntonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).Mandarin ( MAN-dər-in; simplified Chinese: ��话; traditional Chinese: ��話; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'officials' speech') is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language of China. Because Mandarin originated in North China and most",
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Rialto Bridge",
"paragraph_text": " has defied its critics to become one of the architectural icons, and top tourist attractions, in Venice.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe first dry crossing of the Grand Canal was a pontoon bridge built in 1181 by Nicolò Barattieri. It was called the Ponte della Moneta, presumably because of the mint that stood near its eastern entrance.\nThe development and importance of the Rialto market on the eastern bank increased traffic on the floating bridge, so it was replaced in 1255 by a wooden bridge. This structure had two ramps meeting at a movable central section, that could be raised to allow the passage of tall ships. The connection with the market eventually led to a change of name for the bridge. During the first half of the 15th century, two rows of shops were built along the sides of theThe Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts)The Rialto Bridge (Italian: Ponte di Rialto; Venetian: Ponte de Rialto) is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. Connecting the sestieri (districts) of San Marco and San Polo, it has been rebuilt several times since its first construction as a pontoon bridge in the 12th century, and is now a significant tourist attraction in the city.",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Who is the composer of Concerto in C Major Op 3 6 and what is the famous bridge in their birthplace called? | [
{
"id": 28841,
"question": "Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?",
"answer": "Antonio Vivaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 547811,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 80702,
"question": "what is the name of the famous bridge in #2",
"answer": "Rialto Bridge",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Rialto Bridge | [
"Ponte di Rialto"
] | true | What is the name of the famous bridge in the place of birth of who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6? |
3hop1__141138_2053_52946 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of \"Celebrity\" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to 3 months) and a smaller grand prize ($250,000 as opposed to $750,000)\nEach season is also transmitted in real-time which allows for greater viewer participation in the form of America's Vote where the public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Chisholms",
"paragraph_text": "== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, 1980, to March 15, 1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n===\"The Chisholms\" is akin to the unsuccessful 1977 NBC venture, \"The Oregon Trail\". In that series, Rod Taylor's character of Evan Thorpe, a widowed father, leaves Illinois in 1842 to seek a new life for his three children in Oregon.1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n=== Season 2: 1980 series ===\n\n\n== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, 1980, to March 15, 1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which canThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.\nAll five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern New York City in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When will Celebrity Big Brother be aired by the major New York-based network, which is one of the three major networks alongside ABC and the network that broadcasted The Chisholms? | [
{
"id": 141138,
"question": "Who broadcasted The Chisholms?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 52946,
"question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2",
"answer": "February 7, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | February 7, 2018 | [] | true | When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the network which broadcasted The Chisholms, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
2hop__734057_88628 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Rooster Cogburn (film)",
"paragraph_text": " the Reverend's spinster daughter, Miss Eula Goodnight, and one of her Native students, a teenage boy named Wolf, whose family died in the attack. Cogburn tries to leave the pair at a nearby trading post, but they insist on coming with him to capture the bandits.\nBecause the nitro has to be transported slowly so it does not explode, Hawk goes ahead with Breed and an injured man to prepare for the bank robbery. Cogburn, Eula, and Wolf overtake the rest of the gang and barricade the path through a gully with logs. When the bandits stop, Cogburn says he is the leader of a posse and threatens to blow up the nitro unless the criminals let him arrest them. One outlaw sneaks away and attempts to shoot Cogburn in the back, but Eula, proving herself an excellent sharpshooter, kills the man from across the gully. Cogburn shoots another man and Eula and Wolf make a lot of noise by firing into the air, and the outlaws flee, leaving behind the wagon with the nitro, which also has a Gatling gun on board. They meet up with Hawk and take him back to the site of the ambush, where Breed determines that Cogburn lied about leading a large posse.\nThe gang sets out in pursuit of the nitro and catches up with Cogburn's party that night. They kidnap Wolf, who has fallen asleep on his watch, and offer to exchange him for the explosives. Wolf shoots the man holding him and makes it back to Cogburn and Eula, and the trio is able to escape with the wagon after Cogburn has Wolf scatter the outlaws' horses.\nComing upon a river, Cogburn commandeers a raft from an old ferryboat man named Shanghai McCoy, stashes the nitro and Gatling gun on board, and heads downstream, hoping to drop off Eula and Wolf somewhere safe before his final confrontation with Hawk. Breed and Luke, one of Hawk's men, are tasked with trailing the raft while the other members of the gang wait at a strategic narrows. Luke suggests he and Breed double-cross Hawk by taking the raft themselves, but just as Luke is about to shoot Cogburn, Breed kills Luke, saying that, as Cogburn had once saved his life, they are now even. Breed warns Cogburn about Hawk's plan and then rejoins the gang, but Hawk does not believe him when he says Luke was killed in a shootout with Cogburn and knocks Breed off a cliff to his death.\nCogburn is able to hold the remaining members of Hawk's gang at bay with the Gatling gun, but just past the narrows are some rapids. Cogburn, Eula, and Wolf make it through safely, though the Gatling gun is lost. When they hear the gang's horses up ahead, the trio dumps several boxes of nitro overboard to float ahead of the raft. Eula and Wolf delay Hawk by saying Cogburn is injured and pretending to surrender, and Cogburn shootsRooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel \"True Grit\", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. \"Rooster Cogburn\" is a sequel to the 1969 film \"True Grit\".Rooster Cogburn is a 1975 American Western adventure film directed by Stuart Millar and starring John Wayne (in his penultimate film), reprising his role as U.S. Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn, and Katharine Hepburn. Written by Martha Hyer, based on the character Rooster Cogburn created by Charles McColl Portis in his 1968 western novel \"True Grit\", the film is about an aging one-eyed lawman whose badge was recently suspended for a string of routine arrests that ended in bloodshed. To earn back his badge, he is tasked with bringing down a ring of bank robbers that has hijacked a wagon shipment of nitroglycerin. He is helped by a spinster searching for her father's killer. \"Rooster Cogburn\" is a sequel to the 1969 film \"True Grit\". spinster whose father was killed by the criminals.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn Fort Smith, Arkansas, in the late 19th century, aging one-eyed U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn is stripped of his badge by Judge Parker due to his drunkenness and questionable use of firearms. When a shipment of highly explosive nitroglycerin is stolen from a transporting troop of United States Army cavalry by the ruthless bank robber Hawk and his gang of nine outlaws, Cogburn is given a chance to redeem himself. Alone, he enters the Indian Territory and tracks the bandits, who include Cogburn's former scout Breed, to the remote settlement of Fort Ruby, which is now a Christian mission. He comes upon the village the day after it has been overrun by the gang, who killed the elderly Reverend George Goodnight and a number of the local Indians. The only surviving inhabitants that have not fled are the Reverend's spinster daughter, Miss Eula Goodnight, and one of her Native students, a teenage boy named Wolf, whose family died in the attack. Cogburn tries to leave the pair at a nearby trading post, but they insist on coming with him to capture the bandits.\nBecause the nitro has to be transported slowly so it does not explode, Hawk goes ahead with Breed and an injured man to prepare for the bank robbery. Cogburn, Eula, and Wolf overtake the rest of the gang and barricade the path through a gully with logs. When the bandits stop, Cogburn says he is the leader of a posse and threatens to blow up the nitro unless the criminals let him arrest them. One outlaw sneaks away and attempts to shoot Cogburn in the back, but Eula, proving herself an excellent sharpshooter, kills the man from across the gully. Cogburn shoots another man and Eula and Wolf make a lot of noise by firing into the air, and the outlaws flee, leaving behind the wagon with the nitro, which also has a Gatling gun on board. They meet up with",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "True Grit (1969 film)",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to apprehend Chaney. Mattie earns enough to pay his fee by horse trading. Meanwhile, Chaney has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory.\nYoung Texas Ranger La Boeuf is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try, unsuccessfully, to ditch Mattie.\nDays later, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Pepper at a remote dugout cabin. Cogburn captures and interrogates the two men. Moon is shot in the leg during the capture, and Cogburn uses the injury as leverage for information about Pepper. Quincy slams a knife down on Moon's hand to shut him up, severing four of his fingers, then kills him. Cogburn shoots Quincy dead. Before dying, Moon reveals Pepper and his gang are due at the cabin that night for fresh mounts.\nRooster and La Boeuf lay a trap. Upon arriving, Pepper is suspicious and draws La Boeuf's fire, which blows cover of the planned ambush with a premature shot, inadvertently killing Pepper's horse. A firefight ensues, during which Cogburn and La Boeuf kill two gang members, but Pepper and the rest of his men escape unharmed.True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.True GTrue Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.burn.\nHistorians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated.\nThe movie's success, launched a series of films including a 1975 sequel, a 1978 made-for-TV sequel, and a 2010 remake film adaptation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith and hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to apprehend Chaney. Mattie earns enough to pay his fee by horse trading. Meanwhile, Chaney has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory.\nYoung Texas Ranger La Boeuf is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try, unsuccessfully, to ditch Mattie.\nDays later, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Pepper at a remote dugout cabin. Cogburn captures and interrogates the two men. Moon is shot in the leg during the capture, and Cogburn uses the injury as leverage for information about Pepper. Quincy slams a knife down on Moon's hand to shut him up, severing four of his fingers, then kills him. Cogburn shoots Quincy dead. Before dying, Moon reveals Pepper and his gang are due at the cabin that night for fresh mounts.\nRooster and La Boeuf lay a trap. Upon arriving, Pepper is suspicious and draws La Boeuf's fire, which blows cover of the planned ambush with a premature shot, inadvertently killing Pepper's horse. A firefight ensues, during which Cogburn and La Boeuf kill two gang members, but Pepper and the rest of his men escape unharmed.True Grit is a 1969 American western film. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. The film was directed by Henry Hathaway and starred Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. Wayne won his only Academy Award for his performance in this film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.True Grit is a 1969 American Western film directed by Henry Hathaway, starring John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn, Glen Campbell as La Boeuf and Kim Darby as Mattie Ross. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. Wayne won an Oscar for his performance in the film and reprised his character for the 1975 sequel Rooster Cogburn.\nHistorians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated.\nThe movie's success, launched a series of films including a 1975 sequel, a 1978 made-for-TV sequel, and a 2010 remake film adaptation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1880, Frank Ross, of Yell County, Arkansas, is murdered and robbed by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to",
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] | In the film True Grit, what character was portrayed by the actor from Rooster Cogburn? | [
{
"id": 734057,
"question": "Rooster Cogburn >> cast member",
"answer": "John Wayne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 88628,
"question": "who did #1 play in true grit",
"answer": "U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn | [
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] | true | Who did the cast member of Rooster Cogburn play in True Grit? |
2hop__708145_30351 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Bureaucracy (book)",
"paragraph_text": " 'Success' here is a more vague concept, and one that is more open to subjective interpretation. Precisely because the product of public services has no price on the market, the traditional tools of management that have proven successful in private enterprise (scientific management, time studies etc.) cannot be applied in the public sphere. To 'increase output' and 'minimize production time' are concepts that cannot be applied to something like a police department. But an even more important consequence of the absence of the profit criterion is the necessity of centralizing administration and restricting the freedom of the branch or department manager: since his performance cannot be easily assessed in monetary terms, the safest way to prevent excesses and the abuse of power is to ensure everyone adheres to the government's directives. Thus the most important quality of the successful bureaucrat is obeying orders.\n\n\n== Private enterprise vs. publicly owned enterprises ==\nIn contrast to private enterprises, government-owned corporation or municipality owned enterprises are not always or even usually managed on the basis of the profit motive. A deficit in this latter case does not spell the end of the enterprise or even the beginning of reforms, because it is generally assumed that the reason the enterprise exists is to 'render useful services to the public' (i.e. employ a large part of the local population as its workforce or charge an artificially low price for its products or services), not become a slave of the profit motive. For this reason enterprises that are in the red are allowed to operate for years or decades, with the result being that its losses are eventually passed on to every citizen.\n\nBut as von Mises asserts, to disregard the profit motive is not, as is widely believed, to serve the public better. On the contrary, to operate under the restraints of the profit criterion is the best way to serve the public interest:\nWith private profit-seeking enterprise this problem is solved by the attitudes of the public. The proof of the usefulness of the services rendered is that a sufficient number of citizens is ready to pay the price asked for them. Under [a given] price the production of [a commodity] tends to expand until saturation is reached, that is, until a further expansion would withdraw factors of production from branches of industry for whose products the demand of the consumers is more intense. In taking the profit-motive as a guide, free enterprise adjusts its activities to the desires of the public. The profit motive pushes every entrepreneur to accomplish those services that the consumers deem the most urgent.\nBut if a public enterprise is to be operated without regard to profits, the behaviour of the public no longer provides a criterion of its usefulness [...]\n\nA private enterprise is doomed if its operation brings losses only and no way can be found to remedy this situation. Its unprofitBureaucracy is a political book written by Austrian School economist and libertarian thinker Ludwig von Mises. The author's motivation in writing the book is his concern with the spread of socialist ideals and the increasing bureaucratization of economic life. While he does not deny the necessity of certain bureaucratic structures for the smooth operation of any civilized state, he disagrees with the extent to which it has come to dominate the public life of European countries and the United States. The author's purpose is to demonstrate that the negative aspects of bureaucracy are not a result of bad policies or corruption, as the public tends to think. Instead, he explains, those problems are necessarily built into bureaucratic structures. They are due to the very tasks such a system has to deal with. The main body of the book is therefore devoted to a comparison between private enterprise on the one hand and bureaucratic agencies/public enterprise on the other.BBureaucracy is a political book written by Austrian School economist and libertarian thinker Ludwig von Mises. The author's motivation in writing the book is his concern with the spread of socialist ideals and the increasing bureaucratization of economic life. While he does not deny the necessity of certain bureaucratic structures for the smooth operation of any civilized state, he disagrees with the extent to which it has come to dominate the public life of European countries and the United States. The author's purpose is to demonstrate that the negative aspects of bureaucracy are not a result of bad policies or corruption, as the public tends to think. Instead, he explains, those problems are necessarily built into bureaucratic structures. They are due to the very tasks such a system has to deal with. The main body of the book is therefore devoted to a comparison between private enterprise on the one hand and bureaucratic agencies/public enterprise on the other.== Private enterprise vs. bureaucratic agencies ==\nPrivate enterprises are managed on the sole basis of the profit criterion. A company's sole purpose is to increase revenue while minimizing cost, as reflected in the profit and loss accounts and other accounting tools. Companies or company branches that operate on a loss must either reform or shut down. Due to these simple facts it is relatively easy to devolve responsibilities from company headquarters to the various branches, no matter how large the company might be. Headquarters gives the branch manager a free hand to operate his concern as he sees fit so long as he returns a profit. In this way initiative and innovation are not only permitted but even encouraged and rewarded.\nIt is quite a different matter when it comes to public services and other bureaucratic structures. A structure like the FBI or an embassy in a foreign country has no criterion of efficiency that is anywhere nearly as easily evaluated as the profit criterion. 'Success' here is a more vague concept, and one that is more open to subjective interpretation. Precisely because the product of public services has no price on the market, the traditional tools of management that have proven successful in private enterprise (scientific management, time studies etc.) cannot be applied in the public sphere. To 'increase output' and 'minimize production time' are concepts that cannot be applied to something like a police department. But an even more important consequence of the absence of the profit criterion is the necessity of centralizing administration and restricting the freedom of the branch or department manager: since his performance cannot be easily assessed in monetary terms, the safest way to prevent excesses and the abuse of power is to ensure everyone adheres to the government's directives. Thus the most important quality of the successful bureaucrat is obeying orders.\n\n\n== Private enterprise vs. publicly owned enterprises ==\nIn contrast to private enterprises, government-owned corporation or municipality owned enterprises are not always or even usually managed on the basis of the profit motive. A deficit in this latter case does not spell the end of the enterprise or even the beginning of reforms, because it is generally assumed that the reason the enterprise exists is to 'render useful services to the public' (i.e. employ a large part of the local population as its workforce or charge an artificially low price for its products or services), not become a slave of the profit motive. For this reason enterprises that are in the red are allowed to operate for years or decades, with the result being that its losses are eventually passed on to every citizen.\n\nBut as von Mises asserts, to disregard the profit motive is not, as is",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": ". His academic life was mostly spent at the London School of Economics, later at the University of Chicago, and the University of Freiburg. He is widely considered a major contributor to the Austrian School of Economics.\nHayek had considerable influence on a variety of political movements of the 20th century, and his ideas continue to influence thinkers from a variety of political backgrounds today. Although sometimes described as a conservative, Hayek himself was uncomfortable with this label and preferred to be thought of as a classical liberal. As the co-founder of the Mont Pelerin Society he contributed to the revival of classical liberalism in the post-war era. His most popular work, The Road to Serfdom, has been republished many times over the eight decades since its original publication; General Motors created a popular cartoon version.\nHayek was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1984 for his academic contributions to economics. He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years.\n\n\n== Life ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Both of his parents had Czech family surnames and Czech ancestry. The surname Hayek is the Germanized spelling of the Czech surname Hájek. Hayek traced his paternal Czech ancestry to an ancestor with the surname \"Hagek\" who came from Prague in the 1500s.\nHis father, born in 1871, also in Vienna, was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health. August was a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–1969) and Erich (1904–1986), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than he was.\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Hayek's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Hayek to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen von Böhm-BawDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. money and economic fluctuations, and the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena. His account of how prices communicate information is widely regarded as an important contribution to economics that led to him receiving the prize.\nDuring his teenage years, Hayek fought in World War I. He later said this experience, coupled with his desire to help avoid the mistakes that led to the war, drew him into economics. He earned doctoral degrees in law in 1921 and political science in 1923 from the University of Vienna. He subsequently lived and worked in Austria, Great Britain, the United States, and Germany. He became a British citizen in 1938. His academic life was mostly spent at the London School of Economics, later at the University of Chicago, and the University of Freiburg. He is widely considered a major contributor to the Austrian School of Economics.\nHayek had considerable influence on a variety of political movements of the 20th century, and his ideas continue to influence thinkers from a variety of political backgrounds today. Although sometimes described as a conservative, Hayek himself was uncomfortable with this label and preferred to be thought of as a classical liberal. As the co-founder of the Mont Pelerin Society he contributed to the revival of classical liberalism in the post-war era. His most popular work, The Road to Serfdom, has been republished many times over the eight decades since its original publication; General Motors created a popular cartoon version.\nHayek was appointed a Member of the Order of",
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] | Upon being employed by the writer of Bureaucracy, who was Hayek's employer? | [
{
"id": 708145,
"question": "Bureaucracy >> author",
"answer": "Ludwig von Mises",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 30351,
"question": "For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by #1 ?",
"answer": "the Austrian government",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | the Austrian government | [
"Austria",
"AT",
"at",
"AUT"
] | true | Who did Hayek work for upon being hired by the author of Bureaucracy? |
2hop__88906_55840 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The King's Speech",
"paragraph_text": "ue that were being used by his grandson Mark and Peter Conradi as the basis of a book, and were granted permission to incorporate material from the notes and book into the script.\nPrincipal photography took place in London and around Britain from November 2009 to January 2010. Hard light was used to give the story a greater resonance and wider-than-normal lenses were employed to recreate the Duke of York's feelings of constriction. A third technique Hooper employed was the off-centre framing of characters.\nThe King's Speech was a major box office and critical success. It was widely praised by film critics for its visual style, art direction, screenplay, directing, score, and acting. Other commentators discussed the film's representation of historical detail, especially the reversal of Winston Churchill's opposition to abdication. The film received many awards and nominations, particularly for Colin Firth's performance, which resulted in his first Academy Award for Best Actor. At the 83rd Academy Awards, The King's Speech received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year, and subsequently won four, including Best Picture. Censors initially gave it adult ratings due to profanity, though these were later revised downwards after criticism by the makers and distributors in the UK and some instances of swearing were muted in the US. On a budget of £8 million, it earned over £250 million internationally.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAt the official closing of the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, Prince Albert \"Bertie\", Duke of York, the second son of King George V, addresses the crowd with a strong stammer. His search for treatment has been discouraging, but his wife, Elizabeth, persuades him to see Australian-born Lionel Logue, a non-medically trained Harley Street speech defects therapist. Bertie believes the first session is not going well, but Lionel has him recite Hamlet's \"To be, or not to be\" soliloquy while listening to classical music over a pair of headphones. Bertie is frustrated but Lionel gives him the acetate recording that he has made of the reading as a souvenir.\nAfter Bertie's father, King George V, broadcasts his 1934 Royal Christmas Message, he explains to Bertie that the wireless will play a significant part in the role of the royal family, allowing them to enter the homes of the people, and that Bertie's brother's neglect of his responsibilities make training in it necessary. The attempt at reading the message himself is a failure, but that night Bertie plays the recording Lionel gave him and is astonished at the lack of stutter. He returns for daily treatments to overcome the physical and psychological roots of his stutter.\nGeorge V dies in 1936. His eldest son David ascends the throne as King Edward VIII. A constitutional crisis arises with Edward over a prospective marriage with twice-divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. Edward, as the supreme governor of the Church of England, cannot marry her, even if her second divorce occurs, since both her previous husbands are alive.\nAt an unscheduled session, Bertie expresses frustration that, while his speech has mostly improved, he still stammers when talking to David, simultaneously revealing the extent of Edward VIII's folly with Simpson. When Lionel insists that Bertie himself could make a good king, Bertie accuses Lionel of treason and angrily quits Lionel. They reconvene after King Edward decides to abdicate in order to marry. Bertie, urged by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, ascends the throne as King George VI and visits Lionel's home with his wife before their coronation, much to the surprise of Mrs. Logue when she learns who Lionel's client has been.\nBertie and Lionel's relationship is questioned by the King's advisors during preparations for his coronation in Westminster Abbey. The archbishop of Canterbury, Cosmo Gordon Lang, points out that George never sought advice from his advisors about his treatment and that Lionel lacks formal training. Lionel explains to an outraged Bertie that at the time he started with speech defects there were no formal qualifications and that the only known help that was available for returning Great War shell-shocked Australian soldiers was from personal experience. Bertie remains unconvinced until provoked to protest at Lionel's disrespect for King Edward's Chair and the Stone of Scone. After realising he has just expressed himself without impairment, Bertie is able to rehearse with Lionel and complete the ceremony.\nAs king, Bertie has a crisis when he must broadcast to Britain and the Empire following the declaration of war on Nazi Germany in 1939. Lionel is summoned to Buckingham Palace to prepare the king for his speech. Knowing the challenge that lies before him, Lang, Winston Churchill, and Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain accompany for support. Bertie and Logue are leftThe King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.The King's Speech is a 2010 historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast upon Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.\nSeidler read about George VI's life after learning to manage a stuttering condition he developed during his own youth. He started writing about the relationship between the therapist and his royal patient as early as the 1980s, but at the request of the King's widow, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, postponed work until her death in 2002. He later rewrote his screenplay for the stage to focus on the essential relationship between the two protagonists. Nine weeks before filming began, the filmmakers learned of the existence of notes written by Logue that were being used by his grandson Mark and Peter Conradi as the basis of a book, and were granted permission to incorporate material from the notes and book into the script.\nPrincipal photography took place in London and around Britain from November 2009 to January 2010. Hard light was used to give the story a greater resonance and wider-than-normal lenses were employed to recreate the Duke of York's feelings of constriction. A third technique Hooper employedThe King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.idler read about George VI's life after learning to manage a stuttering condition he developed during his own youth. He started writing about the relationship between the therapist and his royal patient as early as the 1980s, but at the request of the King's widow, Queen Elizabeth The",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "George VI",
"paragraph_text": " another formal procession carried it to Westminster Hall where the king lay in state for three days. Some 304,000 people passed through Westminster Hall with queues up to 4 miles (6.4 km) forming.\nGeorge VI's funeral was held on 15 February and began with another formalGeorge VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth., was proclaimed the new monarch by the Accession Council. George VI's coffin lay in St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham until 11 February when it was carried, in procession, to the nearby Wolferton railway station. The coffin was carried by train to London King's Cross railway station where another formal procession carried it to Westminster Hall where the king lay in state for three days. Some 304,000 people passed through Westminster Hall with queues up to 4 miles (6.4 km) forming.\nGeorge VI's funeral was held on 15 February and began with another formal procession to Paddington Station, the coffin being carried on a gun carriage hauled by Royal Navy seamen, as is traditional at the funerals of British sovereigns. The procession was accompanied by Elizabeth II, George VI's widow Queen Elizabeth (now the Queen Mother), Princess Margaret and four royal dukes: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. Numerous foreign monarchs and other representatives also attended. On arrival at Paddington the",
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] | Who portrayed the 1950 King of England in the film "The King's Speech"? | [
{
"id": 88906,
"question": "who was the king of england in 1950",
"answer": "George VI",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 55840,
"question": "who played king #1 in the king's speech",
"answer": "Colin Firth",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Colin Firth | [] | true | In the King's Speech, who played the person who was the King of England in 1950? |
2hop__757497_78606 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Chosen One (2010 film)",
"paragraph_text": " of the Arhuaco people from the mountains of Colombia, and a phone call from his mother (Holland Taylor). He finally finds faith in himself after the rest of world puts its faith in him. The sole being on earth who can save mankind from its own destruction with trust - The Chosen One.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nRob Schneider as Paul\nSteve Buscemi as Neal\nHolland Taylor as Ruth\nPeter Riegert as Bob\nSamantha Smith as Christine\nGeorge Dzundza as Norman\nJack McGee as Produce Manager\nMichael Yama as Mr. Nakamuri\nCarolina Gómez as Marissa\nPamela Guest as Bird Lady\nAntonio Miguel Calvo as The Mama Arhuaco\nAlberto Villafana as Arhuaco Jim\nYesid Villafana as Funny Arhuaco\nIan Fisher as Cabbie\n\n\n== Production ==\nRelease of the film was delayed for three years; this may have been due to uncertainty over how toThe Chosen One is a 2010 comedy-drama film directed by and starring Rob Schneider as a car salesman facing a midlife crisis with the aid of native Colombian shamans. It also stars Steve Buscemi as his gay Buddhist brother.TheThe Chosen One is a 2010 comedy-drama film directed by and starring Rob Schneider as a car salesman facing a midlife crisis with the aid of native Colombian shamans. It also stars Steve Buscemi as his gay Buddhist brother. Peter Riegert.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\nA depressed car salesman (Rob Schneider) is repeatedly interrupted in the act of suicide by a coworker from the Nissan dealership, a beautiful woman translator (Carolina Gómez), three native American shamans of the Arhuaco people from the mountains of Colombia, and a phone call from his mother (Holland Taylor). He finally finds faith in himself after the rest of world puts its faith in him. The sole being on earth who can save mankind from its own destruction with trust - The Chosen One.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nRob Schneider as Paul\nSteve Buscemi as Neal\nHolland Taylor as Ruth\nPeter Riegert as Bob\nSamantha Smith as Christine\nGeorge Dzundza as Norman\nJack McGee as Produce Manager\nMichael Yama as Mr. Nakamuri\nCarolina Gómez as Marissa\nPamela Guest as Bird Lady\nAntonio Miguel Calvo as The Mama Arhuaco\nAlberto Villafana as Arhuaco Jim\nYesid Villafana as Funny Arhuaco\nIan Fisher as Cabbie\n\n\n== Production ==\nRelease of the film was delayed for three years; this may have been due to uncertainty over how toThe Chosen One is a 2010 comedy",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Grown Ups (film)",
"paragraph_text": " 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who portrays the spouse of the actor who produced The Chosen One in the movie Grown Ups? | [
{
"id": 757497,
"question": "The Chosen One >> producer",
"answer": "Rob Schneider",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 78606,
"question": "who plays #1 wife in grown ups",
"answer": "Joyce Van Patten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Joyce Van Patten | [] | true | In Grown Ups, who plays the wife of the actor who produced The Chosen One? |
2hop__216959_204037 | [
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Daniel Darc",
"paragraph_text": " Kraftwerk. Their most successful album was Seppuku, produced by Jean-Jacques Burnel of The Stranglers; Jet Black drummer of The Stranglers, provided percussion, stepping in after the death of Pierre Wolfsohn. They also toured the UK in 1981, providing support to the Stranglers on their La Folie tour.\nAfter disagreements about how the band should develop musically, Laurent Sinclair left the group in 1983, to pursue a solo career. Daniel Darc and Mirwais continued under the Taxi Girl name, releasing singles such as \"Paris\" and \"Aussi Belle Qu'Une Balle\", until 1986 when they disbanded. In 1985, they contributed a cover of \"Stephanie Says\" for a Velvet Underground tribute album Les Enfants du Velvet.\nSince then, Daniel Darc released several solo albums under his own name. Mirwais collaborated with the group 'Juliette Et Les Indépendants', before being discovered by Madonna in the late 1990s. He then produced her albums Music and American Life, and part of Confession On The Dancefloor, as well as releasing his own solo album Production.\nDarc died, at the age of 53, on 28 February 2013. Six years later, on 2 September 2019, Laurent Sinclair, the band's keyboardist and co-composer, died at the age of 58.\n\n\n== Members ==\nDaniel Darc – Vocals (1978–1986) (died 2013)\nMirwais – Guitar (1978–1986)\nLaurent Sinclair – Keyboards (1978–1983) (died 2019)\nPierre Wolfsohn – Percussion (1978–1981) (died 1981)\nStéphane Erard – Bass (1978–1980)\nPascal Geneix – Guitar (1978)\nPhillipe Le Mongne – Bass (1983–1986)\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n=== Albums ===\nCherchez le garçon (1980)\nSeppuku (1982)\nSeppuku UK version, with vocals in English and an additional track (1982)\nQuelqu'un comme toi – Mini Album (1983)\nQuelque part dans Paris (live) (1990)\n84-86 (Compilation) (1990)\n\n\n=== Singles – 7\" ===\n\"Mannequin\" (1980)\n\"Cherchez le garçon\" (1980)\n\"Jardin Chinois\" (1981)\n\"Les armées de la nuit\" (1981)\n\"La femme écarlate\" (1981)\n\"Viviane Vog\" – flexi live Manchester 1981 Stranglers (1981)\n\"Quelqu'un comme toi\" (1983)\n\"Dites-le fort\" + A4 Biography (1984)\n\"Paris\" (1984)\n\"Aussi belle qu'une balle\" (1986)\n\n\n=== Singles – 12\" ===\n\"Man'quin\" (1979)\n\"Cherchez le garçon\" (1980)\n\"Les armées de la nuit\" (1981)\n\"Quelqu'un comme toi\" (1983)\n\"Nous sommes jeunes, nous sommes fiers\" (1984)\n\"Paris\" (1984)\n\"Aussi belle qu'une balle\" (1986)\n\"Cherchez le garçon – 4 remixes\" (1995)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\n\nATaxi Girl were a French new wave band, adopting the New Romantic aesthetics of the time, such as clashing red and black clothing, synthesizer-led songs, and taking influence from mythology and literature. The group existed between 1978 and 1986, producing 5 mini-albums, and one full-length album, Seppuku. Their early success is attributed to two singles, \"Mannequin\" in 1979 and \"Cherchez le garçon\" in 1980.\nTheir music was said to capture the energy of The Stooges, mixed with the retro-futuristic soundscapes of Kraftwerk. Their most successful album was Seppuku, produced by Jean-Jacques Burnel of The Stranglers; Jet Black drummer of The Stranglers, provided percussion, stepping in after the death of Pierre Wolfsohn. They also toured the UK in 1981, providing support to the Stranglers on their La Folie tour.\nAfter disagreements about how the band should develop musically, Laurent Sinclair left the group in 1983, to pursue a solo career. Daniel Darc and Mirwais continued under the Taxi Girl name, releasing singles such as \"Paris\" and \"Aussi Belle Qu'Une Balle\", until 1986 when they disbanded. In 1985, they contributed a cover of \"Stephanie Says\" for a Velvet Underground tribute album Les Enfants du Velvet.\nSince then, Daniel Darc released several solo albums under his own name. Mirwais collaborated with the group 'Juliette Et Les Indépendants', before being discovered by Madonna in the late 1990s. He then produced her albums Music and American Life, and part of Confession On The Dancefloor, as well as releasing his own solo album Production.\nDarc died, at the age of 53, on 28 February 2013. Six years later, on 2 September 2019, Laurent Sinclair, the band's keyboardist and co-composer, died at the age of 58.\n\n\n== Members ==\nDaniel Darc – Vocals (1978–1986) (died 2013)\nMirwais – Guitar (1978–1986)\nLaurent Sinclair – Keyboards (1978–1983) (died 2019)\nPierre Wolfsohn – Percussion (1978–1981) (died 1981)\nStéphane Erard – Bass (1978–1980)\nPascal Geneix – Guitar (1978)\nPhillipe Le Mongne – Bass (1983–1986)\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n=== Albums ===\nCherchez le garçon (1980)\nSeppuku (1982)\nSeppuku UK version, with vocals in English and an additional track (1982)\nQuelqu'un comme toi – Mini Album (1983)\nQuelque part dans Paris (live) (1990)\n84-86 (Compilation) (1990)\n\n\n=== Singles – 7\" ===\n\"Mannequin\" (1980)\n\"Cherchez le garçon\" (1980)\n\"Jardin Chinois\" (1981)\n\"Les armées de la nuit\" (1981)\n\"La femme écarlate\" (1981)\n\"Viviane Vog\" – flexi live Manchester 1981 Stranglers (1981)\n\"Quelqu'un comme toi\" (1983)\n\"Dites-le fort\" + A4 Biography (1984)\n\"Paris\" (1984)\n\"Aussi belle qu'une balle\" (1986)\n\n\n=== Singles – 12\" ===\n\"Man'quin\" (1979)\n\"Cherchez le garçon\" (1980)\n\"Les armées de la nuit\" (1981)\n\"Quelqu'un comme toi\" (1983)\n\"Nous sommes jeunes, nous sommes fiers\" (1984)\n\"Paris\" (1984)\n\"Aussi belle qu'une balle\" (1986)\n\"Cherchez le garçon – 4 remixes\" (1995)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\n\nATaxi Girl were a French new wave band, adopting the New Romantic aesthetics of the time, such as clashing red and black clothing, synthesizer-led songs, and taking influence from mythology andDaniel Rozoum (20 May 1959 - 28 February 2013), known as Daniel Darc, was a French singer, who achieved success with his band Taxi Girl (together with Mirwais Ahmadzaï) between 1978 and 1986, and also as a solo artist.TDaniel Rozoum (20 May 1959 - 28 February 2013), known as Daniel Darc, was a French singer, who achieved success with his band Taxi Girl (together with Mirwais Ahmadzaï) between 1978 and 1986, and also as a solo artist.-length album, Seppuku. Their early success is attributed to two singles, \"Mannequin\" in 1979 and \"Cherchez le garçon\" in 1980.\nTheir music was said to capture the energy of The Stooges, mixed with the retro-futuristic soundscapes of Kraftwerk.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Cherchez le garçon",
"paragraph_text": " The title track is one of the band's best known songs.Cherchez le garçon is the 1980 debut album by French new wave band Taxi Girl. \"Mannequin,\" \"Jardin Chinois\" and the title track were released as singles. The title track is one of the band's best known songs. captureCherchez le garçon is the 1980 debut album by French new wave band Taxi Girl. \"Mannequin,\" \"Jardin Chinois\" and the title track were released as singles. The title track is one of the band's best known songs.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who are the members of the band that played Cherchez le Garçon? | [
{
"id": 216959,
"question": "Cherchez le garçon >> performer",
"answer": "Taxi Girl",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 204037,
"question": "#1 >> has part",
"answer": "Daniel Darc",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Daniel Darc | [
"Daniel Rozoum"
] | true | Who is part of the band which performed Cherchez le Garçon? |
3hop1__536452_15840_36014 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Sega Genesis respectively. Both systemsDuring the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's \"Ultra Games\" brand), those games could not be released on another console within two years, and Nintendo was the exclusive manufacturer and supplier of NES cartridges. However, competition from Sega's console brought an end to this practice; in 1991, Acclaim began releasing games for both platforms, with most of Nintendo's other licensees following suit over the next several years; Capcom (which licensed some games to Sega instead of producing them directly) and Square were the most notable holdouts. same, several forms of regional lockout prevent cartridges for one version from being used in other versions.\nThe Super NES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time, like the Sega Genesis. It was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated into game cartridges to be more competitive into the next generation.\nThe Super NES received largely positive reviews and was a global success, becoming the best selling console of the 16-bit era after launching",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_text": " rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like Space Invaders (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer Nintendo. \nHiroshi Yamauchi, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised thatThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the video game crash of 1983, and pioneered a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers to produce and distribute games. The NES features several groundbreaking games, including Super Mario Bros. (1985), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Metroid (1986), and Mega Man (1987) which have become major franchises. \nThe NES dominated Japanese and North American markets, but initially underperformed in Europe where it faced strong competition from the Sega Master System and microcomputers. With 61.91 million units sold, it is one of the best-selling consoles of all time. It was succeeded in 1990 by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n===",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pinball Quest",
"paragraph_text": " (a slot machine-themed game) and Viva! Golf (a whack-a-mole-style game) are additional single-player modes. Pop! Pop! is a sports-themed multiplayer mode that can be played by up to 4 players.\n\n\n=== RPG mode ===\nIn RPG mode, the player controls the silver pinball and progresses through a six-level castle to rescue Princess Bali from Beezelbub, the \"Dark Lord of the Machine.\" As in traditional pinball, flippers are used to keep the ball in the playfield and accomplish objectives, such as hitting targets or defeatingPinball Quest is the name of a Nintendo Entertainment System video game developed by TOSE and published by Jaleco in 1990. The game is based on the popular arcade game pinball. The role playing aspect of the game makes it unique from other pinball based video games.PinPinball Quest is the name of a Nintendo Entertainment System video game developed by TOSE and published by Jaleco in 1990. The game is based on the popular arcade game pinball. The role playing aspect of the game makes it unique from other pinball based video games.) mechanics, and it is considered the \"first ever RPG pinball game.\"\n\n\n== Game play ==\n\nThe game includes four modes: a story-driven \"RPG mode\" as well as \"Circus,\" \"Viva! Golf,\" and \"Pop! Pop!\"\nCircus (a slot machine-themed game) and Viva! Golf (a whack-a-mole-style game) are additional single-player modes. Pop! Pop! is a sports-themed multiplayer mode that can be played by up to 4 players.\n\n\n=== RPG mode ===\nIn RPG mode, the player controls the silver pinball and progresses through a six-level castle to rescue Princess Bali from Beezelbub, the \"Dark Lord of the Machine.\" As in traditional pinball, flippers are used to keep the ball in the playfield and accomplish objectives, such as hitting targets or defeatingPinball Quest is the name of a Nintendo Entertainment System video game developed by TOSE and published by Jaleco in 1990. The game is based on the popular arcade game pinball. The role playing aspect of the game makes it unique from other pinball based video games.Pinball Quest is a 1989 pinball video game developed by Tose and published by Jaleco. Released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Pinball Quest was unusual at the time of its release for its \"unique\" mash-up of pinball and role-playing game (RPG) mechanics, and it is considered the \"first ever RPG pinball game.\"\n\n\n== Game play ==\n\nThe game includes four modes: a story-driven \"RPG mode\" as well as \"Circus,\" \"Viva! Golf,\" and \"Pop! Pop!\"\nCircus (a slot machine-themed game) and Viva! Golf (a whack-a-mole-style game) are additional single-player modes. Pop! Pop! is a sports-themed multiplayer mode that can be played by up to 4 players.\n\n\n=== RPG mode ===\nIn RPG mode, the player controls the silver pinball and progresses through a six-level castle to rescue Princess Bali from Beezelbub, the \"Dark Lord of the Machine.\" As in traditional pinball, flippers are used to keep the ball in the playfield and accomplish objectives, such as hitting targets or defeating an enemy. \nDuring game play, the player earns gold which can be spent at the Black Market, a store run by imps. At the Black Market, players can purchase upgraded flippers and stoppers.\nBelow are the six \"RPG mode\" stages and the notable characters or features in each stage as listed in the instruction manual.\n\nTomb (the Captain's Spirit, skeletons)\nGate (Ziffroo the witch, demon dogs)\nGoblins (goblin kids, goblin guards)\nRiver (\"toitles,\" \"Wheel O' Luck,\" dark knights)\nHarpy (harpy, demon guards)\nThrone room (Beezelbub)\n\n\n== Reception ==\nRetrospective reviews of Pinball Quest focus on the novelty of its RPG elements. The game has been called a \"curious mix of genres\", with some reviewers describing it in more extreme terms, stating it is \"among the most bizarre genre hybrids in the history of video games\" and a \"baffling experiment.\"\n\n\n== Reviews ==\nQuesticle.net\nThe Video Game Critic\nAll Game Guide\nRandom Access\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nPinball Quest at MobyGames\nPinball Quest at GameFAQsPinball Quest is a 1989 pinball video game developed by Tose and published by Jaleco. Released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Pinball Quest was unusual at the time of its release for its \"unique\" mash-up of pinball and role-playing game (RPG) mechanics, and it is considered the \"first ever RPG pinball game.\"\n\n\n== Game play ==\n\nThe game includes four modes: a story-driven \"RPG mode\" as well as \"Circus,\" \"Viva! Golf,\" and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the maximum number of games permitted annually for each developer on the three-letter abbreviated platform by Nintendo, which included the game Pinball Quest? | [
{
"id": 536452,
"question": "Pinball Quest >> platform",
"answer": "Nintendo Entertainment System",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 15840,
"question": "What is the abbreviation of #1 ?",
"answer": "NES",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 36014,
"question": "What was Nintendo's limit on games per developer per year on the #2 ?",
"answer": "five",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | five | [] | true | What was Nintendo's limit on games per developer per year on the platform with a three letter abbreviation, that had the game Pinball Quest? |
2hop__668407_683671 | [
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Empress Wang (Yang Pu)",
"paragraph_text": " into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937, he was subsequently moved out of the Wu palace at the Wu capital Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937, he was subsequently moved out of the Wu palace at the Wu capital Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937, he was subsequently moved out of the Wu palace at the Wu capital Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937, he was subsequently moved out of the Wu palace at the Wu capital Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937, he was subsequently moved out of the Wu palace at the Wu capital Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937, he was subsequently moved out of the Wu palace at the Wu capital Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) into a heavily guarded Danyang Palace (������) at Run Prefecture (���州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and subsequently died there, it was said that it was not known what happened to her.\n\n\n== Notes and references ==Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.\nVery little isEmpress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.Empress Wang (����后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (����后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during.\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her empress. It is not known whether any of his known children were born of her. After he yielded the throne to the powerful regent Xu Gao in 937,Empress Wang (王皇后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (讓皇后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu..\nVery little is known about her. It is known that she initially carried the imperial consort title of Defei (�����). In fall 933, Yang Pu created her",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Empress Dowager Wang (Rui)",
"paragraph_text": " ruler and the only emperor of the Wu state founded upon the territory that Yang Xingmi took. During Yang Pu's reign as emperor, she was honored as empress dowager.EEmpress Dowager Wang (王太后, personal name unknown) (died 928) was a concubine of the late-Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi and the mother of his son Yang Pu, the final ruler and the only emperor of the Wu state founded upon the territory that Yang Xingmi took. During Yang Pu's reign as emperor, she was honored as empress dowager. first known empress of China who was previously married to another man before becoming empress.\n\n\n== Family background and first marriage ==\nWang Zhi was born to Wang Zhong (�Empress Dowager Wang (����后, personal name unknown) (died 928) was a concubine of the late-Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi and the mother of his son Yang Pu, the final ruler and the only emperor of the Wu state founded upon the territory that Yang Xingmi took. During Yang Pu's reign as emperor, she was honored as empress dowager.Empress Xiaojing (��景��后, 180s? BC – 25 June 126 BC), of the Wang clan, also known by her birth name Wang Zhi (�����) and by the title Madame Wang (����人), was an empress during the Han dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal figure of the man married to Empress Wang? | [
{
"id": 668407,
"question": "Empress Wang >> spouse",
"answer": "Yang Pu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 683671,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Yang Xingmi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Yang Xingmi | [] | true | Who is the father of Empress Wang's husband? |
2hop__865828_377862 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Gmina Jordanów",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.\nThe gmina covers an area of 92.65 square kilometres (35.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,508.\n\n\n== Villages ==\nGmina Jordanów contains the villages and settlements of ��ętownia, Naprawa, Osielec, Toporzysko and Wysoka.\n\n\n== Neighbouring gminas ==\nGmina Jordanów is bordered by the town of Jordanów and by the gminas of Bystra-Sidzina, Lubień, Maków Podhalański, Raba Wyżna, Spytkowice and Tokarnia.\n\n\n== References ==\nPolish official population figures 2006Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.\nThe gmina covers an area of 92.65 square kilometres (35.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 10,508.\n\n\n== Villages ==\nGmina Jordanów contains the villages and settlements of ��ętownia, Naprawa, Osielec, Toporzysko and Wysoka.\n\n\n== Neighbouring gminas ==\nGmina Jordanów is bordered by the town of Jordanów",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Sucha County",
"paragraph_text": "). As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469.\n\n\n== History ==\nSucha County existed between 1956 and 1975, but on the abolition of the powiats its territory was split between the two newly created voivodeships of Bielsko-Biała and Nowy Sącz. The county was recreated on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998, which restored the powiats and created 16 large voivodeships.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe county is located in the area of the Maków Beskids of the Beskidy Mountains. Its highest point is Babia Gora, 1,725 m (5,659 ft) above sea level, which since 1954 has been a national park and Biosphere Reserve.\nThis area attracts significant numbers of tourists, particularly to the skiing centre at Zawoja.\nSucha County is bordered by ��ywiec County to the west, Wadowice County to the north, Myślenice County to the east and Nowy Targ County to the south-east. It also borders Slovakia to the south-west.\n\n\n== Administrative division ==\nThe county is subdivided into nine gminas (two urban, one urban-rural and sixThe county covers an area of . As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469.SThe county covers an area of . As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469. Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Maków Podhalański, lying 7 km (4 mi) east of Sucha Beskidzka, and Jordanów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Sucha Beskidzka.\nThe county covers an area of 685.75 square kilometres (264.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469.\n\n\n== History ==\nSucha County existed between 1956 and 1975, but on the abolition of the powiats its territory was split between the two newly created voivodeships of Bielsko-Biała and Nowy Sącz. The county was recreated on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998, which restored the powiats and created 16 large voivodeships.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe county is located in the area of the Maków Beskids of the Beskidy Mountains. Its highest point is Babia Gora, 1,725 m (5,659 ft) above sea level, which since 1954 has been a national park and Biosphere Reserve.\nThis area attracts significant numbers of tourists, particularly to the skiing centre at Zawoja.\nSucha County is bordered by ��ywiec County to the west, Wadowice County to the north, Myślenice County to the east and Nowy Targ County to the south-east. It also borders Slovakia to the south-west.\n\n\n== Administrative division ==\nThe county is subdivided into nine gminas (two urban, one urban-rural and sixThe county covers an area of . As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469.Sucha County (Polish: powiat suski) is a mogus of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sucha Beskidzka, which lies 44 kilometres (27 mi) south-west of the voivodeship capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Maków Podhalański, lying 7 km (4 mi) east of Sucha Beskidzka, and Jordanów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Sucha Beskidzka.\nThe county covers an area of 685.75 square kilometres (264.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469.\n\n\n== History ==\nSucha County existed between 1956 and 1975, but on the abolition of the powiats its territory was split between the two newly created voivodeships of Bielsko-Biała and Nowy Sącz. The county was recreated on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998, which restored the powiats and created 16 large voivodeships.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe county is located in the area of the Maków Beskids of the Beskidy Mountains. Its highest point is Babia Gora, 1,725 m (5,659 ft) above sea level, which since 1954 has been a national park and Biosphere Reserve.\nThis area attracts significant numbers of tourists, particularly to the skiing centre at Zawoja.\nSucha County is bordered by ��ywiec County to the west, Wadowice County to the north, Myślen",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what city is Gmina Jordanow located within the same county? | [
{
"id": 865828,
"question": "Gmina Jordanów >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Sucha County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 377862,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Sucha Beskidzka",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Sucha Beskidzka | [
"Gmina Jordanów",
"Jordanów",
"Gmina Bystra-Sidzina"
] | true | Which city is in the same county as Gmina Jordanow? |
2hop__42747_83837 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Home Alone Tonight",
"paragraph_text": " progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Light It Up (Luke Bryan song)",
"paragraph_text": " from``Light It Up ''is a song by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It is the lead single to his sixth studio album, What Makes You Country. Bryan wrote the song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion.\"``Light It Up ''is a song by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It is the lead single to his sixth studio album, What Makes You Country. Bryan wrote the song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion. with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion.\n\n\n== Content ==\nRolling Stone Country described the song as \"a moody production, underpinned by a programmed beat and choppy piano chords, while icy synthesizer fills lifted from``Light It Up ''is a song by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It is the lead single to his sixth studio album, What Makes You Country. Bryan wrote the song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion.\"Light It Up\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released in August 2017 as the first single from his 2017 album What Makes You Country. Bryan wrote this song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion.\n\n\n== Content ==\nRolling Stone Country described the song as \"a moody production, underpinned by a programmed beat and choppy piano chords, while icy synthesizer fills lifted from Eighties new wave ratchet up the tension.\" The song is an expression of unrequited love, with the narrator pleading for an unresponsive lover to \"light it up\", in reference to his cellular phone.\nBryan wrote the song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion, while Jeff Stevens and his son Jody produced it.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nA video directed by Michael Monaco was released on October 26, 2017. It features Jimmy Butler in the lead role, in anticipation of a text as described in the lyrics from his girlfriend played by well known, international, Nashville based model LeeAnna Burton.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nFor the charts dated September 9, 2017, \"Light It Up\" debuted at No. 20 on Country Airplay and No. 21 on Hot Country Songs. It sold 18,000 downloads in under two days and debuted at No. 3 on the Country Digital Song Sales chart. The following week it rose to No. 2 on Country Digital Song Sales with 22,000 copies sold on a full week of sales. It also debuted at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of September 16, 2017. The song has sold 164,000 copies in the United States as of January 2018. On March 5, 2019, the single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Light It Up\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released in August 2017 as the first single from his 2017 album What Makes You Country. Bryan wrote this song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion.\n\n\n== Content ==\nRolling Stone Country described the song as \"a moody production, underpinned by a programmed beat and choppy piano chords, while icy synthesizer fills lifted from Eighties new wave ratchet up the tension.\" The song is an expression of unrequited love, with the narrator pleading for an unresponsive lover to \"light it up\", in reference to his cellular phone.\nBryan wrote the song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion, while Jeff Stevens and his son Jody produced it.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nA video directed by Michael Monaco was released on October 26, 2017. It features Jimmy Butler in the lead role, in anticipation of a text as described in the lyrics from his girlfriend played by well known, international, Nashville based model LeeAnna Burton.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nFor the charts dated September 9, 2017, \"Light It Up\" debuted at No. 20 on Country Airplay and No. 21 on Hot Country Songs. It sold 18,000 downloads in under two days and debuted at No. 3 on the Country Digital Song Sales chart. The following week it rose to No. 2 on Country Digital Song Sales with 22,000 copies sold on a full week of sales. It also debuted at number 76 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of September 16, 2017. The song has sold 164,000 copies in the United States as of January 2018. On March 5, 2019, the single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over a million digital copies in the United States.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Light It Up\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Luke Bryan. It was released in August 2017 as the first single from his 2017 album What Makes You Country. Bryan wrote this song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion.\n\n\n== Content ==\nRolling Stone Country described the song as \"a moody production, underpinned by a programmed beat and choppy piano chords, while icy synthesizer fills lifted from Eighties new wave ratchet up the tension.\" The song is an expression of unrequited love, with the narrator pleading for an unresponsive lover to \"light it up\", in reference to his cellular phone.\nBryan wrote the song with Brad Tursi of the band Old Dominion, while Jeff Stevens and his son Jody produced it.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nA video directed by Michael Monaco was released on October 26, 2017. It features Jimmy Butler in the lead role, in anticipation of a text as described in the lyrics from his girlfriend played by well known, international, Nashville based model LeeAnna Burton.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nFor the charts dated September 9, 2017, \"Light It Up\" debuted at",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the performer of "Home Alone Tonight" alongside the vocalist of "Light It Up"? | [
{
"id": 42747,
"question": "who sings the country song light it up",
"answer": "Luke Bryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 83837,
"question": "who sings home alone tonight with #1",
"answer": "Karen Fairchild",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Karen Fairchild | [] | true | Who sings Home Alone Tonight with the singer of Light It Up? |
2hop__16844_42173 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": " in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist,Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such as the Portuguese who already had set up trading posts in India. In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": " the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain'sAfter the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the IndianAfter the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain'sAfter the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the inception of the ruling body that was disbanded following the Indian Rebellion in 1857? | [
{
"id": 16844,
"question": "What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857?",
"answer": "British East India Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 42173,
"question": "When was #1 established?",
"answer": "1599",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 1599 | [] | true | When was the ruler that was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 established? |
2hop__739909_807845 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Monterey County Herald",
"paragraph_text": "In December, 2013, the Herald's parent company Media News Group merged to become Digital First Media. In the year to come, the paper underwent a \"reorganization plan\" which included a redesign of both the newspaper and website, the move of newspaper production out-of-area, as well as a change in editor.In December, 2013, the Herald's parent company Media News Group merged to become Digital First Media. In the year to come, the paper underwent a \"reorganization plan\" which included a redesign of both the newspaper and website, the move of newspaper production out-of-area, as well as a change in editor.The Monterey County Herald, sometimes referred to as the Monterey Herald, is a daily newspaper published in Monterey, California that serves Monterey County.\nIn December, 2013, the Herald's parent company Media News Group merged to become Digital First Media. In the year to come, the paper underwent a \"reorganization plan\" which included a redesign of both the newspaper and website, the move of newspaper production out-of-area, as well as a change in editor.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Monterey County Herald, with offices in downtown Monterey, California, was produced at Ryan Ranch on the Monterey Peninsula from 1990 to 2014. It previously appeared as The Monterey Peninsula Herald, with editorial offices on Pacific Street in Monterey, California.\nThe newspaper was founded and long published by Colonel Allen Griffin, and its long-time editor-in-chief was Edward Kennedy. Kennedy, as an Associated Press correspondent, had won celebrity, and considerable criticism, in the closing days of World War II by announcing Germany's surrender one day before that announcement was supposed to have been made. A small monument in Monterey memorializes him for having given the world an extra day of peace.\n\nIn 1967, the newspaper was bought by Block Communications.\nIn 1992 the paper was acquired by the E.W. Scripps Company in exchange for the Pittsburgh Press, which Block merged into its own Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Scripps traded the paper, along with The (San Luis Obispo) Tribune, to Knight Ridder in 1997, in exchange for the Boulder Daily Camera.\nKnight Ridder was later purchased by the Sacramento-based McClatchy Company in June 2006 in a deal valued at $4.5 billion. The deal was contingent on McClatchy selling off 12 of the 32 newspapers it had just purchased, including The Monterey County Herald .\nOn April 26, 2006, it was announced that MediaNews Group, headed by William Dean Singleton, would purchase four of the \"orphan 12\", including the Herald, the Contra Costa Times and San Jose Mercury News, for $1 billion",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Daily News (Palo Alto)",
"paragraph_text": " York Times and McClatchy-Tribune (the former Knight-Ridder Tribune). Local columnists include John Angell Grant, Larry Magid and John Reid. Syndicated opinion columns include those by Bob Herbert, Thomas Friedman and Maureen Dowd.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Palo Alto Daily News debuted on December 7, 1995, with an initial circulation of 3,000. Within nine months, the paper was in the black. The paper generates all of its revenue from advertising. The original publishers, Jim Pavelich and Dave Price, understood that the advertising would reach more potential customers if the paper were free and thus widely available.\nThe newspaper's press run is determined by consumer demand; by 1997, the circulation had nearly tripled to 10,000 copies a day.\nOn August 9, 2000, the newspaper expanded into San Mateo County by opening three dailies, the San Mateo Daily News, Redwood City Daily News and Burlingame Daily News. These became the first free daily newspapers in San Mateo County, although within two years, other free dailies started in that area, replicating the format of the Daily News.\nOn May 15, 2002, the Daily News launched the Los Gatos Daily News. In addition to Los Gatos, it served Saratoga, Campbell, Cupertino and western San Jose.\nIn the first quarter of 2003, the combined circulation of the Daily News reached 55,000 per day, andThe Daily News, originally the Palo Alto Daily News, is a free newspaper owned by MediaNews Group and located in Menlo Park. It was formerly published seven days a week and at one point had a circulation of 67,000 (a figure that included five zoned editions which no longer exist). The \"Daily News\" is distributed in red newspaper racks and in stores, coffee shops, restaurants, schools and major workplaces. As of April 7, 2009 the paper ceased to be published as \"The Palo Alto Daily News\" and was consolidated with other San Francisco Peninsula \"Daily News\" titles; it published five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday. Weekday editions were delivered to selected homes. While continuing to publish daily online, \"The Daily News\" cut its print edition back to three days a week in 2013, and one day a week in 2015.TheThe Daily News, originally the Palo Alto Daily News, is a free newspaper owned by MediaNews Group and located in Menlo Park. It was formerly published seven days a week and at one point had a circulation of 67,000 (a figure that included five zoned editions which no longer exist). The \"Daily News\" is distributed in red newspaper racks and in stores, coffee shops, restaurants, schools and major workplaces. As of April 7, 2009 the paper ceased to be published as \"The Palo Alto Daily News\" and was consolidated with other San Francisco Peninsula \"Daily News\" titles; it published five days a week, Tuesday through Saturday. Weekday editions were delivered to selected homes. While continuing to publish daily online, \"The Daily News\" cut its print edition back to three days a week in 2013, and one day a week in 2015. Format and content ==\nOriginally, the Daily News had a distinctive format with pages that were 16 inches long and 10.75 inches wide, dimensions which were thought to make the Daily News easier to hold than traditional broadsheet papers, but allow more stories to be published per page than a typical tabloid.\nOn May 5, 2009, the paper went to a smaller page size (11-1/4 by 11-3/8 inches) to save money. \"The change also brands our newspaper as different than the local competition, and makes it easier for our on-the-go readers to carry around,\" an announcement to readers said. They now have a larger version than their original one, with different sections, like add-ins or inserts.\nThe newspaper prints a combination of local stories and news from a number of wire services including The Associated Press, Bay City News, The New York Times and McClatchy-Tribune (the former Knight-Ridder Tribune). Local columnists include John Angell Grant, Larry Magid and John Reid. Syndicated opinion columns include those by Bob Herbert, Thomas Friedman and Maureen Dowd.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Palo Alto Daily News debuted on December 7, 1995, with an initial circulation of 3,000. Within nine months, the paper was in the black. The paper generates all of its revenue from advertising. The original publishers, Jim Pavelich and Dave Price, understood that the advertising would reach more potential customers if the paper were free and thus widely available.\nThe newspaper's press run is determined by consumer demand; by 1997, the circulation had nearly tripled to 10,000 copies a day.\nOn August 9, 2000, the newspaper expanded into San Mateo County by opening three dailies, the San Mateo Daily News, Red",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which publisher emerged from the proprietor of The Daily News? | [
{
"id": 739909,
"question": "The Daily News >> owned by",
"answer": "MediaNews Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 807845,
"question": "#1 >> part of",
"answer": "Digital First Media",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Digital First Media | [
"MediaNews Group"
] | true | What publisher was formed from the owner of the The Daily News? |
4hop3__152056_698586_57596_54362 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "History of taxation in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The history of taxation in the United States begins with the colonial protest against British taxation policy in the 1760s, leading to the American Revolution. The independent nation collected taxes on imports (``tariffs ''), whiskey, and (for a while) on glass windows. States and localities collected poll taxes on voters and property taxes on land and commercial buildings. There are state and federal excise taxes. State and federal inheritance taxes began after 1900, while the states (but not the federal government) began collecting sales taxes in the 1930s. The United States imposed income taxes briefly during the Civil War and the 1890s. In 1913, the 16th Amendment was ratified, permanently legalizing an income tax. United States Constitution Article 1, Section 9 defines a direct tax. The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution did not create a new tax.\n\n\n== Colonial taxation ==\n\nTaxes were low at the local, colonial, and imperial levels throughout the colonial era. The issue that led to the Revolution was whether parliament had the right to impose taxes on the Americans when they were not represented in parliament.\n\n\n== Influential",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dunn Dunn",
"paragraph_text": " on six Democratic presidential campaigns over a period of 40 years.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nDunn was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, the daughter of Albert E. Babbitt and Carol (Hutto) Babbitt. Her uncle was the modernist composer Milton Babbitt. She attended Walter Johnson High School, graduating in 1976. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Maryland\"Dunn Dunn\", produced by Born Immaculate and DJ Pooh, is the second single from Shawty Lo's debut solo album, \"Units in the City\". Part of Shawty Lo's third single, \"Foolish,\" is played at the end. However, at the end of the video \"to be continued\" is seen on the screen. on July 31, 2024 to serve as a senior adviser to Future Forward and Future Forward USA Action. \nPreviously, she served as acting White House Communications Director in the Obama White House. Additionally, she served as managing director at SKDK, a strategic communications firm in Washington, D.C., and an advisor to the Biden presidential transition. Dunn has worked on six Democratic presidential campaigns over a period of 40 years.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nDunn was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, the daughter of Albert E. Babbitt and Carol (Hutto) Babbitt. Her uncle was the modernist composer Milton Babbitt. She attended Walter Johnson High School, graduating in 1976. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Maryland, College Park.\n\n\n== Career ==\nDunn began her career in the Carter White House, first as an intern for White House Communications Director Gerald Rafshoon and then worked for chief of staff Hamilton Jordan.\nShe worked on the campaign of U.S. Senator John Glenn (D-OH) in 1984, and on Capitol Hill before joining the firm founded by Bob Squier and William Knapp in 1993. She was the adviser and communications director to Senator Bill Bradley (D-NJ), and served as the chief strategist for his presidential campaign.\nDunn also served as advisor to Senator Evan Bayh (D-IN), former Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) and as communications director for Al Gore's presidential campaign in 2000.\nIn 2004, Dunn produced the media for Congressman Lloyd Doggett (D-TX). In 2006, she was hired by then-Senator Barack",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Shawty Lo discography",
"paragraph_text": " (Remix)\" (Rick Ross featuring Shawty Lo, Triple C's, Flo Rida, Brisco & Baby)\n\"My Bumper (Remix)\" (Cene featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Born & Raised\" (GhostWridah featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Money\" (Capone-n-Noreaga featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"My Way\" (Kieran featuring Shawty Lo & Yung Joc)\n\"So Fly (Remix)\" (Slim featuring Shawty Lo & Yung Joc)\n\"Gucci Bandanna\" (Soulja Boy Tell 'Em featuring Gucci Mane & Shawty Lo) iSouljaBoyTellEm\n\"Break Ya Ankles\" (E-40 featuring Shawty Lo) The Ball Street Journal\n\"Final Warning\" (DJ Khaled featuring Bun B, Bloodraw, Ace Hood, Brisco, Lil' Scrappy, Bali, Rock City, & Shawty Lo) We Global\n\"2 Sides\" (Killer Mike featuring Shawty Lo) I Pledge Allegiance to the Grind II\n\"Icey\" (Baby D featuring Gucci Mane & Shawty Lo) A-Town Secret Weapon\n2009\n\"Perfect Woman\" (Masspike Miles featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Let Me Do My Thang\" (Mims featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"17.5 (The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist).The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist).== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Mixtapes ===\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n== Other charted songs ==\n\n\n== Guest appearances ==\n\n2008\n\"WOW (Remix)\" (Kia Shine featuring Shawty Lo & Streetknok)\n\"This Is The Life (Remix)\" (Rick Ross featuring Shawty Lo, Triple C's, Flo Rida, Brisco & Baby)\n\"My Bumper (Remix)\" (Cene featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Born & Raised\" (GhostWridah featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Money\" (Capone-n-Noreaga featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"My Way\" (Kieran featuring Shawty Lo & Yung Joc)\n\"So Fly (Remix)\" (Slim featuring Shawty Lo & Yung Joc)\n\"Gucci Bandanna\" (Soulja Boy Tell 'Em featuring Gucci Mane & Shawty Lo) iSouljaBoyTellEm\n\"Break Ya Ankles\" (E-40 featuring Shawty Lo) The Ball Street Journal\n\"Final Warning\" (DJ Khaled featuring Bun B, Bloodraw, Ace Hood, Brisco, Lil' Scrappy, Bali, Rock City, & Shawty Lo) We Global\n\"2 Sides\" (Killer Mike featuring Shawty Lo) I Pledge Allegiance to the Grind II\n\"Icey\" (Baby D featuring Gucci Mane & Shawty Lo) A-Town Secret Weapon\n2009\n\"Perfect Woman\" (Masspike Miles featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"Let Me Do My Thang\" (Mims featuring Shawty Lo)\n\"17.5 (The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist).The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist).\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Mixtapes ===\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n== Other charted songs ==\n\n\n== Guest appearances ==",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Atlanta in the American Civil War",
"paragraph_text": " the zero-mile post. In 1860, Atlanta was a relatively small city ranking 99th in the United States in size with a population of 9,554 according to the 1860 United States (U.S.) Census. However, it was the 13th-largest city in what became the Confederate States of America. A large number of machine shops, foundries and other industrial concerns were soon established in Atlanta. The population swelled to nearly 22,000 as workers arrived for these new factories and warehouses.\nThe city was a vital transportation and logistics center, with several major railroads in the area. The Western & Atlantic Railroad connected the city with Chattanooga, Tennessee, 138 miles to the north. The Georgia Railway connected the city with Augusta to the east and the Confederate Powderworks on the Savannah River. The Macon & Western connected Atlanta to Macon and Savannah to its south. The fourth line, Atlanta and West Point Railroad, completed in 1854, connected Atlanta with West Point, Georgia. At West Point the line linked up with the Western Railway of Alabama, thus connecting Atlanta with Montgomery to its west. A series of roads radiated out from the city in all directions, connecting Atlanta with neighboring towns and states.\nThought to be relatively safe from Union forces early in the war, Atlanta rapidly became a concentration point for the Confederate quartermasters and logistics experts; warehouses were filled with food, forage, supplies, ammunition, clothing and other materiel critical to the Confederate States of America armies operating in the Western Theater.\nSome of the major manufacturing facilities supporting the Confederate war effort were:\n\nThe Atlanta Rolling Mill, established before the war, was significantly expanded and provided a major source for armor plating for Confederate Navy ironclads, including the CSS Virginia. It also refurbished railroad tracks.\nThe Confederate Pistol Factory made pistols.\nThe Novelty Iron Works produced ordnance supplies.\nConfederate Arsenal was located at the northwest corner of Walton and Peachtree Street.\nThe Empire Manufacturing Company made Railroad cars and bar iron.\nWinship Foundry produced great quantities of metal products, railroad supplies, freight cars, and iron bolts.\nAtlanta Machine Works produced ordnance. The cannons produced by the Atlanta Machine Works were rifled at the Western and Atlantic Roundhouse.\nW. S. Withers and Solomon Solomon Foundry made buttons, spurs, bits, buckles, etc.\nA Flour Mill was located at the northwest corner of Marietta and North Avenue.\nHammond Marshall Sword Factory manufactured swords.\nAtlanta Steam Tannery made leather goods for the army.\nThe Naval Ordnance Works wasIn 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what city, which was consumed by fire, did the artist of Dunn Dunn die during the war in which the income tax was initiated? | [
{
"id": 152056,
"question": "What label was responsible for Dunn Dunn?",
"answer": "Shawty Lo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 698586,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 57596,
"question": "when did income tax start in the united states",
"answer": "during the Civil War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 54362,
"question": "who burned down #2 in #3",
"answer": "Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood | [] | true | Who burned down the city where Dunn Dunn's artist died in the war during which income tax started? |
2hop__557743_92763 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "University of Miami",
"paragraph_text": "'s intercollegiate athletic teams are collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes and compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Its football team has won five national championships since 1983, andUniversity of Miami Latin: Universitas Miamiensis Motto Magna est veritas (Latin) Motto in English Great is the truth Type Private Established 1925; 93 years ago (1925) Academic affiliations NAICU SURA ORAU Endowment $949 million (2017) Budget $3.3 billion (2016) Chairman Richard D. Fain President Julio Frenk Provost Jeffrey Duerk Academic staff 3,045 Administrative staff 10,985 Students 16,801 Undergraduates 10,849 Postgraduates 5,952 Location Coral Gables, Florida, U.S. Campus Suburban Total 453 acres (1.83 km) Colors Orange, Green, White Nickname Hurricanes Sporting affiliations NCAA Division I -- ACC Mascot Sebastian the Ibis Website www.miami.edu",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Henry Latimer (judge)",
"paragraph_text": "Latimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's degree from Florida Atlantic University. After a brief stint as an investigator for the United States Department of Labor he went to law school, becoming one of the first African-Americans to graduate from the University of Miami Law School.Latimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's degree from Florida Atlantic University. After a brief stint as an investigator for the United States Department of Labor he went to law school, becoming one of the first African-Americans to graduate from the University of Miami Law School.Henry Latimer (January 22, 1938 – January 24, 2005) was the first African-American circuit court judge in Broward County, and was in line to become the first African-American president of the Florida Bar when he was killed in a car accident in South Florida. At the time, he was an attorney for the firm of Greenberg Traurig, a member of the Board of Trustees for the University of Miami, and a visiting professor who taught Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Florida International University College of Law.\nLatimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's degree from Florida Atlantic University. After a brief stint as an investigator for the United States Department of Labor he went to law school, becoming one of the first African-Americans to graduate from the University of Miami School of Law.\nLatimer was appointed to Broward Circuit Court by Governor Bob Graham in 1979. He was retained in that seat in an election the following year. He died in Broward County, Florida, when his car collided with debris on the road.\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Florida Bar Remembers Henry Latimer\nHenry Latimer: a life remembered\nGreenberg Traurig Shareholder Receives Honor From Broward County BarHenry Latimer (January 22, 1938 – January 24, 2005) was the first African-American circuit court judge in Broward County, and was in line to become the first African-American president of the Florida Bar when he was killed in a car accident in South Florida. At the time, he was an attorney for the firm of Greenberg Traurig, a member of the Board of Trustees for the University of Miami, and a visiting professor who taught Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Florida International University College of Law.\nLatimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's degree from Florida Atlantic University. After a brief stint as an investigator for the United States Department of Labor he went to law school, becoming one of the first African-Americans to graduate from the University of Miami School of Law.\nLatimer was appointed to Broward Circuit Court by Governor Bob Graham in 1979. He was retained in that seat in an election the following year. He died in Broward County, Florida, when his car collided with debris on the road.\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Florida Bar Remembers Henry Latimer\nHenry Latimer: a life remembered\nGreenberg Traurig Shareholder Receives Honor From Broward County BarHenry Latimer (January 22, 1938 – January 24, 2005) was the first African-American circuit court judge in Broward County, and was in line to become the first African-American president of the Florida Bar when he was killed in a car accident in South Florida. At the time, he was an attorney for the firm of Greenberg Traurig, a member of the Board of Trustees for the University of Miami, and a visiting professor who taught Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Florida International University College of Law.\nLatimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's degree from Florida Atlantic University. After a brief stint as an investigator for the United States Department of Labor he went to law school, becoming one of the first African-Americans to graduate from the University of Miami School of Law.\nLatimer was appointed to Broward Circuit Court by Governor Bob Graham in 1979. He was retained in that seat in an election the following year. He died in Broward County, Florida, when his car collided with debris on the road.\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Florida Bar Remembers Henry Latimer\nHenry Latimer: a life remembered\nGreenberg Traurig Shareholder Receives Honor From Broward County BarHenry Latimer (January 22, 1938 – January 24, 2005) was the first African-American circuit court judge in Broward County, and was in line to become the first African-American president of the Florida Bar when he was killed in a car accident in South Florida. At the time, he was an attorney for the firm of Greenberg Traurig, a member of the Board of Trustees for the University of Miami, and a visiting professor who taught Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Florida International University College of Law.\nLatimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's degree from Florida Atlantic University. After a brief stint as an investigator for the United States Department of Labor he went to law school, becoming one of the first African-Americans to graduate from the University of Miami School of Law.\nLatimer was appointed to Broward Circuit Court by Governor Bob Graham in 1979. He was retained in that seat in an election the following year. He died in Broward County, Florida, when his car collided with debris on the road.\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Florida Bar Remembers Henry Latimer\nHenry Latimer: a life remembered\nGreenberg Traurig Shareholder Receives Honor From Broward County BarHenry Latimer (January 22, 1938 – January 24, 2005) was the first African-American circuit court judge in Broward County, and was in line to become the first African-American president of the Florida Bar when he was killed in a car accident in South Florida. At the time, he was an attorney for the firm of Greenberg Traurig, a member of the Board of Trustees for the University of Miami, and a visiting professor who taught Alternative Dispute Resolution in the Florida International University College of Law.\nLatimer was born in Ocilla, Georgia, and grew up amidst segregation in Jacksonville, Florida. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida A&M University and a master's",
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] | What is the number of students enrolled at the educational institution where Henry Latimer studied? | [
{
"id": 557743,
"question": "Henry Latimer >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Miami",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
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{
"id": 92763,
"question": "what is the enrollment at #1",
"answer": "16,801",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 16,801 | [] | true | What is the enrollment at Henry Latimer's alma mater? |
2hop__242753_658778 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Gustav Klimt",
"paragraph_text": ".\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\n\nGustav Klimt was born in Baumgarten, near Vienna in the Austrian Empire, the second of sevenGustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism. In addition to his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Among the artists of the Vienna Secession, Klimt was the most influenced by Japanese art and its methods.GGustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism. In addition to his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Among the artists of the Vienna Secession, Klimt was the most influenced by Japanese art and its methods., he was a successful painter of architectural decorations in a conventional manner. As he began to develop a more personal style, his work was the subject of controversy that culminated when the paintings he completed around 1900 for the ceiling of the Great Hall of the University of Vienna were criticized as pornographic. He subsequently accepted no more public commissions, but achieved a new success with the paintings of his \"golden phase\", many of which include gold leaf. Klimt's work was an important influence on his younger peer Egon Schiele.\nSince the 1990s, he has been one of the artists whose paintings fetch top prices at auctions.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\n\nGustav Klimt was born in Baumgarten, near Vienna in the Austrian Empire, the second of sevenGustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was the female body, and his works are marked by a frank eroticism. In addition to his figurative works, which include allegories and portraits, he painted landscapes. Among the artists of the Vienna Secession, Klimt was the most influenced by Japanese art and its methods.Gustav Klimt (14 July 1862 – 6 February 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Secession movement. Klimt is noted for his paintings, murals, sketches, and other objets d'art. Klimt's primary subject was the",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Judith and the Head of Holofernes",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nJudith was the biblical heroine who seduced and then decapitated General Holofernes in order to save her home city of Bethulia from destruction by the Assyrian army. When Klimt addressed the biblical theme of Judith, the historical course of art had already codified its main interpretation and preferred representation. Many paintings exist describing the episode in a heroic manner, especially expressing Judith's courage and virtuous nature. Judith appears as God's instrument of salvation, but the violence of her action cannot be denied and is dramatically shown in Caravaggio's rendering, as well as those of Gentileschi and Bigot. Other representations have depicted the subsequent moment, when a dazed Judith holds Holofernes' severed head, as Moreau and Allori anticipate in their suggestive mythological paintings.\nKlimt deliberately ignores any narrative reference whatsoever and concentrates his pictorial rendering solely on to Judith, so much so that he cuts off Holofernes' head at the right margin. And there is no trace of a bloodied sword as if the heroine would have used a different weapon: an omission that legitimates association with Salome. The moment preceding the killing – the seduction of Nebuchadnezzar's general – seems to coalesce with the conclusive part of the story.\n\nJudith I shares elements of its composition and symbolism with The Sin by Franz Stuck: the temptation illustrated by the German painter becomes the model for Klimt's femme fatale by suggesting the posture of the disrobed and evJudith and the Head of Holofernes (also known as Judith I) is an oil painting by Gustav Klimt created in 1901. It depicts the biblical character of Judith holding the severed head of Holofernes.JJudith and the Head of Holofernes (also known as Judith I) is an oil painting by Gustav Klimt created in 1901. It depicts the biblical character of Judith holding the severed head of Holofernes. the head of Holofernes after beheading him. The beheading and its aftermath have been commonly portrayed in art since the Renaissance, and Klimt himself would paint a second work depicting the subject in 1909.\n\n\n== Context and influences ==\nJudith was the biblical heroine who seduced and then decapitated General Holofernes in order to save her home city of Bethulia from destruction by the Assyrian army. When Klimt addressed the biblical theme of Judith, the historical course of art had already codified its main interpretation and preferred representation. Many paintings exist describing the episode in a heroic manner, especially expressing Judith's courage and virtuous nature. Judith appears as God's instrument of salvation, but the violence of her action cannot be denied and is dramatically shown in Caravaggio's rendering, as well as those of Gentileschi and Bigot. Other representations have depicted the subsequent moment, when a dazed Judith holds Holofernes' severed head, as Moreau and Allori anticipate in their suggestive mythological paintings.\nKlimt deliberately ignores any narrative reference whatsoever and concentrates his pictorial rendering solely on to Judith, so much so that he cuts off Holofernes' head at the right margin. And there is no trace of a bloodied sword as if the heroine would have used a different weapon: an omission that legitimates association with Salome. The moment preceding the killing – the seduction of Nebuchadnezzar's general – seems to coalesce with the conclusive part of the story.\n\nJudith I shares elements of its composition and symbolism with The Sin by Franz Stuck: the temptation illustrated by the German painter becomes the model for Klimt's femme fatale by suggesting the posture of the disrobed and evJudith and the Head of Holofernes (also known as Judith I) is an oil painting by Gustav Klimt created in 1901. It depicts the biblical character of Judith holding the severed head of Holofernes.Judith and the Head of Holofernes (also known as Judith I, German: Judith und Holofernes) is an oil painting by Gustav Klimt, painted in 1901. It depicts the biblical figure Judith holding the head of Holofernes after beheading him. The beheading and its aftermath have been commonly portrayed in art since the Renaissance, and Klimt himself would paint a second work depicting the subject in 1909.\n\n\n== Context and influences ==\nJudith was the biblical heroine who seduced and then decapitated General Holofernes in order to save her home city of Bethulia from destruction by the Assyrian army. When Klimt addressed the biblical theme of Judith, the historical course of art had already codified its main interpretation and preferred representation. Many paintings exist describing the episode in a heroic manner, especially expressing Judith's courage and virtuous nature. Judith appears as God's instrument of salvation, but the violence of her action cannot be denied and is dramatically shown in Caravaggio's rendering, as well as those of Gentileschi and Bigot. Other representations have depicted the subsequent moment, when a dazed Judith holds Holofernes' severed head, as Moreau and Allori anticipate in their suggestive mythological paintings.\nKlimt deliberately ignores any narrative reference whatsoever and concentrates his pictorial rendering solely on to Judith, so much so that he cuts off Holofernes' head at the right margin. And there is no trace of a bloodied sword as if the heroine would have used a different weapon: an omission that legitimates association with Salome",
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] | Which association does the artist who made Judith and the Head of Holofernes belong to? | [
{
"id": 242753,
"question": "Judith and the Head of Holofernes >> creator",
"answer": "Gustav Klimt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 658778,
"question": "#1 >> member of",
"answer": "Vienna Secession",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Vienna Secession | [] | true | What group is the creator of Judith and the Head of Holofernes a member of? |
2hop__61714_64633 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Pam Beesly",
"paragraph_text": "?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc.\"\nPam Halpert appeared in almost every episode with the exceptions of \"Business Ethics\", \"St. Patrick's Day\", and \"New Leads\" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from \"Mrs. California\" to \"Pool Party\", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave at the same time as the character.\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–3 ===\nAt the beginning of the series, Pam and Roy have been dating for eight years and engaged for three years. Their open-ended engagement has become one of Michael's running gags and a sore spot for Pam.\nPam does not want her current job to become permanent, remarking that \"I don't think it's many little girls' dream to be a receptionist.\" She will often do extra, unnecessary work to make her other co-workers happy. Pam is apathetic toward her work, evidenced by her frequent games of FreeCell on her office computer. However, in the pilot episode, she breaks down crying when Michael pulls an ill-judged prank by telling her that she will be fired.\nDespite the abuse she takes from Michael in the early seasons, Pam becomes more honest and forward with Michael as the series progresses, often making sarcastic comments toward him.\nWhile engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin \"Casino Night\" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says \"Yeah, I think I am\" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing him back.\nSeason 3 marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears less passive and more self-assured as the season progresses. In \"Gay Witch Hunt\", the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all. Meanwhile, Jim has transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car. When the Scranton and Stamford branches merge, Jim returns to Scranton alongside a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch; after Jim returns to Scranton, the encounters between the two are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.\nRoy vows to win Pam back, and after his initial efforts to improve his relationship with Pam are successful, the two get back together. After attending an after-work get-together at a local bar with their co-workers, Pam, feeling that she should be more honest with Roy, tells him about Jim kissing her at the casino night. An angered Roy yells, smashes a mirror, and trashes the bar. Pam, frightened and embarrassed by his reaction, breaks up with Roy immediately. Roy vows to kill Jim and in \"The Negotiation\", Roy unsuccessfully tries to attack Jim at work when he is pepper sprayed by Dwight; Roy is subsequently fired. Pam later reluctantly agrees to meet Roy for coffee at his request, and after the polite but brief meeting, it appears that their relationship has ended amicably, with Roy encouraging Pam to pursue Jim.\nPam participates in an art show, but few people attend. When Oscar and his partner visit the art show, they criticize Pam's work, not knowing that Pam is standing behind them. Affected by their statements, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next-to-last episode of the season, \"Beach Games\", and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his loyalty and erratically kind heart by offering genuine and enthuaiastic praise of Pam's art, and by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, \"The Job\", she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he isThe ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,``The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "The Negotiation",
"paragraph_text": ", usually when they are unable to do so by themselves. Mediated negotiation can be contrasted with the arbitration, where conflicting parties commit to accepting the decision of a third party. Negotiations in the workplace can impact the entire organization performance.\nNegotiation theorists generally distinguish between two primary types of negotiation: distributive negotiation and integrative negotiation. The type of negotiation that takes place is dependent on the mindset of the negotiators and the situation of the negotiation. For example, one-off encounters where lasting relationships do not occur are more likely to produce distributive negotiations whereas lasting relationships are more likely to require integrative negotiating. Theorists vary in their labeling and definition of these two fundamental types.\n\n\n=== Distributive negotiation ===\n\nDistributive negotiation, compromise, positional negotiation, or hard-bargaining``The Negotiation ''(originally titled`` Labor Negotiation'') is the nineteenth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the show's forty - seventh episode overall. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Roy Anderson (David Denman) tries to attack Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) for kissing Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) on Casino Night, only to be pepper - sprayed by Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson). Jim repeatedly tries to thank Dwight for his actions, but each attempt is rejected. Meanwhile, with Roy fired, Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) asks for a raise and is astounded when he learns that this raise would cause him to be paid more than his boss, Michael Scott (Steve Carell).``The Negotiation ''(originally titled`` Labor Negotiation'') is the nineteenth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the show's forty - seventh episode overall. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Roy Anderson (David Denman) tries to attack Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) for kissing Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) on Casino Night, only to be pepper - sprayed by Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson). Jim repeatedly tries to thank Dwight for his actions, but each attempt is rejected. Meanwhile, with Roy fired, Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) asks for a raise and is astounded when he learns that this raise would cause him to be paid more than his boss, Michael Scott (Steve Carell). and legal proceedings, and personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, friendship, etc. Professional negotiators are often specialized. Examples of professional negotiators include union negotiators, leverage buyout negotiators, peace negotiators, and hostage negotiators. They may also work under other titles, such as diplomats, legislators, or arbitrators. Negotiations may also be conducted by algorithms or machines in what is known as automated negotiation. In automated negotiation, the participants and process have to be modeled correctly. Recent negotiation embraces complexity.\n\n\n== Types ==\n\nNegotiation can take a variety of forms in different contexts. These may include conferences between members of the United Nations to establish international norms, meetings between combatants to end a military conflict, meetings",
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] | In which episode of The Office does Dwight rescue Pam's spouse from Roy? | [
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"id": 61714,
"question": "who is pam married to on the office",
"answer": "Jim",
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"id": 64633,
"question": "what episode of the office does dwight saves #1 from roy",
"answer": "``The Negotiation ''",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | ``The Negotiation '' | [
"Negotiation",
"negotiation"
] | true | In what episode of The Office does Dwight save Pam's husband from Roy? |
2hop__135336_461854 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Darlings of the Gods",
"paragraph_text": "ry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Suzanne Farrington",
"paragraph_text": " a baby – a girl.\" The birth was difficult: Farrington was born a month prematurely and the delivery was not an easy one. It was several weeks before mother and daughter came home, but once there it did not take Leigh long to become bored, as the household was being run quite adequately by the staff, and the baby was tended to by the nurse-nanny. The Holman household consisted of a maid, cook and Nanny Oake who had been hired to care for the baby. \nAlthough Leigh concentrated on her acting career, soon receiving good notices in the play The Mask of Virtue, she did occasionally appear in the role of the new mother, being photographed holding her baby. Leigh became more involved in and more successful with her acting career, while Holman and her daughter became less important.\nAlthough Leigh initially had great concern for her daughter's well-being, her career was paramount. In Leigh's own words, \"I loved my baby as every mother does, but with the clear-cut sincerity of youth I realised that I could not abandonSuzanne Farrington (née Holman; 12 October 1933 – 1 March 2015) was a British actress. She was the only child of Vivien Leigh and her first husband, Herbert Leigh Holman. Upon her mother's death, Farrington was bequeathed her mother's papers, including her letters, photographs, contracts and diaries.SSuzanne Farrington (née Holman; 12 October 1933 – 1 March 2015) was a British actress. She was the only child of Vivien Leigh and her first husband, Herbert Leigh Holman. Upon her mother's death, Farrington was bequeathed her mother's papers, including her letters, photographs, contracts and diaries.Farrington was born Suzanne Holman on 12 October 1933 at a nursing home at 8 Bulstrode Street, London. Her mother, Vivien Leigh, was 19 years old, and had been married to Farrington's father, barrister Herbert Leigh Holman, for less than a year. Leigh's diary entry on this day simply read: \"Had a baby – a girl.\" The birth was difficult: Farrington was born a month prematurely and the delivery was not an easy one. It was several weeks before mother and daughter came home, but once there it did not take Leigh long to become bored, as the household was being run quite adequately by the staff, and the baby was tended to by the nurse-nanny. The Holman household consisted of a maid, cook and Nanny Oake who had been hired to care for the baby. \nAlthough Leigh concentrated on her acting career, soon receiving good notices in the play The Mask of Virtue, she did occasionally appear in the role of the new mother, being photographed holding her baby. Leigh became more involved in and more successful with her acting career, while Holman and her daughter became less important.\nAlthough Leigh initially had great concern for her daughter's well-being, her career was paramount. In Leigh's own words, \"I loved my baby as every mother does, but with the clear-cut sincerity of youth I realised that I could not abandonSuzanne Farrington (née Holman; 12 October 1933 – 1 March 2015) was a British actress. She was the only child of Vivien Leigh and her first husband, Herbert Leigh Holman. Upon her mother's death, Farrington was bequeathed her mother's papers, including her letters, photographs, contracts and diaries.Suzanne Farrington (née Holman; 12 October 1933 – 1 March 2015) was the only child of British actress Vivien Leigh and her first husband, Herbert Leigh Holman. Upon her mother's death, Farrington was bequeathed her mother's papers, including her letters, photographs, contracts and diaries.\n\n\n== Early years ==\nFarrington was born Suzanne Holman on 12 October 1933 at a nursing home at 8 Bulstrode Street, London. Her mother, Vivien Leigh, was",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was the husband of the mother of Suzanne Farrington? | [
{
"id": 135336,
"question": "Who was the mother of Suzanne Farrington?",
"answer": "Vivien Leigh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 461854,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Laurence Olivier",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Laurence Olivier | [] | true | Who was Suzanne Farrington's mother's spouse? |
4hop3__719125_132409_223216_35031 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album E",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": " climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.San Diego County ( ), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of theThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pathology (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Scars (Papa Roach song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs, Papa Roach has performed \"Scars\" live with Spanish lyrics.\"Scars\" is the second single from the band Papa Roach's fourth album, \"Getting Away with Murder\", and seventh released single in total. As with several of their other songs,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is the city, known for Pathology, located in relation to the five largest metropolitan areas in the US state where the band that performs Scars originated? | [
{
"id": 719125,
"question": "Scars >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 223216,
"question": "Pathology >> location of formation",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | third-largest | [] | true | In the top five largest urban areas in the US state in which the band performing Scars was formed, where does the city having Pathology rank? |
3hop1__773338_42197_18397 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Yuri Bogatyryov",
"paragraph_text": " of painting and after the eighth grade he left the school to join the Mikhail Kalinin Art College There, after meeting a member of a youth puppet theatre/studio Globus, he became interested in theater. In 1966 Bogatyryov enrolled in the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute and after the graduation joined the Moscow Sovremennik Theatre where he worked up until 1977, to move then to the Moscow Art Theater. Critic and writer Vitaly Wolf recalled: \"I remember well him joining the troupe in 1971. He was popular: everybody saw the boy had talent. He was very nervous, very kind and extraordinarily open-hearted. His tutor Katin-Yartsev used to tell me how worried he was about Bogatyryov's openness and vulnerability.\"\nIn 1970 Bogatyryov debuted on the big screen in Nikita Mikhalkov's short film The Calm Day in the End of the War. The actor became famous four years later after starring in Mikhalkov's 'Soviet western' At Home Among Strangers, as Shilov, a Red Army soldier. Critically acclaimed were his performances in three more Mikhalkov's features, An Unfinished Piece for a Mechanical Piano (1976, based on Chekhov's stories), A Few Days from the Life of I. I. Oblomov (1979, the adaptation of Ivan Goncharov's classic), and Family Relations (Rodnya, 1981). Bogatyryov also starred in the TV series Two Captains (1976, based on Veniamin Kaverin's novel) and an epic Declaration of Love (Obyasnenye v lyubvi, 1978).\nIn his later years Bogatyryov experienced severe psychological problems, associated with his bisexuality (the homosexual side of which he apparently was trying to suppress), troubled personal life, financial problems, drugs and alcohol abuse. He died on 2 February 1989, after a dose of clonidine injected by a paramedics' team (called to deal with a heart attack he suffered) clashed with antidepressants he had taken earlier and a large dose of alcohol. Yuri Bogatyryov was buried at the Vagankovo Cemetery on 6 February.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nYuri Bogaturyov's death at the age of 41 was deplored by critics as a tragic loss of one of the country's most gifted and unusual actors. \"There was no one like him, before or after. It looks like he'd come and gone so quick just to leave us this unfathomable enigma of his phenomenon to marvel at,\" wrote the Encyclopedia of the Soviet Cinema (2001). According to critic I. Pavlova, Bogatyryov was impossible to classify. \"A two-meter giant, he could easily play a bravest knight (or the chekist Yegor Shilov in At Home Among Strangers), then turn into an ecstatically maudlin idiot Manilov in Gogol's Dead Souls. One moment his body could be steel-and spring-like, and he'd sport unequalled strength and agility. The next it would turn all wadded and quilt-like, as if lacking spinal cord... Immensely gifted, he was a wealth of the artistic 'material' in its pure form: fantastically pliable, filling any shape or formYuri Georgiyevich Bogatyryov (; 2 March 1947, Riga, Latvian SSR — 2 February 1989, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet actor, best known for his roles in five films by Nikita Mikhalkov, including \"At Home Among Strangers\" (1974). Bogatyryov, one of the leading actors of Sovremennik (1971-1977) and then Moscow Art Theater (1977-1989), was designated People's Artist of Russia in 1988.YYuri Georgiyevich Bogatyryov (; 2 March 1947, Riga, Latvian SSR — 2 February 1989, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet actor, best known for his roles in five films by Nikita Mikhalkov, including \"At Home Among Strangers\" (1974). Bogatyryov, one of the leading actors of Sovremennik (1971-1977) and then Moscow Art Theater (1977-1989), was designated People's Artist of Russia in 1988. five films by Nikita Mikhalkov, including At Home Among Strangers (1974). Bogatyryov, one of the leading actors of Sovremennik (1971–1977) and then Moscow Art Theater (1977–1989), was designated People's Artist of Russia in 1988.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nYuri Georgiyevich Bogatyryov was born in Riga, Latvia, to the Soviet Navy officer Georgy Andrianovich Bogatyryov. In 1953 the family moved to Moscow. Yuri was fond of painting and after the eighth grade he left the school to join the Mikhail Kalinin Art College There, after meeting a member of a youth puppet theatre/studio Globus, he became interested in theater. In 1966 Bogatyryov enrolled in the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute and after the graduation joined the Moscow Sovremennik Theatre where he worked up until 1977, to move then to the Moscow Art Theater. Critic and writer Vitaly Wolf recalled: \"I remember well him joining the troupe in 1971. He was popular: everybody saw the boy had talent. He was very nervous, very kind and extraordinarily open-hearted. His tutor Katin-Yartsev used to tell me how worried he was about Bogatyryov's openness and vulnerability.\"\nIn 1970 Bogatyryov debuted on the big screen in Nikita Mikhalkov's short film The Calm Day in the End of the War. The actor became famous four years later after starring in Mikhalkov's 'Soviet western' At Home Among Strangers, as Shilov, a Red Army soldier. Critically acclaimed were his performances in three more Mikhalkov's features, An Unfinished Piece for a Mechanical Piano (1976, based on Chekhov's stories), A Few Days from the Life of I. I. Oblomov (1979, the adaptation of Ivan Goncharov's classic), and Family Relations (Rodnya, 1981). Bogatyryov also starred in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creatingTrotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests that the civilian portion ofOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where did the individual, who asserted that Yuri Bogatyryov's nationality had turned into an empire, announce his intention to step into the Korean dispute? | [
{
"id": 773338,
"question": "Yuri Bogatyryov >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 42197,
"question": "Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?",
"answer": "Mao Zedong",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 18397,
"question": "Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?",
"answer": "the Politburo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | the Politburo | [
"Politburo"
] | true | Where did the arguer that Yuri Bogatyryov's country of citizenship had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict? |
2hop__153573_44085 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Mickey Mouse Club",
"paragraph_text": " at Darlington's Arcade Cinema. In 1935, Disney began to phase out the club.\n\n\n== The original: 1955–59 show ==\n\n\n=== Members ===\n\nThe Mickey Mouse Club was hosted by Jimmie Dodd, a songwriter and the Head Mouseketeer, who provided leadership both on and off the screen. In addition to his other contributions, he often provided short segments encouraging younger viewers to make the right moral choices. These little \"homilies\" became known as \"Doddisms\". Roy Williams, a staff artist at Disney, also appeared in the show as the Big Mouseketeer. Williams suggested that the Mickey and Minnie Mouse ears should be worn by the show's cast members. Inspired by a visual gag in The Karnival Kid, he helped create these ears, along with Chuck Keehne, Hal Adelquist, and Bill Walsh.\nThe main cast members were called Mouseketeers, and they performed in a variety of musical and dance numbers, as well as some informational segments. The most popular of the Mouseketeers constituted the so-called Red Team, which was kept under contract for the entire run of the show (1955–1959). Its members included:\n\nSharon Baird\nBobby Burgess\nLonnie Burr\nTommy Cole\nAnnette Funicello\nDarlene Gillespie\nCubby O'Brien\nKaren Pendleton\nDoreen Tracey\nOther Mouseketeers who were Red Team members but did not star on the show for all three seasons included:\n\nCheryl Holdridge (second and third year)\nNancy Abbate (only first year)\nJohnny Crawford (only first year)\nDennis Day (first and second year; was in the blue team for most of the first year, but he moved to the red team at the end of the first year)\nMike Smith (only first year)\nJay-Jay Solari (only second year)\nDon Underhill (only first year; joined the blue team by the end of the first year)\nThe remaining Mouseketeers, who were members of the White or Blue Teams, were Don Agrati (who was later known as Don Grady when he starred as \"Robbie\" on My Three Sons), Sherry Alberoni, Billie Jean Beanblossom, Eileen Diamond, Dickie Dodd (not related to Jimmie Dodd), Mary Espinosa, Bonnie Lynn Fields, Judy Harriet, Linda Hughes, Dallas Johann, John Lee Johann, Bonni Lou Kern, Charlie Laney, Larry Larsen, Paul Petersen, Lynn Ready, Mickey Rooney Jr., Tim Rooney, Mary Sartori, Bronson Scott, Margene Storey, Ronnie Steiner, and Mark Sutherland. Larry Larsen, on only for the 1956–57 season, was the oldest Mouseketeer, being born in 1939, and Bronson Scott, on only the 1955–56 season, was the youngest Mouseketeer, being born in July 1947. Among the thousands who auditioned but did not make the cut were future Oscar-winning vocalist/songwriter Paul Williams and future Primetime Emmy Award-winning actress Candice Bergen.\nThe 39 Mouseketeers and the seasons in which they were featured (with the team color which they belonged to are listed for each season):\n\nNotes: Cole and Day were originally Blue Team members, but were promoted to the Red Team later in the first season.\nJohann, Petersen, and the Rooney brothers were all let go early in the first season. Dallas's brother John Lee replaced him, while Dodd and Steiner were hired as replacements for the Rooney brothers.\nFor the show'sThe Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.TheThe Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show that aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned in 2017 to social media. Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions, the program was first televised in 1955 by ABC, featuring a regular but ever - changing cast of mostly teen performers. ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958 -- 1959 season, airing right after American Bandstand. The show was revived after its initial 1955 -- 1959 run on ABC, first from 1977 -- 1979 for first - run syndication, again from 1989 -- 1996 as The All - New Mickey Mouse Club (also known to fans as MMC from 1993 -- 1996) airing exclusively on cable television's The Disney Channel, then rebooted in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media.8 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing on internet social media. \nThe character of Mickey Mouse appeared in every show, not only in vintage cartoons originally made for theatrical release, but also in the opening, interstitial, and closing segments made especially for the show. In both the vintage cartoons and new animated segments, Mickey was voiced by his creator Walt Disney (Disney had previously voiced the character theatrically from 1928 to 1947 before being replaced by sound effects artist Jimmy MacDonald).\n\n\n== Before the TV series ==\nThe first official theater-based Mickey Mouse Club began on January 11, 1930, at the Fox Dome Theater in Ocean Park, California, with 60 theaters hosting clubs by March 31. The Club released its first issue of the Official Bulletin of the Mickey Mouse Club on April 15, 1930. By 1932, the club had one million members, and in 1933 its first UK club opened at Darlington's Arcade Cinema. In 1935, Disney began to phase out the club.\n\n\n== The original: 1955–59 show ==\n\n\n=== Members ===\n\nThe Mickey Mouse Club was hosted by Jimmie Dodd, a songwriter and the Head Mouseketeer, who provided leadership both on and off the screen. In addition to his other contributions, he often provided short segments encouraging younger viewers to make the right moral choices. These little \"homilies\" became known as \"Doddisms\". Roy Williams, a staff artist at Disney, also appeared in the show as the Big Mouseketeer. Williams suggested that the Mickey and Minnie Mouse ears should be worn by the show's cast members. Inspired by a visual gag in The Karnival Kid, he helped create these ears, along with Chuck Keehne, Hal Adelquist, and Bill Walsh.\nThe main cast members were called Mouseketeers, and they performed in a variety of musical and dance numbers, as well as some informational segments. The most popular of the Mouseketeers constituted the so-called Red Team, which was kept under contract for the entire run of the show (1955–1959",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland",
"paragraph_text": " voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes threeMickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty.MMickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty. six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including:",
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] | What was the title of the show inspired by the character from the video game, Mickey's Safari in Letterland? | [
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"id": 153573,
"question": "What series is Mickey's Safari in Letterland from?",
"answer": "Mickey Mouse",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
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{
"id": 44085,
"question": "what was the old #1 show called",
"answer": "The Mickey Mouse Club",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | The Mickey Mouse Club | [] | true | What was the show named after the character featured in the video game Mickey's Safari in Letterland? |
2hop__166484_798067 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jinjiang, Fujian",
"paragraph_text": " Portugal.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\n\nJinjiang has six subdistrictsJinjiang () is a county-level city of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province, on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010.JJinjiang () is a county-level city of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province, on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010. Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of 721.7 square kilometres (278.6 sq mi) and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010.\nJinjiang has the only extant Manichean temple in China (Cao'an temple) and is near the eastern end of the world's longest estimated straight-line (great circle) path over land, at 11,241 km (6,985 mi), ending near Sagres, Portugal.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\n\nJinjiang has six subdistrictsJinjiang () is a county-level city of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province, on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010.Jinjiang City (Chinese: ���江市; pinyin: Jìnjiāng; Pe��h-ōe-jī: Chìn-kang) is a county-level city under Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province (Minnan), on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze and Licheng. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of 721.7 square kilometres (278.6 sq mi) and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010.\nJinjiang has the only extant Manichean temple in China (Cao'an temple) and is near the eastern end of the world's longest estimated straight-line (great circle) path over land, at 11,241 km (6,985 mi), ending near Sagres, Portugal.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\n\nJinjiang has six subdistricts and 13 towns:\n\nSubdistricts\nLingyuan (��源��道)\nLuoshan (��山��道)\nMeiling (�������道)\nQingyang (��阳��道)\nXintang (新����道)\nXiyuan (西����道)\nTowns\nAnhai (安海��)\n",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Zuchang Gymnasium",
"paragraph_text": " Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian XunxingZuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.ZZuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association. Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.\n\n\n== References ==Zuch",
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] | In which administrative district, where Zuchang Gymnasium is situated, is considered a part of? | [
{
"id": 166484,
"question": "Zuchang Gymnasium >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Jinjiang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
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"id": 798067,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Quanzhou",
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] | Quanzhou | [
"Fujian Province"
] | true | What is the administrative territorial entity of the administrative territorial entity Zuchang Gymnasium is located? |
2hop__83460_456238 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Texian Army",
"paragraph_text": " small militias to protect themselves against raids by Indian tribes.\n\nUnder President Antonio López de Santa Anna the government of Mexico began to drift towards a more centralist form. In 1835 Santa Anna revoked the Constitution of 1824 and began reigning as a dictator. In various parts of the country federalists revolted.\nIn September 1835, Colonel Domingo Ugartechea, the military commander of the Mexican forces at San Antonio de Bexar set troops to recover a small cannon that had been given to the Texian Militia of Gonzales for protection. When the Mexican troops, under Lieutenant Francisco de Castañeda, reached Gonzales, Texian commander Captain Albert Martin convinced the troops to wait for several days. Martin then sent messengers to other English-speaking settlements, asking for reinforcements to help protect the cannon.\nWithin several days, militias from Fayette County and Columbus arrived. In Gonzales, the Texian Militias combined to form the Texian Army and chose John Henry Moore as their captain, Joseph Washington Elliot Wallace as a lieutenant colonel, and Edward Burleson as major. The first military action taken by the new army was the Battle of Gonzales on October 2, 1835. After a skirmish, the Mexican troops withdrew to San Antonio, leaving the cannon with the Texians. After the battle ended, disgruntled colonists continued to assemble in Gonzales, eager to put a decisive end to Mexican control over the area. The Committee of Safety at San Felipe named the gathering \"The Army of the People.\"\n\nWithin a week, the men had taken the Mexican post at Goliad. On October 11, the disorganized volunteers elected Stephen F. Austin, who had settled Texas's first English-speaking colonists in 1821, as their commander-in-chief. Austin had only two months of military experience in the Missouri First Regiment of Mounted Militia under Colonel Alexander McNair, where he earned the rank of quartermaster sergeant, but he saw no combat.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nIn 1836, Texas had a population of 40,000 people. Approximately 2,000 of the citizens, around 5% of the population, served in the army at some point between October 1835 and April 1846. Still, Historian Paul Lack argues that \"for a people of such fabled militance, the Texians turned out for army duty in the period of crisis at a low rate of participation\". The army was augmented with volunteers from the United States.\nOverall, 3,685 men served in the Army of the People between October 1, 1835 and April 21, 1836. Forty percent of them had emigrated after October 1. Of the Texians, 57.8% were residents of the Department of the Brazos, 10.4% of the Department of Bexar, and 31.7% from the Department of Nacogdoches.The Texian Army, also known as the Army of Texas and the Army of the People, was a military organization consisting of volunteer and regular soldiers who fought against the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution. Approximately 3,700 men joined the army between October 2, 1835, during the Battle of Gonzales through the end of the war on April 21, 1836, at the Battle of San Jacinto. After gaining independence the Texian Army would be officially known as the Army of the Republic of Texas. In 1846, after the annexation of Texas by the United States, the Army of the Republic of Texas merged with the US Army. Sam Houston became the new commander in chief of the new Texas army.The TexThe Texian Army, also known as the Army of Texas and the Army of the People, was a military organization consisting of volunteer and regular soldiers who fought against the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution. Approximately 3,700 men joined the army between October 2, 1835, during the Battle of Gonzales through the end of the war on April 21, 1836, at the Battle of San Jacinto. After gaining independence the Texian Army would be officially known as the Army of the Republic of Texas. In 1846, after the annexation of Texas by the United States, the Army of the Republic of Texas merged with the US Army. Sam Houston became the new commander in chief of the new Texas army. former Spanish province of Texas became part of the Mexican state Coahuila y Tejas. Many of the people who lived in Texas, which had included the land north of the Medina and the Nueces Rivers, 100 miles (161 km) northeast of the Rio Grande, west of San Antonio de Bexar, and east of the Sabine River, wished to be a separate state again. For the first time, the government of Texas encouraged immigrants from the United States to settle its lands. By 1834, an estimated 30,000 English speakers lived in Texas, compared to only 7,800 of Spanish heritage. The bankrupt Mexican government was unable to offer Texas much military support. Many of the settlements had created small militias to protect themselves against raids by Indian tribes.\n\nUnder President Antonio López de Santa Anna the government of Mexico began to drift towards a more centralist form. In 1835 Santa Anna revoked the Constitution of 1824 and began reigning as a dictator",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Sam Houston National Forest",
"paragraph_text": " rise to over 110 °F (43 °C). The average rainfall is 44 inches (1.1 m). Normally dryer periods occur during September – October and February – March.\n\n\n== Early history ==\nThe three counties that contain the Sam Houston National Forest, Montgomery, San Jacinto, and Walker, have yielded evidence of human occupation dating back 12,000 years. More recently, the basins of the San Jacinto and Trinity Rivers were homeThe Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas. The units include Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, plus Caddo National Grassland and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland. There are local ranger district offices located in New Waverly.TheThe Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas. The units include Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, plus Caddo National Grassland and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland. There are local ranger district offices located in New Waverly. It is located in portions of three Texas counties including Montgomery, San Jacinto, and Walker. \n\n\n== Climate ==\nSummers in the Sam Houston National Forest are hot and humid and winters generally are short and mild. The average summer temperature is 83 °F (28 °C), but mid-summer temperatures often reach the upper 90s °F (30s °C). The average winter temperature is 53 °F (12 °C). Rarely do temperatures drop to less than 10 °F (-12 °C) or rise to over 110 °F (43 °C). The average rainfall is 44 inches (1.1 m). Normally dryer periods occur during September – October and February – March.\n\n\n== Early history ==\nThe three counties that contain the Sam Houston National Forest, Montgomery, San Jacinto, and Walker, have yielded evidence of human occupation dating back 12,000 years. More recently, the basins of the San Jacinto and Trinity Rivers were homeThe Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas. The units include Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, plus Caddo National Grassland and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland. There are local ranger district offices located in New Waverly.The Sam Houston National Forest, one of four National Forests in Texas, is located 50 miles north of Houston. The forest is administered together with the other three United States National Forests and two National Grasslands located entirely in Texas, from common offices in Lufkin, Texas. The units include Angelina, Davy Crockett, Sabine, and Sam Houston National Forests, plus Caddo National Grassland and Lyndon B. Johnson National Grassland. There are local ranger district offices located in New Waverly. It is located in portions of three Texas counties including Montgomery, San Jacinto, and Walker. \n\n\n== Climate ==\nSummers in the Sam Houston National Forest are hot and humid and winters generally are short and mild. The average summer temperature is 83 °F (28 °C), but mid-summer temperatures often reach the upper 90s °F (30s °C). The average winter temperature is 53 °F (12 °C). Rarely do temperatures drop to less than 10 °F (-12 °C) or rise to over 110 °F (43 °C). The average rainfall is 44 inches (1.1 m). Normally dryer periods occur during September – October and February – March.\n\n\n== Early history ==\nThe three counties that contain the Sam Houston National Forest, Montgomery, San Jacinto, and Walker, have yielded evidence of human occupation dating back 12,000 years. More recently, the basins of the San Jacinto and Trinity Rivers were home to Atakapan-speaking groups known as the Bidai, Patiri, Deadose, and Akokisa. Primarily hunters and gatherers, some from these groups may have practiced some form of agriculture. Disease and oppression from European settlers led to their eventual extinction in the early 19th century. Evidence of occupations from as early as 7,000 years ago to the 20th century has been documented by a number of archaeological sites within the national forest.\n\n\n== Multiple-use management ==\nThe Sam Houston National Forest is managed under the multiple-use concept. Under this concept, the uses of the forest, such as recreation, fish and wildlife, timber, grazing, soil and water, and minerals, are planned to maintain a balance among the benefits, yet provide for public needs. Forest Service objectives, by law, must consider all resources of the forest and no single resource can be emphasized to the detriment of others.\nIn 1960, the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act put into law what had been practiced on the National Forests in Texas for almost 30 years. This act emphasized that resources on public lands would be managed so that they are used in the combination that will best meet the needs of the people, that the benefits obtained will exist indefinitely and that each natural resource would be managed in balance with other resources to meet present and future public needs.\nManagement plans outline direction for a forest under the multiple-use concept. However, even the most carefully planned system of management cannot foresee environmental or natural factors which can cause drastic changes in a forest. Fire, storms, insects and disease, for example, can alter the way a forest is managed.\n\n\n== Recreation ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n=== Hiking ===\nHiking is a popular way to enjoy the forest and its beauty. The 128-mile (206 km) Lone Star Hiking Trail, a portion of which has gained National Recreation Trail status, winds through the Sam Houston National Forest. The trail, marked with two-inch by four-inch aluminum markers to guide hikers, has recreation areas available at three different points. Except during deer hunting season when camping is restricted to designated camps, primitive camping is allowed off the trail. Potable water is available at Double Lake and Stubblefield recreation areas.\nLone Star Hiking Trail consists of three major sections. The 40-mile (64 km) Lake Conroe section, lying west of Lake Conroe, begins near the intersection of FS 219 and FM 149 and has four connecting loops.\nThe Central Area of the trail runs eastward from Stubblefield Recreation Area, through the",
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] | Who did the new national government of Texas National Forest appoint as the commander in chief of Texas forces? | [
{
"id": 83460,
"question": "who was named commander in chief of texas forces by the new national government of texas",
"answer": "Sam Houston",
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"id": 456238,
"question": "#1 National Forest >> instance of",
"answer": "United States National Forest",
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2hop__135963_486257 | [
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"idx": 5,
"title": "GHZ experiment",
"paragraph_text": " named for Daniel M. Greenberger, Michael A. Horne, and Anton Zeilinger (GHZ) who first analyzed certain measurements involving four observers and who subsequently (together with Abner Shimony (GHSZ), upon a suggestion by David Mermin) applied their arguments to certain measurements involving three observers.\n\n\n== Summary description and example ==\n\nA GHZ experiment is performed using a quantum system in a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. An example of a GHZ state is three photons in an entangled state, with the photons being in a superposition of being all horizontally polarized (HHH) or all vertically polarized (VVV), with respect to some coordinate system. The GHZ state can be written in bra–ket notation as\n\n \n \n \n \n |\n \n \n G\n H\n Z\n \n ��\n =\n \n \n 1\n \n 2\n \n \n \n (\n \n |\n \n \n H\n H\n H\n \n ��\n +\n \n |\n \n \n V\n V\n V\n \n ��\n )\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle |\\mathrm {GHZ} \\rangle ={\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {2}}}(|\\mathrm {HHH} \\rangle +|\\mathrm {VVV} \\rangle ).}\n \n\nPrior to any measurements being made, the polarizations of the photons are indeterminate; If a measurement is made on one of the photons using a two-channel polarizer aligned with the axes of the coordinate system, the photon assumes either horizontal or vertical polarization, with 50% probability for each orientation, and the other two photons immediately assume the identical polarization.\nIn a GHZ experiment regarding photon polarization, however, two other orientations of two-channel polarizers are used to measure the photons:\n\nA linear polarizer rotated by 45° from the axes of the coordinate system, which distinguishes between a polarization rotated 45° clockwise from horizontal (+) and a polarization rotated 45° counterclockwise from horizontal (−).\nA circular polarizer, which distinguishes between right-handed polarization (R) and left-handed polarization (L).\nWhen specific combinations of those two types of measurements are performed on each of the three entangled photons,The GHZ experiments are named for Daniel M. Greenberger, Michael A. Horne, and Anton Zeilinger (GHZ) who first analyzed certain measurements involving four observers and who subsequently (together with Abner Shimony (GHSZ), upon a suggestion by David Mermin) applied their arguments to certain measurements involving three observers.TheThe GHZ experiments are named for Daniel M. Greenberger, Michael A. Horne, and Anton Zeilinger (GHZ) who first analyzed certain measurements involving four observers and who subsequently (together with Abner Shimony (GHSZ), upon a suggestion by David Mermin) applied their arguments to certain measurements involving three observers.angled particles, rather than two. With specific settings of GHZ experiments, it is possible to demonstrate absolute contradictions between the predictions of local hidden variable theory and those of quantum mechanics, whereas tests of Bell's inequality only demonstrate contradictions of a statistical nature. The results of actual GHZ experiments agree with the predictions of quantum mechanics.\nThe GHZ experiments are named for Daniel M. Greenberger, Michael A. Horne, and Anton Zeilinger (GHZ) who first analyzed certain measurements involving four observers and who subsequently (together with Abner Shimony (GHSZ), upon a suggestion by David Mermin) applied their arguments to certain measurements involving three observers.\n\n\n== Summary description and example ==\n\nA GHZ experiment is performed using a quantum system in a Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. An example of a GHZ state is three photons in an entangled state, with the photons being in a superposition of being all horizontally polarized (HHH) or all vertically polarized (VVV), with respect to some coordinate system. The GHZ state can be written in bra–ket notation as\n\n \n \n \n \n |\n \n \n G\n H\n Z\n \n ��\n =\n \n \n 1\n \n 2\n \n \n \n (\n \n |\n \n \n H\n H\n H\n \n ��\n +\n \n |\n \n \n V\n V\n V\n \n ��\n )\n .\n \n \n {\\displaystyle |\\mathrm {GHZ} \\rangle ={\\frac {1}{\\sqrt {2}}}(|\\mathrm {HHH} \\rangle +|\\mathrm {VVV} \\rangle ).}\n \n\nPrior to any measurements being made, the polarizations of the photons are indeterminate; If a measurement is made on one of the photons using a two-channel polarizer aligned with the axes of the coordinate system, the photon assumes either horizontal or vertical polarization, with 50% probability for each orientation, and the other two photons immediately assume the identical polarization.\nIn a GHZ experiment regarding photon polarization, however, two",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Anton Zeilinger",
"paragraph_text": " to 1971. He received a doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1971, with a thesis on \"Neutron depolarization measurements on a Dy-single crystal\" under Helmut Rauch. He qualified as a university lecturer (habilitation) at the Vienna University of Technology in 1979.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn the 1970s, Zeilinger worked at the Vienna Atominstitut as a research assistant and later as an associate researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Neutron Diffraction Laboratory until 1979, when he accepted the position of assistant professor at the same Atominstitut. That year he qualified as a university professor. at the Vienna University of Technology. \nIn 1981 Zeilinger returned to MIT, as an associate professor on the physics faculty, until 1983. Between 1980 and 1990 he worked as a professor at the Vienna University of Technology, the Technical University of Munich, the University of Innsbruck and the University of Vienna.\nHe was also the scientific director of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Vienna between 2004 and 2013. Zeilinger became professor emeritus at the University of Vienna in 2013. He was president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences from 2013 till 2022.\nSince 2006, Zeilinger is the vice chairman of the board of trustees of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, an ambitious project initiated by Zeilinger's proposal. In 200Anton Zeilinger (; born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for \"his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information\". Zeilinger is professor of physics at the University of Vienna and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Most of his research concerns the fundamental aspects and applications of quantum entanglement.AAnton Zeilinger (; born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for \"his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information\". Zeilinger is professor of physics at the University of Vienna and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Most of his research concerns the fundamental aspects and applications of quantum entanglement. of Physics, London, for \"his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information\". In October 2022, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Alain Aspect and John Clauser for their work involving experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAnton Zeilinger was born in 1945 in Ried im Innkreis, Upper Austria, Austria. He studied physics at the University of Vienna from 1963 to 1971. He received a doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1971, with a thesis on \"Neutron depolarization measurements on a Dy-single crystal\" under Helmut Rauch. He qualified as a university lecturer (habilitation) at the Vienna University of Technology in 1979.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn the 1970s, Zeilinger worked at the Vienna Atominstitut as a research assistant and later as an associate researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Neutron Diffraction Laboratory until 1979, when he accepted the position of assistant professor at the same Atominstitut. That year he qualified as a university professor. at the Vienna University of Technology. \nIn 1981 Zeilinger returned to MIT, as an associate professor on the physics faculty, until 1983. Between 1980 and 1990 he worked as a professor at the Vienna University of Technology, the Technical University of Munich, the University of Innsbruck and the University of Vienna.\nHe was also the scientific director of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information in Vienna between 2004 and 2013. Zeilinger became professor emeritus at the University of Vienna in 2013. He was president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences from 2013 till 2022.\nSince 2006, Zeilinger is the vice chairman of the board of trustees of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria, an ambitious project initiated by Zeilinger's proposal. In 200Anton Zeilinger (; born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for \"his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information\". Zeilinger is professor of physics at the University of Vienna and Senior Scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Most of his",
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] | What professional field does the scientist, after whom the GHZ experiment is named, belong to? | [
{
"id": 135963,
"question": "What is GHZ experiment named after?",
"answer": "Anton Zeilinger",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
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"id": 486257,
"question": "#1 >> field of work",
"answer": "physic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
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] | physic | [
"physics",
"Physics",
"Physic"
] | true | The scientist that the GHZ experiment is named for is in what field of work? |
2hop__95773_51329 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Crime School",
"paragraph_text": " Squirt, Spike, Goofy, Fats, and Bugs. When the boys ask for a $20 payoff, he counters with an offer of only $5. Spike flies into a rage and bludgeons him in the head, knocking him unconscious. The kids are arrested and brought trial, where the judge sentences all of them to reform school after they refuse to confirm which one struck the blow.\nThe harsh warden of the reformatory, Morgan, inflicts discipline at the school andCrime School is a 1938 Warner Bros. film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring the Dead End Kids and Humphrey Bogart.CCrime School is a 1938 Warner Bros. film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring the Dead End Kids and Humphrey Bogart. Gale Page. It was produced and distributed by Warner Brothers.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA junk dealer does business with the Dead End Kids: Frankie, Squirt, Spike, Goofy, Fats, and Bugs. When the boys ask for a $20 payoff, he counters with an offer of only $5. Spike flies into a rage and bludgeons him in the head, knocking him unconscious. The kids are arrested and brought trial, where the judge sentences all of them to reform school after they refuse to confirm which one struck the blow.\nThe harsh warden of the reformatory, Morgan, inflicts discipline at the school andCrime School is a 1938 Warner Bros. film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring the Dead End Kids and Humphrey Bogart.Crime School is a 1938 American crime drama film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring the Dead End Kids, Humphrey Bogart and Gale Page. It was produced and distributed by Warner Brothers.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA junk dealer does business with the Dead End Kids: Frankie, Squirt, Spike, Goofy, Fats, and Bugs. When the boys ask for a $20 payoff, he counters with an offer of only $5. Spike flies into a rage and bludgeons him in the head, knocking him unconscious. The kids are arrested and brought trial, where the judge sentences all of them to reform school after they refuse to confirm which one struck the blow.\nThe harsh warden of the reformatory, Morgan, inflicts discipline at the school and flogs Frankie after he tries to escape. The superintendent of the state reformatories, Mark Braden, visits the school and finds evidence of Morgan's subtle cruelty, as in feeding his new inmates poor-quality food. He then visits Frankie in the hospital ward, finding him untreated and the doctor inebriated. As a way of starting over, he fires the doctor, Morgan, and four ex-convict guards, while retaining the head guard, Cooper. Braden takes charge of the reformatory himself and wins over the boys' cooperation by considerate treatment, while romancing Frankie's sister, Sue Warren.\nMeanwhile, Cooper is afraid that Braden will learn of Morgan's embezzlement of the food budget, which would implicate him as well. He learns that Spike is the one who dealt the blow to the junk dealer and blackmails him. He gets him to tell Frankie that Braden's generous treatment is due to his sister's acceptance of Braden's attentions. Although untrue, it leads the kids to escape from the school in Cooper's car with his gun. They go to Sue's apartment, and Frankie climbs the fire escape with the gun to confront Braden, but Sue and Braden dispel Frankie's suspicions.\nMeanwhile, Cooper \"discovers\" that the kids have escaped, and Morgan calls the press to discredit Braden and get him fired. However, Braden drives the boys back to the reformatory and gets them into their beds, before the Commissioner, alerted by Morgan, arrives for an inspection with the police in tow. Their plot foiled and their fraud uncovered, Morgan and Cooper are arrested. The boys are subsequently paroled into the care of their parents.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n=== The Dead End Kids ===\nBilly Halop as Frankie Warren\nBobby Jordan as Lester \"Squirt\" Smith\nHuntz Hall as Richard \"Goofy\" Slade\nLeo Gorcey as Charles \"Spike\" Hawkins\nBernard Punsly as George \"Fats\" Papadopoulos\nGabriel Dell as Timothy \"Bugs\" Burke\n\n\n=== Additional cast ===\n\n\n== Background ==\nAs this was a Warner Bros. film and not a United Artists' film like Dead End, they advertised the kids as 'The Crime School Kids' in this film, and their next, Angels with Dirty Faces. However, the name did not catch on and they remained 'The Dead End Kids'.\nBefore the film was released, Halop, Dell, Hall, and Punsly were released from their contracts by Warner Brothers and they went on to make a film at Universal, Little Tough Guy. The success of this film caused Warner to reconsider and they were rehired at a substantial raise.\nThe Dead End Kids received top billing over Humphrey Bogart for Crime School, with their type",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Humphrey Bogart",
"paragraph_text": " (1936). Bogart also received positive reviews for his performance as gangster Hugh \"Baby Face\" Martin, in Dead End (1937), directed by William Wyler.\nHis breakthrough cameDuring a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen).Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( BOH-gart; December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), colloquially nicknamed Bogie, was an American actor. His performances in classic Hollywood cinema films made him an American cultural icon. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Bogart as the greatest male star of classic American cinema.\nBogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Dancing Town (1928), he appeared in supporting roles for more than a decade, regularly portraying gangsters. He was praised for his work as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936). Bogart also received positive reviews for his performance as gangster Hugh \"Baby Face\" Martin, in Dead End (1937), directed by William Wyler.\nHis breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted to stardom as the lead in John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of the first great noir films. Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Philip Marlowe (in 1946's The Big Sleep), became the models for detectives in other noir films. In 1947, he played a war hero in another \"noir\" film, Dead Reckoning, tangled in a dangerous web of brutality and violence as he investigates his friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Scott. His first romantic lead role was a memorable one, as Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman in Casablanca (1942), which earned him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Blaine was ranked as the fourth greatest hero of American cinema by the American Film Institute and his and Ingrid Bergman's character's relationship the greatest love story in American cinema, also by the American Film Institute. Raymond Chandler, in a 1946 letter, wrote that \"Like Edward G. Robinson when he was younger, all he has to do to dominate a scene is to enter it.\"\nForty-four-year-old Bogart and nineteen-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during the filming of To Have and Have Not (1944). In 1945, a few months after principal photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, he divorced his third wife and married Bacall. After their marriage, they played each other's love interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later said, \"There was something that made him able to be a man of his own and it showed through his work. There was also a purity, which is amazing considering the parts he played. Something solid too. I think as time goes by we all believe less and less. Here was someone who believed in something.\"\nBogart's performances in Huston's The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948) and In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered among his best, although they were not recognized as such when the films were released. He reprised those unsettled, unstable characters as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was a critical and commercial hit and earned him another Best Actor nomination. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of a cantankerous river steam launch skipper opposite Katharine Hepburn's missionary in the World War I African adventure The African Queen (1951), another collaboration with Huston. Other significant roles in his later years included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and his on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954). A heavy smoker and drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. Four films Bogart starred in,During a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen). Bogart as the greatest male star of classic American cinema.\nBogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Dancing Town (1928), he appeared in supporting roles for more than a decade, regularly portraying gangsters. He was praised for his work as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936). Bogart also received positive reviews for his performance as gangster Hugh \"Baby Face\" Martin, in Dead End (1937), directed by William Wyler.\nHis breakthrough cameDuring a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bog",
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] | For which film did the actor, known for his role in the comedy "Crime School", receive his solitary Oscar award? | [
{
"id": 95773,
"question": "Who has acted in the comedy film Crime School?",
"answer": "Humphrey Bogart",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 51329,
"question": "with what movie did #1 win his only oscar",
"answer": "The African Queen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | The African Queen | [] | true | What movie did the person who acted in the comedy film Crime School win his only Oscar for? |
4hop2__9988_158985_70784_61381 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Water resources",
"paragraph_text": "Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water. The most common desalination processes are distillation and reverse osmosis. Desalination is currently expensive compared to most alternative sources of water, and only a very small fraction of total human use is satisfied by desalination. It is usually only economically practical for high-valued uses (such as household and industrial uses) in arid areas. However, there is growth in desalination for agricultural use, and highly populated areas such as Singapore or California. The most extensive use is in the Persian Gulf. ministry of the Government of South Sudan. The current minister is Hon. Pal Mai Deng, while Hon. Peter Mahal Dhieu Akat serves as undersecretary.\n\n\n== List of ministers of irrigation and water resources ==\n\n\n== References ==Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation is a ministry of the Government of South Sudan. The current minister is Hon. Pal Mai Deng, while Hon. Peter Mahal Dhieu Akat serves as undersecretary.\n\n\n== List of ministers of irrigation and water resources ==\n\n\n== References ==Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation is a ministry of the Government of South Sudan. The current minister is Hon. Pal Mai Deng, while Hon. Peter Mahal Dhieu Akat serves as undersecretary.\n\n\n== List of ministers of irrigation and water resources ==\n\n\n== References ==Ministry of Water Resources",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia and the largest in the Middle East. ItThe area of modern - day Saudi Arabia formerly consisted of four distinct regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al - Ahsa) and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Ibn Saud. He united the four regions into a single state through a series of conquests beginning in 1902 with the capture of Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia has since been an absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamic lines. The ultraconservative Wahhabi religious movement within Sunni Islam has been called ``the predominant feature of Saudi culture '', with its global spread largely financed by the oil and gas trade. Saudi Arabia is sometimes called`` the Land of the Two Holy Mosques'' in reference to Al - Masjid al - Haram (in Mecca) and Al - Masjid an - Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. As of 2013, the state had a total population of 28.7 million, of which 20 million were Saudi nationals and 8 million were foreigners. As of 2017, the population is 33 million. The state's official language is Arabic.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.\n\n\n== Boundaries ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This section of the border with Yemen was demarcated in 1934 and is one of the few clearly defined borders with a neighbouring country. The Saudi border running southeast from Najran, however, is undetermined. The undemarcated border became an issue in the early 1990s, when oil was discovered",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of nationalist Balkan states, which saw the independence of the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, the Danubian Principalities, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Up until 1912, the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.\nThe Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the \"sick man of Europe\". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian, as was the majority of Lebanon. Starting in 1894, the Ottomans struck at the Armenians and Assyrians on the explicit grounds that they were non-Muslim peoples and as such were a potential threat to the Muslim empire within which they lived. The Hamidian Massacres, Adana Massacres and Massacres of Badr Khan targeting Assyrians and Armenians aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world. In the United States, the then aging Julia Ward Howe, author of the Battle Hymn of the Republic, leapt into the war of words and joined the Red Cross. Relations of minorities within the Ottoman Empire and the disposition of former Ottoman lands became known as the \"Eastern question\", as the Ottomans were on the east of Europe.\nIt now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the nineteenth century, Near East came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term Far East appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Vietnam. Near East applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte,Subsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the area just north of the region notorious in the Near East and recognized for its desalination advancements in agriculture formed? | [
{
"id": 9988,
"question": "What prevailed with the disgrace of \"Near East\"?",
"answer": "\"Middle East\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 158985,
"question": "Where is the most growth taking place in desalination for agricultural use?",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 61381,
"question": "when was #3 established",
"answer": "1932",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1932 | [] | true | When was the region immediately north of the region prevailing with the disgrace of the Near East and the site of the most growth in desalination for agricultural use established? |
2hop__17827_54024 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "King James Version",
"paragraph_text": " Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I. The 80 books of the King James Version include 39 books of the Old Testament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. \nNoted for its \"majesty of style\", the King James Version has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English-speaking world. The King James Version remains the preferred translation of many Christian fundamentalists and religious movements, and it is considered one of the important literary accomplishments of early modern England.\nThe KJV was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities: The first hadIn May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England. James Version include 39 books of the Old Testament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. \nNoted for its \"majesty of style\", the King James Version has been described as one of the mostIn May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I. The 80 books of the King James Version include 39 books of the Old Testament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. \nNoted for its \"majesty of style\", the King James Version has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English-speaking world. The King James Version remains the preferred translation of many Christian fundamentalists and religious movements, and it is considered one of the important literary accomplishments of early modern England.\nThe KJV was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities: The first had been the Great Bible (1535), and the second had been the Bishops' Bible (1568). In Switzerland the first generation of Protestant Reformers had produced the Geneva Bible which was published in 1560 having referred to the original Hebrew and Greek scriptures, which was influential in the writing of the Authorized King James Version.\nThe English Church initially used the officially sanctioned \"Bishops' Bible\", which was hardly used by the population. More popular was the named \"Geneva Bible\", which was created on the basis of the Tyndale translation in Geneva under the direct successor of the reformer John Calvin for his English followers. However, their footnotes represented a Calvinistic Puritanism that was too radical for James. The translators of the Geneva Bible had translated the word king as tyrant about four hundred times—the word tyrant does not appear once in the KJV. Because of this, it has been assumed King James purposely had the translators of the KJV translate the word tyrant as either \"troubling\", \"oppressor\", or some other word to avoid people being critical of his monarchy, though there is no evidence to back up that claim. Arguably this more accurately reflects the difference in meaning between \"tyrant\" in ancient Greek and modern English.\nJames convened the Hampton Court Conference in January 1604, where a new English version was conceived in response to the problems of the earlier translations perceived by the Puritans, a faction of the Church of England. James gave translators instructions intended to ensure the new version would conform to the ecclesiology, and reflect the episcopal structure, of the Church of England and its belief in an ordained clergy. In common with most other translations of the period, the New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament from Hebrew and Aramaic, and the Apocrypha from Greek and Latin. In the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, the text of the Authorized Version replaced the text of the Great Bible for Epistle and Gospel readings, and as such was authorized by an Act of Parliament.\nBy the first half of the 18th century, the Authorized Version had become effectively unchallenged as the only English translation used in Anglican and other English Protestant churches, except for the Psalms and some short passages in the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England. Over",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": " III whose heir, George IV used John Nash to remodel the house which was renamed Buckingham Palace. Nash engaged William Townsend Aiton to implement designs for a new garden. Aiton's work forms the basis of the garden that exists today.\nBuckingham Palace Garden is the setting for monarch's annual garden parties. In June 2002, Queen Elizabeth II invited the public into the garden for entertainment for the first time during her reign. As part of her Golden Jubilee Weekend thousands of Britons were invited to apply for tickets to Party at the Palace where the guitarist Brian May of the band Queen performed his God Save the Queen guitar solo on top of Buckingham Palace. This concert was preceded the previous evening by a Prom at the Palace. During the Queen's 80th birthday celebrations in 2006 the garden was the scene of Children's Party at the Palace.\nThe garden is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The planting is varied and exotic, with a mulberry tree dating back to the time of James I. Notable features include a large 19th-century lake which was once graced by a flock of flamingoes, and the Waterloo Vase. There is also a summerhouse attributed to William Kent, a helicopter landing pad on the great lawn below the West Terrace, and a tennis court. Unlike the nearby Royal Parks of London, Buckingham Palace Garden is not usually open to the public. However, when the palace is open during August and September, visitors have access to part of the garden, which forms the exit, via a gift shop in a marquee, at the end of the tour.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe garden at Buckingham Palace was formed from that created for the palace's predecessor, Buckingham House. The landscape design for the earlier garden was by Henry Wise. He constructed an elaborate formal garden with a long central canal running south from the rear of the house. Wise was paid the substantial sum of £1,000 per year for his services. Subsequently, work was undertaken by Capability Brown, who planned more than was achieved. The garden was redesigned at the time of the palace rebuilding by William Townsend Aiton of Kew Gardens and John Nash for George IV. The great manmade lake was completed in 1828 and was supplied with water from the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park.\nBeyond the lake is an artificial rise, called The Mound, made partly from soil that was excavated to build the lake. It was constructed to obscure the view of the Royal Mews from the palace. During the Victorian era, Prince Albert had a pavilion built on the mound. Known as the Milton, or Comus Pavilion, it was decorated with scenes from John Milton's masque Comus, painted by some of the leading artists of the day. Derelict after World War I, the pavilion was pulled down in 1928. \nThe garden is maintained by approximately eight full-time gardeners, with two or three part-timers. The trees include plane, Indian chestnut, silver maple, and a swamp cypress. In the south-west corner, there is a single surviving mulberry tree from the plantation installed by King James I of England when he unsuccessfully attempted to breed silkworms in the Mulberry Garden on the Buckingham Palace site. The garden now holds the UK's national collection of mulberry trees, housing some 40 varieties.\nThe garden is regularly surveyed for its moths by staff from the Natural History Museum, and occasionally visited by the Queen's swans. A tennis court was constructed in the garden in Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace,Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to \"new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's\"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies. much of the area of the former Goring Great Garden, named after Lord Goring, occupant of one of the earliest grand houses on the site. In 1664 Goring's mansion, and the lease on the grounds, was bought by Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington. In 1674 the house was destroyed by fire and Arlington built a replacement, named Arlington House, on the site. This house was sold by Arlington's daughter to John Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave. Created Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703, Buckingham commissioned a new mansion for the site, named Buckingham House. His architect was William Talman and his builder William Winde. Similar attention was paid to the landscape, where Buckingham engaged",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which monarch commissioned a translation of the bible and divested a portion of the Crown Freehold? | [
{
"id": 17827,
"question": "Who sold off part of the Crown Freehold?",
"answer": "James I",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 54024,
"question": "who is king #1 who translated the bible",
"answer": "King James I of England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | King James I of England | [
"England"
] | true | Which king sold part of the Crown Freehold and commissioned a bible translation? |
3hop1__106847_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: SindThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India. around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Since ancient times, Hindu has been used to refer to people inhibiting region beyond the Sindhu river, therefore some assumptions that medieval Persian authors considered Hindu as derogatory is not accepted by practicing Hindus themselves as those references are much later to references used in pre-Islamic Persian sources, early Arab and Indian sources, all of them had positive connotation only as they either referred to region or followers of Hinduism.\nThe historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear. Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it may have developed post-8th century CE after the Muslim invasions and medieval Hindu–Muslim wars. A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and Bengali. The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir, Tulsidas and Eknath used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.Hindus (Hindustani: [������ndu] ; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanāt",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "A Music Fairy",
"paragraph_text": " joined city42 later. Ahmad Haseeb also composed and produced a cricket World Cup song \"Aya Hai World cup\" with Cllr Sitarah Anjum and Rehan Naseer released on 24 February 2011.\n\n\n== See also ==\nNazia Hassan\nA Music Fairy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe life and times of Nazia Hassan\nNew Documentary on Pakistan's Disco Deewane Girl\nBiddu's Company\nIndopia-India onlineAhmad Haseeb is a film director and producer. Haseeb won the Best Documentary award at Kara Film Festival in 2007 for A Music Fairy, a short subject about pop icon Nazia Hassan. Haseeb also directed rock group Junoon's music video \"Rooh ki pyas\" (non-commercial) as a college project. In 2006 Haseeb received a master's degree in Multimedia Arts from National College of Arts Lahore. Haseeb has worked as a producer for Waqt TV but joined city42 later. Ahmad Haseeb also composed and produced a cricket World Cup song \"Aya Hai World cup\" with Cllr Sitarah Anjum and Rehan Naseer released on 24 February 2011.\n\n\n== See also ==\nNazia Hassan\nA Music Fairy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe life and times of Nazia Hassan\nNew Documentary on Pakistan's Disco Deewane Girl\nBiddu's Company\nIndopia-India onlineAhmad Haseeb is a film director and producer. Haseeb won the Best Documentary award at Kara Film Festival in 2007 for A Music Fairy, a short subject about pop icon Nazia Hassan. Haseeb also directed rock group Junoon's music video \"Rooh ki pyas\" (non-commercial) as a college project. In 2006 Haseeb received a master's degree in Multimedia Arts from National College of Arts Lahore. Haseeb has worked as a producer for Waqt TV but joined city42 later. Ahmad Haseeb also composed and produced a cricket World Cup song \"Aya Hai World cup\" with Cllr Sitarah Anjum and Rehan Naseer released on 24 February 2011.\n\n\n== See also ==\nNazia Hassan\nA Music Fairy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe life and times of Nazia Hassan\nNew Documentary on Pakistan's Disco Deewane Girl\nBiddu's Company\nIndopia-India onlineAhmad Haseeb is a film director and producer. Haseeb won the Best Documentary award at Kara Film Festival in 2007 for A Music Fairy, a short subject about pop icon Nazia Hassan. Haseeb also directed rock group Junoon's music video \"Rooh ki pyas\" (non-commercial) as a college project. In 2006 Haseeb received a master's degree in Multimedia Arts from National College of Arts Lahore. Haseeb has worked as a producer for Waqt TV but joined city42 later. Ahmad Haseeb also composed and produced a cricket World Cup song \"Aya Hai World cup\" with Cllr Sitarah Anjum and Rehan Naseer released on 24 February 2011.\n\n\n== See also ==\nNazia Hassan\nA Music Fairy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe life and times of Nazia Hassan\nNew Documentary on Pakistan's Disco Deewane Girl\nBiddu's Company\nIndopia-India onlineAhmad Haseeb is a film director and producer. Haseeb won the Best Documentary award at Kara Film Festival in 2007 for A Music Fairy, a short subject about pop icon Nazia Hassan. Haseeb also directed rock group Junoon's music video \"Rooh ki pyas\" (non-commercial) as a college project. In 2006 Haseeb received a master's degree in Multimedia Arts from National College of Arts Lahore. Haseeb has worked as a producer for Waqt TV but joined city42 later. Ahmad Haseeb also composed and produced a cricket World Cup song \"Aya Hai World cup\" with Cllr Sitarah Anjum and Rehan Naseer released on 24 February 2011.\n\n\n== See also ==\nNazia Hassan\nA Music Fairy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe life and times of Nazia Hassan\nNew Documentary on Pakistan's Disco Deewane Girl\nBiddu's Company\nOn 29 March 2012 \"A Music Fairy\" has been screened at University of Ankara under celebration of Pakistan Culutral Week \"Jeevay Jeevay Pakistan\" arranged by Embassy of Pakistan in Turkey. The documentary is appreciated by the audience.On 29 March 2012 \"A Music Fairy\" has been screened at University of Ankara under celebration of Pakistan Culutral Week \"Jeevay Jeevay Pakistan\" arranged by Embassy of Pakistan in Turkey. The documentary is appreciated by the audience.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": "Abul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the Arabic dictionary interpretation of the most dominant religion in the region of British India that transitioned to India when the country known as A Music Fairy was established? | [
{
"id": 106847,
"question": "Which was the country for A Music Fairy?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
] | true | What is the meaning in the arabic dictionary of the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when the country for A Music Fairy was created? |
2hop__67660_81007 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "How I Met Your Mother",
"paragraph_text": " the show. Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that \"We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be. The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience\", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"kept the show alive\" when it began. They also did not want a large casting call.\nBays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of season 8 having never watched How I Met Your Mother before. She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer.\n\n\n== Character history ==\nThe Mother was born on September 19, 1984.\nThe Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her—a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love.\nIn \"Wait for It\", the short story of how they met involving her yellow umbrella is revealed. In \"No Tomorrow\", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death. She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating. The two women run into Mitch (Adam Paul), her old orchestra instructor; The Mother offers to give Mitch her cello for his work at a school and they head to her apartment. Mitch tries to seduce her with a move called \"The Naked Man\", but she turns him down. Nevertheless, Mitch encourages her to pursue her dreams. The Mother expresses her desire to end poverty by taking up economics in college.\nOn his first day of teaching as Professor Mosby, as seen in the season 4 finale \"The Leap\", he is seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother. But in the first episode of season 5, \"Definitions\", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom—Economics instead of Architecture. At the same time in \"How Your Mother Met Me\", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with as her roommate. They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in the wrong room and runs off. She heads back to the room after seeing Ted scramble to his actual classroom.\nLater, in \"Girls Versus Suits\", Ted dates Cindy, not knowing that her roommate is his future wife. Throughout the episode, Ted notes that Cindy had spent most of their first date talking jealously about her roommate. When in Cindy and the Mother's apartment he picks up many of The Mother's belongings, attempting to show how compatible he and Cindy are (thinking the items are Cindy's) and glimpses the mother's foot as she disappears into her room after taking a shower. Ted finds out at this time that she plays bass guitar in a band. Ted forgets to take the yellow umbrella with him when he goes out and Future Ted mentions, \"And your mom ... well, she got her yellow umbrella back.\" In \"How Your Mother Met Me\", it is revealed that after Ted left the apartment, the Mother had discovered the umbrella and, upon going to question Cindy, finds her crying. As the Mother tried to console her, Cindy kissed her, revealing that her jealousy towards her roommate was actually a crush. While this incident made Cindy realize that she was a lesbian, it also made the Mother decide to get back into dating, as the kiss was her first in a long time.\nSome time after this, a man named Darren (Andrew Rannells) approaches the Mother and is welcomed into her band, Superfreakonomics. Darren gradually takes over the band, and becomes her nemesis.\nIn the season 6 opener \"Big Days\" it is revealed Ted meets his future wife \"the day of\" the wedding at which he is the best man. InHow I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.ky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in \"Last Forever\", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)",
"paragraph_text": " mixed reaction from fans.\n\n\n== Casting ==\nDuring its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fansTracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in \"Last Forever\", the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.\n\n\n== Casting ==\nDuring its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother. Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show. Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown. Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that \"We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be. The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience\", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"kept the show alive\" when it began. They also did not want a large casting call.\nBays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of season 8 having never watched How I Met Your Mother before. She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer.\n\n\n== Character history ==\nThe Mother was born on September 19, 1984.\nThe Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death. After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her—a ukulele. The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love.\nIn \"Wait for It\", the short story of how they met involving her yellow umbrella is revealed. In \"No Tomorrow\", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St. Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death. She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating. TheAn alternate ending was released in the ninth season DVD. In the alternate ending, Tracy Mosby is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. In the video, future Ted is heard saying, ``... When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mum every morning, I ca n't help but be amazed how easy it all really was... '', indirectly stating that The Mother is alive. The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin as he lived a successful married life with Tracy Mosby.Tracy Mosby (née McConnell) (\"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met his children's mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in season 8 finale \"Something New\" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. She is played by Cristin Milioti.\nThe story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown",
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] | With whom does the storyteller in the series How I Met Your Mother ultimately settle down? | [
{
"id": 67660,
"question": "who is the narrator on how i met your mother",
"answer": "Ted Mosby",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 81007,
"question": "who does #1 end up with in how i met your mother",
"answer": "Tracy McConnell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Tracy McConnell | [
"The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)",
"The Mother"
] | true | Who does the narrator on How I Met Your Mother end up with? |
2hop__747758_58067 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Raghunath Dhondo Karve",
"paragraph_text": " tried to educatedBorn in a Chitpavan Brahmin family, Raghunath was the eldest son of Bharat Ratna Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve.\" \"His mother Radhabai died during childbirth in 1891, when he was nine. He was born in Murud. He studied at New English School, Pune. He stood first in a matriculation examination conducted in 1899. He went to Fergusson College, Pune where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1904. Karve started his professional career as a professor of mathematics at Wilson College in Mumbai. However, when he started publicly expressing his views about family planning, population control, and women's right to experience sexual/sensual pleasure as much as men, the conservative Christian administrators of the college asked him to resign from the professorship. He then devoted himself to the above causes.RBorn in a Chitpavan Brahmin family, Raghunath was the eldest son of Bharat Ratna Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve.\" \"His mother Radhabai died during childbirth in 1891, when he was nine. He was born in Murud. He studied at New English School, Pune. He stood first in a matriculation examination conducted in 1899. He went to Fergusson College, Pune where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1904. Karve started his professional career as a professor of mathematics at Wilson College in Mumbai. However, when he started publicly expressing his views about family planning, population control, and women's right to experience sexual/sensual pleasure as much as men, the conservative Christian administrators of the college asked him to resign from the professorship. He then devoted himself to the above causes. However, when he started publicly expressing his views about family planning, population control, and women's right to experience sexual/sensual pleasure as much as men, the conservative Christian administrators of the college asked him to resign from the professorship. He then devoted himself to the above causes.\nOn his own initiative, Karve started the very first birth control clinic in India in 1921, the same year when the first birth control clinic opened in London.\n\n\n== Books authored ==\n‘Santatiniyaman Aachar ani Vichar’ (Family planning: Thoughts and Action) in 1923\n‘Guptrogapasun Bachav’ & ‘Aadhunik Kaamashastra’\nIn 1927 he published ‘Samajswasthya’; a monthly on social health, and continued it till death (14 October 1953). Through this monthly, he tried to educatedBorn in a Chitpavan Brahmin family, Raghunath was the eldest son of Bharat Ratna Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve.\" \"His mother Radhabai died during childbirth in 1891, when he was nine. He was born in Murud. He studied at New English School, Pune. He stood first in a matriculation examination conducted in 1899. He went to Fergusson College, Pune where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1904. Karve started his professional career as a professor of mathematics at Wilson College in Mumbai. However, when he started publicly expressing his views about family planning, population control, and women's right to experience sexual/sensual pleasure as much as men, the conservative Christian administrators of the college asked him to resign from the professorship. He then devoted himself to the above causes.Raghunath Dhondo Karve (14 January 1882 – 14 October 1953) was a professor of mathematics, sex educator and a social reformer from Maharashtra, India. He was a pioneer in initiating family planning and birth control for masses in Mumbai in 1921.\nBorn in a Chitpavan Brahmin family, Raghunath was the eldest son of Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve. His mother Radhabai died during childbirth in 1891, when he was nine. He was born in Murud. He studied at New English School, Pune. He stood first in a matriculation examination conducted in 1899. He went to Fergusson College, Pune where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1904. Karve started his professional career as a professor of mathematics at Wilson College in Mumbai. However, when he started publicly expressing his views about family planning, population control, and women's right to experience sexual/sensual pleasure as much as men, the conservative Christian administrators of the college asked him to resign from the professorship. He then devoted himself to the above causes.\nOn his own initiative, Karve started the very first birth control clinic in India in 1921, the same year when the first birth control clinic opened in London.\n\n\n== Books authored ==\n‘Santatiniyaman Aachar ani Vichar’ (Family planning: Thoughts and Action) in 1923\n‘Guptrogapasun Bachav’ & ‘Aadhunik Kaamashastra’\nIn 1927 he published ‘Samajswasthya’; a monthly on social health, and continued it till death (14 October 1953). Through this monthly, he tried to educated people about sex education. He hardly could meet his own needs, yet he never ceased from continuing the monthly\n‘Adhunik Kamashastra’ (193",
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_text": "7 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.comAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.\nKalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. \nKalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders and local women. The family business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to andA.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father JainulA.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.comAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.\nKalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. \nKalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders and local women. The family business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferry",
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}
] | Before assuming the presidency of India, Dhondo Keshav Karve was bestowed with an award. Who else received such a distinction? | [
{
"id": 747758,
"question": "Dhondo Keshav Karve >> award received",
"answer": "Bharat Ratna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 58067,
"question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india",
"answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
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] | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | [
"A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"Abdul Kalam",
"Kalam",
"Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"
] | true | Who was honored with the award Dhondo Keshav Karve received prior to becoming president of India? |
2hop__494659_5385 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive",
"paragraph_text": ", Kanter, believing the ads were of historical importance, created a private archive from the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. By 1983, the University of Oklahoma's communications department made space for the political communication center in Kaufmen Hall. In 1985, the University of Oklahoma and the Smithsonian Institution competed to purchase Kanter's archive, which at this point contained over 25,000 commercials.\nUltimately, the University of Oklahoma won out with a bid of $250,000 in special appropriations. Though money was part of his decision, other reasons that Kanter cited were that he liked the idea of a multi-disciplinary facility working in political communication. Another reason was that the University of Oklahoma offered to make him curator of the archive and made him an adjunct professor of political communication; contributing to education was something he'd always wanted. Mr. Kanter served as the archive's curator for ten years. Kanter died on December 5, 2011.\n\n\n== Today ==\nAs of 2016, the archive holds approximately 160,000 commercials and is the most comprehensive collection of political advertisements in the world. The commercials date back to 1936 for radio and 1950 for television. More than 65% of the archive's total holdings and more than 80% of its film holdings are not found anywhere else. A refrigeration unit, kept at 35 degrees Fahrenheit preserves 5,600 political film ads. The archive contains original masters on many different formats, such as 2-inch videotape, 3/4-inch videotape, audiotape, 1-inch videotape, 16 mm film, and 1/2-inch videocassette. As a result of a grant from Save America's Treasures, the material in the archive has been digitized. A 500-gig hard drive contains ads from two of the presidential campaigns that the archive has had stored. The archive is now part of the Carl Albert Congressional Research and Studies Center's Congressional and Political Collections. The archive is located in Burton Hall on the campus of the University of Oklahoma. \n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nSave America's Treasures\nInternational Federation of Television Archives\nThe Heritage Health Index Report on the State of America's CollectionsThe Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive at the University of Oklahoma is a depository for political television and radio commercials. The purpose of the archive is to preserve these materials while making them available for research. The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive has been designated an official project by Save America's Treasures.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1950, Julian P. Kanter started work in the television industry. From his time working in television, Kanter observed that most political ads were thrown away after their election cycles had ended because the candidates' campaigns often didn't ask for them back. Thus in 1956, Kanter, believing the ads were of historical importance, created a private archive from the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. By 1983, the University of Oklahoma's communications department made space for the political communication center in Kaufmen Hall. In 1985, the University of Oklahoma and the Smithsonian Institution competed to purchase Kanter's archive, which at this point contained over 25,000 commercials.\nUltimately, the University of Oklahoma won out with a bid of $250,000 in special appropriations. Though money was part of his decision, other reasons that Kanter cited were that he liked the idea of a multi-disciplinary facility working in political communication. Another reason was that the University of Oklahoma offered to make him curator of the archive and made him an adjunct professor of political communication; contributing to education was something he'd always wanted. Mr. Kanter servedThe Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive at the University of Oklahoma is a depository for political television and radio commercials. The purpose of the archive is to preserve these materials while making them available for research. The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive has been designated an official project by Save America's Treasures.The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive at the University of Oklahoma is a depository for political television and radio commercials. The purpose of the archive is to preserve these materials while making them available for research. The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive has been designated an official project by Save America's Treasures.",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). population, and is the 8th largest city in the Southern United States. The population grew following the 2010 census and reached 681,054 in the 2020 census. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (which house offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 and I-40 corridors, one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and New Mexico, north towards Wichita and Kansas City, west to Albuquerque, and east towards Little Rock and Memphis. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. It was the site of the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died, the deadliest terror attack in U.S. history until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.\nSince weather records have been kept beginning in 1890, Oklahoma City has been struck by 14 violent tornadoes, 11 of which were rated F4 or EF4 on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales, and one each rated F5 and EF5.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the \"Unassigned Lands\" was opened for settlement in an event known as \"The Land Run\". On April 26 of that year its first mayor was elected, William Couch. Some 10,000 homesteaders settled the area that would become the capital of Oklahoma. The town grew quickly; the population doubled between 1890 and 1900. Early leaders of the development of the city included Anton H. Classen, John Wilford Shartel, Henry Overholser, Oscar Ameringer, Jack C. Walton, Angelo C. Scott, and James W. Maney.\n\nBy the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the new state's population center and commercial hub. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz song \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\" made famous by artist Nat King Cole.\nBefore World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in",
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] | What is the count of employees at the educational institution where the Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive is stored? | [
{
"id": 494659,
"question": "Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive >> part of",
"answer": "University of Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
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{
"id": 5385,
"question": "How many people work in #1 ?",
"answer": "11,900",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
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] | 11,900 | [] | true | How many people work at the school that holds the Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive? |
3hop1__617062_127905_67954 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Cleveland Indians",
"paragraph_text": " in 1901, Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues, the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902. Beginning in 1903, the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps, after team captain Nap Lajoie.\nLajoie left after the 1914 season and club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name. They chose the name Cleveland Indians. That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century. Common nicknames for the Indians were \"the Tribe\" and \"the Wahoos\", the latter referencing their longtime logo, Chief Wahoo. After the Indians name came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy, the team adopted the Guardians name following the 2021 season.\nFrom August 24 to September 14, 2017, the team won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history, and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history.\nAs of the end of the 2023 season, the franchise's overall record is 9,760–9,300 (.512).\n\n\n== Early Cleveland baseball teams ==\n\nAccording to one historian of baseball, \"In 1857, baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful.\"\n\n1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Amateur)\n1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland\nFrom 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities that established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was often called the Forest Citys, in the same generic way that the team from Chicago was sometimes called The Chicagos.\nIn 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA), the first professional league. Ultimately, two of the league's western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that city's White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NA's westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded. Cleveland played its full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season.\n\n1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys\n1882–1884 Cleveland Blues\nIn 1876, the National League (NL) supplanted the NA as the major professional league. Cleveland was not among its charter members, but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries and the city gained an NL team. A new Cleveland Forest Citys were recreated, but by 1882 were known as the Cleveland Blues, because the National League required distinct colors for that season. The Blues had mediocre records for six seasons and were ruined by a trade war with the Union Association (UA) in 1884, when its three best players (Fred Dunlap, Jack Glasscock, and Jim McCormick) jumped to the UA after being offered higher salaries. The Cleveland Blues merged with the St. Louis Maroons UA team in 1885.\n\n1887–1899 Cleveland Spiders – nickname \"Blues\"\n\nCleveland went without major league baseball for two seasons until gaining a team in the American Association (AA) in 1887. After the AA's Pittsburgh Alleghenys jumped to the NL, Cleveland followed suit in 1889, as the AA began to crumble. The Cleveland ball club, called the Spiders (supposedly inspired by their \"skinny and spindly\" players), slowly became a power in the league. In 1891, the Spiders moved into League Park, which would serve as the home of Cleveland professional baseball for the next 55 years. Led by native Ohioan Cy Young, the Spiders became a contender in the mid-1890s, playing in the Temple Cup Series (that era's World Series) twice and winning it in 1895. The team began to fade after this success, and was dealt a severe blow under the ownership of the Robison brothers.\nPrior to the 1899 season, Frank Robison, the Spiders' owner, bought the St. Louis Browns, thus owning two clubs at the same time. The Browns were renamed the \"Perfectos\", and restocked with Cleveland talent. Just weeks before the season opener, most of the better Spiders were transferred to St. Louis, including three future Hall of Famers: Cy Young, Jesse Burkett and Bobby Wallace. The roster maneuvers failed to create a powerhouse Perfectos team, as St. Louis finished fifth in both 1899 and 1900. The Spiders were left with essentially a minor league lineup, and began to lose games at a record pace. Drawing almost no fans at home, they ended up playing most of their season on the road, and became known as \"The Wanderers\". The team ended the season in 12th place, 84 games out of first place, with an all-time worst record of 20–134 (.130 winning percentage). Following the 1899 season, the National League disbanded four teams, including the Spiders franchise. The disastrous 1899 season would actually be a step toward a new future for Cleveland fans the next year.\n\n1890, Cleveland Infants – nickname \"Babes\"\nThe Cleveland Infants competed in the Players' League, which was well-attended in some cities, but club owners lacked the confidence to continue beyond the one season. The Cleveland Infants finished with 55 wins and 75 losses, playing their home games at Brotherhood Park.\n\n\n== Franchise history ==\n\n\n=== 1894–1935: Beginning to middle ===\nThe origins of the Cleveland Guardians date back to 1894, when the team was founded as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a team based in Grand Rapids, Michigan and competing in the Western League. In 1900, the team moved to Cleveland and was named the Cleveland Lake Shores. Around the same time Ban Johnson changed the name of his minor league (Western League) to the American League. In 1900 the American League was still considered a minor league. In 1901 the team was called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues when the American League broke with the National Agreement and declared itself a competing Major League. The Cleveland franchise was among its eight charter members, and is one of four teams that remain in its original city, along with Boston, Chicago, and Detroit.\n\nThe new team was owned by coal magnate Charles Somers and tailor Jack Kilfoyl. Somers, a wealthy industrialist and also co-owner of the Boston Americans, lent money to other team owners, including Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics, to keep them and the new league afloat. Players did not think the name \"Bluebirds\" was suitable for a baseball team. Writers frequently shortened it to Cleveland Blues due to the players' all-blue uniforms, but the players did not like this unofficial name either. The players themselves tried to change the name to Cleveland Bronchos in 1902, but this name never caught on.\nCleveland suffered from financial problems in their first two seasons. This led Somers to seriously consider moving to either Pittsburgh or Cincinnati. Relief came in 1902 as a result of the conflict between the National and American Leagues. In 1901, Napoleon \"Nap\" Lajoie, the Philadelphia Phillies' star second baseman, jumped to the A's after his contract was capped at $2,400 per year—one of the highest-profile players to jump to the upstart AL. The Phillies subsequently filed an injunction to force Lajoie's return, which was granted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. The injunction appeared to doom any hopes of an early settlement between the warring leagues. However, a lawyer discovered that the injunction was only enforceable in the state of Pennsylvania. Mack, partly to thank Somers for his past financial support, agreed to trade Lajoie to the then-moribund Blues, who offered $25,000 salary over three years. Due to the injunction, however, Lajoie had to sit out any games played against the A's in Philadelphia. Lajoie arrived in Cleveland on June 4 and was an immediate hit, drawing 10,000 fans to League Park. Soon afterward, he was named team captain, and in 1903 the team was called the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps after a newspaper conducted a write-in contest.\nLajoie was named manager in 1905, and the team's fortunes improved somewhat. They finished half a game short of the pennant in 1908. However, the success did not last and Lajoie resigned during the 1909 season as manager but remained on as a player.\n\nAfter that, the team began to unravel, leading Kilfoyl to sell his share of the team to Somers. Cy Young, who returned to Cleveland in 1909, was ineffective for most of his three remaining years and Addie Joss died from tubercular meningitis prior toThe Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jim Wilson (first baseman)",
"paragraph_text": "He was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season. in Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan.\n\n\n== Career ==\nWilson attended Oregon State University where he played both baseball and football for the Beavers. In 1982, he set school records in home runs and slugging percentage. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 2003.\nHe was selected by the Cleveland Indians in the 2nd round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft, and played four games for the Indians in 1985.\nHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": "omar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.TheAs of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.2015, becoming the only player to win the award in back-to-back years). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar Jr.). Three players have won the MVP award at a game played in their home ballpark (Sandy Alomar JrAs of 2018, NL players have won the award 27 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 30 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken, Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar, Jr.). Mike Trout of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim became the first player ever to win the MVP award in back - to - back years in the 86 - year history of the MLB All - Star Game when he accomplished the feat in both 2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All - Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All - Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J.D. Drew, Melky Cabrera, Eric Hosmer, and Alex Bregman.The Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award that is presented to the most outstanding player in each year's MLB All-Star Game. Awarded each season since 1962 (two games were held and an award was presented to each game winner in 1962), it was originally called the Arch Ward Memorial Award in honor of Arch Ward, the man who conceived of the All-Star Game in 1933. The award's name was changed to the Commissioner's Trophy in 1970, but this name change was reversed in 1985 when the World Series Trophy was renamed the Commissioner's Trophy. Finally, the trophy was renamed the Ted Williams Most Valuable Player Award in 2002, in honor of former Boston Red Sox player Ted Williams, who had died earlier that year. No award was presented for the 2002 All-Star Game, which ended in a tie. Thus, the Anaheim Angels' Garret Anderson was the first recipient of the newly named Ted Williams Award in 2003. The All-Star Game Most Valuable Player also receives a Chevrolet vehicle.\nAs of 2023, NL players have won the award 28 times (including one award shared by two players), and American League (AL) players have won 33 times. Baltimore Orioles players have won the most awards for a single franchise (with six); players from the Cincinnati Reds, Los Angeles Dodgers and San Francisco Giants are tied for the most in the NL with five each. Five players have won the award twice: Willie Mays (1963, 1968), Steve Garvey (1974, 1978), Gary Carter (1981, 1984), Cal Ripken Jr. (1991, 2001), and Mike Trout (2014, 2015, becoming the only player to win the award in back-to-back years). The award has been shared by multiple players once; Bill Madlock and Jon Matlack shared the award in 1975. Two players have won the award for a game in which their league lost: Brooks Robinson in 1966 and Carl Yastrzemski in 1970. One pair of awardees were father and son (Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr.), and another were brothers (Roberto Alomar and Sandy Alomar Jr.). Three players have won the MVP award at a game played in their home ballpark (Sandy Alomar Jr. in 1997, Pedro Martínez in 1999, and Shane Bieber in 2019). Derek Jeter is the only player to win the All-Star Game MVP and World Series MVP in the same season, doing so in 2000.\nAmong prior MVP winners who are no longer active players, only five won the award in what turned out to be their only All-Star Game appearance; LaMarr Hoyt, Bo Jackson, J. D",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which player secured the All-Star MVP title in the league where Jim Wilson's team competes? | [
{
"id": 617062,
"question": "Jim Wilson >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Indians",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 127905,
"question": "What league was Cleveland #1 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 67954,
"question": "who won the #2 all-star mvp",
"answer": "Alex Bregman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | Alex Bregman | [] | true | Who won the All-Star MVP for the league that the team that Jim Wilson plays for is a part of? |
2hop__29349_92763 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2004 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": " first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. InThe first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "University of Miami",
"paragraph_text": "'s intercollegiate athletic teams are collectively known as the Miami Hurricanes and compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Its football team has won five national championships since 1983, and its baseball team has won four national championships since 1982.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Leadership ===\n\n\n==== Bowman Foster Ashe (1926 to 1952) ====\n\nIn 1925, the University of Miami was founded by a group of citizens who sought to offer \"unique opportunities to develop inter-American studies, further creative work in the arts and letters, and conduct teaching and research programs in tropical studies\", according to the university's founding charter. They believed that a local university would benefit the Miami metropolitan area and were optimistic that the university would be a beneficiary of future financial support, especially since South Florida was benefiting from the historic 1920s land boom. During this era of Jim Crow laws, there were three large state-funded universities in Florida for white male students, white female students, and black female students: the University of Florida in Gainesville and Florida State University and Florida A&M University, both in Tallahassee. Like most private universities of the time, the University of Miami was founded as a coeducational institution but not yet open toUniversity of Miami Latin: Universitas Miamiensis Motto Magna est veritas (Latin) Motto in English Great is the truth Type Private Established 1925; 93 years ago (1925) Academic affiliations NAICU SURA ORAU Endowment $949 million (2017) Budget $3.3 billion (2016) Chairman Richard D. Fain President Julio Frenk Provost Jeffrey Duerk Academic staff 3,045 Administrative staff 10,985 Students 16,801 Undergraduates 10,849 Postgraduates 5,952 Location Coral Gables, Florida, U.S. Campus Suburban Total 453 acres (1.83 km) Colors Orange, Green, White Nickname Hurricanes Sporting affiliations NCAA Division I -- ACC Mascot Sebastian the Ibis Website www.miami.eduThe University of Miami (UM, UMiami, Miami, U of M, and The U) is a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida. As of 2023, the university enrolled 19,593 students in two colleges and eight schools across nearly 350 academic majors and programs, including the Miller School of Medicine in Miami's Health District, the law school on the main campus, the Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science on Virginia Key, and additional research facilities in southern Miami-Dade County.\nThe University of Miami offers 148 undergraduate, 148 master's, and 67 doctoral degree programs. With 19,334 faculty and staff as of 2023, the University of Miami is the second-largest employer in Miami-Dade County. The university's main campus in Coral Gables spans 240 acres (0.97 km2), has over 5,700,000 square feet (530,000 m2) of buildings, and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami, the heart of the nation's ninth-largest and world's 65th-largest metropolitan area. As of 2023, it is the 75th-largest research university in the nation with annual research expenditures of $456 million.\nAs of 2023, the University of Miami has 229,710University of Miami Latin: Universitas Miamiensis Motto Magna est veritas (Latin) Motto in English Great is the truth Type Private Established 1925; 93 years ago (1925) Academic affiliations NAICU SURA ORAU Endowment $949 million (2017) Budget $3.3 billion (2016) Chairman Richard D. Fain President Julio Frenk Provost Jeffrey Duerk Academic staff 3,045 Administrative staff 10,985 Students 16,801 Undergraduates 10,849 Postgraduates 5,952 Location Coral Gables, Florida, U.S. Campus Suburban Total 453 acres (1.83 km) Colors Orange, Green, White Nickname Hurricanes Sporting affiliations NCAA Division I -- ACC Mascot Sebastian the Ibis Website www.miami.edu",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the enrollment at the location of the initial debate between Bush and Kerry? | [
{
"id": 29349,
"question": "Where did the first debate, between Kerry and Bush take place?",
"answer": "University of Miami",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 92763,
"question": "what is the enrollment at #1",
"answer": "16,801",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 16,801 | [] | true | What is the enrollment where the first debate between Kerry and Bush took place? |
2hop__311931_417706 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lee Aaron (album)",
"paragraph_text": "tracks 3, 5), arrangement\nPeter Coleman – arrangement, producer\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n=== Album ===\n\n\n=== Singles ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLee Aaron discography at leeaaron.comLee Aaron is the fourth studio album by the Canadian rock singer Lee Aaron, released on February 17, 1987 through Attic Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2002 through Unidisc Music. It is Aaron's third-highest charting album, reaching No. 39 on the Canadian albums chart and remaining on that chart for seventeen weeks, as well as reaching the top 60 in three other countries. Two singles reached the Canadian singles chartLee Aaron is the self-titled fourth studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on 17 February 1987 through Attic Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2002 through Unidisc Music. It is Aaron's third-highest charting album, reaching No. 39 on the Canadian albums chart and remaining on that chart for seventeen weeks, as well as reaching the top 60 in three other countries. Two singles reached the Canadian singles chart: \"Only Human\" at No. 44 and \"Goin' Off the Deep End\" at No. 93.LLee Aaron is the self-titled fourth studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on 17 February 1987 through Attic Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2002 through Unidisc Music. It is Aaron's third-highest charting album, reaching No. 39 on the Canadian albums chart and remaining on that chart for seventeen weeks, as well as reaching the top 60 in three other countries. Two singles reached the Canadian singles chart: \"Only Human\" at No. 44 and \"Goin' Off the Deep End\" at No. 93..\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nGlenn Miller at AllMusic described Lee Aaron as \"refreshing, showcasing the best songwriting and strongest music of [Aaron's] career\", and that she \"succeeds in this softer, commercial vein with mature subject matter.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLee Aaron – lead vocals, backing vocals, arrangement\nJohn Albani – guitar, background vocals, arrangement\nJim Gelcer – keyboard, background vocals, arrangement\nRandy Cooke – drums, percussion, arrangement\nChris Brockway – bass, background vocals, arrangement\nDavid Roberts – background vocals (tracks 3, 5), arrangement\nPeter Coleman – arrangement, producer\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n=== Album ===\n\n\n=== Singles ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLee Aaron discography at leeaaron.comLee Aaron is the fourth studio album by the Canadian rock singer Lee Aaron, released on February 17, 1987 through Attic Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2002 through Unidisc Music",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Emotional Rain",
"paragraph_text": ", but it may also be called mental pain, emotional pain, psychic pain, social pain,\nspiritual or soul pain, or suffering. While these clearly are not equivalent terms, one systematic comparison of theories and models of psychological pain, psychic pain, emotional pain, and suffering concluded that each describe the same profoundly unpleasant feeling. Psychological pain is widely believed to be an inescapable aspect of human existence.\nOther descriptions of psychological pain are \"a wide range of subjective experiences characterized as an awareness of negative changes in the self and in its functions accompanied by negative feelings\", \"a diffuse subjective experience ... differentiated from physical pain which is often localized and associated with noxious physical stimuli\", and \"a lasting, unsustainable, and unpleasant feeling resulting from negative appraisal of an inability or deficiency of theEmotional Rain is the seventh studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on August 3, 1994 through A&M Records (Canada) and in 1995 through Koch Entertainment (Europe); it was later reissued in 2004 through Solid Gold Records.PEmotional Rain is the seventh studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on August 3, 1994 through A&M Records (Canada) and in 1995 through Koch Entertainment (Europe); it was later reissued in 2004 through Solid Gold Records. a human being. It is mental suffering; mental torment.\" There is no shortage in the many ways psychological pain is referred to, and using a different word usually reflects an emphasis on a particular aspect of mind life. Technical terms include algopsychalia and psychalgia, but it may also be called mental pain, emotional pain, psychic pain, social pain,\nspiritual or soul pain, or suffering. While these clearly are not equivalent terms, one systematic comparison of theories and models of psychological pain, psychic pain, emotional pain, and suffering concluded that each describe the same profoundly unpleasant feeling. Psychological pain is widely believed to be an inescapable aspect of human existence.\nOther descriptions of psychological pain are \"a wide range of subjective experiences characterized as an awareness of negative changes in the self and in its functions accompanied by negative feelings\", \"a diffuse subjective experience ... differentiated from physical pain which is often localized and associated with noxious physical stimuli\", and \"a lasting, unsustainable, and unpleasant feeling resulting from negative appraisal of an inability or deficiency of theEmotional Rain is the seventh studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on August 3, 1994 through A&M Records (Canada) and in 1995 through Koch Entertainment (Europe); it was later reissued in 2004 through Solid Gold Records.Psychological pain, mental pain, or emotional pain is an unpleasant feeling (a suffering) of a psychological",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which record company is associated with the artist who performs Emotional Rain? | [
{
"id": 311931,
"question": "Emotional Rain >> performer",
"answer": "Lee Aaron",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 417706,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Attic Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Attic Records | [
"Attic"
] | true | What record label does the performer of Emotional Rain belong to? |
3hop1__857_846_7795 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of betweenAccording to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the ar",
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{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin ShekpaThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman,During his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.\n\n\n== Background on Yuan rule over Tibet ==\n\n\n=== Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty ===\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with the Tang dynasty (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, culminating in a treaty in 821 that fixed the borders between Tibet and China.\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving Sino-Tibetan contacts survive from the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Song were far more concerned with countering northern enemy states of the Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty (907–1125) and Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty (1115–1234).\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed Tibetan rulers, who decided to pay tribute to the Mongols. However, when they ceased to pay tribute after Genghis Khan's death, his successor Ögedei Khan (r. 1229–1241) launched an invasion into Tibet.\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officially incorporated into the Mongol Empire during the regency of Töregene Khatun (1241–1246). Michael C. van Walt van Praag writes that Godan granted Sakya Pandita temporal authority over a still politically fragmented Tibet, stating that \"this investiture had little real impact\" but it was significant in that it established the unique \"Priest-Patron\" relationship between the Mongols and the Sakya lamas.\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai",
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}
] | What was the projected population in 2011 of the city where the person receiving the edict was welcomed by the Emperor Yongle? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 7795,
"question": "What was the estimated population of #2 in 2011?",
"answer": "8.11 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 8.11 million | [] | true | In 2011, what was the estimated population of the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
2hop__55966_162341 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Philip Seymour Hoffman",
"paragraph_text": "8), Magnolia (1999), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and Almost Famous (2000). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote (2005), won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Further Oscar nominations came for playing a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson's War (2007), a priest accused of child sexual abuse in Doubt (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master (2012).\nWhile he mainly worked in independent films, including The Savages (2007) and Synecdoche, New York (2008), Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters, such as Twister (1996) and Mission: Impossible III (2006). He played Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series (2013–2015), in one of his final roles. The feature Jack Goes Boating (2010) marked his debut as a filmmaker. Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director. He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995, where he directed, produced, and appeared in numerous stage productions. Hoffman received Tony Award nominations for his performances in the Broadway revivals of Sam Shepard's True West (2000), Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night (2003), and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman (2012).\nHoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult and relapsed in 2012 after many years of sobriety. In February 2014, he died of combined drug intoxication. Remembered for bringing nuance, depth, and humanity to the versatile roles he inhabited, Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as \"perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation\".\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPhilip Hoffman was born on July 23, 1967, in the Rochester suburb of Fairport, New York. His mother, Marilyn O'Connor (née Loucks), came from nearby Waterloo and worked as an elementary school teacher before becoming a lawyer and eventually a family court judge. His father, Gordon Stowell Hoffman, was a native of Geneva, New York, and worked for the Xerox Corporation. Hoffman had one brother, Gordy, and two sisters, Jill and Emily. His ancestry included Irish and German.\n\nHoffman was baptized a Catholic and attended Mass as a child, but did not have a heavily religious upbringing. His parents divorced when he was nine, and the children were raised primarily by their mother. Hoffman's childhood passion was sports, particularly wrestling and baseball, but at age 12, he attended a stage production of Arthur Miller's All My Sons and was transfixed. He recalled in 2008, \"I was changed—permanently changed—by that experience. It was like a miracle to me\". Hoffman developed a love for the theater, and proceeded to attend regularly with his mother, who was a lifelong enthusiast. He remembered that productions of Quilters and Alms for the Middle Class, the latter starring a teenaged Robert Downey Jr. were also particularly inspirational. At the age of 14, Hoffman suffered a neck injury that ended his sporting activity, and he began to consider acting. Encouraged by his mother, he joined a drama club, and initially committed to it because he was attracted to a female member.\nActing gradually became a passion for Hoffman: \"I loved the camaraderie of it, the people, and that's when I decided it was what I wanted to do.\" At the age of 17, he was selected to attend the 1984 New York State Summer School of the Arts in Saratoga Springs, where he met his future collaborators Bennett Miller and Dan Futterman. Miller later commented on Hoffman's popularity at the time: \"We were attracted to the fact that he was genuinely serious about what he was doing. Even then, he was passionate.\" Hoffman applied for several drama degree programs and was accepted to New York University's (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts. Between graduating from Fairport High School and beginning the program, he continued his training at the Circle in the Square Theatre's summer program. Hoffman had positive memories of his time at NYU, where he supported himself by working as an usher. With friends, he co-founded the Bullstoi Ensemble acting troupe. He received a drama degree in 1989.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== 1991–1995: Early career ===\nAfter graduating, Hoffman worked in off-Broadway theater and made additional money with customer service jobs. He made his screen debut in 1991, in a Law & Order episode called \"The Violence of Summer\", playing a man accused of rape. He made his film debut the following year, when he was credited as \"Phil Hoffman\" in the independent film Triple Bogey on a Par Five Hole. After this, he adopted his grandfather's name, Seymour, to avoid confusion with another actor. More film roles promptly followed, with appearances in the studio production My New Gun, and a small role in the comedy Leap of Faith, starring Steve Martin. Following these roles, he gained attention playing a spoiled private school student in the Oscar-winning Al Pacino film Scent of a Woman (1992). Hoffman auditionPhilip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 -- February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits -- Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46.PhPhilip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 -- February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles -- typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits -- Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death at age 46. of the 50 greatest actors of all time in a 2022 readers' poll by Empire magazine.\nHoffman studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He gained recognition for his supporting work, notably in Scent of a Woman (1992), Boogie Nights (1997), Happiness (1998), The Big Lebowski (1998), Magnolia (1999), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and Almost Famous (2000). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote (2005), won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Further Oscar nominations came for playing a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson's War (2007), a priest accused of child sexual abuse in Doubt (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master (2012).\nWhile he mainly worked in independent films, including The Savages (2007) and Synecdoche, New York",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)",
"paragraph_text": "lie Wilson's War is a 2007 American biographical comedy-drama film based on the story of U.S. Congressman Charlie Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrakotos, whose efforts led to Operation Cyclone, a program to organize and support the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989).\nThe film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. It stars Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It earned five nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and Hoffman earned a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the 80th Academy Awards.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1980, Congressman Charlie Wilson, an East Texas Democrat, is more interested in partying than legislating,The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.Charlie Wilson's War is a 2007 American biographical comedy-drama film based on the story of U.S. Congressman Charlie Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrakotos, whose efforts led to Operation Cyclone, a program to organize and support the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989).\nThe film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. It stars Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It earned five nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and Hoffman earned a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the 80th Academy Awards.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1980, Congressman Charlie Wilson, an East Texas Democrat, is more interested in partying than legislating, frequently throwing huge galas and staffing his congressional office with attractive young women. His social life eventually brings about a federal investigation into allegations of his cocaine use, conducted",
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] | What type of accolades did the performer who portrayed the game creator in Hunger Games achieve? | [
{
"id": 55966,
"question": "who played the game maker in hunger games",
"answer": "Philip Seymour Hoffman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 162341,
"question": "#1 received what recognition?",
"answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor | [
"Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"
] | true | What kind of recognition did the actor who played the game maker in hunger games receive? |
2hop__160292_23241 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nigeria",
"paragraph_text": " more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largestAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups., with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century, taking its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures while practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation on 1 October 1960. It experienced a civil war from 1967 to 1970, followed by a succession of military dictatorships and democratically elected civilian governments until achieving a stable government in the 1999 Nigerian presidential election, with the election of Olusegun Obasanjo of the Peoples Democratic Party. However, the country frequently experiences electoral fraud, and corruption is rampant in various levels of Nigerian politics.\nNigeria is a multinational state inhabited by more than 250 ethnic groups speaking 500 distinct languages, all identifying with a wide variety of cultures. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa in the north, Yoruba in the west, and Igbo in the east, together constituting over 60% of the total population. The official language is English, chosen to facilitate linguistic unity at the national level. Nigeria's constitution ensures de jure freedom of religion, and it is home to some of the world's largest Muslim and Christian populations. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Muslims, who live mostly in the north part of the country, and Christians, who live mostly in the south; indigenous religions, such as those native to the Igbo and Yoruba ethnicities, are in the minority.\nNigeria is a regional power in Africa and a middle power in international affairs. Nigeria's economy is the fourth-largest in Africa, the 53rd-largest in the world by nominal GDP, and 27th-largest by PPP. Nigeria is often referred to as the GiantAccording to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.\nNigeria has been home to several indigenous pre-colonial states and kingdoms since the second millennium BC, with the Nok civilization in the 15th century BC marking the first internal unification. The modern state originated with British colonialization in the 19th century",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Religion in Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) noted that Saudi Arabia was seen as one of 16 “countries of particular concern” for engaging in or tolerating “systematic, ongoing, egregious violations [of religious freedom]”. That status continues in 2022.\nIn 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom. In the same year, it was ranked as the 13th worst place in the world to be a Christian by Open Doors, a Christian charity organization.\n\n\n== Religious groups ==\n\n\n=== Islam ===\n\nThe official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, in 2022 90% of Saudi Arabian citizens were Sunni Muslims, 10-12% are Shia. More than 30% of the population was made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but not entirely Muslim. The two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are in Saudi Arabia. For many reasons, non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities, although some Western non-Muslims have been able to enter, disguised as Muslims.\n\n\n=== Non-Muslims ===\nIn 2022, the kingdom's total population was approximately 35 million; it was estimated that of these, over one-third were foreign workers. Foreign workers applying for visas are informed that they have the right to worship privately and to possess personal religious items; however, there is no freedom of religion in the legal system, and there are reports of non-Sunnis and non-muslims being arrested and found guilty of religious crimes.\nAccording to Human Rights Watch, the Shia Muslim minority face systematic discrimination from the Saudi Arabian government in education, the justice system and especially religious freedom. Shias also face discrimination in employment and restrictions are imposed on the public celebration of Shia festivals such as Ashura and on the Shia taking part in communal public worship.\nAs no faith other than Islam is permitted to be practiced openly, no churches, synagogues, temples, gurudwaras, shrines, kingdom halls, or other non-Muslim houses of worship are permitted in the country although there were nearly three million Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs in 2022. Foreign workers are not allowed to celebrate Christmas or Easter; private prayer services are suppressed, and the Saudi Arabian religious police reportedly regularly search the homes of Christians. In 2007, Human Rights Watch requested that King Abdullah stop a campaign to round up and deport foreign followers of the Ahmadiyya faith.\n\nProselytizing by non-Muslims is illegal and conversion by Muslims to another religion (apostasy) carries the death penalty, though there have been no confirmed reports of executions for apostasy. Religious inequality extends to compensation awards in court cases. Once fault is determined, a Muslim receives the full amount of compensation determined, a Jew or Christian half, and all others a sixteenth. The classical Arabic historians tell us that in the year 20 after the hijra (Muhammad's move from Mecca to Medina), corresponding to 641 of the Christian calendar, the Caliph Umar decreed that Jews and ChristiansThe official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, 75–85% of Saudi Arabian citizens are Sunni Muslims, 10–15% are Shia. (More than 30% of the population is made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but not entirely Muslim.) It is unknown how many Ahmadis there are in the country. The two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are in Saudi Arabia. For many reasons, non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities although some Western non-Muslims have been able to enter, disguised as Muslims.IThe official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, 75–85% of Saudi Arabian citizens are Sunni Muslims, 10–15% are Shia. (More than 30% of the population is made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but not entirely Muslim.) It is unknown how many Ahmadis there are in the country. The two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are in Saudi Arabia. For many reasons, non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities although some Western non-Muslims have been able to enter, disguised as Muslims. Freedom of Religion ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is an Islamic theocracy. Religious minorities do not have the right to practice their religion openly. Conversion from Islam to another religion is punishable by death as apostasy. Proselytizing by non-Muslims, including the distribution of non-Muslim religious materials such as Bibles, Bhagavad Gita, Torah and Ahmedi Books is illegal. In late 2014, a law was promulgated calling for the death penalty for anyone bringing into the country \"publications that have a prejudice to any other religious beliefs other than Islam\" (thought to include non-Muslim religious books).\nThe 2019 annual report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) noted that Saudi Arabia was seen as one of 16 “countries of particular concern” for engaging in or tolerating “systematic, ongoing, egregious violations [of religious freedom]”. That status continues in 2022.\nIn 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom. In the same year, it was ranked as the 13th worst place in the world to be a Christian by Open Doors, a Christian charity organization.\n\n\n== Religious groups ==\n\n\n=== Islam ===\n\nThe official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, in 2022 90% of Saudi Arabian citizens were Sunni Muslims, 10-12% are Shia. More than 30% of the population was made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but not entirely Muslim. The two holiest cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina, are in Saudi Arabia. For many reasons, non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities, although some Western non-Muslims have been able to enter, disguised as Muslims.\n\n\n=== Non-Muslims ===\nIn 2022, the kingdom's total population was approximately 35 million; it was estimated that of these, over one-third were foreign workers. Foreign workers applying for visas are informed that they have the right to worship privately and to possess personal religious items; however, there is no freedom of religion in the legal system, and there are reports of non-Sunnis and non-muslims being arrested and found guilty of religious crimes.\nAccording to Human Rights Watch, the Shia Muslim minority face systematic discrimination from the Saudi Arabian government in education, the justice system and especially religious freedom. Shias also face discrimination in employment and restrictions are imposed on the public celebration of Shia festivals such as Ashura and on the Shia taking part in communal public worship.\nAs no faith other than Islam is permitted to be practiced openly, no churches, synagogues, temples, gurudwaras, shrines, kingdom halls, or other non-Muslim houses of worship are permitted in the country although there were nearly three million Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs in 2022. Foreign workers are not allowed to celebrate Christmas or Easter; private prayer services are suppressed, and the Saudi Arabian religious police reportedly regularly search the homes of Christians. In 2007, Human Rights Watch requested that King Abdullah stop a campaign to round up and deport foreign followers of the Ahmadiyya faith.\n\nProselytizing by non-Muslims is illegal and conversion by Muslims to another religion (apostasy) carries the death penalty, though there have been no confirmed reports of executions for apostasy. Religious inequality extends to compensation awards in court cases. Once fault is determined, a Muslim receives the full amount of compensation determined, a Jew or Christian half, and all others a sixteenth. The classical Arabic historians tell us that in the year 20 after the hijra (Muhammad's move from Mecca to Medina), corresponding to 641 of the Christian calendar, the Caliph Umar decreed that Jews and ChristiansThe official form of Islam is Sunni of the Hanbali school, in its Salafi version. According to official statistics, 75–85% of Saudi Arabian citizens are Sunni Muslims, 10–15% are Shia. (More than 30% of the population is made up of foreign workers who are predominantly but",
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] | What percentage of the Nigerian population followed the predominant religion of the workforce, as reported by Pew in 2010? | [
{
"id": 160292,
"question": "What religion are most of the workers?",
"answer": "Muslim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 23241,
"question": "According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was #1 ?",
"answer": "48.8 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 48.8 percent | [] | true | According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population practiced the religion of most of the workers? |
4hop1__802394_153080_33897_81096 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mingus Plays Piano",
"paragraph_text": "Mingus Plays Piano is a 1963 solo jazz album by Charles Mingus. The album is notable for Mingus's departure from his usual role as composer and double-bassist in ensemble recordings, instead playing piano without any additional musicians.== Track listing ==\n\"Myself When I Am Real\" – 7:38\n\"I Can't Get Started\" (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) – 3:43\n\"Body and Soul\" (Frank Eyton, Johnny Green, Edward Heyman, Robert Sour) – 4:35\n\"",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will PowerAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only",
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{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designatedTucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in the Charles Mingus High School Competition. In 1993, the Library of Congress acquired Mingus's collected papers—including scores, sound recordings, correspondence and photos—in what they described as \"the most important acquisition of a manuscript collection relating to jazz in the Library's history\".\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life and career ===\nCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus Jr. was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles.\nMingus's ethnic background was complex. His ancestry included German American, African American, and Native American heritage. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African American from the southern United States. Mingus was the great-great-great-grandson of his family's founding patriarch who, by most accounts, was a German immigrant. In Mingus's autobiography Beneath the Underdog, his mother was described as \"the daughter of an English/Chinese man and a South-American woman\", and his father was the son \"of a black farm worker and a Swedish woman\". Charles Mingus Sr. claims to have been raised by his mother and her husband as a white person until he was fourteen, when his mother revealed to her family that the child's true father was a black slave, after which he had to run away from his family and live on his own. The autobiography does not confirm whether Charles Mingus Sr. or Mingus himself believed this story was true, or whether it was merely an embellished version of the Mingus family's lineage. According to new information used to educate visitors to Mingus Mill in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, included in signs unveiled May 23, 2023, the father of Mingus Sr. was former slave Daniel Mingus, owned by the family of his mother Clarinda Mingus, a white woman. When Clarinda married a white man, Mingus Sr. was left with his white grandfather and great-grandparents. His father, who later changed his name to West, apparently did not have a relationship with Mingus Sr.\nHis mother allowed only church-related music in their home, but Mingus developed an early love for other music, especially that of Duke Ellington. He studied trombone, and later cello, although he was unable to follow the cello professionally because, at the time, it was nearly impossible for a black musician to make a career of classical music, and the cello was not accepted as a jazz instrument. Despite this, Mingus was still attached to the cello; as he studied bass with Red Callender in the late 1930s, Callender even commented that the cello was still Mingus's main instrument. In Beneath the Underdog, Mingus states that he did not actually start learning bass until Buddy Collette accepted him into his swing band under the stipulation that he be the band's bass player.\nDue to a poor education, the young Mingus could not read musical notation quickly enough to join the local youth orchestra. This had a serious impact on his early musical experiences, leaving him feeling ostracized from the classical music world. These early experiences, in addition to his lifelong confrontations with racism, were reflected in his music, which often focused on themes of racism, discrimination and (in)justice.\nMuch of the cello technique he learned was applicable to double bass when he took up the instrument in high school. He studied for five years with Herman Reinshagen, principal bassist of the New York Philharmonic, and compositional techniques with Lloyd Reese. Throughout much of his career, he played a bass made in 1927 by the German maker Ernst Heinrich Roth.\nMingus was already writing relatively advanced musical pieces in his teenage years; many are similar to Third Stream in that they incorporate elements of classical music. A number of pieces were recorded in 1960 with conductor Gunther Schuller, and released as Pre-Bird, referring to Charlie \"Bird\" Parker; Mingus was one of many musicians whose perspectives on music were altered by Parker into \"pre- and post-Bird\" eras.\nMingus gained a reputation as a bass prodigy. His first major professional job was playing with former Ellington clarinetist Barney Bigard. He toured with Louis Armstrong in 1943, and by early 1945 was recording in Los Angeles in a band led by Russell Jacquet, which also included Teddy Edwards, Maurice James Simon, Wild Bill Davis, and Chico Hamilton, and in May that year, in Hollywood, again with Edwards, in a band led by Howard McGhee.\nHe then played with Lionel Hampton's band in the late 1940s; Hampton performed and recorded several Mingus pieces. A popular trio of Mingus, Red Norvo, and Tal Farlow in 1950 and 1951 received considerable acclaim, but Mingus's race caused problems with some club owners and he left the group. Mingus was briefly a member of Ellington's band in 1953, as a substitute for bassist Wendell Marshall; however, Mingus's notorious temper led to his being one of the few musicians personally fired by Ellington (Bubber Miley and drummer Bobby Durham are among the others) after a backstage fight between Mingus and Juan Tizol.\nAlso in the early 1950s, before attaining commercial recognition as a bandleader, Mingus played gigs with Charlie Parker, whose compositions and improvisations greatly inspired and influenced him. Mingus considered Parker the greatest genius and innovator in jazz history, but he had a love-hate relationship with Parker's legacy. Mingus blamed the Parker mythology for a derivative crop of pretenders to Parker's throne. He was also conflicted and sometimes disgusted by Parker's self-destructive habits and the romanticized lure of drug addiction they offered to other jazz musicians. In response to the many sax players who imitated Parker, Mingus titled a song \"If Charlie Parker Were a Gunslinger, There'd Be a Whole Lot of Dead Copycats\" (released on Mingus Dynasty as \"Gunslinging Bird\").\nMingus married four times. His wives were Jeanne Gross, Lucille (Celia) Germanis, Judy Starkey, and Susan Graham Ungaro.\n\n\n=== Based in New York ===\nIn 1952, Mingus co-founded Debut Records with Max Roach so he could conduct his recording career as he saw fit. The name originated from his desire to document unrecorded young musicians. Despite this, the best-known recording the company issued was of the most prominent figures in bebop. On May 15, 1953, Mingus joined Dizzy Gillespie, Parker, Bud Powell, and Roach for a concert at Massey Hall in Toronto, which is the last recorded documentation of Gillespie and Parker playing together. After the event, Mingus chose to overdub his barely audible bass part back in New York; the original version was issued",
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] | Who emerged as the champion in the Indy Car Race held in the most populous city of the state native to the artist who created Mingus Plays Piano? | [
{
"id": 802394,
"question": "Mingus Plays Piano >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
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{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 33897,
"question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy Car Race in the largest populated city of the state where the performer of Mingus Plays Piano is from? |
3hop1__222497_737465_93723 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Alessandro Zezzos",
"paragraph_text": "banques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\",He studied under Giacomo Favretto, Alessandro Milesi, and Luigi Nono at the Academy of Fine Arts in his native Venice. In 1873, he exhibited in Venice: \"Né sposo né figlio\" and \"Scena famigliare\". In 1877 at Paris, \"Les saltimbanques\" and \"Les pingeons de Saint Marc\". He was active as a painter in Venice. Among his watercolors are \"Le rondini\", exhibited at 1880 at Turin; \"Una calle\", exhibited at the 1891 Mostra Triennale of the Brera Academy. In 1881 at Milan, displayed the paintings: \"Mercante di ventagli\"; \"At the Predica\", \"Half-figure of a Girl\"; and \"Popolana\". In 1883 in Rome, exhibited: \"The Lovers\". He painted \"Love Letter\", \"Una fuga nel 1700\"; and \"The Dockside of San Marco\". He sent to Paris in 1877-1878, the paintings: \"Pigeons of St Mark\", \"El-Mazrama\" (Mouchoir of the Sultan), \"Los Saltimbanques\", and \"A venetian - A Daughter of the People\". El-Mazrama (Mouchoir of the Sultan), Los Saltimbanques, and A venetian - A Daughter",
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"idx": 3,
"title": "Once Upon a Time in Venice",
"paragraph_text": " Ortiz as Chewy Emily Robinson as Taylor Ralph Garman as Bum Ron Funches as Mocha Jessica Gomes as NolaBruce Willis as Steve Ford, a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang. Jason Momoa as Spyder, a drug lord who forces Steve to do some jobs for the safety of his dog. John Goodman as Dave Phillips, Steve's best friend. Thomas Middleditch as John, an assistant in his operation to Steve. Famke Janssen as Katey Ford, Steve's sister - in - law. Adam Goldberg as Lou the Jew, a real estate developer Elisabeth Röhm as Anne Phillips, Dave's ex Stephanie Sigman as Lupe, Spyder's girlfriend. Wood Harris as Prince Christopher McDonald as Mr. Carter Adrian Martinez as Tino, the owner of a local pizza store who wants to help Steve. Kal Penn as Rajeesh, a grocery store clerk. Ken Davitian as Yuri Victor Ortiz as Chewy Emily Robinson as Taylor Ralph Garman as Bum Ron Funches as Mocha Jessica Gomes as Nola in him being chased by her brothers, who had hired him. He hides at his friend Tino's pizza place, and in returnBruce Willis as Steve Ford, a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang. Jason Momoa as Spyder, a drug lord who forces Steve to do some jobs for the safety of his dog. John Goodman as Dave Phillips, Steve's best friend. Thomas Middleditch as John, an assistant in his operation to Steve. Famke Janssen as",
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Al gran sole carico d'amore",
"paragraph_text": " (bass)\nMale and female communards, guerillas, comrades, the people of Paris, modern workers, mothers, Sicilian immigrants, Cuban women, prisoners\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nThe story is without conventional linear narrative, and comments in its two parts on the 1871 Paris Commune and the 1905 Russian Revolution. The principal characters are women from those periods, who perish in an attempt to stop the violence of their times.\n\n\n== Recordings ==\nTeldec New Line (2-CD setAl gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.== Roles ==\nTania (soprano)\nThiers (tenor)\nFavre (bass)\nLouise Michel (4 sopranos)\nL'ufficiale, the official (tenor)\nIl soldato, the soldier (tenor)\nBismarck (bass)\nLa madre, the mother (alto)\nDeola (4 sopranos)\nPavel (baritone)\nIl direttore di una fabbrica russa del 1905, the manager of a Russian factory in 1905 (tenor)\nIl delatore, the police informer (tenor)\nHaydée (soprano)\nUna madre e donne vietnamite, a mother and Vietnamese women (soprano)\nGramsci (baritone)\nDimitrov (2 basses)\nCastro (bass)\nMale and female communards, guerillas, comrades, the people of Paris, modern workers, mothers, Sicilian immigrants, Cuban women, prisoners\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nThe story is without conventional linear narrative, and comments in its two parts on the 1871 Paris Commune and the 1905 Russian Revolution. The principal characters are women from those periods, who perish in an attempt to stop the violence of their times.\n\n\n== Recordings ==\nTeldec New Line (2-CD set) 8573-81059-2: Claudia Barainsky, Maraile Lichdi, Melinda Liebermann, Stella Kleindienst, Lani Poulson, Roderic Keating, Markus Marquardt, Peter Kajlinger, Urs Winter, Helmut Holzapfel, Mark Munkittrick, Carsten Wittmoser; Chorus and Orchestra of the Staatsoper Stuttgart; Lothar Zagrosek, conductor. Recorded June–July 1999 in the Staatstheater Stuttgart.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nOsmond-Smith, David (2001). \"Al gran sole carico d'amore\". In Sadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John (eds.). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.\nE. G. \"Al gran sole carico d'amore di Luigi Nono\", in Piero Gelli (editor) Dizionario dell'opera, Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 2008. ISBN 88-6073-184-4 (archive from 12 February 2012).Al gran sole carico d'amore (In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love) is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.\n\n\n== Roles ==\nTania (soprano)\nThiers (tenor)\nFavre (bass)\nLouise Michel (4 sopranos)\nL'ufficiale, the official (tenor)\nIl soldato, the soldier (tenor)\nBismarck (bass)\nLa madre, the mother (alto)\nDeola (4 sopranos)\nPavel (baritone)\nIl direttore di una fabbrica russa del 1905, the manager of a Russian factory in 1905 (tenor)\nIl delatore, the police informer (tenor)\nHaydée (soprano)\nUna madre e donne vietnamite, a mother and Vietnamese women (soprano)\nGramsci (baritone)\nDimitrov (2 basses)\nCastro (bass)\nMale and female communards, guerillas, comrades, the people of Paris, modern workers, mothers, Sicilian immigrants, Cuban women, prisoners\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nThe story is without conventional linear narrative, and comments in its two parts on the 1871 Paris Commune and the 1905 Russian Revolution. The principal characters are women from those periods, who perish in an attempt to stop the violence of their times.\n\n\n== Recordings ==\nTeldec New Line (2-CD set) 8573-81059-2: Claudia Barainsky, Maraile Lichdi, Melinda Liebermann, Stella Kleindienst, Lani Poulson, Roderic Keating, Markus Marquardt, Peter Kajlinger, Urs Winter, Helmut Holzapfel, Mark Munkittrick, Carsten Wittmoser; Chorus and Orchestra of the Staatsoper Stuttgart; Lothar Zagrosek, conductor. Recorded June–July 1999 in the Staatstheater Stuttgart.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nOsAl gran sole carico d'amore (\"In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love\") is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. Nono himself and Yuri Lyubimov wrote the libretto. It premiered at the Teatro alla Scala on 4 April 1975, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Lyubimov directed the original production. The UK premiere was at the 32nd Edinburgh Festival in 1978. In addition to vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra, the work incorporates taped sounds. This work is a product of Nono's strong political activism through the mid-1970s.Al gran sole carico d'amore (In the Bright Sunshine Heavy with Love) is an opera (designated as an 'azione scenica') with music by Luigi Nono, based mainly on plays by Bertolt Brecht, but also incorporating texts of Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Karl Marx, and Vladimir Lenin. N",
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] | Which actor portrayed the character Spyder in the movie "Once Upon a Time," which was shot in the location where the composer of "Al gran sole carico d'amore" passed away? | [
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"id": 222497,
"question": "Al gran sole carico d'amore >> composer",
"answer": "Luigi Nono",
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"id": 737465,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
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{
"id": 93723,
"question": "spyder from once upon a time in #2",
"answer": "Jason Momoa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Jason Momoa | [] | true | Who played Spyder, from the "Once Upon a Time" film set in the place of death of the composer of Al gran sole carico d'amore? |
2hop__20433_157939 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Marvel Comics",
"paragraph_text": " with artist Jack Kirby to create one of the first patriotically themed superheroes, Captain America, in Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941). It, too, proved a hitA series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, \"Killraven\" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint. Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux. Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount.MarA series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, \"Killraven\" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint. Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux. Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Timely Publications ===\n \n\nPulp-magazine publisher Martin Goodman created the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Goodman, who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his existing company's offices at 330 West 42nd Street, New York City, he officially held the titles of editor, managing",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Howard the Duck (film)",
"paragraph_text": " four), and made about US$38 million (USHoward the Duck is a 1986 American comic science fiction film directed by Willard Huyck and starring Lea Thompson, Jeffrey Jones, and Tim Robbins. Based on the Marvel comic book of the same title, the film was produced by Gloria Katz and written by Huyck and Katz, with George Lucas as executive producer. The screenplay was originally intended to be an animated film, but the film adaptation became live-action because of a contractual obligation. Although several TV adaptations of Marvel characters had aired during the preceding 21 years, this was the first theatrically released feature film, coming after the serial Captain America.HowHoward the Duck is a 1986 American comic science fiction film directed by Willard Huyck and starring Lea Thompson, Jeffrey Jones, and Tim Robbins. Based on the Marvel comic book of the same title, the film was produced by Gloria Katz and written by Huyck and Katz, with George Lucas as executive producer. The screenplay was originally intended to be an animated film, but the film adaptation became live-action because of a contractual obligation. Although several TV adaptations of Marvel characters had aired during the preceding 21 years, this was the first theatrically released feature film, coming after the serial Captain America. 1944.\nLucas proposed adapting the comic book following the production of American Graffiti (1973). After multiple production difficulties and mixed response to test screenings, Howard the Duck was released in theaters on August 1, 1986. Upon its release, the film was a critical and commercial failure and was criticized for its humor, performances, inconsistent tone, and appearance of the title character, though the effects and soundtrack were mostly praised. In the years since, it has been considered among the worst films ever made, but has also developed a cult following. It was nominated for seven Razzie Awards (winning four), and made about US$38 million (USHoward the Duck is a 1986 American comic science fiction film directed by Willard Huyck and starring Lea Thompson, Jeffrey Jones, and Tim Robbins. Based on the Marvel comic book of the same title, the film was produced by Gloria Katz and written by Huyck and Katz, with George Lucas as executive producer. The screenplay was originally intended to be an animated film, but the film adaptation became live-action because of a contractual obligation. Although several TV adaptations of Marvel characters had aired during the preceding 21 years, this was the first theatrically released feature film, coming after the serial Captain America.Howard the Duck (known in France as Howard: A New Breed of Hero) is a 1986 American superhero comedy film directed by Willard Huyck and starring Lea Thompson, Jeffrey Jones, and Tim Robbins. Based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, the film was produced by Gloria Katz and written by Huyck and Katz, with George Lucas as executive producer. The screenplay was originally intended to be an animated film, but the film adaptation became live-action because of a contractual obligation. While several TV adaptations of Marvel characters were aired, this was the first theatrical release since the Captain America serial of 1944.\nLucas proposed adapting the comic book following the production of American Graffiti (1973). After multiple production difficulties and mixed response to test screenings, Howard the Duck was released in theaters on August 1, 1986. Upon its release, the film was a critical and commercial failure and was criticized for its humor, performances, inconsistent tone, and appearance of the title character, though the effects and soundtrack were mostly praised. In the years since, it has been considered among the worst films ever made, but has also developed a cult following. It was nominated for seven Razzie Awards (winning four), and made about US$38 million (US$16.3 million domestically) compared to its US$30–37 million budget.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nHoward the Duck lives on Duckworld, a planet similar to Earth but inhabited by anthropomorphic ducks. One night, his armchair propels him out of his apartment building and into outer space; Howard lands on Earth, in Cleveland, Ohio. Upon arriving, he encounters a woman being attacked by thugs, whom he defeats using a unique style of martial arts. The woman, Beverly Switzler, takes Howard to her apartment and lets him spend the night.\nThe following day, Beverly takes Howard to Phil Blumburtt, a scientist who Beverly hopes can help Howard return to his world. After Phil is revealed to be only a lab assistant, Howard resigns himself to life on Earth and rejects Beverly's aid. He gets a job as a janitor at a romance spa but eventually quits and returns to Beverly, who plays in a band called Cherry Bomb. At the club where Cherry Bomb is performing, Howard confronts their manager when he insults the band and plans to coerce Beverly. A fight breaks out, which Howard wins.\nHoward rejoins Beverly backstage and accompanies her back to her apartment, where Beverly persuades him to be the band's new manager. The two flirt and get into bed, but they are interrupted by Phil and two of his colleagues, who reveal that a laser spectroscope they were inventing was aimed at Howard's planet and transported him to Earth when it was activated. They theorize that Howard can be sent back to his world through a reversal of this process.\nUpon their arrival at the laboratory, the laser spectroscope malfunctions, raising the possibility of something else being transported to Earth. At this point, Dr. Walter Jenning is possessed by a life form from a distant region of space. When they visit a diner, the creature introduces himself as a \"Dark Overlord of the Universe\" and demonstrates his developing mental powers by destroying the table, utensils, and condiments. A fight ensues when a group of truckers in the diner insults Howard. He is captured and is almost killed by the diner chef, but the Dark Overlord destroys the diner and escapes with Beverly.\nHoward locates Phil, and they discover an ultralight aircraft, which they use to search for the Dark Overlord and Beverly. At the laboratory, the Dark Overlord plans to transfer another of his kind into Beverly's body with the dimension machine. Howard and Phil arrive and seemingly destroy the Dark Overlord with an experimental neutron disintegrator, but the creature is merely forced out of Jenning's body and attacks them in its true form. Howard fires the neutron disintegrator at the beast, obliterating him. He then destroys the laser spectroscope, preventing more Dark Overlords from arriving on Earth, but at the cost of his only chance of returning to Duckworld. Howard then becomes Beverly's manager, hires Phil as an employee on her tour, and performs with her on stage.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\nFuture Nirvana and Foo Fighters guitarist Pat Smear appears as an extra.\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nGeorge Lucas attended film school with Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz, who later co-wrote American Graffiti with Lucas. After the film's production concluded, Lucas told Huyck and Katz about the comic book Howard the Duck, primarily written by Steve Gerber, describing the series as being \"very funny\" and praising its elements of film noir and absurdism. In 1984, Lucas relinquished his presidency of Lucasfilm to focus on producing films. Lucas wanted John Landis to direct",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which year was the duck character from the satirical comic book series brought into existence? | [
{
"id": 20433,
"question": "What waterfowl character had his own satire series of comic books?",
"answer": "Howard the Duck",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 157939,
"question": "What year was #1 created?",
"answer": "1986",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | 1986 | [] | true | What year was the waterfowl character with his own series of satirical comic books created? |
2hop__55552_158105 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Windows 98",
"paragraph_text": " 95 is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems. The first operating system in the 9x family, it is the successor to Windows 3.1, and was released to manufacturing on July 14, 1995, and generally to retail on August 24, 1995, almost three months after the release of Windows NT 3.51. Windows 95 is the first version of Microsoft Windows to include the Modern Windows Feel (Taskbar, Start Menu.) Windows 95 merged Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows products, and featured significant improvements over its predecessor, most notably in the graphical user interface (GUI) and in its simplified \"plug-and-play\" features. There were also major changes made to the core components of the operating system, such as moving from a mainly cooperatively multitasked 16-bit architecture to a 32-bit preemptive multitasking architecture, at least when running only 32-bit protected mode applications.\nAccompanied by an extensive marketing campaign, Windows 95 introduced numerous functions and features that were featured in later Windows versions, and continue in modern variations to this day, such as the taskbar, notification area, and the \"Start\" button. It is considered to be one of the biggest and most important products in the personal computing industry.\nThree years after its introduction, Windows 95 was followed by Windows 98. Nevertheless, Windows 95 remained the most popular operating system in 1998, despite the release of Windows 98. Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows 95 on December 31, 2000. Like Windows NT 3.51, Windows 95 received only one year of extended support, ending on December 31, 2001.\n\n\n== Development ==\n\nThe initial design and planning of Windows 95 can be traced back to around March 1992, just around the time before the release of Windows 3.1. At this time, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 and Windows NT 3.1 were still in development. At this point, Microsoft's strategy was to have a next generation, high-end OS based on Windows NT, namely, Cairo, and a low-end, consumer-focused one as an evolution of Windows 3.1. The latter strategy was to develop a 32-bit underlying kernel and filesystem with 32-bit protected mode device drivers in Windows for Workgroups 3.11, to be used as the basis for the next version of Windows, code named \"Chicago.\" Cairo would be Microsoft's next-generation operating system based on Windows NT, featuring a new user interface and an object-based file system, but it was not planned to be shipped before 1994. Cairo would never be shipped, however, although elements from the Cairo project eventually shipped in Windows NT 4.0 in late July 1996, without the object-based file system, which would later evolve into WinFS.\nSimultaneously with Windows 3.1's release, IBM started shipping OS/2 2.0. Microsoft realized they required an updated version of Windows that could support 32-bit applications and preemptive multitasking, but could still run on low-end hardware (Windows NT did not). Initially, the \"Chicago\" team did not know how the product would be packaged. Initial thoughts were there might be two products, MS-DOS 7, which would just be the underlying OS, an evolution of the Windows for Workgroups 3.11 kernel, with a character mode OS on top, and a fully integrated graphical Windows OS. But soon into the project, the idea of MS-DOS 7 was abandoned and the decision was made to develop only an integrated graphical OS Windows \"Chicago.\"\n\n\n=== Beta ===\nBefore Windows 95's official release, users in the United States and United Kingdom had an opportunity to participate in the Windows 95 Preview Program. For US$19.95/£19.95, users would receive several 3.5-inch floppy disks that would be used to install Windows 95 either as an upgrade from Windows 3.1 or as a fresh installation. Participants were also given a free preview of The Microsoft Network (MSN), the online service that Microsoft launched with Windows 95. During the preview period, Microsoft established various electronic distribution points for promotional and technical documentation on Chicago, including a detailed document for media reviewers describing the new system highlights. The preview versions expired in November 1995, after which the user would have to purchase their copy of the final version of Windows 95.\n\n\n== Architecture ==\n\nWindows 95 was designed to be maximally compatible with existing MS-DOS and 16-bit Windows programs and device drivers while offering a more stable and better performing system. The Windows 95 architecture is an evolution of Windows for Workgroups' 386 enhanced mode.\n\nConfiguration Manager (CONFIGMG)\nResponsible for implementing Plug and Play functionality; monitoring hardware configuration changes; detecting devices using bus enumerators; and allocating I/O ports, IRQs, DMA channels and memory in a conflict-free fashion.\nInstallable File System ManagerThe release of Windows 98 was preceded by a notable press demonstration at COMDEX in April 1998. Microsoft CEO Bill Gates was highlighting the operating system's ease of use and enhanced support for Plug and Play (PnP). However, when presentation assistant Chris Capossela hot plugged a USB scanner in, the operating system crashed, displaying a Blue Screen of Death. Bill Gates remarked after derisive applause and cheering from the audience, \"That must be why we're not shipping Windows 98 yet.\" Video footage of this event became a popular Internet phenomenon.The release of Windows 98 was preceded by a notable press demonstration at COMDEX in April 1998. Microsoft CEO Bill Gates was highlighting the operating system's ease of use and enhanced support for Plug and Play (PnP). However, when presentation assistant Chris Capossela hot plugged a USB scanner in, the operating system crashed, displaying a Blue Screen of Death. Bill Gates remarked after derisive applause and cheering from the audience, \"That must be why we're not shipping Windows 98 yet.\" Video footage of this event became a popular Internet phenomenon.Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems. The first operating system in the 9x family, it is the successor to Windows 3.1, and was released to manufacturing on July 14, 1995, and generally to retail on August 24, 1995, almost three months after the release of Windows NT 3.51. Windows 95 is the first version of Microsoft Windows to include the Modern Windows Feel (Taskbar, Start Menu.) Windows 95 merged Microsoft's formerly separate MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows products, and featured significant improvements over its predecessor, most notably in the graphical user interface (GUI) and in its simplified \"plug-and-play\" features. There were also major changes made to the core components of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Microsoft Windows version history",
"paragraph_text": " many features that have been part of the product ever since, including the Start menu, the taskbar, and Windows Explorer (renamed File Explorer in Windows 8). In 1997, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 4 which included the (at the time controversial) Windows Desktop Update. It aimed to integrate Internet Explorer and the web into the user interface and also brought many new features into Windows, such as the ability to display JPEG images as the desktop wallpaper and single window navigation in Windows Explorer. In 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98, which also included the Windows Desktop Update and Internet Explorer 4 by default. The inclusion of Internet Explorer 4 and the Desktop Update led to an antitrust case in the United States. Windows 98 included USB support out of the box, and also plug and play, which allows devices to work when plugged in without requiring a system reboot or manual configuration. Windows Me, the last DOS-based version of Windows, was aimed at consumers and released in 2000.Microsoft Windows was announced by Bill Gates on November 10, 1983. Microsoft introduced Windows as a graphical user interface for MS - DOS, which had been introduced a couple of years earlier. In the 1990s, the product line evolved from an operating environment into a fully complete, modern operating system over two lines of development, each with their own separate codebase.Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows was announced by Bill Gates on November 10, 1983. Microsoft introduced Windows as a graphical user interface for MS - DOS, which had been introduced a couple of years earlier. In the 1990s, the product line evolved from an operating environment into a fully complete, modern operating system over two lines of development, each with their own separate codebase. own separate codebase.\nThe first versions of Windows (1.0 through to 3.11) were graphical shells that ran from MS-DOS. Windows 95, though still being based on MS-DOS, was its own operating system. Windows 95 also had a significant amount of 16-bit code ported from Windows 3.1. Windows 95 introduced many features that have been part of the product ever since, including the Start menu, the taskbar, and Windows Explorer (renamed File Explorer in Windows 8). In 1997, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 4 which included the (at the time controversial) Windows Desktop Update. It aimed to integrate Internet Explorer and the web into the user interface and also brought many new features into Windows, such as the ability to display JPEG images as the desktop wallpaper and single window navigation in Windows Explorer. In 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98, which also included the Windows Desktop Update and Internet Explorer ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which two attributes of Windows 98 did the man who unveiled Windows in 1983 emphasize? | [
{
"id": 55552,
"question": "who developed the first version of windows operating system in 1983",
"answer": "Bill Gates",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 158105,
"question": "Which two features were played up by #1",
"answer": "ease of use and enhanced support for Plug and Play",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | ease of use and enhanced support for Plug and Play | [] | true | What two features of Windows 98 were highlighted by the man who announced Windows in 1983? |
2hop__433694_20273 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Presbyterianism",
"paragraph_text": " of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent of one another.\" The Church in Scotland kept the Christian feast of Easter at a date different from the See of Rome and its monks used a unique style of tonsure. The Synod of Whitby in 664, however, ended these distinctions as it ruled \"that Easter would be celebrated according to the Roman date, not the Celtic date.\" Although Roman influence came to dominate the Church in Scotland, certain Celtic influences remained in the Scottish Church, such as \"the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditional and folk tunes\", which later became a \"distinctive part of Scottish Presbyterian worship\".\n\n\n=== Development ===\n\nPresbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the Reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations.\nPresbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scottish Catholic Priest who studied with Calvin in Geneva and brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. An important influence on the formation of presbyterianism in Britain also came from John a Lasco, a Polish reformer, the founder of a Stranger's Church in London, based on the Geneva models.\nThe Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to Scotland. In August 1560, the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.\nIn time, the Scots Confession would be supplanted by the Westminster Confession of Faith, and the larger and shorter catechisms, which were formulated by the Westminster Assembly between 1643 and 1649.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nPresbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organisation (or \"church order\") and worship, often using a \"Book of Order\" to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism. Many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Some of the splits have been due to doctrinal controversy, while some have been caused by disagreement concerning the degree to which those ordained to church office should be required to agree with the Westminster Confession of Faith, which historically serves as an important confessional document – second only to the Bible, yet directing particularities in the standardisation and translation of the Bible – in Presbyterian churches.\nPresbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning, tempered with the belief that no human action can affect salvation.\nContinuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine are embodied in several statements of faith and catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church, often referred to as \"subordinate standards\".\n\n\n=== Government ===\n\nPresbyterian government is by councils (still known as courts in some countries, as boards in others) of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, and mission of the local congregation. Teaching elders (pastors or ministers) have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors or ministers are called by individual congregations. A congregation issues a call for the pastor or minister's service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery. The pastor or minister is a teaching elder, and Moderator of the Session, but is not usually a member of the congregation; instead, this person is a member of the Presbytery of which the given church is a member.\nRuling elders are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the teaching elders, assuming responsibility for the nurture and leadership of the congregation. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry to the needy in the congregation to a distinct group of officers (sometimes called deacons, which are ordained in some denominations). This group may variously be known as a \"Deacon Board\", \"Board of Deacons\" \"Diaconate\", or \"Deacons' Court\". These are sometimes known as \"presbyters\" to the full congregation. Since the 20th century, most denominations allow women to be teaching or ruling elders.\nAbove the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists.John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church. sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders), a conciliar approach as with other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod, and general assembly). There are roughly 75 million Presbyterians in the world.\nThe roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Reformation of the 16th century, the example of John Calvin's Republic of Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches that trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas.\n\n\n== Presbyterian identity ==\n\n\n=== Early history ===\n\nPresbyterian tradition, particularly that of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Margaret Knox",
"paragraph_text": "riages and children ==\nOn 26 March 1564, she married her first husband, John Knox, leader of the Scottish Reformation, and a close friend of her father. His first wife, Marjorie Bowes, had died in December 1560, leaving him with two small sons, Nathaniel and Eleazer. The marriage was strongly criticised by Queen Mary, as they had married without having first obtained her consent. Margaret, as the Queen's relative, was required to ask the monarch for permission to marry.\nThe couple made their home on Edinburgh's Royal Mile, and together they had three daughters:\n\nMartha Knox (1565–1592), married Alexander Fairlie, by whom she had issue.\nMargaret Knox (b.1567), married Zachary Pont, by whom she had issue.\nElizabeth Knox (1570- January 1622), married in 1594, John Welsh, minister of Ayr, by whom she had issue.\nMargaret served as Knox's secretary, and later, when he became ill, his nurse. Following Knox's death in November 1572, the General Assembly, at the suggestion of the Regent, Morton, allowed Margaret to receive, for the year succeeding her husband's death, his pension of 500 merks.\nIn January 1574Margaret Knox (née Stewart; 1547 – after 1612) was a Scottish noblewoman and the second wife of Scottish reformer John Knox, whom she married when she was 17 years old and he 54. The marriage caused consternation from Mary, Queen of Scots, as the couple had married without having obtained royal consent.Margaret Knox (née Stewart; 1547 – after 1612) was a Scottish noblewoman and the second wife of Scottish reformer John Knox, whom she married when she was 17 years old and he 54. The marriage caused consternation from Mary, Queen of Scots, as the couple had married without having obtained royal consent.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the year of death for the husband of Margaret Knox? | [
{
"id": 433694,
"question": "Margaret Knox >> spouse",
"answer": "John Knox",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 20273,
"question": "What year did #1 past away?",
"answer": "1572",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | 1572 | [] | true | In what year did Margaret Knox's spouse pass away? |
2hop__6750_6733 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Catalan language",
"paragraph_text": "ian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nThe language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.\n\n\n== Etymology and pronunciation ==\n\nThe word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.\nIn English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as , or .\nThe endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name \"Valencian\", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with \"Catalan\". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in the dictionaries by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. See also status of Valencian below.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Middle Ages ===\n\nBy the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.\nIn the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.\nDuring the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded southward to the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century.\nIn the Low Middle Ages, Catalan went through a golden age, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural richness. Examples include the work of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th–14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry culminating in Ausiàs March (1397–1459). By the 15th century, theWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Catalan language",
"paragraph_text": "Despite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element. Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language. It is the official language of Andorra, and an official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or \"Catalan Countries\".\nThe language evolved from Vulgar Latin in the Middle Ages around the eastern Pyrenees. Nineteenth-century Spain saw a Catalan literary revival, culminating in the early 1900s.\n\n\n== Etymology and pronunciation ==\n\nThe word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin: Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ('Land of the Goths'), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.\nIn English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from Middle French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. The word Catalan can be pronounced in English as , or .\nThe endonym is pronounced [kətə��la] in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and [kata��la] in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensi��a, ba-] is frequently used instead. Thus, the name \"Valencian\", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole, synonymous with \"Catalan\". Both uses of the term have their respective entries in the dictionaries by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua and the Institut d'Estudis Catalans. See also status of Valencian below.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Middle Ages ===\n\nBy the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.\nIn the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which language category would you place one that possesses a novel structure? | [
{
"id": 6750,
"question": "What form is innovative?",
"answer": "Central Catalan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 6733,
"question": "To what division does #1 belong?",
"answer": "Eastern block",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Eastern block | [] | true | To what division of languages does one with an innovative form belong? |
2hop__171254_383727 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Alice Clere",
"paragraph_text": " listed as \"Lady Clere\".\nIn 1533, Alice and her sister, Anne Shelton, were placed in charge of the household of the King's daughter, Princess Mary. Alice was also a senior member of Princess Elizabeth's household while she was living at Hatfield Palace in Hertfordshire. It has been supposed that Alice Clere was the kinder of the two guardians appointed to Mary. Anne Shelton is believed to have been harsher.\nAlice died on 1 November 1538, leaving a will dated 28 October 1538 which was proved 23 January 1539. Both she and her husband were buried at Ormesby St. Margaret. Her monument was a slab in the chancel with a brass depicting her holding a heart in her hands.\n\n\n== Will ==\nAlice Clere left the family estates to her older son John Clere. She bequeathed him \"a bed of blue damask and yellow\", a \"heart of gold with a large diamond in it\", and \"a pair of beads of gold\" (a rosary). Alice Clere left her younger son Thomas Clere \"a salt of gold with a cover having a rose in the knop,Alice Clere (died 1538) was the daughter of Sir William Boleyn and his wife Margaret Ormond (otherwise Butler), the daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond. Alice was thus the sister of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and the aunt of King Henry VIII's second Queen, Anne Boleyn.AAlice Clere (died 1538) was the daughter of Sir William Boleyn and his wife Margaret Ormond (otherwise Butler), the daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond. Alice was thus the sister of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and the aunt of King Henry VIII's second Queen, Anne Boleyn..\n\n\n== Life ==\nAlice married, as her second husband, Sir Robert Clere (c. 1453 – 10 August 1529) of Ormesby St. Margaret, Norfolk, the son and",
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "William Boleyn",
"paragraph_text": " his wife, Anne Hoo. He was the father of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and the paternal grandfather of King Henry VIII's second Queen, Anne Boleyn.SSir William Boleyn (1451 – 10 October 1505) was the son of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, a wealthy mercer and Lord Mayor of London, and his wife, Anne Hoo. He was the father of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and the paternal grandfather of King Henry VIII's second Queen, Anne Boleyn. daughter was Queen Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nWilliam Boleyn was born at Blickling Hall in Norfolk, the younger of the two sons of Sir Geoffrey BoleSir William Boleyn (1451 – 10 October 1505) was the son of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, a wealthy mercer and Lord Mayor of London, and his wife, Anne Hoo. He was the father of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, and the paternal grandfather of King Henry VIII's second Queen, Anne Boleyn.Sir William Boleyn, KB (1451 – 10 October 1505) of Blickling Hall in Norfolk and Hever Castle in Kent, was a wealthy and powerful landowner who served as Sheriff of Kent in 1489 and as Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1500. He was the father of Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, whose daughter was Queen Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nWilliam Boleyn was born at Blickling Hall in Norfolk, the younger of the two sons of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn (1406–1463), a wealthy member of the Worshipful Company of Mercers who purchased the Blickling estate in 1452 and served as Lord Mayor of London in 1457–58. William's mother was Anne Hoo (c.1424-1484), the eldest child of Thomas Hoo, Baron Hoo and Hastings of Luton Hoo in Hertfordshire, and his only child by his first wife Elizabeth Wychingham, a daughter of Sir Nicholas Wychingham of Norfolk.\n\n\n== Fraternal inheritance ==\nWilliam's father died in 1463 when his estates were inherited by William's elder brother Thomas Boleyn, Esquire, of the City of London, of whom William became the heir apparent. Thomas died in 1471 and asked in his will to be buried beside his father in the Church of St Lawrence, Old Jewry in City of London, where their monumental inscriptions were recorded by John Weever in 1631. Thomas appointed his mother as his executor, instructing her to sell his manor of Ingham, Norfolk. William eventually succeeded to Blickling, Hever Castle, and other estates formerly held by his brother.\n\n\n== Hoo inheritance ==\nIn the mid-1440s Sir Thomas Hoo received the lordship of Hastings, the Garter, and his baronial title, and made his second marriage. He then secured his various manors to his own heirs and those of his younger half-brother, Thomas Hoo Esquire. Lord Hoo and Hastings died in 1455: his brother settled the manor and advowson of Mulbarton, Norfolk on Anne Hoo and her husband Geoffrey Boleyn, and when Anne died a widow in 1484 they descended to her son Sir William Boleyn, who presented to the joint rectory of Mulbarton-cum-Keningham in 1494, 1497 and 1500. In 1487, on the death of Thomas Hoo, Esq., without issue, then by a feoffment made in 1473 (and not as heir general) William Boleyn became seised of the manor of Offeley St Leger in Offeley and Cokernhoe, Hertfordshire, and others in Sussex.\n\n\n== Career ==\nHe was admitted to the Mercers' Company in 1472, and (by special admission) to Lincoln's Inn in 1473. He was created a Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of Richard III in 1483. In August 1483 John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, Lord High Admiral, constituted Sir William his deputy for all the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk, for life. He was charged by King Henry VII with responsibility for the beacons which were used to warn in the event of an attack on English shores. As a member of the Kent gentry, owing to his seat at Hever Castle, he served as Sheriff of Kent in 1489 and owing to his Norfolk seat at Blickling, as Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1500.\n\n\n== Marriage and issue ==\nBefore November 1469, William Boleyn married Margaret Butler (d. 1539/1540), the second daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond (d. 1515) by his first wife Anne Hankford. As part of her marriage settlement she brought the manor of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire to her husband. By his wife he had six sons and four daughters:\n\nAnne Boleyn (18 November 1475 - 31 October 1479) who died in infancy \"aged 3 years, 11 months and 13 days\", and was buried in Blickling Church where survives her monumental brass, which shows her as a mature woman;\nJane (Amata, Amy or Ann) Boleyn (c. 1475 – died after 1521) who married Sir Phillip Calthorpe (died c. 1552) of Erwarton in Suffolk;\nThomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (c. 1477 – 12 March 1538/9), eldest son and heir, who married Elizabeth Howard, a daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk by his first wife, Elizabeth Tilney. His second daughter was Queen Anne Boleyn (c.1501/5-1536), the second wife of King Henry VIII;\nJohn Boleyn (died 1484), buried at Blickling, predeceased his father;\nAnthony Boleyn (died 30 September 1493), buried at Blickling, predeceased his father;\nAlice Boleyn (c. 1478 – 1 November 1538) who married Sir Robert Clere (died 10 August 1529) of Ormesby St Michael and Ormesby St St Margaret, Norfolk. Her monumental brass survives",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal grandfather of Alice Clere? | [
{
"id": 171254,
"question": "Alice Clere >> father",
"answer": "William Boleyn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 383727,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Geoffrey Boleyn",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Geoffrey Boleyn | [] | true | Who fathered the father of Alice Clere? |
2hop__215896_460425 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "World Film Company",
"paragraph_text": " early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based in the early part of the 20th century.\n\n\n== Formation ==\n\nWorld Film was to be theThe World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company, organized in 1914 in Fort Lee, New Jersey.TheThe World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company, organized in 1914 in Fort Lee, New Jersey.Short-lived but significant in American film history, World Film was created by financier and filmmaker Lewis J. Selznick in Fort Lee, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based in the early part of the 20th century.\n\n\n== Formation ==\n\nWorld Film was to be theThe World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company, organized in 1914 in Fort Lee, New Jersey.The World Film Company or World Film Corporation was an American film production and distribution company, organized in 1914 in Fort Lee, New Jersey.\nShort-lived but significant in American film history, World Film was created by financier and filmmaker Lewis J. Selznick in Fort Lee, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based in the early part of the 20th century.\n\n\n== Formation ==\n\nWorld Film was to be the distribution arm for three main production companies: Selznick's own production company called Equitable Pictures, Jules Brulatour's Peerless Pictures, and the Shubert Pictures production company founded by the strong-willed promoter and entrepreneur William Aloysius Brady.\nUnder this arrangement, World Film was the distributor for some 380 short films and features from 1914 through 1921. It also became a production company, with filming centered at Brulatour's Peerless Studio facilities, and run by Brady. The Schuberts intended to use their own chain of vaudeville and legitimate theaters as film venues. In the period between 1912 and 1915, all five of the most important film production companies in the U.S. had similar ties to theatrical entrepreneurs, hoping to leverage their theater chains: Famous Players Film Company, Klaw & Erlanger's \"Protective Amusement Company\", the Jesse L. Lasky Company, the Triangle Film Corporation, and World Film.\nBy 1916, Selznick was ousted from World Film by its board. Chicago investor Arthur Spiegel was put in charge as president. Production remained at Fort Lee until 1919, when the company was re-purchased by Selznick and absorbed into his Lewis J. Selznick Productions, based on the west coast of the United States.\n\n\n== Talent ==\nWorld Film was distinguished by its concentration of talent. It acquired film production company Equitable Motion Pictures Corporation.\nThe destruction by fire of the French-based Eclair's New Jersey studio on March 10, 1914, and the outbreak of World War I the following August drove a re-organization of foreign film-industry assets in Fort Lee, including the employees. Within World Film a number of French directors and cinematographers, many of whom had been brought over to work at American Eclair, organized themselves in a separate French-speaking unit, with its own sensibility. For about three years Maurice Tourneur, Léonce Perret, George Archainbaud, Emile Chautard, Albert Capellani and Lucien Andriot, among others, worked together on films such as 1914's The Wishing Ring: An Id",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Boss (1915 film)",
"paragraph_text": "glas MacLean – Regan's Secretary, Robert (*as Douglas McLean)\nR. B. Mantell Jr. – Regan's Butler, Gates\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Boss at IMDb\nThe Boss synopsis at AllMovie\nLawrence, Elwell (July 1915). \"The Boss\". Photoplay. VIII (2). Chicago, Ill: Photoplay Publishing Co.: 140ff. Retrieved 26 December 2013.The Boss is a 1915 silent film produced by William A. Brady and released through his World Film Company. The film is based on a 1911 play by Edward Sheldon called The Boss. On stage it starred Holbrook Blinn and Emily Stevens. In this silent version Holbrook Blinn reprises his role from the Broadway play but Emily Stevens is replaced by Alice Brady, the daughter of producer William Brady. The Boss is considered a lost film.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHolbrook Blinn – Michael R. Regan\nAlice Brady – Emily Griswold\nWilliam Marion – Archbishop Sullivan\nCharles S. Abbe – James D. Griswold\nBert Starkey – Porkey McCoy\nFrederick Truesdell – Scanlan\nJulia Stuart – Mrs. Regan\nDouglas MacLean – Regan's Secretary, Robert (*as Douglas McLean)\nR. B. Mantell Jr. – Regan's Butler, Gates\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Boss at IMDb\nThe Boss synopsis at AllMovie\nLawrence, Elwell (July 1915). \"The Boss\". Photoplay. VIII (2). Chicago, Ill: Photoplay Publishing Co.: 140ff. Retrieved 26 December 2013.The Boss is a 1915 silent film produced by William A. Brady and released through his World Film Company. The film is based on a 1911 play by Edward Sheldon called The Boss. On stage it starred Holbrook Blinn and Emily Stevens. In this silent version Holbrook Blinn reprises his role from the Broadway play but Emily Stevens is replaced by Alice Brady, the daughter of producer William Brady. The Boss is considered a lost film.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHolbrook Blinn – Michael R. Regan\nAlice Brady – Emily Griswold\nWilliam Marion – Archbishop Sullivan\nCharles S. Abbe – James D. Griswold\nBert Starkey – Porkey McCoy\nFrederick Truesdell – Scanlan\nJulia Stuart – Mrs. Regan\nDouglas MacLean – Regan's Secretary, Robert (*as Douglas McLeanThe Boss is a 1915 silent film produced by William A. Brady and released through his World Film Company. The film is based on a 1911 play by Edward Sheldon called \"The Boss\". On stage it starred Holbrook Blinn and Emily Stevens. In this silent version Holbrook Blinn reprises his role from the Broadway play but Emily Stevens is replaced by Alice Brady, the daughter of producer William Brady.The Boss isThe Boss is a 1915 silent film produced by William A. Brady and released through his World Film Company. The film is based on a 1911 play by Edward Sheldon called \"The Boss\". On stage it starred Holbrook Blinn and Emily Stevens. In this silent version Holbrook Blinn reprises his role from the Broadway play but Emily Stevens is replaced by Alice Brady, the daughter of producer William Brady. The Boss is considered a lost film.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHolbrook Blinn – Michael R. Regan\nAlice Brady – Emily Griswold\nWilliam Marion – Archbishop Sullivan\nCharles S. Abbe – James D. Griswold\nBert Starkey – Porkey McCoy\nFrederick Truesdell – Scanlan\nJulia Stuart – Mrs. Regan\nDouglas MacLean – Regan's Secretary, Robert (*as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is the film company that is distributing The Boss originally established? | [
{
"id": 215896,
"question": "The Boss >> distributed by",
"answer": "World Film Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 460425,
"question": "#1 >> location of formation",
"answer": "Fort Lee",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Fort Lee | [] | true | What is the location of formation of the film company distributing The Boss? |
2hop__520033_123956 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Battle of Palembang",
"paragraph_text": "rons. The group could only muster 40 Bristol Blenheim light bombers and 35 Lockheed Hudson light bombers. The Blenheims had flown from the Middle East and Egypt, where they were considered too old to cope with newer German and Italian fighters. A handful of United States Far East Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers also operated out of Palembang briefly in January, but these were withdrawn to Java and Australia before the battle commenced.\nNo. 226 (Fighter) Group RAF also arrived at Palembang in early February: two squadrons of Hawker Hurricanes transported to Sumatra by the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable. They were joined by the remnants of British, Australian and Royal New Zealand Air Force Hurricane and Brewster Buffalo squadrons, which had both inflicted and suffered heavy losses in intense air battles over the Malayan and Singapore campaigns.\nThe Royal NetherlandsThe Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese. and the Japanese.\n\n\n== Prelude ==\n\nIn January, the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM) decided to concentrate Allied air forces in Sumatra at two airfields near Palembang: Pangkalan Benteng, also known as \"P1\" and a secret air base at Prabumulih (then Praboemoelih), or \"P2\".\nThe British Royal Air Force created No. 225 (Bomber) Group at Palembang. It included two Royal Australian Air Force squadrons and a large number of Australians serving with British squadrons. The group could only muster 40 Bristol Blenheim light bombers and 35 Lockheed Hudson light bombers. The Blenheims had flown from the Middle East and Egypt, where they were considered too old to cope with newer German and Italian fighters. A handful of United States Far East Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers also operated out of Palembang briefly in January, but these were withdrawn to Java and Australia before the battle commenced.\nNo. 226 (Fighter) Group RAF also arrived at Palembang in early February: two squadrons of Hawker Hurricanes transported to Sumatra by the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable. They were joined by the remnants of British, Australian and Royal New Zealand Air Force Hurricane and Brewster Buffalo squadrons, which had both inflicted and suffered heavy losses in intense air battles over the Malayan and Singapore campaigns.\nThe Royal Netherlands East",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Denny Januar Ali",
"paragraph_text": " was named by Time magazine in 2015 as one of 30 most influential people on the Internet. This recognition was regarding his role in utilizing social media in shaping public opinion and polls in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election.\nIn late July 2015, Denny JA's book Fang Yin's Handkerchief (English and German edition) become the no. 1 best-seller in Amazon.com kindle book poetry. Denny JA is also known for giving birth to a new genre of essay poetry through his book In the Name of Love. Around 150 poetry books have been published in Indonesia and Southeast Asia based on the new genre of essay poetry.\nIn 2014, he was awarded by Twitter, Inc. as The World No 2 Golden Tweet 2014, and the No 1 in Indonesia. He was also awarded by MURI as the first and the only political consultant in the world helping and winning presidential election three times in a row. In his case, the presidential elections he was involved were in Indonesia in 2004, 2009, and 2014. In the same year, he was chosen as one of 33 the most influential literature figures in Indonesian historyDenny Januar Ali, known as Denny JA (born 4 January 1963 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an intellectual entrepreneur and best-selling author. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia.DDenny Januar Ali, known as Denny JA (born 4 January 1963 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an intellectual entrepreneur and best-selling author. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia. in Literature. In Indonesia, Denny JA is listed as the second person ever to be nominated as a Nobel Literature nominee after Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia.\nDenny JA was named by Time magazine in 2015 as one of 30 most influential people on the Internet. This recognition was regarding his role in utilizing social media in shaping public opinion and polls in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election.\nIn late July 2015, Denny JA's book Fang Yin's Handkerchief (English and German edition) become the no. 1 best-seller in Amazon.com kindle book poetry. Denny JA is also known for giving birth to a new genre of essay poetry through his book In the Name of Love. Around 150 poetry books have been published in Indonesia and Southeast Asia based on the new genre of essay poetry.\nIn 2014, he was awarded by Twitter, Inc. as The World No 2 Golden Tweet 2014, and the No 1 in Indonesia. He was also awarded by MURI as the first and the only political consultant in the world helping and winning presidential election three times in a row. In his case, the presidential elections he was involved were in Indonesia in 2004, 2009, and 2014. In the same year, he was chosen as one of 33 the most influential literature figures in Indonesian historyDenny Januar Ali, known as Denny JA (born 4 January 1963 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an intellectual entrepreneur and best-selling author. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia.Denny Januar Ali, known as Denny JA (born 4 January 1963) is an Indonesian writer, political consultant, intellectual, litterateur, entrepreneur, and researcher. In 2021, the Essay Poetry Community nominated him as a nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In Indonesia, Denny JA is listed as the second person ever to be nominated as a Nobel Literature nominee after Pramoedya Ananta Toer. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia.\nDenny JA was named by Time magazine in 2015 as one of 30 most influential people on the Internet. This recognition was regarding his role in utilizing social media in shaping public opinion and polls in Indonesia's 2014 presidential election.\nIn late July 2015, Denny JA's book Fang Yin's Handkerchief (English and German edition) become the no. 1 best-seller in Amazon.com kindle book poetry. Denny JA is also known for giving birth to a new genre of essay poetry through his book In the Name of Love. Around 150 poetry books have been published in Indonesia and Southeast Asia based on the new genre of essay poetry.\nIn 2014, he was awarded by Twitter, Inc. as The World No 2 Golden Tweet 2014, and the No 1 in Indonesia. He was also awarded by MURI as the first and the only political consultant in the world helping and winning presidential election three times in a row. In his case, the presidential elections he was involved were in Indonesia in 2004, 2009, and 2014. In the same year, he was chosen as one of 33 the most influential literature figures in Indonesian history by a team of eight (a team of prominent poets, critics and academicians).\nOn 16 August 2018, he and his institution Lingkaran Survei Indonesia held the largest political education and were awarded the Guinness World Records. As for the award in literary works, he received the 2020 ASEAN Humanitarian and Diplomacy Literature Award from the Sabah Language and Literature Agency, Malaysia and the 2021 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Indonesian Writers Guild Satupena for his dedication and innovation in the world of writing for 40 years. He is also widely reported as a pioneer of NFT in Indonesia. His painting entitled: A Portrait of Denny JA: 40 Years in The World of Ideas is Indonesia's first NFT ever sold at the public gallery, Opensea, in April 2021, for 27.5 ETH, worth one billion Indonesian rupiahs at the time.\nDenny JA is also known as a social activist promoting and campaigning non-discrimination movement and funding this movement by his own money after he is successful as a businessman.\n\n\n== Background ==\nIn the academic world, Denny JA founded the Indonesian Survey Foundation (LSI, Lembaga Survei Indonesia 2003), the Indonesian Survey Circle (LSI, Lingkaran Survei Indonesia 2005), the Public Association of Opinion Research (AROPI, 2007), and the Indonesian Political Consultancy Association (AKPI, 2009). Through these four organizations Denny JA has become known as the founding father of a new tradition in Indonesian public opinion surveying and political consultancy.\nDenny JA popularized the quantitative social science that has been able to predict the winners of local and general elections in Indonesia since 2004. He predicted the winner of the 2009 presidential election one month before it took place. The incumbent President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, predicted Denny JA, will win in just one round. He went massively public with his prediction in the newspapers and on national TV. His prediction was the hottest topic of conversation during the 2009 presidential elections and even became the subject of an official debate between the presidential candidates which was aired by many national TV stations. His prediction was accurate, and Denny JA was awarded the title of News Maker of the 2009 Election by the Indonesian Association of Journalists.\nIn the political world (2004–2012), Denny JA has been dubbed a king maker thanks to his instrumental role in the victories of two presidents (2004, 2009), 23 governors out of the 33 Indonesian provinces, and 51 regents and mayors. Through his entrepreneurship he has turn political consultancy into a new profession, and an effective one.\nDenny JA also scored a hit when he overturned articles contained in both the 2009 Law on Legislative Elections and the 2009 Law on Presidential Elections. Twice the Constitutional Court ruled in favour of Denny JA in his position as chairman of the association of survey institutions (AROPI). Articles which restricted academic freedom, such as those banning the quick count on the day of the election were overturned by the Constitutional Court.\nHe also holds the MURI record for being the first person to bring Indonesian literature into the social media era. His book of poetry, Atas Nama Cinta (2012) was the first which could be accessed on smartphones through Twitter. In less than one month, puisi-esai.com gained over one million hits. In less than six months, the website received over four million hits. This has never been achieved before by any book, especially a book of literature. Especially a book of poetry.\nSince 2012 Denny JA has been active in the anti-discrimination movement. He",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the conclusion date of the battle that took place in Denny Januar Ali's birthplace? | [
{
"id": 520033,
"question": "Denny Januar Ali >> place of birth",
"answer": "Palembang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 123956,
"question": "On what date did Battle of #1 end?",
"answer": "15 February 1942",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | 15 February 1942 | [] | true | On what date did Battle of the birth place of Denny Januar Ali end? |
2hop__50432_56873 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "1959 FA Cup Final",
"paragraph_text": "1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →1959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 21959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →1951959 FA Cup Final Event 1958 -- 59 FA Cup Nottingham Forest Luton Town Date 2 May 1959 Venue Wembley Stadium, London Referee Jack Clough (Bolton) Attendance 100,000 ← 1958 1960 →",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nottingham Forest F.C.",
"paragraph_text": "Forest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups. with the exception of five seasons in the third tier. Its most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which included those back-to-back European Cup triumphs in 1979 and 1980.\nIn Clough's last decade at the club, Forest won the 1989 and 1990 League Cups and were losing finalists in the 1991 FA Cup final and 1992 League Cup final, before relegation from the Premier League in 1993. Upon their immediate return, Forest finished third in the Premier League in 1995 before again suffering relegation from the top flight in 1997 and 1999. The team returned to the Premier League by winning the play-offs in 2022.\nForest's main rivalry is with Derby County, with who they contest the East Midlands derby. In 2007 the Brian Clough Trophy was founded, which has since then been given to the winner.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 19th century ===\n\nIn 1865 a group of shinty players met at the Clinton Arms (now renamed The Playwright) at the junction of Nottingham's Shakespeare Street and North Sherwood Street. J.S. Scrimshaw's proposal to play association football instead was agreed and Nottingham Forest Football Club was formed. It was agreed at the same meeting that the club would purchase twelve tasselled caps coloured 'Garibaldi Red' (named after the leader of the Italian 'Redshirts' fighters). Thus the club's official colours were established. Matches were originally played at Forest Racecourse, the presumed source of the word 'Forest' in the team's name.\nFrom 2019 to 2023, Nottingham Forest claimed to be the oldest remaining club in the English Football League. In 2019, when Notts County were relegated from the league, Stoke City claimed to be the oldest remaining club, but football historian Mark Metcalf stated that Stoke was formed in 1868, rather than the 1863 date on the club's badge, and therefore Forest was the oldest club. The EFL also stated that Nottingham Forest was the oldest.\nForest's first ever official game was played against Notts County taking place on 22 March 1866. On 23 April 1870, when the team played their first game in league play, the steward of the club was John Lymberry and William Henry Revis scored the first goal. On that day, Revis also won the prize for kicking a football furthest with a kick of 161 feet 8 inches.\nIn their early years Nottingham Forest were a multi-sports club. As well as their roots in bandy and shinty, Forest's baseball club were British champions in 1899. Forest's charitable approach helped clubs like Liverpool, Arsenal and Brighton & Hove Albion to form. In 1886, Forest donated a set of football kits to help Arsenal establish themselves – the North London team still wear red. Forest also donated shirts to Everton and helped secure a site to play on for Brighton.\nIn 1878–79 season, Nottingham Forest entered into the FA Cup for the first time. Forest beat Notts County 3–1 in the first round at Beeston Cricket Ground before eventually losing 2–1 to Old Etonians in the semi-final.\nNottingham Forest's application was rejected to join the Football League at its formation in 1888. Forest instead joined the Football Alliance in 1889.\nThey won the competition in 1892 before then entering the Football League. That season they reached and lost in an FA Cup semi-final for the fourth time to date. This time it was to West Bromwich Albion after a replay.\n\nNottingham Forest's first FA Cup semi-final win was at the fifth attempt, the 1897–98 FA Cup 2–0 replay win against Southampton. The first game was drawn 1–1. Derby County beat Nottingham Forest 5–0 five days before the final. Six of the cup final side were rested in that league game. In that 1898 FA Cup final at Crystal Palace before 62,000 fans, Willie Wragg passed a 19th minute free kick to Arthur Capes. Capes shot through the defensive wall to score. Derby equalised with a free kick headed home by Steve Bloomer off the underside of the cross bar after 31 minutes. In the 42nd minute Jack Fryer was unable to hold a Charlie Richards shot giving Capes a tap in for his second goal. Wragg's injury meant Forest had to change their line up with Capes dropping back to midfield. In the 86th minute John Boag headed away a corner by Nottingham Forest. John McPherson moved in to collect shooting low into the goal to win 3–1.\n\n\n=== First half of 20th century ===\nForest lost FA Cup semi-finals in 1900 and 1902. They finished fourth in the 1900–01 Football League followed with fifth place the season after. The club then started to slide down the table. Forest were relegated for the first time in 1905–06. Grenville Morris had his first of five seasons as the club's highest scorer en route to becoming the all-time club highest goalscorer with 213 goals.\nPromotion as champions was immediate in 1906–07. The club was relegated a second time to the Second Division in 1911, and had to seek re-election in 1914 after finishing bottom of that tier; as the First World War approached it was in serious financial trouble. The outbreak of the War, along with the benevolence of the committee members, prevented the club going under.\nIn 1919, the Football League First Division was to be expanded from twenty clubs to twenty-two in time for the 1919–20 Football League: Forest was one of eight clubs to campaign for entry, but received only three votes. Arsenal and Chelsea gained the two additional top tier slots.\nIn a turnaround from the first six seasons struggling back in the Second Division, Forest were promoted as champions in 1921–22. They survived each of the first two seasons back in the top flight by one position. In the third season after promotion they were relegated as the division's bottom club in 1924–25. They remained in the second tier until relegation in 1949 to the Football League Third Division.\n\n\n=== Re-emergence then decline (1950–1974) ===\nThey were quickly promoted back two years later as champions, having scored a record 110 goals in the 1950–51 season. They regained First Division status in 1957.\nJohnny Quigley's solitary 1958–59 FA Cup semi-final goal beat Aston Villa. Billy Walker's Forest beat Luton Town 2–1 in the 1959 FA Cup final. Like in 1898, Forest had lost heavily to their opponents only weeks earlier in the league. Stewart Imlach crossed for a 10th-minute opener by Roy Dwight (the cousin of Reg Dwight better known as Elton John). Tommy Wilson had Forest 2–0 up after 14 minutes. The game had an unusually large number of stoppages due to injury, particularly to Forest players. This was put down to the lush nature of the Wembley turf. The most notable of these stoppages was Dwight breaking his leg in a 33rd minute tackle with Brendan McNally. Forest had been on top until that point. Luton though gradually took control of the match, with Dave Pacey scoring midway through the second half. Forest were reduced to nine fit men with ten minutes remaining when Bill Whare crippled with cramp, became little more than a spectator. Despite late Allan Brown and Billy Bingham chances Chick Thomson conceded no further goals for Forest to beat the Wembley 1950s 'hoodoo' (where one team was hampered by losing a player through injury). Club record appearance holder Bobby McKinlay played in the final winning team captained by Jack Burkitt.\nBy this time, Forest had replaced Notts County as the biggest club in Nottingham. Johnny Carey assembled a team including Joe Baker and Ian Storey-Moore that for a long spell went largely unchanged in challenging for the 1966–67 Football League title. They beat title rivals Manchester United 4–1 at the City Ground on 1 October. The 3–0 win against Aston Villa on 15 April had Forest second in the table, a point behind United. Injuries eventually took effect, meaning Forest had to settle for being League runners-up and losing in the FA Cup semi-final to Dave Mackay's Tottenham Hotspur.\nThe 1966–67 season's success seemed an opportunity to build upon, with crowds of 40,000 virtually guaranteed at the time. Instead, a mixture at the club of poor football management, the unique committee structure and proud amateurism meant decline after the 1966-67 peak. Forest were relegated from the top flight in 1972. Matt Gillies' October 1972 managerial departure was followed by short managerial reigns by Dave Mackay and Allan Brown. A",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What year did the team who triumphed over Luton Town with a 2-1 score in the 1959 FA Cup final secure their FA Cup victory? | [
{
"id": 50432,
"question": "who won the 1959 fa cup final beating luton town 2-1",
"answer": "Nottingham Forest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 56873,
"question": "when did #1 win the fa cup",
"answer": "1898 and 1959",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1898 and 1959 | [] | true | When did the team that won the 1959 fa cup final beating luton town 2-1 win the fa cup? |
3hop2__28727_92991_76291 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as \"the senior senator from Virginia\" or \"the junior senator from California\".\nThere are very few restrictions on the content of speeches, and there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate.\nThe Senate Rules provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day (a legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and ends when it adjourns; hence, it does not necessarily coincide with the calendar day). The length of these speeches is not limited by the rules; thus, in most cases, senators may speak for as long as they please. Often, the Senate adopts unanimous consent agreements imposing time limits. In other cases (for example, for the budget process), limits are imposed by statute. In general, however, the right to unlimited debate is preserved.\n\n\n==== Filibuster ====\n\nThe filibuster is an obstructionary tactic used to defeat bills and motions by prolonging debate indefinitely. A filibuster may entail, but does not actually require, long speeches, dilatory motions, and an extensive series of proposed amendments. The longest filibuster speech in the history of the Senate was delivered by Strom Thurmond, who spoke for over twenty-four hours in an unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Senate may end a filibuster by invoking cloture. In most cases, cloture requires the support of three-fifths of the Senate. Cloture is invoked very rarely, particularly because bipartisan support is usually necessary to obtain the required supermajority. If the Senate does invoke cloture, debate does not end immediately; instead, further debate is limited to thirty additional hours unless increased by another three-fifths vote.\n\n\n==== Closed session ====\n\nOn occasion, the Senate may go into what is called a secret or closed session. During a closed session, the chamber doors are closed and the galleries are completely cleared of anyone not sworn to secrecy, not instructed in the rules of the closed session, or not essential to the session. Closed sessions are rare and are usually held only under certain circumstances in which the Senate is discussing sensitive subject matter, such as information critical to national security, private communications from the president, or discussions of Senate deliberations during impeachment trials. Any Senator has the right to call a closed session as long as the motion is seconded.\n\n\n=== Voting ===\nWhen debate concludes, the motion in question is put to a vote. In many cases, the Senate votes by voice vote; the presiding officer puts the question, and Members respond either \"Aye!\" (in favor of the motion) or \"No!\" (against the motion). The presiding officer then announces the result of the voice vote. Any senator, however, may challenge the presiding officer's assessment and request a recorded vote. The request may be granted only if it is seconded by one-fifth of the senators present. In practice, however, senators second requests for recorded votes as a matter of courtesy. When a recorded vote is held, the clerk calls the roll of the Senate in alphabetical order; each senator responds when their name is called. Senators who miss the roll call may still cast a vote as long as the recorded vote remains open. The vote is closed at the discretion of the presiding officer but must remain open for a minimum of fifteen minutes. If the vote is tied, the Vice President, if present, is entitled to a casting vote. If the Vice President is not present, however, the motion is resolved in the negative.\n\n\nThe Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Alaska",
"paragraph_text": " of the Bering land bridge. The Russian Empire was the first to actively colonize the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing Russian America, which spanned most of the current state and promoted and maintained a native Alaskan Creole population. The expense and logistical difficulty of maintaining this distant possession prompted its sale to the U.S. in 1867 for US$7.2 million (equivalent to $157 million in 2023). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a territory on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.\nAbundant natural resources have enabled Alaska—with one of the smallest state economies—to have one of the highest per capita incomes, with commercial fishing, and the extraction of natural gas and oil, dominating Alaska's economy. U.S. Armed Forces bases and tourism also contribute to the economy; more than half of the state is federally-owned land containing national forests, national parks, and wildlife refuges. It isAlaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968.Alaska ( ə-LASS-kə) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. It is in the Western United States region. The only other non-contiguous UAlaska regularly supports Republicans in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's electoral college votes in all but one election that it has participated in (1964). No state has voted for a Democratic presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee Lyndon B. Johnson during his landslide election in 1964, while the 1960 and 1968 elections were close. Since 1972, however, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In 2008, Republican John McCain defeated Democrat Barack Obama in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was Sarah Palin, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in 2012, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968.aska is the largest U.S. state by area, comprising more total area than the following three largest states of Texas, California, and Montana combined, and is the sixth-largest subnational division in the world. It is the third-least populous and most sparsely populated U.S. state, but is, with a population of 736,081 as of 2020, the continent's most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel, with more than quadruple the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland. The state contains the four largest cities in the United States by area, including the state capital of Juneau. The state's most populous city is Anchorage, and approximately half of Alaska's residents live within its metropolitan area.\nIndigenous people have lived in Alaska for thousands of years, and it is widely believed that the region served as the entry point for the initial settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge. The Russian Empire was the first to actively colonize the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing Russian America, which spanned most of the current state and promoted and maintained a native Alaskan Creole population.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, theThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the political party typically backed by Alaska seize command over the rule-making body of both the US House and Senate? | [
{
"id": 28727,
"question": "Which political party does Alaska generally support?",
"answer": "Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 92991,
"question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate",
"answer": "The Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #1 take control of the #2",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | January 2015 | [] | true | When did the party Alaska generally supports take control of the determiner of rules of the US House and US Senate? |
3hop1__120881_2053_5289 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level ofThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Stand Against Fear",
"paragraph_text": ") and his buddy Nelson Doyle. When Krista's best friend Ruth, boarding a football team bus to pass out bottled water, gets manhandled badly, Krista later finds out that most of the cheerleaders have been undergoing such treatment. She reports the incident to new coach Ron Peters, who lightly talks it over with Josh, but the team captain denies it all.\nUndeterred, Josh and Nelson continue their campaign of harassment. The pair corner Krista in the girls' locker room. Josh pushes her against the lockers while Nelson holds her hands above her head, allowing Josh to freely run his hands all over Krista until Ruth intervened. A terrified Krista tells her mother Anne (Shanna Reed), who is also a counselor at theStand Against Fear (also called Unlikely Suspects) is a 1996 American made-for-television drama film starring Sarah Chalke as a cheerleader who takes action when she faces sexual intimidation from football players at her school. The film is a part of the \"Moment of Truth\" franchise and aired on NBC on December 16, 1996.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": "In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (��式会社��ニー・��ュージックエンタテインメント, Kabushiki gaisha Sonī Myūjikku Entateinmento), often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short (stylized as SonyMusic), is a Japanese music arm for Sony. Founded in 1968 as CBS/Sony, SMEJ is directly owned by Sony Group Corporation and is operating independently from the United States-based Sony Music Entertainment due to its strength in the Japanese music industry. Its subsidiaries include the Japanese animation production enterprise, Aniplex, which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who had spent a decade traveling the world building CBS’s international company. In 1972 Schein would leave CBS to become the president of Sony Corporation of America.\nSony Music Entertainment Japan was officially incorporated in March 1968 as a Tokyo-based 50/50 joint venture between Sony and U.S. conglomerate CBS to distribute the latter's music releases in Japan. The company was incorporated as CBS/Sony Records and with Sony co-founder Akio Morita as president.\nNorio Ohga, who himself was a musician, was part of the management team from the formation of the company and served as president and representative director since April 1970. In 1972, when CBS/Sony was",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which record company, responsible for releasing Stand Against Fear, was acquired in the UK by a prominent New York broadcaster, other than ABC? | [
{
"id": 120881,
"question": "Who released Stand Against Fear?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 5289,
"question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?",
"answer": "Oriole Records.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Oriole Records. | [
"Oriole Records"
] | true | What label was bought in the UK by the other major New York broadcast that is in addition to ABC, and the one who released Stand Against Fear? |
2hop__87953_17335 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Battle of the Hydaspes",
"paragraph_text": " his \"masterpieces\" in combat. The Macedonians' engagement with the Indians at Hydaspes remains a very significant historical event with regard to the Wars of Alexander the Great, as it resulted in the exposure of Greek political and cultural influences to the Indian subcontinent, which would continue to affect Greeks and Indians for centuries to come.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAfter Alexander defeated the last of the Achaemenid Empire's forces under Bessus and Spitamenes in 328 BC, he began a new campaign to further extend his empire towards India in 327 BC. After fortifying Bactria with 10,000 men, Alexander commenced his invasion of India through the Khyber Pass. Whilst possessing a much larger army, at the battle, an estimated 40,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry crossed the river in time to engage the enemy. During this battle, Alexander suffered heavy losses compared to his earlier victories.\nThe primary Greek column entered the Khyber Pass, but a smaller force under the personal command of Alexander went through the northern route, taking the fortress of Aornos (modern-day Pir-Sar) along the way—a place of mythological significance to the Greeks as, according to legend, Herakles had failed to occupy it when he campaigned in India. Here, the Hindu clans of Hindu Kush gave Alexander's army the toughest opposition they had faced, but Alexander still emerged victorious, despite being outnumbered, depending on the source, somewhere between 3:1 and 5:1.\nIn early spring of the next year, Alexander formed an alliance with Taxiles (local name Ambhi), the King of Taxila. They combined their forces against Taxiles's neighbour, the King of Hydaspes, Porus the Elder, who had chosen to spurn Alexander's command for him to surrender and was preparing for war. Alexander had to subdue Porus in order to keep marching east. To leave such a strong opponent at his flanks would have endangered any further exploits. Alexander could not afford to show any weakness if he wanted to keep the loyalty of the already subdued Indian princes. Porus had to defend his kingdom and chose the perfect spot to check Alexander's advance. Although he lost the battle, he became the most successful recorded opponent of Alexander. According to historian Peter Green, Porus's performance in the battle out-classed both Memnon of Rhodes and Spitamenes.\n\n\n== Pre-battle manoeuvres ==\n\nAlexander fixed his camp on the north banks of the Jhelum River (then called the Hydaspes). In the spring of 326 BC, PorusThe Battle of the Hydaspes was fought in 326 BC between Alexander the Great and King Porus of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the river Jhelum (known to the Greeks as Hydaspes) in what is now the Punjab province of Pakistan. The battle resulted in a complete Greek victory and the annexation of the Punjab, which lay beyond the far easternmost confines of the already absorbed Persian empire, into the Macedonian Empire.TheThe Battle of the Hydaspes was fought in 326 BC between Alexander the Great and King Porus of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the river Jhelum (known to the Greeks as Hydaspes) in what is now the Punjab province of Pakistan. The battle resulted in a complete Greek victory and the annexation of the Punjab, which lay beyond the far easternmost confines of the already absorbed Persian empire, into the Macedonian Empire. and captured Porus. Large areas of Punjab were subsequently absorbed into the Macedonian Empire; Porus was reinstated as the region's ruler after Alexander, having developed a newfound respect for the fierce resistance put up by Porus and his army, appointed him as a satrap.\nIn spite of close Indian surveillance, Alexander's decision to cross the monsoon-swollen Hydaspes in order to catch Porus's army in the flank has been referred to as one of his \"masterpieces\" in combat. The Macedonians' engagement with the Indians at Hydaspes remains a very significant historical event with regard to the Wars of Alexander the Great, as it resulted in the exposure of Greek political and cultural influences to the Indian subcontinent, which would continue to affect Greeks and Indians for centuries to come.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAfter Alexander defeated the last of the Achaemenid Empire's forces under Bessus and Spitamenes in 328 BC, he began a new campaign to further extend his empire towards India in 327 BC. After fortifying Bactria with 10,000 men, Alexander commenced his invasion of India through the Khyber Pass. Whilst possessing a much larger army, at the battle, an estimated 40,000 infantry and 5,000 cavalry crossed the river in time to engage the enemy. During this battle, Alexander suffered heavy losses compared to his earlier victories.\nThe primary Greek column entered the Khyber Pass, but a smaller force under the personal command of Alexander went through the northern route, taking the fortress of Aornos (modern-day Pir-Sar) along the way—a place of mythological significance to the Greeks as, according to legend, Herakles had failed to occupy it when he campaigned in India. Here, the Hindu clans of Hindu Kush gave Alexander's army the toughest opposition they had faced, but Alexander still emerged victorious, despite being outnumbered, depending on the source, somewhere between 3:",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": " In science, the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes are exemplary. Sculpture during this period was characterized by intense emotion and dynamic movement, as seen in sculptural works like the Dying Gaul and the Venus de Milo. A form of Hellenistic architecture arose which especially emphasized the building of grand monuments and ornate decorations, as exemplified by structures such as the Pergamon Altar. The religious sphere of Greek religion expanded through syncretic facets to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele, and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\nScholars and historians are divided as to which event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. There is a wide chronological range of proposed dates that have included the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by the expansionist Roman Republic in 146 BC following the Achaean War, the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, the end of the reign of the emperor Hadrian in AD 138, and the move by the emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in AD 330. Though this scope of suggested dates demonstrates a range of academic opinion, a generally accepted date by scholarship has been that of 31/30 BC.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word originated from ancient Greek ���λληνιστής (Hellēnist���s, \"one who uses the Greek language\"), from ���λλάς (Hellás, \"Greece\"); as if \"Hellenist\" + \"ic\".\nThe idea of a Hellenistic period is a 19th-century concept, and did not exist in ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (AncientThe Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in an influx of Greek colonists and the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, a breadth spanning as far as modern-day India. These new Greek kingdoms were also influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where deemed beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the ancient Greek world with that of Western Asian, Northeastern African, and Southwestern Asian. The consequence of this mixture gave rise to a common Attic-based Greek dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca throughout the ancient world.\nDuring the Hellenistic period, Greek cultural influence reached its peak in the Mediterranean and beyond. Prosperity and progress in the arts, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science characterize the era. The Hellenistic period saw",
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] | What was the date of death for the victor of the confrontation between Poras and Sikander? | [
{
"id": 87953,
"question": "who won the battle between poras and sikander",
"answer": "Alexander the Great",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 17335,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "323 BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 323 BC | [] | true | When did the winner of the Battle between Poras and Sikander die? |
4hop1__236903_153080_33897_81096 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. RyanAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in the Charles Mingus High School Competition. In 1993, the Library of Congress acquired Mingus's collected papers—including scores, sound recordings, correspondence and photos—in what they described as \"the most important acquisition of a manuscript collection relating to jazz in the Library's history\".\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life and career ===\nCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus Jr. was largely raised in the Watts area of Los AngelesCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "East Coasting",
"paragraph_text": " (plus the standard 'Memories of You') features his usual sidemen of the period (trombonist Jimmy Knepper, trumpeter Clarence Shaw, Shafi Hadi on tenor and alto and drummer Dannie Richmond) along with pianist Bill Evans. The music stretches the boundaries of bop, is never predictable and, even if this is not one of Mingus's more acclaimed dates, it is well worth acquiring for the playing is quite stimulating.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Memories of You\" [Take 7] (Eubie Blake, Andy Razaf) - 4:27\n\"East Coasting\" [Take 4] - 5:13\n\"West Coast Ghost\" [Take 6] - 10:28\n\"Celia\" [Take 5] - 7:54\n\"Conversation\" [Take 16] - 5:28\n\"Fifty-First Street Blues\" [Take 4] - 5:48\n\"East Coasting\" [alternate take] - 5:30\n\"Memories of You\" [alternate take]East Coasting is an album by Charles Mingus, recorded and released in 1957. It was reissued on CD with bonus takes in 1993..\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: \"One of Charles Mingus's lesser-known band sessions, this set of five of his originals (plus the standard 'Memories of You') features his usual sidemen of the period (trombonist Jimmy Knepper, trumpeter Clarence Shaw, Shafi Hadi on tenor and alto and drummer Dannie Richmond) along with pianist Bill Evans. The music stretches the boundaries of bop, is never predictable and, even if this is not one of Mingus's more acclaimed dates, it is well worth acquiring for the playing is quite stimulating.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Memories of You",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood,",
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] | Which competitor triumphed in the Indy car race held in the most densely populated city pertaining to the home state of the artist known for East Coasting? | [
{
"id": 236903,
"question": "East Coasting >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 33897,
"question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the indy car race in the most populated city of the state where the performer of East Coasting is from? |
2hop__58111_7298 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": " music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-popWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts. is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls,",
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"idx": 3,
"title": "Garden Party (The Office)",
"paragraph_text": " unwanted by his family and co-workers, says goodbye to the office staff as they turn the garden party into a barbecue. Darryl and Oscar, however, convince Andy to stay with a cheeseburger and a beer.\"Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) decides to throw a garden party at Schrute Farms to impress his parents and Robert California (James Spader), and exhaustively explains party manners to the office workers. Andy is jealous at the amount of attention his younger brother Walter Bernard, Jr. (Josh Groban) receives from his father, and thinks that by throwing an elaborate party he can ensure his father's blessings. At first, the party goes along smoothly. Andy makes a toast to Robert in order to get his fellow employees to toast him, as if to show to his parents and California that he is valued by his employees. His plan backfires, however, and instead more people toast Robert. To get everybody's mind off of Robert, Andy decides to sing ``More Than Words ''as a duet with his father. This too goes awry as his father corrects his playing and singing, and ultimately decides to sing a duet with Walter Jr. instead of Andy. Upset, Andy takes his guitar and storms off. His father confronts him privately about his outburst, and when Andy admits to trying to win his father's affection, he reacts with annoyance. This conversation is overheard by the other staff on the baby monitor Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) brought for their daughter, and Pam quickly turns off the monitor to let Andy save face. Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) and Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez) confide to the camera that they now understand why Andy feels he needs to prove himself to everyone. After his family leaves, a dejected Andy, feeling unwanted by his family and co-workers, says goodbye to the office staff as they turn the garden party into a barbecue. Darryl and Oscar, however, convince Andy to stay with a cheeseburger and a beer.) receives from his father, and thinks that by throwing an elaborate party he can ensure his father's blessings. At first, the party goes along smoothly. Andy makes a toast to Robert in order to get his fellow employeesAndy Bernard (Ed Helms) decides to throw a garden party at Schrute Farms to impress his parents and Robert California (James Spader), and exhaustively explains party manners to the office workers. Andy is jealous at the amount of attention his younger brother Walter Bernard, Jr. (Josh Groban) receives from his father, and thinks that by throwing an elaborate party he can ensure his father's blessings. At first, the party goes along smoothly. Andy makes a toast to Robert in order to get his fellow employees to toast him, as if to show to his parents and California that he is valued by his employees. His plan backfires, however, and instead more people toast Robert. To get everybody's mind off of Robert, Andy decides to sing ``More Than Words ''as a duet with his father. This too goes awry as his father corrects his playing and singing, and ultimately decides to sing a duet with Walter Jr. instead of Andy. Upset, Andy takes his guitar and storms off. His father confronts him privately about his outburst, and when Andy admits to trying to win his father's affection, he reacts with annoyance. This conversation is overheard by the other staff on the baby monitor Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) brought for their daughter, and Pam quickly turns off the monitor to let Andy save face. Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) and Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez) confide to the camera that they now understand why Andy feels he needs to prove himself to everyone. After his family leaves, a dejected Andy, feeling unwanted by his family and co-workers, says goodbye to the office staff as they turn the garden party into a barbecue. Darryl and Oscar, however, convince Andy to stay with a cheeseburger and a beer.\"Garden Party\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the show's 156th episode overall. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on October 13, 2011. It was written by co-executive producer Justin Spitzer and was directed by David Rogers and marks Mindy Kaling's first credit as executive producer. \"Garden Party\" features guest appearances from Josh Groban, Dee Wallace, and Stephen Collins.\nThe series—presented as if it were a real documentary—depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) throws a garden party at Schrute Farms to impress Robert California (James Spader), with Bernard's parents and brother in attendance. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) works to make it a classy event.\n\"Garden Party\" features a substantial appearance by Josh Groban; Kaling had asked Groban if he could guest star in the series, through Twitter. The episode received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism towards its repetition of plot ideas. According to Nielsen Media Research, \"Garden Party\" drew more than 6 million viewers and received a 3.2 rating/8% share in the 18–49 demographic, staying even with the previous episode, \"Lotto\". It ranked third in its timeslot, and ranked as the highest-rated NBC series on Thursday.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAndy Bernard (Ed Helms) decides to throw a garden party at Schrute Farms to impress his parents and Robert California (James Spader), and exhaustively explains party manners to the office workers. Andy is jealous at the amount of attention his younger brother Walter Bernard, Jr. (Josh Groban) receives from his father, and thinks that by throwing an elaborate party he can ensure his father's blessings. At first, the party goes along smoothly. Andy makes a toast to Robert in order to get his fellow employees to toast him, as if to show to his parents and California that he is valued by his employees. His plan backfires, however, and instead more people toast Robert, and Robert's toast is about the easiness of the manager job. To get everybody's mind off of Robert, Andy decides to sing \"More Than Words\" as a duet with his father. This too goes awry as his father corrects his playing and singing, and ultimately decides to sing a duet with Walter Jr. instead of Andy. Upset, Andy takes his guitar and storms off.\nHis father confronts him privately about his outburst, and when Andy admits to trying to win his father's affection, he reacts with annoyance, harshly telling him that he is simply not proud of Andy's accomplishments, and is annoyed at Andy's attempts to gain his approval. This conversation is overheard by the other staff on the baby monitor Jim (John Krasinski) and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) brought for their daughter, and Pam quickly turns off the monitor to let Andy save face. Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) and Oscar Martinez (Oscar Nunez) confide to the camera that they now understand why Andy feels he needs to prove himself to everyone. After his family leaves, a dejected Andy, feeling unwanted by his family and co-workers, says goodbye to the office staff as they turn the garden party into a barbecue. Darryl and Oscar, however, convince Andy to stay with a cheeseburger and a beer.\nDwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) wants to make the garden party a classy event to expand Schrute Farms' clientele. He thoroughly reads a book called The Ultimate Guide to Throwing A Garden Party that he bought online, actually written by Jim under the pseudonym \"James Trickington\". The book gives outlandish advice such as announcing each guest's name as they arrive in an extremely loud manner, imitating The Last Supper in a tableau vivant in the middle of a meal, dancing with his party staff, and a fire court dance as the closing ceremonies, all of which Dwight follows to the letter.\nPam feuds with co-worker Angela Lipton (Angela Kinsey) over baby names. Pam and Angela learn they've both chosen the name Phillip for their soon-to-be-born sons, with Pam naming her child after her deceased grandfather and Angela after her favorite cat. Angela, annoyed that Pam does not relinquish the name, makes a toast to \"my son Phillip\" at the garden party—only to have Pam make the same toast but describe in great detail how the name honors her grandfather. Angela, unwilling to reveal her feline-centric reasons for the name, simply grouses to the camera that Pam is always copying her.\nThroughout the party, Kelly Kapoor (Mindy Kaling) keeps hinting at how cold she is, hoping Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) will offer his jacket. However, Ryan instantly offers his jacket to Robert, who is not even cold. Gabe Lewis (Zach Woods) also offers his, hinting at a rivalry",
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}
] | Who embarked on their profession in adult contemporary broadcasting with the actor portraying Andy Bernard's sibling on the television show "The Office"? | [
{
"id": 58111,
"question": "who plays andy bernard's brother on the office",
"answer": "Josh Groban",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
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{
"id": 7298,
"question": "Along with #1 , what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?",
"answer": "Michael Bublé",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Michael Bublé | [] | true | Who started his career on adult contemporary radio along with the person who plays andy bernard's brother on the office? |
3hop1__135392_87694_124169 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "St. Peter's Basilica",
"paragraph_text": " was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother churchThe Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome.�pj����tro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the ageing Old St. Peter's Basilica, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine",
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"idx": 4,
"title": "Bremen Cathedral",
"paragraph_text": " sandstone. Only the outer wall of the southern row of chapels shows unhidden bricks. St Peter's is one of the largest historic brick structures in Europe, but it comprises too many stone structures to be subsumed to Brick Gothic. During the great restoration of 1888 to 1901, the western towers and most of the western façade were rebuilt relatively closeBremen Cathedral (), dedicated to St. Peter, is a church situated in the market square in the center of Bremen, in northern Germany. The cathedral belongs to the Bremian Evangelical Church, a member of the Protestant umbrella organization named Evangelical Church in Germany. It is the previous cathedral of the former Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. Since 1973, it is protected by the monument protection act. is protected by the monument protection act.\n\n\n== Periods and materials ==\n \nIn general, Bremen Cathedral is a medieval building. The oldest visible structures are the two crypts. The last parts built in romanesque style and in sandstone were the lower storeys of the western façade and the western towers. Since the late 1220s, vaults and walls were erected in bricks, partly hidden by sheets of sandstone. Only the outer wall of the southern row of chapels shows unhidden bricks. St Peter's is one of the largest historic brick structures in Europe, but it comprises too many stone structures to be subsumed to Brick Gothic. During the great restoration of 1888 to 1901, the western towers and most of the western façade were rebuilt relatively close to previous structures. The crossing tower was a new addition, using the medieval crossing tower of Worms Cathedral as an example. The roofs above the transepts and the northern aisle were redesigned.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early buildings ===\n\nThe first church structure that can be verified on the site of St Peter's Cathedral in Bremen was a timber church on a high point overseeing the Weser River built by Saint Willehad, an early missionary to the Frisians. The church was built about 789 in conjunction with the creation of the Diocese of Bremen, with Willehad as the first bishop. Willehad died the same year.\nJust three years later Saxons attacked and burned Bremen and its tiny timber cathedral. No trace of it remains. The see remained vacant for thirteen years until it was reestablished under Bishop Willerich in 805. St Peter's was built as the cathedral church of local sandstone in several stages by Bishop Willerich.\nAfter the sack of Hamburg by the Danes in 845, Bremen became the seat of the combined Bremen and Hamburg Archdiocese under Archbishop Saint Ansgar who held the see from 848 to his death in 865. He was one of the most prominent missionaries to northern Europe and is credited with the beginnings of the conversion of the Danes and Swedes to Christianity. He was succeeded by Archbishop Rimbert.\nIt is believed that during Ansgar's time the cathedral had a central nave and two side aisles with a choir at each end of the nave, a typical Carolingian church form. There was a cathedral school and cloister.\nEarly in the tenure of Archbishop Ad",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Governor of Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which enteredThe post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.1.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the tenure of the city's Governor, where the basilica (sharing a patron with the Bremen Cathedral and the Catholic Church's leader) is situated, conclude? | [
{
"id": 135392,
"question": "The Bremen Cathedral was named for whom?",
"answer": "Peter",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 87694,
"question": "st. #1 ’s basilica the head of the catholic religion is located in",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 124169,
"question": "On what date did Governor of #2 end?",
"answer": "1952",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | 1952 | [] | true | What date did the Governor of the city where the basilica that is named after the same person as the Bremen Cathedral and the head of the catholic religion is located end? |
2hop__44652_165532 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "How the West Was Won (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Lee J. Cobb, Henry Fonda, Carolyn Jones, Karl Malden, Gregory Peck, George Peppard, Robert Preston, Debbie Reynolds, James Stewart, Eli Wallach, John Wayne and Richard Widmark. The supporting cast features Brigid Bazlen, Walter Brennan, David Brian, Andy Devine, Raymond Massey, Agnes Moorehead, Henry (Harry) Morgan, Thelma Ritter, Mickey Shaughnessy and Russ Tamblyn.\nHow the West Was Won is widely considered one of Hollywood's greatest epics. The film received widespread critical acclaim and was a box office success, grossing $50 million on a budget of $15 million. At the 36th Academy Awards it earned eight nominations, including Best Picture, and won three, for Best Story and Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen, Best Sound and Best Film Editing. In 1997 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n=== The Rivers (1839) ===\n\nZebulon Prescott and his family set out west for the frontier on the Erie Canal. They are pulled through the first section on a barge and then build rafts to continue on the Ohio River. Along the journey, they meet mountain man Linus Rawlings, who is traveling east, to Pittsburgh, to trade his furs. Rawlings and Zebulon's daughter, Eve, are attracted to each other, but he is not ready to settle down.\nRawlings stops at an isolated trading post, advertised as a \"likker\" store near the river. It is actually a front run by a clan of river pirates, headed by \"Alabama Colonel\" Jeb Hawkins. Acting in a seducing fashion, Jeb's daughter Dora Hawkins leads Linus into a cave, stabs him in the back and pushes him into a hole. The pirates then steal his furs and sink his canoe. Wounded, Rawlings follows them. When they are about to rob the Prescott party, Linus interferes. Aided by the Prescotts, he kills all of the pirates.\nThe settlers then continue down the river. When the lead raft is caught in rapids, Zebulon and his wife Rebecca drown. Linus encounters the survivors. Deciding he cannot live without Eve, he asks to marry her and take her to Pittsburgh. However, she insists on homesteading at the spot where her parents died.\n\n\n=== The Plains (1851) ===\n\nEve's sister Lilith chooses to go back East, and years later finds herself touring in St. Louis. While performing at the Music hall, she attracts the attention of professional gambler Cleve Van Valen. She later inherits a California gold mine. Lilith becomes partners with Agatha, an elderly woman desperate for any man. Cleve joins the wagon train taking her there and avoids paying debts in the process. Wagonmaster Roger Morgan and Cleve court her along the way, but she rejects them both.\nSurviving an attack by Cheyennes, Lilith and Cleve arrive at the mine, only to find that it is worked out and worthless. Cleve leaves. Lilith returns to work in a camp town's dance hall, living out of a covered wagon. Morgan finds her and again proposes marriage, to no avail.\nLater, Lilith sings on a riverboat. By chance, Cleve is a passenger. After hearing Lilith's voice, he leaves the poker table (and a winning hand), tells her he does not care that she is poor and proposes to her. He tells her of the business opportunities waiting in San Francisco. She accepts his proposal.\n\n\n=== The Civil War (1861–1865) ===\n\nLinus Rawlings has joined the Union army as a captain in the American Civil War. Despite Eve's wishes, their son Zeb enlists as well, looking for glory and an escape from farming. The bloody Battle of Shiloh shows Zeb that war is nothing like he imagined, and his father dies there. Zeb encounters a disillusioned Confederate who suggests deserting.\nBy chance, they bump into Generals Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. The Confederate realizes he has the opportunity to rid the South of two of its greatest enemies and tries to shoot them, leaving Zeb no choice but to kill him. Afterward, Zeb rejoins the army. Over the course of the war, he earns a battlefield commission.\nWhen the war ends, he returns home as a lieutenant and learns his mother died, having lost the will to live after losing Linus. Zeb renounces his share of the family farm and leaves, wanting a different life.\n\n\n=== The Railroad (1868) ===\n\nIn the late 1860s, two competing railroad lines, the Central Pacific Railroad and the Union Pacific Railroad, open up new territory.\nZeb becomes a lieutenant in the U.S. Cavalry, trying to maintain peace with the Native Americans with the help of buffalo hunter Jethro Stuart, an old friend of Linus'. When railroad man Mike King violates a treaty by building on Native American territory, the Arapahos retaliate by stampeding buffalo through his camp, killing many. Disgusted, Zeb resigns from the Army and leaves town.\n\n\n=== The Outlaws (1889) ===\n\nIn San Francisco, the widowed Lilith auctions off her possessions to pay Cleve's debts. She travels to Arizona, inviting Zeb and his family to oversee her one remaining asset, a ranch.\nZeb (now a marshal), his wife Julie, and their children meet Lilith at Gold City's train station. There, Zeb runs into outlaw Charlie Gant. Zeb had previously killed Gant's brother in a gunfight. When Gant makes threats against Zeb and his family, Zeb turns to his friend, local marshal Lou Ramsey. However, Gant is not wanted for anything in that territory, so Ramsey can do nothing.\nNonetheless, Zeb decides he has to act. Suspecting Gant plans toGeorge Peppard as Zeb Rawlings Andy Devine as Corporal Peterson Harry Morgan as Gen. Ulysses S. Grant John Wayne as Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Russ Tamblyn as Confederate deserter Raymond Massey as President Abraham LincolnGeorge Peppard as Zeb Rawlings Andy Devine as Corporal Peterson Harry Morgan as Gen. Ulysses S. Grant John Wayne as Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Russ Tamblyn as Confederate deserter Raymond Massey as President Abraham Lincoln narrated by Spencer Tracy. Originally filmed in true three-lens Cinerama with the according three-panel panorama projected onto an enormous curved screen, the film features an ensemble cast formed by many cinema icons and newcomers, including (in alphabetical order) Carroll Baker, Lee J. Cobb, Henry Fonda, Carolyn Jones, Karl Malden, Gregory Peck, George Peppard, Robert Preston, Debbie Reynolds, James Stewart, Eli Wallach, John Wayne and Richard Widmark. The supporting cast features Brigid Bazlen, Walter Brennan, David Brian, Andy Devine, Raymond Massey, Agnes Moorehead, Henry (Harry) Morgan, Thelma Ritter, Mickey Shaughnessy and Russ Tamblyn.\nHow the West Was Won is widely considered one of Hollywood's greatest epics. The film received widespread critical acclaim and was a box office success, grossing $50 million on a budget of $15 million. At the 36th Academy Awards it earned eight nominations, including Best Picture, and won three, for Best Story and Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen, Best Sound and Best Film Editing. In 1997 it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n=== The Rivers (1839) ===\n\nZebulon Prescott and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Five Days from Home",
"paragraph_text": " parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition. JustFive Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.Five Days from Home is a 1978 American drama film directed, produced and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nT.M. Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover. Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition. Just days before Christmas, Pryor hits a prison guard, escapes and heads for the Louisiana swamps. Avoiding the tracking teams assisted by dogs, Pryor makes it to the highway where he hitches a farm truck ride to the nearest town. In town he breaks into a sporting goods store where he takes two firearms and ammo, a knife and hunting clothing leaving an IOU noteFive Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner..\n\n\n== Plot ==\nT.M. Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover. Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition. JustFive Days from Home is a 1979 American drama film directed by and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.Five Days from Home is a 1978 American drama film directed, produced and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nT.M. Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover. Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside. His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the partner of the actor who portrayed Zeb in the film How the West was Won? | [
{
"id": 44652,
"question": "who played zeb in how the west was won",
"answer": "George Peppard",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 165532,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Sherry Boucher",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | Sherry Boucher | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the actor who played Zeb in How the West was Won? |
2hop__512773_346751 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "North Hastings High School",
"paragraph_text": " Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings andNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.NNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment in resource-based careers.\n\n\n== See also ==\nEducation in Ontario\nList of secondary schools in Ontario\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial web site\nSchool Profile at the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board web site\nProfile at the Education Quality and Accountability Office (EQAO) web siteNorth Hastings High School (NHHS) is a high school located in Bancroft, Ontario, Canada serving students in the northern portion of Hastings County and part of the Hastings and Prince Edward District School Board. NHHS offers specialized 4-credit courses which allow students to learn principles of resource management and environmental studies, which help them to gain employment",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "York River (Ontario)",
"paragraph_text": " begins in the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park at Yorkend Lake, in geographic Clyde Township in the municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County. It flows west out of the park through geographic Eyre Township and Harburn Township, then loops back east into the southernmost part of the park in geographic Bruton Township. It takes in the left tributary North York River just before Branch Lake, turns southeast, passes over the High Falls, and exits the park into Benoir Lake.\n\nIt continues east into Baptiste Lake where it enters geographic Herschel Township in the municipality of Hastings Highlands, Hastings County. The river leaves the lake south at the lake's southeast tip, controlled by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources-operated Baptiste Lake Dam, enters the town of Bancroft, and passes over the Bancroft Light & Power Generating Station and dam. The river is crossed by Ontario Highway 28 and Ontario Highway 62 in the town centre, then turns east and northeast. It is crossed again by Ontario Highway 28, passes over Egan Chute and Fram Chute at Egan Chutes Provincial Park, and briefly reenters Hastings Highlands at geographic Monteagle Township.\nThe river continues northeast into geographic Carlow Township in the municipality of Carlow/Mayo, passes over the Conroy Rapids and enters the Conroy Marsh, a 24 km2 (9 sq mi) provincially significant wetland. As the river flows through the marsh, it first passes into the municipality of Brudenell, Lyndoch and Raglan, Renfrew County, then takes in the right tributaryThe York River is a river in Renfrew County, Hastings County and Haliburton County in Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and flows from the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park to the Madawaska River.TheThe York River is a river in Renfrew County, Hastings County and Haliburton County in Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin, and flows from the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park to the Madawaska River.The river alternates between fast flowing portions in steep sided gorges to slower movement through post-glacial sand flats. In these are changes in the river course has created ox-bows and abandoned ox-bows that are now ponds and wetlands.\n\n\n== Course ==\nThe river begins in the southern extension of Algonquin Provincial Park at Yorkend Lake, in geographic Clyde Township in the municipality of Dysart et al, Haliburton County",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which county shares a border with the county of Bancroft? | [
{
"id": 512773,
"question": "Bancroft >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Hastings County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 346751,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Haliburton County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Haliburton County | [] | true | Bancroft's county borders what county? |
2hop__14095_15463 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Dell",
"paragraph_text": "Divergence: \n \n \n \n div\n ��\n \n v\n \n =\n ��\n ���\n \n v\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {div} \\mathbf {v} =\\nabla \\cdot \\mathbf {v} }\n \n\nCurl: \n \n \n \n curl\n ��\n \n v\n \n =\n ��\n ×\n \n v\n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\operatorname {curl} \\mathbf {v} =\\nabla \\times \\mathbf {v} }\n \n\n\n== Definition ==\nIn the Cartesian coordinate system \n \n \n \n \n \n R\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\mathbb {R} ^{n}}\n \n with coordinates \n \n \n \n (\n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\\displaystyle (x_{1},\\dots ,x_{n})}\n \n and standard basis \n \n \n \n {\n \n \n e\n \n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n \n e\n \n \n n\n \n \n }\n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\{\\mathbf {e} _{1},\\dots ,\\mathbf {e} _{n}\\}}\n \n, del is a vector operator whose \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n 1\n \n \n ,\n …\n ,\n \n x\n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle x_{1},\\dots ,x_{n}}\n \n components areFrom 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999. Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002, compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco. In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett Packard took the top spot but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s. can be formally defined as a vector operator whose components are the corresponding partial derivative operators. As a vector operator, it can act on scalar and vector fields in three different ways, giving rise to three different differential operations: first, it can act on scalar fields by a formal scalar multiplication—to give a vector field called the gradient; second, it can act on vector fields by a formal dot product—to give a scalar field called the divergence; and lastly, it can act on vector fields by a formal cross product—to give a vector field called the curl. These formal products do not necessarily commute with other operators or products. These three uses, detailed below, are summarized as:\n\nGradient: \n \n \n \n grad\n ��\n f",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Macintosh",
"paragraph_text": " second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline.MacThe Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline. as a professional workstation and not a personal computer. Beginning in 1994 with the Power Macintosh, the Mac transitioned from Motorola 68000 series processors to PowerPC. Despite the significant performance increase, the Mac was not fully competitive with commodity IBM PC compatibles throughout the 1990s.\nThe 1996 acquisition of NeXT returned Steve Jobs to Apple, whose focused product oversight pushed the Mac mainstream with the 1998 iMac G3, the Mac OS X operating system (renamed to macOS in 2016), and the Mac transition to Intel processors from 2005 to 2006. High pixel density Retina displays debuted in the iPhone 4 in 2010 and the MacBook Pro in 2012.The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the Commodore 64 for consumers, as well as the IBM Personal Computer and its accompanying clone market for businesses. Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. In the 1990s, improvements in the rival Wintel platform, notably with the introduction of Windows 3.0, then Windows 95, gradually took market share from the more expensive Macintosh systems. The performance advantage of 68000-based Macintosh systems was eroded by Intel's Pentium, and in 1994 Apple was relegated to third place as Compaq became the top PC manufacturer. Even after a transition to the superior PowerPC-based Power Macintosh (later renamed the PowerMac, in line with the PowerBook series) line in 1994, the falling prices of commodity PC components and the release of Windows 95 saw the Macintosh user base decline.Mac, short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple. The name Macintosh is a reference to a type of apple called McIntosh. The product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro desktops. Macs are sold with the macOS operating system.\nJef Raskin conceived the Macintosh project in 1979, which was usurped and redefined by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs in 1981. The Macintosh was launched in January 1984, after Apple's \"1984\" advertisement during Super Bowl XVIII. The system has a 9-inch monochrome monitor and 3 1/2-inch floppy drive built into the case and shipped with a one-button mouse. A series of incrementally improved models followed, sharing the same integrated case design. Jobs left Apple in 1985.\nIn 1987, the Macintosh II brought color graphics, but priced as a professional workstation and not a personal computer. Beginning in 1994 with the Power Macintosh, the Mac transitioned from Motorola 68000 series processors to PowerPC. Despite the significant performance increase, the Mac was not fully competitive with commodity IBM PC compatibles throughout the 1990s.\nThe 1996 acquisition of NeXT returned Steve Jobs to Apple, whose focused product oversight pushed the Mac mainstream with the 1998 iMac G3, the Mac OS X operating system (renamed to macOS in 2016), and the Mac transition to Intel processors from 2005 to 2006. High pixel density Retina displays debuted in the iPhone 4 in 2010 and the MacBook Pro in 2012. In the 2010s, the Mac was neglected under CEO Tim Cook, especially for professional users, but was reinvigorated with new high-end Macs and the transition to Apple silicon, which had originated in iOS devices.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1979–1996: \"Macintosh\" era ===\n\nIn the late 1970s, the Apple II became one of the most popular computers, especially in education. After IBM introduced the IBM PC in 1981, its sales surpassed the Apple II. In response, Apple introduced the Lisa in 1983. The Lisa's graphical user interface was inspired by strategically licensed demonstrations of the Xerox Star. Lisa surpassed the Star with intuitive direct manipulation, like the ability to drag and drop files, double-click to launch applications, and move or resize windows by clicking and dragging instead of going through a menu. However, hampered by its high price of $9,995 (equivalent to $33,000 in 2023) and lack of available software, the Lisa was commercially unsuccessful.\nParallel to the Lisa's development, a skunkworks team at Apple was working on the Macintosh project. Conceived in 1979 by Jef Raskin, Macintosh was envisioned as an affordable, easy-to-use computer for the masses. Raskin named the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh. The initial team consisted of Raskin, hardware engineer Burrell Smith, and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak. In 1981, Steve Jobs was removed from the Lisa team and joined Macintosh, and was able to gradually take control of the project due to Wozniak's temporary absence after an airplane crash. Under Jobs, the Mac grew to resemble the Lisa, with a mouse and a more intuitive graphical interface, at a quarter of the Lisa's price.\nUpon its January 1984 launch, the first Macintosh was described as \"revolutionary\" by The New York Times. Sales initially met projections, but dropped due to the machine's low performance, single floppy disk drive requiring frequent disk swapping, and initial lack of applications. Author Douglas Adams said: \"But what I (and I think everybody else who bought the machine in the early days) fell in love with was not the machine itself, which was ridiculously slow and underpowered, but a romantic idea of the machine. And that romantic idea had to sustain me through the realities of actually working on the 128K Mac.\" Most of the original Macintosh team left Apple, and some followed Jobs to found NeXT after he was forced out by CEO John Sculley. The first Macintosh nevertheless generated enthusiasm among buyers and some developers, who rushed to develop entirely new programs for the platform, including PageMaker, MORE, and Excel. Apple soon released the Macintosh 512K with improved performance and an external floppy drive. The Macintosh is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface, Jobs's fascination with typography gave it an unprecedented variety of fonts and type styles like italics, bold, shadow, and outline. It is the first WYSIWYG computer, and due in large part to PageMaker and Apple's LaserWriter printer, it ignited the desktop publishing market, turning the Macintosh from an early let-down into a notable success. Levy called desktop publishing the Mac's \"Trojan horse\" in the enterprise market, as colleagues and executives tried these Macs and were seduced into requesting one for themselves. PageMaker creator Paul Brainerd said: \"You would see the pattern. A large corporation would buy PageMaker and a couple of Macs to do the company newsletter. The next year you'd come back and there would be thirty Macintoshes. The year after that, three hundred.\"\nIn late 1985, Bill Atkinson, one of the few remaining employees to have been on the original Macintosh team, proposed that Apple create a Dynabook, Alan Kay's concept for a tablet computer that stores and organizes knowledge. Sculley rebuffed him, so he adapted the idea into a Mac program, HyperCard, whose cards store any information—text, image, audio, video—with the memex-like ability to semantically link cards together. HyperCard was released in 1987 and bundled with every Macintosh.\n\nIn the late 1980s, Jean-Louis Gassée, a Sculley protégé who had succeeded Jobs as head of the Macintosh division, made the Mac more expandable and powerful to appeal to tech enthusiasts and enterprise customers. This strategy led to the successful 1989 release of the Macintosh II, which appealed to power users and gave the lineup momentum. However, Gassée's \"no-compromise\" approach foiled Apple's first laptop, the Macintosh Portable, which has many uncommon power user features, but is almost as heavy as the original Macintosh at twice its price. Soon after its launch, Gassée was fired.\nSince the Mac's debut, Sculley had opposed lowering the company's profit margins, and Macintoshes were priced far above entry-level MS-DOS compatible computers. Steven Levy said that though Macintoshes were superior, the cheapest Mac cost almost twice as much as the cheapest IBM PC compatible. Sculley also resisted licensing the Mac OS to competing hardware vendors, who could have undercut Apple on pricing and jeopardized its hardware sales, as IBM PC compatibles had done to IBM. These early strategic steps caused the Macintosh to lose its chance at becoming the dominant personal computer platform. Though senior management demanded high-margin products, a few employees disobeyed and set out to create a computer that would live up to the original Macintosh's slogan, \"[a] computer for the rest of us\", which the market clamored for. In a pattern typical of Apple's early era, of skunkworks projects like Macintosh and Macintosh II lacking adoption by upper management who were late to realize the projects' merit, this once-renegade project was actually endorsed by senior management following market pressures. In 1990 came the Macintosh LC and the more affordable Macintosh Classic, the first model under $1,000 (equivalent to $2,300 in 2023). Between 1984 and 1989, Apple had sold one million Macs, and another 10 million over the following five years.\n\nIn 1991, the Macintosh Portable was replaced with the smaller and lighter PowerBook 100, the first laptop with a palm rest and trackball in front of the keyboard. The PowerBook brought $1 billion of revenue within one year, and became a status symbol. By then, the Macintosh represented 10% to 15% of the personal computer market. Fearing a decline in market share, Sculley co-founded the AIM alliance with IBM and Motorola to create a new standardized computing platform, which led to the creation of the PowerPC processor architecture, and the Taligent operating system. In 1992, Apple introduced the Macintosh Performa line, which \"grew like ivy\" into a disorienting number of barely differentiated models in an attempt to gain market share. This backfired by confusing customers, but the same strategy soon afflicted the PowerBook line. Michael Spindler continued this approach when he succeeded Sculley as CEO in 1993. He oversaw the Mac's transition from Motorola 68000 series to PowerPC and the release of Apple's first PowerPC machine, the well-received Power Macintosh.\nMany new Macintoshes suffered from inventory and quality control problems. The 1995 PowerBook 5300 was plagued with quality problems, with several",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which corporation joined forces in 2002 with the leading computer manufacturer of 1994? | [
{
"id": 14095,
"question": "Who became the top PC manufacturer in 1994, leaving Apple in 3rd place?",
"answer": "Compaq",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 15463,
"question": "What company did #1 merge with in 2002?",
"answer": "Hewlett Packard",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Hewlett Packard | [
"Hewlett-Packard"
] | true | In 2002, what company merged with the top PC manufacturer from 1994? |
2hop__16844_20510 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain'sAfter the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of \"her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war\", and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state \"should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration\". At her behest, a reference threatening the \"undermining of native religions and customs\" was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom.After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": "ica (Latin for \"British Peace\"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade, and of its oceans, meant that it effectively controlled the economies of, and readily enforced its interests in, many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. It also came to dominate the Middle East. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were formally reclassified as Dominions by the 1920s. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military, economic and colonial tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power.\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige and the British economy helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the handover of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 symbolised for many the end of the British Empire, though fourteen overseas territories that are remnants of the empire remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions, joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Fifteen of these, including the United Kingdom, retain the same person as monarch, currently King Charles III.\n\n\n== Origins (1497–1583) ==\n\nThe foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496, King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead an expedition to discover a northwest passage to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, and made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland. He believed he had reached Asia, and there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but did not return; it is unknown what happened to his ships.\nNo further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were madeAt the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.TheAt the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch. the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America. Britain became a major power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.\nThe American War of Independence resulted in Britain losing some of its oldest and most populous colonies in North America by 1783. While retaining control of British North America (now Canada) and territories in and near the Caribbean in the British West Indies, British colonial expansion turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. It pursued trade concessions in China and Japan, and territory in Southeast Asia. The \"Great Game\" and \"Scramble for Africa\" also ensued. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade, and of its oceans, meant that it effectively controlled the economies of, and readily enforced its interests in, many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. It also came to dominate the Middle East. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were formally reclassified as Dominions by the 1920s. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military, economic and colonial tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power.\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige and the British economy helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the handover of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 symbolised for many the end of the British Empire, though fourteen overseas territories that are remnants of the empire remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions, joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Fifteen of these, including the United Kingdom, retain the same person as monarch, currently King Charles III.\n\n\n== Origins (1497–1583) ==\n\nThe foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496, King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead an expedition to discover a northwest passage to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, and made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland. He believed he had reached Asia, and there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but did not return; it is unknown what happened to his ships.\nNo further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were madeAt the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was the largest empire in history and, for a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 percent of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi), 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the charter granted for the organization that was dissolved following the 1857 Indian Rebellion? | [
{
"id": 16844,
"question": "What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857?",
"answer": "British East India Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 20510,
"question": "When was #1 chartered?",
"answer": "1600",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | 1600 | [] | true | When was the entity that was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857 chartered? |
4hop1__726152_153080_33897_81096 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands MingusCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. PitAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third;",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Tijuana Moods",
"paragraph_text": " nicknames derived from Charles (\"Don't call me Charlie; that's not a man's name, that's a name for a horse\").\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nDownBeat (p. 80) - 4 stars out of 5 -- \"[Tijuana Moods is] the 1957 masterpiece on which Mingus asserts full control over his longformTijuana Moods is an album by Charles Mingus originally recorded in 1957 but not released until June 1962. It was reissued in 1986 on CD as \"New Tijuana Moods\" with four alternate takes. 2-CD expanded versions with further alternate takes were issued by RCA in 2000 and by Columbia in 2010. by Columbia in 2010.\nIn his notes to the 1986 reissue, Ed Michel said that \"[h]ardly anything was recorded as a complete take\" and so both the originally issued takes and the alternate versions had been assembled by editing additional sections into base takes.\nThe name \"Charlie Mingus\" appears on the cover of the original album. Mingus hated all nicknames derived from Charles (\"Don't call me Charlie; that's not a man's name, that's a name for a horse\").\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nDownBeat (p. 80) - 4 stars out of 5 -- \"[Tijuana Moods is] the 1957 masterpiece on which Mingus asserts full control over his longform chops.\"\nDownBeat (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) darkTucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700, about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now known as \"A\" mountain. Hugo Oconór (Hugo O'Conor), the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona, authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (the present downtown Pima County",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who emerged victoriously from the Indy Car Race in the most densely populated city of the state that is home to the artist behind Tijuana Moods? | [
{
"id": 726152,
"question": "Tijuana Moods >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 33897,
"question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy Car Race in the largest populated city of the state where the performer of Tijuana Moods is from? |
2hop__85463_54688 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Yalu River",
"paragraph_text": " Manchu word yalu (������������) means \"the boundary between two countries\". In Mandarin Chinese, yālù phonetically approximates the original Manchu word, but literally means \"duck green\", which was said to have been once the color of the river. The other theory is that the river was named after the combination of its two upper branches, which were called \"���\" (Yā or Ap) and \"���\" (Lù or R(or n)ok)\", respectively.\nRevised Romanization of Korean spelled it Amnokgang (Korean pronunciation: [amnok.k��a��]; \"Amnok River\") and Revised Romanization of Hangeul spelled it Aprokgang (Korean pronunciation: [amnok.k��a��]; \"Aprok River\").\n\n\n== Geography ==\nFrom 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) above sea level on Paektu Mountain on the China–North Korea border, the river flows south to Hyesan before sweeping 130 km (81 mi) north-west to Linjiang and then returning to a more southerly route for a further 300 km (190 mi) to empty into Korea Bay between Dandong (China) and Sinuiju (North Korea). The bordering Chinese provinces are Jilin and Liaoning, while the bordering North Korean provinces are North Pyongan, Chagang and Ryanggang.\nThe river is 795 kilometers (494 mi) long and receives water from over 30,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi).) of land. The Yalu's most significant tributaries are the Changjin (장진��; �����江), the Hochon (�������; �����江), the Togro (��로��; ������江) rivers from Korea and the Ai (or Aihe) (�����) and the Hun (��江) from China. The river is not easily navigable for most of its length. Most of the river freezes during winter and can be crossed on foot.\nThe depth of the Yalu River varies from some of the more shallow parts on the eastern side in Hyesan (1 meter (3 ft 3 in)) to the deeper parts of the river near the Yellow Sea (2.5 meters (8 ft 2 in)). The estuary is the site of the Amrok River estuary Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International.\nAbout 205 islands are on the Yalu. A 1962 border treaty between North Korea and China split the islands according to which ethnic group was living on each island. North Korea possesses 127 and China 78. Due to the division criteria, some islands such as Hwanggumpyong Island belong to North Korea, but abut the Chinese side of the river.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe river basin is the site where the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo rose to power. Many former fortresses are located along the river and the former capital of that kingdom was situated at what is now the medium-sized city of Ji'an along the Yalu, a site rich in Goguryeo-era relics.\nWihwa Island on the river is historically famous as the place where, in 1388, General Yi Songgye (later Taejo of Joseon) decided to turn back his army southward to Kaesong in the first of a series of revolts that eventually led to the establishment of the Joseon dynasty.\nThe river has been the site of several battles because of its strategic location between Korea and China, including:\n\nBattle of the Yalu River (1894) – First Sino-Japanese War\nBattle of Yalu River (1904) – Russo-Japanese War\nBattle near to the Yalu River (1950) – Korean War\nThe southern side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910–1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea.\nDuring the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river, despite repeated warnings by China not to, precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air supremacy over North Korea, earning the nickname \"MiG Alley\" in reference to the MiG-15 fighters flown by the combined NorthThe Korean side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910 -- 1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Imperial Japan's total industrial output originated in Korea. During the Korean War, the movement of United Nations troops approaching the river precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong. In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino -- Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju, North Korea to Dandong, China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became the focal point of a series of dogfights for air superiority over North Korea, earning the nickname ``MiG Alley ''in reference to the MiG - 15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese and Soviet forces. Korean name \"Amnok\" follows the Sino-Korean reading of the same name. In ancient times, the river was known as Peishui (Paesu, ��水) or Mazishui (Majasu, �����水).\nHistor",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities betweenThe resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung. rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests that the civilian portion of the death toll may have gone as high as 70%, compared to Lewy's estimates of 42% in World War II and 30%–46% in the Vietnam War. Data compiled by the Peace Research Institute Oslo lists just under 1 million battle deaths over the course of the Korean War (with a range of 644,696 to 1.5 million) and a mid-value estimate of 3 million total deaths (with a range of 1.5 million to 4.5 million), attributing the difference to excess mortality among civilians from one-sided massacres, starvation, and disease. Compounding this devastation for Korean civilians, virtually all major cities on the Korean Peninsula were destroyed as a result of the war. In both per capita and absolute terms, North Korea was the country most devastated by the war. According to Charles K. Armstrong, the war resulted in the death of an estimated 12%–15% of the North Korean population (c. 10 million), \"a figure close to or surpassing the proportion of Soviet citizens killed in World War II\".\n\nThere were numerous atrocities and massacres of civilians throughout the Korean War committed by both sides, starting in the war's first days. In 2005–2010, a South Korean Truth and Reconciliation Commission investigated atrocities and other human rights violations through much of the 20th century, from the Japanese colonial period through the Korean War and beyond. It excavated some mass graves from the Bodo League massacres and confirmed the general outlines of those political executions. Of the Korean War-era massacres the commission was petitioned to investigate, 82% were perpetrated by South Korean forces, with 18% perpetrated by North Korean forces.\nThe commission also received petitions alleging more than 200 large-scale killings of South Korean civilians by the U.S. military during the war, mostly air attacks. It confirmed several such cases, including refugees crowded into a cave attacked with napalm bombs, which survivors said killed 360 people, and an air attack that killed 197 refugees gathered in a field in the far south. It recommended South Korea seek reparations from the United States, but in 2010, a reorganized commission under a new, conservative government concluded that most U.S. mass killings resulted from \"military necessity\", while in a small number of cases, they concluded, the U.S. military had acted with \"low levels of unlawfulness\", but the commission recommended against seeking reparations.\n\n\n== Abuse of prisoners of war ==\n\n\n=== Chinese POWs ===\n\nChinese sources claim at Geoje prison camp on Geoje Island, Chinese POWs experienced anti-communist lecturing and missionary work from secret agents from the U.S. and Taiwan. Pro-communist POWs experienced torture, cutting off of limbs, or were executed in public. Being forced to write confession letters and receiving tattoos of an anti-communism slogan and Flag of the Republic of China were also commonly seen, in case any wanted to go back to mainland China. Pro-communist POWs who could not endure the torture formed an underground group to fight the pro-nationalist POWs secretly by assassination, which led to the Geoje uprising. The rebellion captured Francis Dodd, and was suppressed by the 187th Infantry Regiment.\nIn the end, 14,235 Chinese POWs went to Taiwan and fewer than 6,000 POWs returned to mainland China. Those who went to Taiwan are called \"righteous men\" and experienced brainwashing again and were sent to the army or were arrested; while the survivors who returned to mainland China were welcomed as a \"hero\" first, but experienced anti-brainwashing, strict interrogation, and house arrest eventually, after the tattoos were discovered. After 1988, the Taiwanese government allowed POWs to go back to mainland China and helped remove anti-communist tattoos; while the mainland Chinese government started to allow mainland Chinese prisoners of war to return from Taiwan.\n\n\n=== UN Command POWs ===\nThe United States reported that North Korea mistreated prisoners of war: soldiers were beaten, tortured, starved, put to forced labor, marched to death, and summarily executed.\nThe KPA killed POWs at the battles for Hill 312, Hill 303, the Pusan Perimeter, Daejeon and Sunchon; these massacres were discovered afterwards by the UN forces. Later, a U.S. Congress war crimes investigation, the United States Senate Subcommittee on Korean War Atrocities of the Permanent Subcommittee of the Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, reported that \"two-thirds of all American prisoners of war in Korea died as a result of war crimes\".\nAlthough the Chinese rarely executed prisoners of war like their North Korean counterparts, mass starvation and diseases swept through the Chinese-run POW camps during the winter of 1950–51. About 43% of U.S. POWs died during this period. The Chinese defended their actions by stating that all Chinese soldiers during this period were suffering mass starvation and diseases because of logistical difficulties. The UN POWs said that most of the Chinese camps were located near the easily supplied Sino-Korean border and that the Chinese withheld food to force the prisoners to accept the communism indoctrination programs. According to Chinese reports, over a thousand U.S. POWs died by the end of June 1951, while a dozen British POWs died, and all Turkish POWs survived. According to Hastings, wounded U.S. POWs died for lack of medical attention and were fed a diet of corn and millet \"devoid of vegetables, almost barren of proteins, minerals, or vitamins\" with only 1/3 the calories of their usual diet. Especially in early 1951, thousands of prisoners lost the will to live and \"declined to eat the mess of sorghum and rice they were provided\".\n\nThe unpreparedness of U.S. POWs to resist heavy communist indoctrination during the Korean War led to the Code of the United States Fighting Force which govern",
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}
] | During the clash when UN soldiers neared the Yalu River, what was the form of government in North Korea? | [
{
"id": 85463,
"question": "when did un troops approach the yalu river",
"answer": "During the Korean War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 54688,
"question": "what type of government did north korea have during #1",
"answer": "a communist government",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | a communist government | [] | true | What type of government did North Korea have during the conflict when UN troops approached the Yalu River? |
2hop__731228_609866 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Julia's House",
"paragraph_text": ", who was the local councillor of Julia Perks. Wise helped the hospice to raise £15,000 in 2008.\nThe charity began in 2003, when Julia's House appointed two children's community nurses, who started working in home care for terminally ill children. Julia's House began with its main effort on providing care in the families' own homes.\nBefore being converted into a hospice, Julia's House was once a family home. In March 2006, it became a hospice that is an area for children to play and relax during the day. It also provides an occasional overnight service for 3 children and home care for 50 children. The chief executive of the hospice is Martin Edwards.\nIn 2023, James McVey from The Vamps joined local musicians in recording a new version of Silent Night recorded in aid of the Julia's House Christmas Appeal.\n\n\n== Shirt controversy ==\nIn July 2008, Julia's House replaced Park Engineering as the logo on Weymouth F.C.'s shirts. This deal was made to raise the profile of both the charity and the football club. It was a free sponsorship deal. However, a number of people became concerned that Julia's House was paying Weymouth F.C. for the shirt deal so that the charity could have more publicity. When the charity began losing fundraising money due to this controversy, it denied these beliefs, and Mike Bartlett, the development director at Julia's House, issued the following statement:\n\n[...] The charity is extremely cautious with expenditure and does not pay for any advertising or sponsorship. I would like to categorically state that Julia's House has not paid a penny to Weymouth FC.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteJulia's House is a children's hospice located in Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England and Devizes, Wiltshire. It is a hospice for children with life-limiting, life-threatening or terminal conditions. The majority of the children who are cared for by Julia's House are unlikely to live beyond the age of 18. The hospice costs £1.9 million to be maintained. Only 3% of this cost is provided by the government.\n\n\n== History ==\nJulia's House is named after Julia Perks, a paediatric nurse who died from cancer in 1997. Julia highlighted the need for facilities and services for children with life-limiting and life-threatening illnesses in the Dorset area. She particularly wanted to raise awareness of the need for more respite for the families of these childrenJulia's House is a children's hospice located in Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England. It is a hospice in Dorset for children with life-limiting conditions. The majority of the children who are cared for by Julia's House are unlikely to live beyond the age of 18. The hospice costs £1.9 million to be maintained. Only 3% of this cost is provided by the government.JJulia's House is a children's hospice located in Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England. It is a hospice in Dorset for children with life-limiting conditions. The majority of the children who are cared for by Julia's House are unlikely to live beyond the age of 18. The hospice costs £1.9 million to be maintained. Only 3% of this cost is provided by the government. of this cost is provided by the government.\n\n\n== History ==\nJulia's House is named after Julia Perks, a paediatric nurse who died from cancer in 1997. Julia highlighted the need for facilities and services for children with life-limiting and life-threatening illnesses in the Dorset area. She particularly wanted to raise awareness of the need for more respite for the families of these children. Julia's House was founded by Michael Wise, who was the local councillor of Julia Perks. Wise helped the hospice to raise £15,000 in 2008.\nThe charity began in 2003, when Julia's House appointed two children's community nurses, who started working in home care for terminally ill children. Julia's House began with its main effort on providing care in the families' own homes.\nBefore being converted into a hospice, Julia's House was once a family home. In March 2006, it became a hospice that is an area for children to play and relax during the day. It also provides an occasional overnight service for 3 children and home care for 50 children. The chief executive of the hospice is Martin Edwards.\nIn 2023, James McVey from The Vamps joined local musicians in recording a new version of Silent Night recorded in aid of the Julia's House Christmas Appeal",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Corfe Mullen",
"paragraph_text": ". It lies within the Dorset Heaths.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early nomadic tribes and settlers ===\nThe first evidence of people living in the area consists mainly of a number of flint axeheads that have been found within the village and which date from the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic (Old and Middle Stone Ages). Around 3000 BC, the first real settlers came, cleared the forests and began to farm, although even they were largely nomadic. Later settlers, during the Bronze Age, built burial mounds or barrows, examples of which may be found to the east of the village at Barrow Hill and at Naked Cross at the southern end of the village. These forms of occupation continued into the Iron Age; evidence of pottery manufactured around the 1st century BC may be found at East End.Corfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation and is part of the rural district of East Dorset. The village has a population of 10,133 (2011) and is served by six churches, five pubs, five schools, a library, various shops and local businesses, a village hall, and many community and sports organisations. There are three electoral wards within the village (Central,North and South).CorCorfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation and is part of the rural district of East Dorset. The village has a population of 10,133 (2011) and is served by six churches, five pubs, five schools, a library, various shops and local businesses, a village hall, and many community and sports organisations. There are three electoral wards within the village (Central,North and South). potential financial benefits. In all other aspects Corfe Mullen is still very much a village, albeit a large one.\nThe name Corfe Mullen is derived from corf (the Old English for a cutting or pass) and molin (the Old French for a mill). The mill referred to is the old water mill on the River Stour, mentioned in the Domesday Book, where the village originally stood.\nDespite the proximity of the urban area, Corfe Mullen is surrounded by Green Belt. It lies within the Dorset Heaths.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early nomadic tribes and settlers ===\nThe first evidence of people living in the area consists mainly of a number of flint axeheads that have been found within the village and which date from the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic (Old and Middle Stone Ages). Around 3000 BC, the first real settlers came, cleared the forests and began to farm, although even they were largely nomadic. Later settlers, during the Bronze Age, built burial mounds or barrows, examples of which may be found to the east of the village at Barrow Hill and at Naked Cross at the southern end of the village. These forms of occupation continued into the Iron Age; evidence of pottery manufactured around the 1st century BC may be found at East End.Corfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation and is part of the rural district of East Dorset. The village has a population of 10,133 (2011) and is served by six churches, five pubs, five schools, a library, various shops and local businesses, a village hall, and many community and sports organisations. There are three electoral wards within the village (Central,North and South).Corfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation. The community had a population of 10,133 at the 2011 Census. It is served by six churches, four pubs, five schools, a library, various",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which district can the headquarters of Julia's House be found? | [
{
"id": 731228,
"question": "Julia's House >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Corfe Mullen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 609866,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "East Dorset",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | East Dorset | [] | true | What district is the headquarter of Julia's House located? |
4hop1__151650_5274_458768_33637 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Desde El Principio",
"paragraph_text": "\"Desde El Principio\" also came to be the duo's final album for the Sony Music Entertainment label, a company they after a series of mergers in various forms had been signed to for some fifteen years (CBS Records Spain, Epic Records Spain, CBS-Epic Spain, eventually a sublabel to Sony Music Spain, today a subsidiary to the multinational Sony BMG Music Entertainment conglomerate). In 2006 Azúcar Moreno returned to their previous label EMI Music for the album \"Bailando Con Lola\". 2000s most notably the young Spanish rumba-rock duo Estopa to great success. Productionwise Desde El Principio marked a return to Azúcar Moreno's winning formula of the early 90s in that it mixed mainstream Latin",
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"idx": 2,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul RecordsThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": "anga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was namedAround the start of the 20th century, a growing population of Asian Americans lived in or near Santa Monica and Venice. A Japanese fishing village was located near the Long Wharf while small numbers of Chinese lived or worked in both Santa Monica and Venice. The two ethnic minorities were often viewed differently by White Americans who were often well-disposed towards the Japanese but condescending towards the Chinese. The Japanese village fishermen were an integral economic part of the Santa Monica Bay community. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and the Hotel Casa del Mar.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Indigenous ===\nThe Tongva are Indigenous to the Santa Monica area. The village of Comicranga was established in the Santa Monica area. One of the village's notable residents was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.SSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (��式会社��ニー・��ュージックエンタテインメント, Kabushiki gaisha Sonī Myūjikku Entateinmento), often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short (stylized as SonyMusic), is a Japanese music arm for Sony. Founded in 1968 as CBS/Sony, SMEJ is directly owned by Sony Group Corporation and is operating independently from the United States-based Sony Music Entertainment due to its strength in the Japanese music industry. Its subsidiaries include the Japanese animation production enterprise, Aniplex, which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the city, where the headquarters of the group larger than Desde El Principio's record label is based, how many ethnic minorities were perceived differently? | [
{
"id": 151650,
"question": "What was the record label of Desde El Principio?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 33637,
"question": "How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in #3 ?",
"answer": "two",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | two | [] | true | How many ethnic minorities were looked at differently in the city where the headquarters of the only group larger than Desde El Principio's record label is located? |
2hop__753715_51329 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Broadway's Like That",
"paragraph_text": " wife of the man she had planned to marry.\n\n\n== Production ==\nBroadway's Like That (Vitaphone No. 960) was filmed in New York and released in December 1929. Ruth Etting stars with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Phillips. Etting's songs include \"From the Bottom of My Heart\" and \"Right Kind of Man\", by L. Wolfe Gilbert and Abel Baer.:��50��\n\n\n== Film preservation ==\nThe Vitaphone disc soundtrack for this film is lost, only a sound print of the film survives, which was re-discovered by television syndication in 1963.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBroadway's Like That at IMDBBroadway's Like That (1929) is a 10-minute Vitaphone short film starring Ruth Etting, with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Philips. Bogart and Philips were married at the time of this film.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nA girl who works in a music store is to be married that evening, but her fiancé tells her their marriage must be postponed. As she is dressing for a New Year's Eve party she is interrupted by a visitor — the wife of the man she had planned to marry.\n\n\n== Production ==\nBroadway's Like That (Vitaphone No. 960) was filmed in New York and released in December 1929. Ruth Etting stars with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Phillips. Etting's songs include \"From the Bottom of My Heart\" and \"Right Kind of Man\", by L. Wolfe Gilbert and Abel Baer.:��50��\n\n\n== Film preservation ==\nThe Vitaphone disc soundtrack for this film is lost, only a sound print of the film survives, which was re-discovered by television syndication in 1963.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBroadway's Like That at IMDBBroadway's Like That (1929) is a 10-minute Vitaphone short film starring Ruth Etting, with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Philips. Bogart and Philips were married at the time of this film.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nA girl who works in a music store is to be married that evening, but her fiancé tells her their marriage must be postponed. As she is dressing for a New Year's Eve party she is interrupted by a visitor — the wife of the man she had planned to marry.\n\n\n== Production ==\nBroadway's Like That (Vitaphone No. 960) was filmed in New York and released in December 1929. Ruth Etting stars with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Phillips. Etting's songs include \"From the Bottom of My Heart\" and \"Right Kind of Man\", by L. Wolfe Gilbert and Abel Baer.:��50��\n\n\n== Film preservation ==\nThe Vitaphone disc soundtrack for this film is lost, only a sound print of the film survives, which was re-discovered by television syndication in 1963.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBroadway's Like That at IMDBBroadway's Like That (1929) is a 10-minute Vitaphone short film starring Ruth Etting, with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Philips. Bogart and Philips were married at the time of this film.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nA girl who works in a music store is to be married that evening, but her fiancé tells her their marriage must be postponed. As she is dressing for a New Year's Eve party she is interrupted by a visitor — the wife of the man she had planned to marry.\n\n\n== Production ==\nBroadway's Like That (Vitaphone No. 960) was filmed in New York and released in December 1929. Ruth Etting stars with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Phillips. Etting's songs include \"From the Bottom of My Heart\" and \"Right Kind of Man\", by L. Wolfe Gilbert and Abel Baer.:��50��\n\n\n== Film preservation ==\nThe Vitaphone disc soundtrack for this film is lost, only a sound print of the film survives, which was re-discovered by television syndication in 1963.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBroadway's Like That at IMDBBroadway's Like That (1929) is a 10-minute Vitaphone short film starring Ruth Etting, with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Philips. Bogart and Philips were married at the time of this film.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nA girl who works in a music store is to be married that evening, but her fiancé tells her their marriage must be postponed. As she is dressing for a New Year's Eve party she is interrupted by a visitor — the wife of the man she had planned to marry.\n\n\n== Production ==\nBroadway's Like That (Vitaphone No.Broadway's Like That (1929) is a 10-minute Vitaphone short film starring Ruth Etting, with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Philips. Bogart and Philips were married at the time of this film.Broadway's Like That (1929Broadway's Like That (1929) is a 10-minute Vitaphone short film starring Ruth Etting, with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Philips. Bogart and Philips were married at the time of this film.== Plot summary ==\nA girl who works in a music store is to be married that evening, but her fiancé tells her their marriage must be postponed. As she is dressing for a New Year's Eve party she is interrupted by a visitor — the wife of the man she had planned to marry.\n\n\n== Production ==\nBroadway's Like That (Vitaphone No. 960) was filmed in New York and released in December 1929. Ruth Etting stars with Joan Blondell, Humphrey Bogart and Mary Phillips. Etting's songs include \"From the Bottom of My Heart\" and \"Right Kind of Man\", by L. Wolfe Gilbert and Abel Baer.:��50��\n\n\n== Film preservation ==\nThe Vitaphone disc soundtrack for this film is lost, only a sound print of the film survives, which was re-dis",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Humphrey Bogart",
"paragraph_text": " (1936). Bogart also received positive reviews for his performance as gangster Hugh \"Baby Face\" Martin, in Dead End (1937), directed by William Wyler.\nHis breakthrough cameDuring a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen).Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( BOH-gart; December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), colloquially nicknamed Bogie, was an American actor. His performances in classic Hollywood cinema films made him an American cultural icon. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected BogartDuring a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen). Bogart as the greatest male star of classic American cinema.\nBogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Dancing Town (1928), he appeared in supporting roles for more than a decade, regularly portraying gangsters. He was praised for his work as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936). Bogart also received positive reviews for his performance as gangster Hugh \"Baby Face\" Martin, in Dead End (1937), directed by William Wyler.\nHis breakthrough cameDuring a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen).Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( BOH-gart; December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), colloquially nicknamed Bogie, was an American actor. His performances in classic Hollywood cinema films made him an American cultural icon. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Bogart as the greatest male star of classic American cinema.\nBogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Dancing Town (1928), he appeared in supporting roles for more than a decade, regularly portraying gangsters. He was praised for his work as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest (1936). Bogart also received positive reviews for his performance as gangster Hugh \"Baby Face\" Martin, in Dead End (1937), directed by William Wyler.\nHis breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted to stardom as the lead in John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of the first great noir films. Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Philip Marlowe (in 1946's The Big Sleep), became the models for detectives in other noir films. In 1947, he played a war hero in another \"noir\" film, Dead Reckoning, tangled in a dangerous web of brutality and violence as he investigates his friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Scott. His first romantic lead role was a memorable one, as Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman in Casablanca (1942), which earned him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Blaine was ranked as the fourth greatest hero of American cinema by the American Film Institute and his and Ingrid Bergman's character's relationship the greatest love story in American cinema, also by the American Film Institute. Raymond Chandler, in a 1946 letter, wrote that \"Like Edward G. Robinson when he was younger, all he has to do to dominate a scene is to enter it.\"\nForty-four-year-old Bogart and nineteen-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during the filming of To Have and Have Not (1944). In 1945, a few months after principal photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, he divorced his third wife and married Bacall. After their marriage, they played each other's love interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later said, \"There was something that made him able to be a man of his own and it showed through his work. There was also a purity, which is amazing considering the parts he played. Something solid too. I think as time goes by we all believe less and less. Here was someone who believed in something.\"\nBogart's performances in Huston's The",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which film allowed Mary Philips' husband to secure his sole Oscar award? | [
{
"id": 753715,
"question": "Mary Philips >> spouse",
"answer": "Humphrey Bogart",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 51329,
"question": "with what movie did #1 win his only oscar",
"answer": "The African Queen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | The African Queen | [] | true | with what movie did Mary Philips' husband win his only oscar? |
4hop1__37608_32392_823060_610794 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.76.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years.Forest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "WWNQ",
"paragraph_text": "inese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.\n\n\n== Description ==\nChinese era names were titles adopted for the purpose of identifying and numbering years in Imperial China. Era names originated as mottos or slogans chosen by the reigning monarch and usually reflected the political, economic and/or social landscapes at the time. For instance, the first era name proclaimed by the Emperor Wu of Han, JianyWWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.Chinese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writingAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers. unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adoptedAs many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play \"Porgy\" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Separation of church and state in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should \"make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,\" thus building a wall of separation between Church & State. Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties.\"\nJefferson reflects other thinkers, including Roger Williams, a Baptist Dissenter and founder of Providence, Rhode Island. He wrote:\n\nWhen they [the Church] have opened a gap in the hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world, God hath ever broke down the wall itself, removed the Candlestick, etc., and made His Garden a wilderness as it is this day. And that therefore if He will ever please to restore His garden and paradise again, it must of necessity be walled in peculiarly unto Himself from the world, and all that be saved out of the world are to be transplanted out of the wilderness of the World.\nIn keeping with the lackOthers, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions. However, the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment.\"Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions. However, the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment. of this amendment, which allows freedom of religion. It is generally traced to a January 1, 1802, letter by Jefferson, addressed to the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper.\nJefferson wrote:\n\nBelieving with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should \"make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,\" thus building a wall of separation between Church & State. Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties.\"\nJefferson reflects other thinkers, including Roger Williams, a Baptist Dissenter and founder of Providence, Rhode Island. He wrote:\n\nWhen they [the Church] have opened a gap in the hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world, God hath ever broke down the wall itself, removed the Candlestick, etc., and made His Garden a wilderness as it is this day. And that therefore if He will ever please to restore His garden and paradise again, it must of necessity be walled",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | From which county is the location that borders the city that evolved into the state capital where Representative Thomas Tucker originated? | [
{
"id": 37608,
"question": "Where was Representative Thomas Tucker from?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 32392,
"question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 823060,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Forest Acres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 610794,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Richland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Richland County | [
"Richland County, South Carolina"
] | true | Which county has the location that shares a border with the city that became the state capital of where Representative Thomas Tucker was from? |
2hop__96096_78606 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Grown Ups (film)",
"paragraph_text": " 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann).In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, L",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Real Rob",
"paragraph_text": " and Patricia.\n\n\n=== Co-Starring ===\nMax Amini as Stalker, a guy who watches Rob's every move.\nAndrei Aldochine as Udo, a male stripper whom Patricia hires as their nanny.\nAdam Korson as Andy, Rob's agent.\n\n\n=== Also Starring ===\nKym Jackson as Margaret, Jamie's girlfriend who works at a marijuana store.\nKeith Stubbs as Rob's Accountant.\nThe series guest stars David Spade, Norm Macdonald, Adam Sandler, Michael Madsen, Danny Trejo, and George Lopez.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\nEpisodes were directed by Rob Schneider and written by Rob Schneider, Patricia Schneider and Jamie Lissow.\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2017) ===\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\"Real Rob\" was met with a largely negative response from critics. The show held a score of 36 on Metacritic based on 5 critic reviews, and a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 critic reviews.\nOn February 20, 2016, Internet personality Arin Hanson voiced his frustrations regarding Real Rob on his daily Let's Play webseries Game Grumps. Hanson felt the show's main issue was that Schneider's character was both unlikable and unrelatable, going as far as to say that \"it's a show with no demographic.\" While Hanson's overall feelings toward the show were negative, he stated that he felt compelled to keep watching and also praised the performance of Patricia Schneider, citing her as a legitimately funny presence. Schneider eventually saw Hanson's rant and later appeared as a special guest on the show, along with Patricia, on May 16, 2016.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nReal Rob on Netflix\nReal Rob at IMDbReal Rob (stylized onscreen as RE���L ROB) is an American television sitcom created by Rob Schneider. It premiered on December 1, 2015, on Netflix, and follows the everyday life of Schneider, including his real-life wife Patricia and daughter Miranda. On July 27, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on September 29, 2017.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n=== Main ===\nRob Schneider as himself\nPatricia Schneider as herself, Rob's wife who is of Mexican descent and younger than he is.\nJamie Lissow as himself, Rob's incompetent assistant.\nMiranda Scarlett Schneider as herself, introduced in the series as the 11-month-old daughter of Rob and Patricia.\n\n\n=== Co-Starring ===\nMax Amini as Stalker, a guy who watches Rob's every move.\nAndrei Aldochine as Udo, a male stripper whom Patricia hires as their nanny.\nAdam Korson as Andy, Rob's agent.\n\n\n=== Also Starring ===\nKym Jackson as Margaret, Jamie's girlfriend who works at a marijuana store.\nKeith Stubbs as Rob's Accountant.\nThe series guest stars David Spade, Norm Macdonald, Adam Sandler, Michael Madsen, Danny Trejo, and George Lopez.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\nEpisodes were directed by Rob Schneider and written by Rob Schneider, Patricia Schneider and Jamie Lissow.\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2017) ===\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\"Real Rob\" was met with a largely negative response from critics. The show held a score of 36 on Metacritic based on 5 critic reviews, and a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 critic reviews.\nOn February 20, 2016, Internet personality Arin Hanson voiced his frustrations regarding Real Rob on his daily Let's Play webseries Game Grumps. Hanson felt the show's main issue was that Schneider's character was bothReal Rob is an American sitcom created by Rob Schneider. The series premiered on December 1, 2015, on Netflix. The series follows the everyday life of Rob, including his real-life wife Patricia and daughter Miranda. On July 27, 2016, the series was renewed by Netflix for a second season, which premiered on September 29, 2017.Real Rob (Real Rob is an American sitcom created by Rob Schneider. The series premiered on December 1, 2015, on Netflix. The series follows the everyday life of Rob, including his real-life wife Patricia and daughter Miranda. On July 27, 2016, the series was renewed by Netflix for a second season, which premiered on September 29, 2017. which premiered on September 29, 2017.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n=== Main ===\nRob Schneider as himself\nPatricia Schneider as herself, Rob's wife who is of Mexican descent and younger than he is.\nJamie Lissow as himself, Rob's incompetent assistant.\nMiranda Scarlett Schneider as herself, introduced in the series as the 11-month-old daughter of Rob and Patricia.\n\n\n=== Co-Starring ===\nMax Amini as Stalker, a guy who watches Rob's every move.\nAndrei Aldochine as Udo, a male stripper whom Patricia hires as their nanny.\nAdam Korson as Andy, Rob's agent.\n\n\n=== Also Starring ===\nKym Jackson as Margaret, Jamie's girlfriend who works at a marijuana store.\nKeith Stubbs as Rob's Accountant.\nThe series guest stars David Spade, Norm Macdonald, Adam Sandler, Michael Madsen, Danny Trejo, and George Lopez.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\nEpisodes were directed by Rob Schneider and written by Rob Schneider, Patricia Schneider and Jamie Lissow.\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2017) ===\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\"Real Rob\" was met with a largely negative response from critics. The show held a score of 36 on Metacritic based on 5 critic reviews, and a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 8 critic reviews.\nOn February 20, 2016, Internet personality Arin Hanson voiced his frustrations regarding Real Rob on his daily Let's Play webseries Game Grumps. Hanson felt the show's main issue was that Schneider's character was both unlikable and unrelatable, going as far as to say that \"it's a show with no demographic.\" While Hanson's overall feelings toward the show were negative, he stated that he felt compelled to keep watching and also praised the performance of Patricia Schneider, citing her as a legitimately funny presence. Schneider eventually saw Hanson's rant and later appeared as a special guest on the show, along with Patricia, on May 16, 2016.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nReal Rob on Netflix\nReal Rob at IMDbReal Rob (stylized onscreen as RE���L ROB) is an American television sitcom created by Rob Schneider. It premiered on December 1, 2015, on Netflix, and follows the everyday life of Schneider, including his real-life wife Patricia and daughter Miranda. On July 27, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on September 29, 2017.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n=== Main ===\nRob Schneider as himself\nPatricia Schneider as herself, Rob's wife who is of Mexican descent and younger than he is.\nJamie Lissow as himself, Rob's incompetent assistant.\nMiranda Scarlett Schneider as herself, introduced in the series as the 11-month-old daughter of Rob and Patricia.\n\n\n=== Co-Starring",
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] | In the movie Grown Ups, who is the actress that portrays the spouse of the Real Rob cast member? | [
{
"id": 96096,
"question": "Who is in Real Rob as a cast member?",
"answer": "Rob Schneider",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
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{
"id": 78606,
"question": "who plays #1 wife in grown ups",
"answer": "Joyce Van Patten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Joyce Van Patten | [] | true | Who plays the wife of the Real Rob cast member in Grown Ups? |
2hop__51760_122023 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman",
"paragraph_text": " with his longtime producing partner Jason Clark. It is the firstIn addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn). There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin, Mahatma Gandhi, William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Vincent van Gogh, the Wright Brothers, Jackie Robinson and baby Moses.MIn addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn). There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin, Mahatma Gandhi, William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Vincent van Gogh, the Wright Brothers, Jackie Robinson and baby Moses. Ariel Winter, Stephen Colbert, Leslie Mann, and Allison Janney. In the film, Mr. Peabody (Burrell) and his adoptive human son Sherman (Charles) use the WABAC to embark on time travel adventures. When Sherman accidentally rips a hole by taking the WABAC without permission to impress Penny Peterson (Winter), they must find themselves to repair history and save the future.\nThe film was originally planned as a live-action/CG film until it was redeveloped into a fully computer-animated film in 2006 when Minkoff joined DreamWorks Animation to direct an adaptation. Andrew Kurtzman was set to write the screenplay, based on the pitch, developed by Minkoff with his longtime producing partner Jason Clark. It is the firstIn addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn). There are also cameos with no",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Albert Einstein",
"paragraph_text": " moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg) the following year. In 1897, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss federal polytechnic school in Zürich, graduating in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life. In 1903, he secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he submitted a successful PhD dissertation to the University of Zurich. In 1914, he moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1917, he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time as a subject of the Kingdom of PrThe Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium (now known as the Albert Einstein Gymnasium), where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later.AlThe Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium (now known as the Albert Einstein Gymnasium), where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later. contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been called \"the world's most famous equation\". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. \nBorn in the German Empire, Einstein moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg) the following year. In 1897, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss federal polytechnic school in Zürich, graduating in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life. In 1903, he secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he submitted a successful PhD dissertation to the University of Zurich. In 1914, he moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1917, he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time as a subject of the Kingdom of PrThe Einsteins were non-observant Ashkenazi Jews, and Albert attended a Catholic elementary school in Munich, from the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium (now known as the Albert Einstein Gymnasium), where he received advanced primary and secondary school education until he left the German Empire seven years later.Albert Einstein ( EYEN-styne; German: [��alb����t ����a��n��ta��n] ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been called \"the world's most famous equation\". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics \"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. \nBorn in the German Empire, Einstein moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his German citizenship (as a subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg) the following year. In 1897, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss federal polytechnic school in Zürich, graduating in 1900. In 1901, he acquired Swiss citizenship, which he kept for the rest of his life. In 1903, he secured a permanent position at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. In 1905, he submitted a successful PhD dissertation to the University of Zurich. In 1914, he moved to Berlin in order to join the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1917, he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics; he also became a German citizen again, this time as a subject of the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. Horrified by the Nazi war of extermination against his fellow Jews, Einstein decided to remain in the US, and was granted American citizenship in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential German nuclear weapons program and recommended that the US begin similar research. Einstein supported the Allies but generally viewed the idea of nuclear weapons with great dismay.\nEinstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. In 1905, he published four groundbreaking papers, sometimes described as his annus mirabilis (miracle year). These papers outlined a theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced his special theory of relativity—a theory which addressed the inability of classical",
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] | What university did the character portrayed by Mel Brooks in Mr. Peabody and Sherman attend? | [
{
"id": 51760,
"question": "who did mel brooks play in mr peabody and sherman",
"answer": "Albert Einstein",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
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{
"id": 122023,
"question": "What is the name of university that educated #1 ?",
"answer": "Luitpold Gymnasium",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | Luitpold Gymnasium | [] | true | What is the name of the university that educated the character that Mel Brooks plays in Mr. Peabody and Sherman? |
2hop__253612_110882 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "James Cottriall",
"paragraph_text": " to study for one year abroad in a German-speaking country. He chose to study at the University of Vienna in Austria. Following encouragement from fellow students and friends, he began to give performances of his songs in cafés and bars around Vienna, playing a combination of covers together with his own, newly composed songs. He was also a regular and notorious busker on the Kärntnerstraße, in Vienna's town centre. Following a measure of success, when his one year of study was completed, Cottriall chose to remain in Vienna to actively promote his music. On 29 December 2016 his first child, Lily Joy Cottriall was born in Los Angeles. After divorcing his ex- wife in California in 2018 James moved back to Vienna and became engaged to long-term girlfriend Jessica Garrison in 2021.\n\n\n=== 2010: Sincerely Me ===\nCottriall released his single, \"Unbreakable\", in Austria on 9 April 2010. It received generous airplay from almost every local and national Austrian radio station. It reached number 1 in the Ö3 Hörercharts (Most Requested by listeners charts for Austria) and remained in the Top 40 Charts for 20 weeks. The song was included on the Ö3 Greatest Hits vol. 50 and AustroPop Forever vol. 4 compilation albums. The song was accompanied by a promotional video of Cottriall with a fictional girlfriend going through an emotional break-up, with a concurrent sub-plot of him playing his guitar in an apartment with a broken water pipe gradually flooding the room, leaving him eventually submerged.\nHis follow-up single, \"So Nice\" was released on 6 August 2010 through Pop Pate Records/Edel. In contrast to the hurt and heartache of \"Unbreakable\", \"So Nice\" focuses on the positive aspects of love and relationships. It was produced by Gwenael Damman, bass guitarist for Christina Stürmer. Damman also produced Cottriall's first album, Sincerely Me, which was released in Austria 15 October 2010, also through Pop Pate/Edel. Drums were played by Klaus Pérez-Salado (also part of the Christina Stürmer band) and the piano and keyboards were played by Mark Royce.\n\n\n=== 201James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards.James Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, in Stratford upon Avon, England) is an English musician, active predominantly, and living in Vienna, Austria. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twentyJames Cottriall (born 1 January 1986, Stratford upon Avon) is an English musician, currently living in Los Angeles, California. He became famous throughout Austria with the success of his first single, \"Unbreakable\", which spent twenty weeks in the Austrian top 40 charts in summer 2010. \"Unbreakable\" was nominated for the Song of the Year category at the 2010 Austrian music Amadeus Awards. Amadeus Awards.\n\n\n== Background ==\nCottriall grew up in the countryside of Warwickshire, England, just outside Stratford-upon-Avon. He has two brothers, Ben Cottriall and Alex Cottriall. His father is a stamp dealer. His Mother has a degree from Warwick University. He studied German at King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon, and then at the University of Nottingham where part of the course required him to study for one year abroad in a German-speaking country. He chose to study at the University of Vienna in Austria. Following encouragement from fellow students and friends, he began to give performances of his songs in cafés",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Stand Up (James Cottriall song)",
"paragraph_text": " shows, medicine shows, American burlesque, English music halls, circus clown antics, Chautauqua, and humorist monologues, such as those delivered by Mark\"Stand Up\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his upcoming second studio album \"Love Is Louder\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 20 January 2012. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 10. The song was one of the finalists songs in the Austrian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 that will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The national final took place on 24 February 2012.St\"Stand Up\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his upcoming second studio album \"Love Is Louder\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 20 January 2012. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 10. The song was one of the finalists songs in the Austrian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 that will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The national final took place on 24 February 2012. gender-neutral terms stand-up comedian and stand-up comic, or by the feminine term stand-up comedienne. Performances can take place in various venues, including comedy clubs, comedy festivals, bars, nightclubs, colleges, or theaters. \n\n\n== History ==\n\nStand-up comedy originated in various traditions of popular entertainment in the late 19th century. These include vaudeville, the stump-speech monologues of minstrel shows, dime museums, concert saloons, freak shows, variety shows, medicine shows, American burlesque, English music halls, circus clown antics, Chautauqua, and humorist monologues, such as those delivered by Mark\"Stand Up\" is a song by English musician James Cottriall, from his upcoming second studio album \"Love Is Louder\". It was released in Austria as a digital download on 20 January 2012. It entered the Austrian Singles Chart at number 10. The song was one of the finalists songs in the Austrian national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 that will be held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The national final took place on 24 February 2012.Stand-up comedy is a performance directed to a live audience, where the performer stands on a stage and delivers humorous and satirical monologues sometimes incorporating physical acts. These performances are typically composed of rehearsed scripts but often include varying degrees of live crowd interaction. Stand-up comedy consists of one-liners, stories, observations, or shticks that can employ props, music, impressions, magic tricks, or ventriloquism.\nA performer in this genre can be known by the masculine and gender-neutral terms stand-up comedian and stand-up comic, or by the feminine term stand-up comedienne. Performances can take place in various venues, including comedy clubs, comedy festivals, bars, nightclubs, colleges, or theaters. \n\n\n== History ==\n\nStand-up comedy originated in various traditions of popular entertainment in the late 19th century. These include vaudeville, the stump-speech monologues of minstrel shows, dime museums, concert saloons, freak shows, variety shows, medicine shows, American burlesque, English music halls, circus clown antics, Chautauqua, and humorist monologues, such as those delivered by Mark Twain in his 1866 touring show Our Fellow Savages of the Sandwich Islands.\nCharles Farrar Browne (April 26, 1834 – March 6, 1867), better known by his nom de plume, Artemus Ward, is considered America's first stand-up comedian. His character, portrayed as an illiterate rube with \"Yankee common sense,\" was portrayed publicly by Browne.\nThe first documented use of \"stand-up\" appeared in The Stage in 1911, describing Nellie Perrier delivering 'stand-up comic ditties in a chic and charming manner'. However, this referred to a performance of comedy songs rather than stand-up comedy in its modern form.\nThe term appeared again in the “Stage Gossip” column of The Yorkshire Evening Post on November 10, 1917. The article discussed the career of a comedian Finlay Dunn, stating that Dunn was \"what he calls a stand-up comedian'\" during the latter part of the 19th century. However ,the term may have been used retrospectively.\n\n\n== Genres ==\n\nStand-up has multiple genres and styles with their formats. Common ones include:\n\nAlternative: Intended to counter the established figures of mainstream comedy.\nAnecdotal comedy: Storytelling using exaggeration and humor.\nCharacter: A fictional persona created by the performer.\nDeadpan: The deliberate display of emotional neutrality or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness or absurdity of the subject matter. This is also called dry humor, or dry-wit humor.\nInsult: Consists mainly of offensive insults, usually directed at the audience or other performers.\nMusical: Humorous songs or musical parodies, sometimes without lyrics.\nObservational: Conversation on the absurdities of everyday life.\nSatire: Ridicule of people, institutions, or ideas through jokes.\nTopical: Framed around a specific topic related to current events or dealing with issues that are important or popular at the current time.\nWordplay comedy: Tends to involve the use of tactics like puns, double entendres and rhymes to entertain audiences. Thus, delivery tends to be filled with many one-liners.\n\n\n== Stand up performances ==\n\n\n=== Opener, feature, and headliner ===\n\nIn a typical stand-up show, the host, compere, or emcee \"warms up\" the audience and introduces the other performers. This is followed by the opener, the feature, and then the headliner. The host may also act as the opener for smaller shows. Proven comics tend to earn regular bookings at clubs that are part of a chain and comedy venues. Jobbing stand-ups may perform sets at two or more venues on the same day.\n\n\n=== Open mic ===\nClubs and small venues often run open mic events; these slots may be booked in advance or left for walk-ins. Comedians use open mics to work on material or to show off their skills to get an opener slot. \"Bringer shows\" are shows that require amateur performers to bring a specified number of paying guests with them to receive stage time.\n\n\n=== Festivals ===\nAs well as being a mainstay of the comedy circuit, festivals often also showcase up-and-coming acts, with promoters and agents using the festivals to seek out new talent.\n\n\n=== TV specials and albums ===\nExperienced comics with",
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] | When was the artist who performed "Stand Up" born? | [
{
"id": 253612,
"question": "Stand Up >> performer",
"answer": "James Cottriall",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
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{
"id": 110882,
"question": "What is the date of birth for #1 ?",
"answer": "1 January 1986",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1 January 1986 | [] | true | What is the date of birth of the performer of Stand Up? |
2hop__142881_127399 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Madina Lake",
"paragraph_text": " and Matthew Leone befriended Torelli and Camargo, and unhappy with their current situations decided to disband their respective bands, and form Madina Lake. Shawn Currie of The Blank Theory was in the original line up as the band's keyboardist for Madina Lake, but left shortly after the band started working on material causing Camargo to become the band's keyboardist. They played their first show as Madina Lake on May 21, 2005, at Chicago's historic Metro.\nNathan and Matthew Leone first gained nationwide media recognition when they appeared in a special edition of Twin Fear Factor. They won $45,000 – $20,000 from finishing the first stunt the fastest, and $25,000 from finishing one of the two last stunts the fastest – and used it to pay for a recording process and demo of Madina Lake's first self-produced EP entitled The Disappearance of Adalia, which was released on August 22, 2006.\n\n\n=== From Them, Through Us, to You (2006–2008) ===\nAfter releasing The Disappearance of Adalia, Madina Lake gained a recording contract and signed with Roadrunner Records in April 2006 and created their first full length album entitled From Them, Through Us, to You, which was released on March 27, 2007. It was produced, engineered and mixed by Mark Trombino. The album debuted at No. 154 on the Billboard 200 album charts, and at No. 60 on the UK album charts.\n\nThe release of From Them, Through Us, to You was followed up by a headlining tour with Fightstar and participating in the Projekt Revolution tour. At first they had originally planned to play Warped Tour 2007, but dropped out to play on the Revolution Stage when Linkin Park specifically chose them. The band has also toured (at different times) alongside such acts as Story of the Year, Aiden, Halifax, and Mayday Parade, among others.\nBetween Jan and Feb 2008 they toured the UK playing in the Kerrang tour alongside Fightstar and Coheed and Cambria.\nOn May 3, 2008, Madina Lake played their third year of The Bamboozle festival in New Jersey and on June 14, 2008, they also played the infamous Download Festival in Donington Park on the Main stage and wrapped up touring From Them, Through Us, to You on Warped Tour 2008 from July 9 to July 25.\nA DVD that chronicles the writing and recording process of From Them, Through Us, to You as well as tours and events that followed was scheduled to be released before the end of 2008.\nMadina Lake was also given a slot to play in Osaka, Japan at the Summer Sonic Festival 2007. Madina Lake recorded a cover of Caught Somewhere In Time from the Iron Maiden Album Somewhere in Time for a cover CD called Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden, which was given away with the July 16 issue of Kerrang! magazine.\n\n\n=== Attics to Eden (2009–2010) ===\nMadina Lake recorded their second studio album, and it was produced by David Bendeth and was released on May 5, 2009.\nTo start off the touring stint for Attics to Eden, Madina Lake supported Anberlin on their Canadian tour. They will also play a show with Emery and Silverstein at the Pipeline Cafe in Honolulu, Hawaii in late February.\nMadina Lake are scheduled to play Soundwave festival 2009 from February 21 through March 2. After Soundwave they will be playing three shows in Japan with Less Than Jake.\nThey are also confirmed to play all dates in the 2009 Vans Warped Tour.\nThey have also confirmed that \"Let's Get Outta Here\" will be the second single released from their 2009 second studio album Attics to Eden, they will shoot a video for the song, as confirmed via their website. Madina Lake is doing a few shows with Escape The Fate and A SkylMadina Lake is an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago in 2005. Madina Lake released their debut album \"From Them, Through Us, to You\" through Roadrunner Records on March 27, 2007. Madina Lake won Best International Newcomer at the Kerrang! Awards 2007. The group disbanded in September 2013 before reuniting in February 2017. 2017.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Formation and The Disappearance of Adalia EP (2005–2006) ===\nNathan and Matthew Leone were first in a band known as the Blank Theory, based in Chicago, Illinois. Drummer Dan Torelli and Mateo Camargo were in a band called Reforma that had relocated to Chicago and both bands shared the same manager and often toured together. Nathan and Matthew Leone befriended Torelli and Camargo, and unhappy with their current situations decided to disband their",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "From Them, Through Us, to You",
"paragraph_text": " \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blastFrom Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007 via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK..\nThe album debuted at number 154 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, number three on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and number 60 on the UK Albums Chart.\nThe first single off the album was \"House of Cards\", followed by \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite aFrom Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007 via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.From Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007, via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.\nThe album debuted at number 154 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, number three on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and number 60 on the UK Albums Chart.\nThe first single off the album was \"House of Cards\", followed by \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite a margin.\"\nMusicOMH said: \"It's an album beset with clunking visuals and broader-than-thou riffs, complementing twin brother Nathan's expansive, excessive vocals tenfold to a beating post-hardcore centre.\" AbsolutePunk.net wrote: \"From Them, Through Us, to You is an album that offers a glimpse into the nature of Madina Lake, people, and society and places them to hard rock music laced with electronica and pop undertones. This blend of melody and aggression is the same kind that has launched the band's peers onto the fast track of success, and may very well do the same for Madina Lake.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\nThe retail version of \"Morning Sadness\" includes audio of a female voice speaking in the outro which is assumed to be the fictional main character of the album Adalia.\n\nFor unknown reasons, the iTunes release includes the whole advanced track listing with \"The Auspice\" but \"Now or Never\", \"Morning Sadness\" and \"True Love\" are omitted with the advanced version lengths not the retail lengths. The iTunes version also indicates three segues in the subtitles of two songs (\"Pandora\" and \"True Love\"; \"True Love\" has two segues) but the tracks appear the same as in the advanced version.\nThe song \"Again & Again\" was available for free download on the band's website shortly after the release of the album through a Flash-based game that tied into the fictional story of Madina Lake.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==From Them, Through Us, to You is the debut album by Chicago-based rock band Madina Lake. The album was released in the United States on March 27, 2007, via Roadrunner Records; it was released a day earlier in the UK.\nThe album debuted at number 154 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, number three on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart, and number 60 on the UK Albums Chart.\nThe first single off the album was \"House of Cards\", followed by \"Here I Stand\", \"One Last Kiss\" and \"Pandora\", all of which have music videos.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nAllMusic stated that \"The in-your-face intensity on tracks like the opening anthemic rocker \"Here I Stand\" is balanced by a tight sense of vocal harmony and an infectious melodicism that prevails most of the way through. It juxtaposes harsh background vocals with a heavy grooving drumbeat. If you like your music loud, take a dip in Madina Lake, bang your head and have a blast!\" Sputnikmusic felt that \"On paper, it reads just like a form of angst-filled high school poetry and with Nathan's nasally voice screeching and defecating the lyrics, it just makes it all that worse. This had the potential to be a great album but falls short by quite a margin.\"\nMusicOMH said: \"It's an album beset with clunking visuals and broader-than-thou riffs, complementing twin brother Nathan's expansive, excessive vocals tenfold to a beating post",
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] | When was the artist who created the album "From Them, Through Us, to You" established? | [
{
"id": 142881,
"question": "Which performer released the album From Them, Through Us, to You?",
"answer": "Madina Lake",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 127399,
"question": "Which year witnessed the formation of #1 ?",
"answer": "2005",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 2005 | [] | true | When was the performer of the album From Them, Through Us, to You formed? |
2hop__123145_80420 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "James Meredith",
"paragraph_text": " second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers. He rejoined the march and when Meredith and other leaders entered Jackson on June 26, they were leading an estimated 15,000 marchers, in what was the largest civil rights march in Mississippi. During the march, more than 4,000 African Americans registered to vote, and it was a catalyst to continued community organizing and additional registration.\nIn 2002 and again in 2012, the University of Mississippi led year-long series of events to celebrate the 40th and 50th anniversaries of Meredith's integration of the institution. He was among numerous speakers invited to the campus, where a statue of him commemorates his role. The Lyceum-The Circle Historic District at the center of the campus has been designated as a National Historic Landmark for these events.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nMeredith was born in 1933 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, the son of Roxie (Patterson) and Moses Meredith. He is of African-American, English Canadian, Scots and Choctaw heritage. His family nickname was \"J-Boy\". European traders intermarried with some Choctaw during the colonial period. In the 1830s, thousands of Choctaw chose to stay in Mississippi and become United States citizens when most of the tribe left their traditional homeland for Indian Territory during the federally imposed removal. Those in the state had unions with European Americans and African Americans (some of whom were enslaved), adding to the multi-racial population in the developing territory.\nMeredith completed 11th grade at Attala County Training School (which was segregated as \"white\" and \"colored\" under the state's Jim Crow laws) and completed 12th grade at Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg, Florida. HeJames Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an African - American Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans. Americans. The admission of Meredith ignited the Ole Miss riot of 1962 where Meredith's life was threatened and 31,000 American servicemen were required to quell the violence – the largest ever invocation of the Insurrection Act of 1807.\nIn 1966, Meredith planned a solo 220-mile (350-kilometer) March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi; he wanted to highlight continuing racism in the South",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Stewart Patridge",
"paragraph_text": " and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi DeltaStewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.StStewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state..\n\n\n== High school career ==\nPatridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow Academy, earning three letters in football, baseball and basketball. While an honor roll student at Pillow Academy, Patridge was named All-Conference his junior and senior years, Area Athlete of the Year and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi DeltaStewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.Stewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.\n\n\n== High school career ==\nPatridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow Academy, earning three letters in football, baseball and basketball. While an honor roll student at Pillow Academy, Patridge was named All-Conference his junior and senior years, Area Athlete of the Year and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi Delta Community College, where, as a freshman, he helped lead the football team to a 12-0 record and a national Junior College Championship. [1] Patridge played for only one year at Mississippi Delta Community College before transferring to the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi. He earned his first letter in 1996 by playing in 10 of the 11 games, Patridge became the No. 2 quarterback behind Paul Head, taking over in the final three games of the season; and during the 1996 season, Patridge completed 79 of 154 passes for 876 yards with three touchdowns and four interceptions, completing an individual game high of 17 passes for the win against Georgia.\nPatridge received numerous awards while playing at the University of Mississippi including the 1997 Ole Miss Quarterback Club Player of the Year, Offensive Player of the Week, Southeastern Conference Player of the Week and was named as the ESPN National Player of the Week after the LSU game when he completed 27 of 43 passes for 346 yards and two touchdowns as the Rebels upset the No. 8 ranked Tigers, 36-21 in Baton Rouge. [2]\nPatridge became the only quarterback in Ole Miss history to pass for over 200 yards in nine games in a single season. Patridge also holds the school record for 200 straight passes without an interception.\nPatridge, having only started 14 games, ranks 6th for most passes completed, 7th for pass attempts and 7th for passing yards; and\nPatridge led the Rebels to a post-season bowl appearance in the first Motor City Bowl. Patridge was named Most Valuable Player as he completed 29 of 47 passes for 332 yards and three touchdowns. [3]\nPatridge finished his career at Ole Miss completing 310 of 510 passes for 3,564 yards and 15 touchdowns, giving him a 60.6 completion percentage, which is the third all-time best in Rebel history and making him 8th in school history for total offense.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\nIn 1999, Patridge played for the Mississippi Pride in the Regional Football League, where he was named the all-RFL quarterback. Then, after the RFL folded, he went to the New England Sea Wolves, the Florida Bobcats and the Carolina Cobras in the Arena Football League from 2000 through 2003. [4]\nPatridge is currently living in Olive Branch, Mississippi.\n\n\n== References ==Stewart Patridge (born December 6, 1974) is a former American football quarterback best known as the leader of the University of Mississippi Rebels from 1995 to 1997. He won the 1997 Conerly Trophy as the best college football player in the state.\n\n\n== High school career ==\nPatridge, a native of Morgan City, Mississippi, attended Pillow Academy, earning three letters in football, baseball and basketball. While an honor roll student at Pillow Academy, Patridge was named All-Conference his junior and senior years, Area Athlete of the Year and team Most Valuable Player his junior and senior years.\n\n\n== College career ==\nAfter graduating from high school in 1993, Patridge attended Mississippi Delta Community College",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Which was the first black student to enroll in the university where Stewart Patridge studied? | [
{
"id": 123145,
"question": "What university did Stewart Patridge attend?",
"answer": "University of Mississippi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 80420,
"question": "who was the first african american student to attend #1",
"answer": "James Howard Meredith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | James Howard Meredith | [
"James Meredith"
] | true | Who was the first African American student to attend Stewart Patridge's university? |
4hop3__860588_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk RevolutionThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. \nThe empire emerged from a beylik, or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomyThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a",
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "yanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty,The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the tripoint with India at the peak of Teen MathaMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Nahe mine",
"paragraph_text": "The Nahe mine is a large potash mine located in southern Laos in Khammouane Province. Nahe represents one of the largest potash reserves in Laos having estimated reserves of 226 million tonnes of ore grading 17.5% potassium chloride.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What led to the expulsion of people, for whom the issuance of new coins represented a declaration of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, from the geographic dividing line between Thailand and the country where Nahe mine is located? | [
{
"id": 860588,
"question": "Nahe mine >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Nahe mine's country? |
3hop1__273571_834494_33939 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Summit, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "ographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP. The population density was 365.8 inhabitants per square mile (141.2/km2). There were 1,259 housing units at an average density of 124.4 per square mile (48.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 26.0% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. 63.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nOf the 1,144Summit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.Summit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.1 square miles (26 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP. The population density was 365.8 inhabitants per square mile (141.2/km2). There were 1,259 housing units at an average density of 124.4 per square mile (48.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 26.0% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. 63.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nOf the 1,144 households 46.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.4% of households were one personSummit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.1 square miles (26 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP. The population density was 365.8 inhabitants per square mile (141.2/km2). There were 1,259 housing units at an average density of 124.4 per square mile (48.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 26.0% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. 63.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nOf the 1,144Summit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.Summit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.1 square miles (26 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP. The population density was 365.8 inhabitants per square mile (141.2/km2). There were 1,259 housing units at an average density of 124.4 per square mile (48.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, <0.1%",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead\nKing Canyon Trailhead\nRichard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead\nRichard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead\nSarasota Trailhead\nSweetwater Preserve Trailhead\nVentana Canyon Trailhead\n\n\n== Community Centers ==\nThe NRPR has 13 community centers:\n\nAjo Community Center\nArivaca Community Center\nCatalina Community Center\nCentro Del Sur Community Center and Boxing Gym\nContinental Community Center\nDrexel Heights Community Center\nEllie Towne Flowing Wells Community Center\nJohn A. Valenzuela Youth Center\nLittletown Community Center\nMt. Lemmon Community Center\nNorthwest YMCA Pima County Community Center\nPicture Rocks Community Center\nRobles Ranch Community Center\n\n\n== Pools and Splash Pads ==\nThe NRPR has 10 pools and 2 splash pads community centers:\n\nAjo Pool\nBrandi Fenton Splash Pad\nCatalina Pool\nFlowing Wells Pool\nKino Pool (Mulcahy YMCA)\nLos Niños Pool (Augie Acuña)\nManzanita Pool Park\nPicture Rocks Pool and Splash Pad\nPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In 1900, what was the population of the city located in the same county as Summit? | [
{
"id": 273571,
"question": "Summit >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 33939,
"question": "What was #2 's population in 1900?",
"answer": "7,531",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | 7,531 | [] | true | What was the population in 1900 of the city that shares a county with Summit? |
2hop__373759_136043 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Heartbeat (Nina Sky song)",
"paragraph_text": " video was released. It features the sisters pr\"Heartbeat\" is surreal feeling of freedom. It’s just about listening to the rhythm inside you and letting that rhythm guide you.\" On\"Heartbeat\" is a song by American twins duo Nina Sky. It was released as a second single from their third studio album \"Nicole and Natalie\" on June 14, 2012. The song is released independently through their official website. Music video for the song is released on July 27, 2012, four days before the album's release. Later, \"Heartbeat: Remixes\", a remix EP, was also released.It\"Heartbeat\" is a song by American twins duo Nina Sky. It was released as a second single from their third studio album \"Nicole and Natalie\" on June 14, 2012. The song is released independently through their official website. Music video for the song is released on July 27, 2012, four days before the album's release. Later, \"Heartbeat: Remixes\", a remix EP, was also released.lich for the second time (he also has directed music video for the song \"Day Dreaming\"). Concerning the video, the band stated: \"We knew we wanted it to be more about the feeling of the song and less about the story. The colors, environment, and everyone dancing in their own element creates this surreal feeling of freedom. It’s just about listening to the rhythm inside you and letting that rhythm guide you.\" On July 27 the music video was released. It features the sisters pr\"Heartbeat\" is surreal feeling of freedom",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nina Sky",
"paragraph_text": " 13, they learned how to DJ and two years later were playing concerts in many clubs.\nThe twins' parents were very supportive of their daughters' ambitions. Their stepfather provided guitar and drum lessons and took them to auditions. They even performed occasionally on some showcases.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Name origin ===\nThe sisters wanted to devise a band name of their own, so they used the first two syllables of their names (\"Ni\" and \"Na\"), to come up with Nina. They then added Sky, which for them represented \"Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13, 1984 in Puerto Rico). Their debut single \"Move Ya Body\", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Their second album Nicole & Natalie was released on July 31, 2012. Their third studio album \"Brightest Gold\" was announced for 2016 release through Tommy Boy Entertainment. a Puerto Rican family in Puerto Rico, with Natalie being the older twin. Their parents later moved to New York City and divorced when the girls were young. The sisters grew up in Astoria, Queens in the Marine Terrace area. As a result of their stepfather working as a DJ, the twins were influenced by different types of music at an early age. By the age of 7, the twins had already written their first song, titled \"Sisters\". By 10, they knew that they wanted to become singers. When they were 13, they learned how to DJ and two years later were playing concerts in many clubs.\nThe twins' parents were very supportive of their daughters' ambitions. Their stepfather provided guitar and drum lessons and took them to auditions. They even performed occasionally on some showcases.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Name origin ===\nThe sisters wanted to devise a band name of their own, so they used the first two syllables of their names (\"Ni\" and \"Na\"), to come up with Nina. They then added Sky, which for them represented \"independent twins\".\n\n\n=== 2003–2006: Nina Sky and mixtapes ===\n\nIn 2003, The Jettsonz (Elijah Wells & Lionel Bermingham) introduced the girls to Cipha Sounds, a hip hop DJ under the Star Trak label owned by The Neptunes (Pharrell and Chad Hugo). Cipha Sounds was impressed when he heard the duo sing and suggested that they use the \"Coolie Dance\" riddim. The duo then proceeded to write \"Move Ya Body\" (alongside The Jettsonz Elijah Wells & Lionel Bermingham, who also produced the record), mixing Caribbean, R&B, and pop rhythms. Eventually, a demo of the song was made. The demo fell into the hands of Eddie O'Loughlin, the president of Next Plateau Entertainment (which is a division of Universal Records). O'Loughlin signed the twins to a contract and they started working on their debut album. On March 18, 2004, they had their first concert under their current name at Club Demara.\nThe single \"Move Ya Body\" was released on April 27, 2004 and reached number four on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 22 on the Billboard Year-End chart. Urban music and rhythmic top 40 stations quickly added the song to their play lists, sending the song up the charts. By July 17, \"Move Ya Body\" had gone to the top five on both sides of the Atlantic and had also reached the top five of a world combined R&B chart based on the US, UK, Germany, France and Australia. The song had also reached the top 50 of the Australian charts. On June 22, 2004 they released their first self-titled album, featuring Jabba and Betty Wright. The album charted #44 on the US Billboard 200 and number four on the U.S. R&B chart. Another single from the album, titled \"Turnin' Me On,\" was released on November 30, 2004. It didn't have the same success as \"Move Ya Body\", but charted at #5 on Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart and was a minor success in France.\nNina Sky continued to work and promote their music. They have contributed to the reggaeton movement with songs such as \"Oye Mi Canto\", and \"Más Maíz\" with artist and producer N.O.R.E. They were also a featured artist on Sean Paul's song \"Connection\" from his album The Trinity.\nOn October 25, 2005, they released their second mixtape called La Conexión, influenced by Latin music. The album contained the single \"Ladies Night\" (released April 17, 2006 and featuring Ivy Queen), released with the songs \"Loving You\" and \"Your Time\". It also contained Kassanova's remix of their single \"Turnin' Me On.\" The album features a lot of singers: Pitbull, N.O.R.E., Notch, Richie Rivera, Mackie, and Yaga. It also included Tony Touch's hit \"Play That Song,\" featuring Nina Sky and B-Real, released one month before the mixtape's release. In August 2006, Nina Sky were first featured on the cover of the publication The FADER, in its 39th issue. In 2006, their third mixtape \"80's Babies\" was released.\n\n\n=== 2007–2011: Label issues, marriages and The Other Side ===\n\nNina Sky collaborated with French singer Kenza Farah for the song \"Celle Qu'Il Te Faut\", and was released in both French and English versions. The video was shot in New York. Nina Sky were recording their second studio album, Starting Today. The album was originally due on July 27, 2007. Producers include Stereotypes, Bruno & Phil, Neo da Matrix, Ryan Leslie, Salaam Remi, and more. Guests include Rick Ross and others that have yet to be announced. In late 2007, Nina Sky left their label, Universal, and signed with Polo Grounds Music/J Records.\nNina Sky have also put together remixes of popular songs including J. Holiday's, \"Bed,\" Elliott Yamin's, \"Wait For You\", Cassidy's, \"My Drink n My 2 Step, and The-Dream's, \"I Love Your Girl\". They have also worked with Brooklyn MC Red Cafe on his street album The Co-Op, and The Alchemist on his song \"Key to the City\". In 2008,Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name origin of the artist who performs Heartbeat? | [
{
"id": 373759,
"question": "Heartbeat >> performer",
"answer": "Nina Sky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 136043,
"question": "What is #1 named after?",
"answer": "Natalie Albino",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Natalie Albino | [
"Nina Sky"
] | true | What is the performer of Heartbeat named after? |
3hop1__639955_834494_34109 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Helvetia, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Helvetia is a populated place in Pima County, Arizona, that was settled in 1891 and abandoned in the early 1920s. Helvetia is an ancient name for Switzerland. Switzerland. Today, only the Ray Mine and cemetery are visitable, as the rest of the town has been fenced off due to active mining operations.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Santa Rita Mountains had been a locale of mining since the mountain range had been part of the Spanish Empire, all the way through to the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, when it became a part of the United States. Although it had always been for silver or gold.\nThis changed in 1875, when Tucson business partners Pinckney Tully and Estevan Ochoa — who were involved in freighting and mining — hauled about 5",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "or authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27). (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700, about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now known as \"A\" mountain. Hugo Oconór (Hugo O'Conor), the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona, authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (the present downtown Pima County Courthouse was built near this site). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by the Apache. Eventually, the town came to be called Tucsón, a Spanish version of the O'odham word for the area. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821.\nDuring the Mexican–American War in 1846–1848, Tucsón was captured by Philip St. George Cooke with the Mormon Battalion, but it soon returned to Mexican control as Cooke proceeded to the west, establishing Cooke's Wagon Road to California. Tucsón was not included in the Mexican Cession to the United States following the war. Cooke's road through Tucsón became one of the important routes into California during the California Gold Rush of 1849.\nThe US acquired those portions of modern-day Arizona that lay south of the Gila River by treaty from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854. Under this treaty and purchase, Tucsón became a part of the United States of America. The American military did not formally take over control until March 1856. In time, the name of the town became standardized in English in its current form, where the stress is on the first syllable, the \"u\" is long, and the \"c\" is silent.\nIn 1857, Tucson was established as a stage station on the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line. In 1858, it became third division headquarters of the Butterfield Overland Mail and operated until the line was shut down in March 1861. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, but following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches ended operations in August 1861.\nTucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What's the name of the PBS station located in the same county as Helvetia? | [
{
"id": 639955,
"question": "Helvetia >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 34109,
"question": "What is #2 's PBS station?",
"answer": "KUAT-TV 6",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | KUAT-TV 6 | [
"KUAT-TV"
] | true | What is the PBS station of the city in the same county as Helvetia? |
3hop1__353661_629431_64412 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sacerdotii nostri primordia",
"paragraph_text": "Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of St. John Vianney, the patron saint of priests.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\nSaint John Vianney's prayer to Jesus\n\n\n== References ==\ntext on Vatican website.Sacerdotii nostri primordia (\"From the beginning of our priesthood\") was the second encyclical of Pope John XXIII, issued 1 August 1959. It commemorated the 100th",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.\nIn 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nBefore 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, which was described as red and yellow.\nIn 1808, Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace red color with white, in order to distinguish them from the troops that had been incorporated into Napoleon's army.\nIn 1803, the Papal States started using a white merchant flag with the Papal coat of arms in the centre. This flag was made official on 7 June 1815. On 17 September 1825, it was replaced with a yellow and white flag which took its colours from the materials of the two keys (yellow for gold, white for silver). These colors were probably taken from the 1808 flag of the Palatine guard. This was the first bicolour used by the Papal States and the ancestor of the modern flag of Vatican City. The merchant flag also served as a state flag on land.\nStarting in 1831, the papal infantry flew square yellow and white flags. At first, they were diagonally divided, but after 1849 they were vertically divided like the merchant flag. The last infantry colour, adopted in 1862, was a plain square white and yellow flag.\nOn 8 February 1849, while Pope Pius IX was in exile in Gaeta, a Roman Republic was declared. The new government's flag was the Italian tricolor with the motto \"Dio e Popolo\" on the central stripe. The papal government and its flags were restored on 2 July 1849. On 20 September 1870, the Papal States were conquered by Italy.\nAfter the Lateran Treaty was signed in 1929, papal authorities decided to use the 1825–1870 merchant flag as the state flag of the soon to be independent Vatican City state. The treaty came into effect on 7 June 1929.\n\n\n=== Previous versions ===\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Incorrect version ==\n\nAn incorrect version of the flag has been commonly used. In this version, the visible inner lining of the papal tiara is colored red instead of white, and a different shade of yellow orThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II",
"paragraph_text": "Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the city, in which the writer of Sacerdotii Nostri Primordia passed away, recognized as an independent nation? | [
{
"id": 353661,
"question": "Sacerdotii Nostri Primordia >> author",
"answer": "John XXIII",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 629431,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 64412,
"question": "when did #2 become its own country",
"answer": "11 February 1929",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | 11 February 1929 | [] | true | When did the city where the author of Sacerdotii Nostri Primordia died become its own country? |
3hop2__304722_526346_63959 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 \nThe last pre-league FA Cup campaign saw the first competitive \"Second City derby\" occur on Saturday, 5 November 1887. Villa beat Small Heath 4–0 in the fifth round. Tommy Green scored a brace before half-time with Albert Brown and Albert Allen adding to the score in the second half. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. \nThe first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, saw Villa win 2–1 after Birmingham had been promoted to the first division for a two year stint.\nSecond Division Small Heath F.C. took part in the 1900–01 FA Cup, losing in the third round to First division Aston Villa after a replay, Villa's Billy Garraty being the sole scorer over the two fixtures. That season Small Heath finished runners-up in Second Division, so were promoted to the First Division for 1901–02. Villa won 2–0 at Coventry Road Muntz Street with goals by Jack Devey and Joe Bache. In the 1901 Boxing Day fixture, Villa's Jasper McLuckie was the only scorer. At the end of the season Birmingham were relegated back to the Second Division. \nBirmingham were promoted to the First Division in 1903–04 and Second City derbies were played up to 1907–08 when they were relegated. The teams would not meet again in top flight competition until fifteen years later when Birmingham were again promoted to the first division for 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture.\n\n\n== Third round proper ==\nThe four Third Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 March 1895. There were no replays.\n\n\n== Semi-finals ==\nThe semi-final matches were both played on Saturday, 16 March 1895. Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion went on to meet in the final at Crystal Palace.\n\n\n== Final ==\n\nThe final was contested by Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace. Aston Villa won 1–0, with Bob Chatt being credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history, scored after just 30 seconds. Devey found Hodgetts, whose cross was laid off by Athersmith to Chatt, whose half volley took a deflection.\n\n\n=== Match details ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nFA Cup Final Results 1872-\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\nOfficial site; fixtures and results service at TheFA.com\n1894-95 FA Cup at rsssf.com\n1894-95 FA Cup at soccerbase.com\nSpecificThe 1894–95 FA Cup was the 24th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). The cup was won by Aston Villa, who defeated West Bromwich Albion 1–0 in theThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Trevor Dark",
"paragraph_text": " his debut as an 18-year-old when he came on as substitute for Stewart Barrowclough in a 1–0 home defeat to Leeds United in the First Division on 10 February 1979. He started the next two games, and made a further two substitute appearances later on in the 1978–79 season, at the end of which Birmingham were relegated; his progress was not improved by an attempt to convert him from winger to full back. He left Birmingham in 1981 for non-league football in the London area, spending time with Hendon, Carshalton Athletic, whom he joined early in the 1981–82 season, Fisher Athletic and Tooting & Mitcham United.\n\n\n== References ==Trevor Charles Dark (born 29 January 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a winger.\nAs a schoolboy Dark was associated with Arsenal, but when he left school in 1977 he joined Birmingham City as an apprentice, turning professional two years later. He made his debut as an 18-year-old when he came on as substitute for Stewart Barrowclough in a 1–0 home defeat to Leeds United in the First Division on 10 February 1979. He started the next two games, and made a further two substitute appearances later on in the 1978–79 season, at the end of which Birmingham were relegated; his progress was not improved by an attempt to convert him from winger to full back. He left Birmingham in 1981 for non-league football in the London area, spending time with Hendon, Carshalton Athletic, whomTrevor Charles Dark (born 29 January 1961) is a former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a winger.TTrevor Charles Dark (born 29 January 1961) is a former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a winger..\nAs a schoolboy Dark was associated with Arsenal, but when he left school in 1977 he joined Birmingham City as an apprentice, turning professional two years later. He made his debut as an 18-year-old when he came on as substitute for Stewart Barrowclough in a 1–0 home defeat to Leeds United in the First Division on 10 February 1979. He started the next two games, and made a further two substitute appearances later on in the 1978–79 season, at the end of which Birmingham were relegated; his progress was not improved by an attempt to convert him from winger to full back. He left Birmingham in 1981 for non-league football in the London area, spending time with Hendon, Carshalton Athletic, whom he joined early in the 1981–82 season, Fisher Athletic and Tooting & Mitcham United.\n\n\n== References ==Trevor Charles Dark (born 29 January 1961) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a winger.\nAs a schoolboy Dark was associated with Arsenal, but when he left school in 1977 he joined Birmingham City as an apprentice, turning professional two years later. He made his debut as an 18-year-old when he came on as substitute for Stewart Barrowclough in a 1–0 home defeat to Leeds United in the First Division on 10 February 1979. He started",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the athletic team with Trevor Dark as one of its players last triumph over the team that won the 1894–95 FA Cup? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 526346,
"question": "Trevor Dark >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 1 December 2010 | [] | true | When was the last time the sports team having Trevor Dark as a member beat the winner of 1894–95 FA Cup? |
2hop__108158_83769 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Dazed and Confused (film)",
"paragraph_text": "50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in the school parking lot by senior girls (led by Darla), covered in mustard, ketchup, flour and raw eggs and forced to propose to senior boys.\nAs day fades to night, freshman Mitch Kramer escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett, but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion, a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn, Tony Olson, and Mike Newhouse decide to participate in the evening's festivities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson, a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.\nAs the night progresses, students loiter around the Emporium, listen to rock music, cruise the neighborhood and frequent a local drive-through restaurant. Mitch is introduced to sophomore Julie Simms, with whom he shares a mutual attraction. While cruising again with Pink, Pickford and Don Dawson, Mitch drinks beer and smokes marijuana for the first time. After a game of mailbox baseball, a neighborhood resident brandishing a gun threatens to call the police. They barely escape after the resident fires at their car. After returning to the Emporium, Mitch runs into his middle school friends and hatches a plan with them to exact revenge on O'Bannion. The freshmen dump paint on O'Bannion from a roof, causing him to leave in a fit of rage.\nAfter the Emporium closes, an impromptu keg party is planned in a field under a moonlight tower. Cynthia, Tony, and Mike arrive at their first keg party, where Mike is threatened by tough guy Clint Bruno. Tony runs into freshman Sabrina Davis, whom he met earlier during the hazing, and begins spending time with her. Mike, suffering from the humiliation of his confrontation with Clint, decides to make a stand by punching him; in return, he gets tackled by Clint and receives a beating from him. The fight is broken up by Pink and Wooderson. Football player Benny O'Donnell confronts Pink about his refusal toFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectualFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. feature. Linklater drew heavily on his adolescence in Huntsville, Texas, to write the script, lifting the names of several people from his hometown for the characters. Most actors cast for the film were undiscovered talent, including McConaughey who became the film's breakout star. Linklater shot the film around Austin, with several members of his crew from Slacker. The actors were encouraged to improvise and develop their own characters, with some writing in extra scenes. Linklater gathered several 1970s rock songs for the soundtrack, which made up a significant portion of the film's budget. The picture was marketed by Gramercy Pictures as a stoner film, to Linklater's dismay.\nReleased on September 24, 1993, Dazed and Confused was a commercial disappointment at the box office, grossing less than $8 million in the United States. The film later found success on the home video market and has since become a cult classic. It ranked third on Entertainment Weekly magazine's list of the 50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Push, Nevada",
"paragraph_text": ".S. law required that the contest continue until its conclusion.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe show followed a mild-mannered IRS agent, Jim Prufrock, as he traveled to the mysterious desert town of Push, Nevada. While investigating a sizable accounting error made by the Versailles Casino, he begins to realize that there may be stranger things going on in this town than embezzlement. Despite frequent warnings from a \"Slo-dancer\", Mary, to leave town before he's in too deep, Jim continues to investigate thingsCreated by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.Push, Nevada was an American mystery television series set in the fictional town of Push, Nevada. It premiered on September 17, 2002 on ABC, and ran for 7 episodes before it became one of the first shows to be canceled during the Fall 2002 season.\n\n\n== Overview ==\nCreated by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey, Push, Nevada was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of the series for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery.\n24-year-old New Jersey resident Mark Nakamoto won the grand prize, calling a special number within just two minutes of the last clue being given during an airing of Monday Night Football. The show's cancellationCreated by Ben Affleck and Sean Bailey (co-producer of \"Project Greenlight\") and co-produced with Matt Damon and Chris Moore, \"Push, Nevada\" was unique in that it offered viewers a chance to follow along and solve the mystery of Push for a prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the mystery. prize of $1,045,000. Each episode contained clues, from web addresses in the opening credits to specific phrases uttered by characters in the show, each having its own significance to the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the movie Dazed and Confused, which character was portrayed by the person who created Push, Nevada? | [
{
"id": 108158,
"question": "The artwork Push, Nevada was by who?",
"answer": "Ben Affleck",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 83769,
"question": "who did #1 play in dazed and confused",
"answer": "Fred O'Bannion",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Fred O'Bannion | [] | true | Who was played by the creator of Push, Nevada in Dazed and Confused? |
2hop__8347_8311 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Westminster Abbey",
"paragraph_text": " styles or later Baroque and modern styles. The Henry VII Chapel, at the east end of the church, is a typical example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture; antiquarian John Leland called it orbis miraculum (\"the wonder of the world\").\nThe abbey is the burial site of more than 3,300 people, many prominent in British history: monarchs, prime ministers, poets laureate, actors, musicians, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior. Due to the fame of the figures buried there, artist William Morris described the abbey as a \"National Valhalla\".\n\n\n== History ==\nHistorians agree that there was a monastery dedicated to Saint Peter on the site prior to the 11th century, though its exact origin is somewhat obscure. One legend claims that it was founded by the Saxon king Sæberht of Essex, and another claims that its founder was the fictional 2nd-century British king Lucius. One tradition claims that a young fisherman on the River Thames had a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to have been quoted as theSince the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British monarchs and a burial site for 18 English, Scottish, and British monarchs. At least 16 royal weddings have taken place at the abbey since 1100.\nAlthough the origins of the church are obscure, an abbey housing Benedictine monks was on the site by the mid-10th century. The church got its first large building from the 1040s, commissioned by King Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The monastery was dissolved in 1559, and the church was made a royal peculiar – a Church of England church, accountable directly to the sovereign – by Elizabeth I. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St. Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 because of their historic and symbolic significance.\nThe church's Gothic architecture is chiefly inspired by 13th-century French and English styles, although some sectionsSince the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]s, commissioned by King Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The monastery was dissolved in 1559, and the church was made a royal peculiar – a Church of England church, accountable directly to the sovereign – by Elizabeth I. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St. Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 because of their historic and symbolic significance.\nThe church's Gothic architecture is chiefly inspired by 13th-century French and English styles, although some sections of the church have earlier Romanesque styles or later Baroque and modern styles. The Henry VII Chapel, at the east end of the church, is a typical example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture; antiquarian John Leland called it orbis miraculum (\"the wonder of the world\").\nThe abbey is the burial site of more than 3,300 people, many prominent in British history: monarchs, prime ministers, poets laureate, actors, musicians, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior. Due to the fame of the figures buried there, artist William Morris described the abbey as a \"National Valhalla\".\n\n\n== History ==\nHistorians agree that there was a monastery dedicated to Saint Peter on the site prior to the 11th century, though its exact origin is somewhat obscure. One legend claims that it was founded by the Saxon king Sæberht of Essex, and another claims that its founder was the fictional 2nd-century British king Lucius. One tradition claims that a young fisherman on the River Thames had a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to have been quoted as theSince the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London,",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Westminster Abbey",
"paragraph_text": " I. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St. Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 because of their historic and symbolic significance.\nThe church's Gothic architecture is chiefly inspired by 13th-century French and English styles, although some sections of the church have earlier Romanesque styles or later Baroque and modern styles. The Henry VII Chapel, at the east end of the church, is a typical example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture; antiquarian John Leland called it orbis miraculum (\"the wonder of the world\").\nThe abbey is the burial site of more than 3,300 people, many prominent in British history: monarchs, prime ministers, poets laureate, actors, musicians, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior. Due to the fame of the figures buried there, artist William Morris described the abbey as a \"National Valhalla\".\n\n\n== History ==\nHistorians agree that there was a monastery dedicated to Saint Peter on the site prior to the 11th century, though its exact origin is somewhat obscure. One legend claims that it was founded by the Saxon king Sæberht of Essex, and another claims that its founder was the fictional 2nd-century British king Lucius. One tradition claims that a young fisherman on the River Thames had a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to have been quoted as theSince the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British monarchs and a burial site for 18 English, Scottish, and British monarchs. At least 16 royal weddings have taken place at the abbey since 1100.\nAlthough the origins of the churchThe chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.s, commissioned by King Edward the Confessor, who is buried inside. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The monastery was dissolved in 1559, and the church was made a royal peculiar – a Church of England church, accountable directly to the sovereign – by Elizabeth I. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St. Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987 because of",
"is_supporting": true
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] | When did the coronation of the individual responsible for the construction of the Chapter House take place? | [
{
"id": 8347,
"question": "Under whom was the chapter house built?",
"answer": "Henry III",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 8311,
"question": "When was #1 crowned?",
"answer": "1216",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 1216 | [] | true | When did the crowning of the person under whom the Chapter House was built happen? |
2hop__50068_494136 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Flesh and Bone (film)",
"paragraph_text": " their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay Davies\nJames Caan as Roy Sweeney\nGwyneth Paltrow as Ginnie\nScott Wilson as Elliott\nGail Cronauer as Emma\nJohn Hawkes as Groom\n\n\n== Location ==\nPrincipal photography began on October 5, 1992 and completed on December 26, 1992.\nIt was filmed in Lockhart and Marfa, Texas, as well as at the Mustang Mott store owned by Maxine McCoy, in Westhoff, Texas.\nProducer Mark Rosenberg died of a heart attack suffered on the film's location in Stanton, Texas.\nAs the end credits begin, the film is dedicated to him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, Flesh and Bone holds a 70% approval rating from 27 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100 based on 21Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\" what happened to him. During the night, the boy wakes up and lets a stranger into the house. The man and the boy rob the house together. When the father surprises the burglar, they exchange gunfire. Drawn by the sound, the burglar kills the mother as well. He asks his son if there is anyone else in the house. The boy reluctantly nods, and his father goes upstairs to kill the family's young son, leaving only their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay Davies\nJames Caan as Roy Sweeney\nGwyneth Paltrow as Ginnie\nScott Wilson as Elliott\nGail Cronauer as Emma\nJohn Hawkes as Groom\n\n\n== Location ==\nPrincipal photography began on October 5, 1992 and completed on December 26, 1992.\nIt was filmed in Lockhart and Marfa, Texas, as well as at the Mustang Mott store owned by Maxine McCoy, in Westhoff, Texas.\nProducer Mark Rosenberg died of a heart attack suffered on the film's location in Stanton, Texas.\nAs the end credits begin, the film is dedicated to him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, Flesh and Bone holds a 70% approval rating from 27 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100 based on 21Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Dove Awards, the film won \"Inspirational Film of the Year\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTen-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day, Bart's mother drops him off at a Christian camp, where Bart meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds that his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings. Bart angrily confronts Arthur, who denies that his abusiveness was the reason she left.\nYears later, in high school, Bart and Shannon are dating. Bart plays football to please Arthur, but is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. The only elective with openings is music class, so he reluctantly signs up. Initially, Bart is assigned to be a sound technician, but after overhearing him singing, the director casts him in the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma!. Bart overcomes his reluctance and gives an impressive performance, but does not tell Arthur, who finds out the night of the show when he happens to see a flyer for the show in a diner. Arthur suddenly collapses in pain, and finds out he has cancer, which he hides from Bart. The following morning, Bart antagonizes Arthur, who smashes a plate over his head. At church, Shannon sees the blood and presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her, and leaves town to seek his fortune in the city.\nBart joins a band in need of a singer, and convinces Christian music producer Scott Brickell to manage the band and secure a showcase in Nashville. Bart surprises Shannon and invites her to tour with the band, and is confused when Shannon flatly refuses. In Nashville, Brickell introduces Bart to established artists Amy Grant and Michael W. Smith, but is unable to convince record executives to sign the band, who do not believe the band, now performing as \"MercyMe\", is good enough. Devastated, Bart quits the band, but Brickell thinks that Bart needs to resolve issues in his personal life, so Bart reconciles with the band and asks them to wait for him, and leaves to return home.\nBart returns home late at night, and is confused to find that Arthur has prepared breakfast for him the next morning. Arthur claims to have become a Christian, but Bart is skeptical and refuses to forgive him, and leaves. In anger and despair, Arthur smashes his old Jeep, which he had asked Bart to help him restore. Bart attempts to drive away in Arthur's pickup, but discovers the terminal cancer diagnosis, and returns to Arthur. Bart forgives his father, and the two form a deep bond, but Arthur soon dies of his illness.\nAfter Arthur's funeral, Bart rejoins the band and writes \"I Can Only Imagine\", and also calls Shannon and apologizes to her for the first time since their breakup. Brickell sends the demo tape to several artists, including Grant, who, deeply moved by the song, asks to record it herself as her next single, and Bart, who just wants the song to be heard, accepts. On stage, Grant begins the song, but can't bring herself to sing it, and calls Bart on stage from the audience to sing it himself. Bart's performance earns an enthusiastic ovation, and he reunites with Shannon, who was also inI Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best - selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.man also star.\nI Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It was a box office success, grossing $86 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, earning more than twelve times its budget. It is the fifth highest-grossing music biopic and sixth highest-grossing Christian film of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films",
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] | Who is married to the actor who portrayed the Father in the movie 'I Can Only Imagine'? | [
{
"id": 50068,
"question": "who played father in i can only imagine",
"answer": "Dennis Quaid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 494136,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Meg Ryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Meg Ryan | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the person who played Father in I Can Only Imagine? |
2hop__21103_16254 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": " and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judaea. After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three prosopons of the Trinity. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually, generally on 25 December, as Christmas. His crucifixion is honoured on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The world's most widely used calendar era—in which the current year is AD 2024 (or 2024 CE)—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.\nJesus is also revered in Islam, the Bahá��í Faith, and the Druze Faith. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ����sā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nA typical Jew in Jesus's time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase \"son of [father's name]\", or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as \"Jesus of Nazareth\". Jesus's neighbours in Nazareth referred to him as \"the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon\", \"the carpenter's son\", or \"Joseph's son\"; in the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as \"Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth\".\nThe English name Jesus, from Greek Iēsous, is a rendering of Joshua (Hebrew Yehoshua, later Yeshua), and was not uncommon in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. Popular etymology linked the names Yehoshua and Yeshua to the verb meaning \"save\" and the noun \"salvation\". The Gospel of Matthew tells of an angel that appeared to Joseph instructing him \"to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins\".\n\n\n=== Jesus Christ ===\nSince the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as \"Jesus Christ\". The word Christ was a title or office (\"the Christ\"), not a given name. It derives from the Greek ��ριστός (Christos), a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (משי��) meaning \"anointed\", and is usually transliterated into English as \"messiah\". In biblical Judaism, sacred oil was used to anoint certain exceptionally holy people and objects as part of their religious investiture.\nChristians of the time designated Jesus as \"the Christ\" because they believed him to be the messiah, whose arrival is prophesied in the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. In postbiblical usage, Christ became viewed as a name—one part of \"Jesus Christ\". Etymons of the term Christian (meaning a follower of Christ) have been in use since the 1st century.\n\n\n== Life and teachings in the New Testament ==\n\n\n=== Canonical gospels ===\n\nThe four canonical gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) are the foremost sources for the life and message of Jesus. But other parts of the New Testament also include references to key episodes in his life, such as the Last Supper in 1 Corinthians 11:23–26. Acts of the Apostles refers to Jesus's early ministry and its anticipation by John the Baptist. Acts 1:1–11 says more about the Ascension of Jesus than the canonical gospels do. In the undisputed Pauline letters, which were written earlier than the Gospels, Jesus's words or instructions are cited several times.\nSome early Christian groups had separate descriptions of Jesus's life and teachings that are not in the New Testament. These include the Gospel of Thomas, Gospel of Peter, and Gospel of Judas, the Apocryphon of James, and many other apocryphal writings. Most scholars conclude that these were written much later and are less reliable accounts than the canonical gospels.\n\n\n==== Authorship, date, and reliability ====\nThe canonical gospels are four accounts, each by a different author. The authors of the Gospels are pseudonymous, attributed by tradition to the four evangelists, each with close ties to Jesus: Mark by John Mark, an associate of Peter; Matthew by one of Jesus's disciples; Luke by a companion of Paul mentioned in a few epistles; and John by another of Jesus's disciples, the \"beloved disciple\".\nAccording to the Marcan priority, the first to be written was the Gospel of Mark (written AD 60–75), followed by the Gospel of Matthew (AD 65–85), the Gospel of Luke (AD 65–95), and the Gospel of John (AD 75–100). Most scholars agree that the authors of Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source for their gospels. Since Matthew and Luke also share some content not found in Mark, many scholars assume that they used another source (commonly called the \"Q source\") in addition to Mark.\nOne important aspect of the study of the Gospels is the literary genre under which they fall. Genre \"is a key convention guiding both the composition and the interpretation of writings\". Whether the gospel authors set out to write novels, myths, histories, or biographies has a tremendous impact on how they ought to be interpreted. Some recent studies suggest that the genre of the Gospels ought to be situated within the realm of ancient biography. Although not without critics, the position that the Gospels are a type of ancient biography is the consensus among scholars today.\nConcerning the accuracy of the accounts, viewpoints run the gamut from considering them inerrant descriptions of Jesus's life, to doubting whether they are historically reliable on a number of points, to considering them to provide very little historical information about his life beyond the basics. According to a broad scholarly consensus, the Synoptic Gospels (the first three—Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are the most reliable sources of information about Jesus.\n\n\n==== Comparative structure and content ====\n\nMatthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels, from the Greek σ��ν (syn \"together\") and �����ις (opsis \"view\"), because they are similar in content, narrative arrangement, language and paragraph structure, and one can easily set them next to each other and synoptically compare what is in them. Scholars generally agree that it is impossible to find any direct literary relationship between the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. While the flow of many events (e.g., Jesus's baptism, transfiguration, crucifixion and interactions with his apostles) are shared among the Synoptic Gospels, incidents such as the transfiguration and Jesus's exorcising demons do not appear in John, which also differs on other matters, such as the Cleansing of the Temple.\nThe Synoptics emphasize different aspects of Jesus. In Mark, Jesus is the Son of God whose mighty works demonstrate the presence of God's Kingdom. He is a tireless wonder worker, the servant of both God and man. This short gospel records few of Jesus's words or teachings. The Gospel of Matthew emphasizes that Jesus is the fulfilment of God's will as revealed in the Old Testament, and the Lord of the Church. He is the \"Son of David\", a \"king\", and the messiah. Luke presents Jesus as the divine-human saviour who shows compassion to the needy. He is the friend of sinners and outcasts, come to seek and save the lost. This gospel includes well-known parables, such as the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son.\nThe prologue to the Gospel of John identifies Jesus as an incarnation of the divine Word (Logos). As the Word, Jesus was eternally present with God, active in all creation, and the source of humanity's moral and spiritual nature. Jesus is not only greater than any past human prophet but greater than any prophet could be. He not only speaks God's Word; he is God's Word. In the Gospel of John, Jesus reveals his divine role publicly. Here he is the Bread of Life, the Light of the World, the True Vine and more.\nIn general, the authors of the New Testament showed little interest in an absolute chronology of Jesus or in synchronizing the episodes of his life with the secular history of the age. As stated in John 21:25, the Gospels do not claim to provide an exhaustive list of the events in Jesus's life. The accounts were primarily written as theological documents in the context of early Christianity, with timelines as a secondary consideration. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the Gospels devote about one third of their text to the last week of Jesus's life in Jerusalem, referred to as the Passion. The Gospels do not provide enough details to satisfy the demands of modern historians regarding exact dates, but it is possible to draw from them a general picture of Jesus's life story.\n\n\n=== Genealogy and nativity ===\n\nJesus was Jewish, born to Mary, wife of Joseph. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke offer two accounts of his genealogy. Matthew traces Jesus's ancestry to Abraham through David. Luke traces Jesus's ancestry through Adam to God. The lists are identical between Abraham and David but differ radically from that point. Matthew has 27 generations from David to Joseph, whereas Luke has 42, with almost no overlap between the names on the two lists. Various theories have been put forward to explain why the two genealogies are so different.\n\nMatthew and Luke each describe Jesus's birth, especially that Jesus was born to a virgin named Mary in Bethlehem in fulfilment of prophecy. Luke's account emphasizes events before the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary, while Matthew's mostly covers those after the birth and centers on Joseph. Both accounts state that Mary, was engaged to a man named Joseph, who was descended from King David and was not his biological father, and both support the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus, according to which Jesus was miraculously conceived by the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb when she was still a virgin. At the same time, there is evidence, at least in the Lukan Acts of the Apostles, that Jesus was thought to have had, like many figures in antiquity, a dual paternity, since there it is stated he descended from the seed or loins of David. By taking him as his own, Joseph will give him the necessary Davidic descent. Some scholars suggest that Jesus had Levite heritage from Mary, based on her blood relationship with Elizabeth. \n\nIn Matthew, Joseph is troubled because Mary, his betrothed, is pregnant, but in the first of Joseph's four dreams an angel assures him not to be afraid to take Mary as his wife, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. In Matthew 2Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. yielded various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus.\nJesus was circumcised at eight days old, was baptized by John the Baptist as a young adult, and after 40 days and nights of fasting in the wilderness, began his own ministry. He was an itinerant teacher, and was often referred",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": " the degree and sources of European admixture, with some focusing on the European genetic origin in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, contrasting with the predominantly Middle Eastern genetic origin in paternal lineages.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Japhet, sonIt is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.",
"is_supporting": true
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] | In 1931, what proportion of the global Jewish population did the section that forms most of the contemporary Jewish community comprise? | [
{
"id": 21103,
"question": "What group of Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry?",
"answer": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 16254,
"question": "By 1931, what percentage of the world’s Jews were #1 ?",
"answer": "92 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 92 percent | [] | true | By 1931, what percentage of the world's Jews were the group of Jews that represented the bulk of modern Jewry? |
3hop1__465684_160545_34754 | [
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district hasBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": ", while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\n\n=== Names of the war ===\nIn Allied countries during the war, the \"Pacific War\" was not usually distinguished from World War II, or was known simply as the War against Japan. In the United States, the term Pacific theater was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China Burma India theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.\nJapan used the name Greater East Asia War (大��������, Dai Tō-A Sensō), as chosen byThe official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands. the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, and the Philippines, the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong, and invaded Thailand.\nThe",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Bodindecha",
"paragraph_text": "วียงจันทน์) and for campaigns during the Siamese-Vietnamese Wars of 1831–1834 and 1841–1845.ChaoChao Phraya Bodindecha (, , 1777–1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (), was one of the most prominent political and military figures of the early Bangkok Rattanakosin Kingdom. Bodindecha was both a top military general () and Chief Minister in charge of civilian affairs as the \"Akkhra Maha Senabodi\" () of the \"Samuha Nayok\" ) during the reign of King Rama III. He was known for putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828} (ปราบกบฎ) of Lord Anouvong of Vientiane (เจ้าอนุวงศ์ เวียงจันทน์) and for campaigns during the Siamese-Vietnamese Wars of 1831–1834 and 1841–1845.เจ้าอนุวง��์) and Siamese-Vietnamese Wars in 1831–1834 and 1841–1845 (อาChao Phraya Bodindecha (, , 1777–1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (), was one of the most prominent political and military figures of the early Bangkok Rattanakosin Kingdom. Bodindecha was both a top military general () and Chief Minister in charge of civilian affairs as the \"Akkhra Maha Senabodi\" () of the \"Samuha Nayok\" ) during the reign of King Rama III. He was known for putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828} (ปราบกบ��) of Lord Anouvong of Vientiane (เจ้าอนุวง��์ เวียงจันทน์) and for campaigns during the Siamese-Vietnamese Wars of 1831–1834 and 1841–1845.Chao Phraya Bodindecha (Thai: เจ้าพระยาบดินทรเดชา, Khmer: ���� ������ ��������, 13 January 1776 – 24 June 1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (สิงห์ สิงหเสนี), was a prominent military figure of the early Rattanakosin Kingdom period during the reign of King Rama III. Bodindecha hold the post of Samuha Nayok (สมุหนายก) the Prime Minister of Northern Siam from 1827 to 1849. He was known for his leading roles in putting down the Laotian Rebellion of King Anouvong of Vientiane (กบ��เจ้าอนุวง��์) and Siamese-Vietnamese Wars in 1831–1834 and 1841–1845 (อานัมสยามยุท��). His descendants bear the surname Sinhaseni (สิงหเสนี).\n\n\n== Life ==\nBodindecha was born on 13 January 1776 in modern Phra Nakhon District during the Thonburi Kingdom period, with personal name Sing (lit. \"Lion\"), as the fourth child to Chaophraya Aphairacha Pin. His mother was Lady Fug. His father, Chaophraya Aphairacha Pin, had served as Samuha Kalahom (สมุหกลา��หม) the Prime Minister of Southern Siam from 1805 to 1809 during the reign of King Rama I. Aphairacha had his son Sing become a royal page of Prince Isarasundhorn. The prince was later crowned as King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai and Sing was transferred to the service under Prince Maha Senanurak the Front Palace. He joined his lord in the campaign against Burmese Invasion of Phuket in 1809 and rose through ranks in Front Palace Police Bureau. He was later made Phraya Kasettraraksa the Head of Agriculture Department of the Front Palace.\nIn 1816, during one of the royal barge processions, Bodindecha accidentally had his barges passed across in front of one of the royal barges and faced treason charges. Bodindecha was imprisoned and only through the intervention of Prince Chetsadabodin that he was pardoned and released but relieved of his positions. He went on to serve Prince Chetsadabodin in his mercantile affairs. When Prince Chetsadabodin was crowned as King Rama III in 1824, Bodindecha was made Phraya Ratchasuphawadi the Head of Krom Suratsawadi",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What does the United States think prompted the country of Bodindecha's birth to assist Japan? | [
{
"id": 465684,
"question": "Bodindecha >> place of birth",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 34754,
"question": "What does the U.S. believe caused #2 to help Japan?",
"answer": "blackmail",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | blackmail | [
"Blackmail"
] | true | What does the US believe caused the country where Bodindecha was born to help Japan? |
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