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4hop2__5206_14670_8987_8529 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " due to public perception of the previous German occupation three decades earlier. 137 Czechoslovaks were killed and 500 seriously wounded during the occupation.\nPublic reaction to the invasion was widespread and divided, including within the communist world. Although the majority of the Warsaw Pact supported the invasion along with several other communist parties worldwide, Western nations, along with socialist countries such as Romania, and particularly the People's Republic of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution, accordingly, adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The pace of change, however, was sluggish; the rehabilitation of Stalinist-era victims, such as those convicted in the Slánský trials, may have been considered as early as 1963, but did not take place until 1967.\nIn the early 1960s, Czechoslovakia underwent an economic downturn. The Soviet model of industrialization applied unsuccessfully since Czechoslovakia was already entirely industrialized before World War II, and the Soviet model mainly took into account less developed economies. Novotný's attempt at restructuring the economy, the 1965 New Economic Model, spurred increased demand for political reform as well.\n\n\n=== 1967 Writers' Congress ===\nAs the strict government eased its rules, the Union of Czechoslovak Writers cautiously began to air discontent, and in the union's gazette, Literární noviny, members suggested that literature should be independent of Party doctrine. In June 1967, a small fraction of the Czech writer's union sympathized with radical socialists, specifically LudvíkThe Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.On 20–21 August 1968, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the Hungarian People's Republic. The invasion stopped Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring liberalisation reforms and strengthened the authoritarian wing of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS��).\nAbout 250,000 Warsaw Pact troops (afterwards rising to about 500,000), supported by thousands of tanks and hundreds of aircraft, participated in the overnight operation, which was code-named Operation Danube. The Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance if German troops were involved, due to public perception of the previous German occupation three decades earlier. 137 Czechoslovaks were killed and 500 seriously wounded during the occupation.\nPublic reaction to the invasion was widespread and divided, including within the communist world. Although the majority of the Warsaw Pact supported the invasion along with several other communist parties worldwide, Western nations, along with socialist countries such as Romania, and particularly the People's Republic of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution, accordingly, adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The pace of change, however, was sluggish; the rehabilitation of Stalinist-era victims, such as those convicted in the Slánský trials, may have been considered as early as 1963, but did not take place until 1967.\nIn the early 1960s, Czechoslovakia underwent an economic downturn. The Soviet model of industrialization applied unsuccessfully since Czechoslovakia was already entirely industrialized before World War II, and the Soviet model mainly took into account less developed economies. NovotnThe multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion. People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance if German troops",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of thatIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usuallyThe word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": "Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the timeframe when the term "Slavs" was incorporated into the national anthem of the nation that was militarily unready with its Air Defense Artillery for the onslaught from the country taken over by the Pact? | [
{
"id": 5206,
"question": "Which country did the Pact conquer?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 8529,
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of #3 ?",
"answer": "1943–1992",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | 1943–1992 | [] | true | When was "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the country whose military having the Air Defense Artillery was unprepared for the invasion of the country conquered by the Pact? |
3hop2__304722_590317_63959 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the seasonThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Terry Twell",
"paragraph_text": " place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth. He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game, which finished as a 2–2 draw, conceded four goals in the next, and that was the end of his career in the Football League. He moved into non-league football with Stamford the following year, and was on the books of Bromsgrove Rovers during the 1969–70 season.\nTwell died on 27 February 2013, aged 66.\n\n\n== References ==Terence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.\nTwell was born in Doncaster, which is now in South Yorkshire. He began his football career with Bourne Town, and turned professional with Birmingham City in October 1964. Manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut in place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth. He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game,Terence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.TTerence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.well was born in Doncaster, which is now in South Yorkshire. He began his football career with Bourne Town, and turned professional with Birmingham City in October 1964. Manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut in place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth. He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game, which finished as a 2–2 draw, conceded four goals in the next, and that was the end of his career in the Football League. He moved into non-league football with Stamford the following year, and was on the books of Bromsgrove Rovers during the 1969–70 season.\nTwell died on 27 February 2013, aged 66.\n\n\n== References ==Terence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.\nTwell was born in Doncaster, which is now in South Yorkshire. He began his football career with Bourne Town, and turned professional with Birmingham City in October 1964. Manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut in place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth. He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game,Terence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.Terence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.\nTwell was born in Doncaster, which is now in South Yorkshire. He began his football career with Bourne Town, and turned professional with Birmingham City in October 1964. Manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut in place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth. He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game, which finished as a 2–2 draw, conceded four goals in the next, and that was the end of his career in the Football League. He moved into non-league football with Stamford the following year, and was on the books of Bromsgrove Rovers during the 1969–70 season.\nTwell died on 27 February 2013, aged 66.\n\n\n== References ==Terence Keith \"Terry\" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City. He played as a goalkeeper.\nTwell was born in Doncaster, which is now in South Yorkshire. He began his football career with Bourne Town, and turned professional with Birmingham City in October 1964. Manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut in place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth. He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game, which finished as a 2–2 draw, conceded four goals in the next, and that was the end of his career in the Football League. He moved into non-league football with Stamford the following year, and was on the books of Bromsgrove Rovers during the ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982. Both teams promptly went into decline. Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation battle at Villa Park in March 1986 but were relegated at the end of that season. Villa would be demoted the following campaign. The next time Villa met Blues in a league fixture at Villa Park again was in the Second Division and saw a 2–0 Blues victory. The reverse fixture at St Andrew's was a 2–1 Villa victory with both goals coming from Garry Thompson. The two sides would only meet again in the 1980s in cup competitions. Villa won 7–0 on aggregate when they clashed twice in the 1988–89 League Cup. The same season Villa also won a Full Members Cup clash 6–0.\n\n\n=== The Premier League Era ===\nFollowing the creation of the Premier League, Aston Villa and Birmingham City met twice in the second round of the 1993–94 League Cup. Villa won both matches 1–0. The game at St Andrew's was settled by a Kevin Richardson goal after his keeper Mark Bosnich had saved a penalty from John Frain to keep the game at 0–0. The second leg at Villa Park was notable for a winning goal from Villa's Dean Saunders and a red card for Blues' Paul Tait. Villa went on to win the trophy.\nBlues' promotion to the Premier League in 2002 saw fans eagerly anticipating the first league derbies in 15 years. Blues won both derbies 3–0 and 2–0, respectively. Both matches saw goalkeeping errors by Villa goalkeeper PeterDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's BirminghamDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 \nThe last pre-league FA Cup campaign saw the first competitive \"Second City derby\" occur on Saturday, 5 November 1887. Villa beat Small Heath 4–0 in the fifth round. Tommy Green scored a brace before half-time with Albert Brown and Albert Allen adding to the score in the second half. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. \nThe first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, saw Villa win 2–1 after Birmingham had been promoted to the first division for a two year stint.\nSecond Division Small Heath F.C. took part in the 1900–01 FA Cup, losing in the third round to First division Aston Villa after a replay, Villa's Billy Garraty being the sole scorer over the two fixtures. That season Small Heath finished runners-up in Second Division, so were promoted to the First Division for 1901–02. Villa won 2–0 at Coventry Road Muntz Street with goals by Jack Devey and Joe Bache. In the 1901 Boxing Day fixture, Villa's Jasper McLuckie was the only scorer. At the end of the season Birmingham were relegated back to the Second Division. \nBirmingham were promoted to the First Division in 1903–04 and Second City derbies were played up to 1907–08 when they were relegated. The teams would not meet again in top flight competition until fifteen years later when Birmingham were again promoted to the first division for 1921",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did Terry Twell's team last achieve a victory over the team that won the FA Cup in 194-95? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 590317,
"question": "Terry Twell >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 1 December 2010 | [] | true | When was the last time the team that Terry Twell was a member of beat the 194-95 winner of the FA Cup? |
2hop__704217_82341 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sean Hampton",
"paragraph_text": "Born in Ocala, Florida, Hampton is the youngest of five children of a dentist father and a professional model mother. After graduating high school, Hampton enrolled at Stetson University to pursue a career in law. While in school he not only joined Sigma Nu fraternity (Delta Mu chapter), but caught onto acting. After college he married his current wife Jennifer and the two moved to Los Angeles where they currently reside.Born in Ocala, Florida, Hampton is the youngest of five children of a dentist father and a professional model mother. After graduating high school, Hampton enrolled at Stetson University to pursue a career in law. While in school he not only joined Sigma Nu fraternity (Delta Mu chapter), but caught onto acting. After college he married his current wife Jennifer and the two moved to Los Angeles where they currently reside.Jonathan Forbes (born 4 December 1976 in Dublin) is an Irish actor.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nForbes was born in Dublin, Ireland on 4 December 1976. He attended Gonzaga College where he was in the same class as fellow actor Andrew Scott, before studying English at University College Dublin.\n\n\n== Career ==\nForbes trained at Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, graduating in 2001 as a BBC Carleton Hobbs Award winner.\nIn 2001 he played the lead role in John Deery's debut feature Conspiracy of Silence, for which he was nominated Best New",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ocala, Florida",
"paragraph_text": " Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of Central Florida, and the World Equestrian Center.\n\n\n== History ==\n \nOcala is named after Ocale (also Cale, Etocale, and other variants) a Timucua village and chiefdom recorded in the 16th century, the name of which is believed to mean \"Big Hammock\" in the Timucua language. Another possible meaning of the name is \"song or singer of admiration or glorification\". The Spaniard Hernando de Soto's expedition recorded Ocale in 1539 during his exploration through what is today the southeastern United States. The site of Ocale has not been found, but historians believe it was located in southwestern Marion County, near the Withlacoochee River. References to Ocale, Olagale, and Etoquale occur in 16th and early 17th century sources, but do not specify a location. A Spanish mission named San Luis de EloOcala (/ oʊ ˈkælə / oh - KAL - ə) is a city located in Northern Florida. As of the 2013 census, its population, estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 57,468, making it the 45th most populated city in Florida.rd-most populated city in Florida. Ocala is the principal city of the Ocala metropolitan area, which had a population of 375,908 in 2020.\nHome to over 400 thoroughbred farms and training centers, Ocala is considered the \"Horse Capital of the World\". Notable attractions include the Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of Central Florida, and the World Equestrian Center.\n\n\n== History ==\n \nOcala is named after Ocale (also Cale, Etocale, and other variants) a Timucua village and chiefdom recorded in the 16th century, the name of which is believed to mean \"Big Hammock\" in the Timucua language. Another possible meaning of the name is \"song or singer of admiration or glorification\". The Spaniard Hernando de Soto's expedition recorded Ocale in 1539 during his exploration through what is today the southeastern United States. The site of Ocale has not been found, but historians believe it was located in southwestern Marion County, near the Withlacoochee River. References to Ocale, Olagale, and Etoquale occur in 16th and early 17th century sources, but do not specify a location. A Spanish mission named San Luis de Eloquale was established by 1630. Milanich believes the mission was near the Withlacoochee River. Eloquale is not named in a 1655 list of missions, and Ocale (and its variants) disappears from history.\nIn the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Creek people and other Native Americans, and free and fugitive African Americans sought refuge in Florida. The Seminole people formed. After foreign colonial rule shifted between Spain and Great Britain and back again, in 1821 the United States acquired the territory of Florida. After warfare to the north, in 1827 the U.S. Army built Fort King near the present site of Ocala as a buffer between the Seminole, who had long occupied the area, and white settlers moving into the region. The fort was an important base during the Second Seminole War and later served in 1844 as the first courthouse for Marion County.\nThe modern city of Ocala, which was established in 1849,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which part of Florida was Sean Hampton born? | [
{
"id": 704217,
"question": "Sean Hampton >> place of birth",
"answer": "Ocala",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 82341,
"question": "where is #1 in the state of florida",
"answer": "in Northern Florida",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | in Northern Florida | [
"Northern Florida"
] | true | Where is Sean Hampton's birth place in the state of Florida? |
2hop__562154_69048 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Rosaline Bozimo",
"paragraph_text": " attended St. Maria Goretti Grammar School, Benin City for her Secondary education, and then Urhobo College, Effurun. In September 1970 she was admitted to Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, gaining a degree in law in 1973. She then went to the Nigerian Law School and was called to Bar in 1974.\nAfter National Youth Service in Enugu and Onitsha in the then East Central State, she became a private legal practitioner in 1975. With her husband Alaowei Broderick Bozimo she was a founding partner of Broderick Bozimo & Co.\nShe was briefly a member of the Judiciary of the old Bendel State as a Magistrate, before returning to private law practice (1978–1983). In December 1983 she was again appointed a Magistrate of Bendel State, becoming a Chief Magistrate in August 1988.\nWhen Delta State was created out of the old Bendel State in 1991, she became the first Chairman of the Tenders Board of the High Court of Delta State, and Chief Registrar of the state High Court in September of the same year. In December she was sworn in as a High Court judge.\nThe Military Administrator of Delta State, Colonel Bassey Asuquo, appointed her Chairman of the Armed Robbery and Firearms Tribunal, Effurun, Delta State. She was also chairman, Failed Banks Tribunal, Enugu Zone. \nAfter serving as Administrative Judge in three Judicial Divisions, she was appointed as the Chief Judge of Delta state with effect from 23 March 2003.\n\n\n== Chief Judge, Delta State ==\nIn December 2003 in a bid to ease the congestion in prisons, Rosaline Bozimo set free 59 prisoners awaiting trial. She warned police against dumping suspected criminals in prisons without making real efforts to prosecute them.\nIn September 2007 Bozimo sacked Agbor Chief Magistrate, Mr. Charles Maidoh based on allegations he had been collecting a N5,000 bribe for each application for bail he granted.\nIn November 2007, at the All Nigeria Judges Conference, she spoke about the National Judicial Council (NJC), which is charged with monitoring and evaluating judges. After giving a brief history of the NJC and discussing its roles, she gave a very positive appraisal, stating that standards of judicial conduct were now extremely high throughout Nigeria.\nIn October 2007 Bozimo made a strong case for the financial autonomy of the judiciary in Delta State and canvassed for better working conditions for members of the state's judiciary.\nIn November 2008, Bozimo and Delta State Governor, Emmanuel Uduaghan approved establishment of sanitation mobile courts to prosecute sanitation offenders in the State.\nDue to repeated petitions over electoral irregularities, Bozimo appointed Local Government Election Tribunals for three zones of the state, adding a fourth in August 2009.\n\n\n== References ==Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003.\nShe retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. During the tenure of Walter Onnoghen as the Chief Justice of Nigeria (CJN), she served as the Administrator, National Judicial Institute (NJI).\n\n\n== Background ==\nRosaline Bozimo was born on 1 January 1946 in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State. She attended St. Maria Goretti Grammar School, Benin City for her Secondary education, and then Urhobo College, Effurun. In September 1970 she was admitted to Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, gaining a degree in law in 1973. She then went to the Nigerian Law School and was called to Bar in 1974.\nAfter National Youth Service in Enugu and Onitsha in the then East Central State, she became a private legal practitioner in 1975. With her husband Alaowei Broderick Bozimo she was a founding partner of Broderick Bozimo & Co.\nShe was briefly a member of the Judiciary of the old Bendel State as a Magistrate, before returning to private law practice (1978–1983). In December 1983 she was again appointed a Magistrate of Bendel State, becoming a Chief Magistrate in August 1988.\nWhen Delta State was created out of the old Bendel State in 1991, she became the first Chairman of the Tenders Board of the High Court of Delta State, and Chief Registrar of the state High Court in September of the same year. In December she was sworn in as a High Court judge.\nThe Military Administrator of Delta State, Colonel Bassey Asuquo, appointed her Chairman of the Armed Robbery and Firearms Tribunal, Effurun, Delta State. She was also chairman, Failed BanksRosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith.RRosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. During the tenure of Walter Onnoghen as the Chief Justice of Nigeria (CJN), she served as the Administrator, National Judicial Institute (NJI).\n\n\n== Background ==\nRosaline Bozimo was born on 1 January 1946 in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State. She attended St. Maria Goretti Grammar School, Benin City for her Secondary education, and then Urhobo College, Effurun. In September 1970 she was admitted to Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, gaining a degree in law in 1973. She then went to the Nigerian Law",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "DeltaWomen",
"paragraph_text": " primary aim of transforming women in Delta State by providing them with the knowledge and tools they need to take their rightful place in society.\n\n\n== History of DeltaWomen ==\n\n\n=== 19 April 2010 ===\nSince its creation DeltaWomen as grown rapidly, thanks to national and international volunteers at the organisation. The organisation now has offices and presence in Delta State, Nigeria, where it was created;Delta Women is a non-governmental organization founded primarily to enable the women of Delta State, Nigeria. The organization advocates for women rights, creates awareness and holds seminars on child abuse and campaigns on female sexual harassment in higher educational institutions.DDelta Women is a non-governmental organization founded primarily to enable the women of Delta State, Nigeria. The organization advocates for women rights, creates awareness and holds seminars on child abuse and campaigns on female sexual harassment in higher educational institutions. abuse and campaigns on female sexual harassment in higher educational institutions. \nThe organization is involved in awareness creation through blogging, publications, open letters and the use of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter\nDeltaWomen was set up with the primary aim of transforming women in Delta State by providing them with the knowledge and tools they need to take their rightful place in society.\n\n\n== History of DeltaWomen ==\n\n\n=== 19 April 2010 ===\nSince its creation DeltaWomen as grown rapidly, thanks to national and international volunteers",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who holds the position of Chief Judge in the location of DeltaWomen's main branch? | [
{
"id": 562154,
"question": "DeltaWomen >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Delta State",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 69048,
"question": "who is the chief judge of #1",
"answer": "Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith | [] | true | Who is the Chief Judge in the place where DeltaWomen's headquarters in located? |
3hop2__90098_84553_10557 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.",
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"idx": 1,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_text": " the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiated diplomatic contact with the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 790s, due to their mutual interest in Iberian affairs.\nIn 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner to the line of Holy Roman Emperors, which persisted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion, which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign began a period of cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.\nCharlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest at Aachen Cathedral in Aachen, his imperial capital city. He was succeeded by his only surviving son, Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom was divided and eventually coalesced into West- and East Francia, which later became France and the Holy Roman Empire, respectively. Charlemagne's profound impact on the Middle Ages and influence on the territory he ruled has led him to be called the \"Father of Europe\" by many historians. He is seen as a founding figure by multiple European states and a number of historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artworks, monuments and literature during and after the medieval period and is venerated by the Catholic Church.\n\n\n== Name ==\nSeveral languages were spoken in Charlemagne's world, and he was known to contemporaries as Karlus in the Old High German he spoke; as Karlo to Romance speakers; and as Carolus (or Karolus) in Latin, the formal language of writing and diplomacy. Charles is the modern English form of these names. The name Charlemagne, as the emperor is normally known in English, comes from the French Charles-le-magne ('Charles the Great'). In modern German, he is known as Karl der Große. The Latin epithet magnus ('great') may have been associated with himCharlemagne (/ ��������rl��me��n /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.CharCharlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. and social changes that had lasting impact on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.\nA member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin's death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father's policy of protecting the papacy and became its chief defender, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy in 774. His reign saw a period of expansion that led to the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiated diplomatic contact with the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 790s, due to their mutual interest in Iberian affairs.\nIn 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner to the line of Holy Roman Emperors, which persisted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion, which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign began a period of cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.\nCharlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest at Aachen Cathedral in Aachen, his imperial capital city. He was succeeded by his only surviving son, Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom was divided and eventually coalesced into West- and East Francia, which later became France and the Holy Roman Empire, respectively. Charlemagne's profound impact on the Middle Ages and influence on the territory he ruled has led him to be called the \"Father of Europe\" by many historians. He is seen as a founding figure by multiple European states and a number of historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artworks, monuments and literature during and after the medieval period and is venerated by the Catholic Church.\n\n\n== Name ==\nSeveral languages were spoken in Charlemagne's world, and he was known to contemporaries as Karlus in the Old High German he spoke; as Karlo to Romance speakers; and as Carolus (or Karolus) in Latin, the formal language of writing and diplomacy. Charles is the modern English form of these names. The name Charlemagne, as the emperor is normally known in English, comes from the French Charles-le-magne ('Charles the Great'). In modern German, he is known as Karl der Große. The Latin epithet magnus ('great') may have been associated with himCharlemagne (/ ��������rl��me��n /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.Charlemagne ( SHAR-lə-mayn, -��MAYN; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814. He united most of Western and Central Europe, and was the first recognised emperor to rule in the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne's reign was marked by political and social changes that had lasting impact on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.\nA member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin's death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father's",
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] | What was the language that the surname Sylvester originates from, and was used during the reign of the person who became the Roman Emperor in 800, known as? | [
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 84553,
"question": "who built a european empire and was crowned emperor of the romans in 800",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the form of the language where the last name Sylvester originates, used in the era of the individual crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800, later known as? |
2hop__598467_68489 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Night Rocker",
"paragraph_text": " in the Knight Rider episode \"Let It Be Me\".\nThe album reached number one in Austria and was certified Platinum. It also reached the top 30 in Germany.\n\n\n== Cover artwork ==\nOn the album's front cover, Hasselhoff poses on top of the hood of a black third-generation Pontiac Firebird (the same car used as KITT in the original Knight Rider series in which Hasselhoff starred) and holds a black and white Aria Pro II ZZ.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nNight Rocker on davidhasselhoffonline.comNight Rocker is the debut studio album by the American actor David Hasselhoff. It was released in January 1985 on Silver Blue Records, produced by record producer Joel Diamond.\nThe album features three duets with Catherine Hickland: \"Our First Night Together\", \"No Way to Be in Love\" and \"Let It Be Me\"; all three songs were featured in the Knight Rider episode \"Let It Be Me\".\nThe album reached number one in Austria and was certified Platinum. It also reached the top 30 in Germany.\n\n\n== Cover artwork ==\nOn the album's front cover, Hasselhoff poses on top of the hood of a black third-generation Pontiac Firebird (the same car used as KITT in the original Knight Rider series in which Hasselhoff starred) and holds a black and white Aria Pro II ZZ.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\nNight Rocker is the debut studio album by the American actor David Hasselhoff. It was released in January 1985 on Silver Blue Records, produced by record producer Joel Diamond.NNight Rocker is the debut studio album by the American actor David Hasselhoff. It was released in January 1985 on Silver Blue Records, produced by record producer Joel Diamond.The album features three duets with Catherine Hickland: \"Our First Night Together\", \"No Way to Be in Love\" and \"Let It Be Me\"; all three songs were featured in the Knight Rider episode \"Let It Be Me\".\nThe album reached number one in Austria and was certified Platinum. It also reached the top 30 in Germany.\n\n\n== Cover artwork ==\nOn the album's front cover, Hasselhoff poses on top of the hood of a black third-generation Pontiac Firebird (the same car used as KITT in the original Knight Rider series in which Hasselhoff starred) and holds",
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"idx": 7,
"title": "Snapper Foster",
"paragraph_text": " selected to portray Snapper. Espy played the character for about two years before leaving the show in 1975.\nThen-unknown actor David Hasselhoff was picked to replace Espy. Snapper would be Hasselhoff's first major TV role. He spent six years playing the character before leaving The Young and the Restless in 1982 to star in the TV show Knight Rider. Hasselhoff's decision to quit the soap opera was one of the major factors that led to Bell phasing out the Foster family (sans the youngest sibling Jill) and turning the focus to relatively newer characters likeSnapper Foster is a fictional character on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. An original character since the show's inception, the role was played by William Gray Espy from March 26, 1973 to July 1975, and David Hasselhoff from 1975 to May 1982. Espy briefly reprised the character from February 28, 2003 to March 5, 2003, and Hasselhoff briefly reprised the role from June 15 -- 21, 2010. 15–21, 2010.\n\n\n== Conception and casting ==\nWith The Young and the Restless originally conceived as focusing on two core families, the wealthy Brookses and the poor Fosters, Snapper was designed as the oldest son of the latter. As a student going through medical school, the character was given the nickname \"Snapper\" because of his personality of quickly snapping on people with whom he disagreed.\nSince show co-creator William J. Bell wanted to hire relatively unknown actors for his original cast, William Gray Espy was eventually selected to portray Snapper. Espy played the character for about two years before leaving the show in 1975.\nThen-unknown actor David Hasselhoff was picked to replace Espy. Snapper would be Hasselhoff's first major TV role. He spent six years playing the character before leaving The Young and the Restless in 1982 to star in the TV show Knight Rider. Hasselhoff's decision to quit the soap opera was one of the major factors that led to Bell phasing out the Foster family (sans the youngest sibling Jill) and turning the focus to relatively newer characters like Victor Newman.\nEspy reprised Snapper for a few episodes in 2003, revolving around a storyline where his sister Jill discovers that she was actually adopted by the Fosters as a child. Hasselhoff would then later be invited back to play Snapper again for a few episodes in 2010. Reacting to the invitation, he said:\n\nIn 1976 [sic], Bill Bell, creator of America's No. 1 soap opera, took a chance on a young and very green actor. Playing Snapper in 850 shows during the six years I appeared molded my craft, my attitude and my work ethic. Being asked to come back to appear in several episodes gives me a chance to say thanks, as I have an amazing amount of respect and heartfelt emotion for Bill, his family and my time on 'Young and the Restless.'\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== 1973–1982 ===\nAs the series opened up in 1973, 24-year-old medical student Snapper Foster was juggling his feelings for two women: Chris Brooks the daughter of newspaper mogul Stuart Brooks; and Sally McGuire, a waitress who worked at Pierre's.\nStuart was not thrilled when Snapper caught the eye of his trusting daughter, Chris. Stuart was less offended by Snapper's blue-collar roots than by his indifference to Chris. Handsome Snapper was not only putting himself through medical school, but being \"man of the family\" after his father, William \"Bill\" Foster, deserted them seven years earlier. As the eldest son, Snapper was helping his mom Liz Foster who worked as a factory worker, put his brother Greg through law school and keeping a big-brother eye on his sister Jill Foster who dreamed of being a fashion model while working as a beautician. Liz wished the best for all her children and encouraged Snapper to pursue a nice, well-bred girl like Chris. However, with enough obligations already, Snapper preferred to keep his freedom. However, Snapper was already seeing Sally McGuire. One evening, Chris invited Snapper to the Brooks home for dinner but he didn't show. After a day at school and work he had visited Sally, fell asleep and she conveniently forgot to wake him as he had asked. His half-truth—that he fell asleep after a full day—satisfied Chris enough to get her through the hurt of disappointment. Stuart, however, grew more displeased with Snapper. When Stuart learned that Snapper was seeing Sally, he was quick to tell Chris that Snapper was cheating on her. Chris moved out and went to work as a secretary for Snapper's brother Greg, unaware that Stuart had financially helped his new law practice in return for her employment. When she found out, she angrily quit. Greg was especially saddened because he had fallen in love with Chris.\nChris was raped by a man named George Curtis and the rape left her traumatized until she found it hard to make love with Snapper and refused to have sex with him even though she loved him very much. Snapper showed a great deal of patience and respect for Chris, offering her emotional support but finding his own sexual pleasure with lover Sally. Sally had fallen in love with Snapper, too, and was desperate to keep him. In spite of her friend Brad Eliot's advice that she'd only end up getting hurt, Sally decided to use a desperate single woman's oldest trick. She threw away her birth control pills and got pregnant by Snapper. Meanwhile, Snapper was growing more and more fond of Chris. He broke off with Sally without knowing he would be the father of",
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] | What character was portrayed by the artist from Night Rocker in the series Young and Restless? | [
{
"id": 598467,
"question": "Night Rocker >> performer",
"answer": "David Hasselhoff",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 68489,
"question": "who did #1 play on young and restless",
"answer": "Snapper Foster",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Snapper Foster | [] | true | Who did the performer from Night Rocker play on Young and Restless? |
2hop__731956_126089 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "North Holland",
"paragraph_text": "orth Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland, pronounced [��no��rt ������l��nt] ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of January 2023, it had a population of about 2,952,000 and a total area of 4,092 km2 (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,429 km2 (552 sq mi) is water.\nFrom the 9th to the 16th century, the area was an integral part of the County of Holland. During this period West Friesland was incorporated. In the 17th and 18th centuries,The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.North Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland, pronounced [��no��rt ������l��nt] ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of January 2023, it had a population of about 2,952,000 and a total area of 4,092 km2 (1,580 sq mi), of which 1,429 km2 (552 sq mi) is water.\nFrom the 9th to the 16th century, the area was an integral part of the County of Holland. During this period West Friesland was incorporated. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the area was part of the province of Holland and commonly known as the Noorderkwartier (English: \"Northern Quarter\"). In 1840, the province of Holland was split into the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland. In 1855, the Haarlemmermeer was drained and turned into land.\nThe provincial capital is Haarlem (pop. 161,265). The province's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam, with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Arthur van Dijk, who has been serving since 2019. There are 45 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. The busiest airport in the Netherlands and Europe's third-busiest airport",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Castricum",
"paragraph_text": " the Battle of Castricum.\nThe municipalities of Akersloot and Limmen merged into the municipality of Castricum on 1 January 2002.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Castricum is made up of the towns, villages and districts of: Castricum, Akersloot, Bakkum, De Woude and Limmen.\n\n\n== Transportation ==\nThe town is served by Castricum railway station. It has regular trains to Amsterdam, with a journey time of 28 minutes.\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Castricum consists of 25 seats which, after the 2022 election, divided as follows:\n\nLokaal Vitaal – 6 seats\nVVD – 4 seats\nGreen Left – 4 seats\nDe Vrije Lijst – 3 seats\nPvdA – 2 seat\nCDA – 2 seats\nD66 – 2 seats\nForza! – 2 seats\nAfter 2022 the college van burgemeester en wethouders (the municipal board) was formed by Lokaal Vitaal, VVD, Green Left and CDA.\n\n\n== Castricum aan Zee ==\n\nCastricum aan Zee is the seaside resort of Castricum. It is located on the North Sea coast at 52.5563°N 4.6077°E / 52.5563; 4.6077. It used to be called Bakkum aan Zee, and mainly consists of holiday homes, camping sites and the occasional house. Duincamping BCastricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It draws in a fair share of tourists who mainly come to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. In Castricum's vicinity there is also the lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest which offers various sailing and windsurfing opportunities.CastrCastricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It draws in a fair share of tourists who mainly come to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. In Castricum's vicinity there is also the lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest which offers various sailing and windsurfing opportunities. landscape. Lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest is in the vicinity, with facilities for sailing and windsurfing.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOn 6 October 1799, a Franco-Dutch army under Guillaume Brune defeated an Anglo-Russian army under Ralph Abercromby and the Duke of York in the Battle of Castricum.\nThe municipalities of Akersloot and Limmen merged into the municipality of Castricum on 1 January 2002.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Castricum is made up of the towns, villages and districts of: Castricum, Akersloot, Bakkum, De Woude and Limmen.\n\n\n== Transportation ==\nThe town is served by Castricum railway station. It has regular trains to Amsterdam, with a journey time of 28 minutes.\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Castricum consists of 25 seats which, after the 2022 election, divided as follows:\n\nLokaal Vitaal – 6 seats\nVVD – 4 seats\nGreen Left – 4 seats\nDe Vrije Lijst – 3 seats\nPvdA – 2 seat\nCDA – 2 seats\nD66 – 2 seats\nForza! – 2 seats\nAfter 2022 the college van burgemeester en wethouders (the municipal board) was formed by Lokaal Vitaal, VVD, Green Left and CDA.\n\n\n== Castricum aan Zee ==\n\nCastricum aan Zee is the seaside resort of Castricum. It is located on the North Sea coast at 52.5563°N 4.6077°E / 52.5563; 4.6077. It used to be called Bakkum aan Zee, and mainly consists of holiday homes, camping sites and the occasional house. Duincamping BCastricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It draws in a fair share of tourists who mainly come to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. In Castricum's vicinity there is also the lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest which offers various sailing and windsurfing opportunities.Castricum (Dutch pronunciation: [��k��strik��m] ) is a municipality and a town in the province of North Holland in the Netherlands.\nCastricum is a seaside town in the province of North Holland. It attracts tourists who come mainly to visit the beach and nearby dune landscape. Lake of Alkmaar-Uitgeest is in the vicinity, with facilities for sailing and windsurfing.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOn 6 October 1799, a Franco-Dutch army under Guillaume Brune defeated an Anglo-Russian army under Ralph Abercromby and the Duke of York in the Battle of Castricum.\nThe municipalities of Akersloot and Limmen merged into the municipality of Castricum on 1 January 2002.\n\n\n== Population centres ==\nThe municipality of Castricum is made up of the towns, villages and districts of: Castricum, Akersloot, Bakkum, De Woude and Limmen.\n\n\n== Transportation ==\nThe town is served by Castricum railway station. It has regular trains to Amsterdam, with a journey time of 28 minutes.\n\n\n== Local government ==\nThe municipal council of Castricum consists of 25 seats which, after the 2022 election, divided as follows:\n\nLokaal Vitaal – 6 seats\nVVD – 4 seats\nGreen Left – 4 seats\nDe Vrije Lijst – 3 seats\nPvdA – 2 seat\nCDA – 2 seats\nD66 – 2 seats\nForza! – 2 seats\nAfter 2022 the college van burgemeester en wethouders (the municipal board) was formed by Lokaal Vitaal, VVD, Green Left and CDA.\n\n\n== Castricum aan Zee ==\n\nCastricum aan Zee is the seaside resort of Castricum. It is located on the North Sea coast at 52.5563°N 4.6077°E / 52.5563; 4",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who held authority over the location known as Castricum? | [
{
"id": 731956,
"question": "Castricum >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "North Holland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 126089,
"question": "Who was in charge of #1 ?",
"answer": "Johan Remkes",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Johan Remkes | [] | true | Who was in charge of the place where Castricum is located? |
4hop1__342858_131850_33952_34088 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as SentinelTucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Yuma, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": "The City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census. post office in Yuma has been in operation since 1885. The community was named after a Native American named Yuma who worked for the railroad, died and was buried near the town site. \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": ", Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20thTracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Yuma County Library District",
"paragraph_text": " establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board of Directors has the authority to set the Library District’s tax rate.\nThe Board of Trustees consists of nine members who are appointed by the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors. Board of Trustee positions are honorary and without compensation. Their primary function is to promote the development and improvement of Library District services. The Trustees recommend library policies to the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors.\nThe Library District is primarily funded by real property taxes.The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.The Yuma County Library District (YCLD) serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today, the library districtThe Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma. as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.\nEach library features books, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, CDs, DVDs, Internet access, printing, and copying services. Programs and classes for all ages are offered throughout the year, including storytimes, summer reading, technology training and assistance, and topics of local interest.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Library District's mission statement is \"Yuma County Library District is your center for information",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which location does the city with the second highest population in the same state as Yuma's Library District host NASCAR events? | [
{
"id": 342858,
"question": "Yuma >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Yuma County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 131850,
"question": "Which state is #1 Library District located?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 33952,
"question": "What is the second largest city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 34088,
"question": "Where does #3 hold NASCAR races?",
"answer": "Tucson Raceway Park",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Tucson Raceway Park | [
"Tucson, Arizona",
"Tucson"
] | true | Where does the second largest city in the state where Yuma's Library District is located hold NASCAR races? |
4hop2__161324_14670_8987_8529 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": "Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army toIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as T",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania",
"paragraph_text": " negotiations, Germany and Lithuania signed a border treaty, which left Klaip��da on the Lithuanian side. However, tensions began rising in the 1930s after Nazi Germany replaced the Weimar Republic. An especially tense period came in February 1934 when the Lithuanian government arrested dozens of pro-Nazi activists. In response to these arrests and trials, Germany declared a boycottThe 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral ultimatum which Joachim von Ribbentrop, Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania on 20 March 1939. The Germans demanded that Lithuania give up the Klaip��da Region (also known as the Memel Territory) which had been detached from Germany after World War I, or the Wehrmacht would invade Lithuania. The Lithuanians had been expecting the demand after years of rising tension between Lithuania and Germany, increasing pro-Nazi propaganda in the region, and continued German expansion. It was issued just five days after the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. The 1924 Klaip��da Convention had guaranteed the protection of the status quo in the region, but the four signatories to that convention did not offer any material assistance. The United Kingdom and France followed a policy of appeasement, while Italy and Japan openly supported Germany, and Lithuania was forced to accept the ultimatum on 22 March. It proved to be the last territorial acquisition for Germany before World War II, producing a major downturn in Lithuania's economy and escalating pre-war tensions for Europe as a whole.On 20 March 193The 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral ultimatum which Joachim von Ribbentrop, Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania on 20 March 1939. The Germans demanded that Lithuania give up the Klaipėda Region (also known as the Memel Territory) which had been detached from Germany after World War I, or the Wehrmacht would invade Lithuania. The Lithuanians had been expecting the demand after years of rising tension between Lithuania and Germany, increasing pro-Nazi propaganda in the region, and continued German expansion. It was issued just five days after the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. The 1924 Klaipėda Convention had guaranteed the protection of the status quo in the region, but the four signatories to that convention did not offer any material assistance. The United Kingdom and France followed a policy of appeasement, while Italy and Japan openly supported Germany, and Lithuania was forced to accept the ultimatum on 22 March. It proved to be the last territorial acquisition for Germany before World War II, producing a major downturn in Lithuania's economy and escalating pre-war tensions for Europe as a whole. Klaip��da dispute ==\n\nKlaip��da (German: Memel), an important seaport in East Prussia, was detached from Germany by Article 28 of the Treaty of Versailles and was governed by the Allies according to Article 99. France assumed administration of the region while Lithuania continued to lobby for its control, claiming that it should belong to Lithuania as it had a significant Lithuanian population (see Lithuania Minor) and was that country's only access to the Baltic Sea. Poland also laid claim to the territory. As the Allies were hesitant to make a decision and it seemed that the region would remain a free state much like the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania took the initiative and organized the Klaip��da Revolt in January 1923. Soviet Russia and Germany supported the action. The region, as an autonomous territory with its own parliament (Klaip��da Parliament), was attached to Lithuania. The region covered about 2,400 square kilometres (930 sq mi) and had a population of approximately 140,000.\nDuring the 1920s, Lithuania and Germany maintained a relatively normal relationship as they were united by anti-Polish sentiment. In January 1928, after long and difficult negotiations, Germany and Lithuania signed a border treaty, which left Klaip��da on the Lithuanian side. However, tensions began rising in the 1930s after Nazi Germany replaced the Weimar Republic. An especially tense period came in February 1934 when the Lithuanian government arrested dozens of pro-Nazi activists. In response to these arrests and trials, Germany declared a boycottThe 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral ultimatum which Joachim von Ribbentrop, Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania on 20 March 1939. The Germans demanded that Lithuania give up the Klaip��da Region (also known as the Memel Territory) which had been detached from Germany after World War I,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and was legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.\nIn chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.\n\nMauritania was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a country's economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, debt bondage is a common form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).\nAccording to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *SlověThe word \"Slavs\" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the term "Slavs" incorporated into the national anthem of the nation whose military division, comparable to the Air Defense Artillery in the United States, was not ready for the Nazi invasion? | [
{
"id": 161324,
"question": "What territory did the Nazi occupy?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 8529,
"question": "When was the word \"Slavs\" used in the national anthem of #3 ?",
"answer": "1943–1992",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 1943–1992 | [] | true | A country's military branch, the equivalent of which in the US contains the Air Defense Artillery, was unprepared for the invasion of the country occupied by the Nazi's. When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the unprepared country? |
4hop3__373866_5189_38229_86687 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution, accordingly, adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The pace of change, however, was sluggish; the rehabilitation of Stalinist-era victims, such as those convicted in the Slánský trials, may have been considered as early as 1963, but did not take place until 1967.\nIn the early 1960s, Czechoslovakia underwent an economic downturn. The Soviet model of industrialization applied unsuccessfully since Czechoslovakia was already entirely industrialized before World War II, and the Soviet model mainly took into account less developed economies. Novotný's attempt at restructuring the economy, the 1965 New Economic Model, spurred increased demand for political reform as well.\n\n\n=== 1967 Writers' Congress ===\nAs the strict government eased its rules, the Union of Czechoslovak Writers cautiously began to air discontent, and in the union's gazette, Literární noviny, members suggested that literature should be independent of Party doctrine. In June 1967, a small fraction of the Czech writer's union sympathized with radical socialists, specifically LudvíkThe Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also aThe Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces. People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Hero of Socialist Labour (Albania)",
"paragraph_text": " references ==\n[2] Full list of honorary titles given in Albania in the 1945-1990 periodThe Hero of Socialist Labour (Albanian: Hero i Punës Socialiste; Heroinë e PunHero of Socialist Labour () was an honorary title in Albania and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture. It provided a similar status to the title People's Hero of Albania that was awarded for heroic deeds, but unlike the latter, was awarded to citizens who contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promoted the might and the glory of Albania. contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promoted the might and the glory of Albania.\nThe title was introduced by the decree of the Albanian parliament in 1954 and extended to agricultural workers with a law in 1961. Only the Albanian parliament could deprive a person of this title.\n\n\n== See also ==\nOrders, decorations and medals of Albania\nHero of the People\n\n\n== Notes and references ==\n[2] Full list of honorary titles given in Albania in the 1945-1990 periodThe Hero of Socialist Labour (Albanian: Hero i Punës Socialiste; Heroinë e Punës Socialiste) was an honorary title in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and other Eastern Bloc countries.\nIt was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture. It provided a similar status to the title Hero of the People that was awarded for heroic deeds, but unlike the latter, was awarded to citizens who contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promoted the might and the glory of Albania.\nThe title was introduced by the decree of the Albanian parliament in 1954 and extended to agricultural workers with a law in 1961. Only the Albanian parliament could deprive a person of this title.\n\n\n== See also ==\nOrders, decorations and medals of Albania\nHero of the People\n\n\n== Notes and references ==\n[2] Full list of honorary titles given in Albania in the 1945-1990 periodThe Hero of Socialist Labour (Albanian: Hero i Punës Socialiste; Heroinë e Punës Socialiste) was an honorary title in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and other Eastern Bloc countries",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": " the entry of the US into World War II in 1941. After further promotion Eisenhower oversaw the Allied invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany. After the war ended in Europe, he served as military governor of the American-occupied zone of Germany (1945), Army Chief of Staff (1945–1948), president of Columbia University (1948–1953), and as the first supreme commander of NATO (1951–1952).\nIn 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a Republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft, who opposed NATO. Eisenhower won that year's election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating Adlai Stevenson II. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to contain the spread of communism and reduce federal deficits. In 1953, he considered using nuclear weapons to end the Korean War and may have threatened China with nuclear attack if an armistice was not reached quickly. China did agree and an armistice resulted, which remains in effect. His New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized \"inexpensive\" nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions. He continued Harry S. Truman's policy of recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate government of China, and he won congressional approval of the Formosa Resolution. His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the First Indochina War. After the French left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. He supported regime-changing military coups in Iran and Guatemala orchestrated by his own administration. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and heTwo controversies during the campaign tested him and his staff, but did not affect the campaign. One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust. Nixon spoke out adroitly to avoid potential damage, but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates. The second issue centered on Eisenhower's relented decision to confront the controversial methods of Joseph McCarthy on his home turf in a Wisconsin appearance. Just two weeks prior to the election, Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there. He promised to maintain a strong commitment against Communism while avoiding the topic of NATO; finally, he stressed a corruption-free, frugal administration at home.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "German reunification",
"paragraph_text": "Horst Teltschik, Kohl's foreign policy advisor, later recalled that Germany would have paid ``100 billion deutschmarks ''if the Soviets demanded it. The USSR did not make such great demands, however, with Gorbachev stating in February 1990 that`` The Germans must decide for themselves what path they choose to follow''. In May 1990 he repeated his remark in the context of NATO membership while meeting Bush, amazing both the Americans and Germans. This removed the last significant roadblock to Germany being free to choose its international alignments, though Kohl made no secret that he intended for the reunified Germany to inherit West Germany's seats in NATO and the EC. of south German states joined the North German Confederation with the ceremonial proclamation of the German Empire i.e. the German Reich having 25 member states and led by the Kingdom of Prussia of Hohenzollerns on 18 January 1871; the event was later celebrated as the customary date of the German Empire's foundation, although the legally meaningful events relevant to the accomplishment of unification occurred on 1 January 1871 (accession of South German states and constitutional adoption of the name \"German Empire\") and 4 May 1871 (entry into force of the permanent Constitution of the German Empire).\nDespite the legal, administrative, and political disruption caused by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking people of the old Empire had a common linguistic, cultural, and legal tradition. European liberalism offered an intellectual basis for unification by challenging dynastic and absolutist models of social and political organization; itsHorst Teltschik, Kohl's foreign policy advisor, later recalled that Germany would have paid ``100 billion deutschmarks ''if the Soviets demanded it. The USSR did not make such great demands, however, with Gorbachev stating in February 1990 that`` The Germans must decide for themselves what path they choose to follow''. In May 1990 he repeated his remark in the context of NATO membership while meeting Bush, amazing both the Americans and Germans. This removed the last significant roadblock to Germany being free to choose its international alignments, though Kohl made no secret that he intended for the reunified Germany to inherit West Germany's seats in NATO and the EC.The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [��d����t��ə ����a��n��������] ) was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part). It commenced on 18 August 1866 with adoption of the North German Confederation Treaty establishing the North German Confederation, initially a military alliance de facto dominated by Prussia which was subsequently deepened through adoption of the North German Constitution. \nThe process symbolically concluded when most of south German states joined the North German Confederation with the ceremonial proclamation of the German Empire i.e. the German Reich having 25 member states and led by the Kingdom of Prussia of Hohenzollerns on 18 January 1871; the event was later celebrated as the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the nation that had control over an association, including the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, consent to the inclusion of a unified Germany within the coalition, that was deliberately unmentioned by Eisenhower during his electoral campaign? | [
{
"id": 373866,
"question": "People's Socialist Republic of Albania >> member of",
"answer": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 5189,
"question": "Which nation was in effective control of both political and military functions of #1 ?",
"answer": "the USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 38229,
"question": "What topic did Eisenhower not discuss during the campaign?",
"answer": "NATO",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 86687,
"question": "when did the #2 agree to a unified germany inside of #3",
"answer": "May 1990",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | May 1990 | [
"1990"
] | true | A group of nations of which the People's Socialist Republic of Albania was a member was controlled by one country. When did that country agree to a unified Germany inside of the organization Eisenhower would not discuss during the campaign? |
2hop__227031_144857 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Raymond Carver",
"paragraph_text": " a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice Carter (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and a heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943.\nCarver was educated at local schools in Yakima. In his spare time, he read mostly novels by Mickey Spillane or publications such as Sports Afield and Outdoor Life, and hunted and fished with friends and family.\nAfter graduating from Yakima High School in 1956, Carver worked with his father at a sawmill in California. In June 1957, at age 19, he married 16-year-old Maryann Burk, who had just graduated from a private Episcopal school for girls. Their daughter, Christine La Rae, was born in December 1957. Their second child, a boy named Vance Lindsay, was born a year later. Carver worked as a delivery man, janitor, library assistant, and sawmill laborer, while Maryann worked as an administrative assistant, high school English teacher, salesperson, and waitress.\n\n\n== Writing career ==\nCarver moved to Paradise, California, with his family in 1958 to be close to his mother-in-law. He became interested in writing while attending Chico State College and enrolled in a creative writing course taught by the novelist John Gardner, then a recent doctoral graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, who became a mentor and had a major influence on Carver's life and career. In 1961, Carver's first published story, \"The Furious Seasons\", appeared. More florid than his later work, the story strongly bore the influence of William Faulkner. \"Furious Seasons\" was later used as a title for a collection of stories published by Capra Press, and is part of the collection, No Heroics, Please and Call If You Need Me.\nCarver continued his studies under the short story writer Richard Cortez Day (alumnus of the Iowa program) beginning in autumn 1960 at Humboldt State College in Arcata. He chose not to take the foreign language courses required by the English program and received a B.A. in general studies in 1963. During this period he was first published and served as editor for Toyon, the college's literary magazine, in which he published several of his own pieces under his own name as well as the pseudonym John Vale.\nWith his B-minus average, exacerbated by his penchant to forsake coursework for literary endeavors, ballasted by a sterling recommendation from Day, Carver was accepted into the Iowa Writers' Workshop on a $1,000 fellowship for the 1963–1964 academic year. Homesick for California and unable to fully adjust to the program's upper middle class milieu, he only completed 12 credits out of the 30 required for a M.A. degree or 60 for the M.F.A. degree. Although program director Paul Engle awarded him a fellowship for a second year of study after Maryann Carver personally interceded and compared her husband's plight to Tennessee Williams' deleterious experience in the program three decades earlier, Carver decided to leave the University of Iowa at the end of the semester. According to biographer Carol Sklenicka, Carver falsely claimed to have received an M.F.A. from Iowa in 1966 on later curricula vitae. Maryann, who postponed completing her education to support her husband's educational and literary endeavors, eventually graduated from San Jose State College in 1970 and taught English at Los Altos High School until 1977. After completing graduate work at Stanford, she briefly enrolled in the University of California, Santa Barbara's English doctoral program when Carver taught at the institution as a visiting lecturer in 1974.\nIn the mid-1960s, Carver and his family resided in Sacramento, where he briefly worked at a bookstore before taking a position as a night custodian at Mercy Hospital. He did all of the janitorial work in the first hour and then wrote through the rest of his shift. He audited classes at what was then Sacramento State College, including workshops with poet Dennis Schmitz. Carver and Schmitz soon became friends, and Carver wrote and published his first book of poems, Near Klamath, under Schmitz's guidance.\n1967 was a landmark year for Carver with the appearance of \"Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?\" in Martha Foley's annual Best American Short Stories anthology and the impending publication of Near Klamath by the English Club of Sacramento State College. He briefly enrolled in the library science graduate program at the University of Iowa that summer but returned to California following the death of his father. Shortly thereafter,Carver was born in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943.Carver was born in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Raymond Carver bibliography",
"paragraph_text": "The bibliography of Raymond Carver consists of 72 short stories, 306 poems, a novel fragment, a one-act play, a screenplay co-written with Tess Gallagher, and 32 pieces of non-fiction (essays, a meditation, introductions, and book reviews). In 2009 the 17 stories collected in \"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love\" were published in their manuscript form, prior to Gordon Lish's extensive editing, under the title \"Beginners\".The bibliography of Raymond Carver consists of 72 short stories, 306 poems, a novel fragment, a one-act play, a screenplay co-written with Tess Gallagher, and 32 pieces of non-fiction (essays, a meditation, introductions, and book reviews). In 2009 the 17 stories collected in \"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love\" were published in their manuscript form, prior to Gordon Lish's extensive editing, under the title \"Beginners\".The bibliography of Raymond Carver consists of 72 short stories, 306 poems, a novel fragment, a one-act play, a screenplay co-written with Tess Gallagher, and 32 pieces of",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which city was the birthplace of Tess Gallagher's husband? | [
{
"id": 227031,
"question": "Tess Gallagher >> spouse",
"answer": "Raymond Carver",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 144857,
"question": "What is the name of the city #1 was born in?",
"answer": "Clatskanie",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Clatskanie | [
"Clatskanie, Oregon"
] | true | What is the name of the city where Tess Gallagher's spouse was born in? |
3hop1__426806_42197_18397 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Victor Denisov",
"paragraph_text": "Victor L. Denisov (Victor Leonovich Denisov) (17 January 1944, Moscow, USSR) – a Russian playwright. The author of 33 plays. Known for depicting reality in forms and displays that are not typical to the Russian theater. A member of the Moscow Writers Union (1995) and of the Theater Workers Union of the Russian Federation. A specialist in American 20th century drama. A translator of more than 20 plays from English, as well as of novels, novellas, short stories and essays. Ph.D. in philology (1982).Victor L. Denisov (Victor Leonovich Denisov) (17 January 1944, Moscow, USSR) – a Russian playwright. The author of 33 plays. Known for depicting reality in forms and displays that are not typical to the Russian theater. A member of the Moscow Writers Union (1995) and of the Theater Workers Union of the Russian Federation. A specialist in American 20th century drama. A translator",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests that the civilian portion of the death toll may have gone as high as 70%, compared to Lewy's estimates of 42% in World War II and 30%–46% in the Vietnam War. Data compiled by the Peace Research Institute Oslo lists just under 1 million battle deaths over the course of the Korean War (with a range of 644,696 to 1.5 million) and a mid-value estimate of 3 million total deaths (with a range of 1.5 million to 4.5 million), attributing the difference to excess mortality among civilians from one-sided massacres, starvation, and disease. Compounding this devastation for Korean civilians, virtually all major cities on the Korean Peninsula were destroyed as a result of the war. In both per capita and absolute terms, North Korea was the country most devastated by the war. According to Charles K. Armstrong, the war resulted in the death of an estimated 12%–15% of the North Korean population (c. 10 million), \"a figure close to or surpassing the proportion of Soviet citizens killed in World War II\".\n\nThere were numerous atrocities and massacres of civilians throughout the Korean War committed by both sides, starting in the war's first days. In 2005–2010, a South Korean Truth and Reconciliation Commission investigated atrocities and other human rights violations through much of the 20th century, from the Japanese colonial period through the Korean War and beyond. It excavated some mass graves from the Bodo League massacres and confirmed the general outlines of those political executions. Of the Korean War-era massacres the commission was petitioned to investigate, 82% were perpetrated by South Korean forces, with 18% perpetrated by North Korean forces.\nThe commission also received petitions alleging more than 200 large-scale killings of South Korean civilians by the U.S. military during the war, mostly air attacks. It confirmed several such cases, including refugees crowded into a cave attacked with napalm bombs, which survivors said killed 360 people, and an air attack that killed 197 refugees gathered in a field in the far south. It recommended South Korea seek reparations from the United States, but in 2010, a reorganized commission under a new, conservative government concluded that most U.S. mass killings resulted from \"military necessity\", while in a small number of cases, they concluded, the U.S. military had acted with \"low levels of unlawfulness\", but the commission recommended against seeking reparations.\n\n\n== Abuse of prisoners of war ==\n\n\n=== Chinese POWs ===\n\nChinese sources claim at Geoje prison camp on Geoje Island, Chinese POWs experienced anti-communist lecturing and missionary work from secret agents from the U.S. and Taiwan. Pro-communist POWs experienced torture, cutting off of limbs, or were executed in public. Being forced to write confession letters and receiving tattoos of an anti-communism slogan and Flag of the Republic of China were also commonly seen, in case any wanted to go back to mainland China. Pro-communist POWs who could not endure the torture formed an underground group to fight the pro-nationalist POWs secretly by assassination, which led to the Geoje uprising. The rebellion captured Francis Dodd, and was suppressed by the 187th Infantry Regiment.\nIn the end, 14,235 Chinese POWs went to Taiwan and fewer than 6,000 POWs returned to mainland China. Those who went to Taiwan are called \"righteous men\" and experienced brainwashing again and were sent to the army or were arrested; while the survivors who returned to mainland China were welcomed as a \"hero\" first, but experienced anti-brainwashing, strict interrogation, and house arrest eventually, after the tattoos were discovered. After 1988, the Taiwanese government allowed POWs to go back to mainland China and helped remove anti-communist tattoos; while the mainland Chinese government started to allow mainland Chinese prisoners of war to return from Taiwan.\n\n\n=== UN Command POWs ===\nThe United States reported that North Korea mistreated prisoners of war: soldiers were beaten, tortured, starved, put to forced labor, marched to death, and summarily executed.\nThe KPA killed POWs at the battles for Hill 312, Hill 303, the Pusan Perimeter, Daejeon and Sunchon; these massacres were discovered afterwards by the UN forces. Later, a U.S. Congress war crimes investigation, the United States Senate Subcommittee on Korean War Atrocities of the Permanent Subcommittee of the Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, reported that \"two-thirds of all American prisoners of war in Korea died as a result of war crimes\".\nAlthough the Chinese rarely executed prisoners of war like their North Korean counterparts, mass starvation and diseases swept through the Chinese-run POW camps during the winter of 1950–51. About 43% of U.S. POWs died during this period. The Chinese defended their actions by stating that all Chinese soldiers during this period were suffering mass starvation and diseases because of logistical difficulties. The UN POWs said that most of the Chinese camps were located near the easily supplied Sino-Korean border and that the Chinese withheld food to force the prisoners to accept the communism indoctrination programs. According to Chinese reports, over a thousand U.S. POWs died by the end of June 1951, while a dozen British POWs died, and all Turkish POWs survived. According to Hastings, wounded U.S. POWs died for lack of medical attention and were fed a diet of corn and millet \"devoid of vegetables, almost barren of proteins, minerals, or vitamins\" with only 1/3 the calories of their usual diet. Especially in early 1951, thousands of prisoners lost the will to live and \"declined to eat the mess of sorghum and rice they were provided\".\n\nThe unpreparedness of U.S. POWs to resist heavy communist indoctrination during the Korean War led to the Code of the United States Fighting Force which governs how U.S. military personnel in combat should act when they must \"evade capture, resist while a prisoner or escape from the enemy\".\nNorth Korea may have detained up to 50,000 South Korean POWs after the ceasefire.:��141�� Over 88,000 South Korean soldiers were missing and the KPA claimed they captured 70,000 South Koreans.:��142�� However, when ceasefire negotiations began in 1951, the KPA reported they held only 8,000 South Koreans. The UN Command protested the discrepancies and alleged that the KPA were forcing South Korean POWs to join the KPA. The KPA denied such allegations. They claimed their POW rosters were small because many POWs were killed in UN air raids and that they had released ROK soldiers at the front. They insisted only volunteers were allowed to serve in the KPA.:��143�� By early 1952, UN negotiators gave up trying to get back the missing South Koreans. The POW exchange proceeded without access to South Korean POWs who were not on the PVA/KPA rosters.\nNorth Korea continued to claim that any South Korean POW who stayed in the North did so voluntarily. However, since 1994, South Korean POWs have been escaping North Korea on their own after decades of captivity. As of 2010, the South Korean Ministry of Unification reported that 79 ROK POWs escaped the North. The South Korean government estimates 500 South Korean POWs continue to be detained in North Korea. The escaped POWs have testified about their treatment and written memoirs about their lives in North Korea. They report they were not told about the POW exchange procedures and were assigned to work in mines in the remote northeastern regions near the Chinese and Russian border.:��31�� Declassified Soviet Foreign Ministry documents corroborate such testimony.\n\n\n== National Defense Corps incident ==\n\nIn December 1950, the South Korean National Defense Corps was founded; the soldiers were 406,000 drafted citizens. In the winter of 1951, 50,000 to 90,000 South Korean National Defense Corps soldiers starved to death while marching southward under the PVA offensive when their commanding officers embezzled funds earmarked for their food. This event is called the National Defense Corps Incident. Although his political allies certainly profited from corruption, it remains controversial if Syngman Rhee was personally involved in or benefited from the corruption.\n\n\n== Bombing of North Korea ==\n\nThe initial bombing attack on North Korea was approved on the fourth day of the war, 29 June 1950, by General Douglas MacArthur immediately upon request by the commanding general of the Far East Air Forces (FEAF), George E. Stratemeyer. Major bombing began in late July. U.S. airpower conducted 7,000 close support and interdiction airstrikes that month, which helped slow the North Korean rate of advance to 3 km (2 mi) per day. On 12 August 1950, the USAF dropped 625 tons of bombs on North Korea; two weeks later, the daily tonnage increased to some 800 tons.\nThe U.S. dropped a total of 635,000 tons of bombs, including 32,557 tons of napalm, on Korea, more than during the entire Pacific War. North Korea ranks alongside Cambodia (500,000 tons), Laos (2 million tons) and South Vietnam (4 million tons) as among the most heavily bombed countries in history, with Laos suffering the most extensive bombardment relative to its size and population.\n\nAlmost every substantial building in North Korea was destroyed as a result. The war's highest-ranking U.S. POW, Major General William F. Dean, reported that the majority of North Korean cities and villages he saw were either rubble or snow-covered wasteland. North Korean factories, schools, hospitals, and government offices were forced to move underground, and air defenses were \"non-existent\". In May 1953, five major North Korean dams were bombed. According to Charles K. Armstrong, the bombing of these dams and ensuing floods threatened several million North Koreans with starvation, although large-scale famine was averted with emergency aid provided by North Korea's allies. General Matthew Ridgway said that except for air power, \"the war would have been over in 60 days with all Korea in Communist hands\". UN air forces flew 1,040,708 combat and combat support sorties during the war. FEAF flew the majority at 710,886 (69.3% of sorties), with the U.S. Navy performing 16.1%, the U.S. Marine Corps 10.3%, and 4.3% by other allied air forces.\nAs well as conventional bombing, the communist side claimed that the U.S. used biological weapons. These claims have been disputed; Conrad Crane asserts that while the U.S. worked towards developing chemical and biological weapons, the U.S. military \"possessed neither the ability, nor the will\", to use them in combat.\nIn the eyes of North Koreans, as well as some observers, the deliberate targeting",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who declared they would step into the Korean conflict, having argued that Victor Denisov's country of citizenship had become an imperial power itself? | [
{
"id": 426806,
"question": "Victor Denisov >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 42197,
"question": "Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?",
"answer": "Mao Zedong",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 18397,
"question": "Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?",
"answer": "the Politburo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | the Politburo | [
"Politburo"
] | true | Where did who argued that the country of citizenship of Victor Denisov had itself beome an imperialist power declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict? |
2hop__84172_198548 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Murder in Texas",
"paragraph_text": "urder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, or conspires with the principal.\n\n\n== Penalties ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nCapital punishment in Texas\nCommon purpose\nCrime in Texas\nJudiciary of Texas\nLaw of Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Notes ==Murder in Texas law constitutes the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Texas.\nThe United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2020, the state had a murder rate slightly above the median for the entire country.\n\n\n== Felony murder rule ==\nThe felony murder rule in Texas, codified in Texas Penal Code § 19.02(b)(3), states that a person commits murder if he or she \"commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, they commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual.\"\nThe felony murder rule is sometimes confused with the law of parties, which states that a person can be criminally responsible for the actions of another by aiding or abeting, orMurder in Texas is a 1981 television film starring Katharine Ross, Sam Elliott, Farrah Fawcett, and Andy Griffith. The film was directed by William Hale, and was based on a true story; that was written for the TV screen by John McGreevey. It first aired on television in two parts on Sunday and Monday May 3-4, 1981.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Smokey Bear",
"paragraph_text": "Washington, D.C., radio station WMAL personality Jackson Weaver served as the primary voice representing Smokey until Weaver's death in October 1992. Others who have provided a voice to Smokey include Jim Cummings, Roger C. Carmel, Jack Angel, Los Angeles radio station KNX's George Walsh, and Gene Moss. In June 2008, the Forest Service launched a new series of public service announcements voiced by actor Sam Elliott, simultaneously giving Smokey a new visual design intended to appeal to young adults. Patrick Warburton provides the voice of an anonymous park ranger.Washington, D.C., radio station WMAL personality Jackson Weaver served as the primary voice representing Smokey until Weaver's death in October 1992. Others who have provided a voice to Smokey include Jim Cummings, Roger C. Carmel, Jack Angel, Los Angeles radio station KNX's George Walsh, and Gene Moss. In June 2008, the Forest Service launched a new series of public service announcements voiced by actor Sam Elliott, simultaneously giving Smokey a new visual design intended to appeal to young adults. Patrick Warburton provides the voice of an anonymous park ranger.Smoked beer (German: Rauchbier) is a type of beer with a distinctive smoke flavour imparted by using malted barley dried over an open flame.\n\n\n== History ==\nDrying malt over an open flame in a smoke kiln may impart a smoky character to the malt. This character may carry over to beers brewed with the smoked malt. Before the modern era, drying malted barley in direct sunlight was used in addition to drying over flames. Even though hot air kiln drying of malt, using indirect heat, did not enter into widespread usage until the industrial era, the method was known as early as the first century BC. Also, there have been various methods over the years of preparing cereal grains for brewing, including making beer from bread, so smoked beer was not universal.\nBeginning in the 18th century, hot air kiln drying of malt became progressively more common and, by the mid-19th century, had become the near-universal method for drying malted grain. Since the hot air kiln method prevents any smoke from coming into contact with wet malt, a smoky flavour is not imparted to the grain, nor to the subsequent beer. As a result, smoke flavour in beer became less and less common, and eventually disappeared almost entirely from the brewing world.\n\n\n== Bamberg Rauchbier ==\n\nCertain breweries maintained the smoked beer tradition by continuing to use malt which had been dried over open flames. The malt is dried over fires made from beechwood logs. The malt and fermenting beer are stored under the pub and brewery in a part of the catacombs of Bamberg, a maze of tunnels under the city built from the 11th century onward, which have a very stable moisture and temperature. In former times, ice was used to cool the fermenting beer tank room, the Lagerkeller. This ice was locally harvested above ground in the winter, although when the winter was too mild, ice was imported from as far away as Finland or Sweden. The beer is then filtered to clarify it and remove yeast remnants, and put into oaken vats. Two brewpubs in Bamberg, Germany, Schlenkerla and Spezial, have continued this type of smoked beer production for more than a century. Several varieties of Rauchbier (\"smoked beer\" in German) are produced by these companies. Both are still in operation today, alongside seven other breweries in the same town. Since the rauchbier tradition was continuously preserved in Bamberg, the beer style is now marketed as Bamberg Rauchbier. \nDue to the popularity of craft beer in recent years, smoke-flavoured industrially-produced malts became available, and so the style has been attempted worldwide, including in its heartland of Franconia and Bamberg. Schlenkerla and Spezial, however, use a traditional, elaborate way of smoke malting. In 2017 Slow Food included these two Rauchbiere in their Ark of Taste.\nThe Brewers Association distinguishes three variations of Bamberg-style Rauchbier: Helles , Märzen, and Bock. Each is brewed according to the underlying style, but with smoked malts replacing some or all of the mash bill.\n\n\n== Grodziskie ==\n\nGrodziskie or Grätzer are similar, traditional smoked beers from Poland, but made from wheat and highly carbonated, and with a perhaps older history, although they saw a period of no production in the late 1990s.\nGrodziskie traditionally contain 2.7–3.7% alcohol by volume with little to no hop flavor or aroma, and medium-low to medium bitterness. Typical coloration is straw to gold.\n\n\n== Smoked beers outside Germany and Poland ==\nIn Australia, the Feral Brewing Company and Nail Brewing, both in Western Australia, make a smoked porter. In addition Gulf Brewery, in South Australia, make a Smoke Stack rauchbier.\nIn Belgium, the Dupont Brewery produces Triomfbier Vooruit,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the individual providing the voice for the character Smokey the Bear? | [
{
"id": 84172,
"question": "who does the voice for smokey the bear",
"answer": "Sam Elliott",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 198548,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Katharine Ross",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Katharine Ross | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the person who does the voice for Smokey the Bear? |
2hop__124932_278133 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Gurdwara Guru ka Bagh",
"paragraph_text": " to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAkal Takht\nTakht Sri Keshgarh Sahib\nTakht Sri Damdama Sahib\nTakht Sri Hazur Sahib\nTakhat Shiri Patna Sahib\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGurdwara Guru ka Bagh\nSri Dasam Granth , The Sri Dasam Granth Sahib websiteAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAkal Takht\nTakht Sri Keshgarh Sahib\nTakht Sri Damdama Sahib\nTakht Sri Hazur Sahib\nTakhat Shiri Patna Sahib\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGurdwara Guru ka Bagh\nSri Dasam Granth , The Sri Dasam Granth Sahib websiteAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAkal Takht\nTakht Sri Keshgarh Sahib\nTakht Sri Damdama Sahib\nTakht Sri Hazur Sahib\nTakhat Shiri Patna Sahib\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGurdwara Guru ka Bagh\nSri Dasam Granth , The Sri Dasam Granth Sahib websiteAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, andAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists.AbAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists. exists.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAkal Takht\nTakht Sri Keshgarh Sahib\nTakht Sri Damdama Sahib\nTakht Sri Hazur Sahib\nTakhat Shiri Patna Sahib\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGurdwara Guru ka Bagh\nSri Dasam Granth , The Sri Dasam Granth Sahib websiteAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAkal Takht\nTakht Sri Keshgarh Sahib\nTakht Sri Damdama Sahib\nTakht Sri Hazur Sahib\nTakhat Shiri Patna Sahib\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGurdwara Guru ka Bagh\nSri Dasam Granth , The Sri Dasam Granth Sahib websiteAbout three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jujhar Singh",
"paragraph_text": " Nanakshahi Calendar.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe died in battle during the Second Battle of Chamkaur Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was born on March 14, 1691, in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. His parents were Mata Jito Ji and his Father was the 10 Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was also the second son of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. He was only 14 when he met his martyrdom after watching his brother's death.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nSikh hagiographer, Rattan Singh Bhangu, compared Jujhar Singh's sacrifice at the Battle of Chamkaur to the death of Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata epic, as both fought and died defending their father. He writes Jujhar Singh as thinking the following whilst engaging the Mughal forces in battle: \"How can a son live while his father confronts death in battle?\"\nIndian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has paid homage to the Chaar Sahibazde on various occasions, particularly during the celebration of their bravery and sacrifice on Veer Bal Diwas (Day of Brave Children). Veer Bal Diwas is observed in honour of the Chaar Sahibzaade, who are remembered greatly amongst Sikhs across the globe.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAjit Singh\nZorawar Singh\nFateh Singh\nMartyrdom in Sikhism\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nKuir Singh Gurbilds Pdtshdhi 10. Patiala, 1968\nChhibbar, Kesar Singh, Rnnsdvalindma Dasdn Pdlshdhldn Kd. ChandigarSahibzada Jujhar Singh (14 March 1691 – 22 December 1705), the second son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar).Jujhar Singh\n(Punjabi: ��������������������Sahibzada Jujhar Singh (14 March 1691 – 22 December 1705), the second son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar).�d���� d������jä���� s��́��g���]; 9 April 1691 – 23 December 1704), the second son of Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe died in battle during the Second Battle of Chamkaur Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was born on March 14, 1691, in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. His parents were Mata Jito Ji and his Father was the 10 Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was also the second son of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. He was only 14 when he met his martyrdom after watching his brother's death.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nSikh hagiographer, Rattan Singh Bhangu, compared Jujhar Singh's sacrifice at the Battle of Chamkaur to the death of Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata epic, as both fought and died defending their father. He writes Jujhar Singh as thinking the following whilst engaging the Mughal forces in battle: \"How can a son live while his father confronts death in battle?\"\nIndian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has paid homage to the Chaar Sahibazde on various occasions, particularly during the celebration of their bravery and sacrifice on Veer Bal Diwas (Day of Brave Children). Veer Bal Diwas is observed in honour of the Chaar Sahibzaade, who are remembered greatly amongst Sikhs across the globe.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAjit Singh\nZorawar Singh\nFateh Singh\nMartyrdom in Sikhism\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nKuir Singh Gurbilds Pdtshdhi 10. Patiala, 1968\nChhibbar, Kesar Singh, Rnnsdvalindma Dasdn Pdlshdhldn Kd. ChandigarSahibzada Jujhar Singh (14 March 1691 – 22 December 1705), the second son of Guru Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar).Jujhar Singh\n(Punjabi: �������������������� ���������� ��������, pronunciation: [sä������bd����ä��d���� d������jä���� s��́��g���]; 9 April 1691 – 23 December 1704), the second son of Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi Calendar.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe died in battle during the Second Battle of Chamkaur Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was born on March 14, 1691, in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab. His parents were Mata Jito Ji and his Father was the 10 Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. Baba Jujhar Singh Ji was also the second son of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib Ji. He was only 14 when he met his martyrdom after watching his brother's death.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nSikh hagiographer, Rattan Singh Bhangu, compared Jujhar Singh's sacrifice at the Battle of Chamkaur to the death of Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata epic, as both fought and died defending their father. He writes Jujhar Singh as thinking the following whilst engaging the Mughal forces in battle: \"How can a son live while his father confronts death in battle?\"\nIndian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has paid homage to the Chaar Sahibazde on various occasions, particularly during the celebration of their bravery and sacrifice on Veer Bal Diwas (Day of Brave Children). Veer Bal Diwas is observed in honour of the Chaar Sahibzaade, who are remembered greatly amongst Sikhs across the globe.\n\n\n== See also ==\nAjit Singh\nZorawar Singh\nFateh Singh\nMartyrdom in Sikhism\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nKuir Singh Gurbilds Pdtshdhi 10. Patiala, 1968\nChhibbar, Kesar Singh, Rnnsdvalindma Dasdn Pdlshdhldn Kd. Chandigarh, 1972\nGian Singh, Giani, Panth Prakd",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal grandfather of Jujhar Singh? | [
{
"id": 124932,
"question": "Who was the dad of Jujhar Singh?",
"answer": "Guru Gobind Singh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 278133,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Guru Tegh Bahadur",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | Guru Tegh Bahadur | [] | true | Who was the father of Jujhar Singh's father? |
2hop__827995_159109 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Cape Verde",
"paragraph_text": " of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment. Its population of around 596,000 (as of 2022) is of mostly African and a minor European heritage, and predominantly Roman Catholic, reflecting the legacy of Portuguese rule. A sizeable Cape Verdean diaspora community exists across the world, especially in the United States and Portugal, considerably outnumbering the inhabitants on the islands. Cape Verde is a member state of the African Union.\nCape Verde's official language is Portuguese. The recognized national language is Cape Verdean Creole, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population. As of the 2021 census the most populated islands were Santiago, where the capital Praia is located (269,370), São Vicente (74,016), Santo Antão (36,632), Fogo (33,519) and Sal (33,347). The largest cities are Praia (137,868), Mindelo (69,013), Espargos (24,500) and Assomada (21,297).\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe country is named after the Cap-Vert peninsula, on the Senegalese coast. The name Cap-Vert, in turn, comes from the Portuguese language Cabo Verde ('green cape'), theCape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [��kabu ��ve��d��]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi). Cape Verde archipelago was uninhabited until the 15th century, when Portuguese explorers discovered and colonized the islands, thus establishing the first European settlement in the tropics. Because the Cape Verde islands were conveniently located to play a role in the Atlantic slave trade, Cape Verde became economically prosperous during the 16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, privateers, and pirates. It declined economically in the 19th century after the suppression of the Atlantic slave trade by the British Empire, and many of its inhabitants emigrated during that period. However, Cape Verde gradually recovered economically by becoming an important commercial center and useful stopover point along major shipping routes. Cape Verde became independent in 1975.\nSince the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable representative democracy and has remained one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment. Its population of around 596,000 (as of 2022) is of mostly African and a minor European heritage, and predominantly Roman Catholic, reflecting the legacy of Portuguese rule. A sizeable Cape Verdean diaspora community exists across the world, especially in the United States and Portugal, considerably outnumbering the inhabitants on",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Amílcar Cabral International Airport",
"paragraph_text": "1950, DC-4 service on Alitalia began on a Rome — Sal — Buenos Aires — Caracas route. In 1961 jet service (a DC-8) on the route rendered the stop at Sal unnecessary, and international service was suspended.\nBetween 1960 and 1967 Sal was a stop of the Voo da amizade (Friendship Flight), a dedicated service between Brazil and Portugal. It was operated from 1960 to 1965 by Panair do Brasil and from 1965 to 1967 by TAP-Transportes Aéreos Portugueses and Varig. Only Brazilian and Portuguese citizens or foreigners with permanent residence in Brazil or Portugal could purchase tickets for those flights, which were extremely popular due toAmílcar Cabral International Airport , also known as Sal International Airport, is the main international airport of Cabo Verde. The airport is named after the revolutionary leader Amílcar Cabral. It is located two km west-southwest from Espargos on Sal Island. Sal was the main hub for the national airline, TACV; now it serves as a base for carrier Cabo Verde Express. This airport was also one of NASA's locations for a facility to handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit.AAmílcar Cabral International Airport , also known as Sal International Airport, is the main international airport of Cabo Verde. The airport is named after the revolutionary leader Amílcar Cabral. It is located two km west-southwest from Espargos on Sal Island. Sal was the main hub for the national airline, TACV; now it serves as a base for carrier Cabo Verde Express. This airport was also one of NASA's locations for a facility to handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit. handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first airport on Sal Island was built in 1939 by Italy, as a fuel and provisions stopping-point on routes from Europe to South America. The first flight, an arrival from Rome and Seville, was on 15 December 1939. As a consequence of World War II, the Italian involvement in the airport project ceased. After World War II, the Portuguese colonial government purchased the airport from Italy and by 1949 the airport was fully operational. In 1950, DC-4 service on Alitalia began on a Rome — Sal — Buenos Aires — Caracas route. In 1961 jet service (a DC-8) on the route rendered the stop at Sal unnecessary, and international service was suspended.\nBetween 1960 and 1967 Sal was a stop of the Voo da amizade (Friendship Flight), a dedicated service between Brazil and Portugal. It was operated from 1960 to 1965 by Panair do Brasil and from 1965 to 1967 by TAP-Transportes Aéreos Portugueses and Varig. Only Brazilian and Portuguese citizens or foreigners with permanent residence in Brazil or Portugal could purchase tickets for those flights, which were extremely popular due toAmílcar Cabral International Airport , also known as Sal International Airport, is the main international airport of Cabo Verde. The airport is named after the revolutionary leader Amílcar Cabral. It is located two km west-southwest from Espargos on Sal Island. Sal was the main hub for the national airline, TACV; now it serves as a base for carrier Cabo Verde Express. This airport was also one of NASA's locations for a facility to handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit.Amílcar Cabral International Airport (IATA: SID, ICAO: GVAC), also known as Sal International Airport, is the main international airport of Cape Verde. The airport is named after the revolutionary leader Amílcar Cabral. It is located two km west-southwest from Espargos on Sal Island. Sal is the main hub for the national airline, Cabo Verde Airlines; and serves as a base for carrier Cabo Verde Express. This airport was also one of NASA's locations for a facility to handle the Space Shuttle after reentering from orbit.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first airport on Sal Island was built in 1939 by Italy, as a fuel and provisions stopping-point on routes from Europe to South America. The first flight, an arrival from Rome and Seville, was on 15 December 1939. As a consequence of World War II, the Italian involvement in the airport project ceased. After World War II, the Portuguese colonial government purchased the airport from Italy and by 1949 the airport was fully operational. In 1950, DC-4 service on Alitalia began on a Rome — Sal — Buenos Aires — Caracas route. In 1961 jet service (a DC-8) on the route rendered the stop at Sal unnecessary, and international service was suspended.\nBetween 1960 and 1967 Sal was a stop of the Voo da amizade (Friendship Flight), a dedicated service between Brazil and Portugal. It was operated from 1960 to 1965 by Panair do Brasil and from 1965 to 1967 by TAP-Transportes Aéreos Portugueses and Varig. Only Brazilian and Portuguese citizens or foreigners with permanent residence in Brazil or Portugal could purchase tickets for those flights, which were extremely popular due to their low fares. At this time, Cape Verde was a Portuguese Overseas Province and therefore part of the territory of Portugal.\nFrom 1963 to 1975, the Portuguese Air Force's No 1 Transit Airfield (AT1, Aeródromo de Trânsito n.º 1) was installed at the Sal airport. The AT1 supported the military air connections between European Portugal and the Portuguese African provinces, as well as serving as the operational base for the maritime patrol aircraft occasionally deployed in Cape Verde.\nBeginning in 1967, Sal was used as a refueling stop by South African Airways, for flights to and from Europe, since SAA was denied landing rights by most African countries due to the international boycott of apartheid. By 1983, SAA operated 13 round trips per week between Sal and Johannesburg, using the island as a stop for its Boeing 747 services to New York, Houston, London, Brussels and Amsterdam. The island saw as many as 36 SAA flights per week in the mid-1980s, but this number was cut dramatically following the imposition of US sanctions in 1987. By 1996 only one weekly SAA flight stopped at Sal (service between Johannesburg and New York). Sal was later used as a fuel stop on SAA's Atlanta service starting in 2003. SAA's final flight to Atlanta was on 1 July 2006",
"is_supporting": true
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] | What is the location of Amílcar Cabral International Airport? | [
{
"id": 827995,
"question": "Amílcar Cabral International Airport >> country",
"answer": "Cabo Verde",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
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"id": 159109,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "central Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
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] | central Atlantic Ocean | [
"Atlantic Ocean",
"Atlantic"
] | true | Where is Amílcar Cabral International Airport? |
2hop__682872_516436 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Parallel Worlds (book)",
"paragraph_text": "Parallel Worlds: A Journey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, and the Future of the Cosmos is a popular science book by Michio Kaku first published in 2004.Parallel Worlds: A Journey Through Creation, Higher Dimensions, and the Future of the Cosmos is a",
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"idx": 2,
"title": "Physics of the Future",
"paragraph_text": " and energy production. The book was on the New York Times Bestseller List for five weeks.PhysicsPhysics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100 is a 2011 book by theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, author of \"Hyperspace\" and \"Physics of the Impossible\". In it Kaku speculates about possible future technological development over the next 100 years. He interviews notable scientists about their fields of research and lays out his vision of coming developments in medicine, computing, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and energy production. The book was on the New York Times Bestseller List for five weeks. how he hopes his predictions for 2100 will be as successful as science fiction writer JulesPhysics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100 is a 2011 book by theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, author of \"Hyperspace\" and \"Physics of the Impossible\". In it Kaku speculates about possible future technological development over the next 100 years. He interviews notable scientists about their fields of research and lays out his vision of coming developments in medicine, computing, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and energy production. The book was on the New York Times Bestseller List for five weeks.Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100 is a 2011 book by theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, author of Hyperspace and Physics of the Impossible. In it Kaku speculates about possible future technological development over the next 100 years. He interviews notable scientists about their fields of research and lays out his vision of coming developments in medicine, computing, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and energy production. The book was on the New York Times Bestseller List for five weeks.\nKaku writes how he hopes his predictions for 2100 will be as successful as science fiction writer Jules Verne's 1863 novel Paris in the Twentieth Century. Kaku contrasts Verne's foresight against U.S. Postmaster General John Wanamaker, who in 1893 predicted that mail would still be delivered by stagecoach and horseback in 100 years' time, and IBM chairman Thomas J. Watson, who in 1943 is alleged to have said \"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.\" Kaku points to this long history of failed predictions against progress to underscore his notion \"that it is very dangerous to bet against the future\".\n\n\n== Contents ==\nEach chapter is sorted into three sections: Near future (2000-2030), Midcentury (2030-2070), and Far future (2070-2100). Kaku notes that the time periods are only rough approximations, but show the general time frame for the various trends in the book.\n\n\n=== Future of the Computer: Mind over Matter ===\nKaku begins with Moore's law, and compares a chip that sings \"Happy Birthday\" with the Allied forces in 1945, stating that the chip contains much more power, and that \"Hitler, Churchill, or Roosevelt might have killed to get that chip.\" He predicts that computer power will increase to the point where computers, like electricity, paper, and water, \"disappear into the fabric of our lives, and computer chips will be planted in the walls of buildings.\"\nHe also predicts that glasses and contact lenses will be connected to the internet, using similar technology to virtual retinal displays. Cars will become driverless due to the power of the GPS system. This prediction is supported by the results of the Urban Challenge. The Pentagon hopes to make 1��3 of the United States ground forces automated by 2015. Technology similar to BrainGate will eventually allow humans to control computers with tiny brain sensors, and \"like a magician, move objects around with the power of our minds.\"\n\n\n=== Future of AI: Rise of the Machines ===\nKaku discusses robotic body parts, modular robots, unemployment caused by robots, surrogates and avatars (like their respective movies), and reverse engineering the brain. Kaku goes over the three laws of robotics and their contradictions. He endorses a \"chip in robot brains to automatically shut them off if they have murderous thoughts\", and believes that the most likely scenario is one in which robots are free to wreak havoc and destruction, but are designed to desire benevolence.\n\n\n=== Future of Medicine: Perfection and Beyond ===\nKaku believes that in the future, reprogramming one's genes can be done by using a specially programmed virus, which can activate genes that slow the aging process. Nanotech sensors in a room will check for various diseases and cancer, nanobots will be able to inject drugs into individual cells when diseases are found, and advancements in extracting stem cells will be manifest in the art of growing new organs. The idea of resurrecting an extinct species might now be biologically possible.\n\n\n=== Nanotechnology: Everything from Nothing? ===\nKaku discusses programmable matter, quantum computers, carbon nanotubes, and the possibility of replicators. He also expects a variety of nanodevices that search and destroy cancer cells cleanly, leaving normal cells intact.\n\n\n=== Future of Energy: Energy from the Stars ===\nKaku discusses the draining of oil on the planet by pointing to the Hubbert curve, and the rising problem of immigrants who wish to live the American dream of wasteful energy consumption. He predicts that hydrogen and solar energy will be the future, noting how Henry Ford and Thomas Edison bet on whether oil or electricity would dominate, and describing fusion with lasers or magnetic fields, and dismisses cold fusion as \"a dead end\". Kaku suggests that nations are reluctant to deal with global warming because the extravagance of oil, being the cheapest source of energy, encourages economic growth. Kaku believes that in the far future, room-temperature superconductors will usher the era of magnet-powered floating cars and trains.\n\n\n=== Future of Space Travel: To the Stars ===\nUnlike conventional chemical rockets which use Newton's third law of motion, solar sails take advantage of radiation pressure from stars. Kaku believes that after sending a gigantic solar sail into orbit, one could install lasers on the moon, which would hit the sail and give it extra momentum.\nAnother alternative is to send thousands of nanoships, of which only a few would reach their destination. \"Once arriving on a nearby moon, they could create a factory to make unlimited copies of themselves,\" says Kaku. Nanoships would require very little fuel to accelerate. They could visit the stellar neighborhood by floating on the magnetic fields of other planets.\n\n\n=== Future of Wealth: Winners and Losers ===\nKaku discusses how Moore's law of robotics will affect the future of capitalism, which nations will survive and grow, and how the United States is \"brain-draining\" off of immigrants to fuel their economy.\n\n\n=== Future of Humanity: Planetary Civilization ===\nKaku ranks the civilization of the future, with classifications based on energy consumption, entropy, and information processing. Kaku stated that humans with an average economic growth may attain planetary civilization status in 100 years, \"unless there is a natural catastrophe or some calamitous act of folly, it is inevitable that we will\nenter this phase of our collective history\".\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe book got mixed reviews, and was generally regarded as having interesting insights that were delivered in an over-optimistic but bland style.\nKirkus Reviews stated \"The author’s scientific expertise will engage readers too sophisticated for predictions based on psychic powers or astrology.\" Reviewers at Library Journal have stated, \"This work is highly recommended for fans of Kaku’s previous books and for readers interested in science and robotics.\"\nThe Wall Street Journal considers it a \"largely optimistic view of the future\". The Telegraph complained that \"[Physics of the Future] is partisan about technology in a way that smacks of Gerard K. O'Neill’s deliriously technocratic vision of space exploration, The High Frontier.\" The Guardian stated \"despite the relentless technological optimism, Kaku does conjure up a genuinely exciting panorama of revolutionary science and magical technology\".\nThe New York Times complained the book's style is often \"dull and charmless\", but acknowledged it had the ability to \"enthrall and frighten\" as well. Writing in Physics Today, physicist Neil Gershenfeld said that the book has “an appealing premise” but describes “a kind of future by committee” populated by “science-fiction staples”. Gershenfeld said, “",
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] | In what industry does the writer of Parallel Worlds operate? | [
{
"id": 682872,
"question": "Parallel Worlds >> author",
"answer": "Michio Kaku",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
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"id": 516436,
"question": "#1 >> field of work",
"answer": "physic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
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] | physic | [
"Physic"
] | true | What field does the author of Parallel Worlds work in? |
2hop__39231_17335 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": " In science, the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes are exemplary. Sculpture during this period was characterized by intense emotion and dynamic movement, as seen in sculptural works like the Dying Gaul and the Venus de Milo. A form of Hellenistic architecture arose which especially emphasized the building of grand monuments and ornate decorations, as exemplified by structures such as the Pergamon Altar. The religious sphere of Greek religion expanded through syncretic facets to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele, and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\nScholars and historians are divided as to which event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. There is a wide chronological range of proposed dates that have included the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by the expansionist Roman Republic in 146 BC following the Achaean War, the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, the end of the reign of the emperor Hadrian in AD 138, and the move by the emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in AD 330. Though this scope of suggested dates demonstrates a range of academic opinion, a generally accepted date by scholarship has been that of 31/30 BC.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word originated from ancient Greek ���λληνιστής (Hellēnist���s, \"one who uses the Greek language\"), from ���λλάς (Hellás, \"Greece\"); as if \"Hellenist\" + \"ic\".\nThe idea of a Hellenistic period is a 19th-century concept, and did not exist in ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: ���λληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it has been attributed to the 19th century German historian Johann Gustav Droysen, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus (History of Hellenism), coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander's conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.\nThe major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority in the areas in which they settled, but in many cases, the Greek settlers were actually the minority among the native populations. The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.\n\n\n== Sources ==\n\nWhile a few fragments exist, there are no complete surviving historical works that date to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of Samos and Phylarchus, which were used by surviving sources, are all lost. The earliest and most credible surviving source for the Hellenistic period is Polybius of Megalopolis (c. 200–118), a statesman of the Achaean League until 168 BC when he was forced to go to Rome as a hostage. His Histories eventually grew to a length of forty books, covering the years 220 to 167 BC.\nThe most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BC and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301 BC). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.��AD 50 – c.��120) Parallel Lives although more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late 1st century AD–before 165) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.\nOther sources include Justin's (2nd century AD) epitome of Pompeius Trogus' Historiae Philipicae and a summary of Arrian's Events after Alexander, by Photios I of Constantinople. Lesser supplementary sources include Curtius Rufus, Pausanias, Pliny, and the Byzantine encyclopedia the Suda. In the field of philosophy, Diogenes Laërtius' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers is the main source; works such as Cicero's De Natura Deorum also provide some further detail of philosophical schools in the HellenThe Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.In classical antiquity, the HellenThe Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in an influx of Greek colonists and the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, a breadth spanning as far as modern-day India. These new Greek kingdoms were also influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where deemed beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the ancient Greek world with that of Western Asian, Northeastern African, and Southwestern Asian. The consequence of this mixture gave rise to a common Attic-based Greek dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca throughout the ancient world.\nDuring the Hellenistic period, Greek cultural influence reached its peak in the Mediterranean and beyond. Prosperity and progress in the arts, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science characterize the era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, translation efforts such as the Septuagint, and the philosophies of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Pyrrhonism. In science, the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes are exemplary. Sculpture during this period was characterized by intense emotion and dynamic movement, as seen in sculptural works like the Dying Gaul and the Venus de Milo. A form of Hellenistic architecture arose which especially emphasized the building of grand monuments and ornate decorations, as exemplified by structures such as the Pergamon Altar. The religious sphere of Greek religion expanded through syncretic facets to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele, and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\nScholars and historians are divided as to which event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. There is a wide chronological range of proposed dates that have included the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by the expansionist Roman Republic in 146 BC following the Achaean War, the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, the end of the reign of the emperor Hadrian in AD 138, and the move by the emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in AD 330. Though this scope of suggested dates demonstrates a range of academic opinion, a generally accepted date by scholarship has been that of 31/30 BC.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word originated from ancient Greek ���λληνιστής (Hellēnist���s, \"one who uses the Greek language\"), from ���λλάς (Hellás, \"Greece\"); as if \"Hellenist\" + \"ic\".\nThe idea of a Hellenistic period is a 19th-century concept, and did not exist in ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellen",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Tajikistan",
"paragraph_text": "es to the north, and the Islamic heartland.Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital and most populous city. Tajikistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It has a population of approximately ten million.\nThe territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the city of Sarazm, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of various faiths and cultures including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire, before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1929.\nOn 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. The country has been led by Emomali Rahmon since 1994, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.\nTajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country, and their national language is Tajik, a variety of Persian. Russian is used as the official inter-ethnic language. While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is nominally adhered to by 97.5% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, there is a linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transitional economy that is dependent on remittances, and on production of aluminium and cotton. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATO PfP partner.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe term Tajik itself ultimately derives starting 8-9th centuries from the Middle Persian Tojik, which mean Crowned or King and this symbol of crown also represented on middle of flag of Tajikistan Republic. In one of main famous places of capital city in Dushanbe where located Independence Square with Crown Monument in centerThe earliest recorded history of the region dates back to about 500 BCE when much, if not all, of modern Tajikistan was part of the Achaemenid Empire. Some authors have also suggested that in the 7th and 6th century BCE parts of modern Tajikistan, including territories in the Zeravshan valley, formed part of Kambojas before it became part of the Achaemenid Empire. After the region's conquest by Alexander the Great it became part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, a successor state of Alexander's empire. Northern Tajikistan (the cities of Khujand and Panjakent) was part of Sogdia, a collection of city-states which was overrun by Scythians and Yuezhi nomadic tribes around 150 BCE. The Silk Road passed through the region and following the expedition of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian during the reign of Wudi (141–87 BCE) commercial relations between Han China and Sogdiana flourished. Sogdians played a major role in facilitating trade and also worked in other capacities, as farmers, carpetweavers, glassmakers, and woodcarvers. by people of various faiths and cultures including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and",
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}
] | What was the date of death for the individual who annexed the territory into their empire? | [
{
"id": 39231,
"question": "Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?",
"answer": "Alexander the Great",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
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{
"id": 17335,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "323 BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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] | 323 BC | [] | true | When did the person who took over the territory and made it part of their empire die? |
2hop__537404_55227 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2",
"paragraph_text": " It was also the first film to receive Nevada's film tax credit, enacted in 2013, netting the production a $4.3 million return on expenditures. The film was panned by critics and grossed $108 million worldwide at the box office.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nFollowing the events of the first film, Paul Blart is recovering from several misfortunes. His wife Amy divorced him six days into their marriage, and two years later, his mother was killed after being hit by a milk truck. To feel better, Paul takes pride in patrolling the mall. Four years later, as Blart says he has \"officially peaked\", he receives an invitation to a security officers' convention in Las Vegas and begins to believe his luck is about to change. His daughter, Maya, discovers that she was accepted into UCLA and plans to move across the country to Los Angeles, but in light of her father's invitation, she decides to withhold the information for now.\nAfter arriving in Las Vegas, Paul and his daughter meet the general manager of his hotel, a pretty young woman named Divina Martinez, whom Paul is instantly attracted to. He later learns that she's dating the hotel's head of security, Eduardo Furtillo. Meanwhile, Maya falls in love with the hotel's valet, Lane. A security guard from the Mall of America attending the convention, Donna Ericone, is aware of Paul's earlier heroics in the West Orange Pavilion Mall incident and believes Paul will be the likely keynote speaker at the event. However, Paul discovers that another security guard, Nick Panero, is giving the speech.\nIn the midst of the convention, a criminal named Vincent Sofel and a gang of accomplices disguised as hotel employees are secretly plotting to steal priceless works of art from the hotel and replace them with replicas, then sell the real ones at auction. In the meantime, Paul has become overprotective of Maya after discovering her flirting with Lane and spies on their conversations. He is later mocked by Eduardo for his lack of professionalism in an event where hotel security was notified when Maya turns up missing. In an ensuing argument with her father, Maya becomes upset and claims she's attending UCLA despite Paul's wishes that she remain close to home at a junior college. \nAt the convention, Paul, Donna, and three other security guards, Saul Gundermutt, Khan Mubi, and Gino Chizetti check out the non-lethal security equipment on display. Paul finds Nick drunkenly hitting on a woman at the bar. Paul attempts to defuse the situation and Nick passes out, giving Paul a chance to be the event's speaker. Later, Paul takes a break in The Garden Of Contemplation, only to face off against a bird while a man playing piano watches. Following the speech, Paul learns about Maya and Lane's situation and rushes to help but abruptly collapses due to his hypoglycemia that has plagued him for years.\nAfter recovering, Paul is able to take down several of Vincent's thugs and gathers intel on the group's intentions. Using non-lethal equipment from the convention, he is able to take out more of Vincent's crew. Meanwhile, Maya and Lane overhear Vincent adamantly refusing an oatmeal cookie due to a severe oatmeal allergy, leading to said cookie being thrown from a window. Working with a team – Donna, Saul, Khan, and Gino – Paul is able to clumsily dismantle Vincent's operation, with Maya severely incapacitating Vincent by rubbing oatmeal-infused concealer on his face and Paul finishing Vincent off with an extremely forceful headbutt. Afterward, Paul convinces Divina to be with Eduardo. He also accepts Maya going to UCLA, funding her tuition with the reward he obtained from Steve Wynn for stopping Vincent. After dropping off Maya at UCLA, Paul falls for a mounted police officer who reciprocates his advances, but her horse reflexively kicks him into the side of a car.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\nJayma Mays was only seen in the opening because she couldn't reprise the role for the sequel.\n\n\n== Production ==\n\n\n=== Development ===\nIn January 2009, Sony expressed an interest in making a sequel to Paul Blart: Mall Cop. It was revealed on January 7, 2014, that Andy Fickman was in talks to direct the film while Kevin James, who also co-wrote the script with Nick Bakay, would be back to star as Blart. James produced the film along with Todd Garner and Happy Madison's Adam Sandler. The cast includes David Henrie, Raini Rodriguez, Eduardo Verástegui, Nicholas Turturro, Gary Valentine, Neal McDonough, Daniella Alonso, and D. B. Woodside, starring alongside James.\nOn March 14, 2014, the Nevada Film Office announced thatPaul Blart: Mall Cop 2 is a 2015 American action comedy film directed by Andy Fickman and written by Kevin James and Nick Bakay. It is the sequel to 2009's , and stars James as the eponymous mall cop, Paul Blart, along with Neal McDonough, David Henrie, and Daniella Alonso.PPaul Blart: Mall Cop 2 is a 2015 American action comedy film directed by Andy Fickman and written by Kevin James and Nick Bakay. It is the sequel to 2009's , and stars James as the eponymous mall cop, Paul Blart, along with Neal McDonough, David Henrie, and Daniella Alonso.ays and Raini Rodriguez reprising their roles with Gary Valentine playing a different character and Neal McDonough joining the cast.\nFilming began in April 2014 at the Wynn Las Vegas casino resort. It was released the following year on April 17, 2015. Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 was the first film shot at the resort. It was also the first film to receive Nevada's film tax credit, enacted in 2013, netting the production a $4",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Grown Ups (film)",
"paragraph_text": " 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (AlexysIn 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in",
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] | Who portrays the spouse of the actor who was behind the production of Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 in the film Grown Ups? | [
{
"id": 537404,
"question": "Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 >> producer",
"answer": "Kevin James",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 55227,
"question": "who plays #1 wife in the movie grown ups",
"answer": "Maria Bello",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] | Maria Bello | [] | true | Who plays the wife of the actor who produced Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 in the movie Grown Ups? |
2hop__61714_80069 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pam Beesly",
"paragraph_text": ",\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I havePamela Morgan Halpert (née Beesly) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom The Office, played by Jenna Fischer. Her counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Dawn Tinsley. Her character is initially the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before becoming a saleswoman and eventually office administrator until her termination in the series finale. Her character is shy, growing assertive but amiable, and artistically inclined, and shares romantic interest with Jim Halpert, whom she begins dating in the fourth season and marries and starts a family with as the series continues.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc.\"\nPam Halpert appeared in almost every episode with the exceptions of \"Business Ethics\", \"St. Patrick's Day\", and \"New Leads\" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from \"Mrs. California\" to \"Pool Party\", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave at the same time as the character.\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–3 ===\nAt the beginning of the series, Pam and Roy have been dating for eight years and engaged for three years. Their open-ended engagement has become one of Michael's running gags and a sore spot for Pam.\nPam does not want her current job to become permanent, remarking that \"I don't think it's many little girls' dream to be a receptionist.\" She will often do extra, unnecessary work to make her other co-workers happy. Pam is apathetic toward her work, evidenced by her frequent games of FreeCell on her office computer. However, in the pilot episode, she breaks down crying when Michael pulls an ill-judged prank by telling her that she will be fired.\nDespite the abuse she takes from Michael in the early seasons, Pam becomes more honest and forward with Michael as the series progresses, often making sarcastic comments toward him.\nWhile engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin \"Casino Night\" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says \"Yeah, I think I am\" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing him back.\nSeason 3 marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Pam Beesly",
"paragraph_text": "?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc.\"\nPam Halpert appeared in almost every episode with the exceptions of \"Business Ethics\", \"St. Patrick's Day\", and \"New Leads\" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from \"Mrs. California\" to \"Pool Party\", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave at the same time as the character.\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–3 ===\nAt the beginning of the series, Pam and Roy have been dating for eight years and engaged for three years. Their open-ended engagement has become one of Michael's running gags and a sore spot for Pam.\nPam does not want her current job to become permanent, remarking that \"I don't think it's many little girls' dream to be a receptionist.\" She will often do extra, unnecessary work to make her other co-workers happy. Pam is apathetic toward her work, evidenced by her frequent games of FreeCell on her office computer. However, in the pilot episode, she breaks down crying when Michael pulls an ill-judged prank by telling her that she will be fired.\nDespite the abuse she takes from Michael in the early seasons, Pam becomes more honest and forward with Michael as the series progresses, often making sarcastic comments toward him.\nWhile engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin \"Casino Night\" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says \"Yeah, I think I am\" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing him back.\nSeason 3 marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears less passive and more self-assured as the season progresses. In \"Gay Witch Hunt\", the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all. Meanwhile, Jim has transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car. When the Scranton and Stamford branches merge, Jim returns to Scranton alongside a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch; after Jim returns to Scranton, the encounters between the two are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.\nRoy vows to win Pam back, and after his initial efforts to improve his relationship with Pam are successful, the two get back together. After attending an after-work get-togetherThe ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so",
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] | At what point do Pam and her future spouse from The Office begin their relationship? | [
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"id": 61714,
"question": "who is pam married to on the office",
"answer": "Jim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
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"id": 80069,
"question": "when do #1 and pam get together on the office",
"answer": "in the fourth season",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
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] | in the fourth season | [] | true | When does Pam and the person Pam marries on The Office get together? |
3hop1__617062_127905_46748 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks",
"paragraph_text": "The 1916 New York Giants hold the record for the longest unbeaten streak in MLB history at 26 wins. The second - longest winning streak is 22 by the 2017 Cleveland Indians, which is still ongoing and the American League record. The Chicago Cubs franchise has won 21 games twice, once in 1880 when they were the Chicago White Stockings and once in 1935.1916 New York Giants hold the record of winning 26 consecutive games. The longest American League winning streak is 22, by the 2017 Cleveland Indians. \nThe longest winning streak consisting only of playoff games stands at 12 consecutive wins, by the 1927, 1928 and 1932 New York Yankees (who swept the World Series all three seasons) and tied by the 1998–99 Yankees. \nAccording to Major League Baseball's policy on winning streaks, tie games do not end a team's winning streak. The list below includes streaks with ties.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Game streaks ==\n\n\n=== Regular season ===\nThis list contains the top 31 streaks consisting entirely of regular-season games.\n\n\n==== National Association ====\n\n1Denotes season in which team won a pennant in the American Association\n\n\n=== Postseason ===\nThis list contains only the top 10 streaks (including ties) consisting entirely of postseason games.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nThis list contains only the top 10 streaks consisting entirely of World Series games.\n\n\n== Series streaks ==\n\n\n=== Regular season – single opponent ===\nThe longest winning streak against a single opponent is 23 games by the Baltimore Orioles over the Kansas City Royals from May 10, 1969, to August 2, 1970.\nBaltimore had won more than 90 games in three of the previous four seasons, with a World Series title in 1966. The Royals were an expansion team in their first season. Kansas City won the first meeting on May 9, 1969, but Baltimore took the final 11 that season and swept all 12 in 1970 before the Royals finally took a walk-off win in their first confrontation of 1971.\n\n\n=== Postseason ===",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Cleveland Indians",
"paragraph_text": " in 1901, Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues, the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902. Beginning in 1903, the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps, after team captain Nap Lajoie.\nLajoie left after the 1914 season and club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name. They chose the name Cleveland Indians. That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century. Common nicknames for the Indians were \"the Tribe\" and \"the Wahoos\", the latter referencing their longtime logo, Chief Wahoo. After the Indians name came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy, the team adopted the Guardians name following the 2021 season.\nFrom August 24 to September 14, 2017, the team won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history, and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history.\nAs of the end of the 2023 season, the franchise's overall record is 9,760–9,300 (.512).\n\n\n== Early Cleveland baseball teams ==\n\nAccording to one historian of baseball, \"In 1857, baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful.\"\n\n1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Amateur)\n1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland\nFrom 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities that established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red StockingsThe Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.1932 Art Deco sculptures by Henry Hering on the city's Hope Memorial Bridge, which is adjacent to Progressive Field. The team's mascot is named \"Slider\". The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona.\nThe franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers, a minor league team based in Grand Rapids, Michigan, that played in the Western League. The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was called the Cleveland Lake Shores. The Western League itself was renamed the American League prior to the 1900 season while continuing its minor league status. When the American League declared itself a major league in 1901, Cleveland was one of its eight charter franchises. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds or Blues, the team was also unofficially called the Cleveland Bronchos in 1902. Beginning in 1903, the team was named the Cleveland Napoleons or Naps, after team captain Nap Lajoie.\nLajoie left after the 1914 season and club owner Charles Somers requested that baseball writers choose a new name. They chose the name Cleveland Indians. That name stuck and remained in use for more than a century. Common nicknames for the Indians were \"the Tribe\" and \"the Wahoos\", the latter referencing their longtime logo, Chief Wahoo. After the Indians name came under criticism as part of the Native American mascot controversy, the team adopted the Guardians name following the 2021 season.\nFrom August 24 to September 14, 2017, the team won 22 consecutive games, the longest winning streak in American League history, and the second longest winning streak in Major League Baseball history.\nAs of the end of the 2023 season, the franchise's overall record is 9,760–9,300 (.512).\n\n\n== Early Cleveland baseball teams ==\n\nAccording to one historian of baseball, \"In 1857, baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful.\"\n\n1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Amateur)\n1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland\nFrom 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities that established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was often called the Forest Citys, in the same generic way that the team from Chicago was sometimes called The Chicagos.\nIn",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Jim Wilson (first baseman)",
"paragraph_text": " athletics hall of fame in 2003.\nHe was selected by the Cleveland Indians in the 2nd round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft, and played four games for the Indians in 1985.\nHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season.\nIn 1990, Wilson played in six games for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in the Japanese Pacific League. He returned to North America, playing in the minor leagues, Mexican League, and independent leagues until 1994, when he retired.\nAfter his playing days were over, Wilson became a high school and legion coach in Vancouver, Washington, where he now resides. He is a play-by-play announcer with Mike Parker for the Oregon State Beavers football team.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJim Wilson Statistics on Baseball Almanac\nCareer statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)James George Wilson (born December 29, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball, appearing most often defensively as a first baseman, but more often as a designated hitter. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan.\n\n\n== Career ==\nWilson attended Oregon State University where he played both baseball and football for the Beavers. In 1982, he set school records in home runs and slugging percentage. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 2003.\nHe was selected by the Cleveland Indians in the 2nd round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft, and played four games for the Indians in 1985.\nHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season.\nIn 1990, Wilson played in six games for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in the Japanese Pacific League. He returned to North America, playing in the minor leagues, Mexican League, and independent leagues until 1994, when he retired.\nAfter his playing days were over, WilsonHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season.JHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season. in Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan.\n\n\n== Career ==\nWilson attended Oregon State University where he played both baseball and football for the Beavers. In 1982, he set school records in home runs and slugging percentage. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 2003.\nHe was selected by the Cleveland Indians in the 2nd round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft, and played four games for the Indians in 1985.\nHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season.\nIn 1990, Wilson played in six games for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in the Japanese Pacific League. He returned to North America, playing in the minor leagues, Mexican League, and independent leagues until 1994, when he retired.\nAfter his playing days were over, Wilson became a high school and legion coach in Vancouver, Washington, where he now resides. He is a play-by-play announcer with Mike Parker for the Oregon State Beavers football team.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nJim Wilson Statistics on Baseball Almanac\nCareer statistics and player information from Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors)James George Wilson (born December 29, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball, appearing most often defensively as a first baseman, but more often as a designated hitter. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan.\n\n\n== Career ==\nWilson attended Oregon State University where he played both baseball and football for the Beavers. In 1982, he set school records in home runs and slugging percentage. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 2003.\nHe was selected by the Cleveland Indians in the 2nd round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft, and played four games for the Indians in 1985.\nHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season.\nIn 1990, Wilson played in six games for the Fukuoka Daiei Hawks in the Japanese Pacific League. He returned to North America, playing in the minor leagues, Mexican League, and independent leagues until 1994, when he retired.\nAfter his playing days were over, WilsonHe was released by the Indians following the 1986 season. After a brief tour in the Minnesota Twins organization, Wilson signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners on March 1, 1988, playing five games for them in the 1989 season.James George Wilson (born December 29, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player. He played parts of two seasons in Major League Baseball, appearing most often defensively as a first baseman, but more often as a designated hitter. He also played one season in Nippon Professional Baseball in Japan.\n\n\n== Career",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the record for the most consecutive victories in the league where Jim Wilson's team competes? | [
{
"id": 617062,
"question": "Jim Wilson >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Indians",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 127905,
"question": "What league was Cleveland #1 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 46748,
"question": "longest win streak in #2 history",
"answer": "26",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 26 | [] | true | What is the longest win streak in the league that Jim Wilson's team plays for? |
4hop1__9007_698949_157828_162309 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Belgrade (film)",
"paragraph_text": " BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284. Belgrade served as capital of the Serbian Despotate during the reign of Stefan Lazarević, and then his successor Đurađ Branković returned it to the Hungarian king in 1427. Noon bells in support of the Hungarian army against the Ottoman Empire during the siege in 1456 have remained a widespread church tradition to this day. In 1521, Belgrade was conquered by the Ottomans and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.\nFollowing the Serbian Revolution, Belgrade was once again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918, when it was attached to the city, due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becomingBelgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014.BBelgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014. and the third most populous city on the Danube river.\nBelgrade is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe and the world. One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and, after 279 BC, Celts settled the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284. Belgrade served as capital of the Serbian Despotate during the reign of Stefan Lazarević, and then his successor Đurađ Branković returned it to the Hungarian king in 1427. Noon bells in support of the Hungarian army against the Ottoman Empire during the siege in 1456 have remained a widespread church tradition to this day. In 1521, Belgrade was conquered by the Ottomans and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.\nFollowing the Serbian Revolution, Belgrade was once again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918, when it was attached to the city, due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becomingBelgrade (also known as Belgrade with Boris Malagurski) is a 2013 Serbian documentary film directed by Boris Malagurski about Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The documentary film had its world premiere on 19 October 2013 at Sava Centar in Belgrade and was aired on Radio Television Serbia on 20 October 2014.Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. The population of the Belgrade metropolitan area is 1,685,563 according to the 2022 census. It is one of the major cities of Southeast Europe and the third most populous city on the Danube river.\nBelgrade is one",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he entered the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ). Having assumed de facto control over the party by 1937, Tito was formally elected its general secretary in 1939 and later its president, the title he held until his death. During World WarEvery year a \"Brotherhood and Unity\" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the \"House of Flowers\" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Serbian language",
"paragraph_text": " Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr����pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the CzechSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yugoslavia at the Olympics",
"paragraph_text": "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the nation, that has a secondary official language featured in a movie named after Tito's city of internment, initially participate in the Olympic games? | [
{
"id": 9007,
"question": "Where is the final resting place of Tito?",
"answer": "Belgrade",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 698949,
"question": "#1 >> original language of film or TV show",
"answer": "Serbian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 157828,
"question": "#2 is the co-official language of what country?",
"answer": "Kosovo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 162309,
"question": "When did #3 first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?",
"answer": "2016",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | 2016 | [] | true | When did the country with a co-official language used in the film titled after the city that is the final resting place of Tito first attend the Olympics games? |
4hop3__426860_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats inThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk RevolutionThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the tripoint with India at the peak of Teen Matha for a total of 168 miles (270 km).\nThe India-Myanmar border heads north through the Chin Hills towards the Tiau River. It follows this river upstream and then through various rivers near Manipur before going northeast through the Patkai range to the Chaukan Pass and the Mishmi Hills for a total of 912 miles (1,468 km).\nThe tripoint with China and IndiaMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "That Dam",
"paragraph_text": "ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāgaThat Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao �����������, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao ����������� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | How were the individuals, who were declared independent by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, removed from the natural border between Thailand and the nation which is home to That Dam? | [
{
"id": 426860,
"question": "That Dam >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were the same people who the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire declared independence from expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and the country where That Dam is found? |
3hop1__637555_339990_15538 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Capital punishment in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majorityAs of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\" Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\"In the United States, capital punishment (killing a person as punishment for allegedly committing a crime) is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level, in 27 states, and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 states and in the federal capital, Washington, D.C. It is usually applied for only the most serious crimes, such as aggravated murder. Although it is a legal penalty in 27 states, 19 of them have authority to execute death sentences, with the other 8, as well as the federal government and military, subject to moratoriums. \nAs of 2023, of the 38 OECD member countries, only two (the United States and Japan) allow capital punishment. Taiwan is the only other advanced democracy with capital punishment, but its constitutional court could strike it down when it rules on its constitutionality by the fall of 2024. \nThe existence of capital punishment in the United States can be traced to early colonial Virginia. There were no executions in the United States between 1967 and 1977. In 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majority of states enacted new death penalty statutes, and the court affirmed the legality of the practice in the Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings. as the federal government and military, subject to moratoriums. \nAs of 2023, of the 38 OECD member countries, only two (the United States and Japan) allow capital punishment. Taiwan is the only other advanced democracy with capital punishment, but its constitutional court could strike it down when it rules on its constitutionality by the fall of 2024. \nThe existence of capital punishment in the United States can be traced to early colonial Virginia. There were no executions in the United States between 1967 and 1977. In ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Copake Lake, New York",
"paragraph_text": "ake Lake is located about 95 miles (153 km) north of New York City and is an area of second homes.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nCopake Lake is located at 42°8′50″N 73°35′51″W (42.147128, -73.597614). The community surrounds the water body of Copake Lake, part of theCopake Lake is a community (and census-designated place) in southern Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 823 at the 2010 census.CCopake Lake is a community (and census-designated place) in southern Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 823 at the 2010 census.The community is named after Copake Lake, a lake by the west town line of the town of Copake. Copake means \"snake pond\" in the native language.\nCopake Lake is located about 95 miles (153 km) north of New York City and is an area of second homes.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nCopake Lake is located at 42°8′50″N 73°35′51″W (42.147128, -73.597614). The community surrounds the water body of Copake Lake, part of theCopake Lake is a community (and census-designated place) in southern Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 823 at the 2010 census.Copake Lake is a community (and census-designated place) in southern Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 767 at the 2020 census.\nThe community is named after Copake Lake, a lake by the west town line of the town of Copake. Copake means \"snake pond\" in the native language.\nCopake Lake is located about 95 miles (153 km) north of New York City and is an area of second homes.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nCopake Lake is located at 42°8′50″N 73°35′51″W (42.147128, -73.597614). The community surrounds the water body of Copake Lake, part of the Taghkanic Creek watershed flowing west to the Hudson River. Most of the CDP is in the town of Copake, while about 20% of it extends westward into the town of Taghkanic.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.3 square miles (26.7 km2), of which 9.5 square miles (24.6 km2)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Socialist Party of Oregon (Columbia County, Oregon)",
"paragraph_text": " the twentieth century.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 688 square miles (1,780 km2), of which 657 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 31 square miles (80 km2) (4.5%) is water. It is Oregon's third-smallest county by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.\n\n\n=== Adjacent counties ===\nWahkiakum County, Washington (northwest)\nCowlitz County, Washington (northeast)\nClark County, Washington (east)\nMultnomah County (southeast)\nWashington County (south)\nClatsop County (west)\n\n\n=== National protected area ===\nJulia Butler Hansen National Wildlife Refuge (part)\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2010 census ===\nAs of the 2010 census, there were 49,351 people, 19,183 households, and 13,516 families living in the county. The population density was 75.1 inhabitants per square mile (29.0/km2). There were 20,698 housing units at an average density of 31.5 units per square mile (12.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.5% white, 1.3% American Indian, 0.9% Asian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.2% Pacific islander, 1.2% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.0% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 26.1% were German, 14.5% were English, 14.4% were Irish, 5.9% were Norwegian, and 4.8% were American.\nOf theThe Socialist Party of Oregon in Columbia County, Oregon began around the First Red Scare. The first year (1914) it went mainstream, the Socialist party had 27 more registered members than the Prohibition Party, who were some members of the Suffrage movement. The Socialist party was similar to the Progressive Party in the county, as it tried from the outskirts of government to make change. While Socialism failed its first year, it still received attention from the press who was aware of the October Revolution (1918) in Russia (Now the Soviet Union) by a similarly named government led by Vladimir Lenin.6.\nColumbia County was created in 1854 from the northern half of Washington County. Milton served as the county seat until 1857 when it was moved to St. Helens.\nColumbia County has been afflicted by numerous flooding disasters, the most recent in December 2007. Heavy rains caused the Nehalem River to escape its banks and flood the city of Vernonia and rural areas nearby. Columbia County received a presidential disaster declaration for this event.\nIn the 1910s the Socialist Party of Oregon won a handful of votes. This party was distinct from the better-known SPO which operated throughout the twentieth century.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 688 square miles (1,780 km2), of which 657 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 31 square miles (80 km2) (4.5%) is water. It is Oregon's third-smallest county by land area and fourth-smallest by total area.\n\n\n=== Adjacent counties ===\nWahkiakum County, Washington (northwest)\nCowlitz County, Washington (northeast)\nClark County, Washington (east)\nMultnomah County (southeast)\nWashington County (south)\nClatsop County (west)\n\n\n=== National protected area ===\nJulia Butler Hansen National Wildlife Refuge (part)\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2010 census ===\nAs of the 2010 census, there were 49,351 people, 19,183 households, and 13,516 families living in the county. The population density was 75.1 inhabitants per square mile (29.0/km2). There were 20,698 housing units at an average density of 31.5",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What year did the state that is home to Copake Lake bring back the death penalty? | [
{
"id": 637555,
"question": "Copake Lake >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Columbia County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 339990,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Oregon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 15538,
"question": "When did #2 reinstate the death penalty?",
"answer": "1984",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 1984 | [] | true | When did the state where Copake Lake is located reinstate the death penalty? |
2hop__530579_13529 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " entered its first competition in 1927, playing in the Campionat de Catalunya de Basquetbol (Catalan Basketball Championship). During these early years, basketball in Catalonia was dominated by clubs such as CE Europa, Laietà BC and Société PatriIn June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors. In the following season, under coach Luis, Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. However, Maradona's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli. At the start of the 1984–85 season, Terry Venables was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder Bernd Schuster. The next season, he took the team to their second European Cup final, only to lose on penalties to Steaua Bucureşti during a dramatic evening in Seville. players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol, Rony Seikaly, Marc Gasol, Anderson Varejão, Juan Carlos Navarro, Jaka Lakovič, ��arūnas Jasikevičius, Dejan Bodiroga, Gianluca Basile, Ricky Rubio, Juan Antonio San Epifanio, Saša Đorđević, and Tony Massenburg.\nFC Barcelona also has a reserve team, called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B, that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years ===\nFounded on 24 August 1926, the club entered its first competition in 1927, playing in the Campionat de Catalunya de Basquetbol (Catalan Basketball Championship). During these early years, basketball in Catalonia was dominated by clubs such as CE Europa, Laietà BC and Société Patrie (later CB Atlètic Gràcia) and it was not until the 1940s that FC Barcelona became established as a basketball team. During this decade they won six Copas del Generalísimo de Baloncesto and were runners-up once. In 1956 they were founding members of the Liga Española de Bal",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Diego Sinagra",
"paragraph_text": " his mother. His paternal grandfather Diego Maradona Senior \"Chitoro\" (1927–2015), who worked at a chemicals factory, was of Indigenous Guaraní and Spanish descent, and his paternal grandmother Dalma Salvadora Franco, \"Doña Tota\" (1930–2011), had Italian and Croatian ancestry. In 1993, he was legally recognized as Maradona's son by the Court of Naples, acquiring his father's last name as a consequence. Despite that, he did not meet his natural father until 2003, during a golf tournament in Fiuggi. It was only in 2007 that Maradona publicly recognised Diego Jr. as his son according to the Italian press.\nThere were rumours that Pope Francis, at that time the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, asked Maradona to recognize Diego Jr. as his son. Maradona's lawyers have denied this allegation.\nMaradona had a passion for football and started playing at a young age,Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (born 20 September 1986) is an Italian footballer and beach soccer player, who plays for A.S.D San Giorgio in Italy. He is the son of Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona.DDiego Armando Maradona Sinagra (born 20 September 1986) is an Italian footballer and beach soccer player, who plays for A.S.D San Giorgio in Italy. He is the son of Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona.adona.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nBorn in Naples, Italy, Sinagra – nicknamed Diego Jr. or Dieguito – was the result of an out-of-wedlock affair between Maradona and a young local woman named Cristiana Sinagra. He was brought up by his mother. His paternal grandfather Diego Maradona Senior \"Chitoro\" (1927–2015), who worked at a chemicals factory, was of Indigenous Guaraní and Spanish descent, and his paternal grandmother Dalma Salvadora Franco, \"Doña Tota\" (1930–2011), had Italian and Croatian ancestry. In 1993, he was legally recognized as Maradona's son by the Court of Naples, acquiring his father's last name as a consequence. Despite that, he did not meet his natural father until 2003, during a golf tournament in Fiuggi. It was only in 2007 that Maradona publicly recognised Diego Jr. as his son according to the Italian press.\nThere were rumours that Pope Francis, at that time the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, asked Maradona to recognize Diego Jr. as his son. Maradona's lawyers have denied this allegation.\nMaradona had a passion for football and started playing at a young age,Diego Armando Maradona Sinagra (born 20 September 1986) is an Italian footballer and beach soccer player, who plays for A.S.D San Giorgio in Italy. He is the son of Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona.Diego Armando Maradona Jr. (né Sinagra; September 20, 1986) is an Argentine-Italian football coach, former player, and professional beach soccer player. He is the son of Cristiana Sinagra and Argentine national footballer Diego Maradona.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nBorn in Naples, Italy, Sinagra – nicknamed Diego Jr. or Dieguito – was the result of an out-of-wedlock affair between Maradona and a young local woman named Cristiana Sinagra. He was brought up by his mother. His paternal grandfather Diego Maradona Senior \"Chitoro\" (1927–2015), who worked at a chemicals factory, was of Indigenous Guaraní and Spanish descent, and his paternal grandmother Dalma Salvadora Franco, \"Doña Tota\" (1930–2011), had Italian and Croatian ancestry. In 1993, he was legally recognized as Maradona's son by the Court of Naples, acquiring his father's last name as a consequence. Despite that, he did not meet his natural father until 2003, during a golf tournament in Fiuggi. It was only in 2007 that Maradona publicly recognised Diego Jr. as his son according to the Italian press.\nThere were rumours that Pope Francis, at that time the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, asked Maradona to recognize Diego Jr. as his son. Maradona's lawyers have denied this allegation.\nMaradona had a passion for football and started playing at a young age, showing promise by emulating his father's skills. At 11 he was a part of the Napoli youth squad. He represented Italy at under-17 level. In 2004, the young Maradona joined the youth squad of Genoa for a season.\nOn 10 June 2015, Maradona married Nunzia Pennino in a Roman Catholic church in Naples and received Pope Francis' blessing.\nOn 25 August 2016, Maradona publicly recognised Diego Jr. as his son in Argentina and declared in front of the media in Buenos Aires \"I love him a lot and he’s very like me.\"\n\n\n=== Playing in Eccellenza and Serie D ===\nMaradona's start in first-team football came in the amateur leagues in 2005 when he joined Cervia, a team in the Eccellenza division of Emilia-Romagna, which was the subject of a national football reality show, named Campioni - Il sogno (Champions - The Dream).\nHe joined Internapoli from Eccellenza Campania in January 2006; after having been without a team for the first half of the 2005–06 season, he only played two games for the club as he suffered an injury which kept him sidelined. In 2007, he joined Quarto, another club in the Campanian Eccellenza; Quarto were victorious in the Eccellenza playoffs that season and were promoted to Serie D. He then",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did Diego Sinagra's father get signed by Barcelona? | [
{
"id": 530579,
"question": "Diego Sinagra >> father",
"answer": "Diego Maradona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 13529,
"question": "When was #1 signed by Barcelona?",
"answer": "June 1982",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | June 1982 | [] | true | When was the father of Diego Sinagra signed by Barcelona? |
2hop__747667_52835 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Thinking About You (Norah Jones song)",
"paragraph_text": " for her and preferred if someone else were to record it. She recorded a version of it for her second album, Feels like Home (2004), but according to her it sounded \"too country-rock\". According to the producer, she \"found a way to make it work\" during the recording of Not Too Late.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic picked the song among the best tracks on the album, calling it a \"wonderful laid-back soul\". Sia Michel from Entertainment Weekly called it a \"safety-net single\", with its sexy, cocktail-party swing, the tune could be her first real radio hit since 'Don't Know Why'.\" Neil Spencer from The Observer commented that the song \"looks like a conscious attempt not to scare the punters.\" Tom Woods called it \"a lovely pop song, with nostalgic lyrics.\" Tyler Fisher from Sputnikmusic commented that the song is \"a western jazz hybrid in the truest sense, with very country-styled melodies from the organ and Wurlitzer, but the jazzy horn section provides great countermelodies.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== CD single ===\nEurope\n\n\"Thinking About You\"\n\"2 Men\"\n\"Wish I Could\"\n\n\n== Commercial release and chart performance ==\nReleased in the United States on December 5, 2006 (see 2006 in music), \"Thinking About You\" was one of the first songs by a major artist to be available for paid digital download in mp3 format. The single entered the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 at number eighty-two in early February 2007, becoming Jones's first chart entry since \"Don't Know Why\" (2002). It was also her second single to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It peaked at number seventy in Germany.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe music video, directed by Ace Norton, was filmed on a soundstage at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York with a cast of eight people, including Jones. According to videostatic.com, it contains elements from some of Norton's previous videos — for Peter Walker's \"What Do I Know\" (the \"within the within\" effect), Death Cab for Cutie's \"Someday You Will Be Loved\" (the animated heart) and Death Cab for Cutie's \"Crooked Teeth\" (the Claymation). The video premiered on December 19, 2006.\n\n\n== Cover versions ==\nIrma Thomas recorded the song for her 2008 album Simply Grand. Jones performed as a guest pianist on the recording.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n=== All-time charts ===\n\n\n== References ==\"Thinking About You\" is the first single from Norah Jones' 2007 album Not Too Late. It was her first single to enter the Billboard Hot 100 in 4 years, since \"Don't Know Why\".\n\n\n== Background and composition ==\nJones wrote \"Thinking About You\" in 1999 with Ilhan Ersahin, her then-bandmate in Wax Poetic. She said the song had \"always been in the back of my mind\", but she thought it was too much of a pop song for her and preferred if someone else were to record it. She recorded a version of it for her second album, Feels like Home (2004), but according to her it sounded \"too country-rock\". According to the producer, she \"found a way to make it work\" during the recording of Not Too Late.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic picked the song among the best tracks on the album, calling it a \"wonderful laid-back soul\". Sia Michel from Entertainment Weekly called it a \"safety-net single\", with its sexy, cocktail-party swing, the tune could be her first real radio hit since 'Don't Know Why'.\" Neil Spencer from The Observer commented that the song \"looks like a conscious attempt not to scare the punters.\" Tom Woods called it \"a lovely pop song, with nostalgic lyrics.\" Tyler Fisher from Sputnikmusic commented that the song is \"a western jazz hybrid in the truest sense, with very country-styled melodies from the organ and Wurlitzer, but the jazzy horn section provides great countermelodies.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== CD single ===\nEurope\n\n\"Thinking About You\"\n\"2 Men\"\n\"Wish I Could\"\n\n\n== Commercial release and chart performance ==\nReleased in the United States on December 5, 2006 (see 2006 in music), \"Thinking About You\" was one of the first songs by a major artist to be available for paid digital download in mp3 format. The single entered the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 at number eighty-two in early February 2007, becoming Jones's first chart entry since \"Don't Know Why\" (2002). It was also her second single to appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It peaked at number seventy in Germany.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe music video, directed by Ace Norton, was filmed on a soundstage at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York with a cast of eight people, including Jones. According to videostatic.com, it contains elements from some of Norton's previous videos — for Peter Walker's \"What Do I Know\" (the \"within the within\" effect), Death Cab for Cutie's \"Someday You Will Be Loved\" (the animated heart) and Death Cab for Cutie's \"Crooked Teeth\" (the Claymation). The video premiered on December 19, 2006.\n\n\n== Cover versions ==\nIrma Thomas recorded the song for her 2008 album Simply Grand. Jones performed as a guest pianist on the recording.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n=== All-time charts ===\n\n\n== References ==\"Thinking About You\" is the first single from Norah Jones' 2007 album Not Too Late. It was her first single to enter the Billboard Hot 100 in 4 years, since \"Don't Know Why\".\n\n\n== Background and composition ==\nJones wrote \"Thinking About You\" in 1999 with Ilhan Ersahin, her then-bandmate in Wax Poetic. She said the song had \"always been in the back of my mind\", but she thought it was too much of a pop song for her and preferred if someone else were to record it. She recorded a version of it for her second album, Feels like Home (2004), but according to her it sounded \"too country-rock\". According to the producer, she \"found a way to make it work\" during the recording of Not Too Late.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic picked the song among the best tracks on the album, calling it a \"wonderful laid-back soul\". Sia Michel from Entertainment Weekly called it a \"safety-net single\", with its sexy, cocktail-party swing, the tune could be her first real radio hit since 'Don't Know Why'.\" Neil Spencer from The Observer commented that the song \"looks like a conscious attempt not to scare the punters.\" Tom Woods called it \"a lovely pop song, with nostalgic lyrics.\" Tyler Fisher from Sputnikmusic commented that the song is \"a western jazz hybrid in the truest sense, with very country-styled melodies from the organ and Wurlitzer, but the\"Thinking About You\" is the first single from Norah Jones' third solo album, \"Not Too Late\" (2007). This is the first single to enter the \"Billboard 100\" in 4 years, since \"Don't Know Why\". wrote \"\"Thinking About You\" is the first single from Norah Jones' third solo album, \"Not Too Late\" (2007). This is the first single to enter the \"Billboard 100\" in 4 years, since \"Don't Know Why\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)ah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the author of the song Turn Me On by the individual known for performing Thinking About You? | [
{
"id": 747667,
"question": "Thinking About You >> performer",
"answer": "Norah Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 52835,
"question": "who wrote turn me on by #1",
"answer": "John D. Loudermilk",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | John D. Loudermilk | [] | true | Who wrote Turn Me On by the Thinking About You performer? |
2hop__9238_9237 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Marshall Islands",
"paragraph_text": "Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012. half of the country's population.\nAustronesian settlers reached the Marshall Islands as early as the 2nd millennium BC and introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens, which made the islands permanently habitable. Several Spanish expeditions visited the islands in the mid-16th century, but Spanish galleons usually sailed a Pacific route farther north and avoided the Marshalls. European maps and charts named the group for British captain John Marshall, who explored the region in 1788. American Protestant missionaries and Western business interests began arriving in the 1850s. German copra traders dominated the economy in the 1870s and 1880s, and the German Empire annexed the Marshalls as a protectorate in 1885. The Empire of Japan occupied the islands in the autumn of 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. In May 1979, the United States gave the Marshall Islands independence by recognizing its constitution and president, Amata Kabua. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a member of the Pacific Community (PC) since 1983 and a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a parliamentary republic with an executive presidency in free association with the United States, with the U.S. providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S.-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Marshall Islands",
"paragraph_text": " giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens, which made the islands permanently habitable. Several Spanish expeditions visited the islands in the mid-16th century, but Spanish galleons usually sailed a Pacific route farther north and avoided the Marshalls. European maps and charts named the group for British captain John Marshall, who explored the region in 1788. American Protestant missionaries and Western business interests began arriving in the 1850s. German copra traders dominated the economy in the 1870s and 1880s, and the German Empire annexed the Marshalls as a protectorate in 1885. The Empire of Japan occupied the islands in the autumn of 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. In May 1979, the United States gave the Marshall Islands independence by recognizing its constitution and president, Amata Kabua. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a member of the Pacific Community (PC) since 1983 and a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a parliamentary republic with an executive presidency in free association with the United States, with the U.S. providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S.-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States representsThe Marshall Islands are served by the Marshall Islands International Airport in Majuro, the Bucholz Army Airfield in Kwajalein, and other small airports and airstrips. half of the country's population.\nAustronesian settlers reached the Marshall Islands as early as the 2nd millennium BC and introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens, which made the islands permanently habitable. Several Spanish expeditions visited the islands in the mid-16th century, but Spanish galleons usually sailed a Pacific route farther north and avoided the Marshalls. European maps and charts named the group for British captain John Marshall, who explored the region in 1788. American Protestant missionaries and Western business interests began arriving in the 1850s. German copra traders dominated the economy in the 1870s and 1880s, and the German Empire annexed the Marshalls as a protectorate in 1885. The Empire of Japan occupied the islands in the autumn of 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. In May 1979, the United States gave the Marshall Islands independence by recognizing its constitution and president, Amata Kabua. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a member of the Pacific Community (PC) since 1983 and a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a parliamentary republic with an executive presidency in free association with the United States, with the U.S. providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S.-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product, and although most financial aid from the Compact of Free Association was set to expire in 2023, it was extended for another 20 years that same year. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. In 2018, it also announced plans for a new cryptocurrency to be used as legal tender.\nThe majority of the citizens of the Republic of Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines, and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is one of the Oceanic languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practices some religion: three-quarters of the country follows either the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Prehistory",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the opening date of the initial mosque situated in the location of the Marshall Islands International Airport? | [
{
"id": 9238,
"question": "Where is the Marshall Islands International Airport located?",
"answer": "Majuro",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 9237,
"question": "When did the first mosque in #1 open?",
"answer": "September 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | September 2012 | [
"2012"
] | true | When did the first mosque in the place where Marshall Islands International Airport is located open? |
4hop3__577443_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Tham Pha",
"paragraph_text": " looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.\nA stupa is located at the nearby Tham That cave.\n\n\n== References ==Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The Karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entranceTham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.ThTham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance..\nA stupa is located at the nearby Tham That cave.\n\n\n== References ==Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The Karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.\nA stupa is located at the nearby Tham That cave.\n\n\n== References ==Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The Karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entranceTham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The Karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.\nA stupa is located at the nearby Tham That cave.\n\n\n== References ==Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province, Laos. The Karst limestone cave was only discovered in April 2004 by a local farmer who upon entering it found a treasure trove of 229 Buddha statues, estimated to be over 450 years old. It is believed that the Buddha statues were hidden to prevent them being looted by invading Haw peoples. The largest Buddha statue is seated at the main entrance.\nA stupa is located at the nearby Tham That cave.\n\n\n== References ==Tham Pha, also known as Buddha Cave, is a cave in Khammouane Province",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the tripoint with India at the peak of Teen Matha for a total of 168 miles (270 km).\nThe India-Myanmar border heads north through the Chin Hills towards the Tiau River. It follows this river upstream and then through various rivers near Manipur before going northeast through the Patkai range to the Chaukan Pass and the Mishmi Hills for a total of 912 miles (1,468 km).\nThe tripoint with China and India is disputed due to the Sino-Indian border dispute but lies de facto north of the Diphu Pass. The China-Myanmar border heads northeast to Hkakabo Razi just one mile west of its summit. It then turns southeast following the Hengduan and Gaoligong Mountains through many irregular lines towards the Taping River and Shweli River. ItMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "yanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture,The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the MagnificentThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What process was used to remove individuals, for whom the release of new coins signified independence, by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, from the natural dividing line between Thailand and the country of Tham Pha? | [
{
"id": 577443,
"question": "Tham Pha >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Tham Pha's country? |
3hop1__273571_834494_34099 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase inBoth the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013). (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Summit, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "ographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP. The population density was 365.8 inhabitants per square mile (141.2/km2). There were 1,259 housing units at an average density of 124.4 per square mile (48.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 26.0% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. 63.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nOf the 1,144Summit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.Summit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.1 square miles (26 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP. The population density was 365.8 inhabitants per square mile (141.2/km2). There were 1,259 housing units at an average density of 124.4 per square mile (48.0/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 65.9% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 26.0% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. 63.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nOf the 1,144 households 46.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.8% were non-families. 18.4% of households were one person and 5.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.24 and the average family size was 3.68.\nThe age distribution was 34.8% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% 65 or older. The median age was 29 yearsSummit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The population was 3,702 at the 2000 census.== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 10.1 square miles (26 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAt the 2000 census there were 3,702 people, 1,144 households, and 871 families living in the CDP.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the duration of the terms for city council members in the city located in the same county as Summit? | [
{
"id": 273571,
"question": "Summit >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 34099,
"question": "How long are #2 's city council terms?",
"answer": "four-year",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | four-year | [] | true | How long are city council terms in the city in the same county as Summit? |
4hop1__726152_153080_159767_81096 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Arizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and John McCain, though it hasArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xò��ztò x��̀xò��tsò]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [��a��i ����onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.Arizona ( ARR-ih-ZOH-nə; Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo [ho����z��to�� ha��ho����tso��]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak [��a��i�� ������nak]) is a landlocked state in the Southwestern region of the United States. Arizona is part of the Four Corners region with Utah to the north, Colorado to the northeast, and New Mexico to the east; its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest, California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. It is the 6th-largest and the 14th-most-populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church andArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio CaAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tijuana Moods",
"paragraph_text": " nicknames derived from Charles (\"Don't call me Charlie; that's not a man's name, that's a name for a horse\").\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nDownBeat (p. 80) - 4 stars out of 5 -- \"[Tijuana Moods is] the 1957 masterpiece on which Mingus asserts full control over his longform chops.\"\nDownBeat (12/01, p. 90) - 4.5 stars out of 5 - \"This collection allows us to observe Mingus in the midst of his truly creative process.\"\nUncut (8/01, p. 96) - 5 stars out of 5 - \"[A] mindblowing collection....Its breathtaking scope prefigures many innovations made under the rock rubric in the Sixties.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Dizzy Moods\"\n\"Ysabel's Table Dance\"\n\"Tijuana Gift Shop\"\n\"Los Mariachis (The Street Musicians)\"\n\"Flamingo\" (Ted Grouya)\n\n\n=== Track listing of New Tijuana Moods (1986) ===\n\"Dizzy Moods\"\n\"Ysabel's Table Dance\"\n\"Tijuana Gift Shop\"\n\"Los Mariachis\"\n\"Flamingo\"\n\"Dizzy Moods (Alternate Take)\"\n\"Tijuana Gift Shop (Alternate Take)\"\n\"Los Mariachis (Alternate Take)\"\n\"FlTijuana Moods is an album by Charles Mingus originally recorded in 1957 but not released until June 1962. It was reissued in 1986 on CD as \"New Tijuana Moods\" with four alternate takes. 2-CD expanded versions with further alternate takes were issued by RCA in 2000 and by Columbia in 2010.TTijuana Moods is an album by Charles Mingus originally recorded in 1957 but not released until June 1962. It was reissued in 1986 on CD as \"New Tijuana Moods\" with four alternate takes. 2-CD expanded versions with further alternate takes were issued by RCA in 2000 and by Columbia in 2010. by Columbia in 2010.\nIn his notes to the 1986 reissue, Ed Michel said that \"[h]ardly anything was recorded as a complete take\" and so both the originally issued takes and the alternate versions had been assembled by editing additional sections into base takes.\nThe name \"Charlie Mingus\" appears on the cover of the original album. Mingus hated all nicknames derived from Charles (\"Don't call me Charlie; that's not a man's name, that's a name for a horse\").\n\n\n== Reception ==",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avantCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who emerged victorious in the Indy car race held in the most populous city and capital of the birth state of the artist who created Tijuana Moods? | [
{
"id": 726152,
"question": "Tijuana Moods >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 159767,
"question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest city and capital of the state where the performer of Tijuana Moods was born? |
2hop__403712_793210 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Tom Baring",
"paragraph_text": "Thomas Baring, known as \"Tom\", was the tenth child (fifth of second marriage) of Henry Baring of Cromer Hall, and younger full brother of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke. Like his brother, Baring was involved in the family banking business, beginning his career in the Liverpool office of Barings Bank. He later moved to New York City to join Kidder Peabody. When, in 1890, Kidder Peabody split its dual Boston-New York firm, Baring became a partner in the separated New York firm. He and another Kidder-Peabody alumnus, George C. Magoun, formed Baring, Magoun. Both houses continued as North American agents for Barings.Thomas Baring, known as \"Tom\", was the tenth child (fifth of second marriage) of Henry Baring of Cromer Hall, and younger full brother of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke. Like his brother, Baring was involved in the family banking business, beginning his career in the Liverpool office of Barings Bank. He later moved to New York City to join Kidder Peabody. When, in 1890, Kidder Peabody split its dual Boston-New York firm, Baring became a partner in the separated New York firm. He and another Kidder-Peabody alumnus, George C. Magoun, formed Baring, Magoun. Both houses continued as North American agents for Barings.Thomas Baring (21 March 1839 – 4 June 1923) was a British banker.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaring was born on 21 March 1839 at Cromer Hall, Cromer, Norfolk into the Baring family. Known as \"Tom\", he was the tenth child (fifth of second marriage) of Henry Baring and the former Cecilia Anne Windham. His father was first married, and divorced, to Maria Matilda Bingham (a daughter of U.S. Senator William Bingham who was the former wife of Jacques-Pierre-Alexandre, Comte de Tilly). Among his siblings were elder half-brother Henry Bingham Baring, MP for Callington and Marlborough, and younger brothers, Edward, raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Revelstoke, and Evelyn, who inherited Cromer Hall and was raised to the peerage as 1st Earl of Cromer.\nHis paternal grandparents were Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baron",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Godfrey Baring",
"paragraph_text": " the same year when he was elected MP for Barnstaple at a by-election. At the 1918 general election, he sought to return to the House as Member of Parliament again for the Isle of Wight, but finished second.\nFor 33 years he was a member of the management committee of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. In 1951, while he was president of the RNLI, the new lifeboat at Clacton was named Sir Godfrey Baring. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in Elizabeth II's first birthday honours in 1952 for public services and in recognition of the fact that he had been \"Chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council for over fifty years and Chairman of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution for twenty-seven years\".\nHe married Eva Hermione Mackintosh. Helen Azalea \"Poppy\" Baring was his daughter.\nBaring died on 24 November 1957, aged 86.\n\n\nA member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life.SA member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life. of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life.\nA keen yachtsman, he was elected to the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1892. He frequently entertained royalty during Cowes Week at his residence, Nubia House.\n\nAt the 1906 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight, but lost the seat at the next election in January, 1910. He was created a baronet, of Nubia House in the parish of Northwood in the Isle of Wight, on 4 February 1911. He returned to parliament in the same year when he was elected MP for Barnstaple at a by-election. At the 1918 general election, he sought to return to the House as Member of Parliament again for the Isle of Wight, but finished second.\nFor 33 years he was a member of the management committee of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. In 1951, while he was president of the RNLI, the new lifeboat at Clacton was named Sir Godfrey Baring. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in Elizabeth II's first birthday honours in 1952 for public services and in recognition of the fact that he had been \"Chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council for over fifty years and Chairman of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution for twenty-seven years\".\nHe married Eva Hermione Mackintosh. Helen Azalea \"Poppy\" Baring was his daughter.\nBaring died on 24 November 1957, aged 86.\n\n\nA member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life.Sir Godfrey Baring, 1st Baronet KBE, DL, JP (18 April 1871 – 24 November 1957) was a Liberal Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight and later Barnstaple.\nA member of the influential Baring family, he was the son of Lieutenant-General Charles Baring, son of Henry Bingham Baring, son of Henry Baring, third son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet. His mother was Helen Graham, daughter of Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet. He was a lifelong resident of the Isle of Wight. He became involved in politics and public affairs at an early age: he was elected president of the Isle of Wight Liberal Union aged 23, was made a Justice of the Peace a year later and was High Sheriff of Hampshire in 1897 at the age of 26. In 1898 he became chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council, a position he held for the rest of his life.\nA keen yachtsman, he was elected to the Royal Yacht Squadron in 1892. He frequently entertained royalty during Cowes Week at his residence, Nubia House.\n\nAt the 1906 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament for the Isle of Wight, but lost the seat at the next election in January, 1910. He was created a baronet, of Nubia House in the parish of Northwood in the Isle of Wight, on 4 February 1911. He returned to parliament in the same year when he was elected MP for Barnstaple at a by-election. At the 1918 general election, he sought to return to the House as Member of Parliament again for the Isle of Wight, but finished second.\nFor 33 years he was a member of the management committee of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. In 1951, while he was president of the RNLI, the new lifeboat at Clacton was named Sir Godfrey Baring. He was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in Elizabeth II's first birthday honours in 1952 for public services and in recognition of the fact that he had been \"Chairman of the Isle of Wight County Council for over fifty years and Chairman of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution for twenty-seven years\".\nHe married Eva Hermione Mackintosh. Helen Azalea \"Poppy\" Baring was his daughter.\nBaring died on 24 November 1957, aged 86.\n\n\n== References ==\n\nLeigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs \n\n\n== External links ==\nHansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Sir Godfrey Baring, Bt\nVanity",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is the paternal figure of the father of Edward Baring, the first Baron Revelstoke? | [
{
"id": 403712,
"question": "Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke >> father",
"answer": "Henry Baring",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 793210,
"question": "#1 >> father",
"answer": "Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet | [] | true | Who is the father of Edward Baring, 1st Baron Revelstoke's father? |
2hop__17508_17335 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": " of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, translation efforts such as the Septuagint, and the philosophies of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Pyrrhonism. In science, the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes are exemplary. Sculpture during this period was characterized by intense emotion and dynamic movement, as seen in sculptural works like the Dying Gaul and the Venus de Milo. A form of Hellenistic architecture arose which especially emphasized the building of grand monuments and ornate decorations, as exemplified by structures such as the Pergamon Altar. The religious sphere of Greek religion expanded through syncretic facets to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele, and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\nScholars and historians are divided as to which event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. There is a wide chronological range of proposed dates that have included the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by the expansionist Roman Republic in 146 BC following the Achaean War, the final defeat of the PPeople of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, \"He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures\" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace. established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in an influx of Greek colonists and the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, a breadth spanning as far as modern-day India. These new Greek kingdoms were also influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where deemed beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the ancient Greek world with that of Western Asian, Northeastern African, and Southwestern Asian. The consequence of this mixture gave rise to a common Attic-based Greek dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca throughout the ancient world.\nDuring the Hellenistic period, Greek cultural influence reached its peak in the Mediterranean and beyond. Prosperity and progress in the arts, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science characterize the era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, translation efforts such as the Septuagint, and the philosophies of Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Pyrrhonism. In science, the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes are exemplary. Sculpture during this period was characterized by intense emotion and dynamic movement, as seen in sculptural works like the Dying Gaul and the Venus de Milo. A form of Hellenistic architecture arose which especially emphasized the building of grand monuments and ornate decorations, as exemplified by structures such as the Pergamon Altar. The religious sphere of Greek religion expanded through syncretic facets to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele, and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\nScholars and historians are divided as to which event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. There is a wide chronological range of proposed dates that have included the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by the expansionist Roman Republic in 146 BC following the Achaean War, the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, the end of the reign of the emperor Hadrian in AD 138, and the move by the emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in AD 330. Though this scope of suggested dates demonstrates a range of academic opinion, a generally accepted date by scholarship has been that of 31/30 BC.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word originated from ancient Greek ���λληνιστής (Hellēnist���s, \"one who uses the Greek language\"), from ���λλάς (Hellás, \"Greece\"); as if \"Hellenist\" + \"ic\".\nThe idea of a Hellenistic period is a 19th-century concept, and did not exist in ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: ���λληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it has been attributed to the 19th century German historian Johann Gustav Droysen, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus (History of Hellenism), coined the term Hellenistic to",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hellenistic period",
"paragraph_text": " In science, the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes are exemplary. Sculpture during this period was characterized by intense emotion and dynamic movement, as seen in sculptural works like the Dying Gaul and the Venus de Milo. A form of Hellenistic architecture arose which especially emphasized the building of grand monuments and ornate decorations, as exemplified by structures such as the Pergamon Altar. The religious sphere of Greek religion expanded through syncretic facets to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele, and a syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism in Bactria and Northwest India.\nScholars and historians are divided as to which event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. There is a wide chronological range of proposed dates that have included the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by the expansionist Roman Republic in 146 BC following the Achaean War, the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, the end of the reign of the emperor Hadrian in AD 138, and the move by the emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in AD 330. Though this scope of suggested dates demonstrates a range of academic opinion, a generally accepted date by scholarship has been that of 31/30 BC.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word originated from ancient Greek ���λληνιστής (Hellēnist���s, \"one who uses the Greek language\"), from ���λλάς (Hellás, \"Greece\"); as if \"Hellenist\" + \"ic\".\nThe idea of a Hellenistic period is a 19th-century concept, and did not exist in ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: ���λληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it has been attributed to the 19th century German historian Johann Gustav Droysen, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus (History of Hellenism), coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander's conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.\nThe major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority in the areas in which they settled, but in many cases, the Greek settlers were actually the minority among the native populations. The Greek population and the native population did not always mix; the Greeks moved and brought their own culture, but interaction did not always occur.\n\n\n== Sources ==\n\nWhile a few fragments exist, there are no complete surviving historical works that date to the hundred years following Alexander's death. The works of the major Hellenistic historians Hieronymus of Cardia (who worked under Alexander, Antigonus I and other successors), Duris of SamosThe Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in an influx of Greek colonists and the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms, a breadth spanning as far as modern-day India. These new Greek kingdoms were also influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where deemed beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the ancient Greek world with that of Western Asian, Northeastern African, and Southwestern Asian. The consequence of this mixture gave rise to a common Attic-based Greek dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca throughout the ancient world.\nDuring the Hellenistic period, Greek cultural influence reached its peak in the Mediterranean and beyond. Prosper",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the individual that all the diadochi emulated through painting pass away? | [
{
"id": 17508,
"question": "All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader?",
"answer": "Alexander the Great",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 17335,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "323 BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 323 BC | [] | true | When did the person all of the diadochi painted themselves to look like die? |
2hop__66167_88526 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders",
"paragraph_text": " records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoringWilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2007 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "reshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while OdenFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.FFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while OdenFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the NBA draft, who was selected prior to the player who holds the record for the highest points in a single NBA season? | [
{
"id": 66167,
"question": "who has the most points in a nba season",
"answer": "Kevin Durant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 88526,
"question": "who was picked before #1 in the nba draft",
"answer": "Greg Oden",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Greg Oden | [] | true | Who was picked before the player who has the most points in an NBA season in the NBA draft? |
3hop1__105767_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of ADemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kemplang",
"paragraph_text": "Kemplang is a traditional savory fish cracker (\"krupuk ikan\") snack commonly found in southern parts of Sumatra, Indonesia. Kemplang crackers are commonly made of \"ikan tenggiri\" (wahoo) or any type of Spanish mackerel, mixed with tapioca starch and other flavorings, sun-dried and then grilled or fried.Kemplang is a traditional savory fish cracker (\"krupuk ikan\") snack commonly found in southern parts of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.TheThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option on the ballot; this raised tensions to a boiling point, and within two hours of the announcement of the results, armed militia groups began attacking civilians. Militia continued to attack civilians as they withdrew from the country, and several massacres occurred as the troops filtered out of the area. A UN peacekeeping force known as INTERFET was deployed to stabilize the situation, made up of mostly Australian troops, and was withdrawn with the arrival of normal UN peacekeepers. East Timor eventually transitioned from a UN mandate to an independent country.\n\n\n== Report ==\nThe commission itself was announced in August 2006 and sought to establish \"the conclusive truth regarding human rights violations to have occurred prior to, immediately after the Popular Consultation on 30 August 1999\" as well as \"prepare recommendations that can contribute to healing wounds of the past and strengthen friendship\". The timing of the commission's creation was criticized by some, as it was believed that it was created to intentionally subvert calls for an international tribunal to deal with the events surrounding the 1999 plebiscite. The commission's mandate allowed it to review documents pertaining to four other inquiries surrounding the events that predated it: \"The Indonesian National Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Violations in East Timor in 1999\", \"The Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court on East Timor\", \"The Special Panels for Serious Crimes\", and \"The Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation\".\nThe commission was made up of four members appointed from each nation, and these commissioners were instructed to conduct a document review and analyze previous trials and investigations into the subject, including the UN Special Panels for Serious Crimes and Serious Crime Units in Dili, and the report of the Commission of Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste. The commission also stated its intent to research the \"historical background, political dynamics, and institutional structures that shaped events before and during 1999\" to \"inform its conclusions with a broader understanding of the way in which the causes of the violence in 1999 were connected to previously established institutional structures and practices.\"\nOperating over three years, the commission gave its final report on July 15, 2008, and presented it to the Presidents of Indonesia and East Timor, concluding that \"gross human rights violations in the form of crimes against humanity did occur in East Timor in 1999\" and that \"pro-autonomy militia groups, TNI, the Indonesian civil government, and Polri must all bear institutional responsibility\", as well as stating that \"from a moral and political perspective the respective states must accept state responsibility for the violations identified in the report.\" The commission also made recommendations that both nations begin institutional reform enhancing the strength of investigative and prosecuting bodies involved with investigations into the events, as well as forming joint security policy to ensure the safety of individuals in case of the recurrence of violence. It also noted the need to resolve other standing border and security issues between the two nations to allow for more cooperation. Notably, the report gave no recommendations of amnesty or rehabilitation. The report was endorsed by the president of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, making it the first recognition of the Indonesian government's complicity in human rights violations in East Timor by Indonesia.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nIn Indonesia and Timor, the report was presented to both governments and accepted by both the Timorese and Indonesian governments. However, Timorese NGO Timor-Leste National Alliance for International Tribunal wrote an open letter in response to the commission's findings with several criticisms, including the lack of public consultation with victims and parliamentary approval of the commission, as well as noting that the commission assigned institutional responsibility rather than individual responsibility, \"which is contrary to the principles of international laws which were ratified by the state of Timor-Leste and to Article 160 of its constitution which says that there must be a justice process for crimes against humanity.\", as well as stating their belief that the CAVR was a more trustworthy and support worthy commission for the government to support.\nInternationally, the report had a mixed reception. Some, such as the War Crimes Studies Center at the University of California, Berkeley, said that the commission could be seen as \"widely acknowledged as credible and far-reaching.\", noting that the Indonesian government's affirmation of the results was important and that the commission made arguments that \"there was credible evidence to indicate that Timorese institutions were also responsible for illegal detentions and possibly other crimes.\"\n\n\n== See also ==\nHistory of East Timor\nCommission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\nSanta Cruz massacre\n\n\n== References ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the leader of the recently recognized autonomous nation that is a member of the partnership for truth and camaraderie with the nation known for consuming Kemplang? | [
{
"id": 105767,
"question": "Which was the country for Kemplang?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Francisco Guterres | [] | true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country that is part of the commission of truth and friendship with the country that eats Kemplang? |
2hop__569582_304416 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kinfolk (album)",
"paragraph_text": " Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee and \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.\n\n\nKinfolk is the debut and only album by American rap duo Ali & Gipp, released on August 14, 2007, through Derrty Entertainment and Universal Records. The first single off the album was already released, called \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. The second single is \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly. The third single is \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee. The fourth and final single is \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.KKinfolk is the debut and only album by American rap duo Ali & Gipp, released on August 14, 2007, through Derrty Entertainment and Universal Records. The first single off the album was already released, called \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. The second single is \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly. The third single is \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee. The fourth and final single is \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett., Avery Storm, Big Rube, Bun B, CeeLo Green, Chocolate Tai, David Banner, Jasper Cameron, Juvenile, Kyjuan, LeToya Luckett, Lloyd, Tamala Jones and Three 6 Mafia. The album peaked at number 174 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.\nThe album was preceded by the single \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. Three further singles were released from the album: \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly, \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee and \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.\n\n\nKinfolk is the debut and only album by American rap duo Ali & Gipp, released on August 14, 2007, through Derrty Entertainment and Universal Records. The first single off the album was already released, called \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. The second single is \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly. The third single is \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee. The fourth and final single is \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.Kinfolk is the only studio album by American hip hop duo Ali & Gipp, consisting of Ali Jones of St. Lunatics and Big Gipp of Goodie Mob. It was released on August 14, 2007 through Universal Motown. Production was handled by DJ Speedy, Stee, The Trak Starz, T-Wayne, Dallas Austin, Jay E, Jasper Cameron, Jermaine Dupri, Nitti and Trife. It features guest appearances from Nelly, Murphy Lee, Avery Storm, Big Rube, Bun B, CeeLo Green, Chocolate Tai, David Banner, Jasper Cameron, Juvenile, Kyjuan, LeToya Luckett, Lloyd, Tamala Jones",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Almost Made Ya",
"paragraph_text": "e, The Trak Starz, T-Wayne, Dallas Austin, Jay E, Jasper Cameron, Jermaine Dupri, Nitti and Trife. It features guest appearances from Nelly, Murphy Lee, Avery Storm, Big Rube, Bun B, CeeLo Green, Chocolate Tai, David Banner, Jasper Cameron, Juvenile, Kyjuan, LeToya Luckett, Lloyd, Tamala Jones and Three 6 Mafia. The album peaked at number 174 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.\nThe album was preceded by the single \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. Three further singles were released from the album: \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly, \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee and \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAli & Gipp – Kinfolk at Discogs (list of releases)Kinfolk is the only studio album by American hip hop duo Ali &Almost Made Ya is an R&B song by American duo Ali & Gipp, for the debut album, \"Kinfolk\" (2007). The song samples Brandy's \"Almost Doesn't Count\". The song is about a relationship between a female and a male; LeToya sings that she is \"almost done\" with her man, that \"they\" need improve the relationship, while the men say about the situation they've been passing. The song leaked on April 13, 2007 and officially released (for commercial purposes) on Sunday, June 13, 2007. The song was written by LeToya Luckett, Jermaine Dupri, Ali Vaskabi-Waski-Jones, Cameron Gipp, Shelly Peiken and Guy RocheAlmost Made Ya is an R&B song by American duo Ali & Gipp, for the debut album, \"Kinfolk\" (2007). The song samples Brandy's \"Almost Doesn't Count\". The song is about a relationship between a female and a male; LeToya sings that she is \"almost done\" with her man, that \"they\" need improve the relationship, while the men say about the situation they've been passing. The song leaked on April 13, 2007 and officially released (for commercial purposes) on Sunday, June 13, 2007. The song was written by LeToya Luckett, Jermaine Dupri, Ali Vaskabi-Waski-Jones, Cameron Gipp, Shelly Peiken and Guy Roche the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.\nThe album was preceded by the single \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. Three further singles were released from the album: \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly, \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee and \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAli & Gipp – Kinfolk at Discogs (list of releases)Kinfolk is the only studio album by American hip hop duo Ali & Gipp, consisting of Ali Jones of St. Lunatics and Big Gipp of Goodie Mob. It was released on August 14, 2007 through Universal Motown. Production was handled by DJ Speedy, Stee, The Trak Starz, T-Wayne, Dallas Austin, Jay E, Jasper Cameron, Jermaine Dupri, Nitti and Trife. It features guest appearances from Nelly, Murphy Lee, Avery Storm, Big Rube, Bun B, CeeLo Green, Chocolate Tai, David Banner, Jasper Cameron, Juvenile, Kyjuan, LeToya Luckett, Lloyd, Tamala Jones and Three 6 Mafia. The album peaked at number 174 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.\nThe album was preceded by the single \"Go 'Head\" featuring Chocolate Tai. Three further singles were released from the album: \"N da Paint\" featuring Nelly, \"Work Dat, Twerk Dat\" featuring Murphy Lee and \"Almost Made Ya\" featuring LeToya Luckett.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAli & Gipp – Kinfolk at Discogs (list of releases)Kinfolk is the only studio album by American hip hop duo Ali &Almost Made Ya is an R&B song by American duo Ali & Gipp, for the debut album, \"Kinfolk\" (2007). The song samples Brandy's \"Almost Doesn't Count\". The song is about a relationship between a female and a male; LeToya sings that she is \"almost done\" with her man, that \"they\" need improve the relationship, while the men say about the situation they've been passing. The song leaked on April 13, 2007 and officially released (for commercial purposes) on Sunday, June 13, 2007. The song was written by LeToya Luckett, Jermaine Dupri, Ali Vaskabi-Waski-Jones, Cameron",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Under which record label does the artist who sang Almost Made Ya operate? | [
{
"id": 569582,
"question": "Almost Made Ya >> performer",
"answer": "Ali & Gipp",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 304416,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Derrty Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Derrty Entertainment | [] | true | What record label is the performer of Almost Made Ya signed to? |
2hop__423972_540249 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Giuliano de' Medici",
"paragraph_text": "ancesco de' Medici, in 1482.\nGiuliano had an illegitimate son by his mistress Fioretta Gorini, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, who would later become Pope Clement VII.\nThe Pazzi conspirators attempted to lure Giuliano and Lorenzo away from Florence to kill them outside the boundaries of the city – first on the road to Piombino, then in Rome, and finally at a banquet hosted by the Medici at their villa in Fiesole. Giuliano did not come, claiming to be ill. The choice to commit the murder at high mass was a last minute choice.\n\n\n== Death ==\n\nAs the opening stroke of the Pazzi conspiracy, Giuliano was assassinated on 26 April 1478 – in the Duomo of Florence, Santa Maria del Fiore, by Francesco de' Pazzi and Bernardo Baroncelli. During Mass, at the sounding of the Elevation, he received a fatal sword wound to the head and was stabbed 19 times. He died lying on the cathedral floor. Lorenzo, who had escaped to the Medici palace, did not learn of his brother's death for several hours.\n\nAfter a modest funeral on 30 April 1478, Giuliano was buried in his father's tomb in the Church of San Lorenzo, but later, with his brother Lorenzo, was reinterGiuliano de' Medici (25 March 1453 – 26 April 1478) was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. As co-ruler of Florence, with his brother Lorenzo the Magnificent, he complemented his brother's image as the \"patron of the arts\" with his own image as the handsome, sporting, \"golden boy.\"Giuliano de' Medici (25 March 1453 – 26 April 1478) was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. As co-ruler of Florence, with his brother Lorenzo the Magnificent, he complemented his brother's image as the \"patron of the arts\" with his own image as the handsome, sporting, \"golden boy.\" was killed in a plot known as the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nIn 1478, Giuliano was promised in marriage to Semiramide Appiani Aragona, daughter of Iacopo III Appiani, Prince of Piombino and niece of his presumed lover Simonetta Vespucci, though died before the wedding could take place. After Giuliano's death, Semiramide married his cousin, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, in 1482.\nGiuliano had an illegitimate son by his mistress Fioretta Gorini, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, who would later become Pope Clement VII.\nThe Pazzi conspirators attempted to lure Giuliano and Lorenzo away from Florence to kill them outside the boundaries of the city – first on the road to Piombino, then in Rome, and finally at a banquet hosted by the Medici at their villa in Fiesole. Giuliano did not come, claiming to be ill. The choice to commit the murder at high mass was a last minute choice.\n\n\n== Death ==\n\nAs the opening stroke of the Pazzi conspiracy, Giuliano was assassinated on 26 April 1478 – in the Duomo of Florence, Santa Maria",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Nannina de' Medici",
"paragraph_text": " 2500 fiorini d'oro. Nannina was brought to her husband's house five years later, on 8 June 1466. The wedding feast was famous for its opulence: 500 guests were seated on a triangular dais which occupied the loggia and the whole of the piazza and the street in front of Palazzo Rucellai. The couple had five children, Cosimo, Piero, Palla, Giovanni and Lucrezia.\nNannina de' Medici died on 14 May 1493 and was buried in the Rucellai Chapel of the church of San Pancrazio in Florence.:��166��\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nMarcello Vannucci ([Nannina de' Medici (14 February 1448 – 14 May 1493), born Lucrezia de' Medici, was the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was thus the elder sister of Lorenzo de' Medici. She married Bernardo Rucellai. Her father's name was Piero, so she is sometimes known as Lucrezia di Piero de' Medici.Lucrezia \"Nannina de' Medici (14 February 1448 – 14 May 1493), born Lucrezia de' Medici, was the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was thus the elder sister of Lorenzo de' Medici. She married Bernardo Rucellai. Her father's name was Piero, so she is sometimes known as Lucrezia di Piero de' Medici.' Medici was born in Florence on 14 February 1448, the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni.:��11�� She was nicknamed Nannina, which had been the nickname of her great-grandmother Piccarda Bueri. She received a cultured and refined education.\nIn 1461, at the age of about 13, she was married to Bernardo Rucellai with a dowry of 2500 fiorini d'oro. Nannina was brought to her husband's house five years later, on 8 June 1466. The wedding feast was famous for its opulence: 500 guests were seated on a triangular dais which occupied the loggia and the whole of the piazza and the street in front of Palazzo Rucellai. The couple had five children, Cosimo, Piero, Palla, Giovanni and Lucrezia.\nNannina de' Medici died on 14 May 1493 and was buried in the Rucellai Chapel of the church of San Pancrazio in Florence.:��166��\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nMarcello Vannucci ([Nannina de' Medici (14 February 1448 – 14 May 1493), born Lucrezia de' Medici, was the second daughter of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. She was thus the elder sister of Lorenzo de' Medici. She married Bernardo Rucellai. Her father's name was",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was Nannina de' Medici's brother or sister? | [
{
"id": 423972,
"question": "Nannina de' Medici >> mother",
"answer": "Lucrezia Tornabuoni",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 540249,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Giuliano de' Medici",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | Giuliano de' Medici | [] | true | Who was the sibling of Nannina de' Medici? |
2hop__59366_71206 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"paragraph_text": " two seasons.\nFor its first seven seasons, Drew's workplace is the office of fictional Cleveland department store Winfred-Louder, where he has worked for years and still works as assistant director of personnel. One of his coworkers is Mimi Bobeck (Kathy Kinney), a large woman with a clownish wardrobe, a lot of make-up (including her trademark bright blue eye shadow), and a foul mutual dislike for Drew. The two eventually become closer (although still maintaining a less heated rivalry), primarily because Mimi fell in love with and married Drew's cross-dressing heterosexual brother Steve (John Carroll Lynch), a frequently recurring character.\nIn the first season they work for the unseen Mr. Bell (Kevin Pollak), only seen in the season one finale, to which he is greeted with applause; in later seasons, their boss and sometimes-co-worker is Nigel Wick (Craig Ferguson), an eccentric, sadistic and unlucky Englishman. In the final two seasons, they work for peaceful, hippie-like Evan (Kyle Howard) and the much more professional Scott (Jonathan Mangum), tech-smart but naïve twenty-somethings who own the Neverending Store, an online retailer with offices in the same location.\nIn addition to his day job, Drew, along with Oswald, Lewis, and Kate (replaced from around Season 5 onwards by Mimi), runs a small business out of his garage, selling Buzz Beer, a caffeinated alcoholic drink. It becomes popular in the region and is served at the group's hangout, The Warsaw Tavern.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\n\n\n=== Season 1 (1995–1996) ===\nThe first season's opening credits consisted of a caricature of Carey's face wearing a yellow tie—singing the Robert McGuire-penned \"Moon Over Parma\". The song was trimmed for the opening sequence, and the reference to Eastlake in the line \"Guide her to Eastlake underneath your silvery light\" was changed to a reference to Cleveland to stay in theme with the show.\nIn the first season, Drew and Mimi worked under Mr. Bell, who existed only as a voice on Drew's speakerphone, excluding the season finale (his final episode, played by Kevin Pollak) wherein he is fired by Winfred-Louder's new owners. Other characters that appeared exclusively in this period were Drew's hillbilly neighbor Jules and his family. Drew's first girlfriend Lisa was introduced in this season, as was Jay, Kate's love interest who used to attend the same high school as Drew and his friends. Both characters lasted until Season 2, where they were quickly written out of the show in the early episodes.\nNine of the episode titles were related to chemistry in some way, with names such as \"The Joining of Two Unlike Elements Is a Mixture\" and \"Isomers Have Distinct Characteristics\". However, this theme was abandoned by the end of the season.\n\n\n=== Seasons 2–7 (1996–2002) ===\n\"Moon Over Parma\" was phased out during the second season by \"Five O'Clock World\" sung by The Vogues. This season introduced openings that paid homage to music videos which included the cast dancing and singing around the various sets of the show.\nIn the third season, the opening theme was changed to \"Cleveland Rocks\", a cover of an Ian Hunter song performed by The Presidents of the United States of America. The video consisted of shots of Cleveland ending with their ballparkDrew Carey is a fictionalized version of himself, a self - proclaimed ``everyman ''. Drew Carey (the actor) has been quoted as saying his character is what the actor would have been if he had not become an actor. He has a`` gang'' of friends who embark with him on his everyday trials and tribulations. Drew's friends include erudite but unambitious Lewis (Ryan Stiles), excitable dimwitted Oswald (Diedrich Bader) and his friend (later on - off girlfriend) Kate (Christa Miller). In the final two seasons, Kate gets married and moves to Guam, in the same two - part episode that introduces and develops Drew's relationship with Kellie (Cynthia Watros), which carries on over the final two seasons.TheDrew Carey is a fictionalized version of himself, a self - proclaimed ``everyman ''. Drew Carey (the actor) has been quoted as saying his character is what the actor would have been if he had not become an actor. He has a`` gang'' of friends who embark with him on his everyday trials and tribulations. Drew's friends include erudite but unambitious Lewis (Ryan Stiles), excitable dimwitted Oswald (Diedrich Bader) and his friend (later on - off girlfriend) Kate (Christa Miller). In the final two seasons, Kate gets married and moves to Guam, in the same two - part episode that introduces and develops Drew's relationship with Kellie (Cynthia Watros), which carries on over the final two seasons..\n\n\n== Premise ==\n\nThe character portrayed by Drew Carey shares his name and is a fictionalized version of himself, a self-proclaimed \"everyman\". Carey has explained that his character is what he himself would have been if he had not become an actor. He has a core group of friends who embark with him on his everyday trials and tribulations. Drew's friends include erudite but unambitious Lewis (Ryan Stiles), excitable dimwitted Oswald (Diedrich Bader) and his friend (later on-off girlfriend) Kate (Christa Miller). In the final two seasons, Kate gets married and moves to Guam, in the same two-part episode that introduces and develops Drew's relationship with Kellie (Cynthia Watros), which carries on over the final two seasons.\nFor its first seven seasons, Drew's workplace is the office of fictional Cleveland department store Winfred-Louder, where he has worked for years and still works as assistant director of personnel. One of his coworkers is Mimi Bobeck (Kathy Kinney), a large woman with a clownish wardrobe, a lot of make",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "47 Meters Down",
"paragraph_text": ". They swim as fast as they can to the surface near the boat. As they cling to a life ring to get to the boat, one of the sharks bites Lisa's leg and pulls her back down to the water. Lisa fights the shark by hitting it and gouging its eye out, which causes the shark to release her. Captain Taylor and the other men are able to pull Lisa and Kate onto the boat and begin administering first aid. However, as Lisa stares at her hand on the deck of the boat, it is revealed that she has been hallucinating for some time due to the excess nitrogen in her blood from the air tanks. Her leg is still trapped under the cage on the ocean floor as she laughs and imagines that she is talking to Kate on the boat deck. The coast guard comes to rescue her and carries Lisa to the surface without Kate. Lisa, as she is slowly and cautiously being brought to the surface, comes out of her hallucination, and also notices her sister is not with her. She starts to cry and call out to Kate, realizing that Kate had been dead since the shark attacked and dragged her away.Taylor yells for them to drop their gear and make a break for the surface. They swim as fast as they can to the surface near the boat. As they cling to a life ring to get to the boat, one of the sharks bites Lisa's leg and pulls her back down to the water. Lisa fights the shark by hitting it and gouging its eye out, which causes the shark to release her. Captain Taylor and the other men are able to pull Lisa and Kate onto the boat and begin administering first aid. However, as Lisa stares at her hand on the deck of the boat, it is revealed that she has been hallucinating for some time due to the excess nitrogen in her blood from the air tanks. Her leg is still trapped under the cage on the ocean floor as she laughs and imagines that she is talking to Kate on the boat deck. The coast guard comes to rescue her and carries Lisa to the surface without Kate. Lisa, as she is slowly and cautiously being brought to the surface, comes out of her hallucination, and also notices her sister is not with her. She starts to cry and call out to Kate, realizing that Kate had been dead since the shark attacked and dragged her away. never dived, is wary of the boat and its owner, Captain Taylor. They lie to him and tell him that they are both experienced divers and he agrees to take them out.\nLisa and Kate make a descent in a cage, with masks that allow them to talk to Taylor on the surface and to each other. They are soon surrounded by great white sharks, but the winch boom breaks free and the cage sinks to the ocean floor, 47 m (154 ft) below the surface and out of communication range with the boat. Kate swims up until she is able to resume communication with Taylor, who tells her that one of his men, Javier, will be coming down with a spare winch cable. He advises them to stay in the cage because the sharks are close by. Both women are running out of air but soon see a flashlight in the distance and Lisa swims out to attract attention, managing to avoid a shark which tries to attack her.\nShe becomes disoriented and Javier attempts to usher her back towards safety, but he is killed by a great white shark. Lisa takes his spear gun and the winch cable and swims back toTaylor yells for them to drop their gear and make a break for the surface. They swim as fast as they can to the surface near the boat. As they cling to a life ring to get to the boat, one of the sharks bites Lisa's leg and pulls her back down to the water. Lisa fights the shark by hitting it and gouging its eye out, which causes the shark to release her. Captain Taylor and the other men are able to pull Lisa and Kate onto the boat and begin administering first aid. However, as Lisa stares at her hand on the deck of the boat, it is revealed that she has been hallucinating for some time due to the excess nitrogen in her blood from the air tanks. Her leg is still trapped under the cage on the ocean floor as she laughs and imagines that she is talking to Kate on the boat deck. The coast guard comes to rescue her and carries Lisa to the surface without Kate. Lisa, as she is slowly and cautiously being brought to the surface, comes out of her hallucination, and also notices her sister is not with her. She starts to cry and call out to Kate, realizing that Kate had been dead since the shark attacked and dragged her away.47 Meters Down is a 2017 survival horror film directed by Johannes Roberts, written by Roberts and Ernest Riera, and starring Claire Holt and Mandy Moore. The plot follows two sisters who are invited to cage dive while on holiday in Mexico. When the winch system holding the cage breaks and the cage plummets to the ocean floor with the two girls trapped inside, they must find a way to escape, with their air supplies running low and great white sharks stalking nearby.\nThe film was released in the United States on 16 June 2017, and in the United Kingdom on 26 July 2017. The film was commercially successful, grossing $62.6 million worldwide against a budget of about $5 million.\nA sequel titled 47",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who portrays the character on The Drew Carey Show that shares a name with the character who passed away in the film 47 Meters Down? | [
{
"id": 59366,
"question": "who died in the movie 47 meters down",
"answer": "Kate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 71206,
"question": "who plays #1 on the drew carey show",
"answer": "Christa Miller",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Christa Miller | [] | true | On The Drew Carey Show, who plays the character with the same name as the character who died in 47 Meters Down? |
3hop1__593597_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioningSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the LexusA facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Scion Fuse",
"paragraph_text": "-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.gThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion. The Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was first introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show. According to Scion, the Fuse is a 2-door coupe with 4 seats and swan doors for clearer ground clearance. multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the body style of the RX 350 redesigned by the Scion Fuse's manufacturing company's luxury division? | [
{
"id": 593597,
"question": "Scion Fuse >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] | Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | [] | true | When did the luxury division of the manufacturer of Scion Fuse change the body style of the RX 350? |
4hop3__372437_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ott",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Na Khaulom",
"paragraph_text": " north–south. The small town of Borikham lies toNa Khaulom or Ban Na Khaulom is a village in Bolikhamsai Province, in western Laos. It lies in Paksan District, to the east by road from Nong Boua and Paksan near the border with Thailand.Na Khaulom is the eastern point of the road leading out of Paksan. At Na Khaulom the road splits north-south. The small town of Borikham lies to the north.NNa Khaulom or Ban Na Khaulom is a village in Bolikhamsai Province, in western Laos. It lies in Paksan District, to the east by road from Nong Boua and Paksan near the border with Thailand.Na Khaulom is the eastern point of the road leading out of Paksan. At Na Khaulom the road splits north-south. The small town of Borikham lies to the north..\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMaplandia World GazetteerNa Khaulom (Ban Na Khaulom) is a village in Bolikhamsai Province, in western Laos. It lies in Paksan District, to the east by road from Nong Boua and Pakxan near the border with Thailand. Na Khaulom is the eastern point of the road leading out of Pakxan. At Na Khaulom the road splits north–south. The small town",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, ThailandMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 8888 Uprising then resulted in a nominal transition to a multi-party system two years later, but the country's post-uprising military council refused to cede power, and has continued to rule the country through to the present. The country remains riven by ethnic strife among its myriad ethnic groups and has one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. The United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systemic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners were released and the 2015 Myanmar general election was held, leading to improved foreign relations and eased economic sanctions, although the country's treatment of its ethnic minorities, particularly in connection with the Rohingya conflict, continued to be a source of international tension and consternation. Following the 2020 Myanmar general election, in which Aung San Suu Kyi’s party won a clear majority in both houses, the Burmese military (Tatmadaw) again seized power in a coup d'état. The coup, which was widely condemned by the international community, led to continuous ongoing widespread protests in Myanmar and has been marked by violent political repression by the military, as well as a larger outbreak of the civil war. The military also arrested Aung San Suu Kyi in order to remove her from public life, and charged her with crimes ranging from corruption to the violation of COVID-19 protocols; all of the charges against her are \"politically motivated\" according to independent observers.\nMyanmar is a member of the East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, ASEAN, and BIMSTEC, but it is not a member of the Commonwealth of Nations despite once being part of the British Empire. Myanmar is a Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The country is very rich in natural resources, such as jade, gems, oil, natural gas, teak and other minerals, as well as also endowed with renewable energy, having the highest solar power potential compared to other countries of the Great Mekong Subregion. However, Myanmar has long suffered from instability, factional violence, corruption, poor infrastructure, as well as a long history of colonial exploitation with little regard to human development. In 2013, its GDP (nominal) stood at US$56.7 billion and its GDP (PPP) at US$221.5 billion. The income gap in Myanmar is among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by cronies of the military junta. Myanmar is one of the least developed countries; as of 2020, according to the Human Development Index, it ranks 147 out of 189 countries in terms of human development, the lowest in Southeast Asia. Since 2021, more than 600,000 people were displaced across Myanmar due to the surge in violence post-coup, with more than 3 million people in dire need of humanitarian assistance.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe name of the country has been a matter of dispute and disagreement, particularly in the early 21st century, focusing mainly on the political legitimacy of those using Myanmar versus Burma. Both names derive from the earlier Burmese Mranma or Mramma, an ethnonym for the majority Burman ethnic group, of uncertain etymology. The terms are also popularly thought to derive from Sanskrit Brahma Desha, 'land of Brahma'.\nIn 1989, the military government officially changed the English translations of many names dating back to Burma's colonial period or earlier, including that of the country itself: Burma became Myanmar. The renaming remains a contested issue. Many political and ethnic opposition groups and countries continue to use Burma because they do not recognise the legitimacy or authority of the military government.\nThe country's official full name is \"Republic of the Union of Myanmar\" (Burmese: �������������������������������� ����������������������������������, Pyihtaungsu Thamada Myanma Naingngantaw, pronounced [pjìdà����z��� ��à��məda�� mjəmà nà������à��d��̀]). Countries that do not officially recognise that name use the long form \"Union of Burma\" instead. In English, the country is popularly known as either Burma or Myanmar. In Burmese, the pronunciation depends on the register used and is either Bama (pronounced [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced [mjəmà]).\nOfficial United States foreign policy retains Burma as the country's name although the State Department's website lists the country as Burma (Myanmar). The United Nations uses Myanmar, as does the ASEAN and as do Australia, Russia, Germany, China, India, Bangladesh, Norway, Japan, Switzerland, and Canada. Most English-speaking international news media refer to the country by the name Myanmar, including the BBC,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the method of expulsion for individuals, for whom new coins symbolized a declaration of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, from the natural border between Na Khaulom's nation and Thailand? | [
{
"id": 372437,
"question": "Na Khaulom >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Na Khaulom's country? |
4hop3__754156_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "A Lim",
"paragraph_text": " Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It isA Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. ItA Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.A Lim is a village",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries andMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the tripoint with India at the peak of Teen Matha for",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "yanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 8888 Uprising then resulted in a nominal transition to a multi-party system two years later, but the country's post-uprising military council refused to cede power, and has continued to rule the country through to the present. The country remains riven by ethnic strife among its myriad ethnic groups and has one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. The United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistentThe dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Between Thailand and A Lim's nation, how were the individuals, for whom the introduction of new currency was a declaration of independence by the Ajuran Empire of Somalia, forced out? | [
{
"id": 754156,
"question": "A Lim >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | [] | true | How were the people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the country between Thailand and A Lim's country? |
2hop__500379_126537 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Unisys",
"paragraph_text": "A gift or a present is an item given to someone without the expectation of payment or anything in return. An item is not a gift if it is already owned by the recipient. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, aUnisys was formed in 1986 through the merger of mainframe corporations Sperry and Burroughs, with Burroughs buying Sperry for $4.8 billion. The name was chosen from over 31,000 submissions in an internal competition when Christian L Machen submitted the word \"Unisys\" which was composed of parts of the words \"united\", \"information\" and \"systems\".Unisys was formed in 1986 through the merger of mainframe corporations Sperry and Burroughs, with Burroughs buying Sperry for $4.8 billion. The name was chosen from over 31,000 submissions in an internal competition when Christian L Machen submitted the word \"Unisys\" which was composed of parts of the words \"united\", \"information\" and \"systems\".A",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Robert Smallwood",
"paragraph_text": "wood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs CorporationSmallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.SmallwoodSmallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs CorporationSmallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where he implemented some of the first commercially available document imaging systems, and law firm software.Smallwood moved to New Orleans where he worked for Burroughs Corporation (later Unisys after a merger with Sperry) implementing mainframe computer and document management systems for commercial banks and the Federal Reserve Bank branch in New Orleans. Later he worked for Wang Laboratories where",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the date of the merger that created a new corporation from Burroughs Corporation? | [
{
"id": 500379,
"question": "Burroughs Corporation >> followed by",
"answer": "Unisys",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 126537,
"question": "In what year did #1 first exist?",
"answer": "1986",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 1986 | [] | true | When did Burroughs Corporation merge to form a new corporation? |
3hop2__87184_36497_76291 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "114th United States Congress",
"paragraph_text": " its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally, the Republican's freshmen liaison was Mimi Walters of California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of membersThe One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931. California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 114th Congress by seniority\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The 114th United States Congress began on January 3, 2015. There were 13 new senators (one Democrat, 12 Republicans) and 59 new representatives (15 Democrats, 44 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (one Democrat, one Republican), at the start of its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "United States Air Force",
"paragraph_text": " Station or Air National Guard Station is used to name installations, typically but not exclusively without a flying mission, that are operated by a unit of at least squadron size, that does not otherwise meet the criteria of being a base.\nAir Force Auxiliary Airfield is used if the installation has an aircraft operating area that provides operational activities in support of a primary installation and depends upon a primary installation for administrative and logistical support.\nAir Force Plant is used if the installation is Air Force controlled industrial property operated by a contractor. Air Force Plants are numbered rather than named.\nAir Base is typically but not always used to name an installation located outside the United States or its territories.\nActive duty Installations are normally named after notable Air Force personnel, whereas Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard installations are either named in the same manner or after the community in which they are located.\n\n\n== United States ==\nInstallations and locations in the contiguous United States. For Alaska and Hawaii see Pacific, East Asia and South East Asia section.\n\n\n=== Active Duty ===\nActive-duty USAF bases in the United States are under the jurisdiction of the followingThe Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.0. This change reflects a Cold War expansion, retirement of much of the strategic bomber force, and the post–Cold War draw-down. Over time, the USAF has constantly realigned its forces within the network of bases to reflect current needs and strategies.\nThe Air Force use several terms to identify the different type of installations it operates:\n\nAir Force Base, Air Reserve Base or Air Guard Base are used to describe an installation from which aircraft operations can be conducted or from which major activities of importance to Air Force combat, combat support, or training missions can be supported.\nAir Force Station (sometimes Air Station), Air Reserve Station or Air National Guard Station is used to name installations, typically but not exclusively without a flying mission, that are operated by a unit of at least squadron size, that does not otherwise meet the criteria of being a base.\nAir Force Auxiliary Airfield is used if the installation has an aircraft operating area that provides operational activities in support of a primary installation and depends upon a primary installation for administrative and logistical support.\nAir Force Plant is used if the installation is Air Force controlled industrial property operated by a contractor. Air Force Plants are numbered rather than named.\nAir Base is typically but not always used to name an installation located outside the United States or its territories.\nActive duty Installations are normally named after notable Air Force personnel, whereas Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard installations are either named in the same manner or after the community in which they are located.\n\n\n== United States ==\nInstallations and locations in the contiguous United States. For Alaska and Hawaii see Pacific, East Asia and South East Asia section.\n\n\n=== Active Duty ===\nActive-duty USAF bases in the United States are under the jurisdiction of the following Major Commands. There are 57 Active Bases across the country:\n\n\n=== Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve ===\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in Colorado. This is the most recent Senate election where any Republican flipped an open Democratic-heldThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has won a U.S. Senate election in Colorado. This is the most recent Senate election where any Republican flipped an open Democratic-held seat. It also remains the last time that the president's party has suffered a net loss of Senate seats in a midterm election cycle.\n\n\n== Partisan composition ==\nFor a majority, Republicans needed at least 51 seats. Democrats could have retained a majority with 48 seats (assuming the two Independents continued to caucus with them) because the Democratic Vice President Joe Biden would become the tie-breaker. From 1915 to 2013, control of the U.S. Senate flipped in 10 of 50 cycles, or 20% of theThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:The 2014 United States Senate elections were held on November 4, 2014. A total of 36 seats in the 100-member U.S. Senate were contested. 33 Class 2 seats were contested for regular 6-year terms to be served from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2021, and 3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowest turnout rate since the 1942 election cycle.\nAs of 2022, this remains the last time that a Republican has",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the date when the party currently dominating the House of Representatives assumed command, specifically for verifying the President's USAF nomination decisions? | [
{
"id": 87184,
"question": "who controls the house of representatives right now",
"answer": "the Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 36497,
"question": "Upon whom does the President call on for support in his appointments to the USAF?",
"answer": "Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #1 take control of the #2",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | January 2015 | [] | true | When did the party that controls the House of Representatives right now, take control of the political body that the President calls on to support his USAF appointments? |
2hop__157376_643670 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Het Scheur",
"paragraph_text": " was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ��sxø��r]; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and NHet Scheur (; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea. the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and curved south a few kilometres past Maassluis to join the Nieuwe Maas again in the Maasmond (\"Mouth of Meuse\") estuary near Den Briel. When the Nieuwe Waterweg was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ��sxø��r]; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and curved south a few kilometres past Maassluis to join the Nieuwe Maas again in the Maasmond (\"Mouth of Meuse\") estuary near Den Briel. When the Nieuwe Waterweg was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ��sxø��r]; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and curved south a few kilometres past Maassluis to join the Nieuwe Maas again in the Maasmond (\"Mouth of Meuse\") estuary near Den Briel. When the Nieuwe Water",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Willemsbrug",
"paragraph_text": " of the traffic using the old bridge, it was decided to build the new one 150 metres upstream to avoid upsetting the daily flow of traffic across the river. After the completion of the new bridge, the old one was demolished.\nThe Willemsbrug is a cable-stayed bridge with a total span of about 318 meters. It is painted in a red color which puts it in sharp contrast with the light blue painted Erasmus Bridge.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Willemsbrug in Rotterdam at Wikimedia CommonsThe Willemsbrug (English: \"Williams Bridge\") is a bridge next to the Erasmusbrug in the centre of Rotterdam, Netherlands, spanning the Nieuwe Maas. It links the northern part of the city with the Noordereiland and (in combination with the Koninginnebrug) the district of Feijenoord.\nThe bridge was completed in 1981, designed by C. Veerling and named after King Willem III of the Netherlands. It replaced an older bridge that had been opened in 1879 but was severely outdated by the time the decision was made to build a new one. Because of the intensity of the traffic using the old bridge, it was decided to build the new one 150 metres upstream to avoid upsetting the daily flow of traffic across the river. After the completion of the new bridge, the old one was demolished.\nThe Willemsbrug is a cable-stayed bridge with a total span of about 318 meters. It is painted in a red color which puts it in sharp contrast with the light blue painted Erasmus Bridge.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Willemsbrug in Rotterdam at Wikimedia CommonsThe Willemsbrug (English: \"Williams Bridge\") is a bridge next to the Erasmusbrug in the centre of Rotterdam, Netherlands, spanning the Nieuwe Maas. It links the northern part of the city with the NoordereilandThe Willemsbrug is a bridge next to the Erasmusbrug in the centre of Rotterdam, spanning the Nieuwe Maas. It links the northern part of the city with the \"Noordereiland\" and (in combination with the Koninginnebrug) the district of \"Feijenoord\".The Willemsbrug is a bridge next to the Erasmusbrug in the centre of Rotterdam, spanning the Nieuwe Maas. It links the northern part of the city with the \"Noordereiland\" and (in combination with the Koninginnebrug) the district of \"Feijenoord\". of Feijenoord.\nThe bridge was completed in 1981, designed by C. Veerling and named after King Willem III of the Netherlands. It replaced an older bridge that had been opened in 1879 but was severely outdated by the time the decision was made to build a new one. Because of the intensity of the traffic using the old bridge, it was decided to build the new one 150 metres upstream to avoid upsetting the daily flow of traffic across the river. After the completion of the new bridge, the old one was demolished.\nThe Willemsbrug is a cable-stayed bridge with a total span of about 318 meters. It is painted in a red color which puts it in sharp contrast with the light blue painted Erasmus Bridge.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Willemsbrug in Rotterdam at Wikimedia CommonsThe Willemsbrug (English: \"Williams Bridge\") is a bridge next to the Erasmusbrug in the centre of Rotterdam, Netherlands, spanning the Nieuwe Maas. It links the northern part of the city with the Noordereiland and (in combination",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which body of water does the Willemsbrug bridge span over at its mouth? | [
{
"id": 157376,
"question": "What does Willemsbrug cross over?",
"answer": "Nieuwe Maas",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 643670,
"question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Het Scheur",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | Het Scheur | [] | true | Of which watercourse is the river the Willemsbrug crosses over the mouth? |
2hop__9223_9237 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Marshall Islands",
"paragraph_text": " 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. In May 1979, the United States gave the Marshall Islands independence by recognizing its constitution and president, Amata Kabua. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a member of the Pacific Community (PC) since 1983 and a United Nations member state since 1991. Politically, the Marshall Islands is a parliamentary republic with an executive presidency in free association with the United States, with the U.S. providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S.-based agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the United States Postal Service. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product, and although most financial aid from the Compact of Free Association was set to expire in 2023, it was extended for another 20 years that same year. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency. In 2018, it also announced plans for a new cryptocurrency to be used as legal tender.\nThe majority of the citizens of the Republic of Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines, and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is one of the Oceanic languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practices some religion: three-quarters of the country follows either the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Prehistory ===\n\nLinguistic and anthropological studies have suggested that the first Austronesian settlers of the Marshall Islands arrived from the Solomon Islands. Radiocarbon dating suggests that Bikini Atoll may have been inhabited as early as 1200 BCE, though samples may not have been collected from secure stratigraphic contexts and older driftwood samples may have affected results. Archaeological digs on other atolls have found evidence of human habitation dating around the 1st century CE at the village of Laura on Majuro and on Kwajalein Atoll.\nThe Austronesian settlers introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens throughout the Marshall Islands. They possibly seeded the islands by leaving coconuts at seasonal fishing camps before permanently settling years later. The southern islands receive heavier rainfall than the north, so communities in the wet south subsisted on prevalent taro and breadfruit, while northerners were more likely to subsist on pandanus and coconuts. Southern atolls probably supported larger, more dense populations.\n\nThe Marshallese sailed between islands on walaps made from breadfruit-tree wood and coconut-fiber rope. They navigated by using the stars for orientation and initial course setting, but also developed a piloting technique of interpreting disruptions in ocean swells to determine the location of low coral atolls below the horizon. They noticed that swells refracted around the undersea slope of atolls. When refracted swells from different directions met, they created noticeable disruption patterns, which Marshallese pilots could read to determine the direction of an island. When interviewed by anthropologists, some Marshallese sailors noted that they piloted their canoes by both sight and feeling changes in the motion of the boat. Sailors also invented stick charts to map the swell patterns, but unlike western navigational charts, the Marshallese stick charts were tools for teaching students and for consultation before embarking on a voyage; navigators did not take charts with them when they set sail.\nWhen Russian explorer Otto von Kotzebue visited the Marshalls in 1817, the islanders still showed few signs of western influence. He observed that the Marshallese lived in thatched-roof huts, but their villages did not include the large ornate meeting houses found in other parts of Micronesia. They did not have furniture, except for woven mats, which they used for both floor coverings and clothing. The Marshallese had pierced ears and tattoos. He learned that Marshallese families practiced infanticide after the birth of a third child as a form of population planning due to frequent famines. He also noted that Marshallese iroij held considerable authority and rights to all property, though he had a more favorable view of the condition of Marshallese commoners than of that of Polynesian commoners. The Marshalls' two island groups, the Ratak and Ralik chains, were each ruled by a paramount chief, or iroijlaplap, who held authority over the individual island iroij.\n\n\n=== European exploration ===\n\nOn August 21, 1526, Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to sight the Marshall Islands. While commanding the Santa Maria de la Victoria, he sighted an atoll with a green lagoon, which may have been Taongi. The crew could not land, because of strong currents and water too deep for the ship's anchor, so the ship sailed for Guam two days later. On January 2, 1528, the expedition of Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón landed on an uninhabited island, possibly in Ailinginae Atoll, where they resupplied and stayed for six days. Natives from a neighboring island briefly met the Spanish. This expedition named the islands 'Los Pintados' or \"the Painted Ones\" for the natives who wore tattoos. Later Spanish explorers of the Marshalls included Ruy López de Villalobos, Miguel López de Legazpi, Alonso de Arellano,Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012. half of the country's population.\nAustronesian settlers reached the Marshall Islands as early as the 2nd millennium BC and introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens, which made the islands permanently habitable. Several Spanish expeditions visited the islands in the mid-16th century, but Spanish galleons usually sailed a Pacific route farther north and avoided the Marshalls. European maps and charts named the group for British captain John Marshall, who explored the region in 1788. American Protestant missionaries and Western business interests began arriving in the 1850s. German copra traders dominated the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Marshall Islands",
"paragraph_text": " the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance of Pacific islands. In May 1979, the United States gave the Marshall Islands independence by recognizing its constitution and president, Amata Kabua. Full sovereignty or self-government was achieved in a Compact of Free Association with theOn September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use. half of the country's population.\nAustronesian settlers reached the Marshall Islands as early as the 2nd millennium BC and introduced Southeast Asian crops, including coconuts, giant swamp taro, and breadfruit, as well as domesticated chickens, which made the islands permanently habitable. Several Spanish expeditions visited the islands in the mid-16th century, but Spanish galleons usually sailed a Pacific route farther north and avoided the Marshalls. European maps and charts named the group for British captain John Marshall, who explored the region in 1788. American Protestant missionaries and Western business interests began arriving in the 1850s. German copra traders dominated the economy in the 1870s and 1880s, and the German Empire annexed the Marshalls as a protectorate in 1885. The Empire of Japan occupied the islands in the autumn of 1914 at the beginning of World War I. After the war, the Marshalls and other former German Pacific colonies north of the equator became the Japanese South Seas Mandate. The United States occupied the islands during World War II and administered them as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands after the war. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll.\nThe U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965, a plan for increased self-governance",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the opening date of the first mosque situated in the same location as the Tobolar Copra factory? | [
{
"id": 9223,
"question": "Where was the Tobolar Copra plant located?",
"answer": "Majuro",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 9237,
"question": "When did the first mosque in #1 open?",
"answer": "September 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | September 2012 | [
"2012"
] | true | When did the first mosque open in the place where Tobolar Copra plant is located? |
4hop3__673447_132409_145082_35031 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": " climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.San Diego County ( ), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine Corps Air Station MirThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census. of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Infest (album)",
"paragraph_text": "\". Papa Roach toured in 1999; the band had an underground fan base in California. Due to the underground success of the 1999 demo heard by in house producers Tim & Bob, they started working with the band and eventually got Papa Roach signed to DreamWorks Records.\n\n\n== Writing and recording ==\nPapa Roach went to the studio in late of 1999 to record Infest. Though many songs including \"Last Resort\", \"Broken Home\", \"Revenge\", and \"Dead Cell\" had already been recorded, the band re-recorded them and made some changes toInfest is the second studio album and major-label debut by the American rock band Papa Roach. It was released on April 25, 2000 through DreamWorks Records, and became the 20th highest-selling album of 2000 in the United States. The sound of the album is nu metal and rap metal. Many of the album songs contains rapping and hip hop influences. It was certified 3× Platinum in the U.S. on July 18, 2001, and peaked at 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. This album earned the band a Grammy nomination for Best New Artist. \"Infest\" has sold more than seven million copies worldwide with three million in U.S. and is their best-selling album to date.InfInfest is the second studio album and major-label debut by the American rock band Papa Roach. It was released on April 25, 2000 through DreamWorks Records, and became the 20th highest-selling album of 2000 in the United States. The sound of the album is nu metal and rap metal. Many of the album songs contains rapping and hip hop influences. It was certified 3× Platinum in the U.S. on July 18, 2001, and peaked at 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. This album earned the band a Grammy nomination for Best New Artist. \"Infest\" has sold more than seven million copies worldwide with three million in U.S. and is their best-selling album to date. in its entirety in studio to stream worldwide on June 20, 2020. The whole performance was released on YouTube on September 15, 2020.\n\n\n== Background ==\nPapa Roach was formed in 1993, as a funk metal and rap rock band. In February 1997, Papa Roach released their first album, Old Friends from Young Years, though the album failed to get the band a record deal. Papa Roach release new demos in 1998, and a demo in 1999 featuring the songs, \"Last Resort\", \"Broken Home\", \"She Loves Me Not\" (the only song which would not end up in this album, instead being re-recorded for Lovehatetragedy), \"Infest\", and \"Dead Cell\". Papa Roach toured in 1999; the band had an underground fan base in California. Due to the underground success of the 1999 demo heard by in house producers Tim & Bob, they started working with the band and eventually got Papa Roach signed to DreamWorks Records.\n\n\n== Writing and recording ==\nPapa Roach went to the studio in late of 1999 to record Infest. Though many songs including \"Last Resort\", \"Broken Home\", \"Revenge\", and \"Dead Cell\" had already been recorded, the band re-recorded them and made some changes toInfest is the second studio album and major-label debut by the American rock band Papa Roach. It was released on April 25, 2000 through DreamWorks Records, and became the 20th highest-selling album of 2000 in the United States. The sound of the album is nu metal and rap metal. Many of the album songs contains rapping and hip hop influences. It was certified 3× Platinum in the U.S. on July 18, 2001, and peaked at 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. This album earned the band a Grammy nomination for Best New Artist. \"Infest\" has sold more than seven million copies worldwide with three million in U.S. and is their best-selling album to date.Infest is the second studio album and major-label debut by the American rock band Papa Roach. It was released on April 25, 2000, through DreamWorks Records, and became the 20th highest-selling album of 2000 in the United States",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tammy Leitner",
"paragraph_text": " Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLeitner graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a bachelor's degree in English, before eventually completing her master's degree in journalism from Boston University in Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Career ==\nShe established her reputation as a hard-nosed journalist, writing for newspapers in New York and Arizona, including the New York Post. Leitner was honored by the Associated Press Managing Editors for stories she did when she was a police reporter for the East Valley Tribune in Mesa, Arizona.\n\n\n=== Recognition ===\nLeitner joined the news staff of KPHO, the CBS affiliate in Phoenix, Arizona, as a crime reporter on September 3, 2002. She has won twelve Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards - the first in 2004 for a piece she did on Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio's notorious tent city, the second in 2006 for a breaking news story, her third in 2007 for continuing coverage of an investigative story, and her fourth and fifth for a weeklong series called \"Assault on Arizona\", which focused on crime and illegal immigration issues at the Arizona-Mexico border. LeTamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972 in San Diego, California) is an investigative TV reporter and former reality television contestant.Tamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972) is an American network correspondent and investigative TV reporter. The journalist won a George Foster Peabody and Edward R. Murrow for the documentary Toxic Secrets. She also won 12 Emmys for investigative news stories and co-founded Volition Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLeitner graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a bachelor's degree in English, before eventually completing her master's degree in journalism from Boston University in Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Career ==\nShe established her reputation as a hard-nosed journalist, writing for newspapers in New York and Arizona, including the New York Post. Leitner was honored by the Associated Press Managing Editors for stories she did when she was a police reporter for the East Valley Tribune in Mesa, Arizona.\n\n\n=== Recognition ===\nLeitner joined the news staff of KPHO, the CBS affiliate in Phoenix, Arizona, as a crime reporter on September 3, 2002. She has won twelve Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards - the first inTamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972 in San Diego, California) is an investigative TV reporter and former reality television contestant. Peabody and Edward R. Murrow for the documentary Toxic Secrets. She also won 12 Emmys for investigative news stories and co-founded Volition Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLeitner graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a bachelor's degree in English, before eventually completing her master's degree in journalism from Boston University in Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Career ==\nShe established her reputation as a hard-nosed journalist, writing for newspapers in New York and Arizona, including the New York Post. Leitner was honored by the Associated Press Managing Editors for stories she did when she was a police reporter for the East Valley Tribune in Mesa, Arizona.\n\n\n===",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n==Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where does the birth city of Tammy Leitner stand in the ranking of the five biggest urban zones in the state where the band Infest originated? | [
{
"id": 673447,
"question": "Infest >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 145082,
"question": "What was Tammy Leitner's city of birth?",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | third-largest | [] | true | Among the top five largest urban areas in the state where Infest's performer was formed, where does Tammy Leitner's birth city rank? |
3hop1__751782_2053_52946 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.\nAll five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern New York City in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the NewThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Undercovers (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk.UnderUndercovers is an American action spy television series created by J. J. Abrams and Josh Reims that aired NBC from September 22 to December 29, 2010. They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk. to discover the faults in the company. The first season consisted of nine episodes produced in Undercovers is an American action spy television series created by J. J. Abrams and Josh Reims that aired NBC from September 22 to December 29, 2010. They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk.Undercover Boss is an American reality television series, based on the British series of the same name and produced by Studio Lambert in both countries. Each episode depicts a person who has an upper-management position at a major business, deciding to go undercover as an entry-level employee to discover the faults in the company. The first season consisted of nine episodes produced in 2009 and first aired on February 7, 2010, (right after Super Bowl XLIV) on CBS. Companies that appear on the series are assured that the show will not damage their corporate brands.\nOn April 26,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe first overall season of Celebrity Big Brother worldwide premiered in the United Kingdom in 2001 while an American version of the format has been speculated since 2002. The first season of the American adaptation was announced during a live double eviction episode of the nineteenth regular season on September 7, 2017 by Julie Chen. The first season was scheduled during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The series premiere was the number one program for CBS attracting 7.27 million viewers and the highest-rated season premiere since Big Brother 13. The program was often covered in the media due to the inclusionCelebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of \"Celebrity\" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to 3 months) and a smaller grand prize ($250,000 as opposed to $750,000)\nEach season is also transmitted in real-time which allows for greater viewer participation in the form of America's Vote where the public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe first overall season of Celebrity Big Brother worldwide premiered in the United Kingdom in 2001 while an American version of the format has been speculated since 2002. The first season of the American adaptation was announced during a live double eviction episode of the nineteenth regular season on September 7, 2017 by Julie Chen. The first season was scheduled during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The series premiere was the number one program for CBS attracting 7.27 million viewers and the highest-rated season premiere since Big Brother 13. The program was often covered in the media due to the inclusion of Omarosa Manigault and her political revelations in the first season.\nIn September 2021, CBS renewed Celebrity Big Brother for a third season, which premiered on February 2, 202Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 --",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When will Celebrity Big Brother be aired on the network that, in conjunction with ABC and the initial broadcaster of Undercovers, is another significant broadcasting entity located in New York? | [
{
"id": 751782,
"question": "Undercovers >> original broadcaster",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 52946,
"question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2",
"answer": "February 7, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | February 7, 2018 | [] | true | When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the original broadcaster of Undercovers, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
3hop1__462960_160545_34754 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-districtBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok.\n\n\n== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": ", while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\n\n=== Names of the war ===\nIn Allied countries during the war, the \"Pacific War\" was not usually distinguished from World War II, or was known simply as the War against Japan. In the United States, the term Pacific theater was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China Burma India theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.\nJapan used the name Greater East Asia War (大��������, Dai Tō-A Sensō), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事��, Nisshi Jihen) into the Greater East Asia War. During the Occupation of Japan (1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War (��平������, Taiheiyō Sensō). The Fifteen Years' War (十五年����, Jūgonen Sensō) is also used, referring to the period from the Mukden Incident of 1931 through 1945.\n\n\n=== Participants ===\n\n\n==== Allies ====\nThe major Allied participants were China, the United States and the British Empire. China had already been engaged in a war against Japan since 1937. The US and its territories, including the Philippine Commonwealth, entered the war after being attacked by Japan. The British Empire was also a major belligerent consisting of British troops along with colonial troops from India as well as from Burma, Malaya, Fiji, Tonga; in addition to troops from Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The Dutch government-in-exile (as the possessor of the Dutch East Indies) was also involved. All of these were members of the Pacific War Council. From 1944 the French commando group Corps Léger d'Intervention alsoThe official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands. the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, and the Philippines, the British colonies of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pao Sarasin",
"paragraph_text": "1978 until 1983. In 1987, he became the Chief of the Royal Thai Police.\nInPao Sarasin died at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok after a month-long hospitalization for a blood infection on March 7, 2013, at the age of 83. A royal bathing rite ceremony for Sarasin was held at the Wat Benchamabophit with Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn in attendance representing the royal family. He was survived by his wife, Thapuying Tawika Sarasin, and three sons, including Thai television host, Kanit Sarasin. Sarasin. Pao Sarasin graduated from Vajiravudh College, a boarding school in Bangkok. He then moved to the United States, where he received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Johns Hopkins University and a second bachelor's degree from the University of California in criminology.\n\n\n== Careers ==\nSarasin enlisted the Royal Thai Police in 1954, rising to the rank of police general during his career. He served as the Chief of the force's Office of the Narcotics Control Board from 1978 until 1983. In 1987, he became the Chief of the Royal Thai Police.\nIn 1992, Sarasin briefly held the posts of Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister under the Royal Thai Army military junta and the post-coup government of former Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun.\nDuring his later life, Sarasin served as the council presidents of both Mae Fah Luang University in Chiang Rai province and Khon Kaen University in Khon Kaen province.\n\n\n== Death ==\nPao Sarasin died at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok after a month-long hospitalization for a blood infection on March 7, 2013, at the age of 83. A royal bathing rite ceremony for Sarasin was held at the Wat Benchamabophit with Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn in attendance representing the royal familyPao Sarasin died at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok after a month-long hospitalization for",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the United States' belief regarding why the country where Pao Sarasin was born assisted Japan? | [
{
"id": 462960,
"question": "Pao Sarasin >> place of birth",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 34754,
"question": "What does the U.S. believe caused #2 to help Japan?",
"answer": "blackmail",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | blackmail | [
"Blackmail"
] | true | What does the US believe caused the country of the birthplace of Pao Sarasin to help Japan? |
3hop2__84553_90098_10557 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "SilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian musician and ornithologist\nSilvester Fernandes (born 1936), Kenyan hockeySylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period. period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilvester Diggles (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n \nThe Middle Ages is the second of the three majorCharlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_text": " the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiated diplomatic contact with the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 790s, due to their mutual interest in Iberian affairs.\nIn 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner to the line of Holy Roman Emperors, which persisted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion, which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign began a period of cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.\nCharlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest at Aachen Cathedral in Aachen, his imperial capital city. He was succeeded by his only surviving son, Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom was divided and eventually coalesced into West- and East Francia, which later became France and the Holy Roman Empire, respectively. Charlemagne's profound impact on the Middle Ages and influence on the territory he ruled has led him to be called the \"Father of Europe\" by many historians. He is seen as a founding figure by multiple European states and a number of historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artworks, monuments and literature during and after the medieval period and is venerated by the Catholic Church.\n\n\n== Name ==\nSeveral languages were spoken in Charlemagne's world, and he was known to contemporaries as Karlus in the Old High German he spoke; as Karlo to Romance speakers; and as Carolus (or Karolus) in Latin, the formal language of writing and diplomacy. Charles is the modern English form of these names. The name Charlemagne, as the emperorCharlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. and social changes that had lasting impact on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.\nA member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin's death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father's policy of protecting the papacy and became its chief defender, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy in 774. His reign saw a period of expansion that led to the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiated diplomatic contact with the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 790s, due to their mutual interest in Iberian affairs.\nIn 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner to the line of Holy Roman Emperors, which persisted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion, which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign began a period of cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.\nCharlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest at Aachen Cathedral in Aachen, his imperial capital city. He was succeeded by his only surviving son, Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom was divided and eventually coalesced into West- and East Franc",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the linguistic format of the surname Sylvester, utilized during the time period of the individual who was later referred to as the Emperor of Romans in 800 A.D? | [
{
"id": 84553,
"question": "who built a european empire and was crowned emperor of the romans in 800",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Medieval Latin | [] | true | What was the form of the language where the last name Sylvester originates, used in the era of the man crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800, later known as? |
2hop__818302_25719 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Galicia (Spain)",
"paragraph_text": "740. During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and culture. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an Adiantado-mór, whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from theIn the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control. among them Cíes Islands, Ons, Sálvora, Cortegada Island, which together form the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park, and the largest and most populated, A Illa de Arousa.\nThe area now called Galicia was first inhabited by humans during the Middle Paleolithic period, and takes its name from the Gallaeci, the Celtic people living north of the Douro River during the last millennium BC. Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire at the end of the Cantabrian Wars in 19 BC, and was made a Roman province in the 3rd century AD. In 410, the Germanic Suebi established a kingdom with its capital in Braga; this kingdom was incorporated into that of the Visigoths in 585. In 711, the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate invaded the Iberian Peninsula conquering the Visigoth kingdom of Hispania by 718, but soon Galicia was incorporated into the Christian kingdom of Asturias by 740. During the Middle Ages, the kingdom of Galicia was occasionally ruled by its own kings, but most of the time it was leagued to the kingdom of Leon and later to that of Castile, while maintaining its own legal and customary practices and culture. From the 13th century on, the kings of Castile, as kings of Galicia, appointed an Adiantado-mór, whose attributions passed to the Governor and Captain General of the Kingdom of Galiza from the last years of the 15th century. The Governor also presided the Real Audiencia do Reino de Galicia, a royal tribunal and government body. From the 16th century, the representation and voice of the kingdom was held by an assembly of deputies and representatives of the cities of the kingdom, the Cortes or Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia. This institution was forcibly discontinued in 1833 when the kingdom was divided into four administrative provinces with no legal mutual links. During the 19th and 20th centuries, demand grew for self-government and for the recognition",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Lower Lusatia",
"paragraph_text": " Polish.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nThis sparsely inhabited area within the North European Plain (Northern Lowland) is characterised by extended pine forests, heathlands and meadows. In the north it is confined by the middle Spree River with Lake Schwielochsee and its eastern continuation across the Oder at Fürstenberg to Chlebowo. In the glacial valley between Lübben and Cottbus, the Spree River branches out into the Spreewald (\"Spree Woods\") riparian forest. Other rivers include the Berste and Oelse tributaries as well as the Schlaube and the Oder–Spree Canal opened in 1891.\nIn the east, the Bóbr River from ��agoda via Krzystkowice down to the historic town of ��ary forms the border with the lands of Lower Silesia. In the west the course of the upper Dahme River down to Golßen separates it from the former Electoral Saxon lands of Saxe-Wittenberg. Between Lower and Upper Lusatia is a hill region called the Grenzwall (literally \"border dike\", although it is in fact a morainic ridge), the eastern continuation of the Fläming Heath. In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Today it is roughly congruent of the border between Brandenburg and the state of Saxony.\n\nIn the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, Lower Lusatia was shaped by the lignite (brown coal) industry and extensive open-pit mining, by which more than 100 of the regionLower Lusatia (; ; ; ; ) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish.LLower Lusatia (; ; ; ; ) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish. Dolne; Czech: Dolní Lužice) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nThis sparsely inhabited area within the North European Plain (Northern Lowland) is characterised by extended pine forests, heathlands and meadows. In the north it is confined by the middle Spree River with Lake Schwielochsee and its eastern continuation across the Oder at Fürstenberg to Chlebowo. In the glacial valley between Lübben and Cottbus, the Spree River branches out into the Spreewald (\"Spree Woods\") riparian forest. Other rivers include the Berste and Oelse tributaries as well as the Schlaube and the Oder–Spree Canal opened in 1891.\nIn the east, the Bóbr River from ��agoda via Krzystkowice down to the historic town of ��ary forms the border with the lands of Lower Silesia. In the west the course of the upper Dahme River down to Golßen separates it from the former Electoral Saxon lands of Saxe-Wittenberg. Between Lower and Upper Lusatia is a hill region called the Grenzwall (literally \"border dike\", although it is in fact a morainic ridge), the eastern continuation of the Fläming Heath. In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Today it is roughly congruent of the border between Brandenburg and the state of Saxony.\n\nIn the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, Lower Lusatia was shaped by the lignite (brown coal) industry and extensive open-pit mining, by which more than 100 of the regionLower Lusatia (; ; ; ; ) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish.Lower Lusatia (German: Niederlausitz; Lower Sorbian: Dolna ��užyca [��d��lna ��wu����tsa]; Upper Sorbian: Delnja ��užica [��d��ln��a ��wu��itsa]; Polish: ��użyce Dolne; Czech: Dolní Lužice) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nThis sparsely inhabited area within the North European Plain (Northern Lowland) is characterised by extended pine forests, heathlands and meadows. In the north it is confined by the middle Spree River with Lake Schwielochsee and its eastern continuation across the Oder at Fürstenberg to Chlebowo. In the glacial valley between Lübben and Cottbus, the Spree River branches out into the Spreewald (\"Spree Woods\") riparian forest. Other rivers include the Berste and Oelse tributaries as well as the Schlaube and the Oder–Spree Canal opened in 1891.\nIn the east, the Bóbr River from ��agoda via Krzystkowice down to the historic town of ��ary forms the border with the lands of Lower Silesia. In the west the course of the upper Dahme River down to Golßen separates it from the former Electoral Saxon lands of Saxe-Wittenberg. Between Lower and Upper Lusatia is a hill region called the Grenzwall (literally \"border dike\", although it is in fact a morainic ridge), the eastern continuation of the Fläming Heath. In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Today it is roughly congruent of the border between Brandenburg and the state of Saxony.\n\nIn the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, Lower Lusatia was shaped by the lignite (brown coal) industry and extensive open-pit mining, by which more than 100 of the region's villages—many of them within the Sorbian settlement area—were damaged or destroyed, especially by order of East German authorities. While this process is still going on, most notably around Jänschwalde Power Station, run by EPH, some now exhausted open-pit mines are being converted into artificial lakes, in the hope of attracting tourism, and the area is now referred to as the Lusatian Lake District (Lausitzer Seenland).\n\nToday the area comprises the Brandenburg districts of Oberspreewald-Lausitz and Spree-Neiße with the unitary authority of Cottbus, as well as parts of Elbe-Elster, Dahme-Spreewald, and Oder-Spree. Important towns beside Cottbus and the historic capitals Lübben and Luckau include Calau, Doberlug-Kirchhain, Finsterwalde, Forst, Guben/Gubin, Lauchhammer, Lübbenau, Senftenberg, Spremberg, Vetschau, and ��ary.\nSince 1945, when a small part of Lusatia east of the Oder–Neisse line was incorporated into Poland, ��ary has been touted as the capital of Polish Lusatia.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe area of Lower Lusatia roughly corresponds with the eastern March of Lusatia or Saxon Eastern March between the Saale and Bóbr rivers, which about 965 was severed from the vast Marca Geronis, conquered by the Saxon count Gero in the course of his campaigns against the Polabian Slavs from 939 onwards. Odo I became the first margrave; his successor Gero II from 1002 onwards had to face several attacks by Polish duke Bolesław I Chrobry, which did not end until the 1018 Treaty of Bautzen, which ceded large parts of eastern Lusatia to Poland. Emperor Conrad II reconquered the territories in 1031.\nIn 1136 Conrad the Great of the House of Wettin, margrave of Meissen, also received the March of Lusatia. In the early 13th century, Lower Lusatia was either entirely or partly, reintegrated with Poland under Henry the Bearded. Later on, it was once again lost to the Wettin dynasty, who ruled it until in 1303 it was acquired by the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg. For centuries, from as early as the Middle Ages, trade flourished, and several important trade routes ran through Lower Lusatia, connecting German states in the west, Poland in the east and Bohemia in the south.\nIn 1319, the southern portion of Lower Lusatia with the towns of ��ary and Komorów Zły (now German: Senftenberg, Lower Sorbian: Zły Komorow) became part of the Duchy of Jawor, the southwesternmost duchy of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. In the northern part, in 1319, Gubin was unsuccessfully besieged by King John of Bohemia, and eventually fell to the Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg. In 1324, the northern part passed to the House of Wittelsbach. From 1364, entire Lower Lusatia was ruled by the Duchy of Jawor-��widnica, and after the death of Duke Bolko II the Small it passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (Czechia).\n\nIn 1367 Elector Otto V sold it to Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg who incorporated Lower Lusatia into the Bohemian Crown. Charles' father King John of Bohemia had already acquired the adjacent territory to the south around Bautzen and Görlitz, which became known as Upper Lusatia. The former Lordship of Cottbus was acquired by Brandenburg in 1455 and remained an exclave within the Bohemian kingdom.\nBoth Lusatias formed separate Bohemian crown lands under the rule of the Luxembourg, Jagiellon and—from 1526—Habsburg dynasties. In the course of the Reformation the vast majority of the population turned Protestant. The Bohemian era came to an end when Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg ceded the Lusatias to Elector John George I of Saxony under the 1635 Peace of Prague in return for his support in the Thirty Years' War; thus the lands returned to the House of Wettin. \nOne of the two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the region in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled the route. Numerous Polish dignitaries also traveled through Lower Lusatia on several occasions, and some Polish nobles owned estates in Lusatia. A distinct remnant of the region's ties to Poland are the 18th-century mileposts decorated with the coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth located in various towns in the region. Polish-Sorbian contacts increased in that period. With the Age of Enlightenment, the Sorbian national revival began and resistance to Germanization emerged.\nAs the Kingdom of Saxony had sided with Napoleon it had to cede Lower Lusatia to Prussia in the 1815 Congress of Vienna, whereafter the territory became part of the Province of Brandenburg and the Province of Saxony. One of the main escape routes for insurgents of the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to the Great Emigration led through Lübben",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what year did the tribes residing in Lusatia stage an invasion on the Roman Empire? | [
{
"id": 818302,
"question": "Lusatia >> located on terrain feature",
"answer": "Central Europe",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 25719,
"question": "At the end of which year did #1 tribes invade the Roman Empire?",
"answer": "406",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 406 | [] | true | At the end of which year did the tribes from the location of the Lusatia invade the Roman Empire? |
3hop2__132957_132967_40768 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Daihatsu Boon",
"paragraph_text": "4 and 2023. The Passo was once sold at Toyota Corolla Store Japanese dealerships until it was consolidated with other Toyota dealers in 2020.\nOutside Japan, the first- and second-generation Boon is sold as the second- and third-generation Sirion. The first-generation Sirion was sold as the Storia in Japan.\nAccording to Daihatsu, the name \"Boon\" is derived from the English word boon, and also inspired by the sound that Japanese children make when imitating the sound of a car, while the name \"Passo\" is Italian for \"step\". According to Toyota, the name conjures up the image of a casual and approachable car.\n\n\n== First generation (M300/AC10; 2004) ==\n\nThe development for the first-generation Boon was led by Toyota chief engineer Tetsuya Tada. For the Japanese domestic market, the Boon were available with 996 cc and 1.3-litre engines. The major difference between the Japanese Boon and Sirion are automatic version where the gear-changing located beside the steering on the dashboard and the handbrake below the steering. Both the Japanese Boon and European Sirion were offered in both front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive versions. A 936 cc turbocharged version with four-wheel drive was also available, known as the Boon X4.\nThe Boon was designed for European tastes and the model took on a larger and stockier frame. It weighs about 940 kg (2,072 lb). With the back seats down, its luggage capacity increases from 225 L (8 cu ft) to 630 L (22 cu ft).\nIn early 2005, Daihatsu launched the Japanese-built 2nd generation Sirion in Brunei using the facility and parts from the Boon. The model was discontinued in 2010 before Daihatsu exited the Brunei market as the passenger cars market (except the commercial vehicles) in 2014 and the Sirion is replaced by the Perodua-badged Myvi, which is launched in the country since April 2016.\nOn 25 May 2005, Malaysian automaker Perodua launched a variant of the Boon known as the Perodua Myvi. Sporting a few cosmetic differences, theThe is a subcompact car produced by Japanese automaker Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold as the . The Passo is sold at \"Toyota Corolla Store\" Japanese dealerships. Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold under Toyota brand as the Toyota Passo (Japanese: ト��タ・パッ��, Hepburn: Toyota Passo) between 2004 and 2023. The Passo was once sold at Toyota Corolla Store Japanese dealerships until it was consolidated with other Toyota dealers in 2020.\nOutside Japan, the first- and second-generation Boon is sold as the second- and third-generation Sirion. The first-generation Sirion was sold as the Storia in Japan.\nAccording to Daihatsu, the name \"Boon\" is derived from the English word boon, and also inspired by the sound that Japanese children make when imitating the sound of a car, while the name \"Passo\" is Italian for \"step\". According to Toyota, the name conjures up the image of a casual and approachable car.\n\n\n== First generation (M300/AC10; 2004) ==\n\nThe development for the first-generation Boon was led by Toyota chief engineer Tetsuya Tada. For the Japanese domestic market, the Boon were available with 996 cc and 1.3-litre engines. The major difference between the Japanese Boon and Sirion are automatic version where the gear-changing located beside the steering on the dashboard and the handbrake below the steering. Both the Japanese Boon and European Sirion were offered in both front-wheel drive",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Acura Legend",
"paragraph_text": "-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"ancient gods.\"\n\n\n=== Modern theories ===\nMonier-Williams traces the etymological roots of asura (��सुर) to asu (��सु), which means 'life of the spiritual world' or 'departed spirits'.\nIn the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, MonThe Acura Legend is a mid-size luxury/executive car manufactured by Honda. It was sold in the U.S., Canada, and parts of China under Honda's luxury brand, Acura, from 1985 to 1995, as both a sedan, which was classified as a full-size car, and a coupe, which was classified as a mid-size car (similar to how the Honda Accord is set up today). It was the first flagship sedan sold under the Acura nameplate, until being renamed in 1996 as the Acura 3.5RL. The 3.5RL was the North American version of the KA9 series Honda Legend. Varuna, while the malevolent ones are called Danavas and are led by Vritra.:��4�� \nIn the earliest layer of Vedic texts Agni, Indra and other gods are also called Asuras, in the sense of their being \"lords\" of their respective domains, knowledge and abilities. In later Vedic and post-Vedic texts, the benevolent gods are called Devas, while malevolent Asuras compete against these Devas and are considered \"enemy of the gods\".:��4��\nAsuras are part of Hinduism along with Devas, Yakshas (nature spirits), Rakshasas (fierce man-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"anc",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to include Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa. In March 1974, OAPEC lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom K",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the manufacturers of the Acura Legend, Daihatsu Boon, and Nissan establish their assembly facilities in the United States? | [
{
"id": 132957,
"question": "Who made Acura Legend?",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 132967,
"question": "What company built Daihatsu Boon?",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #1 , #2 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | 1981 | [] | true | When did the maker of the Acura Legend, the company that built Daihatsu Boon, and Nissan open US assembly plants? |
2hop__589264_150107 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Communications of the ACM",
"paragraph_text": " The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transition to entirely open access in February 2024, as part of ACM's commitment to make all articles open access. \nAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 22.7.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJournal of the ACM\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readershipCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transition to entirely open access in February 2024, as part of ACM's commitment to make all articles open access. \nAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 22.7.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJournal of the ACM\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review,Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Zhengyou Zhang",
"paragraph_text": "Zhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 \"Helmholtz Test of Time Award\" which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision.Zhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 \"Helmholtz Test of Time Award\" which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision.Zhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 Helmholtz Test of Time Award which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nZhang earned a degree in electronic engineering from the Zhejiang University in 1985 and two years later earned a master's degree in computer science from the University of Nancy where his advisor was Jean-Paul Haton. In 1990 he defended his PhD at the University of Paris-Sud where his adviser was Olivier Faugeras and then received the doctor of science degree at the same place in 1994. After 20 years of work at Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington., Dr. Zhang joined Tencent in 2018 and is currently leading both the Robotic X Lab and AI Lab at Tencent.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nZhengyou Zhang on Google ScholarZhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 Helmholtz Test of Time Award which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nZhang earned a degree in electronic engineering from the Zhejiang University in 1985 and two years later earned a master's degree in computer science from the University of Nancy where his advisor was Jean-Paul Haton. In 1990 he defended his PhD at the University of Paris-Sud where his adviser was Olivier Faugeras and then received the doctor of science degree at the same place in 1994. After 20 years of work at Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington., Dr. Zhang joined Tencent in 2018 and is currently leading both the Robotic X Lab and AI Lab at Tencent.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nZhengyou Zhang on Google ScholarZhengyou Zhang is a Chinese professor of computer science, IEEE and ACM Fellow and a specialist in computer vision and graphics. He is also a recipient of the 2013 Helmholtz Test of Time Award which was awarded to him by the International Conference on Computer Vision.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nZhang earned a degree in electronic engineering from the Zhejiang University in 1985 and two years later earned a master's degree in computer science from the University of Nancy where his advisor was Jean-Paul Haton. In 1990 he defended his PhD at the University of Paris-Sud where his adviser was Olivier Faugeras and then received the doctor of science degree at the same place in 1994. After 20 years of work at Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington., Dr. Zhang joined Tencent in 2018 and is currently leading both the",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Who is the publisher for the messages from the group in which Zhengyou Zhang has membership? | [
{
"id": 589264,
"question": "Zhengyou Zhang >> member of",
"answer": "ACM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 150107,
"question": "Who published Communications of the #1 ?",
"answer": "Association for Computing Machinery",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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] | Association for Computing Machinery | [
"ACM"
] | true | Who published the Communications of the group that Zhengyou Zhang is a member of? |
2hop__61714_42553 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Pam Beesly",
"paragraph_text": " or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc.\"\nPam Halpert appeared in almost every episode with the exceptions of \"Business Ethics\", \"St. Patrick's Day\", and \"New Leads\" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from \"Mrs. California\" to \"Pool Party\", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave at the same time as the character.\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–3 ===\nAt the beginning of the series, Pam and Roy have been dating for eight years and engaged for three years. Their open-ended engagement has become one of Michael's running gags and a sore spot for Pam.\nPam does not want her current job to become permanent, remarking that \"I don't think it's many little girls' dream to be a receptionist.\" She will often do extra, unnecessary work to make her other co-workers happy. Pam is apathetic toward her work, evidenced by her frequent games of FreeCell on her office computer. However, in the pilot episode, she breaks down crying when Michael pulls an ill-judged prank by telling her that she will be fired.\nDespite the abuse she takes from Michael in the early seasons, Pam becomes more honest and forward with Michael as the series progresses, often making sarcastic comments toward him.\nWhile engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin \"Casino Night\" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says \"Yeah, I think I am\" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing him back.\nSeason 3 marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears less passive and more self-assured as the season progresses. In \"Gay Witch Hunt\", the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all. Meanwhile, Jim has transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car. When the Scranton and Stamford branches merge, Jim returns to Scranton alongside a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch; after Jim returns to Scranton, the encounters between the two are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.\nRoy vows to win Pam back, and after his initial efforts to improve his relationship with Pam are successful, the two get back together. After attending an after-work get-together at a local bar with their co-workers, Pam, feeling that she should be more honest with Roy, tells him about Jim kissing her at the casino night. An angered Roy yells, smashes a mirror, and trashes the bar. Pam, frightened and embarrassed by his reaction, breaks up with Roy immediately. Roy vows to kill Jim and in \"The Negotiation\", Roy unsuccessfully tries to attack Jim at work when he is pepper sprayed by Dwight; Roy is subsequently fired. Pam later reluctantly agrees to meet Roy for coffee at his request, and after the polite but brief meeting, it appears that their relationship has ended amicably, with Roy encouraging Pam to pursue Jim.\nPam participates in an art show, but few people attend. When Oscar and his partner visit the art show, they criticize Pam's work, not knowing that Pam is standing behind them. Affected by their statements, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next-to-last episode of the season, \"Beach Games\", and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his loyalty and erratically kind heart by offering genuine and enthuaiastic praise of Pam's art, and by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, \"The Job\", she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he isThe ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.Pamela Morgan Beesly Halpert (née Beesly) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom The Office, played by Jenna Fischer. Her counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Dawn Tinsley. Pam begins the series as the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin. She later becomes a saleswoman and, eventually, the office administrator, until she leaves in the series finale. Her character is at first shy and unsure butPam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Pam Beesly",
"paragraph_text": "?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave PamThe ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which episode of The Office does Pam unite with her spouse? | [
{
"id": 61714,
"question": "who is pam married to on the office",
"answer": "Jim",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 42553,
"question": "what episode in season 3 do #1 and pam get together",
"answer": "the season finale, ``The Job, ''",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | the season finale, ``The Job, '' | [] | true | In The Office, Pam get's together with her husband in which episode? |
2hop__21104_16254 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide. population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II which killed some six million Jews, affecting almost every European Jewish family. In 1933, prior to World War II, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3 million. Israeli demographer and statistician Sergio D. Pergola implied that Ashkenazim comprised 65–70% of Jews worldwide in 2000, while other estimates suggest more than 75%. As of 2013, the population was estimated to be between 10 million and 11.2 million. \nGenetic studies indicate that Ashkenazim have both Levantine and European (mainly southern European) ancestry. These studies draw diverging conclusions about the degree and sources of European admixture, with some focusing on the European genetic origin in Ashkenazi maternal lineages, contrasting with the predominantly Middle Eastern genetic origin in paternal lineages.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe name Ashkenazi derives from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz, the first son of Gomer, son of Japhet, son of Noah, and a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations (Genesis 10). The name of Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.\nThe Biblical Ashkenaz is usually derived from Assyrian Aškūza (cuneiform Aškuzai/Iškuzai), a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates; the name Aškūza is identified with the Scythians. The intrusive n in the Biblical name is likely due to a scribal error confusing a vav �� with a nun ��.\nIn Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as one of three kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni and Ararat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon. In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, as early as a 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius.\nIn the 10th-century History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i (1.15), Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia, as it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended atA 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": " and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judaea. After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three prosopons of the Trinity. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually, generally on 25 December, as Christmas. His crucifixion is honoured on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The world's most widely used calendar era—in which the current year is AD 2024 (or 2024 CE)—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.\nJesus is also revered in Islam, the Bahá��í Faith, and the Druze Faith. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ����sā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nA typical Jew in Jesus's time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase \"son of [father's name]\", or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as \"Jesus of Nazareth\". Jesus's neighbours in Nazareth referred to him as \"the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon\", \"the carpenter's son\", or \"Joseph's son\"; in the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as \"Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth\".\nThe English name Jesus, from Greek Iēsous, is a rendering of Joshua (Hebrew Yehoshua, later Yeshua), and was not uncommon in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. Popular etymology linked the names Yehoshua and Yeshua to the verb meaning \"save\" and the noun \"salvation\". The Gospel of Matthew tells of an angel that appeared to Joseph instructing him \"to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins\".\n\n\n=== Jesus Christ ===\nSince the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as \"Jesus Christ\". The word Christ was a title or office (\"the Christ\"), not a given name. It derives from the Greek ��ριστός (Christos), a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (משי��) meaning \"anointed\", and is usually transliterated into English as \"messiah\". In biblical Judaism, sacred oil was used to anoint certain exceptionally holy people and objects as part of their religious investiture.\nChristians of the time designated JesusAshkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. yielded various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus.\nJesus was circumcised at eight days old, was baptized by John the Baptist as a young adult, and after 40 days and nights of fasting in the wilderness, began his own ministry. He was an itinerant teacher, and was often referred to as \"rabbi\". Jesus often debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables, and gathered followers, among whom twelve were appointed as his chosen apostles. He was arrested in Jerusalem and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judaea. After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three prosopons of the Trinity. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually, generally on 25 December, as Christmas. His crucifixion is honoured on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The world's most widely used calendar era—in which the current year is AD 2024 (or 2024 CE)—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.\nJesus is also revered in Islam, the Bahá��í Faith, and the Druze Faith. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ����sā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nA typical Jew in Jesus's time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase \"son of [father's name]\", or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as \"Jesus of Nazareth\". Jesus's neighbours in Nazareth referred to him as \"the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon\", \"the carpenter's son\", or \"Joseph's son\"; in the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as \"Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth\".\nThe English name Jesus, from Greek Iēsous, is a rendering of Joshua (Hebrew Yehoshua, later Yeshua), and was not uncommon in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. Popular etymology linked the names Yehoshua and Yeshua to the verb meaning \"save\" and the noun \"salvation\". The Gospel of Matthew tells of an angel that appeared to Joseph instructing him \"to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins\".\n\n\n=== Jesus Christ ===\nSince the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to Jesus as \"Jesus Christ\". The word Christ was a title or office (\"the Christ\"), not a given name. It derives from the Greek ��ριστός (Christos), a translation of the Hebrew mashiakh (משי��) meaning \"anointed\", and is usually transliterated into English",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What percentage of the global Jewish population did the group encompassing at least 70% of Jews worldwide comprise by the year 1931? | [
{
"id": 21104,
"question": "Which group represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?",
"answer": "Ashkenazi Jews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 16254,
"question": "By 1931, what percentage of the world’s Jews were #1 ?",
"answer": "92 percent",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 92 percent | [] | true | By 1931, what percentage of the world's Jews were the group that represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide? |
3hop1__133264_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Scion Fuse",
"paragraph_text": "-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the The Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion. The Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was first introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show. According to Scion, the Fuse is a 2-door coupe with 4 seats and swan doors for clearer ground clearance.The Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse wasThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion. The Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was first introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show. According to Scion, the Fuse is a 2-door coupe with 4 seats and swan doors for clearer ground clearance. multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine's compression ratio is 9.6:1, and rated at 160 hp (119 kW) and 163 lb���ft (221 N���m) of torque.\nThe Fuse has steer-by-wire, retractable spoiler, power-operated hatch that slides upwards,, flip-out bench for tailgating, beverage cooler, Wi-Fi connection, LED lighting e.g. in the seat piping and wheels, programmable multi color headlights and passenger seat that folds into a footrest or table.\nThe 2011 Scion tC was modelled on the Fuse.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial press release from Toyota\nScion FUSE Concept at autoblog.comThe Scion Fuse is a concept car created under one of Toyota's brands, Scion.\nThe Fuse was built by Five Axis Models in Huntington Beach, CA with assistance from MillenWorks. It was introduced at the 2006 New York International Auto Show and is a 2-door coupe, with 4 seats and scissor doors.\nThe Fuse uses a DOHC gasoline I4 engine with multi-port fuel-injection and VVT-i. The engine",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introducedA facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known asSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the body style altered for the RX 350 model produced by the luxury division of the Scion Fuse's manufacturing company? | [
{
"id": 133264,
"question": "Which company manufactured Scion Fuse?",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | [] | true | When did the rx 350 model of the luxury division of the company that manufactures Scion Fuse change body style? |
3hop1__131783_131926_89261 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Minikahda Club",
"paragraph_text": ".S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.\n\n\n== History ==\nMinikahda was founded in 1898 on the hills above the west shore of Bde Maka Ska, the land, purchased from the Oglala Lakota Chief \"Swift Dog\" who owned the land in which the golf course stands to this day. At the time, there were no roads around the lake, so the property extended to the lake, with a boathouse for sailing and other aquatic activities. The name Minikahda comes from the Lakota, a combination of two native words meaning 'by the side of the water'. The club logo is a Native American shield, similar to the original artifact which is framed in the clubhouse, the shield belonging to Swift Dog himself.\n\n\n== Golf ==\nMinikahda owns an 18-hole golf course extending to the south and west of the clubhouse with holes on either side of Excelsior Boulevard that is open to members at any time during the golf season. Included on the grounds are a putting green, a chipping green, a driving range, and an iron range as practice areas.\nAmateur Chick Evans won the U.S. Open at Minikahda in 1916 and then won the U.S. Amateur later that year at Merion Golf Club to become the first to win both titles in the same season.\nIn addition to the 1916 U.S. Open, the club has also held the U.S. Amateur in 1927, the Walker Cup in 1957, the U.S. Women's Amateur in 1988, the Curtis Cup in 1998, and the U.S. Senior Amateur in 2017.\n\n\n== Golf course architects ==\nWillie Watson (1899): Watson, who was the club's first professional, laid out the original nine-hole course.\nRobert Foulis (1907): Foulis, a Scottish professional golfer and course designer, oversaw the expansion of the course to 18 holes.\nTom Bendelow (1908): Bendelow, made some minor modifications to the course shortly after its completion.\nDonald Ross (1920): Ross redesigned the course after the club hosted the 1916 U.S. Open.\nGeoffrey Cornish and Craig Schreiner (1988–1992): Course lengthening and forward tee additions.\nRon Prichard (2001): Prichard, known for his restorations of Donald Ross courses, was called in to design and execute a project restoring original green sizes/shapes and reconstructing many bunkers.\nKyle Franz (2018): Franz was commissioned to develop a golf course master plan to bring back many of the Ross features enjoyed in 1927 when the U.S. Amateur was won by Bobby Jones. The master plan work was completed in the fall of 2021.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteThe Minikahda Club is a private country club in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota. The club is located just west of Bde Maka Ska and is the oldest country club west of the Mississippi River. The clubhouse, which is situated on a high hill, overlooks the lake and has expansive views of the surrounding area and the Minneapolis skyline.\nEstablished in 1898 by a group of wealthy Minneapolis families, the club’s golf course, named one of the top 100 classic golf courses in the United States by Golfweek, has been host to several golf tournaments including the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.\n\n\n== History ==\nMinikahda was founded in 1898 on the hills above the west shore of Bde Maka Ska, the land, purchased from the Oglala Lakota Chief \"Swift Dog\" who owned the land in which the golf course stands to this day. At the time, there were no roads around the lake, so the property extended to the lake, with a boathouse for sailing and other aquatic activities. The name Minikahda comes from the Lakota, a combination of two native words meaning 'by the side of the water'. The club logo is a Native American shield, similar to the original artifact which is framed in the clubhouse, the shield belonging toThe Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.The Minikahda Club is a private country club in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota. The club is located just west of Bde Maka Ska and is the oldest country club west of the Mississippi River. The clubhouse, which is situated on a high hill, overlooks the lake and has expansive views of the surrounding area and the Minneapolis skyline.\nEstablished in The Minikahda Club is a golf club and course located in southwest Minneapolis, Minnesota, just west of Lake Calhoun. The course hosted the U.S. Open in 1916, the U.S. Amateur in 1927, and the Walker Cup in 1957.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural and urban civilizations. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served sometimes as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and throughout as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny, the Mississippi and several tributaries, most notably its largest, the Ohio and Missouri, formed pathways for the western expansion",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain ofMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.\nThe city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where does the stream near the city with The Minikahda Club flow into the Gulf of Mexico? | [
{
"id": 131783,
"question": "Which state is The Minikahda Club located?",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 89261,
"question": "where does #2 empty into the gulf of mexico",
"answer": "the Mississippi River Delta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | the Mississippi River Delta | [
"Mississippi River Delta"
] | true | Where does the body of water by the city where The Minikahda Club empty into the Gulf of Mexico? |
4hop1__94201_642284_131926_90707 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is built on an artesian aquifer on flat terrain, and is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Nicknamed the \"City of Lakes\", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.\nThe city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its well-regarded quality of life, Minneapolis faces a pressing challenge in the form of stark disparities among its residents—arguably the most critical issue confronting the city in the 21st century. Governed by a mayor-council system, Minneapolis has a political landscape dominated by the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL), with Jacob Frey serving as mayor since 2018.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Dakota homeland ===\n\nTwo Indigenous nations inhabited the area now called Minneapolis. Archaeologists have evidence that since 1000 A.D., they were the Dakota (one half of the Sioux nation),Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of",
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},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Southeast Library",
"paragraph_text": " Fraser library was preceded by several others serving the same community.\n\n\n=== East Side Branch, 1891–1904 ===Southeast Library's building was designed by master architect Ralph Rapson and originally functioned as a credit union for university and state employees. It opened as a library in 1967. The State Capitol Credit Union building at 1222 Fourth Street Southeast was purchased to be converted into a library on December 29, 1966. It opened as the new Southeast Library on December 26, 1967.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Riverside Plaza",
"paragraph_text": "Riverside Plaza is a modernist and brutalist apartment complex designed by Ralph Rapson that opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1973. Situated on the edge of downtown Minneapolis in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, and next to both the University of Minnesota's West Bank and Augsburg University, the site contains the 39-story McKnight Building, the tallest structure outside of the city's central business district. Initially known as Cedar Square West, exterior shots of the complex were featured on television as the residence of Mary Richards in sixth and seventh seasons of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\".Riverside Plaza is a modernist and brutalist apartment complex designed by Ralph Rapson that opened in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1973. Situated on the edge of downtown Minneapolis",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ohio River",
"paragraph_text": " 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million peopleThe river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and the southern borders of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, until it joins the Mississippi River at the city of Cairo, Illinois. by discharge volume in the United States and the largest tributary by volume of the north-south flowing Mississippi River, which divides the eastern from western United States. It is also the 6th oldest river on the North American continent. The river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million people.\nThe river became a primary transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion of the early U.S. The lower Ohio River just below Louisville was obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the elevation falls 26 feet (7.9 m) in 2 miles (3.2 km) restricting larger commercial navigation, although in the 18th and early 19th century its three deepest channels could be traversed by a wide variety of craft then in use. In 1830, the Louisville and Portland Canal (now the McAlpine Locks and Dam) bypassed the rapids, allowing even larger commercial and modern navigation from the Forks of the Ohio at Pittsburgh to the Port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico. Since the \"canalization\" of the river in 1929, the Ohio has not been a natural free-flowing river; today, it is divided into 21 discrete pools or reservoirs by 20 locks and dams forThe river then follows a roughly southwest and then west - northwest course until Cincinnati, before bending to a west - southwest course for most of its length. The course forms the northern borders of West Virginia and Kentucky; and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | At what location do the Ohio River and the river close to the city, where the architect of Southeast Library passed away, intersect? | [
{
"id": 94201,
"question": "The designer for Southeast Library was?",
"answer": "Ralph Rapson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 642284,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 90707,
"question": "where does #3 and ohio river meet",
"answer": "at the city of Cairo, Illinois",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] | at the city of Cairo, Illinois | [] | true | Where does the river by the city where the Southeast Library designer died and the Ohio River meet? |
2hop__150866_11402 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey",
"paragraph_text": ", boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a yearAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.\nAtlantic City comprises the second half of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Atlantic County for statistical purposes. Both Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlementAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%). Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a yearAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.\nAtlantic City comprises the second half of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Atlantic County for statistical purposes. Both Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "U.S. and World Population Clock",
"paragraph_text": " to the states based on their population. The bureau's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $675 billion in federal funds every year and it assists states, local communities, and businesses make informed decisions. The information provided by the census informs decisions on where to build and maintain schools, hospitals, transportation infrastructure, and police and fire departments.\nIn addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts over 130 surveys and programs a year, including the American Community Survey, the U.S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey. The U.S. Economic Census occurs every five years and reports on American Business and the American economy in order to plan business decisions. Furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau.\n\n\n== Legal mandate ==\n\nArticle One of the United States Constitution (section II) directs the population be enumerated at least once every ten years and the resulting counts used to set the number of members from each state in the House of Representatives and, by extension, in the Electoral College. The Census Bureau now conducts a full population count every ten years in years ending with a zero and uses the term \"decennial\" to describe the operation. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections.\nIn addition, census data directly affects how more than $400 billion per year in federal and state funding is allocated to communities for neighborhood improvements, public health, education, transportation and more. The Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations: the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureau's legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code.\nThe Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as \"demographic surveys\" and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial (10-year) population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts economic surveys of manufacturing, retail, service, and other establishments and of domestic governments.\nBetween 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts. The Census Act of 1840 established a central office which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals. In 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlappingThe U.S. and World Population Clock presents the United States Census Bureau's continuously active approximations of both the population of the United States and the world's total population. The population totals are based on the latest census information and national population estimates, which are used in the algorithms that run the two clocks.TheThe U.S. and World Population Clock presents the United States Census Bureau's continuously active approximations of both the population of the United States and the world's total population. The population totals are based on the latest census information and national population estimates, which are used in the algorithms that run the two clocks. by the President of the United States. Currently, Rob Santos is the Director of the U.S. Census Bureau and Ron Jarmin is the Deputy Director.\nThe Census Bureau's primary mission is conducting the U.S. census every ten years, which allocates the seats of the U.S. House of Representatives to the states based on their population. The bureau's various censuses and surveys help allocate over $675 billion in federal funds every year and it assists states, local communities, and businesses make informed decisions. The information provided by the census informs decisions on where to build and maintain schools, hospitals, transportation infrastructure, and police and fire departments.\nIn addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts over 130 surveys and programs a year, including the American Community Survey, the U.S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey. The U.S. Economic Census occurs every five years and reports on American Business and the American economy in order to plan business decisions. Furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau.\n\n\n== Legal mandate ==\n\nArticle One of the United States Constitution (section II) directs the population be enumerated at least once every ten years and the resulting counts used to set the number of members from each state in the House of Representatives and, by extension, in the Electoral College. The Census Bureau now conducts a full population count every ten years in years ending with a zero and uses the term \"decennial\" to describe the operation. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections.\nIn addition, census data directly affects how more than",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the total square mileage as reported by the agency responsible for publishing the U.S. and World Population Clock? | [
{
"id": 150866,
"question": "What company published U.S. and World Population Clock?",
"answer": "United States Census Bureau",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 11402,
"question": "According to #1 , what is the total area in square miles?",
"answer": "17.037 square miles",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | 17.037 square miles | [] | true | According to the agency that published U.S. and World Population Clock, what is the total area in square miles? |
4hop2__161602_474028_88460_21062 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "A Don",
"paragraph_text": " Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among manyA Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: \"No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.\", and states that, \"It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.\" There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. \"From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar.\"The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officiallyMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to hostOf the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament, including Australia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thailand were selected as host of the competition at an AFC Competition Committee's meeting in Tokyo in August 2018.\n\n\n== Qualification ==\n\nThe qualifiers were held from 18 to 26 March 2019, during the FIFA International Match Calendar.\n\n\n=== Qualified teams ===\nThirteen of the sixteen teams (including hosts Thailand) that qualified for 2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualified again for the 2020 final tournament. The 2013 champions Iraq, ",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Is it possible for international visitors to take a cruise to the country situated between the nation where the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification took place and the country that is home to A Don? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 474028,
"question": "A Don >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 21062,
"question": "Are there any cruise travel destinations for #3 ?",
"answer": "It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] | It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river. | [
"Myanmar",
"Burma",
"MM",
"BUR",
"MYA"
] | true | Can foreign tourists cruise to the country between the nation that hosted 2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification and the one that contains A Don.? |
3hop1__751782_2053_5289 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (��式会社��ニー・��ュージックエンタテインメント, Kabushiki gaisha Sonī Myūjikku Entateinmento), often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short (In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Undercovers (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk.Undercover Boss is an American reality television series, based on the British series of the same name and produced by Studio Lambert in both countries. Each episode depicts a person who has an upper-management positionUndercovers is an American action spy television series created by J. J. Abrams and Josh Reims that aired NBC from September 22 to December 29, 2010. They were executive producers of the pilot along with Abrams' frequent collaborator Bryan Burk.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.\nAll five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern New York City in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which UK-based record company was purchased by the broadcasting corporation that shares its New York headquarters with ABC and the initial network airing Undercovers? | [
{
"id": 751782,
"question": "Undercovers >> original broadcaster",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 5289,
"question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?",
"answer": "Oriole Records.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | Oriole Records. | [
"Oriole Records"
] | true | What UK label was bought by the broadcast company that, along with ABC and the original network of Undercovers, is one of the major broadcasters based in New York? |
4hop2__160585_14670_8987_8974 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": " United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775.\nThe U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2022, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is \"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders\". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States of America.\n\n\n== Mission ==\nThe United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. Section 7062 of Title 10, U.S. Code defines the purpose of the army as:\n\nPreserving the peace and security and providing for the defense of the United States, the Commonwealths and possessions, and any areas occupied by the United States\nSupporting the national policies\nImplementing the national objectives\nOvercoming any nations responsible for aggressive acts that imperil the peace and security of the United States\nIn 2018, the Army Strategy 2018 articulated an eight-point addendum to the Army Vision for 2028. While the Army Mission remains constant, the Army Strategy builds upon the Army's Brigade Modernization by adding focus to corps and division-level echelons. The Army Futures Command oversees reforms geared toward conventional warfare. The Army's current reorganization plan is due to be completed by 2028.\nThe Army's five core competencies are prompt and sustained land combat, combined arms operations (to include combined arms maneuver and wide–area security, armored and mechanized operations and airborne and air assault operations), special operations forces, to set and sustain the theater for the joint force, and to integrate national, multinational, and joint power on land.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\nThe Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress as a unified army for the coloniesCurrently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_text": " German Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia.CzechSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kodeš, Miloslav Mečíř, Hana Mandlíková, Martina Hingis, Martina Navratilova, Jana Novotna, Petra Kvitová and Daniela Hantuchová were born in Czechoslovakia. Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (the territories of southern Slovakia with a predominantly Hungarian population to Hungary and Zaolzie with a predominantly Polish population to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and Carpathian Ruthenia became part of Hungary, while the German Protectorate of Bohemia and MoraviaSeveral accomplished professional tennis players including Ivan Lendl, Jan Kode",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to flyBecause of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan GoIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Бр",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Country A, the birthplace of Hana Mandlikova, invaded Country B due to the unpreparedness of the Air Defense Artillery, a division of its military. Which was the only communist nation to establish an embassy in Country B? | [
{
"id": 160585,
"question": "Where was Hana Mandlikova born?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 8974,
"question": "#3 was the only communist country to have an embassy where?",
"answer": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay | [
"Alfredo Stroessner"
] | true | Hana Mandlikova was born in Country A that invaded Country B because the military branch the Air Defense Artillery is part of was unprepared. Country B was the only communist country to have an embassy where? |
4hop3__131820_29339_508306_70744 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "856 at the 2010 census.\nThe highest point is Mount Teroken, elevation 364 m (1,214 ft).\n\n\n== Transportation ==\n\nWeno has the only airport in the state, Chuuk International Airport. The road system is not well established in some parts of the island. No public transportation exists, but visitors can use a small taxi to cruise around the island.\nThere is one commercial shipyard for cargo ships and passenger voyages. The islanders use speed boats and smaller ships to commute with other lagoon islands and outreach islands.\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== Education ==\n\nTertiary \n\nCollege of Micronesia-FSM\nPublic schools operated by the Chuuk Department of Education:\n\nChuuk High School, Nepukos (Nantaku)\nIras Demo Elementary, Iras\nNeauo Elementary School, Neauo\nMwan Elementary School, Sefin\nPrivate\n\nXavier High School, Sapuk\nSaramen Chuuk Academy, Nepukos\nSeventh-day Adventist School, Neauo\nAkoyikoyi School, Penia\nSt. Cecilia School, Tunnuk\n\n\n== Women ==\nThe Chuuk Women's Council is based on Weno, which provides support to women's rights organizations across Chuuk State, including training in health and environment issues.\n\n\n== Tourism ==\nDiving is the main tourist attraction on Weno, an industry which was founded in Chuuk State by Kimiuo Aisek. Chuuk State's first museum, Kimiuo Aisek Memorial Museum, was founded to honor his legacy in dive industry and the preservation of Chuuk's underwater heritage.\n\n\n== Popular culture ==\nWeno is featured on the 10th episode of season 5 of Outback Truckers, where 2 power stations and a switchboard are shipped from Adelaide to provide all-day power for the island.\n\n\n== Sights ==\nIn the east of Weno, the catholic church Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral is worth a visit. The church was dedicated at the end of the sixties. It is the seat of the Diocese of Caroline Islands.\nWiichen Men's Meetinghouse is a historic site with petroglyphs and a swimming basin in the east of Weno near the village Peniesene close to Wiichen River.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nNational Government of the Federated States of MicronesiaWeno, formerly Moen, is an island municipality of Chuuk State of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It is the largest town in the FSM and the capital of Chuuk. It has an estimated area of 20 square kilometers.\n\n\n== Population ==\nThe population was 13,856 at the census taken in 2010.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nIt is located in the Chuuk Lagoon. Its villages are on the coast (Sapuk, Penia, Peniesene, Tunnuk, Mechitiw, Iras, Nantaku, Nepukos, Mwan, Neiwe, and Wichap, Epinup) and serve as the center of commerce. Weno is theWEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.apuk, Penia, Peniesene, Tunnuk, Mechitiw, Iras, Nantaku, Nepukos, Mwan, Neiwe, and",
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},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2004 United States presidential election",
"paragraph_text": " strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressionsIn March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied",
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},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)",
"paragraph_text": " originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by Dr. James McElhenny, who was the pastor of Hopewell Presbyterian Church. The house later became the home of John C. Calhoun and his wife Floride Calhoun in 1825. Calhoun enlarged it to 14 rooms andFort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory. 7th Vice President of the United States.\nClemson University was established on the Fort Hill plantation site in 1889, and in accordance with the terms of its inheritance, has maintained the house and its immediate parcel as a museum and library — all that remains of what originally was an approximately 1,000 acre plantation estate.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe house was originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by Dr. James McElhenny, who was the pastor of Hopewell Presbyterian Church. The house later became",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry",
"paragraph_text": " campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premierCollege comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10 which consists of more than a dozen athletic, head-to-head matchups each school year. South Carolina leads the all-sport series 5–1, after Clemson won the 2023–24 series. Both institutions are public universities supported by the state, and their campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries where the teams are in different premier conferences: South Carolina is in the Southeastern Conference (SEC); Clemson is in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).\nThe annual football game is considered the most important sporting event in the state. It was played first in 1896 and every year from 1909 to 2019, one of the longest uninterrupted rivalries in college football history. Until 1959, the game was played during the State Fair in Columbia, on \"Big Thursday\", a state holiday. Since 1960, the two schools have alternated hosting on Saturdays. In 2014, the annual football game was officially dubbed the Palmetto Bowl. As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 meeting of the two football teams was canceled, ending an unbroken streak of 111 years of games. The game has never been contested anywhere besides Columbia or Clemson. Clemson leads the series 73–43–4, and won the most recent game with a score of 16–7.\n\n\n== Origin ==\n\n\n=== Background ===\n\nUnlike most major college rivalries, the Carolina–Clemson rivalry did not start innocently or because of competitive collegiate sports. The deep-seated bitterness began between the two schools long before Clemson received its charter and became a college. The two institutions were founded eighty-eight years apart: South Carolina College in 1801 and Clemson Agricultural College in 1889.\nSouth Carolina College was founded in 1801 to unite and promote harmony between the Lowcountry and the Backcountry. It closed during the Civil War when its students aided the Southern cause, but the closure gave politicians an opportunity to reorganize it to their liking. The Radical Republicans in charge of state government during Reconstruction opened the school to blacks and women while",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Between the university in the state where Fort Hill is located, and the university in the state that Edwards won in the primary elections (excluding the state where WEKL is), which one has garnered more national championships? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 29339,
"question": "Besides #1 , what other state primary did Edwards win?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 508306,
"question": "Fort Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Clemson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 70744,
"question": "who has more national championships #3 or #2",
"answer": "University of South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | University of South Carolina | [
"SC"
] | true | Which university has more national championships, university of the state having Fort Hill or university of the state whose primary was won by Edwards besides the state having WEKL? |
4hop1__88342_75218_128008_80286 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, withIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 19 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.–loss record in each league automatically clinched its league's pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring the rare tie necessitating a pennant playoff. Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series (ALDS and NLDS) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884 (Providence defeated New York three games to zero), to a high of fifteen in 1887 (Detroit beat St. Louis ten games to five). Both the 1885 and 1890 Series ended in ties, each team having won three games with one tie game.\nThe series was promoted and referred to as \"The Championship of the United States\", \"World's Championship Series\", or \"World's Series\" for short.\nIn his book Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883, Simon Winchester mentions in passing that the World Series was named for the New York World newspaper, but this view is disputed.\nThe 19th-century competitions are, however, not officially recognized as part of World Series history by Major League Baseball, as it considers 19th-century baseballIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 19 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It has traditionally been held in October, though some more recent editions were contested in November due to expanded playoffs and/or season delays. It has been contested since 1903 between the champion teams of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders",
"paragraph_text": "ado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players withPete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb are the only players with 4,000 career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, doing so during the 1902 season. Ichiro Suzuki is the current active leader.ListPete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb are the only players with 4,000 career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, doing so during the 1902 season. Ichiro Suzuki is the current active leader. first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (1,847) 110 in 2024\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Nippon Professional Baseball career hits leaders\nList of KBO career hits leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nSpecific\n\n\n== External links ==\nBaseball Reference\nMLB official list\nRetrosheet - Ty CobbListed are all Major League Baseball players who have reached the 2,000 hit milestone during their career in MLB. Pete Rose holds the Major League record for most career hits, with 4,256. Rose and Ty Cobb, second most, are the only players with 4,000 or more career hits. George Davis was the first switch hitter to collect 2,000 hits, achieving that total during the 1902 season.\n\n\n== Players with 2,000 or more hits ==\n\nStats updated as of August 6, 2024.\n\nOther active players with 1,800 or more hits through August 6, 2024.\n\nManny Machado (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": " issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 193MVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who among the league, which consists of the team with the highest number of games played prior to the league MVP being honored, has achieved the highest number of hits? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 75218,
"question": "who played in the most #1 games",
"answer": "the New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 128008,
"question": "Which is the league of #2 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 80286,
"question": "who has the most hits in #3 history",
"answer": "Pete Rose",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Pete Rose | [] | true | who has had the most hits in the league that includes the team that has played the most games of the type played just before the league MVP is awarded? |
2hop__26642_66233 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2018–19 NHL season",
"paragraph_text": " a trial during the 2018 All-Star Game and China games, the NHL began to allow teams to sell on-ice advertising placements in the corners of the rink. NHL chief revenue officer Keith Wachtel estimated that these new placements could provide up to $10 million in additional revenue to teams per season. During the playoffs, these advertising areas will be controlled by the league.\n\n\n=== Sports betting ===\nOn October 29, 2018, it was announced that MGM Resorts International would become the NHL's \"official sports wagering partner\" in the United States. This deal includes direct access to new forms of internal statistics data, as well as brand licensing agreements in relation to its sportsbooks, and came in the wake of a court ruling earlier in the year which declared the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (a U.S. law that forbade the legalization of sports betting outside of Nevada and other exempted states) to be unconstitutional.\n\n\n=== Expansion ===\nOn December 4, 2018, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman officially announced that the league had approved an expansion team in Seattle, later christened the Seattle Kraken, which is planned to begin play in the 2021–22 season. To accommodate the addition in 2021, the new team will be placed in the Pacific Division, while the Arizona Coyotes will be moved to the Central Division.\n\n\n=== Draft ===\nThe 2018 NHL Entry Draft was held June 22 and 23, 2018. The Buffalo Sabres, by virtue of winning the draft lottery on April 28, held the first overall selection, using it to select defenceman Rasmus Dahlin.\n\n\n=== Preseason games in China ===\nTwo preseason games were played in China. The Calgary Flames and Boston Bruins played one game (Calgary as home team) at the Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center in Shenzhen on September 15, 2018, and played another (Boston asThe 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.The 2018–19 NHL season was the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and ended on April 6The 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June. St. Louis Blues winning their first Stanley Cup in the Finals over the Boston Bruins in seven games.\n\n\n== League business ==\n\n\n=== Salary cap ===\nOn June 21, 2018, the National Hockey League Players' Association announced that the salary cap would be set at $79.5 million per team for the 2018–19 season.\n\n\n=== Rule changes ===\nNo major rule changes have been implemented this season.\n\n\n=== On-ice ads in the rink corners ===\nAfter a trial during the 2018 All-Star Game and China games, the NHL began to allow teams to sell on-ice advertising placements in the corners of the rink. NHL chief revenue officer Keith Wachtel estimated that these new placements could provide up to $10 million in additional revenue to teams per season. During the playoffs, these advertising areas will be controlled by the league.\n\n\n=== Sports betting ===\nOn October 29, 2018, it was announced that MGM Resorts International would become the NHL's \"official sports wagering partner\" in the United States. This deal includes direct access to new forms of internal statistics data, as well as brand licensing agreements in relation to its sportsbooks, and came in the wake of a court ruling earlier in the year which declared the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (a U.S. law that forbade the legalization of sports betting outside of Nevada and other exempted states) to be unconstitutional.\n\n\n=== Expansion ===\nOn December 4, 2018, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman officially announced that the league had approved an expansion team in Seattle, later christened the Seattle Kraken, which is planned to begin play in the 2021–22 season. To accommodate the addition in 2021, the new team will be placed in the Pacific Division, while the Arizona Coyotes will be moved to the Central Division.\n\n\n=== Draft ===\nThe 2018 NHL Entry Draft was held June 22 and 23, 2018. The Buffalo Sabres, by virtue of winning the draft lottery on April 28, held the first overall selection, using it to select defenceman Rasmus Dahlin.\n\n\n=== Preseason games in China ===\nTwo preseason games were played in China. The Calgary Flames and Boston Bruins played one game (Calgary as home team) at the Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center in Shenzhen on September 15, 2018, and played another (Boston asThe 2018 -- 19 NHL season will be the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams will be competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season is scheduled to begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.The 2018–19 NHL season was the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams competed in an 82-game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and ended",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Exhibition game",
"paragraph_text": ", regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL playersSeveral MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983.The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played atThe Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When is the commencement of the fresh season for the league that is home to the majority of the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team members? | [
{
"id": 26642,
"question": "What league were most members of the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team from?",
"answer": "NHL",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 66233,
"question": "when does the new season of #1 start",
"answer": "October 3, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | October 3, 2018 | [] | true | When does the new season of the league where most members of the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team are from start? |
2hop__84847_148696 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_text": " soon after he was born. The family had been lords of the manor and patrons of the living of Daylesford in direct line from 1281 until 1715. The Daylesford estate was then sold, there having been a considerable loss of family wealth due to support given to Charles I. Young Warren was brought up by his grandfather and educated in a charity school with the poorest children in the Gloucestershire village of Daylesford. At some point he was rescued by an uncle who sent him to London.\nHastings attended Westminster School, where he coincided with the future Prime Ministers Lord Shelburne and the Duke of Portland and with the poet William Cowper. He quickly excelled as a top scholar but was forced to leave at sixteen, when his uncle died. He joined the British East India Company in 1750 as a writer (clerk) and sailed out to India, reaching Calcutta in August 1750. There he built up a reputation for diligence and spent his free time learning about India and mastering Urdu and Persian. His work won him promotion in 1752 when he was sent to Kasimbazar, a major trading post in Bengal, where he worked for William Watts. While there he gained further experience in the politics of East India.\nBritish traders still relied on the whims of local rulers, so that the political turmoil in Bengal was unsettling. The elderly moderate Nawab Alivardi Khan was likely to be succeeded by his grandson Siraj ud-Daulah, but there were several other claimants. This made British trading posts throughout Bengal increasingly insecure, as Siraj ud-Daulah was known to harbour anti-European views and to be likely to launch an attack once he took power. When Alivardi Khan died in April 1756, the British traders and a small garrison at Kasimbazar were left vulnerable. On 3 June, after being surrounded by a much larger force, the British were persuaded to surrender to prevent a massacre. Hastings was imprisoned with others in the Bengali capital, Murshidabad, while the Nawab's forces marched on Calcutta and captured it. The garrison and civilians were then locked up under appalling conditions in the Black Hole of Calcutta.\n\n \nFor a while, Hastings remained in Murshidabad and was even used by the Nawab as an intermediary; but, fearing for his life, he escaped to the island of Fulta, where a number of refugees from Calcutta had taken shelter. While there, he met, fell in love with, and married Mary Buchanan, the widow of Captain John Buchanan (one of the victims of the Black Hole of Calcutta). Shortly afterwards a British expedition from Madras under Robert Clive arrived to rescue them. Hastings served as a volunteer in Clive's forces as they retook Calcutta in January 1757. After this swift defeat, the Nawab urgently sought peace and the war came to an end. Clive was impressed with Hastings when he met him and arranged for his return to Kasimbazar to resume his pre-war activities. Later in 1757, fighting resumed, leading to the Battle of Plassey, where Clive won a decisive victory over the Nawab. Siraj ud-Daulah was overthrown and replaced by his commander-in-chief Mir Jafar, who initiated policies favorable to the East India Company traders, before falling out with them and being overthrown.\n\n\n== Rising status ==\nIn 1758, Hastings became the British Resident in the Bengali capital of Murshidabad – a major step forward in his career – at the instigation of Clive. His role in the city was ostensibly that of an ambassador but as Bengal came increasingly under the dominance of the East India Company he was often given the task of issuing orders to the new Nawab on behalf of Clive and the Calcutta authorities. Hastings personally sympathised with Mir Jafar and regarded many of the demands placed on him by the company as excessive. Hastings had already developed a philosophy that was grounded in trying to establish a more understanding relationship with India's inhabitants and their rulers, and he often tried to mediate between the two sides.\nDuring Mir Jafar's reign, the East India Company exerted an increasingly large role in the running of the region, and effectively took over the defence of Bengal against external invaders when BengalWarren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814.WWarren Hastings (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818), an English statesman, was the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and thereby the first \"de facto\" Governor-General of India from 1774 to 1785. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial, he was acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Counsellor in 1814. coalition of native states and the French. In the end, the well-organized British side held its own, while France lost influence in India. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but he was eventually acquitted in 1795 after a long trial. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1814.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nWarren Hastings was born in Churchill, Oxfordshire in 1732 to Reverend Penyston Hastings and his wife Hester (née Warren), who died soon after he was born. The family had been lords of the manor and patrons of the living of Daylesford in direct line from 1281 until 1715. The Daylesford estate was then sold, there having been a considerable loss of family wealth due to support given to Charles I. Young Warren was brought up by his grandfather and educated in a charity school with the poorest children in the Gloucestershire village of Daylesford. At some point he was",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_text": " of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the Emperor/Empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Monarch of India. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the \"Governor-General of India\".\nIn 1858, because of the Indian Rebellion the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of theViceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950 title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all ofGovernors - General served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five - year terms. Governors - General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor - general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first Governor - General of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the Emperor/Empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Monarch of India. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the \"Governor-General of India\".\nIn 1858, because of the Indian Rebellion the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What was the rank or role of the first governor general in India? | [
{
"id": 84847,
"question": "who is the 1st governor general of india",
"answer": "Warren Hastings",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 148696,
"question": "What is the position of #1 ?",
"answer": "Governor-General of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Governor-General of India | [
"Viceroy of India"
] | true | What is the position of the 1st governor general of India? |
3hop1__699454_831637_91775 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "USS Sable (IX-81)",
"paragraph_text": " and her sister ship USS Wolverine – which together were used for the training of over 17,000 pilots, landing signal officers, and other navy personnel – hold the distinction of being the only freshwater, coal-fired, side paddle-wheel aircraft carriers used by the United States Navy.\n\n\n== Construction ==\nFormerly named Greater Buffalo, Sable was built in 1924 by the American Ship Building Company of Lorain, Ohio, as a sidewheel excursion steamer designed by marine architect Frank E. Kirby. Her hull number was 00786 and the official number assigned to her was 223663.\nThe interior of the ship was designed by W & J Sloane & Company of New York City in what was referred to as \"an adaptation of the Renaissance style\". The ship's saloon was on two decks, and there were 650 staterooms and more than 1,500 berths for passengers. A 22-foot (6.7 m)-long transportation-themed mural, painted by New York City artists Francklyn Paris and Frederick Wiley, was created on board Greater Buffalo. On the promenade deck at the stern of the ship was a smoking room with a line of windows that arced from one side of the ship to the other. Each room had a telephone connected by a central switch board located in the ship's lobby. The highest priced staterooms offered a private bathroom, couch and balcony. Her dining room could seat 375 with amenities including distilled water and what was advertised as \"washed and cooled air\". Foot lights were incorporated into the hallways and staircases so that the main lights could be turned off for the passengers sleeping comfort. Greater Buffalo could transport up to 103 vehicles on her main deck and 1,000 tons of freight. At the time she was givenUSS \"Sable\" (IX-81) was a training ship of the United States Navy during World War II. Originally built as the passenger ship \"Greater Buffalo\", a sidewheel excursion steamer, she was purchased by the Navy in 1942 and converted to a training aircraft carrier to be used on the Great Lakes. Lacking a hangar deck, elevators or armament, she was not a true warship, but provided advanced training of naval aviators in carrier takeoffs and landings.USS \"Sable\" (IX-81) was a training ship of the United States Navy during World War II. Originally built as the passenger ship \"Greater Buffalo\", a sidewheel excursion steamer, she was purchased by the Navy in 1942 and converted to a training aircraft carrier to be used on the Great Lakes. Lacking a hangar deck, elevators or armament, she was not a true warship, but provided advanced training of naval aviators in carrier takeoffs and landings.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "United States Navy SEALs",
"paragraph_text": "The United States Navy's ``Sea, Air, and Land ''Teams, commonly abbreviated as the Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEALs' main functions are conducting small - unit maritime military operations that originate from, and return to, a river, ocean, swamp, delta, or coastline. The SEALs are trained to operate in all environments (Sea, Air, and Land) for which they are named. highly trained, and possess a high degree of proficiency in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydro-graphic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy",
"paragraph_text": "except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the ShahThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy. Wickes-class destroyers. The peacetime years between 1919 and 1941 resulted in many of these flush deck destroyers being laid up. Additionally, treaties regulated destroyer construction. The 1500-ton destroyers built in the 1930s under the treaties had stability problems that limited expansion of their armament in World War II. During World War II, the United States began building largerThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy.The first automotive torpedo was developed in 1866, and the torpedo boat was developed soon after. In 1898, while the Spanish–American War was being fought in the Caribbean and the Pacific, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt wrote that the Spanish torpedo boat destroyers were the only threat to the American navy, and pushed for the acquisition of similar vessels. On 4 May 1898, the US Congress authorized the first sixteen torpedo boat destroyers and twelve seagoing torpedo boats for the United States Navy.\nIn World War I, the U.S. Navy began mass-producing destroyers, laying 273 keels of the Clemson and Wickes-class destroyers. The peacetime years between 1919 and 1941 resulted in many of these flush deck destroyers being laid up. Additionally, treaties regulated destroyer construction. The 1500-ton destroyers built in the 1930s under the treaties had stability problems that limited expansion of their armament in World War II. During World War II, the United States began building larger 2100-ton destroyers with five-gun main batteries, but without stability problems.\nThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the Farragut class became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the Spruance-class destroyers entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy.\nThe Arleigh Burke class, introduced in 1991, has been the U.S. Navy's only destroyer class in commission since 2005; construction continued through 2012 and was restarted in 2015. A further class, the Zumwalt, is entering service; the first ship was launched in 2013. The Zumwalt class will number three ships.\n\n\n== Pre–World War I ==\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the American military division that is responsible for various destroyer categories and the USS Sable, what is the meaning of the acronym SEAL? | [
{
"id": 699454,
"question": "USS Sable >> operator",
"answer": "United States Navy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 831637,
"question": "list of destroyer classes of #1 >> operator",
"answer": "U.S. Navy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 91775,
"question": "what does seal stand for in #2 seals",
"answer": "Sea, Air, and Land",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | Sea, Air, and Land | [] | true | What does seal stand for in the U.S. military branch that operates a list of destroyer classes, as well as the USS Sable? |
2hop__84971_67668 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " A Series of Unfortunate Events follows the misadventures of the three Baudelaire children, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny, following the deaths of their parents and the destruction of their home. While the children are shuffled between various foster homes, they are pursued by Count Olaf, who desires to gain control of the vast Baudelaire inheritance before Violet comes of age. Along the way, the Baudelaires discover their parents' connections to an elusive secret society called the Volunteer Fire Department (often abbreviated to V.F.D.).\nThe first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists ofNeil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf, an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised.ANeil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf, an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised.burton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith. Dylan Kingwell, Avi Lake, Sara Rue and Lucy Punch join the cast in the second season.\nSimilar to the book series, A Series of Unfortunate Events follows the misadventures of the three Baudelaire children, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny, following the deaths of their parents and the destruction of their home. While the children are shuffled between various foster homes, they are pursued by Count Olaf, who desires to gain control of the vast Baudelaire inheritance before Violet comes of age. Along the way, the Baudelaires discover their parents' connections to an elusive secret society called the Volunteer Fire Department (often abbreviated to V.F.D.).\nThe first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists ofNeil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf, an actor determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He has one eyebrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised.A Series of Unfortunate Events is an American black comedy drama television series based on the book series of the same name by Lemony Snicket (the pen name of American author Daniel Handler) for Netflix. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith. Dylan Kingwell, Avi Lake, Sara Rue and Lucy Punch join the cast in the second season.\nSimilar to the book series, A Series of Unfortunate Events follows the misadventures of the three Baudelaire children, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny, following the deaths of their parents and the destruction of their home. While the children are shuffled between various foster homes, they are pursued by Count Olaf, who desires to gain control of the vast Baudelaire inheritance before Violet comes of age. Along the way, the Baudelaires discover their parents' connections to an elusive secret society called the Volunteer Fire Department (often abbreviated to V.F.D.).\nThe first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books of the series. The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30, 2018, consisting of ten episodes and adapting the fifth through the ninth books. The third and final season, which was announced in April 2017 and released on January 1, 2019, consists of seven episodes and adapts the remaining four books.\nThroughout its run, the series received critical acclaim, with praise towards its production values, writing, faithfulness to the novels, and acting, particularly that of Harris as Count Olaf.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nWhen a mysterious fire destroys their home and kills their parents, the Baudelaire children, Violet, Klaus and Sunny, are placed in the care of their distant 'relative' Count Olaf, an actor who is determined to claim the family fortune for himself. Following Olaf's failed attempt at getting the Baudelaires' fortune and his plot being exposed, the Baudelaires are placed in the custody of a series of inept or unsympathetic guardians, as they try to elude Olaf and his followers and uncover the mystery behind a secret society from their parents' past. The mysterious and melancholic Lemony Snicket narrates the Baudelaires' adventures for the audience.\n\n\n== Cast and characters ==\n\n\n=== Main ===\nNeil Patrick Harris as Count Olaf, a failing actor who is determined to claim the Baudelaire fortune for himself. He is a member of the fire-starting side of the secret organization VFD (Volunteer Fire Department). He has a unibrow and a tattoo resembling an eye on his left ankle, which is frequently used to identify him when he is disguised.\nPatrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket, the narrator and member of VFD who is tasked with explaining the events during the lives of the Baudelaires\nMalina Weissman as Violet Baudelaire, the eldest Baudelaire sibling, an inventor and talented mechanic\nLouis Hynes as Klaus Baudelaire, the middle Baudelaire child, interested in literature and books\nK. Todd Freeman as Arthur Poe, the family banker at Mulctuary Money Management and executor of the Baudelaire parents' estate, who is in charge of placing the Baudelaires in the care of a suitable guardian. He is often seen to be oblivious to the crimes around him despite the Baudelaire siblings telling him.\nPresley Smith as Sunny Baudelaire, the infant Baudelaire child with unnaturally strong teeth and eventually a love for cooking. Tara Strong provides Sunny's babbling sound effects, the",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Batman: Under the Red Hood",
"paragraph_text": " financial districts after learning that he has captured Jason Todd, the second Robin, Batman's partner. In Sarajevo, Bosnia, Joker brutally assaults and tortures Jason in an abandoned warehouse. He then locks Jason in the warehouse with a bomb, which explodes and kills him before Batman arrives.\nFive years later in Gotham City, a mysterious vigilante called Red Hood assembles a meetingBatman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic.Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct-to-video film produced by Warner Premiere, DC Entertainment, and Warner Bros. Animation, and released by Warner Home Video. Directed by Brandon Vietti and written by Judd Winick, it is the eighth film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies. The film, directly derived from the Batman storyline \"Under the Hood\" (also written by Winnick), sees Batman as he confronts and searches for the identity of a vigilante called Red Hood. The voice cast includes Bruce Greenwood and Jensen Ackles as Batman and Red Hood, respectively, alongside John DiMaggio, Neil Patrick Harris, Jason Isaacs, and Wade Williams.\nBatman: Under the Red Hood was released on July 27, 2010, and received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised its plot, animation, and focus on storytelling. It is generally considered to be one of the best in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. The film was also a commercial success, grossing over $12 million in home video sales. The two-disc special edition and Blu-ray also includes an animated short featuring Jonah Hex. An interactive short spiritual sequel/film adaptation, Batman: Death in the Family, was released on October 13, 2020.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRa's al Ghul realizes his mistake in hiring the Joker to use him as a distraction while he destroyed Europe's financial districts after learning that he has captured Jason Todd, the second Robin, Batman's partner. In Sarajevo, Bosnia, Joker brutally assaults and tortures Jason in an abandoned warehouse. He then locks Jason in the warehouse with a bomb, which explodes and kills him before Batman arrives.\nFive years later in Gotham City, a mysterious vigilante called Red Hood assembles a meeting of the city's most prominent drug dealers. He announces a takeover of their drug trade, taking only a quarter of the profit while offering them protection from both Black Mask and Batman, but threatens to kill them if anyone is caught dealing drugs to children.\nMeanwhile, Batman stops an attempted theft of a shipment that belonged to Black Mask, which contains the advanced android Amazo. Batman destroys Amazo with the help of Jason's predecessor Dick Grayson a.k.a. Nightwing and discovers the thieves are working for Red Hood who then kills them. He chases Red Hood to Ace Chemicals, where an explosion destroys the facility. Batman and Nightwing interrogate Joker at Arkham Asylum about Red Hood, but he denies involvement.\nInfuriated, Black Mask puts a hit on Red Hood for Amazo's destruction. Batman and Nightwing prevent Red Hood from hijacking Black Mask's next weapon shipment. They chase Red Hood to a train station, where he escapes after detonating a bomb, which injures Nightwing. As Alfred Pennyworth tends to Nightwing, Batman realizes that the Red Hood is trained and has knowledge of Batman's tactics, gear, and secret identity.\nBatman recalls Jason performing the same maneuvers as Robin and that Jason grew more violent and bloodthirsty as he aged. Black Mask sends out the Fearsome Hand of Four to lure Red Hood in. They nearly overpower him until Batman helps incapacitate three of them and Red Hood kills the fourth, horrifying Batman. Red Hood explains he is doing what Batman will not: killing criminals who are not afraid.\nBatman analyzes a blood sample of Red Hood drawn from the battle and it matches Jason's. After discovering Jason's corpse is fake, Batman confronts Ra's al Ghul and demands to know the truth. Ra's explains that he felt responsible for Jason's death and, as a peace offering, swapped Jason's body for a fake and revived him in the Lazarus Pit, but following his resurrection, Jason was driven insane and escaped.\nAfter surviving an assassination attempt by Red Hood, Black Mask sets Joker freeBatman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic. Under the Red Hood was released on July 27, 2010, and received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised its plot, animation, and focus on",
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] | Which role does the actor who portrayed Count Olaf in "A Series of Unfortunate Events" also play in the film Batman Under the Red Hood? | [
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"id": 84971,
"question": "count olaf a series of unfortunate events netflix",
"answer": "Neil Patrick Harris",
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"id": 67668,
"question": "who does #1 play in batman under the red hood",
"answer": "Nightwing / Dick Grayson",
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] | Nightwing / Dick Grayson | [
"Nightwing",
"Dick Grayson",
"Batman",
"Robin"
] | true | The actor who plays Count Olaf in "A Series of Unfortunate Events" also plays which character in Batman Under the Red Hood? |
2hop__59274_461854 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Darlings of the Gods",
"paragraph_text": "Darlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Vivien Leigh",
"paragraph_text": " as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second Oscar was in 1951, for A Streetcar Named Desire. Playwright Tennessee Williams saw her on the London stage, and after conveying his impressions to co-producer Irene Mayer Selznick, Leigh was signed for the role of Blanche DuBois in the 1949 London production of the play. After playing the role of DuBois for 326 performances, Leigh was flown to Los Angeles to begin filming the movie version.\nHer star was placed on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960.\n\n\n== Stage ==\n\n\n== Films ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nBean, Kendra (2013). Vivien Leigh: An Intimate Portrait. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Running Press Book Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7624-5099-2.\n\n\n== References ==British actress Vivien Leigh (1913–1967) was born in Darjeeling, India; her family returned to England when she was six years old. In addition to her British schooling, she was also educated in France, Italy, and Germany, and became multilingual. Classically trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, her film debut was in an uncredited role in the 1935 comedy Things Are Looking Up.\nWhile studying Shakespearean drama at The Old Vic, she met Laurence Olivier, who would become her most frequent artistic collaborator. Even though her film roles brought her global name recognition and acclaim, the bulk of her work was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or co-star. Many of their productions on the British stage were based on the works of William Shakespeare. In 1943, as part of the Old Vic Spring Party, they toured North Africa for three months entertaining British troops. In 1961, they were part of The Old Vic Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America.\nShe appeared in 19 theatrically released films, twice winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, both times for her dramatic depictions of women from the American South. Her first Oscar was in 1939, for her performance in Gone with the Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second OscarVivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).Vivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963). was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or co-star. Many of their productions on the British stage were based on the works of William Shakespeare. In 1943, as part of the Old Vic Spring Party, they toured North Africa for three months entertaining British troops. In 1961, they were part of The Old Vic Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America.\nShe appeared in 19 theatrically released films, twice winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, both times for her dramatic depictions of women from the American South. Her first Oscar was in 1939, for her performance in Gone with the Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second Oscar was in 1951, for A Streetcar Named Desire. Playwright Tennessee Williams saw her on the London stage, and after conveying his impressions to co-producer Irene Mayer Selznick, Leigh was signed for the role of Blanche DuBois in the 1949 London production of the play. After playing the role of DuBois for 326 performances, Leigh was flown to Los Angeles to begin filming the movie version.\nHer star was placed on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960.\n\n\n== Stage ==\n\n\n== Films ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nBean, Kendra (2013). Vivien Leigh: An Intimate Portrait. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Running Press Book Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7624-5099-2.\n\n\n== References ==British actress Vivien Leigh (1913–1967) was born in Darjeeling, India; her family returned to England when she was six years old. In addition to her British schooling, she was also educated in France, Italy, and Germany, and became multilingual. Classically trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, her film debut was in an uncredited role in the 1935 comedy Things Are Looking Up.\nWhile studying Shakespearean drama at The Old Vic, she met Laurence Olivier, who would become her most frequent artistic collaborator. Even though her film roles brought her global name recognition and acclaim, the bulk of her work was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or co-star. Many of their productions on the British stage were based on the works of William Shakespeare. In 1943, as part of the Old Vic Spring Party, they toured North Africa for three months entertaining British troops. In 1961, they were part of The Old Vic Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America.\nShe appeared in 19 theatrically released films, twice winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, both times for her dramatic depictions of women from the American South. Her first Oscar was in 1939, for her performance in Gone with the Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second OscarVivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).British actress Vivien Leigh (1913–1967) was born in Darjeeling, India; her family returned to England when she was six years old. In addition to her British schooling, she was also educated in France, Italy, and Germany, and became multilingual. Classically trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, her film debut was in an uncredited role in the 1935 comedy Things Are Looking Up.\nWhile studying Shakespearean drama at The Old Vic, she met Laurence Olivier, who would become her most frequent artistic collaborator. Even though her film roles brought her global name recognition and acclaim, the bulk of her work was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or co-star. Many of their productions on the British stage were based on the works of William Shakespeare. In 1943, as part of the Old Vic Spring Party, they toured North Africa for three months entertaining British troops. In 1961, they were part of The Old Vic Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America.\nShe appeared in 19 theatrically released films, twice winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, both times for her dramatic depictions of women from the American South. Her first Oscar was in 1939, for her performance in Gone with the Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second Oscar was in 1951, for A Streetcar Named Desire. Playwright Tennessee Williams saw her on the London stage, and after conveying his impressions to co-producer Irene Mayer Selznick",
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] | Who was married to the actor that portrayed Scarlett in the film Gone With the Wind? | [
{
"id": 59274,
"question": "who played scarlett in gone with the wind",
"answer": "Vivien Leigh",
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{
"id": 461854,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Laurence Olivier",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | Laurence Olivier | [] | true | Who was the spouse of the actor who played Scarlett in Gone With the Wind? |
2hop__57638_72467 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders",
"paragraph_text": " records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls, and O'Neal in 2000 with the Los Angeles Lakers. Since the introduction of the three-point field goal, O'Neal is the only scoring leader to not have made a three-pointer during the season.\nAt 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009–10 season. Stephen Curry led the league with an average of 30.1 points in the 2015–16 season and became the first player to win the title shooting 50–40–90 in a season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016–17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple-double in a season. The most recent champion is Luka Dončić.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Annual leaders ==\n\n\n== Multiple-time leaders ==\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball League (United States) season scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual assists leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual steals leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual field goal percentage leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\n\nSpecificIn basketball, points are accumulated through free throws or field goals. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given season. The scoring title was originally determined by total points scored through the 1968–69 season, after which points per game was used to determine the leader instead. The three-point field goal was introduced in the NBA at the start of the 1979–80 season. To qualify for the scoring title, a player must appear in at least 58 games (out of 82). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls, and O'Neal in 2000 with the Los Angeles Lakers. Since the introduction of the three-point field goal, O'Neal is the only scoring leader to not have made a three-pointer during the season.\nAt 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009–10 season. Stephen Curry led the league with an average of 30.1 points in the 2015–16 season and became the first player to win the title shooting 50–40–90 in a season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016–17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple-double in a season. The most recent champion is Luka Dončić.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Annual leaders ==\n\n\n== Multiple-time leaders ==\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball League (United States) season scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual 3-point scoring leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual assists leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual steals leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders\nList of National Basketball Association annual field goal percentage leaders\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\n\nSpecificIn basketball, points are accumulated through free throws or field goals. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) scoring title is awarded to the player with the highest points per game average in a given season. The scoring title was originally determined by total points scored through the 1968–69 season, after which points per game was used to determine the leader instead. The three-point field goal was introduced in the NBA at the start of the 1979–80 season. To qualify for the scoring title, a player must appear in at least 58 games (out of 82). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pettit, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Tracy McGrady, Kobe Bryant, Russell Westbrook, Stephen Curry and Joel Embiid have each won the scoring title twice. Since the 1946–47 season, five players have won both the scoring title and the NBA championship in the same season: Joe Fulks in 1947 with the Philadelphia Warriors, Mikan from 1949 to 1950 with the Minneapolis Lakers, Abdul-Jabbar (then Lew Alcindor)[g] in 1971 with the Milwaukee Bucks, Jordan from 1991 to 1993 and from 1996 to 1998 with the Chicago Bulls, and O'Neal in 2000 with the Los Angeles Lakers. Since the introduction of the three-point field goal, O'Neal is the only scoring leader to not have made a three-pointer during the season.\nAt 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009–10 season. Stephen Curry led the league with an average of 30.1 points in the 2015–16 season and became the first player to win the title shooting 50–40–90 in a season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016–17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple-double in a season. The most recent champion is Luka Dončić.\n\n\n== Key ==\n\n\n== Annual leaders ==\n\n\n== Multiple-time leaders ==\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders\nList of National BasketballWilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.). However, a player who appears in fewer than 58 games may qualify as annual scoring leader if his point total would have given him the greatest average, had he appeared in 58 games. For the scoring title, this has been the requirement since the 2013–14 season, with requirements changing several times previously throughout history.\nWilt Chamberlain holds the all-time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961–62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959–60 season. Among active players, James Harden has the highest point total (2,818) and the highest scoring average (36.1) in a season; both were achieved in the 2018–19 season.\nMichael Jordan has won the most scoring titles, with ten. Jordan and Chamberlain are the only players to have won seven consecutive scoring titles (this was also Chamberlain's career total). George Gervin, Allen Iverson and Kevin Durant have won four scoring titles in their career, and James Harden, George Mikan, Neil Johnston and Bob McAdoo have achieved it three times. Paul Arizin, Bob Pett",
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},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2007 NBA draft",
"paragraph_text": "reshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while OdenFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the firstFreshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which team drafted the player with the highest average points in NBA history? | [
{
"id": 57638,
"question": "who has the highest point average in nba history",
"answer": "Kevin Durant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 72467,
"question": "where did #1 go in the nba draft",
"answer": "Seattle SuperSonics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Seattle SuperSonics | [
"Sonics"
] | true | What team picked the highest point average holder in NBA history in the NBA draft? |
2hop__37097_86208 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": " is Zewail City of Science and Technology.Egypt (Arabic: مصر Mi���r [mes��r], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s��r]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa.\nEgypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867.\nThe country was then occupied by the British Empire and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961 Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. Egypt fought several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupied the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, which recognised Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from the occupied Sinai. After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the country faced a proWith over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.aba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. AtCairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.Egypt (Arabic: مصر Mi���r [mes��r], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s��r]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa.\nEgypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867.\nThe country was then occupied by the British Empire and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961 Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. Egypt fought several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupied the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, which recognised Israel in exchange for its withdrawal from the occupied Sinai. After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak, the country faced a protracted period of political unrest; this included the election in 2012 of a brief, short-lived",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Flooding of the Nile",
"paragraph_text": " flooding of the Nile has been an important natural cycle in Nubia and Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El-Nil. It is also celebrated in the Coptic Church by ceremonially throwing a martyr's relic into the river, hence the name, The Martyr's Finger (Coptic: ��������������� ���������������������������, Arabic: Esba` al-shahīd). The flooding of the Nile was poetically described in myth as Isis's tears of sorrow for Osiris when killed by his brother Set.\n\n\n== Flooding cycle ==\nThe flooding of the Nile is the result of the yearly monsoon between May and August causing enormous precipitations on the Ethiopian Highlands whose summits reach heights of up to 4,550 m (14,930 ft). Most of this rainwater is taken by the Blue Nile and by the Atbarah River into the Nile, while a less important amount flows through the Sobat and the White Nile into the Nile. During this short period, those rivers contribute up to ninety percent of the water of the Nile and most of the sedimentation carried by it, but after the rainy season, dwindle to minor rivers.\nThe flooding as such was foreseeable, although its exact dates and levels could be forecast only on a short-term basis, by transmitting the gauge readings at Aswan to the lower parts of the kingdom where the data had to be converted to the local circumstances. \nThe Egyptian year was divided into the three seasons of Akhet (Inundation), Peret (Growth), and Shemu (Harvest). Akhet covered the Egyptian flood cycle. This cycle was so consistent that the Egyptians timed its onset using the heliacal rising of Sirius, the key event used to set their calendar.\nThe first indications of the rise of the river could be seen at the first of the cataracts of the Nile (at Aswan) as early as the beginning of June, and a steady increase went on until the middle of July, when the increase of water became very great. The Nile continued to rise until the beginning of September, when the level remained stationary for a period of about three weeks, sometimes a little less. In October, it often rose again and reached its highest level. From this period, it began to subside and usually sank steadily until the month of June, when it reached its lowest level again. Flooding reached Aswan about a week earlier than Cairo, and Luxor five to six days earlier than Cairo. Typical heights of flood were 45 feet (14 metres) at Aswan, 38 feet (12 metres) at Luxor (and Thebes) and 25 feet (7.6 metres) at Cairo.\n\n\n== Agriculture ==\n\n\n=== Basin irrigation ===\nWhilst the earliest Egyptians simply laboured those areas which were inundated by the floods, some 7000 years ago, they started to develop the basin irrigation method. Agricultural land was divided into large fields surrounded by dams and dykes and equipped with intake andThe flooding of the Nile (Arabic: عيد وفاء النيل , translit. eid wafa al - nayl) has been an important natural cycle in Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El - Nil. It is also celebrated in the Coptic Church by ceremonially throwing a martyr's relic into the river, hence the name, The Martyr's Finger (Coptic: ⲡⲓⲧⲏⲃ ⲛⲙⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲟⲥ, Arabic: Esba `al - shahīd ). Ancient Egyptians believed that the Nile flooded every year because of Isis's tears of sorrow for her dead husband, Osiris.The flooding of the Nile (Arabic: عيد وفاء النيل , translit. eid wafa al - nayl) has been an important natural cycle in Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El - Nil. It is also celebrated in the Coptic Church by ceremonially throwing a martyr's relic into the river, hence the name, The Martyr's Finger (Coptic: ��������������� ���������������������������, Arabic: Esba `al - shahīd ). Ancient Egyptians believed that the Nile flooded every year because of Isis's tears of sorrow for her dead husband, Osiris.The flooding of the Nile has been an important natural cycle in Nubia and Egypt since ancient times. It is celebrated by Egyptians as an annual holiday for two weeks starting August 15, known as Wafaa El-Nil. It is also celebrated in the Coptic Church by ceremonially throwing a martyr's relic into the river, hence the name, The Martyr's Finger (Coptic: ��������������� ���������������������������, Arabic: Esba` al-shahīd). The flooding of the Nile was poetically described in myth",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What time of year does the river, which most Egyptians reside close to, typically overflow? | [
{
"id": 37097,
"question": "Majority of Egypt people live near what river?",
"answer": "Nile River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 86208,
"question": "when does #1 flood every year",
"answer": "August",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | August | [
"Aug"
] | true | When does the river that the majority of Egyptians live near flood each year? |
2hop__85325_88165 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Keturah",
"paragraph_text": "idservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers.\nLouis Feldman has said \"Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them.\"\nAccording to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E.\n\n\n== Relationship with Abraham ==\nKeturah is referred to in Genesis as \"another wife\" of Abraham (Hebrew: א��ש����Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qə���ûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.Keturah (Hebrew: ������ו��ר��ה, Qə���ūrā, possibly meaning \"incense\"; Arabic: قطورة) was a wife and a concubine of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. According to Jewish tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth.\nOne modern commentator on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah \"the most ignored significant person in the Torah\". The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical commentators, related a traditional belief that Keturah was the same person as Hagar, although this idea cannot be found in the biblical text. However, Hagar was Sarah's Egyptian maidservant.\n\n\n== Sources ==\nKeturah is mentioned in two passages of the Hebrew Bible: in the Book of Genesis and in the First Book of Chronicles. Additionally, she is mentioned in Antiquities of the Jews by the 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian Josephus, in the Talmud, the Midrash, the Targum on the Torah, the Genesis Rabbah, and various other writings of Jewish theologians and philosophers.\nLouis Feldman has said \"Josephus records evidence of the prolific non-Jewish polymath Alexander Polyhistor, who in turn cites the historian Cleodemus Malchus, who states that two of the sons of Abraham by Keturah joined Heracles' campaign in Africa, and that Heracles, without doubt the greatest Greek hero of them all, married the daughter of one of them.\"\nAccording to Doctor of Anthropology Paula M. McNutt, it is generally recognized that there is nothing specific in the biblical traditions recorded in Genesis, including those regarding Abraham and his family, that can be definitively related to known history in or around Canaan in the early second millennium B.C.E.\n\n\n== Relationship with Abraham ==\nKeturah is referred to in Genesis as \"another wife\" of Abraham (Hebrew: א��ש����ה Translit.: 'išāh Translated: woman, wife). In First Chronicles, she is called Abraham's \"concubine\" (Hebrew: ������י��������ש�� Translit.: pilegeš Translated: concubine).\nAccording to one opinion in the midrashic work Genesis Rabbah, Keturah and Hagar are names for the same person, whom Abraham remarried after initially expelling. This opinion was adopted and popularized by 11th-century scholar Rashi. Possible justifications for this opinion include the fact that Keturah is referred toKeturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה , Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. to Jewish tradition, she was a descendant of Noah's son Japheth.\nOne modern commentator on the Hebrew Bible has called Keturah \"the most ignored significant person in the Torah\". The medieval Jewish commentator Rashi, and some previous rabbinical",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Incest in the Bible",
"paragraph_text": " similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked.InIn ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage -- marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half - sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked. behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half-brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half-sIn ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage -- marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half - sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked.Incest in the Bible refers to sexual relations between certain close kinship relationships which are prohibited by the Hebrew Bible. These prohibitions are found predominantly in\nLeviticus 18:7–18 and 20:11–21, but also in Deuteronomy. \nIn ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage – marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half-sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half-brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half-sister as unusual, rather than wicked.\n\n\n== Instances ==\nThe Bible mentions a number of sexual relationships between close kin, most of which relate to the pre-Sinai period, before the handing down of the Mosaic law:\n\nIn Genesis 9:20–27, Ham saw his father Noah's nakedness. The Talmud suggests that Ham may have sodomized Noah (Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 70a). In more recent times, some scholars have suggested that Ham may have had intercourse with his father's wife.\nAbraham's brother Nahor married his niece Milcah, the daughter of his other brother Haran.\nLiving in an isolated area after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot's two daughters conspired to inebriate and seduce their father due to the lack of available partners. Because of intoxication, Lot \"perceived not\" when his firstborn, and the following night his younger daughter, lay with him. (Genesis 19:32–35) The two children born were directly Lot's sons and indirectly his grandsons, being his daughters' sons. Likewise, their sons were also half-brothers (between them and with their mothers), having the same father, as well as cousins, having mothers that were sisters.\nIn one of the tales of a wife confused for a sister, Abraham admitted that his wife Sarah is his half-sister—the daughter of his father but not his mother. However, in rabbinic literature, Sarah is considered Abraham's niece (the daughter of his brother, Haran).\nMarriage of cousins was common in the pre-Sinai period. Abraham's son Isaac married Rebekah, his first cousin once removed, the granddaughter of his father Abraham's brother Nahor with Milcah.\nIsaac and Rebekah's firstborn son Esau resorted to marrying his cousin Mahalath, daughter",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | After Sarah's demise in the Bible, to whom did the individual who wedded their half-sibling get married? | [
{
"id": 85325,
"question": "who married their half sister in the bible",
"answer": "Abraham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 88165,
"question": "who did #1 marry after the death of sarah",
"answer": "Keturah",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Keturah | [] | true | Who did the person who married their half sister in the bible marry after the death of sarah? |
4hop1__161765_53706_795904_580996 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": " attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold RushRumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! '' into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy; the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation, and the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "History of Sacramento, California",
"paragraph_text": " inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorersThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.Sacramento was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento (Most Holy Sacrament), referring to the Catholic Eucharist.\nBefore the arrival of Europeans, the Nisenan Native American tribe inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early 19th Century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay which constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. When John Sutter arrived in the provincial colonial capital of Monterey in 1839, governor Juan Bautista Alvarado provided Sutter with the land he asked for, and Sutter established New Helvetia, whichThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.\nSacramento was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento (Most",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Rio Linda High School",
"paragraph_text": " opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8% are African-American and 4% are Middle Eastern/Indian. 93% of the students receive a reduced price/free lunch and 19% of the student body (386 students) are English language learners. The 3 most commonly spoken languages spoken by English language learners at this school are Spanish (205 students), Hmong (86 students), and Russian (40 students) Punjabi/Urdu/Arabic (40 students)\n\n\n== Rankings ==\nIn 2012, after evaluating 21,776 high schools across the nation, U.S. News & World Report awarded Rio Linda High School a silver medal. Rio Linda was ranked 1,605th nationally (top 8%) and 337th within the state of California (top 14%)\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nJay Mosley, member of the Missouri House of Representatives\nDarren Oliver, Major League Baseball player\nSheila Hudson, Olympian, USATF Board of Director & Hall of Fame, Cal State Los Angeles Golden Eagles Sr Athletics Executive, USTFCCCA Hall of Fame\nJustin E. H. Smith, philosopher and author\nKay Ivey, the current governor of Alabama, taught at the school in the 1960s\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteRio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, California, United States. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one of the primary high schools forRio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District. School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Douglas Engelbart",
"paragraph_text": " his second wife, the four children from his first marriage, and nine grandchildren.\"Engelbart served on the Advisory Boards of the University of Santa Clara Center for Science, Technology, and Society, Foresight Institute, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, The Technology Center of Silicon Valley, and The Liquid Information Company.Engelbart had four children, Gerda, Diana, Christina and Norman with his first wife Ballard, who died in 1997 after 47 years of marriage. He remarried on January 26, 2008 to writer and producer Karen O'Leary Engelbart. An 85th birthday celebration was held at the Tech Museum of Innovation. Engelbart died at his home in Atherton, California on July 2, 2013, due to kidney failure. According to the Doug Engelbart Institute, his death came after a long battle with Alzheimer's disease, which he was diagnosed with in 2007. Engelbart was 88 and was survived by his second wife, the four children from his first marriage, and nine grandchildren.erox PARC in the early 1970s. The underlying concepts and technologiesEngelbart served on the Advisory Boards of the University of Santa Clara Center for Science, Technology, and Society, Foresight Institute, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, The Technology Center of Silicon Valley, and The Liquid Information Company.Engelbart had four children, Gerda, Diana, Christina and Norman with his first wife Ballard, who died in 1997 after 47 years of marriage. He remarried on January 26, 2008 to writer and producer Karen O'Leary Engelbart. An 85th birthday celebration was held at the Tech Museum of Innovation. Engelbart died at his home in Atherton, California on July 2, 2013, due to kidney failure. According to the Doug Engelbart Institute, his death came after a long battle with Alzheimer's disease, which he was diagnosed with in 2007. Engelbart was 88 and was survived by his second wife, the four children from his first marriage, and nine grandchildren.\"The Mother of All Demos\" was a landmark computer demonstration of developments by the Augmentation Research Center, given at the Association for Computing Machinery / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (ACM/IEEE)—Computer Society's Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, by Douglas Engelbart, on December 9, 1968. The name The Mother of All Demos has been retroactively applied to the demonstration.\nThe live demonstration featured the introduction of a complete computer hardware and software system called the oN-Line System or, more commonly, NLS. The 90-minute presentation demonstrated for the first time many of the fundamental elements of modern personal computing: windows, hypertext, graphics, efficient navigation and command input, video conferencing, the computer mouse, word processing, dynamic file linking, revision control",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In which city, bordering the city where a person, who works there and traveled to the state where Englebart passed away during the gold rush, resides? | [
{
"id": 161765,
"question": "In what state did Engelbart die?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 53706,
"question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush",
"answer": "Samuel Brannan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 795904,
"question": "#2 >> work location",
"answer": "Sacramento",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 580996,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Rio Linda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Rio Linda | [] | true | What city shares a border with the city where the person who went to the state where Englebart died during the gold rush works? |
4hop1__814776_765799_282674_759393 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Pulaski High School",
"paragraph_text": " rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBoys' Basketball: 2013\nWrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)\nFootball: 1980 (runner-up)\nSoftball: 1996 (runner-up)\nCross Country: 2004 (runner-up)\nRugbyPulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, in Brown County, Wisconsin (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12. Its mascot is the Red Raider. Raider.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades. In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool. Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nPulaski offers Advanced Placement classes. The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nOver 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2.9 percent are American Indian, 2.5 percent are Hispanic, 1.4 percent are African American and 1.0 percent are Asian. The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch.\n\n\n== Athletics ==\n\n\n=== State championships ===\nBoys' Basketball: 2013\nWrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)\nFootball: 1980 (runner-up)\nSoftball: 1996 (runner-up)\nCross Country: 2004 (runner-up)\nRugby: 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2018\nPulaski has also had a number of individual state champions.\nIn 2016, Pulask",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jerome Quinn",
"paragraph_text": " realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on theBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican. Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973. He was a Republican.\n\n\n== References ==Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor.\nBorn in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Western Islands (publisher)",
"paragraph_text": " organs by which the John Birch Society distributed its published materials across the continent.\nNotable books published by Western Islands include Nicaragua Betrayed by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox and a 1965 edition of I Saw Poland Betrayed by Arthur Bliss Lane.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJohn Birch Society\nJohn H. Rees\nThe New American\nOne Dozen Candles\nWestern Goals Foundation\n\n\n== External links ==\nJohn Birch Society website\nWestern Islands at HathiTrust\nWestern Islands at Internet Archive\nWestern Islands at Open Library\n\n\n== References ==Western Islands is the publishing arm of the John Birch Society (JBS). Originally in Belmont, Massachusetts, Western Islands is now located in Appleton, Wisconsin, where the JBS has its current headquarters. Alongside the American Opinion Bookstores and Speakers' Bureau, Western Islands was one of the primary organs by which the John Birch Society distributed its published materials across the continent.\nNotable books published by Western Islands include Nicaragua Betrayed by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox and a 1965 edition of I Saw Poland Betrayed by Arthur Bliss Lane.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJohn Birch Society\nJohn H. Rees\nThe New American\nOne Dozen CWestern Islands is the publishing arm of the John Birch Society; it is located in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA, where the society has its headquarters.WWestern Islands is the publishing arm of the John Birch Society; it is located in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA, where the society has its headquarters. Wisconsin, where the JBS has its current headquarters. Alongside the American Opinion Bookstores and Speakers' Bureau, Western Islands was one of the primary organs by which the John Birch Society distributed its published materials across the continent.\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "John C. Petersen",
"paragraph_text": "etersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute andJohn C. Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County. He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a \"Greenback Democrat\" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat).",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Where is the administrative center of the county that borders the one in which the Western Islands' main office is located? | [
{
"id": 814776,
"question": "Western Islands >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Appleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 765799,
"question": "#1 >> capital of",
"answer": "Outagamie County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 282674,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Brown County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 759393,
"question": "#3 >> capital",
"answer": "Green Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | Green Bay | [] | true | What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county where Western Islands is headquartered? |
3hop2__782397_223623_162182 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Phú Lương (mountain)",
"paragraph_text": "aggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhuPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam.PPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of above sea level. With a topographic prominence of it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Sơn La Province of Vietnam. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Phu Luong, Vietnam\" on PeakbaggerPhu Luong is a mountain in Vietnam. It has an elevation of 2,985 metres (9,793 ft) above sea level. With a topographic prominence of 1,930 metres (6,332 ft) it is the fourth most prominent peak in Indochina (comprising Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia). Phu Luong is located within the Yên Bái province of Vietnam.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Southeast Asian mountains\nList of Ultras of Southeast Asia\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n==",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "John Phan",
"paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker braceletBon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình ThuậnSouth Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable around Phan Thiết, Nha Trang, and Da Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which area of Phu Luong's nation is home to the birthplace of John Phan? | [
{
"id": 782397,
"question": "Phu Luong >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 223623,
"question": "John Phan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | South Central Coast | [] | true | In what region of Phu Luong's country is John Phan's birthplace located? |
3hop1__497845_629431_124169 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II",
"paragraph_text": "ope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII wasPope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Princeps pastorum",
"paragraph_text": "Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase \"On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep\". It refers to Jesus Christ.It celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-CatholicPrinceps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase \"On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Governor of Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held byThe post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February The post of Governor of Vatican City (Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano in Italian) was held by Marchese Camillo Serafini from the foundation of the state in 1929 until his death in 1952. No successor was appointed, and the post itself was not mentioned in the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State issued by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, which entered into force on 22 February 2001.1.\nEven during Serafini's lifetime, the powers of the governor were limited by Pope Pius XII in 1939 by the establishment of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State—consisting of a number of cardinals, originally three, but later increased to seven. The president of the pontifical commission has exercised the functions that were previously attributed to the governor since 1952, and has also held the title of President of the Governorate of the Vatican City State since 2001.\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancesco Clementi: La nuova \"Costituzione\" dello Stato della Città del Vaticano\nLuca Martini: Le caratteristiche peculiari dello Stato della Città del Vaticano: istituzioni e nuova costituzione\nSullo Stato della Città del Vaticano, v. F. Clementi, Città del Vaticano, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2009The post of Governor of the Vatican City State (Italian: Governatore dello Stato della Città del Vaticano)",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the tenure of the Governor of the location where the author of Princeps Pastorum passed away conclude? | [
{
"id": 497845,
"question": "Princeps Pastorum >> author",
"answer": "John XXIII",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 629431,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 124169,
"question": "On what date did Governor of #2 end?",
"answer": "1952",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] | 1952 | [] | true | On what date did the Governor of the place of death of Princeps Pastorum's author end? |
2hop__89991_58067 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Orders, decorations, and medals of India",
"paragraph_text": "The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion. of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race,The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_text": "7 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.comA.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.com Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father JainulA.P.J. Abdul Kalam 11th President of India In office 25 July 2002 -- 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh Vice President Krishan Kant Bhairon Singh Shekhawat Preceded by K.R. Narayanan Succeeded by Pratibha Patil Personal details Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931 - 10 - 15) 15 October 1931 Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India 27 July 2015 (2015 - 07 - 27) (aged 83) Shillong, Meghalaya, India Nationality Indian Alma mater St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli Madras Institute of Technology Profession Aerospace scientist Professor Author Awards Bharat Ratna (1997) Hoover Medal (2009) NSS Von Braun Award (2013) Notable work (s) Wings of Fire Signature Website abdulkalam.comAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( ; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.\nKalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the \"People's President\", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.\nWhile delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAvul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu. His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi. \nKalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders and local women. The family business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost by the 1920s, apart from the ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a young boy he had to sell newspapers to add to the family's meager income. \nIn his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially Mathematics. After completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954.\nKalam moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology. While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, \"I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline.\" He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.\n\n\n== Career as a scientist ==\n\nAfter graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO. Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. S. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS). In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965. In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers.\nIn 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility. Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.\nKalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Before they assumed the presidency, who was the recipient of India's most prestigious award? | [
{
"id": 89991,
"question": "which one is the highest award in india",
"answer": "Bharat Ratna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 58067,
"question": "who was honoured with #1 before he became president of india",
"answer": "A.P.J. Abdul Kalam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] | A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | [
"A. P. J. Abdul Kalam",
"Abdul Kalam",
"Kalam",
"Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam"
] | true | Who was honored with the highest award in India before becoming president? |
2hop__780652_93362 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Anil Devgan",
"paragraph_text": "), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnirudh Devgan\nAjay Devgn (born Ajay Devgan, 1969), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnirudh Devgan\nAjay Devgn (born Ajay Devgan, 1969), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnil Devgan is the son of Veeru Devgan, brother of actor Ajay Devgan, and brother-in-law of actress Kajol. Anil Devgan has also tried his hand with directing, and has directed his brother in two of his films: Raju Chacha and Blackmail (2005 film).Devgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnirudh Devgan\nAjay Devgn (born Ajay Devgan, 1969), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, sonAnil Devgan is the son of Veeru Devgan, brother of actor Ajay Devgan, and brother-in-law of actress Kajol. Anil Devgan has also tried his hand with directing, and has directed his brother in two of his films: Raju Chacha and Blackmail (2005 film).), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnirudh Devgan\nAjay Devgn (born Ajay Devgan, 1969), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnirudh Devgan\nAjay Devgn (born Ajay Devgan, 1969), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAnirudh Devgan\nAjay Devgn (born Ajay Devgan, 1969), Indian actor\nAmish Devgan (born 1980), Indian news anchor\nAnil Devgan (1969–2020), Indian director and screenwriter, son of Veeru\nVeeru Devgan (1934–2019), Indian stunt directorDevgan is a surname native to India.\nNotable people with the surname include:\n\nAn",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke",
"paragraph_text": " Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language HindiYeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke (English: These Are The Paths of Love) is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film. It is a love triangle, directed by Deepak Shivdasani. It stars Ajay Devgn, Preity Zinta and Madhuri Dixit in the lead roles, along with Sunny Deol making an extended special appearance.\nYeh Raaste Hai Pyaar Ke released on 10 August 2001, directly clashing with Farhan Akhtar's directorial debut Dil Chahta Hai also starring Zinta as well as Aamir Khan. The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and performed decently at the box office.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTwo con artists and car thieves, Vicky (Ajay Devgn) and Sakshi (Preity Zinta), are faced with death when they accidentally kill Bhanwarlal's (Deep Dhillon) brother. Bhanwarlal and his other brother swear to avenge the death of their brother and mistakenly kill Rohit Verma (Ajay Devgn), who is a lookalike of Vicky.\nThe mistaken identity causes Sakshi to think that Vicky is dead, and she is devastated. Meanwhile, unknown to Sakshi and BhanYeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language Hindi. The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and performed decently at the box office.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTwo con artists and car thieves, Vicky (Ajay Devgn) and Sakshi (Preity Zinta), are faced with death when they accidentally kill Bhanwarlal's (Deep Dhillon) brother. BhanwarlalYeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language HindiYeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke (English: These Are The Paths of Love) is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film. It is a love triangle, directed by Deepak Shivdasani. It stars Ajay Devgn, Preity Zinta and Madhuri Dixit in the lead roles, along with Sunny Deol making an extended special appearance.\nYeh Raaste Hai Pyaar Ke released on 10 August 2001, directly clashing with Farhan Akhtar's directorial debut Dil Chahta Hai also starring Zinta as well as Aamir Khan. The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and performed decently at the box office.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTwo con artists and car thieves, Vicky (Ajay Devgn) and Sakshi (Preity Zinta), are faced with death when they accidentally kill Bhanwarlal's (Deep Dhillon) brother. Bhanwarlal and his other brother swear to avenge the death of their brother and mistakenly kill Rohit Verma (Ajay Devgn), who is a lookalike of Vicky.\nThe mistaken identity causes Sakshi to think that Vicky is dead, and she is devastated. Meanwhile, unknown to Sakshi and Bhanwarlal, Vicky is alive and reaches Manali, where he is constantly confused for Rohit. On discovering Rohit's wealth, Vicky realizes that he has hit the jackpot and decides to play along. Soon Rohit's father, Pratap Verma (Vikram Gokhale), arrives home to find Vicky in his bed.\nVicky tries to trick Pratap Verma, but he already knows that Rohit is dead. He convinces Vicky to pose as Rohit for the sake of his daughter-in-law, Neha (Madhuri Dixit), who is in denial/shock to the fact that her husband died on the same day that they got married. He agrees to do the job for money. However, halfway through the job, he decides to grab the money and returns to Sakshi. They are about to forget all about Rohit and start a life of their own when Vicky discovers that he is responsible for Rohit's death since Bhanwarlal meant to kill him and not Rohit. He realizes the debt he owes to Rohit and decides to return, leaving Sakshi once again.\nMeanwhile, Sakshi's uncle and aunt try to have her marry Bhanwarlal's youngest brother. She runs away to Manali to be with Vicky. Vicky, at this point, can't tell Neha the truth and so tells Sakshi that he can't be with her. Soon, with the arrival of Bhanwarlal and Sakshi's",
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] | Which movie showcases the brother of Anil Devgan? | [
{
"id": 780652,
"question": "Anil Devgan >> sibling",
"answer": "Ajay Devgan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 93362,
"question": "#1 preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie",
"answer": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke | [] | true | What film features Anil Devgan's sibling? |
3hop2__92991_87184_76291 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control ofThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarilyThe Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as \"the senior senator from Virginia\" or \"the junior senator from California\".\nThere are very few restrictions on the content of speeches, and there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate.\nThe Senate Rules provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day (a legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and ends when it adjourns; hence, it does not necessarily coincide with the calendar day). The length of these speeches is not limited by the rules; thus, in most cases, senators may speak for as long as they please. Often, the Senate adopts unanimous consent agreements imposing time limits. In other cases (for example, for the budget process), limits are imposed by statute. In general, however, the right to unlimited debate is preserved.\n\n\n==== Filibuster ====\n\nThe filibuster is an obstructionary tactic used to defeat bills and motions by prolonging debate indefinitely. A filibuster may entail, but does not actually require, long speeches, dilatory motions,",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "114th United States Congress",
"paragraph_text": " its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally, the Republican's freshmen liaison was Mimi Walters of California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 114th Congress by seniority\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The 114th United States Congress began on January 3, 2015. There were 13 new senators (one Democrat, 12 Republicans) and 59 new representatives (15 Democrats, 44 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (one Democrat, one Republican), at the start of its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally, the Republican's freshmen liaison was Mimi Walters of California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n==The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931.The 114th United States Congress began on January 3, 2015. There were 13 new senators (one Democrat, 12 Republicans) and 59 new representatives (15 Democrats, 44 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (one Democrat, one Republican), at the start of its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally, the Republican's freshmen liaison was Mimi Walters of California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931. California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 114th Congress by seniority\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The ",
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] | When did the dominant party in the House of Representatives assume authority over the rule-making process in the US House and Senate? | [
{
"id": 92991,
"question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate",
"answer": "The Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 87184,
"question": "who controls the house of representatives right now",
"answer": "the Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #2 take control of the #1",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] | January 2015 | [] | true | When did the majority party in the House of Representatives take control of the determiner of rules of the US House and US Senate? |
4hop2__103790_14670_8987_8974 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ivo Werner",
"paragraph_text": " as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Schapers in the opening round of the main draw. He won the first two sets and twice served for the match in the third, but the match would go into a fifth set, which he lost 10–12. In the doubles, Werner and David Lewis reached the round of 16, where they were defeated by Andrew Castle and Roberto Saad. The match was another close one, decided 16–14 in the final set.\n\n\n== Coaching ==\nWerner is the current coach of the Switzerland Davis Cup team and was the coach of Petr Korda when the Czech player won the 1998 Australian Open.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIvo Werner at the Association of Tennis Professionals \nIvo Werner at the International Tennis FederationIvo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and acquired citizenship two years later.\n\n\n== Tour career ==\nWerner made his first Grand Prix quarter-final in 1986, at Metz. He was a quarter-finalist again the following year, at the Guarujá Open. Also in 1987, he reached the doubles semi-finals of the Heineken Open, with David Lewis as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Schapers in the opening round of the main draw. He won the first two sets and twice served for the match in the third, but the match would go into a fifth set, which he lost 10–12. In the doubles, Werner and David Lewis reached the round of 16, where they were defeated by Andrew Castle and Roberto Saad. The match was another close one, decided 16–14 in the final set.\n\n\n== Coaching ==\nWerner is the current coach of the Switzerland Davis Cup team and was the coach of Petr Korda when the Czech player won the 1998 Australian Open.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIvo Werner at the Association of Tennis Professionals \nIvo Werner at the International Tennis FederationIvo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and acquired citizenship two years later.\n\n\n== Tour career ==\nWerner made his first Grand Prix quarter-final in 1986, at Metz. He was a quarter-finalist again the following year, at the Guarujá Open. Also in 1987, he reached the doubles semi-finals of the Heineken Open, with David Lewis as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Schapers in the opening round of the main draw. He won the first two sets and twice served for the match in the third, but the match would go into a fifth set, which he lost 10–12. In the doubles, Werner and David Lewis reached the round of 16, where they were defeated by Andrew Castle and Roberto Saad. The match was another close one, decided 16–14 in the final set.\n\n\n== Coaching ==\nWerner is the current coach of the Switzerland Davis Cup team and was the coach of Petr Korda when the Czech player won the 1998 Australian Open.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIvo Werner at the Association of Tennis Professionals \nIvo Werner at the International Tennis FederationIvo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and acquired citizenship two years later.\n\n\n== Tour career ==\nWerner made his first Grand Prix quarter-final in 1986, at Metz. He was a quarter-finalist again the following year, at the Guarujá Open. Also in 1987, he reached the doubles semi-finals of the Heineken Open, with David Lewis as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Schapers in the opening round of the main draw. He won the first two sets and twiceIvo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later.IIvo Werner (born 19 August 1960) is a former professional tennis player originally from Czechoslovakia who competed for both his native country as well as West Germany. Werner, who is now a tennis coach, immigrated to West Germany in 1982 and got citizenship two years later.== Tour career ==\nWerner made his first Grand Prix quarter-final in 1986, at Metz. He was a quarter-finalist again the following year, at the Guarujá Open. Also in 1987, he reached the doubles semi-finals of the Heineken Open, with David Lewis as his partner.\nAt the 1988 Australian Open, Werner made it through qualifying and met world number 62 Michiel Sch",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": " United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed on 14 June 1775Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World WarBecause of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brô��z] ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politicianIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which is the only communist nation to have an embassy, a place from which Ivo Werner, who hails from a country (Country A) that launched an invasion against it (Country B) due to its ill-prepared defense artillery military sector? | [
{
"id": 103790,
"question": "Where was Ivo Werner from?",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 8974,
"question": "#3 was the only communist country to have an embassy where?",
"answer": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay | [
"Alfredo Stroessner"
] | true | Ivo Werner is from Country A that invaded Country B because their military branch that Air Defense Artillery is part of was unprepared. Country B was the only communist country to have an embassy where? |
2hop__498061_88622 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Director of the National Security Agency",
"paragraph_text": " 201 of the United States Code, the director of the NSA is recommended by the secretary of defense and nominated for appointment by the president. The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5100.20, dated 23 December 1971, the director of the NSA must always be a commissioned officer of the military services. As the assignment is currently part of a tri-hatted position, the director of the NSA is appointed to the grade of a four-star general or admiral during the period of his incumbency. The director's deputy is always a technically experienced civilian.\n\n\n== AFSA directors ==\nThe Armed Forces Security Agency was the predecessor to the National Security Agency and existed from 1949 to 1952.\n\n\n== NSA directors ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nList of former NSA directorsThe Director of the National Security Agency (DIRNSA) is the highest-ranking official of the National Security Agency, which is a defense agency within the U.S. Department of Defense. The director of the NSA also concurrently serves as the chief of the Central Security Service (CHCSS) and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). As the director of the NSA and the chief of the CSC, the officeholder reports to the under secretary of defense for intelligence, and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command, the officeholder reports directly to the secretary of defense.\nAccording to 10 U.S.C. § 201 of the United States Code, the director of the NSA is recommended by the secretary of defense and nominated for appointment by the president. The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5100.20, dated 23 December 1971, the director of the NSA must always be a commissioned officer of the military services. As the assignment is currently part of a tri-hatted position, the director of the NSA is appointed to the grade of a four-star general or admiral during the period of his incumbency. The director's deputy is always a technically experienced civilian.\n\n\n== AFSA directors ==\nThe Armed Forces Security Agency was the predecessor to the National Security Agency and existed from 1949 to 1952.\n\n\n== NSA directors ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nList of former NSA directorsThe Director of the National Security Agency (DIRNSA) is the highest-ranking official of the National Security Agency, which is a defense agency within the U.S. Department of Defense. The director of the NSA also concurrently serves as the chief of the Central Security Service (CHCSS) and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). As the director of the NSA and# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). As the director of the NSA and the chief of the CSC, the officeholder reports to the under secretary of defense for intelligence, and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command, the officeholder reports directly to the secretary of defense.\nAccording to 10 U.S.C. § 201 of the United States Code, the director of the NSA is recommended by the secretary of defense and nominated for appointment by the president. The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5100.20, dated 23 December 1971, the director of the NSA must always be a commissioned officer of the military services. As the assignment is currently part of a tri-hatted",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "ThinThread",
"paragraph_text": " Ed Loomis, and Thomas A. Drake, along with House Intelligence Committee staffer Diane Roark (an expert on the NSA budget)—believed the operational prototype system called ThinThread was a better solution than Trailblazer, which was just a concept on paper at the time.ThinThread is the name of a project that the United States National Security Agency (NSA) pursued during the 1990s, according to a May 17, 2006 article in \"The Baltimore Sun\". The program involved wiretapping and sophisticated analysis of the resulting data, but according to the article, the program was discontinued three weeks before the September 11, 2001 attacks due to the changes in priorities and the consolidation of U.S. intelligence authority.ThThinThread is the name of a project that the United States National Security Agency (NSA) pursued during the 1990s, according to a May 17, 2006 article in \"The Baltimore Sun\". The program involved wiretapping and sophisticated analysis of the resulting data, but according to the article, the program was discontinued three weeks before the September 11, 2001 attacks due to the changes in priorities and the consolidation of U.S. intelligence authority. a concept called Trailblazer, despite the fact that ThinThread was a working prototype that claimed to protect the privacy of U.S. citizens. ThinThread was dismissed and replaced by the Trailblazer Project, which lacked the privacy protections. A consortium led by Science Applications International Corporation was awarded a $280 million contract to develop Trailblazer in 2002.\n\n\n== Whistleblowing ==\n\nA group of former NSA workers—Kirk Wiebe, William Binney, Ed Loomis, and Thomas A. Drake, along with House Intelligence Committee staffer Diane Roark (an expert on the NSA budget)—believed the operational prototype system called ThinThread was a better solution than Trailblazer, which was just a concept on paper at the time.ThinThread is the name of a project that the United States National Security Agency (NSA) pursued during the 1990s, according to a May 17, 2006 article in \"The Baltimore Sun\". The program involved wiretapping and sophisticated analysis of the resulting data, but according to the article, the program was discontinued three weeks before the September 11, 2001 attacks due to the changes in priorities and the consolidation of U.S. intelligence authority.ThinThread was an intelligence gathering project by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) conducted throughout the 1990s. The program involved wiretapping and sophisticated analysis of the resulting data. The program was discontinued three weeks before the September 11, 2001 attacks due to the changes in priorities and the consolidation of U.S. intelligence authority.\nThe \"change in priority\" consisted of the decision made by the director of NSA General Michael V. Hayden to go with a concept called Trailblazer, despite the fact that ThinThread was a working prototype that claimed to protect the privacy of U.S. citizens. ThinThread was dismissed and replaced by the Trailblazer Project, which lacked the privacy protections. A consortium led by Science Applications International Corporation was awarded a $280 million contract to develop Trailblazer in 2002.\n\n\n== Whistleblowing ==\n\nA group of former NSA workers—Kirk Wiebe, William Binney, Ed Loomis, and Thomas A. Drake, along with House Intelligence Committee staffer Diane Roark (an expert on the NSA budget)—believed the operational prototype system called ThinThread was a better solution than Trailblazer, which was just a concept on paper at the time. They complained to the DoD Inspector General office in 2002 about mismanagement and the waste of taxpayer money at the NSA surrounding the Trailblazer program. In 2007 the FBI raided the homes of these people, an evolution of President Bush's crackdown on whistleblowers and \"leaks\" after the New York Times disclosed a separate program (see NSA warrantless surveillance controversy). In 2010, one of the people who had helped the IG in the ensuing investigation, NSA official Thomas Andrews Drake, was charged with espionage, part of the Obama administration's crackdown on whistleblowers and \"leaks\". The original charges against him were later dropped and he pleaded to a misdemeanor.\nThe result of the DoD IG complaint was a 2004 audit report that was released under FOIA in 2011. Although highly redacted, the report contained significant criticisms of Trailblazer, and included some relatively minor criticisms of ThinThread, for example, citing a low \"quality of service and support\" from the ThinThread program team, a lack of documentation, a lack of a configuration management system, and a lack of a trouble ticket system. However, \"The findings that led to the",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is leading the owner of ThinThread? | [
{
"id": 498061,
"question": "ThinThread >> owned by",
"answer": "National Security Agency",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 88622,
"question": "who is the head of #1",
"answer": "ADM Michael S. Rogers",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] | ADM Michael S. Rogers | [
"Michael S. Rogers"
] | true | Who's the head of the owner of ThinThread? |
4hop1__752321_153080_33897_81096 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden, struggling with a broken front wing, lost his fourth position to a hard-charging Hildebrand. At roughly lap 120, the second cycle of pit stops came, during which Alexander Rossi made contact with the wall and was forced to retire from the race, though there was no caution for this incident. Shortly after, however, Rossi's teammate Takuma Sato made contact with the turn four wall and came to a stop on the frontstretch, bringing out the caution. Due to where the pit stop cycle was at the time, Pagenaud now held a sizable advantage on the field, allowing him to pit under yellow without losing any track position.\nThe restart came on lap 149, where Pagenaud was able to pull out a healthy lead due to several lapped cars being between him and Power. Further back, Newgarden was able to march back up into the top five quickly after finally being afforded the chance to change his front wing. Little change in the order occurred as the field cycled through their final pit cycle from about lap 190 through lap 210. Pagenaud's lead now stood at over 5.5 seconds on lap 215.\nShortly after pit stops, Newgarden's day went awry once again, as he and Ryan Hunter-Reay made contact, breaking Newgarden's front wing again and breaking Hunter-Reay's suspension, taking him out of the race. For the second time in three races, all Andretti Autosport cars were out of the race. Newgarden changed front wings again, dropping him to 10th. The biggest beneficiary of the incident, however, was Hildebrand, who was able to pass both Newgarden and Castroneves, who had slowed up to avoid the incident, boosting him to third place.\nUp front, it was smooth sailing for Pagenaud, who came across the finish line over nine seconds ahead of his teammate Power. Hildebrand came across the line third, securing his first podium finish in six years. Castroneves finished fourth while Scott Dixon, who ran an quiet race, finished fifth, the first car one lap down. For Pagenaud, the victory was his 10thAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).The 2017 Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 2017 IndyCar Series season and the first oval race of the season. It took place on April 29, 2017 at PhoenixAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably firstTucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979)Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pithecanthropus Erectus (album)",
"paragraph_text": "ithecanthropus Erectus is a studio album by jazz composer and bassist Charles Mingus. It was released in August 1956 through Atlantic Records. Mingus noted that this was the first album where he taught arrangements to his musicians by ear instead of putting the chords and arrangements in writing.\n\n\n== Music ==\nAccording toPithecanthropus Erectus is a 1956 album by jazz composer and bassist Charles Mingus. Mingus noted that this was the first album where he taught arrangements to his musicians by ear in lieu of putting the chords and arrangements in writing.Pithecanthropus Erectus is a 1956 album by jazz composer and bassist Charles Mingus. Mingus noted that this was the first album where he taught arrangements to his musicians by ear in lieu of putting the chords and arrangements in writing.Pithecanthropus Erectus is a studio album by jazz composer and bassist Charles Mingus. It was released in August 1956 through Atlantic Records. Mingus noted that this was the first album where he taught arrangements to his musicians by ear instead of putting the chords and arrangements in writing.\n\n\n== Music ==\nAccording to Mingus' liner notes, the title song is a ten-minute tone poem, depicting the rise of man from his hominid roots (Pithecanthropus erectus) to an eventual downfall due to \"his own failure to realize the inevitable emancipation of those he sought to enslave, and his greed in attempting to stand on a false security.\" The song's title refers to the Java Man fossil, which at the time of its discovery was the oldest human fossil ever found.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nThe Penguin Guide to Jazz gave it a maximum four-star rating and included it in its “core collection” of essential recordings, describing it as \"One of the truly great modern jazz albums\". In the same review, \"the all-in ensemble work\" in parts of the first track, \"Pithecanthropus Erectus\", is described as being \"absolutely crucial to the development of free collective improvisation in the following decade\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll tracks composed by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Pithecanthropus Erectus\" – 10:36\n\"A Foggy Day\" –",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which individual emerged as the victor in the Indy car competition located in the most densely populated city of the state that is the home of the performer known for Pithecanthropus Erectus? | [
{
"id": 752321,
"question": "Pithecanthropus Erectus >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 33897,
"question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Mario Andretti | [] | true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest populated city in the state where the Pithecanthropus Erectus performer is from? |
3hop1__707569_228453_10972 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Fireball Cinnamon Whisky",
"paragraph_text": "Fireball Cinnamon Whisky is a mixture of whisky, cinnamon flavoring and sweeteners that is produced by the Sazerac Company. As of 2018, Fireball is among the top selling whisky brands in the United States. Its foundation is Canadian whisky, and the taste otherwise resembles the candy with a similar name, Ferrara Candy Company's \"Atomic Fireball\" candy. It is bottled at 33% alcohol by volume (66 U.S. proof).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sazerac",
"paragraph_text": "The Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of\ncognac or rye whiskey, absinthe, Peychaud's Bitters, and sugar, although bourbon whiskey is sometimes substituted for the rye and Herbsaint is sometimes substituted for the absinthe. Some claim it is the oldest known American cocktail, with origins in antebellum New Orleans, although drink historian David Wondrich is among those who dispute this, and American instances of published usage of the word cocktail to describe a mixture of spirits, bitters, and sugar can be traced to the dawn of the 19th century.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nThe defining feature of the Sazerac is its method of preparation, which commonly involves two chilled old-fashioned glasses. The first glass is swirled with a wash of absinthe for its flavor and strong scent. The second glass is used to combine the remaining ingredients, which are stirred with ice, then strained into the first glass. Various anisettes such as pastis, Pernod, or Herbsaint are common substitutes when absinthe is unavailable. In New Orleans, Herbsaint is most commonly used due to the absence of absinthe in the U.S. market from 1912 until 2007.\n\n\n== History ==\nAround 1850, Sewell T. Taylor sold his New Orleans bar, the Merchants Exchange Coffee House, to become an importer of spirits, and he began to import a brand of cognac named Sazerac-de-Forge et Fils. Meanwhile, Aaron Bird assumed proprietorship of the Merchants Exchange and changed its name to Sazerac Coffee House. On October 2, 2019, the Sazerac House opened to the public as a museum and immersive experience that shares the history of the New Orleans cocktail culture, including the Sazerac.\nLegend has it that Bird began serving the \"Sazerac Cocktail\", made with Sazerac cognac imported by Taylor, and allegedly with bitters being made by the local apothecary, Antoine Amedie Peychaud. The Sazerac Coffee House subsequently changed hands several times, until around 1870 Thomas Handy became its proprietor. It is around this time that the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": " It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black ****\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, an African American. The ASA Style Guide says that the 'b' should not be capitalized. Some perceive the term 'black' as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result neither use nor define it, especially in African countries with little to no history of colonial racial segregation.\n\n\n== Africa ==\n\n\n=== Northern Africa ===\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others descend from migrants via the historical trans-Saharan trade or, after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, from slaves from the trans-Saharan slave trade in North Africa.\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Warrior King\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.BlackThough Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005., regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"Black race\" as socially constructed. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified \"black\", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. In the United Kingdom, \"black\" was historically equivalent with \"person of color\", a general term for non-European peoples. While the term \"person of color\" is commonly used and accepted in the United States, the near-sounding term \"colored person\" is considered highly offensive, except in South Africa, where it is a descriptor for a person of mixed race. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the adjective \"black\" to the indigenous population. It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black ****\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, an African American. The ASA Style Guide says that the 'b' should not be capitalized. Some perceive the term 'black' as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result neither use nor define it, especially in African countries with little to no history of colonial racial segregation.\n\n\n== Africa ==\n\n\n=== Northern Africa ===\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others descend from migrants via the historical trans-Saharan trade or, after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, from slaves from the trans-Saharan slave trade in North Africa.\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Warrior King\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When was the first African American mayor elected in the city where the makers of Fireball Cinnamon Whiskey have their headquarters? | [
{
"id": 707569,
"question": "Fireball Cinnamon Whisky >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Sazerac Company",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 228453,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 10972,
"question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?",
"answer": "1970s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | 1970s | [] | true | When did the headquarters city of the Fireball Cinnamon Whiskey manufacturer elect its first black mayor? |
2hop__85958_87295 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)",
"paragraph_text": " September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film wasThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman. tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.\nFeeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's agent pursued producer Debra Martin Chase about adapting The Princess Diaries into a feature-length film, an idea she pitched to Disney upon reading the book. After obtaining the film rights, Disney originally greenlit the project under the title The Princess of Tribeca, reverting it once its setting was changed from New York to San Francisco, where the majority of the film was shot between September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied industry expectations as pundits had expected the film to underperform due to its G rating and subject matter. The film's success is credited with establishing Hathaway as a bankable actress and reviving Andrews's film career. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, was released in 2004, and a third installment has been in development since 2022.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nMia Thermopolis is a studentThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman.The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American coming-of-age comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Garry Marshall, and written by Gina Wendkos. Based on Meg Cabot's 2000 young adult novel of the same name, it stars Anne Hathaway and Julie Andrews, with a supporting cast consisting of Héctor Elizondo, Heather Matarazzo, Mandy Moore, Caroline Goodall, and Robert Schwartzman. The plot follows Mia Thermopolis (Hathaway), an American teenager who discovers she is heir to throne of a European kingdom. Under the tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.\nFeeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's agent pursued producer Debra Martin Chase about adapting The Princess Diaries into a feature-length film, an idea she pitched to Disney upon reading the book. After obtaining the film rights, Disney originally greenlit the project under the title The Princess of Tribeca, reverting it once its setting was changed from New York to San Francisco, where the majority of the film was shot between September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, gross",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "My Fair Lady",
"paragraph_text": " the 1964 film version won the Academy Award for Best Picture.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\n\n=== Act I ===\nIn Edwardian London, Eliza Doolittle is a flower girl with a thick Cockney accent. The noted phonetician Professor Henry Higgins encounters Eliza at Covent Garden and laments the vulgarity of her dialect (\"Why Can't the English?\"). Higgins also meets Colonel Pickering, another linguist, and invites him to stay as his houseguest. Eliza and her friends wonder what it would be like to live a comfortable life (\"Wouldn't It Be Loverly?\").\nEliza's dustman father, Alfred P. Doolittle, stops by the next morning searching for money for a drink (\"With a Little Bit of Luck\"). Soon after, Eliza comes to Higgins's house, seeking elocution lessons so that she can get a job as an assistant in a florist's shop. Higgins wagers Pickering that, within six months, by teaching Eliza to speak properly, he will enable her to pass for a proper lady.\nEliza becomes part of Higgins's household. Though Higgins sees himself as a kindhearted man who merely cannot get along with women (\"I'm an Ordinary Man\"), to others he appears self-absorbed and misogynistic. Eliza endures Higgins's tyrannical speech tutoring. Frustrated, she dreams of different ways to kill him (\"Just You Wait\"). Higgins's servants lament the stressful atmosphere (\"The Servants' Chorus\").\nJust as Higgins is about to give up on her, Eliza suddenly recites one of her diction exercises in perfect upper-class style (\"The Rain in Spain\"). Though Mrs Pearce, the housekeeper, insists that Eliza go to bed, she declares she is too excited to sleep (\"I Could Have Danced All Night\").\nFor her first public tryout, Higgins takes Eliza to his mother's box at Ascot Racecourse (\"Ascot Gavotte\"). Though Eliza shocks everyone when she forgets herself while watching a race and reverts to foul language, she does capture the heart of Freddy Eynsford-Hill. Freddy calls on Eliza that evening, and he declares that he will wait for her in the street outside Higgins' house (\"On the Street Where You Live\").\nEliza's final test requires her to pass as a lady at the Embassy Ball. After more weeks of preparation, she is ready. (\"Eliza's Entrance\"). All the ladies and gentlemen at the ball admire her, and the Queen of Transylvania invites her to dance with the prince (\"Embassy Waltz\"). A Hungarian phonetician, Zoltan Karpathy, attempts to discover Eliza's origins. Higgins allows Karpathy to dance with Eliza.\n\n\n=== Act II ===\nThe ball is a success; Karpathy has declared Eliza to be a Hungarian princess. Pickering and Higgins revel in their triumph (\"You Did It\"), failing to pay attention to Eliza. Eliza is insulted at receiving no credit for her success, packing up and leaving the Higgins house. As she leaves she finds Freddy, who begins to tell her how much he loves her, but she tells him that she has heard enough words; if he really loves her, he should show it (\"Show Me\").\nEliza and Freddy return to Covent Garden but she finds she no longer feels at home there. Her father is there as well, and he tells her that he has received a surprise bequest from an American millionaire, which has raised him to middle-class respectability, and now must marry his lover. Doolittle and his friends have one last spree before the wedding (\"Get Me to the Church on Time\").\nHiggins awakens the next morning. He finds himself out of sorts without Eliza. He wonders why she left after the triumph at the ball and concludes that men (especially himself) are far superior to women (\"A Hymn toMy Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phoneticist, so that she may pass as a lady. The original Broadway, London and starred Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews.My Fair Lady is a musical based on George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion, with book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story concerns Eliza Doolittle, a Cockney flower girl who takes speech lessons from professor Henry Higgins, a phoneticist, so that she may pass as a lady. The original Broadway, London and starred Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which character was portrayed by the actress who also played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady in the film The Princess Diaries? | [
{
"id": 85958,
"question": "who played eliza doolittle in my fair lady",
"answer": "Julie Andrews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 87295,
"question": "who does #1 play in princess diaries",
"answer": "Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi | [] | true | What character does the person who played Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady play in The Princess Diaries? |
3hop1__801799_547811_41132 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Black Death",
"paragraph_text": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway'sIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "La fida ninfa",
"paragraph_text": "ei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (\"Soul oppressed by cruel fate\").La fida ninfa (\"The Faithful Nymph\") is an opera by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Scipione Maffei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (\"Soul oppressed by cruel fate\"). by cruel fate).\n\n\n== Recording ==\nLa fida ninfa – Sandrine Piau, Verónica Cangemi, Marie-Nicole Lemieux, Lorenzo Regazzo, Philippe Jaroussky, Sara Mingardo, Ensemble Matheus, JeanLa fida ninfa (\"The Faithful Nymph\") is an opera by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Scipione Maffei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (\"Soul oppressed by cruel fate\").La fida ninfa (The Faithful Nymph, RV 714) is an opera by Antonio Vivaldi to a libretto by Scipione Maffei. The opera was first performed for the opening of the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona on 6 January 1732. Among the arias is \"Alma oppressa de sorte crudele\" (Soul oppressed by cruel fate).\n\n\n== Recording ==\nLa fida ninfa – Sandrine Piau, Verónica Cangemi, Marie-Nicole Lemieux, Lorenzo Regazzo, Philippe Jaroussky, Sara Mingardo, Ensemble Matheus, Jean-Christophe Spinosi; Naïve Records, 3CDs; recorded Cathédrale Notre-Dame-du-Liban de Paris April/May 2008\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of operas by Antonio Vivaldi\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nIl teatro di Scipione Maffei (La Merope, Le cerimonie, Il raguet, e La fida ninfa). Edited by Teresa Copelli, Luigi Battei",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)",
"paragraph_text": " of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera assigns the title role to a bass. The third act is missing and the rest of the score (evidently used in performances by the composer) is incomplete. Two arias are lost, seven arias are incomplete (only the bass part is extant) and three arias are identical with extant arias in RV 727 and RV 729.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe French label Naïve, which had already recorded the more famous Orlando furioso and Orlando finto pazzo for its Vivaldi Edition, released a recording of the July 20, 2012 première at the Festival de Beaune, with Sardelli conducting Modo Antiquo and singers including Riccardo Novaro as Orlando, Gaëlle Arquez as Angelica, Romina Basso as Alcina and Teodora Gheorghiu as Bradamante. Given the heavily defective nature of the surviving manuscript, Sardelli had to reconstruct orOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.OrOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.\n\n\n== Authorship ==\nFederico Maria Sardelli, according to the studies of Reinhard Strohm, argues that Orlando RV 819 was entirely recomposed by Vivaldi, starting from the original Ristori's opera that Vivaldi himself had already changed during the numerous representations of the season 1713. He assigned to it the catalogue number RV 819. One suggestion is that Vivaldi avoided putting his own name on the opera having himself only recently taken direction of the Teatro San Angelo. Against this others consider that the bulk of the opera is a copy of Ristori's lost work.\n\n\n== Opera ==\nUnlike the Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727, in which the role of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera assigns the title role to a bass. The third act is missing and the rest of the score (evidently used in performances by the composer) is incomplete. Two arias are lost, seven arias are incomplete (only the bass part is extant) and three arias are identical with extant arias in RV 727 and RV 729.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe French label Naïve, which had already recorded the more famous Orlando furioso and Orlando finto pazzo for its Vivaldi Edition, released a recording of the July 20, 2012 première at the Festival de Beaune, with Sardelli conducting Modo Antiquo and singers including Riccardo Novaro as Orlando, Gaëlle Arquez as Angelica, Romina Basso as Alcina and Teodora Gheorghiu as Bradamante. Given the heavily defective nature of the surviving manuscript, Sardelli had to reconstruct orOrlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.Orlando furioso RV 819 (Italian pronunciation: [or��lando fu��rjo��zo, -so], Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an Orlando furioso written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's impresa in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.\n\n\n== Authorship ==\nFederico Maria Sardelli, according to the studies of Reinhard Strohm, argues that Orlando RV 819 was entirely recomposed by Vivaldi, starting from the original Ristori's opera that Vivaldi himself had already changed during the numerous representations of the season 1713. He assigned to it the catalogue number RV 819. One suggestion is that Vivaldi avoided putting his own name on the opera having himself only recently taken direction of the Teatro San Angelo. Against this others consider that the bulk of the opera is a copy of Ristori's lost work.\n\n\n== Opera ==\nUnlike the Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727, in which the role of Orlando is sung by a contralto, the 1714 opera",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the birthplace of La fida ninfa's composer, how many instances of the plague were recorded? | [
{
"id": 801799,
"question": "La fida ninfa >> composer",
"answer": "Antonio Vivaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 547811,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 41132,
"question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?",
"answer": "22",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] | 22 | [] | true | How many times did plague occur in the birth city of the composer of La fida ninfa? |
2hop__63002_461854 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Darlings of the Gods",
"paragraph_text": "ry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJeromeDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.DDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Scarlett O'Hara",
"paragraph_text": "1845 on her family's plantation Tara in Georgia. She was named Katie Scarlett, after her father's mother, but is always called Scarlett, except by her father, who refers to her as ``Katie Scarlett. ''She is from a Catholic family of Irish and French ancestry, and a descendant of an aristocratic Savannah family on her mother's side (the Robillards). O'Hara has black hair, green eyes, and pale skin. She is famous for her fashionably small waist. Scarlett has two younger sisters, Susan Elinor (`` Suellen'') O'Hara and Caroline Irene (``Carreen '') O'Hara, and three little brothers who died in infancy. Her baby brothers are buried in the family burying ground at Tara, and each was named Gerald O'Hara, Jr.O'Hara is the oldest living child of Gerald and Ellen O'Hara. She was born in 1844 or 1845 on her family's plantation Tara in Georgia. She was named Katie Scarlett, after her father's mother, but is always called Scarlett, except by her father, who refers to her as ``Katie Scarlett. ''She is from a Catholic family of Irish and French ancestry, and a descendant of an aristocratic Savannah family on her mother's side (the Robillards). O'Hara has black hair, green eyes, and pale skin. She is famous for her fashionably small waist. Scarlett has two younger sisters,Scarlett O'Hara Scarlett O'Hara as portrayed by Vivien Leigh in the 1939 film adaptation of Gone with the Wind First appearance Gone with the Wind Created by Margaret Mitchell Portrayed by Vivien Leigh (Gone with the Wind) Joanne Whalley (Scarlett) Information Full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Gender Female Family Gerald O'Hara (father, deceased) Ellen Robillard O'Hara (mother, deceased) Susan Elinor ``Suellen ''O'Hara Benteen (sister) Caroline Irene`` Carreen'' O'Hara (sister) Gerald O'Hara Jr. (name of 3 brothers, all deceased) Spouse (s) Charles Hamilton (1st; deceased) Frank Kennedy (2nd; deceased) Rhett Butler (3rd) Children Wade Hampton Hamilton (son with Charles) Ella Lorena Kennedy (daughter with Frank) Eugenie Victoria ``Bonnie Blue ''Butler (daughter with Rhett; deceased) Katie Colum`` Cat'' Butler (daughter with Rhett in Scarlett) Relatives Langston Butler (father - in - law named in Scarlett; deceased) Eleanor Butler (mother - in - law in sequel Scarlett) Ross Butler (brother - in - law named in Scarlett) Rosemary Butler (sister - in - law) Pauline Robillard (maternal aunt) Eulalie Robillard (maternal aunt) Philippe Robillard (cousin of her mother) James O'Hara (paternal uncle) Andrew O'Hara (paternal uncle) Pierre Robillard (maternal grandfather) Solange Prudhomme Robillard (maternal grandmother) Katie Scarlett O'Hara (paternal grandmother) Will Benteen (brother - in - law) Unnamed Benteen (niece or nephew, via Suellen and Will) Melanie Hamilton (sister - in - law) Beau Wilkes (nephew) Religion Roman Catholicism Nationality Confederate, AmericanThe young English actress Vivien Leigh, virtually unknown in America, saw that several English actors, including Ronald Colman and Leslie Howard, were in consideration for the male leads in Gone with the Wind. Her agent happened to be the London representative of the Myron Selznick talent agency, headed by David Selznick's brother, Myron. Leigh asked Myron to put her name into consideration as Scarlett on the eve",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the actress portraying Scarlett in the movie Gone With the Wind? | [
{
"id": 63002,
"question": "who plays scarlett on gone with the wind",
"answer": "Vivien Leigh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 461854,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Laurence Olivier",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Laurence Olivier | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the actress who plays Scarlett in Gone With the Wind? |
2hop__698577_851686 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Timothy Files",
"paragraph_text": ". The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.\n\n\n== References ==The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, a former Marine who fought in Vietnam and works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.\n\n\n== References ==The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, a former Marine who fought in Vietnam and works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.\n\n\n== References ==The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, a former Marine who fought in Vietnam and works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.\n\n\n== References ==The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, a former Marine who fought in Vietnam and works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.\n\n\n== References ==The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, a former Marine who fought in Vietnam and works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, andThe Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, who works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars.TheThe Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling work of fiction by Lawrence Sanders. It consists of linked stories featuring Timothy Cone, who works as a hard-boiled type investigator. He is a scruffy character, rough of mouth and demeanor but pure of heart. Cone has trouble with relationships, surviving on a rough-edged on-going affair with his supervisor, and an only slightly softer relationship with his cat Cleo. The stories in the book deal with his successful attempts to find out the truth and put villains behind bars. find out the truth and put villains behind bars.\n\n\n== References ==The Timothy Files is a 1987 best selling",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "The Anderson Tapes (novel)",
"paragraph_text": ", it was adapted into a film, directed by Sidney Lumet, with Sean Connery in the title role.TheThe Anderson Tapes is the debut crime fiction novel by Lawrence Sanders, published in 1970. The story revolves around the complicated burglary of an entire upscale New York apartment building by a gang of ex-convicts, who are unaware that the entire operation is under wiretap and camera surveillance by various agencies. The story also introduces the character of NYPD police detective Edward X. Delaney who became Sander's enduring protagonist in his \"Deadly Sin\" series of novels. The book earned Sanders the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for best first mystery novel. The same year, it was adapted into a film, directed by Sidney Lumet, with Sean Connery in the title role. relationship with his old girlfriend, Ingrid Everleigh (Dyan Cannon). While Anderson was away in prison, InThe Anderson Tapes is the debut crime fiction novel by Lawrence Sanders, published in 1970. The story revolves around the complicated burglary of an entire upscale New York apartment building by a gang of ex-convicts, who are unaware that the entire operation is under wiretap and camera surveillance by various agencies. The story also introduces the character of NYPD police detective Edward X. Delaney who became Sander's enduring protagonist in his \"Deadly Sin\" series of novels. The book earned Sanders the Mystery Writers of America Edgar Award for best first mystery novel. The same year, it was adapted into a film, directed by Sidney Lumet, with Sean Connery in the title role.The Anderson Tapes is a 1971 American crime film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Sean Connery and featuring Dyan Cannon, Martin Balsam and Alan King. The screenplay was written by Frank Pierson, based upon a best-selling 1970 novel of the same name by Lawrence Sanders. The film is scored by Quincy Jones and marks the feature film debut of Christopher Walken.\nIt was the first major film to focus on the pervasiveness of electronic surveillance, from security cameras in public places to hidden recording devices.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSafe-cracker John \"Duke\" Anderson (Sean Connery) is released after ten years in prison. He immediately renews his relationship with his old girlfriend, Ingrid Everleigh (Dyan Cannon). While Anderson was away in prison, Ingrid has been \"kept\" by a wealthy man named Werner (Richard Shull), who put her up in an upper-class apartment block in Manhattan. Anderson determines rapidly to burgle the entire building in a single sweep – filling a furniture van with the proceeds. He gains financing from a nostalgic Mafia boss, Pat Angelo (Alan King), and gathers his four-man crew. Included in this crime team is an ancient ex-con drunk, \"Pop\" (Stan Gottlieb), who was released from prison the same day as Anderson, and \"The Kid\" played by Christopher Walken.\nUnwittingly, Anderson is under pervasive surveillance almost the entire operation, from the earliest planning to the execution. This includes a private detective hired by Werner to eavesdrop on his mistress Ingrid; the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, checking on a released drug dealer; the FBI, investigating Black activists and the interstate smuggling of antiques; and the IRS, which is after the mob boss who is financing the operation. The various surveilling Federal, state, and municipal agencies all have different missions (and targets), so none is able to \"connect the dots\" and anticipate the robbery.\nAnderson taps crooked antique dealer Tommy Haskins (Martin Balsam) to go through the apartment building, identifying valuables, and assess the potential loot. He brings in Edward Spencer (Dick Anthony Williams) to drive the getaway truck. \"The Kid\" will take care of burglar alarms and telephones. He tells \"Pops\", who calls to ask if he can move in with Anderson, to stand by for a \"job\". The Mafia foists the thuggish Rocco \"Socks\" Parelli (Val Avery), a psychopath who has become a liability to the mob, onto the crime team. As part of the deal, Anderson must kill him in the course of the robbery. Anderson sees the operation as complicated enough already, but goes along reluctantly.\nThe operation proceeds over a Labor Day weekend. Disguised as a Mayflower moving and storage crew, the crooks cut telephone and alarm wires and move up through the building, gathering the residents as they go and robbing each apartment. \"Pops\" plays concierge while the real one is bound and gagged in the cellar.\nJerry Bingham (Scott Jacoby), the son of two of the residents, is a paraplegic and asthmatic who is left behind in his air-conditioned room. Using his amateur radio equipment, he calls up other radio amateurs, based in other states, who contact the police. The alarm is thus raised, but only after resolving which side (callers or emergency services) should take the phone bill.\nAs the oblivious criminals work, the police array enormous forces outside to prevent their escape and send a team in via a neighboring rooftop.\nIn the shootout that follows, Anderson kills \"Socks\", but is himself shot by the police. The other robbers are killed, injured or captured. \"Pop\" gives himself up while covering for the others by putting all the blame on \"Socks\". Having never adapted to life on the outside, he looks forward to going back to prison.\nIn the course of searching the building, the police discover some audio listening equipment left behind by the private detective who was hired to check up on Ingrid. They track it to find Anderson in critical condition (after having tried to escape). To avoid embarrassment over the failure to discover the robbery despite having Anderson on tape in several surveillance operations, and since many of the recordings were illegal, each of the agencies orders its tapes to be erased.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n=== Cast notes ===",
"is_supporting": true
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] | Can you name a significant piece produced by the writer of The Timothy Files? | [
{
"id": 698577,
"question": "The Timothy Files >> author",
"answer": "Lawrence Sanders",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
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{
"id": 851686,
"question": "#1 >> notable work",
"answer": "Anderson Tapes",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] | Anderson Tapes | [
"The Anderson Tapes"
] | true | What is a notable work written by the author of The Timothy files? |
2hop__107905_110222 | [
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Gustave Courbet",
"paragraph_text": " for his involvement with the Paris Commune and lived in exile in Switzerland from 1873 until his death four years later.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\nGustave Courbet was born in 1819 to Régis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans (department of Doubs). Anti-monarchical feelings prevailed in the household. (His maternal grandfather fought in the French Revolution.) Courbet's sisters, Zoé, Zélie, and Juliette were his first models for drawing and painting. After moving to Paris he often returned home to Ornans to hunt, fish, and find inspiration.\nCourbet went to Paris in 1839 and worked at the studio of Steuben and Hesse. An independent spirit, he soon left, preferring to develop his own style by studying the paintings of Spanish, Flemish and French masters in the Louvre, and painting copies of their work.\n\nCourbet's first works were an Odalisque inspired by the writing of Victor Hugo and a Lélia illustrating George Sand, but he soon abandoned literary influences, choosing instead to base his paintings on observed reality. Among his paintings of the early 1840s are several self-portraits, Romantic in conception, in which the artist portrayed himself in various roles. These include Self-Portrait with Black Dog (c.��1842–44, accepted for exhibition at the 1844 Paris Salon), the theatrical Self-Portrait which is also known as Desperate Man (c.��1843–45), Lovers in the Countryside (1844, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon), The Sculptor (1845), The Wounded Man (1844–54, Musée d'Orsay, Paris), The Cellist, Self-Portrait (1847, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, shown at the 1848 Salon), and Man with a Pipe (1848–49, Musée Fabre, Montpellier).\nTrips to the Netherlands and Belgium in 1846–47 strengthened Courbet's belief that painters should portray the life around them, as Rembrandt, Hals and other Dutch masters had. By 1848, he had gained supporters among the younger critics, the Neo-romantics and Realists, notably Champfleury.\nCourbet achieved his first Salon success in 1849 with his painting After Dinner at Ornans. The work, reminiscent of Chardin and Le Nain, earned Courbet a gold medal and was purchased by the state. The gold medal meant that his works would no longer require jury approval for exhibition at the Salon—an exemption Courbet enjoyed until 1857 (when the rule changed).\nIn 1849–50, Courbet painted The Stone Breakers (destroyed in the Allied Bombing of Dresden in 1945), which Proudhon admired as an icon of peasant life; it has been called \"the first of his great works\". The painting was inspired by a scene Courbet witnessed on the roadside. He later explained to Champfleury and the writer Francis Wey: \"It is not often that one encounters so complete an expression of poverty and so, right then and there I got the idea for a painting. I told them to come to my studio the next morning.\"\n\n\n== Realism ==\n\nCourbet's work belonged neither to the predominant Romantic nor Neoclassical schools. History painting, which the Paris Salon esteemed as a painter's highest calling, did not interest him, for he believed that \"the artists of one century [are] basically incapable of reproducing the aspect of a past or future century ...\" Instead, he maintained that the only possible source for living art is the artist's own experience. He and Jean-François Millet would find inspiration painting the life of peasants and workers.\nCourbet painted figurative compositions, landscapes, seascapes, and still lifes. He courted controversy by addressing social issues in his work, and by painting subjects that were considered vulgar, such as the rural bourgeoisie, peasants, and working conditions of the poor. His work, along with that of Honoré Daumier and Jean-François Millet, became known as Realism. For Courbet realism dealt not with the perfection of line and form, but entailed spontaneous and rough handling of paint, suggesting direct observation by the artist while portraying the irregularities in nature. He depicted the harshness of life, and in doing so challenged contemporary academic ideas of art. One of the distinctive features of Courbet's Realism was his lifelong attachment to his native province, the Franche-Comté, and of his birthplace, Ornans.\n\n\n=== The Stone Breakers ===\n\nConsidered to be the first of Courbet's great works, The Stone Breakers of 1849 is an example of social realism that caused a sensation when it was first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1850. The work was based on two men, one young and one old, whom Courbet discovered engaged in backbreaking labor on the side of the road when he returned to Ornans for an eight-month visit in October 1848. On his inspiration, Courbet told his friends and art critics Francis Wey and Jules Champfleury, \"It is not often that one encounters so complete an expression of poverty and so, right then and there I got the idea for a painting.\"\nWhile other artists had depicted the plight of the rural poor, Courbet's peasants are not idealized like those in works such as Breton's 1854 painting, The Gleaners.\nDuring World War II, from 13 to 15 February 1945, the Allies continuously bombed the city of Dresden, Germany. German troops hastily loaded artworks from Dresden's galleries and museums onto trucks. The Stone Breakers was destroyed, along with 153 other paintings, when a transport vehicle moving the pictures to the Königstein Fortress, near Dresden, was bombed by Allied forces.\n\n\n=== A Burial at Ornans ===\n\nThe Salon of 1850–1851 found him triumphant with The Stone Breakers, the Peasants of Flagey and A Burial at Ornans. The Burial, one of Courbet's most important works, records the funeral of his grand uncle which he attended in September 1848. People who attended the funeral were the models for the painting. Previously, models had been used as actors in historical narratives, but in Burial Courbet said he \"painted the very people who had been present at the interment, all the townspeople\". The result is a realistic presentation of them and life in Ornans.\nThe vast painting, measuring 10 by 22 feet (3.0 by 6.7 meters), drew both praise and fierce denunciations from critics and the public, in part because it upset convention by depicting a prosaic ritual on a scale which would previously have been reserved for a religious or royal subject.\nAccording to art historian Sarah Faunce, \"In Paris, the Burial was judged as a work that had thrust itself into the grand tradition of history painting, like an upstart in dirty boots crashing a genteel party, and in terms of that tradition it was, of course, found wanting.\" The painting lacks the sentimental rhetoric that was expected in a genre work: Courbet's mourners make no theatrical gestures of grief, and their faces seemed more caricatured than ennobled. The critics accused Courbet of a deliberate pursuit of ugliness.\nEventually, the public grew more interested in the new Realist approach, and the lavish, decadent fantasy of Romanticism lost popularity. Courbet well understood the importance of the painting, and said ofJean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877)Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.bet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.\nCourbet's paintings of the late 1840",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "A Burial At Ornans",
"paragraph_text": " the 1850–51 Paris Salon created an \"explosive reaction\" and brought Courbet instant fame. It is currently displayed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France.A Burial At Ornans (, also known as A Funeral At Ornans) is a painting of 1849–50 by Gustave Courbet, and one of the major turning points of 19th-century French art. The painting records the funeral in September 1848 of his great-uncle in the painter's birthplace, the small town of Ornans. It treats an ordinary provincial funeral with unflattering realism, and on the giant scale traditionally reserved for the heroic or religious scenes of history painting. Its exhibition at the 1850–51 Paris Salon created an \"explosive reaction\" and brought Courbet instant fame. It is currently displayed at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, France.",
"is_supporting": true
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] | What is the birth date of the individual who made A Burial at Ornans? | [
{
"id": 107905,
"question": "Who is the creator of A Burial At Ornans?",
"answer": "Gustave Courbet",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 110222,
"question": "The date of birth of #1 is?",
"answer": "10 June 1819",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
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] | 10 June 1819 | [] | true | When is the date of birth of the creator of A Burial at Ornans? |
3hop1__354480_834494_33939 | [
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Eric Marcus Municipal Airport",
"paragraph_text": " it as a general aviation facility.\n\n\n== Facilities and aircraft ==\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport covers an area of 1,375 acres (556 ha) and has one runway designated 12/30 with a 3,800 x 60 ft (1,158 x 18 m) asphalt surface. For the 12-month period ending April 19, 2023, the airport had 1,600 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 31 per week.\nThe Ajo Country Club is on the southeast part of the former Army Airfield containment area.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe airport was established on 22 August 1941 on approximately 1,426 acres near Ajo, Arizona as part of the expansion of the Army Air Corps prior to the United States entry into World War II. It was designated a sub-post of Luke Army Airfield as part of the Gila Bend Gunnery Range in Maricopa County, with small detachments being stationed at the airfield. The 543d School Squadron operated from Ajo Field operating towing aircraft for aerial gunnery practice.\nIn June 1943, the Ajo AAF was transferred to Williams Army Air Field and the airfield was upgraded with three bituminous runways: 5350x150 (N/S), 5300x150 (NE/SW), and 6300x150 (NW/SE). A large parking apron was built with additional taxiways, landing aids and several hangars. It later became a single engine gunnery school as part of the Fixed Gunnery School operated by the 82d Flying Training Wing at Las Vegas Army Airfield, although it still supported the flying training at Luke and also Williams Army Airfield. It was under the command of the 472d (Reduced) Army Air Force Base Unit, AAF West Coast Training Center.\nAjo AAF also had three auxiliary landing fields, located out on the (now) Barry Goldwater bombing range:\n\nAjo Aux #1 at 32°31′41″N 112°55′58″W\nAjo Aux #2 at 32°36′19″N 112°52′41″W\nAjo Aux #3 at 32°39′38″N 112°52′14″W\nAlthough abandoned since the war, all of these fields are easily visible from the air.\nWith the exception of the small caliber shooting at the former fire-in-butt range, all live ammunition activities took place on the Ajo-Gila Bend Gunnery Range, well away from the Ajo AAF. A Chemical Warfare Service Detachment was assigned to the Ajo AAF; however, their activities were restricted to classroom instruction. All chemical warfare activities, other than classroom instruction, were directed through Williams Army Air Field. Ajo AAF was not authorized to receive any chemical warfare materiel\nThe airfield was used by the Air Force until the end of the war and was inactivated on 7 October 1946. A portion of the Ajo AAF property, approximately 51 acres, was returned to the Department of the Interior (DOI) on July 28, 1947, as part of a quitclaim. The remaining land was handed over to Pima County on August 4, 1949,\nIn June 1952, Bonanza Air lines started service to Los Angeles from Phoenix with a stop in Ajo.\nOf the three original runways, only one is serviceable and still in use. Most of the buildings on the airfield were sold off, removed or broken up. Abandoned streets and taxiways are being eroded away by sands, tumbleweeds and time.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nArizona World War II Army Airfields\nList of airports in Arizona\n37th Flying Training Wing (World War II)\n\n\n== References ==\n This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency\n\n\n=== Footnotes ===\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport (P01) at Arizona DOT airport directory\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport Dedication (February 2006), photos from Pima County\n\nResources for this airport:\nFAA airport information for P01\nAirNav airport information for P01\nFlightAware airport information and live flight tracker\nSkyVector aeronautical chart for P01Eric Marcus Municipal Airport (FAA LID: P01) is a county-owned, public-use airport in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is located 5.75 miles (5.00 nmi; 9.25 km) north of the central business district of Ajo and is about 82 miles (71 nmi; 132 km) southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport.\nThe airport is included in the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2009–2013, which categorizes it as a general aviation facility.\n\n\n== Facilities and aircraft ==\nEric Marcus Municipal Airport covers an area of 1,375 acres (556 ha) and has one runway designated 12/30Eric Marcus Municipal Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is located north of the central business district of Ajo and is about southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport.Eric Marcus Municipal Airport is a county-owned, public-use airport in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It is located north of the central business district of Ajo and is about southwest of Phoenix. The airport was renamed on February 11, 2006; it was formerly known as Ajo Municipal Airport.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead\nKing Canyon Trailhead\nRichard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead\nRichard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead\nSarasota Trailhead\nSweetwater Preserve Trailhead\nVentana Canyon Trailhead\n\n\n== Community Centers ==\nThe NRPR has 13",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to itsBy 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O",
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}
] | What was the number of inhabitants in 1900 for the city located within the same county as Eric Marcus Municipal Airport? | [
{
"id": 354480,
"question": "Eric Marcus Municipal Airport >> location",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 33939,
"question": "What was #2 's population in 1900?",
"answer": "7,531",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | 7,531 | [] | true | What was the population of the city that is found in the same county as Eric Marcus Municipal Airport in 1900? |
4hop1__131002_53706_795904_580996 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "History of Sacramento, California",
"paragraph_text": " inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early 19th Century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay which constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. When John Sutter arrived in the provincial colonial capital of Monterey in 1839, governor Juan Bautista Alvarado provided Sutter with the land he asked for, and Sutter established New Helvetia, whichThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.\nSacramento was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento (Most Holy Sacrament), referring to the Catholic Eucharist.\nBefore the arrival of Europeans, the Nisenan Native American tribe inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early 19th Century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay which constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. When John Sutter arrived in the provincial colonial capital of Monterey in 1839, governor Juan Bautista Alvarado provided Sutter with the land he asked for, and Sutter established New Helvetia, which he controlled absolutely with a private army and relative autonomy from the newly independent Mexican government.\nThe California Gold Rush started when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill, one of Sutter, Sr.'s assets in the city of Coloma in 1848; the arrival of prospectors in droves ruined Sutter's New Helvetia and trade began to develop around a wharf he had established where the American and Sacramento Rivers joined. In the region where Sutter had planned to establish the city of Sutterville, Sacramento City was founded; Sutter, Sr. put his son in charge in frustration, and Sutter, Jr. worked to organize the city in its growth. However, its location caused the city to periodically fill with water. Fires would also sweep through the city. To resolve the problems, the city worked to raise the sidewalks and buildings and began to replace woodenThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.",
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},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Shakespeare Bridge",
"paragraph_text": "The Shakespeare Bridge in the Franklin Hills section of Los Angeles, California, was built in 1926. It is made of concrete and decorated in a Gothic style. It was named after famous playwright William Shakespeare and later designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #126 in 1974.The Shakespeare Bridge in the Franklin Hills section of Los Angeles, California, was built in 1926. It is made of concrete and decorated in a Gothic style. It was named after famous playwright William Shakespeare and later designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #126 in 1974.The Shakespeare Bridge in the Franklin Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, was built in 1926. It is made of concrete and decorated in a Gothic style. It was named after William Shakespeare and later designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #126 in 1974.\nThe bridge was rebuilt in 1998 after the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": " attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the California Road; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rushRumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! '' into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy; the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation, and the California genocide.\nThe effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the California Road; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San",
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},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Rio Linda High School",
"paragraph_text": " opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8% are African-American and 4% are Middle Eastern/Indian. 93% of the students receive a reduced price/free lunch and 19% of the student body (386 students) are English language learners. The 3 most commonly spoken languages spoken by English language learners at this school are Spanish (205 students), Hmong (86 students), and Russian (40 students) Punjabi/Urdu/Arabic (40 students)\n\n\n== Rankings ==\nIn 2012, after evaluating 21,776 high schools across the nation, U.S. News & World Report awarded Rio Linda High School a silver medal. Rio Linda was ranked 1,605th nationally (top 8%) and 337th within the state of California (top 14%)\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nJay Mosley, member of the Missouri House of Representatives\nDarren Oliver, Major League Baseball player\nSheila Hudson, Olympian,Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District. School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one of the primary high schools for students in the Rio Linda/Elverta and Natomas Communities. It offers a wide range of extracurricular activities and academic opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22%",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the neighboring city of the city where an individual pursued employment in the gold rush period in the state home to the Shakespeare Bridge? | [
{
"id": 131002,
"question": "What state is Shakespeare Bridge located?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 53706,
"question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush",
"answer": "Samuel Brannan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 795904,
"question": "#2 >> work location",
"answer": "Sacramento",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 580996,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Rio Linda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] | Rio Linda | [] | true | What city shares a border with the city where a person went to work during the gold rush in the state where the Shakespeare Bridge is located? |
2hop__93145_54024 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "King James Version",
"paragraph_text": " Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I. The 80 books of the King James Version include 39 books of the Old Testament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. \nNoted for its \"majesty of style\", the King James Version has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English-speaking world. The King James Version remains the preferred translation of many Christian fundamentalists and religious movements, and it is considered one of the important literary accomplishments of early modern England.\nThe KJV was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities: The first had been the Great Bible (1535), and the second had been the Bishops' Bible (1568). In Switzerland the first generation of Protestant Reformers had produced the Geneva Bible which was published in 1560 having referred to the original Hebrew and Greek scriptures, which was influential in the writing of the Authorized King James Version.\nThe English Church initially used the officially sanctioned \"Bishops' Bible\", which was hardly used by the population. More popular was the named \"Geneva Bible\", which was created on the basis of the Tyndale translation in Geneva under the direct successor of the reformer John Calvin for his English followers. However, their footnotes represented a Calvinistic Puritanism that was too radical for James. The translators of the Geneva Bible had translated the word king as tyrant about four hundred times—the word tyrant does not appear once in the KJV. Because of this, it has been assumed King James purposely had the translators of the KJV translate the word tyrant as either \"troubling\", \"oppressor\", or some other word to avoid people being critical of his monarchy, though there is no evidence to back up that claim. Arguably this more accurately reflects the difference in meaning between \"tyrant\" in ancient Greek and modern English.\nJames convened the Hampton Court Conference in January 1604, where a new English version was conceived in response to the problems of the earlier translations perceived by the Puritans, a faction of the Church of England. James gave translators instructions intended to ensure the new version would conform to the ecclesiology, and reflect the episcopal structure, of the Church of England and its belief in an ordained clergy. In common with most other translations of the period, the New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament from Hebrew and Aramaic, and the Apocrypha from Greek and Latin. In the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, the text of the Authorized Version replaced the text of the Great Bible for Epistle and Gospel readings, and as such was authorized by an Act of Parliament.\nBy the first half of the 18th century, the Authorized Version had become effectively unchallenged as the only English translation used in Anglican and other English Protestant churches, except for the Psalms and some short passages in the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England. Over the 18th century, the Authorized Version supplanted the Latin Vulgate as the standard version of scripture for English-speaking scholars. With the development of stereotype printing at the beginning of the 19th century,In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England. James Version include 39 books of the Old Testament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. \nNoted for its \"majesty of style\", the King James Version has been described as one of the mostIn May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.The King James Version (KJV), also the King James Bible (KJB) and the Authorized Version (AV), is an Early Modern English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, which was commissioned in 1604 and published in 1611, by sponsorship of King James VI and I. The 80 books of the King James Version include 39 books of the Old Testament, 14 books of Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. \nNoted for its \"majesty of style\", the King James Version has been described as one of the most important books in English culture and a driving force in the shaping of the English-speaking world. The King James Version remains the preferred translation of many Christian fundamentalists and religious movements, and it is considered one of the important literary accomplishments of early modern England.\nThe KJV was the third translation into English approved by the English Church authorities: The first had been the Great Bible (1535), and the second had been the Bishops' Bible (",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "List of state leaders in 1616",
"paragraph_text": " - Archbishopric (1596 -- 1634) Holstein, Duchy -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and Frederick III (1616 -- 1659) in condominial rule Prince - Bishopric of Lübeck -- John Frederick, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Bishopric (1607 -- 1634) Ottoman (Turkish) Empire -- Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (1603 -- 1617) Poland - Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland (1587 -- 1632) Russia - Michael I, Tsar of Russia (1613 -- 1645) Kingdom of Scotland -- James VI (1587 -- 1625) Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves -- Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal (1598 -- 1621) Sweden - Gustavus Adolphus (1611 -- 1632) United Provinces Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581 -- 1795) Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585 -- 1625) Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1586 -- 1619) Republic of Venice -- Giovanni Bembo, Doge of Venice (1615 -- 1618)Kingdom of Denmark -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) Duchy of Schleswig -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and Frederick III (1616 -- 1659) in condominial rule England - James I, King of England (1603 -- 1625) France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610 -- 1643) Holy Roman Empire -- Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (1612 -- 1619) Bremen, Prince - Archbishopric -- John Frederick, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Archbishopric (1596 -- 1634) Holstein, Duchy -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and Frederick III (1616 -- 1659) in condominial rule Prince - Bishopric of Lübeck -- John Frederick, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Bishopric (1607 -- 1634) Ottoman (Turkish) Empire -- Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (1603 -- 1617) Poland - Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland (1587 -- 1632) Russia - Michael I, Tsar of Russia (1613 -- 1645) Kingdom of Scotland -- James VI (1587 -- 1625) Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves -- Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal (1598 -- 1621) Sweden - Gustavus Adolphus (1611 -- 1632) United Provinces Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581 -- 1795) Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585 -- 1625) Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1586 -- 1619) Republic of Venice -- Giovanni Bembo, Doge of Venice (1615 -- 1618)0–1665)\nCivil War: Awenekongo\nAfonso II, Manikongo (1665)\nÁlvaro VII, Manikongo (1665–1666)\nÁlvaro VIII, Manikongo (1666–1669)\nPedro III, Manikongo (1669)\nÁlvaro IX, Manikongo (1669–1670)\nRafael I, Manikongo (1670–1673)\nAfonso III, Manikongo (1673–1674)\nDaniel I, Manikongo (1674–1678)\nKongo claimants of Kibangu (complete list) –\nGarcia III of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1669–1685)\nAndré I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685)\nManuel I of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1685–1688)\nÁlvaro X of Kibangu, Awenekongo (1688–1695)\nPedro IV, Awenekongo (1695–1709)\nKongo claimants of Lemba (complete list) –\nPedro III, Awenekongo (1669–1680)\nJoão II of Lemba, Awenekongo (1680–1716)\nKongo claimants of Mbamba Lovata (complete list) –\nManuel of Lovata, Awenekongo (1678–1715)\nKingdom of Matamba (complete list) –\nMwongo Matamba, Queen (?–1631)\nKingdom of Denmark -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) Duchy of Schleswig -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and Frederick III (1616 -- 1659) in condominial rule England - James I, King of England (1603 -- 1625) France - Louis XIII, King of France (1610 -- 1643) Holy Roman Empire -- Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (1612 -- 1619) Bremen, Prince - Archbishopric -- John Frederick, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Archbishopric (1596 -- 1634) Holstein, Duchy -- Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and John Adolphus (1590 -- 1616) in condominial rule Christian IV (1588 -- 1648) and",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the name of the king who ruled England in 1616 and was responsible for translating the Bible? | [
{
"id": 93145,
"question": "who was the ruler of england in 1616",
"answer": "James I",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 54024,
"question": "who is king #1 who translated the bible",
"answer": "King James I of England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | King James I of England | [
"England"
] | true | Which king, who was England's rule in 1616, translated the Bible? |
2hop__80860_510545 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)",
"paragraph_text": " of being midway between a girl and woman, and wrote the score specifically for 15-year-old Welsh singer Charlotte Church. To convey \"the beauty of mathematics\", Horner decided to use the idea of a kaleidoscope, as its \"patterns are always changing, and things move very quickly, but in moving so quickly, they create other patterns that move very slowly underneath\". He added that these changing patterns were conveyed with the piano and Church's voice.\n\n\n== Release and reception ==\n\nWriting for Empire magazine, Danny Graydon gave the soundtrack four out of five stars. He thought the score contained elements of Horner's previous films Sneakers (1992) and Bicentennial Man (1999), but said \"if you can forgive that, this is a clever, masterful and romantic score that captures a brilliant mind in conflict\". In the tracks \"Creating Government Dynamics\" and \"Cracking The Russian Codes\", Graydon opined that Church's \"poignant vocals mix well with the frenetic piano and strings to represent Nash’s brilliance\" and wished that her voice had been used more in the film.\nDan Goldwasser of Soundtrack.net also found similarities to the score in Bicentennial Man, but thought Horner's work fit the film regardless, explaining \"it effectively underscores the drama and romance, and even provides a few bits of tension for the action scene\". Goldwasser concluded that \"while it all works well in the film, there is enough about this score that just seemed to [sic] 'familiar' to make it stand out\". Contributing to National Public Radio, Andy Trudeau believed Church's particular voice adds a \"human element. It's the sound that, I think, gives a sense of--the center of this character, if you will. I think it's the soul. And it's trying to be normal in a way, and underneath it it's trying to be crazy\".\nHorner's score garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. It lost the Golden Globe to the film Moulin Rouge! and the Oscar to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAdapted from:\n\n\n== References ==A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.\nThe album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well, but believed it to be similar to several of Horner's previous films.\n\n\n== Development ==\nComposer James Horner was a frequent collaborator with Ron Howard, the director of A Beautiful Mind. Horner desired to feature vocals reminiscent of being midway between a girl and woman, and wrote the score specifically for 15-year-old Welsh singer Charlotte Church. To convey \"the beauty of mathematics\", Horner decided to use the idea of a kaleidoscope, as its \"patterns are always changing, and things move very quickly, but in moving so quickly, they create other patterns that move very slowly underneath\". He added that these changing patterns were conveyed with the piano and Church's voice.\n\n\n== Release and reception ==\n\nWriting for Empire magazine, Danny Graydon gave the soundtrack four out of five stars. He thought the score contained elements of Horner's previous films Sneakers (1992) and Bicentennial Man (1999), but said \"if you can forgive that, this is a clever, masterful and romantic score that captures a brilliant mind in conflict\". In the tracks \"Creating Government Dynamics\" and \"Cracking The Russian Codes\", Graydon opined that Church's \"poignant vocals mix well with the frenetic piano and strings to represent Nash’s brilliance\" and wished that her voice had been used more in the film.\nDan Goldwasser of Soundtrack.net also found similarities to the score in Bicentennial Man, but thought Horner's work fit the film regardless, explaining \"it effectively underscores the drama and romance, and even provides a few bits of tension for the action scene\". Goldwasser concluded that \"while it all works well in the film, there is enough about this score that just seemed to [sic] 'familiar' to make it stand out\". Contributing to National Public Radio, Andy Trudeau believed Church's particular voice adds a \"human element. It's the sound that, I think, gives a sense of--the center of this character, if you will. I think it's the soul. And it's trying to be normal in a way, and underneath it it's trying to be crazy\".\nHorner's score garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. It lost the Golden Globe to the film Moulin Rouge! and the Oscar to The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAdapted from:\n\n\n== References ==A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner.\nThe album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well, but believed it to be similar to several of Horner's previous films.\n\n\n== Development ==\nComposer James Horner was a frequent collaborator with Ron Howard, the director of A Beautiful Mind. Horner desired to feature vocals reminiscent of being midway between a girl and woman, and wrote the score specifically for 15-year-old Welsh singer Charlotte Church. To convey \"the beauty of mathematics\", Horner decided to use the idea of a kaleidoscope, asA Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album, on the Decca Records label, of the 2001 film \"A Beautiful Mind\" starring Russell Crowe, Jennifer Connelly (who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as \"Alicia Nash\"), Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany. The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner. garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score. Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well, but believed it to be similar to several of Horner's previous films.\n\n\n== Development ==\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Paul Bettany",
"paragraph_text": " joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company, which would later become the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Osric to Sir Michael Redgrave's Hamlet. In The Tempest, he was the understudy for the role of Ferdinand; he then took over thePaul Bettany (born 27 May 1971) is an English actor. He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. and the Vision in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, specifically the films Iron Man (2008), Iron Man 2 (2010), The Avengers (2012), Iron Man 3 (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and Captain America: Civil War (2016). He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 (2000), and director Brian Helgeland's film A Knight's Tale (2001). He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films, including A Beautiful Mind (2001), Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003), Dogville (2003), Wimbledon (2004), and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code (2006). Thane Bettany stood godfather to his new stepbrother's daughter, Sophie. In 1999 he was summoned by royal command to attend her wedding to Prince Edward, when she became Countess of Wessex (later Duchess of Edinburgh).\n\n\n== Dancing career ==\nBettany had become enamoured with ballet after seeing a performance as a child. Once he left school he took the money given to him by his father to go to school to study ballet. After National Service, when he served in the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm as a mechanic, he entered Sadler's Wells Ballet School (which later became the Royal Ballet School). He began dancing in musical theatre, but after an accident on stage when he broke his back he had to give up professional dance. Acting was an obvious career move, but he had a stammer. He went to study mime in Paris with Charles Antonetti, who helped him manage his stammer. Bettany returned to England and joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company, which would later become the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Osric to Sir Michael Redgrave's Hamlet. In The Tempest, he was the understudy for the role of Ferdinand; he then took over the part when the play transferred to Drury Lane with Sir John Gielgud.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nAfter a few years with the New Zealand Players, he returned home and taught at Corona Stage School, where he met Anne Kettle, whom he would later marry. He moved on to Norway as the Artistic Director of the English Theatre Company there, inviting Kettle over as his stage manager. Back in England they renewed their friendship at the Lincoln Theatre Royale. They married and settled in North London, \"a rough estate in Harlesden\" according to their son, and although stage work continued to be his focus, when his children were born he looked for other work to be closer to home. He continued to act, mainly in television; during this period he was cast in one of his most famous roles, as Tarak on Doctor Who.\nThe couple had three children: daughter Sarah, elder son Paul and younger son Matthew. Sarah and Paul initially attended school in North London. When Sarah, Paul and Matthew were 11, 9 and 2 years old, respectively, their father obtained employment as a drama teacher at the Hertfordshire all-girls boarding school, Queenswood School; the family lived on campus.\nHis son, Matthew, died after a fall at Queenswood when he was 8. Soon after, Paul left home to live on his own in London. Thane and Anne divorced in 1993 after 25 years of marriage. Bettany considered paying privately for sex-reassignment surgery, as he was too old for NHS protocols; in the end he judged it too expensive, and likely to hinder his remaining acting career. He lived in Fife, Scotland with his partner, Andy Little, continuing to work regularly as an actor, including performing with Dundee Rep until his death in November 2015. According to his son Paul, following the death of Andy after a 20 year relationship, Thane \"went back into the closet\" out of difficulties with grief and with reconciling his sexuality and Catholicism, fearing \"not being able to get into Heaven\".\nBettany was the father-in-law of actress Jennifer Connelly, who married his son Paul in 2003.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThane Bettany at IMDb\n\"My Son, the Actor\"\nBiography of Paul BettanyThane William Howard Hardcastle Christopher Bettany (28 May 1929 – 7 November 2015) was an English actor and dancer. He was the father of film and theatre actor Paul Bettany.\n\n\n== Early years ==\nThane Bettany was born in Sarawak, an independent state on the island of Borneo, which was then a British protectorate governed by the White Rajahs. Thane grew up with an elder brother, named Peter Bettany. His godmother was the American memoirist Agnes Newton Keith, author of Three Came Home.\nThe Bettanys knew the Rhys-Jones family, also British expats in Sarawak. In 1965, when both had been widowed, Howard John Bettany, Thane's father, married Margaret Rhys-Jones (née Molesworth; a descendant of Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth). The same year, further intermingling the families, Thane Bettany stood godfather to his new stepbrother's daughter, Sophie. In 1999 he was summoned by royal command to attend her wedding to Prince Edward, when she became Countess of Wessex (later Duchess of Edinburgh).\n\n\n== Dancing career ==\nBettany had become enamoured with ballet after seeing a performance as a child. Once he left school he took the money given to him by his father to go to school to study ballet. After National Service, when he served in the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm as a mechanic, he entered Sadler's Wells Ballet School (which later became the Royal Ballet School). He began dancing in musical theatre, but after an accident on stage when he broke his back he had to give up professional dance. Acting was an obvious career move, but he had a stammer. He went to study mime in Paris with Charles Antonetti, who helped him manage his stammer. Bettany returned to England and joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company, which would later become the Royal Shakespeare Company. He played Osric to Sir Michael Redgrave's Hamlet. In The Tempest, he was the understudy for the role of Ferdinand; he then took over the part when the play transferred to Drury Lane with Sir John Gielgud.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nAfter a few years with the New Zealand Players, he returned home and taught at Corona Stage School, where he met Anne Kettle, whom he would later marry. He moved on to Norway as the Artistic Director of the English Theatre Company there, inviting Kettle over as his stage manager. Back in England they renewed their friendship at the Lincoln Theatre Royale. They married and settled in North London, \"a rough estate in Harlesden\" according to their son, and although stage work continued to be his focus, when his children were born he looked for other work to be closer to home. He continued to act, mainly in television; during",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who is married to the individual who provides the voice for Jarvis in the movie Avengers Age of Ultron? | [
{
"id": 80860,
"question": "who voices jarvis in avengers age of ultron",
"answer": "Paul Bettany",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 510545,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Jennifer Connelly",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] | Jennifer Connelly | [] | true | Who is the spouse of the person who voices Jarvis in the Avengers Age of Ultron? |
2hop__143650_152023 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Delta Hardware",
"paragraph_text": "Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\". The front cover was photographed by Charles Evans at 331 Sunflower Avenue, Clarksdale, Mississippi.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Church is Out\" (Charlie Musselwhite) - 3:32Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\".Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\".Delta Hardware is the twenty fourth studio album by blues harp player and vocalist Charlie Musselwhite. The album was released in 2006, on Real World Records. It is Musselwhite's second release on Real World Records, his first being Sanctuary in 2004. Musselwhite also plays electric guitar on \"Town to Town\". The front cover was photographed by Charles Evans at 331 Sunflower Avenue, Clarksdale, Mississippi.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Church is Out\" (Charlie Musselwhite) - 3:32\n\"One of These Mornings\" (Walter Jacobs) - 2:36\n\"Sundown\" (Musselwhite) - 4:06\n\"Black Water\" (Chris Goldsmith, Musselwhite) - 5:40\n\"Clarksdale Boogie\" (Musselwhite) – 3:38\n\"Just a Feeling\" (Walter Jacobs) - 5:15\n\"Gone Too Long\" (Walter Arnold) - 2:58\n\"Invisible Ones\" (Julio Bermudes, Musselwhite) - 3:32\n\"Town to Town\" (Musselwhite) - 3:16\n\"Blues for Yesterday\" (Musselwhite) - 5:23\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharlie Musselwhite - vocals, harmonica; electric guitar on \"Town to Town\"\nChris",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Charlie Musselwhite",
"paragraph_text": " born in Kosciusko, Mississippi to white parents. Originally claiming to be of partly Choctaw descent, in a 2005 interview he said his mother had told him he was of distant Cherokee descent. His family considered it natural to play music. His father played guitar and harmonica, his mother played piano, and another relative was a one-man band.\nAt the age of three, Musselwhite moved to Memphis, Tennessee. When he was a teenager, Memphis experienced the period when rockabilly, western swing, and electric blues were combining to give birth to rock and roll. That period featured Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, and lesser-known musicians such as Gus Cannon, Furry Lewis, Will Shade, and Johnny Burnette. Musselwhite supported himself by digging ditches, laying concrete, and running moonshine in a 1950 Lincoln automobile. This environment was a school for music as well as life for Musselwhite, who eventually acquired the nickname Memphis Charlie.\nMusselwhite then took off in search of the rumored \"big-paying factory jobs\" up the \"Hillbilly Highway\", Highway 51 to Chicago, where he continued his education on the South Side, making the acquaintance of blues musicians Lew Soloff, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Sonny Boy Williamson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Big Walter Horton. MusselIn 1979, Musselwhite recorded \"The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite\" in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to accompany an instructional book; the album became so popular that it was released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art.CharIn 1979, Musselwhite recorded \"The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite\" in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to accompany an instructional book; the album became so popular that it was released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art. identified as a \"white bluesman\". \nMusselwhite was reportedly the inspiration for Elwood Blues, the character played by Dan Aykroyd in the 1980 film, The Blues Brothers.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMusselwhite, whose father and paternal grandfather were also named Charlie Musselwhite (making him Charlie Musselwhite III), was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi to white parents. Originally claiming to be of partly Choctaw descent, in a 2005 interview he said his mother had told him he was of distant Cherokee descent. His family considered it natural to play music. His father played guitar and harmonica, his mother played piano, and another relative was a one-man band.\nAt the age of three, Musselwhite moved to Memphis, Tennessee. When he was a teenager, Memphis experienced the period when rockabilly, western swing, and electric blues were combining to give birth to rock and roll. That period featured Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, and lesser-known musicians such as Gus Cannon, Furry Lewis, Will Shade, and Johnny Burnette. Musselwhite supported himself by digging ditches, laying concrete, and running moonshine in a 1950 Lincoln automobile. This environment was a school for music as well as life for Musselwhite, who eventually acquired the nickname Memphis Charlie.\nMusselwhite then took off in search of the rumored \"big-paying factory jobs\" up the \"Hillbilly Highway\", Highway 51 to Chicago, where he continued his education on the South Side, making the acquaintance of blues musicians Lew Soloff, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Sonny Boy Williamson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Big Walter Horton. MusselIn 1979, Musselwhite recorded \"The Harmonica According to Charlie Musselwhite\" in London for Kicking Mule Records, intended to accompany an instructional book; the album became so popular that it was released on CD. In June 2008, Blind Pig Records reissued the album on 180-gram vinyl with new cover art.Charles Douglas Musselwhite (born January 31, 1944) is an American blues harmonica player and bandleader, one who came to prominence, along with Mike Bloomfield, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop, as a pivotal figure in helping to revive the Chicago Blues movement of the 1960s. He has often been identified as a \"white bluesman\". \nMusselwhite was reportedly the inspiration for Elwood Blues, the character played by Dan Aykroyd in the 1980 film, The Blues Brothers.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nMusselwhite, whose father and paternal grandfather were also named Charlie Musselwhite (making him Charlie Musselwhite III), was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi to white parents. Originally claiming to be of partly Choctaw descent, in a 2005 interview he said his mother had told him he was of distant Cherokee descent. His family considered it natural to play music. His father played guitar and harmonica, his mother played piano, and another relative was a one-man band.\nAt the age of three, Musselwhite moved to Memphis, Tennessee. When he was a teenager, Memphis experienced the period when rockabilly, western swing, and electric blues were combining to give birth to rock and roll. That period featured Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, and lesser-known musicians such as Gus Cannon, Furry Lewis, Will Shade, and Johnny Burnette. Musselwhite supported himself by digging ditches, laying concrete, and running moonshine in a 1950 Lincoln automobile. This environment was a school for music as well as life for Musselwhite, who eventually acquired the nickname Memphis Charlie.\nMusselwhite then took off in search of the rumored \"big-paying factory jobs\" up the \"Hillbilly Highway\", Highway 51 to Chicago, where he continued his education on the South Side, making the acquaintance of blues musicians Lew Soloff, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Sonny Boy Williamson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Big Walter Horton. Musselwhite immersed himself completely in the musical life, living in the basement of and occasionally working at Jazz Record Mart (the record store operated by Delmark Records founder Bob Koester) with Big Joe Williams and working as a driver for an exterminator, which allowed him to observe what was happening around the city's clubs and bars. He spent his time hanging out at the Jazz Record Mart, at the corner of State and Grand, and a nearby bar, Mr. Joe's, with the city's blues musicians, and sitting in with Williams and others in the clubs, playing for tips. There he forged a lifelong friendship with John Lee Hooker. Though Hooker lived in Detroit, Michigan,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which record company was in charge of the artist who performed Delta Hardware? | [
{
"id": 143650,
"question": "Who sang or played Delta Hardware?",
"answer": "Charlie Musselwhite",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 152023,
"question": "What label was responsible for #1 ?",
"answer": "Kicking Mule Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | Kicking Mule Records | [
"Real World Records"
] | true | What label was responsible for who sang or played Delta Hardware? |
2hop__132929_120537 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "British Aerospace",
"paragraph_text": "The GEC merger to create a UK company compared to what would have been an Anglo-German firm, made the possibility of further penetration of the United States (US) defence market more likely. The company, initially called \"New British Aerospace\", was officially formed on 30 November 1999 and known as BAE Systems.",
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"idx": 1,
"title": "Skyflash",
"paragraph_text": "The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens.The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens.The Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Saab Viggens.\nSkyflash replaced the original Raytheon conical scanning seeker with a Marconi inverse monopulse seeker that worked with the F-4's radar. Monopulse seekers are more accurate, less susceptible to jamming, and able to easily pick out targets at low altitudes. It offered significantly better performance than the original seeker, allowing British Aerospace to dispense with upgrades to the warhead that were carried out in the US to address poor accuracy.\nSkyflash was tested in the US, but after trials against experimental monopulse seekers from Raytheon, the United States Navy elected to order a different monopulse-equipped version of the Sparrow, the AIM-7M. Both Skyflash and AIM-7M were later replaced by the more capable AMRAAM.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nSkyflash came out of a British plan to develop an inverse monopulse seeker for the Sparrow AIM-7E-2 by General Electric Company (GEC) and the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) at the end of the 1960s. Having shown this was feasible, Air Staff Requirement 1219 was issued in January 1972, with the project code XJ.521. The contractors were Hawker Siddeley and Marconi Space & Defence Systems (the renamed GEC guided weapons division) at Stanmore. Major changes from the Sparrow were the addition of a Marconi semi-active inverse monopulse radar seeker, improved electronics, adapted control surfaces and a Thorn EMI active radar fuze. The rocket motors used were the Bristol Aerojet Mk 52 mod 2 and the Rocketdyne Mk 38 mod 4 rocket motor; the latest is the Aerojet Hoopoe.\nTests of the resulting missile showed it could function successfully in hostile electronic countermeasures (ECM) environments and could engage targets under a wide variety of conditions. It could be launched from as low as 100 m to attack a high-altitude target or launched at high level to engage a target flying as low as 75 m. In testing, it repeatedly intercepted target drones at 1,000 ft altitude, the minimum altitude that the tracking cameras could be set to.\nThe missile entered service on the F-4 Phantom in 1978 as what was later called the 3000 Pre TEMP series (Tornado Embodied Modification Package). In 1985, these aircraft were replaced with the Panavia Tornado ADV. Both the Phantom and the Tornado carried the Skyflash in semi-recessed wells on the aircraft's underbelly to reduce drag. In the Tornado, however, Frazer-Nash hydraulic trapezes projected the missile out into the slipstream prior to motor ignition. This widened the missile's firing envelope by ensuring that the launch was not affected by turbulence from the fuselage. Skyflash was therefore converted to the 5000 TEMP series to incorporate the Frazer-Nash recesses in the body of the missile, Launch Attitude Control electronics in the autopilot section and improved wing surfaces. The Tornado-Skyflash combination became operational in 1987 with the formation of the first Tornado F.3 squadron.\nFrom 1988 a further modification (6000 series) nicknamed \"SuperTEMP\" included the Hoopoe rocket motor to change the missile's flight profile from boost-and-glide (with a 3-second burn) to boost-sustain-glide (3 second boost - 4 second sustain), increasing its range from 17nm to 18.4nm at a height of 30,000ft and at a height 5,000ft the range increase was more substantial, raising from 14nm to 16nm. The maximum flight time was also raised from 40 to 50-60 seconds. \nIn RAF service the missiles were usually carried in conjunction with four short-range air-to-air missiles, either AIM-9 Sidewinders or ASRAAMs.\nA version with an active Thomson CSF-developed radar seeker and inertial mid-course update capability, Skyflash Mk 2 (called Active Skyflash), was proposed for both the RAF and Sweden. British interest ended with the 1981 Defence Review; British Aerospace (BAe) kept the proposal around until the early '90s but there were no buyers.\nFurther advanced Sky Flash derivatives were studied under the code name S225X, and a ramjet-powered version, the S225XR became the basis for the MBDA Meteor.\nIn 1996 the RAF announced the launch of the Capability Sustainment Programme which called for, among other things, the replacement of the Skyflash with the AIM-120 AMRAAM. AMRAAM incorporates an active seeker with a strapdown inertial reference unit and computer system, giving it fire-and-forget capability. The first Tornado ADV F.3 with limited AMRAAM capability entered service in 1998. In 2002, a further upgrade enabled full AMRAAM capability. The first mention of AMRAAM as a replacement for Skyflash dates back to 1986.\n\n\n== Former operators ==\n Italy\nItalian Air Force\n Saudi Arabia\nRoyal Saudi Air Force\n Sweden\nSwedish Air Force Made under license as the Rb 71\n United Kingdom\nRoyal Air Force\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n=== Notes ===\n\n\n=== Bibliography ===\nGibson, Chris; Buttler, Tony (2007). British Secret Projects: Hypersonics, Ramjets and Missiles. Midland Publishing. pp. 47–53. ISBN 978-1-85780-258-0.\n\n\n== See also ==The Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Saab Viggens.\nSkyflash replaced the original Raytheon conical scanning seeker with a Marconi inverse monopulse seeker that worked with the F-4's radar. Monopulse seekers are more accurate, less susceptible to jamming, and able to easily pick out targets at low altitudes. It offered significantly better performance than the original seeker, allowing British Aerospace to dispense with upgrades to the warhead that were carried out in the US to address poor accuracy.\nSkyflash was tested in the US, but after trials against experimental monopulse seekers from Raytheon, the United States Navy elected to order a different monopulse-equipped version of the Sparrow, the AIM-7M. Both Skyflash and AIM-7M were later replaced by the more capable AMRAAM.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nSkyflash came out of a British plan to develop an inverse monopulse seeker for the Sparrow AIM-7E-2 by General Electric Company (GEC) and the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) at the end of the 1960s. Having shown this was feasible, Air Staff Requirement 1219 was issued in January 1972, with the project code XJ.521. The contractors were Hawker Siddeley and Marconi Space & Defence Systems (the renamed GEC guided weapons division) at Stanmore. Major changes from the Sparrow were the addition of a Marconi semi-active inverse monopulse radar seeker, improved electronics, adapted control surfaces and a Thorn EMI active radar fuze. The rocket motors used were the Bristol Aerojet Mk 52 mod 2 and the Rocketdyne Mk 38 mod 4 rocket motor; the latest is the Aerojet Hoopoe.\nTests of the resulting missile showed it could function successfully in hostile electronic countermeasures (ECM) environments and could engage targets under a wide variety of conditions. It could be launched from as low as 100 m to attack",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When did the company responsible for producing Skyflash cease operations? | [
{
"id": 132929,
"question": "What company makes Skyflash?",
"answer": "British Aerospace",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 120537,
"question": "When was #1 abolished?",
"answer": "30 November 1999",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] | 30 November 1999 | [] | true | When was the company that makes Skyflash abolished? |
2hop__76402_653666 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Mormonism",
"paragraph_text": ". Mormons believe that Christ's church was restored through Joseph Smith and is guided by living prophets and apostles. Mormons believe in the Bible and other books of scripture, such as the Book of Mormon. They have a unique view of cosmology and believe that all people are literal spirit children of God. Mormons believe that returning to God requires following the example of Jesus Christ and accepting his atonement through repentance and ordinances such as baptism.\nDuring the 19th century, Mormon converts tended to gather in a central geographic location, a trend that reversed somewhat in the 1920s and 1930s. The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah, and North America has more Mormons than any other continent, although about 60% of Mormons live outside the United States. As of December 31, 2021, the LDS Church reported a membership of 16,805,400.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\n\nThe terminology preferred by the church itself has varied over time. At various points, the church has embraced the term Mormon and stated that other sects within the shared faith tradition should not be called Mormon.\nThe word Mormon was initially coined to describe any person who believes in the Book of Mormon as a scripture volume. Mormonite and Mormon were originally descriptive terms used both by outsiders to the faith, church members, and occasionally church leaders. The term Mormon later was sometimes used derogatorily; such use may have developed during the 183Mormonism is the predominant religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity. Joseph Smith founded the movement in Western New York in the 1820s. During the 1830s and 1840s, it distinguished itself from traditional Protestantism. Mormonism represents the faith taught by Smith in the 1840s. After he was killed in 1844, most Mormons followed Brigham Young on his westward journey to the area that became the Utah Territory, calling themselves The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (LDS Church). Other sects include Mormon fundamentalism, which seeks to maintain practices and doctrines such as polygamy, and various other small independent denominations. The second - largest Latter Day Saint denomination, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints, since 2001 called the Community of Christ, does not describe itself as ``Mormon '', but instead follows a Trinitarian Christian restorationist theology, and also considers itself Restorationist in terms of Latter Day Saint doctrine.MMormonism is the predominant religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity. Joseph Smith founded the movement in Western New York in the 1820s. During the 1830s and 1840s, it distinguished itself from traditional Protestantism. Mormonism represents the faith taught by Smith in the 1840s. After he was killed in 1844, most Mormons followed Brigham Young on his westward journey to the area that became the Utah Territory, calling themselves The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints (LDS Church). Other sects include Mormon fundamentalism, which seeks to maintain practices and doctrines such as polygamy, and various other small independent denominations. The second - largest Latter Day Saint denomination, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints, since 2001 called the Community of Christ, does not describe itself as ``Mormon '', but instead follows a Trinitarian Christian restorationist theology, and also considers itself Restorationist in terms of Latter Day Saint doctrine. and history. One of the central doctrinal issues that defined Mormonism in the 19th century was the practice of plural marriage, a form of religious polygamy. From 1852 until 1904, when the LDS Church banned the practice, many Mormons who had followed Brigham Young to the Utah Territory openly practiced polygamy. Mormons dedicate significant time and resources to serving in their churches. A prominent practice among young and retired members of the LDS Church is to serve a full-time proselytizing mission. Mormons have a health code that eschews alcoholic beverages, tobacco, tea, coffee, and addictive substances. They tend to be very family-oriented and have strong connections across generations and with extended family, reflecting their belief that families can be sealed together beyond death. They also have a strict law of chastity, requiring abstention from sexual relations outside heterosexual marriage and fidelity within marriage.\nMormons self-identify as Christian, but some non-Mormons consider Mormons non-Christian because some of their beliefs differ from those of Nicene Christianity. Mormons believe that Christ's church was restored through Joseph Smith and is guided by living prophets and apostles. Mormons believe in the Bible and other books of scripture, such as the Book of Mormon. They have a unique view of cosmology and believe that all people are literal spirit children of God. Mormons believe that returning to God requires following the example of Jesus Christ and accepting his atonement through repentance and ordinances such as baptism.\nDuring the 19th century, Mormon converts tended to gather in a central geographic location, a trend that reversed somewhat in the 1920s and 1930s. The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah, and North America has more Mormons than any other continent, although about 60% of Mormons live outside the United States. As of December 31, 2021, the LDS Church reported a membership of 16,805,400.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\n\nThe terminology preferred by the church itself has varied over time. At various points, the church has embraced the term Mormon and stated that other sects within the shared faith tradition should not be called Mormon.\nThe word Mormon was initially coined to describe any person who believes in the Book of Mormon as a scripture volume. Mormonite and Mormon were originally descriptive terms used both by outsiders to the faith, church members, and occasionally church leaders. The term Mormon later was sometimes used derogatorily; such use may have developed during the 183Mormonism is the predominant religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity. Joseph Smith founded the movement in Western New York in the 1820s. During the 1830s and 1840s",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother",
"paragraph_text": " copy was given to apostle Brigham Young, and the other stayed with Lucy Smith in Nauvoo. Eventually, apostle Orson Pratt obtained Lucy's copy and published it in 1853, to great controversy.\n\n\n=== Brigham Young's opposition ===\nAfter its publication, Brigham Young declared the book to be a \"tissue of lies\" and wanted corrections made. In the Millennial Star in 1855, he said,\n\nThere are many mistakes in the work ... I have had a written copy of those sketches in my possession for several years, and it contains much of the history of the Prophet Joseph. Should it ever be deemed best to publish these sketches, it will not be done until after they are carefully corrected.\nIn 1865, Young ordered the church members to have their copies destroyed. There was no \"corrected\" version until the church published a 1901 serialization and 1902 book, which were done under the direction of Joseph F. Smith, Lucy's grandson.\nLater historians theorized that Young opposed the book because of his own conflicts with its publisher, Orson Pratt, as well as the book's favorable references to William Smith, Young's opponent and Lucy's son. Lucy Mack Smith portrayed the Smith family as the legitimate leaders of the church, which Young may also have seen as a challenge to his leadership.\n\n\n== Importance ==\nLDS historian Leonard Arrington saw the book as \"informative, basically accurate, and extremely revealing of Joseph Smith's early life and family background,\" and felt it \"perhaps tells more about Mormon origins than any other single source. Richard L. Anderson called it one of \"the essential sources for Mormon origins.\" Non-Mormon historian Jan Shipps identifies this history as being \"of central importance in the Mormon historical corpus.\"\n\n\n== Editions ==\nThe book has been republished several times, under various publishers, editors and titles. The following is a list of editions with significant changes to the text or title.\n\nBiographical Sketches of Joseph Smith the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations, by Lucy Smith, Mother of the Prophet. Liverpool: S.W. Richards for Orson Pratt. 1853.\nBiographical Sketches of Joseph Smith the Prophet and His Progenitors for Many Generations. Plano, Illinois: Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. 1880.\nSmith, George A.; Smith, Elias, eds. (1902). History of the Prophet Joseph, by His Mother, Lucy Smith, as Revised by George A. Smith and Elias Smith. Salt Lake City, Utah: Improvement Era..\nNibley, Preston, ed. (1945). History of Joseph Smith, By His Mother,History of Joseph Smith by His Mother is a biography of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, according to his mother, Lucy Mack Smith. It was originally titled Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations and was published by Orson Pratt in Liverpool in 1853.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who gave birth to the individual who started Mormonism? | [
{
"id": 76402,
"question": "who founded the mormon faith in new york",
"answer": "Joseph Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 653666,
"question": "#1 >> mother",
"answer": "Lucy Mack Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] | Lucy Mack Smith | [] | true | Who is the mother of the founder of Mormonism? |
2hop__20268_42014 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Scottish Parliament",
"paragraph_text": " Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified by the Scotland Act 1998. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are \"The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament has seating arranged in a hemicycle, which reflects the desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members. There are 131 seats in the debating chamber. Of the total 131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers – the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General for Scotland, who are not elected members of the Parliament but are members of the Scottish Government. As such the Law Officers may attend and speak in the plenary meetings of the Parliament but, as they are not elected MSPs, cannot vote. Members are able to sit anywhere in the debating chamber, but typically sit in their party groupings. The First Minister, Scottish cabinet ministers and Law officers sit in the front row, in the middle section of the chamber. The largest party in the Parliament sits in the middle of the semicircle, with opposing parties on either side. The Presiding Officer, parliamentary clerks and officials sit opposite members at the front of the debating chamber.encies elected by the plurality (first-past-the-post) system, while a further 56 are returned as list members from eight additional member regions. Each region elects seven party-list MSPs. Each region elects 15 to 17 MSPs in total. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 6 May 2021, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality.\nThe original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland and existed from the early 13th century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a consequence, the Parliament of Scotland ceased to exist, while the Parliament of England, which sat at Westminster, was subsumed into the Parliament of Great Britain. In practice, all of the traditions, procedures, and standing orders of the English parliament were retained, with the addition of Scottish members in both the Commons and Lords.\nFollowing a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Presbyterianism",
"paragraph_text": " congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas.\n\n\n== Presbyterian identity ==\n\n\n=== Early history ===\n\nPresbyterian tradition, particularly that of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, withPresbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over the preceding century by British Puritans, initially guided by John Calvin and John Knox. It was enacted as law by the Scottish Parliament, and became one of the foundational documents of Presbyterian church legislation elsewhere. sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders), a conciliar approach as with other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod, and general assembly). There are roughly 75 million Presbyterians in the world.\nThe roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Reformation of the 16th century, the example of John Calvin's Republic of Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches that trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas.\n\n\n== Presbyterian identity ==\n\n\n=== Early history ===\n\nPresbyterian tradition, particularly that of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent of one another.\" The Church in Scotland kept the Christian feast of Easter at a date different from the See of Rome and its monks used a unique style of tonsure. The Synod of Whitby in 664, however, ended these distinctions as it ruled \"that Easter would be celebrated according to the Roman date, not the Celtic date.\" Although Roman influence came to dominate the Church in Scotland, certain Celtic influences remained in the Scottish Church, such as \"the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditional and folk tunes\", which later became a \"distinctive part of Scottish Presbyterian worship\".\n\n\n=== Development ===\n\nPresbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the Reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations.\nPresbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scottish Catholic Priest who studied with Calvin in Geneva and brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. An important influence on the formation of presbyterianism in Britain also came from John a Lasco, a Polish reformer, the founder of a Stranger's Church in London, based on the Geneva models.\nThe Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to Scotland. In August 1560, the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.\nIn time, the Scots Confession would be supplanted by the Westminster Confession of Faith, and the larger and shorter catechisms, which were formulated by the Westminster Assembly between 1643 and 1649.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nPresbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organisation (or \"church order\") and worship, often using a \"Book of Order\" to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism. Many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Some of the splits have been due to doctrinal controversy, while some have been caused by disagreement concerning the degree to which those ordained to church office should be required to agree with the Westminster Confession of Faith, which historically serves as an important confessional document – second only to the Bible, yet directing particularities in the standardisation and translation of the Bible – in Presbyterian churches.\nPresbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning, tempered with the belief that no human action can affect salvation.\nContinuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine are embodied in several statements of faith and catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church, often referred to as \"subordinate standards\".\n\n\n=== Government ===\n\nPresbyterian government is by councils (still known as courts in some countries, as boards in others) of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, and mission of the local congregation. Teaching elders (pastors or ministers) have responsibility for teaching, worship, and performing sacraments. Pastors or ministers are called by individual congregations. A congregation issues a call for the pastor or minister's service, but this call must be ratified by the local presbytery. The pastor or minister is a teaching elder, and Moderator of the Session, but is not usually a member of the congregation; instead, this person is a member of the Presbytery of which the given church is a member.\nRuling elders are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the teaching elders, assuming responsibility for the nurture and leadership of the congregation. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry to the needy in the congregation to a distinct group of officers (sometimes called deacons, which are ordained in some denominations). This group may variously be known as a \"Deacon Board\", \"Board of Deacons\" \"Diaconate\", or \"Deacons' Court\". These are sometimes known as \"presbyters\" to the full congregation. Since the 20th century, most denominations allow women to be teaching or ruling elders.\nAbove the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate level of a synod sometimes exists. This congregation / presbytery",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the count of members who belong to the Scottish Government amongst those in the seats of the organization responsible for turning the Directory of Public Worship into law? | [
{
"id": 20268,
"question": "Which government enacted the Directory of Public Worship teachings into law?",
"answer": "Scottish Parliament",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 42014,
"question": "How many members in the seats of #1 are members of the Scottish Government?",
"answer": "2",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] | 2 | [] | true | How many members in the seats of the organization that enacted the Directory of Public Worship into law are members of the Scottish Government? |
2hop__25797_25839 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "USB",
"paragraph_text": " form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is \"you\", which can be either singular or plural. Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.:��1–34��\nThe use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent. For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the meaning of the pronoun he is dependent on its antecedent, that poor man.\nThe adjective form of the word \"pronoun\" is \"pronominal\". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in That's not the one I wanted, the phrase the one (containing the prop-word one) is a pronominal.\n\n\n== Theory ==\n\n\n=== Pronoun versus pro-form ===\nPronoun is a category of words. A pro-form is a type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context. In English, pronouns mostly function as pro-forms, but there are pronouns that are not pro-forms and pro-forms that are not pronouns.[p. 239]\n\nExamples [1 & 2] are pronouns and pro-forms. In [1], the pronoun it \"stands in\" for whatever was mentioned and is a good idea. In [2], the relative pronoun who stands in for \"the people\". \nExamples [3 & 4] are pronouns but not pro-forms. In [3], the interrogative pronoun whoThe original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard.On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (glossed PRO) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.\nPronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not consider them to form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is \"you\", which can be either singular or plural. Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.:��1–34��",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "USB",
"paragraph_text": " to form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is \"you\", which can be either singular or plural. Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.:��1–34��\nThe use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent. For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the meaning of the pronoun he is dependent on its antecedent, that poor man.\nThe adjective form of the word \"pronoun\" is \"pronominal\". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in That's not the one I wanted, the phrase the one (containing the prop-word one) is a pronominal.\n\n\n== Theory ==\n\n\n=== Pronoun versus pro-form ===\nPronoun is a category of words. A pro-form is a type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverableA unit load is defined as 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0, and 150 mA in USB 3.0. A device may draw a maximum of five unit loads from a port in USB 1.x and 2.0 (500 mA), or six unit loads in USB 3.0 (900 mA). There are two types of devices: low-power and high-power. A low-power device (such as a USB HID) draws at most one-unit load, with minimum operating voltage of 4.4 V in USB 2.0, and 4 V in USB 3.0. A high-power device draws, at most, the maximum number of unit loads the standard permits. Every device functions initially as low-power (including high-power functions during their low-power enumeration phases), but may request high-power, and get it if available on the providing bus.On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (glossed PRO) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.\nPronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not consider them to form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is \"you\", which can be either singular or plural. Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.:��1–34��\nThe use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent. For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the meaning of the pronoun he is dependent on its antecedent, that poor man.\nThe adjective form of the word \"pronoun\" is \"pronominal\". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in That's not the one I wanted, the phrase the one (containing the prop-word one) is a pronominal.\n\n\n== Theory ==\n\n\n=== Pronoun versus pro-form ===\nPronoun is a category of words. A pro-form is a type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context. In English, pronouns mostly function as pro-forms, but there are pronouns that are not pro-forms and pro-forms that are not pronouns.[p. 239]\n\nExamples [1 & 2] are pronouns and pro-forms. In [1], the pronoun it \"stands in\" for whatever was mentioned and is a good idea. In [2], the relative pronoun who stands in for \"the people\". \nExamples [3 & 4] are pronouns but not pro-forms. In [3], the interrogative pronoun who does not stand in for anything. Similarly, in [4], it is a dummy pronoun, one that does not stand in for anything. No other word can function there with the same meaning; we do not say \"the sky is raining\" or \"the weather is raining\". \nA prop-word is a word with little or no semantic content used where grammar dictates a certain sentence member, e.g., to provide a \"support\" on which to hang a modifier. The word most commonly considered as a prop-word in English is one (with the plural form ones). The prop-word one takes the place of a countable noun in a noun phrase (or determiner phrase), normally in a context where it is clear which noun it is replacing. For example, in a context in which hats are being talked about, the red one means \"the red hat\", and the ones we bought means \"the hats we bought\". The prop-word thus functions somewhat similarly to a pronoun, except that a pronoun usually takes the place of a whole noun (determiner) phrase (for example, \"the red hat\" may be replaced by the pronoun \"it\".)\nFinally, in [5 & 6], there are pro-forms that are not pronouns. In [5], did so is a verb phrase that stands in for \"helped\", inflected from to help stated earlier in the sentence. Similarly, in [6], others is a common noun, not a pronoun, but the others probably stands in for the names of other people involved (e.g., Sho, Alana, and Ali), all proper nouns.\n\n\n=== Grammar ===\nPronouns (antōnymía) are listed as one of eight parts of speech in The Art of Grammar, a treatise on Greek grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax and dating from the 2nd century BC. The pronoun is described there as \"a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person.\" Pronouns continued to be regarded as a part of speech in Latin grammar (the Latin term being pronomen, from which the English name – through Middle French – ultimately derives), and thus in the European tradition generally.\nBecause of the many different syntactic roles that they play, pronouns are less likely to be a single word class in more modern approaches to grammar.\n\n\n=== Linguistics ===\n\nLinguists in particular have trouble classifying pronouns in a single category, and some do not agree that pronouns substitute nouns or noun categories. Certain types of pronouns are often identical or similar in form to determiners with related meaning; some English examples are given in the table.\n\nThis observation has led some linguists, such as Paul Postal, to regard pronouns as determiners that have had their following noun or noun phrase deleted. (Such patterning can even be claimed for certain personal pronouns; for example, we and you might be analyzed as determiners in phrases like we Brits and you tennis players.) Other linguists have taken a similar view, uniting pronouns and determiners into a single class, sometimes called \"determiner-pronoun\", or regarding determiners as a subclass of pronouns or vice versa. The distinction may be considered to be one of subcategorization or valency, rather like the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs – determiners take a noun phrase complement like transitive verbs do, while pronouns do not. This is consistent with the determiner phrase viewpoint, whereby a determiner, rather than the noun that follows it, is taken to be the head of the phrase. Cross-linguistically, it seems as though pronouns share 3 distinct categories: point of view, person, and number. The breadth of each subcategory however tends to",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is the highest load capacity of the device which first became popular in its 1.1 version? | [
{
"id": 25797,
"question": "1.1 was the first widely used version of what?",
"answer": "USB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 25839,
"question": "What is the maximum amount of load a #1 1. and 2.0 device may draw?",
"answer": "five unit loads",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | five unit loads | [] | true | What is the maximum amount of load that can be drawn by the device where 1.1 was the first widely used version? |
2hop__20059_236755 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "GNU Manifesto",
"paragraph_text": "atively developing and providing software that is based on Stallman's idea of software freedom (although the written definition had not existed until February 1986). The manifesto was written as a way to familiarize more people with these concepts, and to find more support in form of work, money, programs and hardware.\nThe GNU Manifesto possessed its name and full written form in 1985 but was updated in minor ways in 1987.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe GNU Manifesto opens with an explanation of what the GNU Project is, and what is the current, at the time, progress in creation of the GNU operating system. The system, although based on, and compatible with Unix, is meant by the author to have many improvements over it, which are listed in detail in the manifesto.\nOne of the major driving points behind the GNU project, according to Stallman, was the rapid (at the time) trend toward Unix and its various components becoming proprietary (i.e. closed-source and non-libre) software.\nThe manifesto lays a philosophical basis for launching the project, and importance of bringing it to fruition — proprietary software is a way to divide users, who are no longer able to help each other. Stallman refuses to write proprietary software as a sign of solidarity with them.\nThe author provides many reasons for why the project and software freedom is beneficial to users, although he agrees that its wide adoption will make the work of programmers less profitable.\nA large part of the GNU Manifesto is focused on rebutting possible objections to GNU Project's goals. They include the programmer's need to make a living, the issue of advertising and distributing free software, and the perceived need of a profit incentive.\n\n\n== Inspired by GNU Manifesto ==\nThroughout history, the GNU Manifesto has inspired various other UNIX-related manifestos. Based on it, 10 years later, a popular magazine Linux Focus released its manifesto. 20 years later, a popular illustrations publisher has published their Linux developer manifesto.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nHistory of free and open-source software\nOpen Letter to Hobbyists\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGNU ManifestoThe GNU Manifesto is a call-to-action by Richard Stallman encouraging participation and support of the GNU Project's goal in developing the GNU free computer operating system. The GNU Manifesto was published in March 1985 in Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools. It is held in high regard within the free software movement as a fundamental philosophical source.\nThe full text is included with GNU software such as Emacs, and is publicly available.\n\n\n== Background ==\nSome parts of the GNU Manifesto began as an announcement of the GNU Project posted by Richard Stallman on September 27, 1983, in form of an email on Usenet newsgroups. The project's aim was to give computer users freedom and control over their computers by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based on Stallman's idea of software freedom (although the written definition had not existed until February 1986). The manifesto was written as a way to familiarize more people with these concepts, and to find more support in form of work, money, programs and hardware.\nThe GNU Manifesto possessed its name and full written form in 1985 but was updated in minor ways in 1987.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe GNU Manifesto opens with an explanation of what the GNU Project is, and what is the current, at the time, progress in creation of the GNU operating system. The system, although based on, and compatible with Unix, is meant by the author to have many improvements over it, which are listed in detail in the manifesto.\nOne of the major driving points behind the GNU project, according to Stallman, was the rapid (at the time) trend toward Unix and its various components becoming proprietary (i.e. closed-source and non-libre) software.\nThe manifesto lays a philosophical basis for launching the project, and importance of bringing it to fruition — proprietary software is a way to divide users, who are no longer able to help each other. Stallman refuses to write proprietary software as a sign of solidarity with them.\nThe author provides many reasons for whyThe GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman and published in March 1985 in \"Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools\" as an explanation of goals of the GNU Project, and as a call for support and participation in developing GNU, a free software computer operating system. It is held in high regard within the free software movement as a fundamental philosophical source.TheThe GNU Manifesto was written by Richard Stallman and published in March 1985 in \"Dr. Dobb's Journal of Software Tools\" as an explanation of goals of the GNU Project, and as a call for support and participation in developing GNU, a free software computer operating system. It is held in high regard within the free software movement as a fundamental philosophical source. is included with GNU software such as Emacs, and is publicly available.\n\n\n== Background ==\nSome parts of the GNU Manifesto began as an announcement of the GNU Project posted by Richard Stallman on September 27, 1983, in form of an email on Usenet newsgroups. The project's aim was to give computer users freedom and control over their computers by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based on Stallman's idea of software freedom (although the written definition had not existed until February 1986). The manifesto was written as a way to familiarize more people with these concepts, and to find more support in form of work, money, programs and hardware.\nThe GNU Manifesto possessed its name and full written form in 1985 but was updated in minor ways in 1987.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe GNU Manifesto opens with an explanation of what the GNU Project is",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Intellectual property",
"paragraph_text": " appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Venetian Patent Statute of March 19, 1474, established by the Republic of Venice is usually considered to be the earliest codified patent system in the world. It states that patents might be granted for \"any new and ingenious device, not previously made\", provided it was useful. By and large, these principles still remain the basic principles of current patent laws. The Statute of Monopolies (1624) and theFree Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term. property rights to certain information and intellectual goods they create, usually for a limited period of time. Supporters argue that because IP laws allow people to protect their original ideas and prevent unauthorized copying, creators derive greater individual economic benefit from the information and intellectual goods they create, and thus have more economic incentives to create them in the first place. Advocates of IP believe that these economic incentives and legal protections stimulate innovation and contribute to technological progress of certain kinds.\nThe intangible nature of intellectual property presents difficulties when compared with traditional property like land or goods. Unlike traditional property, intellectual property is \"indivisible\", since an unlimited number of people can in theory \"consume\" an intellectual good without its being depleted. Additionally, investments in intellectual goods suffer from appropriation problems: Landowners can surround their land with a robust fence and hire armed guards to protect it, but producers of information or literature can usually do little to stop their first buyer from replicating it and selling it at a lower price. Balancing rights so that they are strong enough to encourage the creation of intellectual goods but not so strong that they prevent the goods' wide use is the primary focus of modern intellectual property law.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Venetian Patent Statute of March 19, 1474, established by the Republic of Venice is usually considered to be the earliest codified patent system in the world. It states that patents might be granted for \"any new and ingenious device, not previously made\", provided it was useful. By and large, these principles still remain the basic principles of current patent laws. The Statute of Monopolies (1624) and the British Statute of Anne (1710) are seen as the origins of the currentFree Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it \"systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion\". He claims that the term \"operates as a catch-all to lump together disparate laws [which] originated separately, evolved differently, cover different activities, have different rules, and raise different public policy issues\" and that it creates a \"bias\" by confusing these monopolies with ownership of limited physical things, likening them to \"property rights\". Stallman advocates referring to copyrights, patents and trademarks in the singular and warns against abstracting disparate laws into a collective term.Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | What is a significant piece of work from the individual who labeled 'intellectual property' as a catch-all term? | [
{
"id": 20059,
"question": "Who said the term 'intellectual property' \"operates as a catch-all\"?",
"answer": "Richard Stallman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 236755,
"question": "#1 >> notable work",
"answer": "GNU Manifesto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | GNU Manifesto | [
"The GNU Manifesto"
] | true | What is a notable work from the person who said the term 'intellectual property' operates as a catch-all |
4hop1__130480_53706_795904_580996 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Atwell Mill Grove",
"paragraph_text": "Atwell Mill Grove is a giant sequoia grove in the east fork of the Kaweah watershed area in California. Can be accessed via the Mineral King Road which branches off California State Route 198 below the south entrance to Sequoia National Park.Atwell Mill Grove is a giant sequoia grove in the east fork of the Kaweah watershed area in California. Can be accessed via the Mineral King Road which branches off California State Route 198 below the south entrance to Sequoia National Park.Atwell Mill Grove is a giant sequoia grove in the east fork of the Kaweah watershed area in California. Can be accessed via",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "California Gold Rush",
"paragraph_text": " attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold RushRumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! '' into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy; the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation, and the California genocide.\nThe effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the California Road; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote; the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September 1850, California became a state.\nAt the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of \"staking claims\" was developed. Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. Although mining caused environmental harm, more sophisticated methods of gold recovery were developed and later adopted around the world. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. By 1869, railroads were built from California to the eastern United States. At",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "History of Sacramento, California",
"paragraph_text": " inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early 19th Century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay which constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. When John Sutter arrived in the provincial colonial capital of Monterey in 1839, governor Juan Bautista Alvarado provided Sutter with the land he asked for, and Sutter established New Helvetia, whichThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.\nSacramento was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento (Most Holy Sacrament), referring to the Catholic Eucharist.\nBefore the arrival of Europeans, the Nisenan Native American tribe inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.Sacramento was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Rio Linda High School",
"paragraph_text": " opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13Rio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District. School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one of the primary high schools for students in the Rio Linda/Elverta and Natomas Communities. It offers a wide range of extracurricular activities and academic opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8% are African-American and 4% are Middle Eastern/Indian. 93% of the students receive a reduced price/free lunch and 19% of the student body (386 students) are English language learners. The 3 most commonly spoken languages spoken by English language learners at this school are Spanish (205 students), Hmong (86 students), and Russian (40 students) Punjabi/Urdu/Arabic (40 students)\n\n\n== Rankings ==\nIn 2012, after evaluating 21,776 high schools across the nation, U.S. News & World Report awarded Rio Linda High School a silver medal. Rio Linda was ranked 1,605th nationally (top 8%) and 337th within the state of California (top 14%)\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nJay Mosley, member of the Missouri House of Representatives\nDarren Oliver, Major League Baseball player\nSheila Hudson, Olympian, USATF Board of Director & Hall",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Which place is adjacent to the city where a person who worked in the state, where the gold rush happened in the vicinity of Atwell Mill Grove, used to reside? | [
{
"id": 130480,
"question": "What state is Atwell Mill Grove located?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 53706,
"question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush",
"answer": "Samuel Brannan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 795904,
"question": "#2 >> work location",
"answer": "Sacramento",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 580996,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Rio Linda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] | Rio Linda | [] | true | What shares a border with the city where someone worked who went to the state where Atwell Mill Grove is located during the gold rush? |
3hop1__377943_650651_7262 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All",
"paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.The finale aired on July 10, 2012 and Nurul Hannah who lost 111 pounds won the title of The Biggest Loser make her the first ever female contestant win this show after two male on past season. Fernandez Aljunied won the prize for at-home contestants. In the end of the show Stacy Sandra told that next season will be airing next year and she will not return to the show and will be replaced by Sarah Rahman. Ezuan Aziz also announced that he will not return for next season.\n\n\n== Contestants ==\nThis season featured 27 contestants with nine different team colors. They will train by three trainers, each trainer will train three teams respectively. However, on week 1, Stacy told that one of each team will sent home and will be back on future. On week 6, Dicky and Rashid returned on ranch because they have the highest percentage of weight loss and the rest do not have a spot to back on ranch. In the same week, Stacy told that the gameplay changed which is Blue vs Red vs Black. However, in the end of week 9, Stacy told that the eliminated players who do not have a spot on ranch will returns.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Labu, Temburong",
"paragraph_text": " to explain more about the Gerakan Pembangunan Kampung (GPK) Project. This GPK project is a continuation of the Excellent Village Award which aims to further mobilize the Women's and Youth Bureaus for each MPK. The Piasau Plantation Project is located in Kampong Piasau-Piasau. The Piasau Plantation Project was started by MPK Piasau-Piasau at the beginning of December 2008. Many obstacles have been faced in planting theLabu is a mukim in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the north of the Temburong District bordering Brunei Bay to the north, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the east, Mukim Batu Apoi to the south, Mukim Bangar to the south-west and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Mukim Labu contains several islands: Pulau Selirong, Pulau Selanjak, Pulau Siarau and Pulau Pituat. Labu has a total area of ; as of 2016, Labu had a total population of 599.MLabu is a mukim in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the north of the Temburong District bordering Brunei Bay to the north, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the east, Mukim Batu Apoi to the south, Mukim Bangar to the south-west and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Mukim Labu contains several islands: Pulau Selirong, Pulau Selanjak, Pulau Siarau and Pulau Pituat. Labu has a total area of ; as of 2016, Labu had a total population of 599. and Pulau Pituat.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAs of 2021 census, the population was 508 with 53.9% males and 46.1% females. The mukim had 116 households occupying 99 dwellings. The entire population lived in rural areas.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs of 2021, the mukim comprised the following census villages:\n\n\n== Villages ==\n\n\n=== Kampong Piasau-Piasau ===\nOn 28 March 2010, the Temburong District Officer held a meeting with the Women's Bureau and the Piasau-Piasau Majlis Perundingan Kampung (MPK) Youth Bureau to explain more about the Gerakan Pembangunan Kampung (GPK) Project. This GPK project is a continuation of the Excellent Village Award which aims to further mobilize the Women's and Youth Bureaus for each MPK. The Piasau Plantation Project is located in Kampong Piasau-Piasau. The Piasau Plantation Project was started by MPK Piasau-Piasau at the beginning of December 2008. Many obstacles have been faced in planting theLabu is a mukim in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the north of the Temburong District bordering Brunei Bay to the north, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the east, Mukim Batu Apoi to the south, Mukim Bangar to the south-west and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Mukim Labu contains several islands: Pulau Selirong, Pulau Selanjak, Pulau Siarau and Pulau Pituat. Labu has a total area of ; as of 2016, Labu had a total population of 599.Mukim Labu is a mukim in Temburong District, Brunei. It has an area of 292 square kilometres (113 sq mi); the population was 508 in 2021.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe mukim is located in the north of Temburong District, bordering Brunei Bay to the north, Lawas District in the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the east, Mukim Batu Apoi to the south, Mukim Bangar to the south-west and the Malaysian Limbang District to the west. Mukim Labu contains several islands: Pulau Selirong, Pulau Selanjak, Pulau Siarau and Pulau Pituat.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAs of 2021 census, the population was 508 with 53.9% males and 46.1% females. The mukim had 116 households occupying 99 dwellings. The entire population lived in rural",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": " targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, theSoft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | Who was a key personality in the radio sector of the broadcast firm responsible for creating The Biggest Loser: The Final Chance version, located in the nation that houses Labu? | [
{
"id": 377943,
"question": "Labu >> country",
"answer": "Brunei",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 650651,
"question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 7262,
"question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?",
"answer": "Walter Sabo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] | Walter Sabo | [] | true | Who was a prominent figure at the radio division of the broadcasting company that created the version of The Biggest Loser: The Final Chance, set in the country containing Labu? |
3hop1__139862_2053_52946 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx is Bronx County, Brooklyn is Kings County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.\nAll five boroughs came into existence with the creation of modern New York City in 1898, when New York County (then including the Bronx), Kings County, Richmond County, and part of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New York metropolitan area. The term is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all fiveThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Highway to Heaven",
"paragraph_text": "way to Heaven is an American fantasy drama television series that ran on NBC from September 19, 1984, to August 4Highway to Heaven is an American television drama series that ran on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The series aired for five seasons, running a total of 111 episodes. The series starred Michael Landon as Jonathan Smith, and Victor French—-Landon's co-star from \"Little House on the Prairie\"-—as Mark Gordon. Jonathan is an angel who has been stripped of his wings and is now \"on probation\", sent to Earth. He meets Mark, a retired policeman now bouncing from job to job. At first distrustful of Jonathan, Mark comes to realize his true nature and is then given a job: to assist Jonathan in helping troubled people on Earth. Jonathan and Mark are given assignments by \"The Boss\" (i.e. God), where they are required to use their humanity to help various troubled souls overcome their problems.Highway to Heaven is an American television drama series that ran on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The series aired for five seasons, running a total of 111 episodes. The series starred Michael Landon as Jonathan Smith, and Victor French—-Landon's co-star from \"Little House on the Prairie\"-—as Mark Gordon. Jonathan is an angel who has been stripped of his wings and is now \"on probation\", sent to Earth. He meets Mark, a retired policeman now bouncing from job to job. At first distrustful of Jonathan, Mark comes to realize his true nature and is then given a job: to assist Jonathan in helping troubled people on Earth. Jonathan and Mark are given assignments by \"The Boss\" (i.e. God), where they are required to use their humanity to help various troubled souls overcome their problems.Highway to Heaven is an American fantasy drama television series that ran on NBC from September 19, 1984, to August 4, 1989. The series starred its creator and co-director Michael Landon as Jonathan Smith, an angel sent to Earth in order to help people in need. Victor French, Landon's co-star from his previous television series, Little House on the Prairie, co-starred as Mark Gordon, a retired policeman who travels with and helps Smith with the tasks or \"assignments\" to which he is referred. The series was created by Landon, who was the executive producer and also directed most of the show's episodes. French directed many of the remaining episodes. It was Landon's third and final TV series and his only one set in the present day, unlike Little House on the Prairie, and Landon's first TV series, Bonanza, both of which were Westerns. It was the final screen appearance for French, who died two months before the final episode aired, aged 54 years old; Landon went on to appear in two films, one of which",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | When will Celebrity Big Brother be airing on the primary New York-based network, which, in addition to ABC and the network that aired Highway to Heaven, is a key player in broadcasting? | [
{
"id": 139862,
"question": "Who broadcasted Highway to Heaven?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 52946,
"question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2",
"answer": "February 7, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] | February 7, 2018 | [] | true | When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the network which broadcasted Highway to Heaven, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
3hop1__768500_730460_70315 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Marshall Sehorn",
"paragraph_text": "iber and Stoller song \"Kansas City\" topped the US pop and R&B charts in 1959. The following year he secured another chart-topper for the Fire label, when he signed flamboyant New Orleans singer Bobby Marchan, who had a hit with \"There's Something on Your Mind\". He also discovered Lee Dorsey, pairing him with young songwriter and pianist Allen Toussaint, and helped secure hits for Gladys Knight & the Pips and Buster Brown. He ran sessions for the Fire and Fury labels in New Orleans, until the labels collapsed in 1963. He was credited as co-writer on many recordings including \"One Way Out\", which is usually credited to Sehorn and Elmore James.\nSehorn remained in New Orleans after the labels folded, and set up his own music publishing company, Rhinelander Music. He persuaded Toussaint to write new material for Lee Dorsey, which included \"Ride Your Pony\" and \"Working in the Coal Mine\", both of which became international hits. With Toussaint, he founded the Sansu record label, and signed singer Betty Harris. Harris' records for the label, including \"Nearer To You\", were among the first to feature the label's house band, who became The Meters. By the late 1960s, Sehorn and Toussaint had become \"the most influential music-makers in New Orleans\", and built the Sea-Saint Recording Studio in Gentilly. There they recorded such musicians as Dr. John, The Neville Brothers, and Labelle, whose \"Lady Marmalade\" was the studio's biggest hit. The studio also attracted Paul McCartney, whose 1975 Wings album Venus and Mars was largely recorded there.\n\n\n== Legal history ==\nMarshal Sehorn decided in the 1970s to get out of the actual producing and recording of music, and he entered into the licensing end of the business. He started multiple companies, including Blue Dog Express, Red Dog Express and White Dog Records by which he exploited the rights to music, some of which he did not own.\nHe attempted to acquire certain rights to the Chess Records catalogue but MCA Records exercised a superior claim to the titles in the Chess Records catalogue, and sued him for infringement in California. \"In an action brought by MCA, the Los Angeles Superior Court determined that Red Dog and its owner, Marshall Sehorn, never in fact had any rights to the Chess Masters.\" MCA Records pursued another infringer Charly Holdings, Inc. \nSehorn lost, and when he could not pay the judgment, he and his companies declared bankruptcy. The bankruptcy estate started a company called Gulf Coast Music to hold the titles to musicMarshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 – December 5, 2006) was an American A&R man, songwriter, music publisher and entrepreneur who played an important role in the development of R&B and popular music in New Orleans between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly as the business partner of record producer Allen Toussaint.== Early years ==\nHe was born in Concord, North Carolina, and played guitar in local bands while attending North Carolina State University.\n\n\n== Career ==\nAfter graduating, he moved to New York City in 1958, and joined the A&R staff at Bobby Robinson's Fury and Fire record labels as their Southern promotions executive. He soon discovered singer Wilbert Harrison, whose recording of the Leiber and Stoller song \"Kansas City\" topped the US pop and R&B charts in 1959. The following year he secured another chart-topper for the Fire label, when he signed flamboyant New Orleans singer Bobby Marchan, who had a hit with \"There's Something on Your Mind\". He also discovered Lee Dorsey, pairing him with young songwriter and pianist Allen Toussaint, and helped secure hits for Gladys Knight & the Pips and Buster Brown. He ran sessions for the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hurricane Katrina effects by region",
"paragraph_text": " water. Over 50 breaches in region's levee system were catalogued, five of which resulted in massive flooding of New Orleans. The 17th Street Canal levee was just south of the Hammond Highway Bridge. Levees adjacent to London Avenue breached in two locations: one near Robert E. Lee Boulevard and one between Filmore Avenue and Mirabeau Avenue. Two breaches also occurred in the Industrial Canal adjacent to Surekote Road. Levee repair efforts were undertaken, involving reinforcing the levees with 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) sandbags deployed by U.S. Army Chinook and Black Hawk helicopters. The 17th Street Canal levee repair was completed by September 5, 2005 and subsequently, the three canals were repaired all the way to Lake Pontchartrain. The Army Corps of Engineers added flood gates to the three canals.TheBy August 31, eighty percent (80%) of the city of New Orleans was flooded by Hurricane Katrina, with some parts of the city under 20 feet (6.1 m), of water. Over 50 breaches in region's levee system were catalogued, five of which resulted in massive flooding of New Orleans. The 17th Street Canal levee was just south of the Hammond Highway Bridge. Levees adjacent to London Avenue breached in two locations: one near Robert E. Lee Boulevard and one between Filmore Avenue and Mirabeau Avenue. Two breaches also occurred in the Industrial Canal adjacent to Surekote Road. Levee repair efforts were undertaken, involving reinforcing the levees with 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) sandbags deployed by U.S. Army Chinook and Black Hawk helicopters. The 17th Street Canal levee repair was completed by September 5, 2005 and subsequently, the three canals were repaired all the way to Lake Pontchartrain. The Army Corps of Engineers added flood gates to the three canals. 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 127 miles per hour (204 km/h), near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana and a 22-foot storm surge. The eye of the storm passed 27 miles east of downtown New Orleans at 8:30 AM. The primary areas that were affected were southeastern Louisiana, including the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, the parishes of St. Tammany (Slidell), Jefferson (Gretna), Terrebonne (Houma), Plaquemines (Buras), Lafourche (Thibodaux), and St. Bernard (Chalmette).\nAccording to officials nearly one million people were temporarily without electricity in Louisiana for several weeks. On September 1, 2005, 800,000 homes were without electricity. Numerous roadways were flooded or damaged and many evacuations conducted by boat and helicopter.\nApproxBy August 31, eighty percent (80%) of the city of New Orleans was flooded by Hurricane Katrina, with some parts of the city under 20 feet (6.1 m), of water. Over 50 breaches in region's levee system were catalogued, five of which resulted in massive flooding of New Orleans. The 17th Street Canal levee was just south of the Hammond Highway Bridge. Levees adjacent to London Avenue breached in two locations: one near Robert E. Lee Boulevard and one between Filmore Avenue and Mirabeau Avenue. Two breaches also occurred in the Industrial Canal adjacent to Surekote Road. Levee repair efforts were undertaken, involving reinforcing the levees with 3,000 pounds (",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Toussaint (album)",
"paragraph_text": "oussaint (also known as From a Whisper to a Scream in some editions) is a 1971 funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll songs written and arranged by Allen Toussaint unless otherwise indicated.\n\n\"From a Whisper To a Scream\" – 3:27\n\"Chokin' Kind\" (Harlan Howard) – 3:23\n\"Number Nine\" – 3:37\n\"Either\" – 2:52\n\"Sweet Touch of Love\" – 3:20\n\"Working in a Coal Mine\" – 3:13\n\"Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky\" – 3:12\n\"Louie\" – 3:04\n\"What is Success\" – 3:34\n\"Pickles\" – 4:27\n\"Cast Your Fate to the Wind\" (Carel Rowe, Vince Guaraldi)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nAllen Toussaint – piano and vocal\nMac Rebennack – organ and guitar\nTerry Kellman – guitar\nEddie Hohner – bass\nFreddie Staehle – drums\nJohn Boudreaux – drums\nEd Greene – drums\nClyde Kerr - trumpet\nEarl Turbinton - alto saxophone\nFrederic Kemp - tenor saxophone\nMerry Clayton - backing vocals\nVenetta Fields - backing vocals\nDick Smith - artwork\n\n\n== References ==Toussaint (also known as From a Whisper to a Scream in some editions) is a 1971 funkToussaint is a 1971 solo funk, jazz and soul album by Allen Toussaint, his second solo album and his first since the 1950s.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In the birthplace of the performer from Toussaint, where did Katrina strike with the most intensity? | [
{
"id": 768500,
"question": "Toussaint >> performer",
"answer": "Allen Toussaint",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 730460,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 70315,
"question": "where did katrina hit the hardest in #2",
"answer": "the city of New Orleans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] | the city of New Orleans | [
"New Orleans"
] | true | Where did Katrina hit the hardest in the Toussaint performer's birthplace? |
4hop2__161602_474028_88460_21034 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification",
"paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Myanmar has received extensive military aid from China in the past Myanmar has been a member of ASEAN since 1997. Though it gave up its turn to hold the ASEAN chair and host the ASEAN Summit in 2006, it chaired the forum and hosted the summit in 2014. In November 2008, Myanmar's political situation with neighbouring Bangladesh became tense as they began searching for natural gas in a disputed block of the Bay of Bengal. Controversy surrounding the Rohingya population also remains an issue between Bangladesh and Myanmar.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "A Don",
"paragraph_text": " Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and GilA Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province. given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However,",
"is_supporting": true
}
] | In what year did the nation, which serves as a geographical marker between the tournament's location and where A Don is situated, host the ASEAN Conference? | [
{
"id": 161602,
"question": "Who hosted the tournament?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 474028,
"question": "A Don >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 21034,
"question": "What year was #3 the host for the ASEAN conference?",
"answer": "hosted the summit in 2014",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] | hosted the summit in 2014 | [] | true | What year did the country that is the natural boundary between where the tournament was hosted and where A Don is located host the ASEAN Conference? |
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