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[ { "title": "Appendix cancer", "text": "A study of primary malignacies in the United States found a rate of 0.12 cases per 1,000,000 population per year . Carcinoids that were not identified as malignant were not included in this data . Carcinoid is found in roughly 1 in 300 - 400 appendectomies for acute appendicitis . A Hong Kong case series of 1492 appendectomies identified 17 neoplasms . Eight were carcinoids without specification of malignant features . Three cases of adenocarcinoma , and one each of cystadenocarcinoma , pseudomyxoma peritoneii , and metastasic carcinoma were identified . The remaining tumors were benign . Carcinoid tumors are the most common tumors of the appendix .", "sentences": [ "A study of primary malignacies in the United States found a rate of 0.12 cases per 1,000,000 population per year .", "Carcinoids that were not identified as malignant were not included in this data .", "Carcinoid is found in roughly 1 in 300 - 400 appendectomies for acute appendicitis .", "A Hong Kong case series of 1492 appendectomies identified 17 neoplasms .", "Eight were carcinoids without specification of malignant features .", "Three cases of adenocarcinoma , and one each of cystadenocarcinoma , pseudomyxoma peritoneii , and metastasic carcinoma were identified .", "The remaining tumors were benign .", "Carcinoid tumors are the most common tumors of the appendix ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Friedrich Engels", "text": "Jump up ^ Samuel Hollander ( 2011 ) . Friedrich Engels and Marxian Political Economy . Cambridge University Press . p. 358 . ISBN 978 - 1 - 139 - 49844 - 9 .", "sentences": [ "Jump up ^", "Samuel Hollander ( 2011 ) .", "Friedrich Engels and Marxian Political Economy .", "Cambridge University Press .", "p. 358 .", "ISBN 978 - 1 - 139 - 49844 - 9 ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "A Tale of Two Cities", "text": "John Barsad ( real name Solomon Pross ) : An informer in London and later employed by the Marquis St. Evrémonde . When introduced at Charles Darnay 's trial , he is giving damning evidence against the defendant but it becomes clear to the reader that he is an oily , untrustworthy character . Moving to Paris he takes service as a police spy in the Saint Antoine district , under the French monarchy . Following the Revolution , he becomes an agent for Revolutionary France ( at which point he must hide his British identity ) . Although a man of low character , his position as a spy allows him to arrange for Sydney Carton 's final heroic act ( after Carton blackmails him with revealing his duplicity ) . Roger Cly : Barsad 's collaborator in spying and giving questionable testimony . Following his chaotic funeral procession in Book the Second , Chapter 14 , his coffin is dug up by Jerry Cruncher and his fellow Resurrection Men . In Book the Third , Jerry Cruncher reveals that in fact the casket contained only rocks and that Cly was clearly still alive and no doubt carrying on his spying activities . Mr. Stryver : An ambitious barrister , senior partner to Sydney Carton . `` ... a man of little more than thirty , but looking twenty years older than he was , stout , loud , red , bluff , and free from any drawback of delicacy ... '' ; he wants to marry Lucie Manette because he believes that she is attractive enough . However , he is not truly in love with her and in fact treats her condescendingly . Jarvis Lorry gets him to see how unwise this course of action is and talks him out of it . ( Readers frequently misperceive that Stryver 's full name is `` C.J. Stryver '' , but this is very unlikely . The mistake comes from a line in Book the Second , Chapter 12 : `` After trying it , Stryver , C.J. , was satisfied that no plainer case could be . '' The initials C.J. almost certainly refer to a legal title , probably `` chief justice '' or `` circuit judge . '' ) Sydney Carton : A quick - minded but depressed English barrister , known as `` The Jackal '' in legal circles . When introduced , he is a hard - drinking cynic , having watched Stryver advance while never taking advantage of his own considerable gifts : Dickens writes that the sun rose `` upon no sadder sight than the man of good abilities and good emotions , incapable of their directed exercise , incapable of his own help and his own happiness , sensible to the blight on him , and resigning himself to let it eat him away . '' In love with Lucie Manette , she cares about him but more as a concerned mother figure than a potential mate . He ultimately becomes a selfless hero , redeeming everything by sacrificing his life for a worthy cause .", "sentences": [ "John Barsad ( real name Solomon Pross ) : An informer in London and later employed by the Marquis St. Evrémonde .", "When introduced at Charles Darnay 's trial , he is giving damning evidence against the defendant but it becomes clear to the reader that he is an oily , untrustworthy character .", "Moving to Paris he takes service as a police spy in the Saint Antoine district , under the French monarchy .", "Following the Revolution , he becomes an agent for Revolutionary France ( at which point he must hide his British identity ) .", "Although a man of low character , his position as a spy allows him to arrange for Sydney Carton 's final heroic act ( after Carton blackmails him with revealing his duplicity ) .", "Roger Cly : Barsad 's collaborator in spying and giving questionable testimony .", "Following his chaotic funeral procession in Book the Second , Chapter 14 , his coffin is dug up by Jerry Cruncher and his fellow Resurrection Men .", "In Book the Third , Jerry Cruncher reveals that in fact the casket contained only rocks and that Cly was clearly still alive and no doubt carrying on his spying activities .", "Mr. Stryver : An ambitious barrister , senior partner to Sydney Carton .", "`` ... a man of little more than thirty , but looking twenty years older than he was , stout , loud , red , bluff , and free from any drawback of delicacy ... '' ; he wants to marry Lucie Manette because he believes that she is attractive enough .", "However , he is not truly in love with her and in fact treats her condescendingly .", "Jarvis Lorry gets him to see how unwise this course of action is and talks him out of it .", "( Readers frequently misperceive that Stryver 's full name is `` C.J. Stryver '' , but this is very unlikely .", "The mistake comes from a line in Book the Second , Chapter 12 : `` After trying it , Stryver , C.J. , was satisfied that no plainer case could be . ''", "The initials C.J. almost certainly refer to a legal title , probably `` chief justice '' or `` circuit judge . ''", ")", "Sydney Carton : A quick - minded but depressed English barrister , known as `` The Jackal '' in legal circles .", "When introduced , he is a hard - drinking cynic , having watched Stryver advance while never taking advantage of his own considerable gifts : Dickens writes that the sun rose `` upon no sadder sight than the man of good abilities and good emotions , incapable of their directed exercise , incapable of his own help and his own happiness , sensible to the blight on him , and resigning himself to let it eat him away . ''", "In love with Lucie Manette , she cares about him but more as a concerned mother figure than a potential mate .", "He ultimately becomes a selfless hero , redeeming everything by sacrificing his life for a worthy cause ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Impeachment", "text": "The hearing resembles an ordinary trial : both sides may call witnesses and present evidence . At the end of the hearing the lords vote on the verdict , which is decided by a simple majority , one charge at a time . Upon being called , a peer must rise and declare `` guilty , upon my honour '' or `` not guilty , upon my honour '' . After voting on all of the articles has taken place , and if the Lords find the defendant guilty , the Commons may move for judgment ; the Lords may not declare the punishment until the Commons have so moved . The Lords may then decide whatever punishment they find fit , within the law . A royal pardon can not excuse the defendant from trial , but a pardon may reprieve a convicted defendant . However , a pardon can not override a decision to remove the defendant from the public office they hold . History", "sentences": [ "The hearing resembles an ordinary trial : both sides may call witnesses and present evidence .", "At the end of the hearing the lords vote on the verdict , which is decided by a simple majority , one charge at a time .", "Upon being called , a peer must rise and declare `` guilty , upon my honour '' or `` not guilty , upon my honour '' .", "After voting on all of the articles has taken place , and if the Lords find the defendant guilty , the Commons may move for judgment ; the Lords may not declare the punishment until the Commons have so moved .", "The Lords may then decide whatever punishment they find fit , within the law .", "A royal pardon can not excuse the defendant from trial , but a pardon may reprieve a convicted defendant .", "However , a pardon can not override a decision to remove the defendant from the public office they hold .", "History" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Hippocampus", "text": "Over the years , three main ideas of hippocampal function have dominated the literature : response inhibition , episodic memory , and spatial cognition . The behavioral inhibition theory ( caricatured by John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel as `` slam on the brakes ! '' ) was very popular up to the 1960s . It derived much of its justification from two observations : first , that animals with hippocampal damage tend to be hyperactive ; second , that animals with hippocampal damage often have difficulty learning to inhibit responses that they have previously been taught , especially if the response requires remaining quiet as in a passive avoidance test . Jeffrey Gray developed this line of thought into a full - fledged theory of the role of the hippocampus in anxiety . The inhibition theory is currently the least popular of the three .", "sentences": [ "Over the years , three main ideas of hippocampal function have dominated the literature : response inhibition , episodic memory , and spatial cognition .", "The behavioral inhibition theory ( caricatured by John O'Keefe and Lynn Nadel as `` slam on the brakes ! ''", ") was very popular up to the 1960s .", "It derived much of its justification from two observations : first , that animals with hippocampal damage tend to be hyperactive ; second , that animals with hippocampal damage often have difficulty learning to inhibit responses that they have previously been taught , especially if the response requires remaining quiet as in a passive avoidance test .", "Jeffrey Gray developed this line of thought into a full - fledged theory of the role of the hippocampus in anxiety .", "The inhibition theory is currently the least popular of the three ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Acid-fastness", "text": "All Mycobacteria - M. tuberculosis , M. leprae , M. smegmatis and atypical Mycobacterium Actinomycetes ( especially some aerobic ones ) with Mycolic acid in their cell wall ( note Streptomyces do NOT have ) ; not to be confused with Actinomyces , which is a non-acid - fast genera of Actinomycetes Nocardia Rhodococcus Gordonia ( Actinomycete ) Tsukamurella Dietzia Head of sperm Bacterial spores , see Endospore Legionella micdadei Certain cellular inclusions e.g. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies seen in Neurons in layer 5 of cerebral cortex neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis ( Batten disease ) . Nuclear inclusion bodies seen in Lead poisoning Bismuth poisoning . Oocysts of some coccidian parasites in faecal matter , such as : Cryptosporidium parvum , Isospora belli Cyclospora cayetanensis . A few other parasites : Sarcocystis Taenia saginata eggs stain well but Taenia solium eggs do n't ( Can be used to distinguish ) Hydatid cysts , especially their `` hooklets '' stain irregularly with ZN stain but emanate bright red fluorescence under green light , and can aid detection in moderately heavy backgrounds or with scarce hooklets . Fungal yeast forms are inconsistently stained with Acid - fast stain which is considered a narrow spectrum stain for fungi . In a study on acid - fastness of fungi , 60 % of blastomyces and 47 % of histoplasma showed positive cytoplasmic staining of the yeast - like cells , and Cryptococcus or candida did not stain , and very rare staining was seen in Coccidioides endospores .", "sentences": [ "All Mycobacteria - M. tuberculosis , M. leprae , M. smegmatis and atypical Mycobacterium Actinomycetes ( especially some aerobic ones ) with Mycolic acid in their cell wall ( note Streptomyces do NOT have ) ; not to be confused with Actinomyces , which is a non-acid - fast genera of Actinomycetes Nocardia Rhodococcus Gordonia ( Actinomycete )", "Tsukamurella Dietzia Head of sperm Bacterial spores , see Endospore Legionella micdadei Certain cellular inclusions e.g. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies seen in Neurons in layer 5 of cerebral cortex neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis ( Batten disease ) .", "Nuclear inclusion bodies seen in Lead poisoning Bismuth poisoning .", "Oocysts of some coccidian parasites in faecal matter , such as : Cryptosporidium parvum , Isospora belli Cyclospora cayetanensis .", "A few other parasites : Sarcocystis Taenia saginata eggs stain well but Taenia solium eggs do n't ( Can be used to distinguish )", "Hydatid cysts , especially their `` hooklets '' stain irregularly with ZN stain but emanate bright red fluorescence under green light , and can aid detection in moderately heavy backgrounds or with scarce hooklets .", "Fungal yeast forms are inconsistently stained with Acid - fast stain which is considered a narrow spectrum stain for fungi .", "In a study on acid - fastness of fungi , 60 % of blastomyces and 47 % of histoplasma showed positive cytoplasmic staining of the yeast - like cells , and Cryptococcus or candida did not stain , and very rare staining was seen in Coccidioides endospores ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "The Revenant (2015 film)", "text": "Development of The Revenant began in August 2001 , with producer Akiva Goldsman acquiring the rights to Michael Punke 's then - unpublished manuscript . David Rabe had written the film 's script . The production was picked up by Park Chan - wook , with Samuel L. Jackson in mind to star . Park later left the project . The development stalled until 2010 , when Mark L. Smith wrote a new adaptation of the novel for Steve Golin 's Anonymous Content . In May 2010 , Smith revealed that John Hillcoat was attached to direct the film and that Christian Bale was in negotiation to star the movie . Hillcoat left the project in October 2010 . Jean - François Richet was considered to replace him , but Alejandro G. Iñárritu signed on to direct in August 2011 . Goldsman was also confirmed to be producing with Weed Road Pictures . In November , New Regency Productions joined to produce with Anonymous Content , and 20th Century Fox was confirmed to be distributing the film . Days later , Iñárritu stated that he was seeking Leonardo DiCaprio and Sean Penn for the two lead roles . Director", "sentences": [ "Development of The Revenant began in August 2001 , with producer Akiva Goldsman acquiring the rights to Michael Punke 's then - unpublished manuscript .", "David Rabe had written the film 's script .", "The production was picked up by Park Chan - wook , with Samuel L. Jackson in mind to star .", "Park later left the project .", "The development stalled until 2010 , when Mark L. Smith wrote a new adaptation of the novel for Steve Golin 's Anonymous Content .", "In May 2010 , Smith revealed that John Hillcoat was attached to direct the film and that Christian Bale was in negotiation to star the movie .", "Hillcoat left the project in October 2010 .", "Jean - François Richet was considered to replace him , but Alejandro G. Iñárritu signed on to direct in August 2011 .", "Goldsman was also confirmed to be producing with Weed Road Pictures .", "In November , New Regency Productions joined to produce with Anonymous Content , and 20th Century Fox was confirmed to be distributing the film .", "Days later , Iñárritu stated that he was seeking Leonardo DiCaprio and Sean Penn for the two lead roles .", "Director" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Bowen Hills railway station", "text": "Bowen Hills Northbound view from Platform 2 in July 2012 Location Abbotsford Road , Bowen Hills Coordinates 27 ° 26 ′ 43 '' S 153 ° 02 ′ 15 '' E  /  27.4454 ° S 153.0376 ° E  / - 27.4454 ; 153.0376 Coordinates : 27 ° 26 ′ 43 '' S 153 ° 02 ′ 15 '' E  /  27.4454 ° S 153.0376 ° E  / - 27.4454 ; 153.0376 Owned by Queensland Rail Operated by City network Line ( s ) North Coast Ferny Grove Distance 2.66 kilometres from Central Platforms 4 ( 2 islands ) Construction Structure type Ground Disabled access Yes Other information Status Staffed Station code 600005 ( platform 1 ) 600000 ( platform 2 ) 600002 ( platform 3 ) 600007 ( platform 4 ) Fare zone go card 1 Website Queensland Rail History Opened 1973 Electrified Yes Services Preceding station Queensland Rail Following station Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Airport Line Albion toward Domestic Terminal Terminus Beenleigh Line Fortitude Valley toward Beenleigh Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Caboolture Line Eagle Junction toward Caboolture Terminus Cleveland Line Fortitude Valley toward Cleveland Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Doomben Line Albion toward Doomben Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Ferny Grove Line Windsor toward Ferny Grove Terminus Gold Coast Line Fortitude Valley toward Varsity Lakes Terminus Ipswich & Rosewood Line Fortitude Valley toward Rosewood Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Redcliffe Peninsula Line Eagle Junction toward Kippa - Ring Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Shorncliffe Line Albion toward Shorncliffe Terminus Springfield Line Fortitude Valley toward Springfield Central Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Sunshine Coast Line Eagle Junction toward Nambour Northgate toward Gympie North", "sentences": [ "Bowen Hills Northbound view from Platform 2 in July 2012 Location Abbotsford Road , Bowen Hills Coordinates 27 ° 26 ′ 43 ''", "S 153 ° 02 ′ 15 '' E  /  27.4454", "° S 153.0376 °", "E  / - 27.4454 ; 153.0376 Coordinates : 27 ° 26 ′ 43 '' S 153 ° 02 ′ 15 '' E  /  27.4454", "° S 153.0376 °", "E  / - 27.4454 ; 153.0376 Owned by Queensland Rail Operated by City network Line ( s ) North Coast Ferny Grove Distance 2.66 kilometres from Central Platforms 4 ( 2 islands ) Construction Structure type Ground Disabled access Yes Other information Status Staffed Station code 600005 ( platform 1 ) 600000 ( platform 2 ) 600002 ( platform 3 ) 600007 ( platform 4 )", "Fare zone go card 1 Website Queensland Rail History Opened 1973 Electrified Yes Services Preceding station Queensland Rail Following station Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Airport Line Albion toward Domestic Terminal Terminus Beenleigh Line Fortitude Valley toward Beenleigh Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Caboolture Line Eagle Junction toward Caboolture Terminus Cleveland Line Fortitude Valley toward Cleveland Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Doomben Line Albion toward Doomben Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Ferny Grove Line Windsor toward Ferny Grove Terminus Gold Coast Line Fortitude Valley toward Varsity Lakes Terminus Ipswich & Rosewood Line Fortitude Valley toward Rosewood Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Redcliffe Peninsula Line Eagle Junction toward Kippa - Ring Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Shorncliffe Line Albion toward Shorncliffe Terminus Springfield Line Fortitude Valley toward Springfield Central Fortitude Valley toward Roma Street Sunshine Coast Line Eagle Junction toward Nambour Northgate toward Gympie North" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Southern Colonies", "text": "The British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12 , 1733 . The colony was administered by the Georgia Trustees under a charter issued by and named for King George II . The Trustees implemented an elaborate plan for the settlement of the colony , known as the Oglethorpe Plan , which envisioned an agrarian society of Yeoman farmers and prohibited slavery . In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins ' Ear . In 1752 , after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony , the Trustees turned over control to the Crown , and Georgia became a Crown colony , with a governor appointed by the king . The warm climate and swampy lands make it perfect for growing crops such as tobacco , rice , sugarcane , and indigo .", "sentences": [ "The British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12 , 1733 .", "The colony was administered by the Georgia Trustees under a charter issued by and named for King George II .", "The Trustees implemented an elaborate plan for the settlement of the colony , known as the Oglethorpe Plan , which envisioned an agrarian society of Yeoman farmers and prohibited slavery .", "In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins ' Ear .", "In 1752 , after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony , the Trustees turned over control to the Crown , and Georgia became a Crown colony , with a governor appointed by the king .", "The warm climate and swampy lands make it perfect for growing crops such as tobacco , rice , sugarcane , and indigo ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Bible citation", "text": "These things I have spoken to you , so that in Me you may have peace . In the world you have tribulation , but take courage ; I have overcome the world . ( John 16 : 33 NASB ) These things I have spoken to you , so that in Me you may have peace . In the world you have tribulation , but take courage ; I have overcome the world . -- John 16 : 33 NASB", "sentences": [ "These things I have spoken to you , so that in Me you may have peace .", "In the world you have tribulation , but take courage ; I have overcome the world .", "( John 16 : 33 NASB )", "These things I have spoken to you , so that in Me you may have peace .", "In the world you have tribulation , but take courage ; I have overcome the world .", "--", "John 16 : 33 NASB" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Area of a circle", "text": "A r e a ( r ) = ∫ 0 r 2 π t d t = 2 π ( t 2 2 ) 0 r = π r 2 . ( \\ displaystyle ( \\ begin ( aligned ) \\ mathrm ( Area ) ( r ) & ( ) = \\ int _ ( 0 ) ^ ( r ) 2 \\ pi t \\ , dt \\ \\ & ( ) = 2 \\ pi \\ left ( ( \\ frac ( t ^ ( 2 ) ) ( 2 ) ) \\ right ) _ ( 0 ) ^ ( r ) \\ \\ & ( ) = \\ pi r ^ ( 2 ). \\ end ( aligned ) ) )", "sentences": [ "A r e a ( r ) = ∫ 0", "r 2 π t d t = 2 π ( t 2 2 ) 0", "r = π r 2 .", "( \\ displaystyle ( \\ begin ( aligned )", "\\ mathrm ( Area ) ( r ) & ( ) = \\ int _", "( 0 )", "^ ( r ) 2 \\ pi t \\ , dt \\ \\ & ( ) = 2 \\ pi \\ left ( ( \\ frac ( t ^ ( 2 ) )", "( 2 ) )", "\\ right ) _", "( 0 )", "^ ( r )", "\\ \\ & ( ) = \\ pi r", "^", "( 2 ).", "\\ end ( aligned ) ) )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Waltham Watch Company", "text": "In early 1962 , Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) engineers began work on the Apollo navigation system . The engineers ' starting point was MIT 's revolutionary guidance system , which included gyroscopes and instruments for measuring changes in direction . The guidance system was high mechanical technology , like the precision parts in a watch . MIT . engineers , students and staff , led by Dr. Charles Stark Draper , worked closely with the Waltham Watch Company . The MIT team learned how to work with high precision machining while under the operation and direction of military contractor Raytheon Space and Information Systems Division Waltham Operations . Mechanical gyroscopes , spinning with ever - higher precision , very low friction , and very low wear , required the utmost accuracy and absence of even the most minute defect . Nobody had ever tried to manufacture precision instruments that would work with such accuracy before the Waltham team . It is said that the hygiene and cleanliness rules of the team were so strict that women were not allowed to wear makeup and if someone had just come back from a sunny vacation , they were forbidden to work near the assembly area for fear that they could have skin flaking off from their suntans .", "sentences": [ "In early 1962 , Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) engineers began work on the Apollo navigation system .", "The engineers ' starting point was MIT 's revolutionary guidance system , which included gyroscopes and instruments for measuring changes in direction .", "The guidance system was high mechanical technology , like the precision parts in a watch .", "MIT .", "engineers , students and staff , led by Dr. Charles Stark Draper , worked closely with the Waltham Watch Company .", "The MIT team learned how to work with high precision machining while under the operation and direction of military contractor Raytheon Space and Information Systems Division Waltham Operations .", "Mechanical gyroscopes , spinning with ever - higher precision , very low friction , and very low wear , required the utmost accuracy and absence of even the most minute defect .", "Nobody had ever tried to manufacture precision instruments that would work with such accuracy before the Waltham team .", "It is said that the hygiene and cleanliness rules of the team were so strict that women were not allowed to wear makeup and if someone had just come back from a sunny vacation , they were forbidden to work near the assembly area for fear that they could have skin flaking off from their suntans ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "History of the center of the Universe", "text": "On 7 January 1610 Galileo used his telescope , with optics superior to what had been available before . He described `` three fixed stars , totally invisible by their smallness '' , all close to Jupiter , and lying on a straight line through it . Observations on subsequent nights showed that the positions of these `` stars '' relative to Jupiter were changing in a way that would have been inexplicable if they had really been fixed stars . On 10 January Galileo noted that one of them had disappeared , an observation which he attributed to its being hidden behind Jupiter . Within a few days he concluded that they were orbiting Jupiter : Galileo stated that he had reached this conclusion on 11 January . He had discovered three of Jupiter 's four largest satellites ( moons ) . He discovered the fourth on 13 January .", "sentences": [ "On 7 January 1610 Galileo used his telescope , with optics superior to what had been available before .", "He described `` three fixed stars , totally invisible by their smallness '' , all close to Jupiter , and lying on a straight line through it .", "Observations on subsequent nights showed that the positions of these `` stars '' relative to Jupiter were changing in a way that would have been inexplicable if they had really been fixed stars .", "On 10 January Galileo noted that one of them had disappeared , an observation which he attributed to its being hidden behind Jupiter .", "Within a few days he concluded that they were orbiting Jupiter :", "Galileo stated that he had reached this conclusion on 11 January .", "He had discovered three of Jupiter 's four largest satellites ( moons ) .", "He discovered the fourth on 13 January ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "History of the Philippines (1898–1946)", "text": "`` Dated Ermita Headquarters 2nd Division 13 to Gen. Aguinaldo . Commanding Filipino Forces. -- Manila , taken . Serious trouble threatened between our forces . Try and prevent it . Your troops should not force themselves in the city until we have received the full surrender then we will negotiate with you . - Anderson , commanding . ''", "sentences": [ "`` Dated Ermita Headquarters 2nd Division 13 to Gen. Aguinaldo .", "Commanding Filipino Forces.", "--", "Manila , taken .", "Serious trouble threatened between our forces .", "Try and prevent it .", "Your troops should not force themselves in the city until we have received the full surrender then we will negotiate with you .", "-", "Anderson , commanding . ''" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Paterson, New Jersey", "text": "As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 146,199 people , 44,329 households , and 32,715 families residing in the city . The population density was 17,346.3 per square mile ( 6,697.4 / km ) . There were 47,946 housing units at an average density of 5,688.7 per square mile ( 2,196.4 / km ) . The racial makeup of the city was 34.68 % ( 50,706 ) White , 31.68 % ( 46,314 ) Black or African American , 1.06 % ( 1,547 ) Native American , 3.34 % ( 4,878 ) Asian , 0.04 % ( 60 ) Pacific Islander , 23.94 % ( 34,999 ) from other races , and 5.26 % ( 7,695 ) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57.63 % ( 84,254 ) of the population .", "sentences": [ "As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 146,199 people , 44,329 households , and 32,715 families residing in the city .", "The population density was 17,346.3 per square mile ( 6,697.4 / km ) .", "There were 47,946 housing units at an average density of 5,688.7 per square mile ( 2,196.4 / km ) .", "The racial makeup of the city was 34.68 % ( 50,706 ) White , 31.68 % ( 46,314 )", "Black or African American , 1.06 % ( 1,547 ) Native American , 3.34 % ( 4,878 )", "Asian , 0.04 % ( 60 ) Pacific Islander , 23.94 % ( 34,999 ) from other races , and 5.26 % ( 7,695 ) from two or more races .", "Hispanic or Latino of any race were 57.63 % ( 84,254 ) of the population ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "William Hopper", "text": "Year Title Role Notes 1954 Mayor of the Town Girard `` Minnie 's Job '' 1955 Lux Video Theatre Brad Scott `` No Sad Songs for Me '' 1955 Ford Theatre Joe Cramer `` The Mumbys '' 1955 Lux Video Theatre Host `` Perilous Deception '' 1955 Warner Brothers Presents ... Casablanca Wilson Randall `` Labor Camp Escape '' 1956 Fury Sam Wilson `` The Hobo '' ( credited as Bill Hopper ) 1956 The 20th Century Fox Hour Phil Harland `` One Life '' 1956 Gunsmoke John Henry Jordan `` Robin Hood '' 1956 Lux Video Theatre Jim Johanson `` The Star '' 1956 Celebrity Playhouse `` Stagecoach to Paradise '' 1956 The Millionaire Capt . Jonathan Carroll `` Captain Jonathan Carroll '' 1956 Gunsmoke Tasker Sloane `` Unmarked Grave '' 1956 Lux Video Theatre George `` The Top Rung '' 1956 Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre Rick Gordon `` Ten Percent '' 1956 Matinee Theater `` Madame de Treymes '' 1956 Studio 57 Smith `` The Magic Glass '' 1957 Studio 57 Kip `` Mr. November '' 1957 Schlitz Playhouse of Stars Dan Mailer `` The Restless Gun '' ( pilot for TV series ) 1957 The Joseph Cotten Show Arnold Bait `` The Case of the Jealous Bomber '' 1957 -- 1966 Perry Mason Paul Drake 271 episodes", "sentences": [ "Year Title Role Notes 1954 Mayor of the Town Girard `` Minnie 's Job '' 1955", "Lux Video Theatre Brad Scott `` No Sad Songs for Me ''", "1955 Ford Theatre Joe Cramer `` The Mumbys '' 1955 Lux Video Theatre Host `` Perilous Deception '' 1955 Warner Brothers Presents ...", "Casablanca Wilson Randall `` Labor Camp Escape '' 1956 Fury Sam Wilson `` The Hobo '' ( credited as Bill Hopper ) 1956", "The 20th Century Fox Hour Phil Harland `` One Life '' 1956 Gunsmoke John Henry Jordan `` Robin Hood '' 1956 Lux Video Theatre Jim Johanson `` The Star '' 1956 Celebrity Playhouse `` Stagecoach to Paradise '' 1956", "The Millionaire Capt .", "Jonathan Carroll `` Captain Jonathan Carroll '' 1956 Gunsmoke Tasker Sloane `` Unmarked Grave '' 1956 Lux Video Theatre George `` The Top Rung '' 1956 Jane Wyman Presents", "The Fireside Theatre Rick Gordon `` Ten Percent '' 1956 Matinee Theater `` Madame de Treymes '' 1956", "Studio 57 Smith `` The Magic Glass '' 1957", "Studio 57 Kip `` Mr. November '' 1957", "Schlitz Playhouse of Stars Dan Mailer `` The Restless Gun '' ( pilot for TV series ) 1957", "The Joseph Cotten Show Arnold Bait `` The Case of the Jealous Bomber '' 1957 -- 1966 Perry Mason Paul Drake 271 episodes" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Sinoatrial node", "text": "The cells of the SA node are spread out within a mesh of connective tissue , containing nerves , blood vessels , collagen and fat . Immediately surrounding the SA node cells , are paranodal cells . These cells have structures intermediate between that of the SA node cells and the rest of the atrium . The connective tissue , along with the paranodal cells insulate the SA node from the rest of the atrium , preventing the electrical activity of the atrial cells from affecting the SA node cells . The SA node cells are smaller and paler than the surrounding atrial cells , with the average cell being around 8 micrometers in diameter and 20 - 30 micrometers in length ( 1 micrometer = 0.000001 meter ) . Unlike the atrial cells , SA node cells contain fewer mitochondria ( the power plant of the cell ) , fewer myofibers ( the contractile machinery of the cell ) , and a smaller sarcoplasmic reticulum ( a calcium storage organelle that releases calcium for contraction ) . This means that the SA node cells are less equipped to contract compared to the atrial and ventricular cells .", "sentences": [ "The cells of the SA node are spread out within a mesh of connective tissue , containing nerves , blood vessels , collagen and fat .", "Immediately surrounding the SA node cells , are paranodal cells .", "These cells have structures intermediate between that of the SA node cells and the rest of the atrium .", "The connective tissue , along with the paranodal cells insulate the SA node from the rest of the atrium , preventing the electrical activity of the atrial cells from affecting the SA node cells .", "The SA node cells are smaller and paler than the surrounding atrial cells , with the average cell being around 8 micrometers in diameter and 20 - 30 micrometers in length ( 1 micrometer = 0.000001 meter ) .", "Unlike the atrial cells , SA node cells contain fewer mitochondria ( the power plant of the cell ) , fewer myofibers ( the contractile machinery of the cell ) , and a smaller sarcoplasmic reticulum ( a calcium storage organelle that releases calcium for contraction ) .", "This means that the SA node cells are less equipped to contract compared to the atrial and ventricular cells ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "Amidst speculation of a rift between Dempsey and Pompeo , and the show runner Rhimes , Dempsey maintained his stance of leaving in a `` very good '' place with his co-star of ten years . In an interview with Entertainment Weekly , Dempsey explained that if his exit had been a result of a conflict with the production team , it would have had happened at the end of the tenth season , when his previous contract had expired . He added that though the death of the character might be viewed as a surprising decision , he `` ( liked ) the way it has all played out . '' On his relationships with Pompeo , he said : `` it 's beautiful . We 're like a married couple ( it has been ) 10 years , and it was magic from the beginning '' He also thanked his fans for supporting him throughout the show 's run in a post on Twitter . Rhimes asserted on the importance of Dempsey 's character in the statement she released at his departure :", "sentences": [ "Amidst speculation of a rift between Dempsey and Pompeo , and the show runner Rhimes , Dempsey maintained his stance of leaving in a `` very good '' place with his co-star of ten years .", "In an interview with Entertainment Weekly , Dempsey explained that if his exit had been a result of a conflict with the production team , it would have had happened at the end of the tenth season , when his previous contract had expired .", "He added that though the death of the character might be viewed as a surprising decision , he `` ( liked ) the way it has all played out . ''", "On his relationships with Pompeo , he said : `` it 's beautiful .", "We 're like a married couple ( it has been ) 10 years , and it was magic from the beginning ''", "He also thanked his fans for supporting him throughout the show 's run in a post on Twitter .", "Rhimes asserted on the importance of Dempsey 's character in the statement she released at his departure :" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 6)", "text": "Still psychologically scarred , the girls plan to attend school , but only Hanna shows up . Instead of going to school , Aria focuses on Andrew by trying to figure out who he really is . Emily tries to connect with Sara , resulting in her staying home with her . Spencer confronts Alison about her conversation with her father as she believes he lied to Ali . She confronts Jason , who confirms to have had an imaginary friend named Charlie . Hanna , on the other hand , wants to bring the four friends back together so they can move past what has happened . She manages to convince them to a session with Dr. Sullivan , but at the office , ' A ' sends a video threatening to stab Sara if the girls do n't leave . After trying to talk to a furious Andrew , after he is released from custody , the girls realize that they did n't hurt each other in the dollhouse , as they had thought , but that Charles wanted to prove to them that they would hurt each other if it came down to it . Alison and Jason confront their father about Charles and he finally tells them the truth about the boy as ' A ' is seen looking through the window to the DiLaurentis ' living room .", "sentences": [ "Still psychologically scarred , the girls plan to attend school , but only Hanna shows up .", "Instead of going to school , Aria focuses on Andrew by trying to figure out who he really is .", "Emily tries to connect with Sara , resulting in her staying home with her .", "Spencer confronts Alison about her conversation with her father as she believes he lied to Ali .", "She confronts Jason , who confirms to have had an imaginary friend named Charlie .", "Hanna , on the other hand , wants to bring the four friends back together so they can move past what has happened .", "She manages to convince them to a session with Dr. Sullivan , but at the office , ' A ' sends a video threatening to stab Sara if the girls do n't leave .", "After trying to talk to a furious Andrew , after he is released from custody , the girls realize that they did n't hurt each other in the dollhouse , as they had thought , but that Charles wanted to prove to them that they would hurt each other if it came down to it .", "Alison and Jason confront their father about Charles and he finally tells them the truth about the boy as ' A ' is seen looking through the window to the DiLaurentis ' living room ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Baskin-Robbins", "text": "By 1948 , Burt and Irv had opened six stores . The first franchise covering the sale of ice cream was executed May 20 , 1948 , for the store at 1130 South Adams in Glendale ( Store # 1 ) . In 1949 , the company 's production facility opened in Burbank . Burt and Irv made the decision to sell the stores to the managers . In 1953 , Baskin - Robbins hired Carson - Roberts Advertising who recommended adoption of the number 31 as well as the pink ( cherry ) and brown ( chocolate ) polka dots and typeface that were reminiscent of the circus . The first store that adopted the new 31 look was 804 North Glendale Ave. in Glendale , California in March 1953 . Between 1949 and 1962 , the corporate firm was Huntington Ice Cream Company . The name succeeded The Baskin - Robbins Partnership and was eventually changed back to Baskin - Robbins , Inc. on November 26 , 1962 . Baskin - Robbins was owned by its founders until it was acquired in 1967 ( just prior to Burt Baskin 's death ) by the United Brands Company ( United Fruit ) . In the 1970s , the chain went international , opening stores in Japan , Saudi Arabia , South Korea , and Australia . Baskin - Robbins also was the first to introduce ice cream cakes to the public . A", "sentences": [ "By 1948 , Burt and Irv had opened six stores .", "The first franchise covering the sale of ice cream was executed May 20 , 1948 , for the store at 1130 South Adams in Glendale ( Store # 1 ) .", "In 1949 , the company 's production facility opened in Burbank .", "Burt and Irv made the decision to sell the stores to the managers .", "In 1953 , Baskin - Robbins hired Carson - Roberts Advertising who recommended adoption of the number 31 as well as the pink ( cherry ) and brown ( chocolate ) polka dots and typeface that were reminiscent of the circus .", "The first store that adopted the new 31 look was 804 North Glendale Ave.", "in Glendale , California in March 1953 .", "Between 1949 and 1962 , the corporate firm was Huntington Ice Cream Company .", "The name succeeded The Baskin - Robbins Partnership and was eventually changed back to Baskin - Robbins , Inc. on November 26 , 1962 .", "Baskin - Robbins was owned by its founders until it was acquired in 1967 ( just prior to Burt Baskin 's death ) by the United Brands Company ( United Fruit ) .", "In the 1970s , the chain went international , opening stores in Japan , Saudi Arabia , South Korea , and Australia .", "Baskin - Robbins also was the first to introduce ice cream cakes to the public .", "A" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Brittany", "text": "Brittany , apart from some areas such as Lorient , Nantes and Saint - Nazaire , has never been heavily industrialised . Today , fishing and agriculture remain important activities . Brittany has more than 40,000 agricultural exploitations , mostly oriented towards cattle , pig and poultry breeding , and cereals and vegetables production . The number of exploitations tends to diminish , but as a result , they are merged into very large estates . Brittany is the first producer in France for vegetables ( green beans , onions , artichokes , potatoes , tomatoes ... ) . Cereals are mostly grown for cattle feeding . Wine , especially muscadet , is made in a small region south of Nantes . Brittany is the first region in France for fishing . The activity employs around 9,000 people , and more than 60 firms work in fish and seafood processing . A", "sentences": [ "Brittany , apart from some areas such as Lorient , Nantes and Saint - Nazaire , has never been heavily industrialised .", "Today , fishing and agriculture remain important activities .", "Brittany has more than 40,000 agricultural exploitations , mostly oriented towards cattle , pig and poultry breeding , and cereals and vegetables production .", "The number of exploitations tends to diminish , but as a result , they are merged into very large estates .", "Brittany is the first producer in France for vegetables ( green beans , onions , artichokes , potatoes , tomatoes ... ) .", "Cereals are mostly grown for cattle feeding .", "Wine , especially muscadet , is made in a small region south of Nantes .", "Brittany is the first region in France for fishing .", "The activity employs around 9,000 people , and more than 60 firms work in fish and seafood processing .", "A" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Where Are Ü Now", "text": "As The New York Times writer Jon Pareles recalled , `` They reversed the original order of the verses . They took the lone a cappella vocal track they had from Mr. Bieber , cut it to stutter certain words in the introduction , and pitched it higher and lower in various parts of the song , allowing Mr. Bieber to answer himself from below and harmonize above . They toyed with dance beats , keyboard chords and bass lines -- thickening the song and then thinning it again . They concocted sounds that were determinedly different from standard dance - club fare ; what seems like a snare drum , for instance , is actually a tweaked version of an Indian tabla . '' `` Where Are Ü Now '' was released as the duo 's second single from their debut album , Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü ( 2015 ) on February 27 , 2015 , and was later released as a bonus track on Bieber 's fourth studio album , Purpose ( 2015 ) . The original version , titled `` The Most '' , was also released as a bonus track on the Japanese version of Purpose .", "sentences": [ "As The New York Times writer Jon Pareles recalled , `` They reversed the original order of the verses .", "They took the lone a cappella vocal track they had from Mr. Bieber , cut it to stutter certain words in the introduction , and pitched it higher and lower in various parts of the song , allowing Mr. Bieber to answer himself from below and harmonize above .", "They toyed with dance beats , keyboard chords and bass lines -- thickening the song and then thinning it again .", "They concocted sounds that were determinedly different from standard dance - club fare ; what seems like a snare drum , for instance , is actually a tweaked version of an Indian tabla . ''", "`` Where Are Ü Now '' was released as the duo 's second single from their debut album , Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü ( 2015 ) on February 27 , 2015 , and was later released as a bonus track on Bieber 's fourth studio album , Purpose ( 2015 ) .", "The original version , titled `` The Most '' , was also released as a bonus track on the Japanese version of Purpose ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Florida Keys", "text": "The Florida Keys have taken their present form as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages . Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet ( 7.5 m ) above the current level . All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea . Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau , stretching south and then west from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas . This reef formed the Key Largo limestone that is exposed on the surface from Soldier Key ( midway between Key Biscayne and Elliott Key ) to the southeast portion of Big Pine Key and the Newfound Harbor Keys . The types of coral that formed Key Largo limestone can be identified on the exposed surface of these keys .", "sentences": [ "The Florida Keys have taken their present form as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages .", "Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet ( 7.5 m ) above the current level .", "All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea .", "Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau , stretching south and then west from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas .", "This reef formed the Key Largo limestone that is exposed on the surface from Soldier Key ( midway between Key Biscayne and Elliott Key ) to the southeast portion of Big Pine Key and the Newfound Harbor Keys .", "The types of coral that formed Key Largo limestone can be identified on the exposed surface of these keys ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Ryukyu Islands", "text": "Some articles of 1187 of the Azuma Kagami state that Ata Tadakage of Satsuma Province fled to Kikai Island ( 貴 海島 , Kikaishima ) sometime around 1160 . The Azuma Kagami also states that in 1188 Minamoto no Yoritomo , who soon became the shōgun , dispatched troops to pacify Kikai Island ( 貴 賀 井島 , Kikaishima ) . It was noted that the imperial court objected the military expedition claiming that it was beyond Japan 's administration . The Tale of the Heike ( 13th century ) depicted Kikai Island ( 鬼 界 島 , Kikaishima ) , where Shunkan , Taira no Yasuyori , and Fujiwara no Naritsune were exiled following the Shishigatani Incident of 1177 . The island depicted , characterized by sulfur , is identified as Iōjima of the Ōsumi Islands , which is part of Kikai Caldera . Since China 's invention of gunpowder made sulfur Japan 's major export , Sulfur Island or Iōgashima became another representative of the southern islands . It is noted by scholars that the character representing the first syllable of Kikai changed from ki ( 貴 , noble ) to ki ( 鬼 , ogre ) from the end of the 12th century to the early 13th century .", "sentences": [ "Some articles of 1187 of the Azuma Kagami state that Ata Tadakage of Satsuma Province fled to Kikai Island ( 貴 海島 , Kikaishima ) sometime around 1160 .", "The Azuma Kagami also states that in 1188 Minamoto no Yoritomo , who soon became the shōgun , dispatched troops to pacify Kikai Island ( 貴 賀 井島 , Kikaishima ) .", "It was noted that the imperial court objected the military expedition claiming that it was beyond Japan 's administration .", "The Tale of the Heike ( 13th century ) depicted Kikai Island ( 鬼 界 島 , Kikaishima ) , where Shunkan , Taira no Yasuyori , and Fujiwara no Naritsune were exiled following the Shishigatani Incident of 1177 .", "The island depicted , characterized by sulfur , is identified as Iōjima of the Ōsumi Islands , which is part of Kikai Caldera .", "Since China 's invention of gunpowder made sulfur Japan 's major export , Sulfur Island or Iōgashima became another representative of the southern islands .", "It is noted by scholars that the character representing the first syllable of Kikai changed from ki ( 貴 , noble ) to ki ( 鬼 , ogre ) from the end of the 12th century to the early 13th century ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Covering: The Hidden Assault on Our Civil Rights", "text": "While in Oxford , Yoshino had fallen in love . The person he loved was not a woman . He had to tell his dad this . He then came out to his mom . Though they were both supportive , he knew that this was not what they wanted . Passing is best defined through the `` Do n't ask , do n't tell '' policy , which has been in effect since the Congress and the Department of Defense put it in place in 1993 . Rather than trying to change a gay person 's perspective and likings , they would just ignore the fact that a person was gay . The shift from conversion to passing was gradual and did not necessary represent an advance in society 's acceptance of homosexuals , because of their overlapping . Passing was an act that his parents demonstrated . Though they accepted the fact that Kenji was gay , it was not something talked about , and more ignored from their thought of their son .", "sentences": [ "While in Oxford , Yoshino had fallen in love .", "The person he loved was not a woman .", "He had to tell his dad this .", "He then came out to his mom .", "Though they were both supportive , he knew that this was not what they wanted .", "Passing is best defined through the `` Do n't ask , do n't tell '' policy , which has been in effect since the Congress and the Department of Defense put it in place in 1993 .", "Rather than trying to change a gay person 's perspective and likings , they would just ignore the fact that a person was gay .", "The shift from conversion to passing was gradual and did not necessary represent an advance in society 's acceptance of homosexuals , because of their overlapping .", "Passing was an act that his parents demonstrated .", "Though they accepted the fact that Kenji was gay , it was not something talked about , and more ignored from their thought of their son ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Kuwait Scientific Center", "text": "This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) An", "sentences": [ "This article does not cite any sources .", "Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources .", "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed .", "( April 2014 )", "( Learn how and when to remove this template message )", "An" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "World Health Organization", "text": "Each region has a Regional Committee , which generally meets once a year , normally in the autumn . Representatives attend from each member or associative member in each region , including those states that are not fully recognized . For example , Palestine attends meetings of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional office . Each region also has a regional office . Each Regional Office is headed by a Regional Director , who is elected by the Regional Committee . The Board must approve such appointments , although as of 2004 , it had never over-ruled the preference of a regional committee . The exact role of the board in the process has been a subject of debate , but the practical effect has always been small . Since 1999 , Regional Directors serve for a once - renewable five - year term .", "sentences": [ "Each region has a Regional Committee , which generally meets once a year , normally in the autumn .", "Representatives attend from each member or associative member in each region , including those states that are not fully recognized .", "For example , Palestine attends meetings of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional office .", "Each region also has a regional office .", "Each Regional Office is headed by a Regional Director , who is elected by the Regional Committee .", "The Board must approve such appointments , although as of 2004 , it had never over-ruled the preference of a regional committee .", "The exact role of the board in the process has been a subject of debate , but the practical effect has always been small .", "Since 1999 , Regional Directors serve for a once - renewable five - year term ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of The Land Before Time characters", "text": "A Liopleurodon , dubbed a Sharptooth Swimmer , appears in The Land Before Time IX : Journey to Big Water . A resident of the Big Water , it is stranded in a body of water in the Great Valley after a large rainstorm . It then tries to eat Littlefoot and the gang , but it becomes trapped in a cave after an earthquake . After getting free , it relentlessly pursues the gang into the Mysterious Beyond , where they encounter it again . The Liopleurodon is lured away by Mo , who is apparently eaten by it , much to Littlefoot 's distress . However , they find Mo safe and sound , and he tells the gang of how he managed to hide from the Liopleurodon , after which it sensed the Big Water was nearby and swam away back to its home .", "sentences": [ "A Liopleurodon , dubbed a Sharptooth Swimmer , appears in The Land Before Time IX : Journey to Big Water .", "A resident of the Big Water , it is stranded in a body of water in the Great Valley after a large rainstorm .", "It then tries to eat Littlefoot and the gang , but it becomes trapped in a cave after an earthquake .", "After getting free , it relentlessly pursues the gang into the Mysterious Beyond , where they encounter it again .", "The Liopleurodon is lured away by Mo , who is apparently eaten by it , much to Littlefoot 's distress .", "However , they find Mo safe and sound , and he tells the gang of how he managed to hide from the Liopleurodon , after which it sensed the Big Water was nearby and swam away back to its home ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Finances of the British royal family", "text": "In 2017 , the Paradise Papers revealed that the Duchy held investments in two offshore financial centres , the Cayman Islands and Bermuda . Both are British Overseas Territories of which Queen Elizabeth II is monarch , and nominally appoints governors . Britain handles foreign policy for both islands to a large extent , but Bermuda has been self - governing since 1620 . The Duchy 's investments included First Quench Retailing off - licences and rent - to - own retailer BrightHouse . Labour Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn posited that the Queen should apologize , saying anyone with money offshore for tax avoidance should `` not just apologise for it , ( but ) recognise what it does to our society '' . A spokesman for the Duchy said that all of their investments are audited and legitimate and that the Queen voluntarily pays taxes on income she receives from Duchy investments .", "sentences": [ "In 2017 , the Paradise Papers revealed that the Duchy held investments in two offshore financial centres , the Cayman Islands and Bermuda .", "Both are British Overseas Territories of which Queen Elizabeth II is monarch , and nominally appoints governors .", "Britain handles foreign policy for both islands to a large extent , but Bermuda has been self - governing since 1620 .", "The Duchy 's investments included First Quench Retailing off - licences and rent - to - own retailer BrightHouse .", "Labour Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn posited that the Queen should apologize , saying anyone with money offshore for tax avoidance should `` not just apologise for it , ( but ) recognise what it does to our society '' .", "A spokesman for the Duchy said that all of their investments are audited and legitimate and that the Queen voluntarily pays taxes on income she receives from Duchy investments ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Congress of Vienna", "text": "Congress Secretary Friedrich von Gentz reported , `` The intervention of Talleyrand and Labrador has hopelessly upset all our plans . Talleyrand protested against the procedure we have adopted and soundly ( be ) rated us for two hours . It was a scene I shall never forget . '' The embarrassed representatives of the Allies replied that the document concerning the protocol they had arranged actually meant nothing . `` If it means so little , why did you sign it ? '' snapped Labrador .", "sentences": [ "Congress Secretary Friedrich von Gentz reported , `` The intervention of Talleyrand and Labrador has hopelessly upset all our plans .", "Talleyrand protested against the procedure we have adopted and soundly ( be ) rated us for two hours .", "It was a scene I shall never forget . ''", "The embarrassed representatives of the Allies replied that the document concerning the protocol they had arranged actually meant nothing .", "`` If it means so little , why did you sign it ? ''", "snapped Labrador ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Mission San Rafael Arcángel", "text": "Mission San Rafael Arcángel The reconstructed capilla ( chapel ) of Mission San Rafael Arcángel is to the right of Saint Raphael 's Church . Location of Mission San Rafael Arcángel in California Location 1104 5th Avenue San Rafael , California 94901 - 2916 Coordinates 37 ° 58 ′ 27.6 '' N 122 ° 31 ′ 40.5 '' W  /  37.974333 ° N 122.527917 ° W  / 37.974333 ; - 122.527917 Coordinates : 37 ° 58 ′ 27.6 '' N 122 ° 31 ′ 40.5 '' W  /  37.974333 ° N 122.527917 ° W  / 37.974333 ; - 122.527917 Name as founded La Misión del Gloriosísimo Príncipe San Rafael , Arcángel English translation The Mission of the Glorious Prince , Archangel Saint Raphael Patron The Glorious Prince Saint Raphael , Archangel Nickname ( s ) `` Mission of Bodily Healing '' Founding date December 14 , 1817 Founding priest ( s ) Father Vicente Francisco de Sarría Founding Order Twentieth Military district Fourth Native place name ( s ) ' Anaguani Baptisms 1,821 Marriages 519 Burials 652 Secularized 1834 Returned to the Church 1855 Governing body Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco Current use Chapel / Museum California Historical Landmark Reference no . 220 Website http://saintraphael.com", "sentences": [ "Mission San Rafael Arcángel The reconstructed capilla ( chapel ) of Mission San Rafael Arcángel is to the right of Saint Raphael 's Church .", "Location of Mission San Rafael Arcángel in California Location 1104 5th", "Avenue San Rafael , California 94901 - 2916 Coordinates 37 ° 58 ′ 27.6 ''", "N 122 ° 31", "′ 40.5 ''", "W  /  37.974333 °", "N 122.527917 °", "W  / 37.974333 ; - 122.527917 Coordinates : 37 ° 58 ′ 27.6 ''", "N 122 ° 31", "′ 40.5 ''", "W  /  37.974333 °", "N 122.527917 °", "W  / 37.974333 ; - 122.527917 Name as founded La Misión del Gloriosísimo Príncipe San Rafael , Arcángel English translation The Mission of the Glorious Prince , Archangel Saint Raphael Patron", "The Glorious Prince Saint Raphael , Archangel Nickname ( s ) `` Mission of Bodily Healing '' Founding date December 14 , 1817 Founding priest ( s ) Father Vicente Francisco de Sarría Founding Order Twentieth Military district Fourth Native place name ( s ) '", "Anaguani Baptisms 1,821 Marriages 519 Burials 652 Secularized 1834 Returned to the Church 1855 Governing body Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco Current use Chapel / Museum California Historical Landmark Reference no .", "220 Website http://saintraphael.com" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Alien vs. Predator (film)", "text": "Third scale miniatures several meters in height were created to give the film the effect of realism , rather than relying on computer generated imagery ( CGI ) . For the whaling station miniatures and life - sized sets , over 700 bags of artificial snow were used ( roughly 15 -- 20 tons ) . A 4.5 - meter miniature of an icebreaker with working lights and a mechanical moving radar was created , costing almost $37,000 and taking 10 weeks to create . Visual effects producer Arthur Windus , claimed miniatures were beneficial in the filming process : `` With computer graphics , you need to spend a lot of time making it real . With a miniature , you shoot it and its there . '' A scale 25 - meter miniature of the whaling station was created in several months . It was designed so the model could be collapsed and then reconstructed , which proved beneficial for a six - second shot which required a re-shoot .", "sentences": [ "Third scale miniatures several meters in height were created to give the film the effect of realism , rather than relying on computer generated imagery ( CGI ) .", "For the whaling station miniatures and life - sized sets , over 700 bags of artificial snow were used ( roughly 15 -- 20 tons ) .", "A 4.5 - meter miniature of an icebreaker with working lights and a mechanical moving radar was created , costing almost $37,000 and taking 10 weeks to create .", "Visual effects producer Arthur Windus , claimed miniatures were beneficial in the filming process : `` With computer graphics , you need to spend a lot of time making it real .", "With a miniature , you shoot it and its there . ''", "A scale 25 - meter miniature of the whaling station was created in several months .", "It was designed so the model could be collapsed and then reconstructed , which proved beneficial for a six - second shot which required a re-shoot ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Monarchy of the United Kingdom", "text": "David II died childless in 1371 and was succeeded by his nephew Robert II of the House of Stuart . The reigns of both Robert II and his successor , Robert III , were marked by a general decline in royal power . When Robert III died in 1406 , regents had to rule the country ; the monarch , Robert III 's son James I , had been taken captive by the English . Having paid a large ransom , James returned to Scotland in 1424 ; to restore his authority , he used ruthless measures , including the execution of several of his enemies . He was assassinated by a group of nobles . James II continued his father 's policies by subduing influential noblemen but he was killed in an accident at the age of thirty , and a council of regents again assumed power . James III was defeated in a battle against rebellious Scottish earls in 1488 , leading to another boy - king : James IV .", "sentences": [ "David II died childless in 1371 and was succeeded by his nephew Robert II of the House of Stuart .", "The reigns of both Robert II and his successor , Robert III , were marked by a general decline in royal power .", "When Robert III died in 1406 , regents had to rule the country ; the monarch , Robert III 's son James I , had been taken captive by the English .", "Having paid a large ransom , James returned to Scotland in 1424 ; to restore his authority , he used ruthless measures , including the execution of several of his enemies .", "He was assassinated by a group of nobles .", "James II continued his father 's policies by subduing influential noblemen but he was killed in an accident at the age of thirty , and a council of regents again assumed power .", "James III was defeated in a battle against rebellious Scottish earls in 1488 , leading to another boy - king : James IV ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Matterhorn", "text": "Routes Start Time of ascent Difficulty Ridges Hörnli Hörnli Hut 6 hours AD+ / III+ Zmutt Hörnli Hut ( or Schönbiel Hut ) 7 hours ( 10 hours ) D / IV Lion Carrel Hut 5 hours AD+ / III Furggen Bivacco Bossi 7 hours TD / V+ Faces North Hörnli Hut 14 hours TD / V West Schönbiel Hut 12 hours TD / V+ South Rifugio Duca degli Abruzzi 15 hours TD+ / V+ East Hörnli Hut 14 hours TD", "sentences": [ "Routes Start Time of ascent Difficulty Ridges Hörnli Hörnli Hut 6 hours AD+ /", "III+ Zmutt Hörnli Hut ( or Schönbiel Hut ) 7 hours ( 10 hours )", "D / IV Lion Carrel Hut 5 hours AD+", "/ III Furggen Bivacco Bossi 7 hours TD / V+ Faces North Hörnli Hut 14 hours TD / V West Schönbiel Hut 12 hours TD / V+ South Rifugio Duca degli Abruzzi 15 hours", "TD+ /", "V+ East Hörnli Hut 14 hours TD" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Causes of the Great Depression", "text": "Building on both the monetary hypothesis of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz as well as the debt deflation hypothesis of Irving Fisher , Ben Bernanke developed an alternative way in which the financial crisis affected output . He builds on Fisher 's argument that dramatic declines in the price level and nominal incomes lead to increasing real debt burdens which in turn leads to debtor insolvency and consequently leads to lowered aggregate demand , a further decline in the price level then results in a debt deflationary spiral . According to Bernanke , a small decline in the price level simply reallocates wealth from debtors to creditors without doing damage to the economy . But when the deflation is severe falling asset prices along with debtor bankruptcies lead to a decline in the nominal value of assets on bank balance sheets . Banks will react by tightening their credit conditions , that in turn leads to a credit crunch which does serious harm to the economy . A credit crunch lowers investment and consumption and results in declining aggregate demand which additionally contributes to the deflationary spiral .", "sentences": [ "Building on both the monetary hypothesis of Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz as well as the debt deflation hypothesis of Irving Fisher , Ben Bernanke developed an alternative way in which the financial crisis affected output .", "He builds on Fisher 's argument that dramatic declines in the price level and nominal incomes lead to increasing real debt burdens which in turn leads to debtor insolvency and consequently leads to lowered aggregate demand , a further decline in the price level then results in a debt deflationary spiral .", "According to Bernanke , a small decline in the price level simply reallocates wealth from debtors to creditors without doing damage to the economy .", "But when the deflation is severe falling asset prices along with debtor bankruptcies lead to a decline in the nominal value of assets on bank balance sheets .", "Banks will react by tightening their credit conditions , that in turn leads to a credit crunch which does serious harm to the economy .", "A credit crunch lowers investment and consumption and results in declining aggregate demand which additionally contributes to the deflationary spiral ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "History of calendars", "text": "For chronological purposes , the flaw of the Anno Domini system was that dates have to be reckoned backwards or forwards according as they are BC or AD . According to the Catholic Encyclopedia , `` in an ideally perfect system all events would be reckoned in one sequence . The difficulty was to find a starting point whence to reckon , for the beginnings of history in which this should naturally be placed are those of which chronologically we know least . '' For both Christians and Jews , the prime historical date was the Year of Creation , or Annus Mundi . The Eastern Orthodox Church fixed the date of Creation at 5509 BC . This remained the basis of the ecclesiastical calendar in the Greek and Russian Orthodox world until modern times . The Coptic Church fixed on 5500 BC . Later , the Church of England , under Archbishop Ussher in 1650 , would pick 4004 BC .", "sentences": [ "For chronological purposes , the flaw of the Anno Domini system was that dates have to be reckoned backwards or forwards according as they are BC or AD .", "According to the Catholic Encyclopedia , `` in an ideally perfect system all events would be reckoned in one sequence .", "The difficulty was to find a starting point whence to reckon , for the beginnings of history in which this should naturally be placed are those of which chronologically we know least . ''", "For both Christians and Jews , the prime historical date was the Year of Creation , or Annus Mundi .", "The Eastern Orthodox Church fixed the date of Creation at 5509 BC .", "This remained the basis of the ecclesiastical calendar in the Greek and Russian Orthodox world until modern times .", "The Coptic Church fixed on 5500 BC .", "Later , the Church of England , under Archbishop Ussher in 1650 , would pick 4004 BC ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Go-fast boat", "text": "This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( November 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) A", "sentences": [ "This article needs additional citations for verification .", "Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources .", "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed .", "( November 2009 )", "( Learn how and when to remove this template message )", "A" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Peripheral chemoreceptors", "text": "Transferring the signal to the medulla requires that neurotransmitter be released from the vesicles in the type I cells , and as with many other neural cells , this is triggered by an influx of calcium into the cell after membrane depolarization . The process of identifying signal transduction in interoceptors such as the peripheral chemoreceptors requires moving backward from membrane depolarization to discover the previous steps , often internal to the cell , that transduces blood chemicals to a neural signal . Up to this point , most research agrees that membrane depolarization is caused by inhibition of potassium channels that otherwise maintain the resting potential . As to the step before potassium channel inhibition , many mechanisms are proposed , none of which receive unanimous support from the research community . Multiple types of potassium channels respond to hypoxia , with significant differences between different species , and a number of different types for each species . Expression of potassium channels also changes throughout the lifetime . Some studies propose that heme - oxygenase 2 is the transducer ; however , since its deletion in mice does not affect chemoreceptor oxygen sensitivity , this hypothesis is open to question . Another enzyme , AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) , provides a mechanism that could apply not only to all types of potassium channels , but also other oxygen - sensing tissues in the body , such as pulmonary vasculature and neonatal chromaffin cells . AMPK is an enzyme activated by an increase in the AMP : ATP ratio resulting from increasing cellular respiration . Once activated , the enzyme promotes production of ATP and suppresses reactions that consume it . AMPK activation is also a more appealing candidate because it can activate both of the two most common types of potassium channels . Another study identified that AMPK opens and closes potassium channels via phosphorylation , further underlining the link between the two . The role of AMPK in oxygen sensing in type - 1 cells has however also recently been called into question .", "sentences": [ "Transferring the signal to the medulla requires that neurotransmitter be released from the vesicles in the type I cells , and as with many other neural cells , this is triggered by an influx of calcium into the cell after membrane depolarization .", "The process of identifying signal transduction in interoceptors such as the peripheral chemoreceptors requires moving backward from membrane depolarization to discover the previous steps , often internal to the cell , that transduces blood chemicals to a neural signal .", "Up to this point , most research agrees that membrane depolarization is caused by inhibition of potassium channels that otherwise maintain the resting potential .", "As to the step before potassium channel inhibition , many mechanisms are proposed , none of which receive unanimous support from the research community .", "Multiple types of potassium channels respond to hypoxia , with significant differences between different species , and a number of different types for each species .", "Expression of potassium channels also changes throughout the lifetime .", "Some studies propose that heme - oxygenase 2 is the transducer ; however , since its deletion in mice does not affect chemoreceptor oxygen sensitivity , this hypothesis is open to question .", "Another enzyme , AMP - activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) , provides a mechanism that could apply not only to all types of potassium channels , but also other oxygen - sensing tissues in the body , such as pulmonary vasculature and neonatal chromaffin cells .", "AMPK is an enzyme activated by an increase in the AMP : ATP ratio resulting from increasing cellular respiration .", "Once activated , the enzyme promotes production of ATP and suppresses reactions that consume it .", "AMPK activation is also a more appealing candidate because it can activate both of the two most common types of potassium channels .", "Another study identified that AMPK opens and closes potassium channels via phosphorylation , further underlining the link between the two .", "The role of AMPK in oxygen sensing in type - 1 cells has however also recently been called into question ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Great Barrier Reef", "text": "The problems that surround ecotourism in the Great Barrier Reef revolve around permanent tourism platforms . Platforms are large , ship - like vessels that act as a base for tourists while scuba diving and snorkelling in the Great Barrier Reef . Seabirds will land on the platforms and defecate which will eventually be washed into the sea . The feces carry nitrogen , phosphorus and often DDT and mercury , which cause aspergillosis , yellow - band disease , and black band disease . Areas without tourism platforms have 14 out of 9,468 ( 1.1 % ) diseased corals versus areas with tourism platforms that have 172 out of 7,043 ( 12 % ) diseased corals . Tourism is a major economic activity for the region . Thus , while non-permanent platforms could be possible in some areas , overall , permanent platforms are likely a necessity . Solutions have been suggested to siphon bird waste into gutters connecting to tanks helping lower runoff that causes coral disease .", "sentences": [ "The problems that surround ecotourism in the Great Barrier Reef revolve around permanent tourism platforms .", "Platforms are large , ship - like vessels that act as a base for tourists while scuba diving and snorkelling in the Great Barrier Reef .", "Seabirds will land on the platforms and defecate which will eventually be washed into the sea .", "The feces carry nitrogen , phosphorus and often DDT and mercury , which cause aspergillosis , yellow - band disease , and black band disease .", "Areas without tourism platforms have 14 out of 9,468 ( 1.1 % ) diseased corals versus areas with tourism platforms that have 172 out of 7,043 ( 12 % ) diseased corals .", "Tourism is a major economic activity for the region .", "Thus , while non-permanent platforms could be possible in some areas , overall , permanent platforms are likely a necessity .", "Solutions have been suggested to siphon bird waste into gutters connecting to tanks helping lower runoff that causes coral disease ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "A Deeper Understanding", "text": "No . Title Length 1 . `` Up All Night '' 6 : 23 2 . `` Pain '' 5 : 30 3 . `` Holding On '' ( Granduciel , Robbie Bennett ) 5 : 50 4 . `` Strangest Thing '' 6 : 41 5 . `` Knocked Down '' 3 : 59 6 . `` Nothing to Find '' 6 : 10 7 . `` Thinking of a Place '' 11 : 10 8 . `` In Chains '' 7 : 20 9 . `` Clean Living '' 6 : 28 10 . `` You Do n't Have to Go '' 6 : 42 Total length : 66 : 13", "sentences": [ "No .", "Title Length 1 .", "`` Up All Night '' 6 : 23 2 .", "`` Pain '' 5 : 30 3 .", "`` Holding On '' ( Granduciel , Robbie Bennett )", "5 : 50 4 .", "`` Strangest Thing '' 6 : 41 5 .", "`` Knocked Down '' 3 : 59 6 .", "`` Nothing to Find '' 6 : 10 7 .", "`` Thinking of a Place '' 11 : 10 8 .", "`` In Chains '' 7 : 20 9 .", "`` Clean Living '' 6 : 28 10 .", "`` You Do n't Have to Go '' 6 : 42 Total length : 66 : 13" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Surface finishing", "text": "Also known as a mirror finish . This finish is produced by polishing with at least a 320 grit belt or wheel finish . Care will be taken in making sure all surface defects are removed . The part is sisal buffed and then color buffed to achieve a mirror finish . The quality of this finish is dependent on the quality of the metal being polished . Some alloys of steel and aluminum can not be brought to a mirror finish . Castings that have slag or pits will also be difficult , if not impossible , to polish to a # 8 .", "sentences": [ "Also known as a mirror finish .", "This finish is produced by polishing with at least a 320 grit belt or wheel finish .", "Care will be taken in making sure all surface defects are removed .", "The part is sisal buffed and then color buffed to achieve a mirror finish .", "The quality of this finish is dependent on the quality of the metal being polished .", "Some alloys of steel and aluminum can not be brought to a mirror finish .", "Castings that have slag or pits will also be difficult , if not impossible , to polish to a # 8 ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of The Big Bang Theory characters", "text": "Howard lives in Altadena with his domineering , belittling , and unseen mother , who treats him like a child . While he sometimes expresses irritation at this treatment , for the most part , he appears to prefer it . Howard dotes on his mother and participates in many of her daily routines . A recurring gimmick in the series is Howard and his mother communicating with each other from different rooms by yelling , a habit which Bernadette also adopts in later episodes . His father left them when he was 11 , and Howard gets visibly distressed when the subject comes up . Howard fancies himself a ladies ' man and attempts pick - up lines whenever a woman is present , which often come off as inappropriate and disgusting , although he has dropped this habit since he started going out with Bernadette . He is Jewish , but he is not very serious about his faith , and does not keep kosher . However , he does observe the Sabbath and the Jewish holidays .", "sentences": [ "Howard lives in Altadena with his domineering , belittling , and unseen mother , who treats him like a child .", "While he sometimes expresses irritation at this treatment , for the most part , he appears to prefer it .", "Howard dotes on his mother and participates in many of her daily routines .", "A recurring gimmick in the series is Howard and his mother communicating with each other from different rooms by yelling , a habit which Bernadette also adopts in later episodes .", "His father left them when he was 11 , and Howard gets visibly distressed when the subject comes up .", "Howard fancies himself a ladies ' man and attempts pick - up lines whenever a woman is present , which often come off as inappropriate and disgusting , although he has dropped this habit since he started going out with Bernadette .", "He is Jewish , but he is not very serious about his faith , and does not keep kosher .", "However , he does observe the Sabbath and the Jewish holidays ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Certified teacher", "text": "Professeurs des écoles : Primary education teachers . They pass the CRPE competitive exam . Professeurs certifiés : high school , mainly junior high , teachers . They hold the CAPES ( certificate for teaching in secondary education ) or the CAPET ( certificate for teaching in technological education ) . Professeurs de l'enseignement privé : private schools teachers . They hold the CAFEP ( certificate for teaching in private secondary education ) . Professeurs de lycées professionnels : vocational high schools teachers . They hold the CAPLP ( certificate for teaching in vocational high schools ) . Professeurs de l'enseignement physique et sportif : sport teachers . They hold the CAPEPS ( certificate for teaching sport education ) . Professeurs agrégés : high school teachers who may also teach in post-high school programs ( e.g. university and `` classes preparatoires aux grandes ecoles '' preparatory program to prepare students to take competitive exam to enter in engineer or business school ) . They pass the Agrégation very competitive exam . A very prestigious title , often required for applying at academic positions . They represent a minority in high schools .", "sentences": [ "Professeurs des écoles : Primary education teachers .", "They pass the CRPE competitive exam .", "Professeurs certifiés : high school , mainly junior high , teachers .", "They hold the CAPES ( certificate for teaching in secondary education ) or the CAPET ( certificate for teaching in technological education ) .", "Professeurs de l'enseignement privé : private schools teachers .", "They hold the CAFEP ( certificate for teaching in private secondary education ) .", "Professeurs de lycées professionnels : vocational high schools teachers .", "They hold the CAPLP ( certificate for teaching in vocational high schools ) .", "Professeurs de l'enseignement physique et sportif : sport teachers .", "They hold the CAPEPS ( certificate for teaching sport education ) .", "Professeurs agrégés : high school teachers who may also teach in post-high school programs ( e.g. university and `` classes preparatoires aux grandes ecoles '' preparatory program to prepare students to take competitive exam to enter in engineer or business school ) .", "They pass the Agrégation very competitive exam .", "A very prestigious title , often required for applying at academic positions .", "They represent a minority in high schools ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Peninsular War", "text": "With Ney on leave , Jean Gabriel Marchand assumed command of the VI Corps , based at Salamanca . The corps had been forced out of Galicia earlier in 1809 and had been involved in the operations in the aftermath of the Battle of Talavera in July . After hard campaigning and a lack of reinforcements , VI Corps was in a poor condition to fight and Marchand 's talents were not equal to those of Ney . Del Parque advanced from Ciudad Rodrigo in late September with the divisions of La Carrera , Losada , Belveder , and Anglona . Marchand , overconfident and scornful of his Spanish adversaries , advanced on the village of Tamames , 56 kilometres ( 35 mi ) southwest of Salamanca . In the Battle of Tamames on 18 October 1809 , the French suffered an embarrassing defeat . The French lost 1,400 killed and wounded out of 14,000 soldiers and 14 guns . Spanish casualties were 700 out of 21,500 men and 18 cannons . After the battle , Del Parque was joined by Ballesteros ' division , giving him 30,000 troops . As the Spanish advanced , Marchand abandoned Salamanca and Del Parque 's men occupied the city on 25 October .", "sentences": [ "With Ney on leave , Jean Gabriel Marchand assumed command of the VI Corps , based at Salamanca .", "The corps had been forced out of Galicia earlier in 1809 and had been involved in the operations in the aftermath of the Battle of Talavera in July .", "After hard campaigning and a lack of reinforcements , VI Corps was in a poor condition to fight and Marchand 's talents were not equal to those of Ney .", "Del Parque advanced from Ciudad Rodrigo in late September with the divisions of La Carrera , Losada , Belveder , and Anglona .", "Marchand , overconfident and scornful of his Spanish adversaries , advanced on the village of Tamames , 56 kilometres ( 35 mi ) southwest of Salamanca .", "In the Battle of Tamames on 18 October 1809 , the French suffered an embarrassing defeat .", "The French lost 1,400 killed and wounded out of 14,000 soldiers and 14 guns .", "Spanish casualties were 700 out of 21,500 men and 18 cannons .", "After the battle , Del Parque was joined by Ballesteros ' division , giving him 30,000 troops .", "As the Spanish advanced , Marchand abandoned Salamanca and Del Parque 's men occupied the city on 25 October ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Economy of Scotland", "text": "From 1790 the chief industry in the west of Scotland became textiles , especially the spinning and weaving of cotton . This flourished until the American Civil War in 1861 cut off the supplies of raw cotton ; the industry never recovered . However , by that time Scotland had developed heavy industries based on its coal and iron resources . The invention of the hot blast for smelting iron ( 1828 ) had revolutionised the iron industry , and Scotland became a centre for engineering , shipbuilding , and locomotive construction . Toward the end of the 19th century steel production largely replaced iron production . Emigrant Andrew Carnegie ( 1835 -- 1919 ) built the American steel industry , and spent much of his time and philanthropy in Scotland . Agriculture gained after the union , and standards remained high . However the adoption of free trade in mid-19th century brought cheap American corn which undersold local farmers . The industrial developments , while they brought work and wealth , were so rapid that housing , town planning , and provision for public health did not keep pace with them , and for a time living conditions in some of the towns were notoriously bad .", "sentences": [ "From 1790 the chief industry in the west of Scotland became textiles , especially the spinning and weaving of cotton .", "This flourished until the American Civil War in 1861 cut off the supplies of raw cotton ; the industry never recovered .", "However , by that time Scotland had developed heavy industries based on its coal and iron resources .", "The invention of the hot blast for smelting iron ( 1828 ) had revolutionised the iron industry , and Scotland became a centre for engineering , shipbuilding , and locomotive construction .", "Toward the end of the 19th century steel production largely replaced iron production .", "Emigrant Andrew Carnegie ( 1835 -- 1919 ) built the American steel industry , and spent much of his time and philanthropy in Scotland .", "Agriculture gained after the union , and standards remained high .", "However the adoption of free trade in mid-19th century brought cheap American corn which undersold local farmers .", "The industrial developments , while they brought work and wealth , were so rapid that housing , town planning , and provision for public health did not keep pace with them , and for a time living conditions in some of the towns were notoriously bad ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (car)", "text": "A replica car , built by retired NYPD police Sergeant , Tony Garofalo , of Long Island , New York , was completed in June 2015 after a 5 - year project build at a cost of over $100,000 . The car is modelled in exacting detail to the original motion picture car , after Garofalo conducted a personal inspection of two original Chitty Chitty Bang Bang cars . Built on a vintage , road legal , 1914 Overland car , and a vintage Ford Model A Engine , the car features automated opening retractable wings and vintage brass adornments . All of the bright work featured is brass , aluminum , stainless steel and copper to prevent any corrosion over time . It is reported that over 90 % of the car has been fabricated , although the original vintage chassis , drivetrain and rear axle have been retained , with an additional conversion to 12 volts . The car is finely detailed with all of the iconic brass features of the original movie car , including a vintage serpent snake horn from an antique Mercedes vehicle . Garofalo also owns the original Broadway Stage Production Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car featured in the U.S. Stage tour , as well as a costume worn by Dick Van Dyke in the film .", "sentences": [ "A replica car , built by retired NYPD police Sergeant , Tony Garofalo , of Long Island , New York , was completed in June 2015 after a 5 - year project build at a cost of over $100,000 .", "The car is modelled in exacting detail to the original motion picture car , after Garofalo conducted a personal inspection of two original Chitty Chitty Bang Bang cars .", "Built on a vintage , road legal , 1914 Overland car , and a vintage Ford Model A Engine , the car features automated opening retractable wings and vintage brass adornments .", "All of the bright work featured is brass , aluminum , stainless steel and copper to prevent any corrosion over time .", "It is reported that over 90 % of the car has been fabricated , although the original vintage chassis , drivetrain and rear axle have been retained , with an additional conversion to 12 volts .", "The car is finely detailed with all of the iconic brass features of the original movie car , including a vintage serpent snake horn from an antique Mercedes vehicle .", "Garofalo also owns the original Broadway Stage Production Chitty Chitty Bang Bang car featured in the U.S. Stage tour , as well as a costume worn by Dick Van Dyke in the film ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Seafloor spreading", "text": "In the general case , sea floor spreading starts as a rift in a continental land mass , similar to the Red Sea - East Africa Rift System today . The process starts by heating at the base of the continental crust which causes it to become more plastic and less dense . Because less dense objects rise in relation to denser objects , the area being heated becomes a broad dome ( see isostasy ) . As the crust bows upward , fractures occur that gradually grow into rifts . The typical rift system consists of three rift arms at approximately 120 degree angles . These areas are named triple junctions and can be found in several places across the world today . The separated margins of the continents evolve to form passive margins . Hess ' theory was that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge .", "sentences": [ "In the general case , sea floor spreading starts as a rift in a continental land mass , similar to the Red Sea - East Africa Rift System today .", "The process starts by heating at the base of the continental crust which causes it to become more plastic and less dense .", "Because less dense objects rise in relation to denser objects , the area being heated becomes a broad dome ( see isostasy ) .", "As the crust bows upward , fractures occur that gradually grow into rifts .", "The typical rift system consists of three rift arms at approximately 120 degree angles .", "These areas are named triple junctions and can be found in several places across the world today .", "The separated margins of the continents evolve to form passive margins .", "Hess ' theory was that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Concordat of Worms", "text": "In the period immediately after 1000 , two figures appeared to lead Western Christendom , the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor . Antagonism between the two dominated the next century . After the death of Pope Sylvester II in 1003 , the papacy fell under the influence of the nobility in Latium , and then after 1046 , under the influence of the German emperors . The reality for the west in the Middle Ages was not only the fact that government was split up into small particles but also the fact that vertical and horizontal powers were entangled . People in the Middle Ages did not always know to which of the many lords , the Church and the individual churches , the towns , princes , and kings , they were subordinate . This can be observed in the complexity even at the administrative and judicial level in the jurisdictional conflicts that fill mediaeval history .", "sentences": [ "In the period immediately after 1000 , two figures appeared to lead Western Christendom , the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor .", "Antagonism between the two dominated the next century .", "After the death of Pope Sylvester II in 1003 , the papacy fell under the influence of the nobility in Latium , and then after 1046 , under the influence of the German emperors .", "The reality for the west in the Middle Ages was not only the fact that government was split up into small particles but also the fact that vertical and horizontal powers were entangled .", "People in the Middle Ages did not always know to which of the many lords , the Church and the individual churches , the towns , princes , and kings , they were subordinate .", "This can be observed in the complexity even at the administrative and judicial level in the jurisdictional conflicts that fill mediaeval history ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Australian permanent resident", "text": "Few limitations on employment in Australia . Some job opportunities , largely federal governmental work , require citizenship as opposed to permanent residence . The right to apply for Australian citizenship after fulfilling some criteria . For permanent residents accepted under the humanitarian program and enrolled in a Commonwealth supported place , the right to defer payment of their student contribution under the HECS - HELP scheme . The right to sponsor relatives for permanent residence , subject to fulfilling residence criteria and assurance of support requirements . Children born inside Australia will be Australian citizens by birth . The right to access medical and social security benefits , though there is a 2 - year waiting period for some benefits . The right to travel to New Zealand without applying for a New Zealand visa . ( This right is granted by the New Zealand government . ) Unrestricted rights to live , work and study in New Zealand . ( This right is granted by the New Zealand government . )", "sentences": [ "Few limitations on employment in Australia .", "Some job opportunities , largely federal governmental work , require citizenship as opposed to permanent residence .", "The right to apply for Australian citizenship after fulfilling some criteria .", "For permanent residents accepted under the humanitarian program and enrolled in a Commonwealth supported place , the right to defer payment of their student contribution under the HECS - HELP scheme .", "The right to sponsor relatives for permanent residence , subject to fulfilling residence criteria and assurance of support requirements .", "Children born inside Australia will be Australian citizens by birth .", "The right to access medical and social security benefits , though there is a 2 - year waiting period for some benefits .", "The right to travel to New Zealand without applying for a New Zealand visa .", "( This right is granted by the New Zealand government . )", "Unrestricted rights to live , work and study in New Zealand .", "( This right is granted by the New Zealand government . )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Operon", "text": "Polycistronic operon Regulatory sequence Regulatory sequence Enhancer Enhancer / silencer / silencer Operator Promoter 5'UTR ORF ORF UTR 3'UTR Start Start Stop Stop Terminator Transcription DNA RBS RBS Protein coding region Protein coding region mRNA Translation Protein The structure of a prokaryotic operon of protein - coding genes . Regulatory sequence controls when expression occurs for the multiple protein coding regions ( red ) . Promoter , operator and enhancer regions ( yellow ) regulate the transcription of the gene into an mRNA . The mRNA untranslated regions ( blue ) regulate translation into the final protein products .", "sentences": [ "Polycistronic operon Regulatory sequence Regulatory sequence Enhancer Enhancer / silencer / silencer Operator Promoter 5'UTR", "ORF", "ORF UTR 3'UTR Start Start Stop Stop", "Terminator Transcription DNA RBS RBS Protein coding region Protein coding region mRNA Translation Protein", "The structure of a prokaryotic operon of protein - coding genes .", "Regulatory sequence controls when expression occurs for the multiple protein coding regions ( red ) .", "Promoter , operator and enhancer regions ( yellow ) regulate the transcription of the gene into an mRNA .", "The mRNA untranslated regions ( blue ) regulate translation into the final protein products ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Christianity in Africa", "text": "At the beginning of the 3rd century the church in Alexandria expanded rapidly , with five new suffragan bishoprics . At this time , the Bishop of Alexandria began to be called Pope , as the senior bishop in Egypt . In the middle of the 3rd century the church in Egypt suffered severely in the persecution under the Emperor Decius . Many Christians fled from the towns into the desert . When the persecution died down , however , some remained in the desert as hermits to pray . This was the beginning of Christian monasticism , which over the following years spread from Africa to other parts of the Gohar , and Europe through France and Ireland .", "sentences": [ "At the beginning of the 3rd century the church in Alexandria expanded rapidly , with five new suffragan bishoprics .", "At this time , the Bishop of Alexandria began to be called Pope , as the senior bishop in Egypt .", "In the middle of the 3rd century the church in Egypt suffered severely in the persecution under the Emperor Decius .", "Many Christians fled from the towns into the desert .", "When the persecution died down , however , some remained in the desert as hermits to pray .", "This was the beginning of Christian monasticism , which over the following years spread from Africa to other parts of the Gohar , and Europe through France and Ireland ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of Liverpool F.C. records and statistics", "text": "9 Chambers , Harry Harry Chambers 1915 -- 1928 135 ! 135 ( 315 ) 16 ! 16 ( 28 ) 00 ! 0 ( 0 ) 00 ! 0 ( 1 ) 151 ! 151 ( 339 )", "sentences": [ "9 Chambers , Harry Harry Chambers 1915 -- 1928 135 !", "135 ( 315 ) 16 !", "16 ( 28 ) 00 ! 0", "( 0 ) 00 ! 0", "( 1 ) 151 !", "151 ( 339 )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Internet privacy", "text": "Evercookies , created by Samy Kamkar , are JavaScript - based applications which produce cookies in a web browser that actively `` resist '' deletion by redundantly copying themselves in different forms on the user 's machine ( e.g. , Flash Local Shared Objects , various HTML5 storage mechanisms , window.name caching , etc . ) , and resurrecting copies that are missing or expired . Evercookie accomplishes this by storing the cookie data in several types of storage mechanisms that are available on the local browser . It has the ability to store cookies in over ten types of storage mechanisms so that once they are on one 's computer they will never be gone . Additionally , if evercookie has found the user has removed any of the types of cookies in question , it recreates them using each mechanism available . Evercookies are one type of zombie cookie . However , modern browsers and anti-malware software can now block or detect and remove such cookies . Anti-fraud", "sentences": [ "Evercookies , created by Samy Kamkar , are JavaScript - based applications which produce cookies in a web browser that actively `` resist '' deletion by redundantly copying themselves in different forms on the user 's machine ( e.g. , Flash Local Shared Objects , various HTML5 storage mechanisms , window.name caching , etc . ) , and resurrecting copies that are missing or expired .", "Evercookie accomplishes this by storing the cookie data in several types of storage mechanisms that are available on the local browser .", "It has the ability to store cookies in over ten types of storage mechanisms so that once they are on one 's computer they will never be gone .", "Additionally , if evercookie has found the user has removed any of the types of cookies in question , it recreates them using each mechanism available .", "Evercookies are one type of zombie cookie .", "However , modern browsers and anti-malware software can now block or detect and remove such cookies .", "Anti-fraud" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers", "text": "The film explores the armies of Middle - earth . John Howe was the basic designer of the forces of evil . The Uruk - hai were the first army approved by Jackson , and Howe also designed a special crossbow for the characters , one without the redundancy of opening to reload , the realization of a 15th - century manuscript . Also created were 100 Elven suits of armour , with emphasis on Autumnal colours due to the theme of Elves leaving Middle - earth . 250 suits were made for the Rohirrim . The Rohan designs were based on Germanic and Anglo - Saxon patterns . Most of the weapons were designed by John Howe , and forged by Peter Lyon . Each sword took 3 -- 6 days to make .", "sentences": [ "The film explores the armies of Middle - earth .", "John Howe was the basic designer of the forces of evil .", "The Uruk - hai were the first army approved by Jackson , and Howe also designed a special crossbow for the characters , one without the redundancy of opening to reload , the realization of a 15th - century manuscript .", "Also created were 100 Elven suits of armour , with emphasis on Autumnal colours due to the theme of Elves leaving Middle - earth .", "250 suits were made for the Rohirrim .", "The Rohan designs were based on Germanic and Anglo - Saxon patterns .", "Most of the weapons were designed by John Howe , and forged by Peter Lyon .", "Each sword took 3 -- 6 days to make ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of Young & Hungry episodes", "text": "Josh 's younger brother Jake ( Jayson Blair ) , who has had trouble keeping a career goal in the past , decides he wants be a chef . Josh asks that Gabi let Jake learn from her , despite the fact that Gabi is tasked with the responsibility of making the appetizers for Alan and Elliot 's wedding . Gabi and Jake soon fall for each other , with Josh once again questioning his romantic feelings for Gabi . Elliot becomes annoyed at Alan deciding every aspect of the wedding . Yolanda loses Elliot 's wedding ring . Jake forgoes Josh 's insistence on going to a prestigious culinary arts school and spends the money instead on a food truck for himself and Gabi , much to Josh 's chagrin .", "sentences": [ "Josh 's younger brother Jake ( Jayson Blair ) , who has had trouble keeping a career goal in the past , decides he wants be a chef .", "Josh asks that Gabi let Jake learn from her , despite the fact that Gabi is tasked with the responsibility of making the appetizers for Alan and Elliot 's wedding .", "Gabi and Jake soon fall for each other , with Josh once again questioning his romantic feelings for Gabi .", "Elliot becomes annoyed at Alan deciding every aspect of the wedding .", "Yolanda loses Elliot 's wedding ring .", "Jake forgoes Josh 's insistence on going to a prestigious culinary arts school and spends the money instead on a food truck for himself and Gabi , much to Josh 's chagrin ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "History of tennis", "text": "Name change 1881 : U.S. National Championship 1968 : U.S. Open Surface change 1881 : Grass 1975 : Clay Har - Tru 1978 : Hard DecoTurf Venue change ( men 's championship ) 1881 : Newport 1915 : Forest Hills 1921 : Germantown 1924 : Forest Hills 1978 : Flushing Meadows", "sentences": [ "Name change 1881 :", "U.S. National Championship 1968 :", "U.S. Open Surface change 1881 :", "Grass 1975 :", "Clay Har - Tru 1978 :", "Hard DecoTurf Venue change ( men 's championship ) 1881 :", "Newport 1915 :", "Forest Hills 1921 : Germantown 1924 :", "Forest Hills 1978 : Flushing Meadows" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of Dragon Ball Super episodes", "text": "Goku begins acting strangely . He admits to Gohan and Goten that he thinks someone wants to kill him . Meanwhile , in Universe Six , Hit carries out an assassination mission by killing a crime boss . His next target is revealed to be Goku . Goku senses Hit coming and flies to a remote area so that their fight would not put anyone else in danger . Hit arrives to kill Goku . Goku charges at Hit , but he can not hit him . Hit seemingly kills Goku with a single blow to the chest and disappears just before Piccolo , Gohan , and Goten arrive and find Goku 's body .", "sentences": [ "Goku begins acting strangely .", "He admits to Gohan and Goten that he thinks someone wants to kill him .", "Meanwhile , in Universe Six , Hit carries out an assassination mission by killing a crime boss .", "His next target is revealed to be Goku .", "Goku senses Hit coming and flies to a remote area so that their fight would not put anyone else in danger .", "Hit arrives to kill Goku .", "Goku charges at Hit , but he can not hit him .", "Hit seemingly kills Goku with a single blow to the chest and disappears just before Piccolo , Gohan , and Goten arrive and find Goku 's body ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution", "text": "Legislative Writes and enacts laws Enacts taxes , authorizes borrowing , and sets the budget Has sole power to declare war May start investigations , especially against the executive branch The Senate considers presidential appointments of judges and executive department heads The Senate ratifies treaties The House of Representatives may impeach , and the Senate may remove , executive and judicial officers Creates federal courts except for the Supreme Court , and sets the number of justices on the Supreme Court May override presidential vetoes Executive May veto laws Vice president presides over the Senate Wages war at the direction of Congress ( Congress makes the rules for the military ) Makes decrees or declarations ( for example , declaring a state of emergency ) and promulgates lawful regulations and executive orders Influences other branches of its agenda with the State of the Union address . Appoints judges and executive department heads Has power to grant pardons to convicted persons , except in cases of impeachment Executes and enforces orders of the court through federal law enforcement . Judicial Determines which laws Congress intended to apply to any given case Determines whether a law is unconstitutional . ( The power of judicial review is not expressly granted in the Constitution , but was held by the judiciary to be implicit in the constitutional structure in Marbury v. Madison ( 1803 ) . ) Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes Determines how a law acts to determine the disposition of prisoners Determines how a law acts to compel testimony and the production of evidence Determines how laws should be interpreted to assure uniform policies in a top - down fashion via the appeals process , but gives discretion in individual cases to low - level judges . ( The amount of discretion depends upon the standard of review , determined by the type of case in question . ) Polices its own members", "sentences": [ "Legislative Writes and enacts laws Enacts taxes , authorizes borrowing , and sets the budget Has sole power to declare war May start investigations , especially against the executive branch The Senate considers presidential appointments of judges and executive department heads The Senate ratifies treaties The House of Representatives may impeach , and the Senate may remove , executive and judicial officers Creates federal courts except for the Supreme Court , and sets the number of justices on the Supreme Court May override presidential vetoes Executive May veto laws Vice president presides over the Senate Wages war at the direction of Congress ( Congress makes the rules for the military ) Makes decrees or declarations ( for example , declaring a state of emergency ) and promulgates lawful regulations and executive orders Influences other branches of its agenda with the State of the Union address .", "Appoints judges and executive department heads Has power to grant pardons to convicted persons , except in cases of impeachment Executes and enforces orders of the court through federal law enforcement .", "Judicial Determines which laws Congress intended to apply to any given case Determines whether a law is unconstitutional .", "( The power of judicial review is not expressly granted in the Constitution , but was held by the judiciary to be implicit in the constitutional structure in Marbury v. Madison ( 1803 ) . )", "Determines how Congress meant the law to apply to disputes Determines how a law acts to determine the disposition of prisoners Determines how a law acts to compel testimony and the production of evidence Determines how laws should be interpreted to assure uniform policies in a top - down fashion via the appeals process , but gives discretion in individual cases to low - level judges .", "( The amount of discretion depends upon the standard of review , determined by the type of case in question . )", "Polices its own members" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "2018 Commonwealth Games", "text": "( show ) CGF Code Country Athletes AUS Australia 469 ENG England 390 CAN Canada 282 NZL New Zealand 251 SCO Scotland 226 IND India 216 WAL Wales 213 RSA South Africa 194 MAS Malaysia 177 KEN Kenya 136 JAM Jamaica 106 FIJ Fiji 96 NIR Northern Ireland 90 NGR Nigeria 88 SRI Sri Lanka 79 GHA Ghana 71 UGA Uganda 69 SIN Singapore 59 PAK Pakistan 56 PNG Papua New Guinea MRI Mauritius 54 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 51 CYP Cyprus 46 BAR Barbados 45 CMR Cameroon 40 SAM Samoa 38 ZAM Zambia 36 JEY Jersey 33 BAH Bahamas 31 GGY Guernsey IOM Isle of Man NAM Namibia 28 BOT Botswana 26 MOZ Mozambique SEY Seychelles 25 MLT Malta 24 SLE Sierra Leone BAN Bangladesh 23 GUY Guyana GIB Gibraltar 22 CAY Cayman Islands 21 LES Lesotho 20 SVG Saint Vincent and the Grenadines MAW Malawi 19 NIU Niue COK Cook Islands 18 NFI Norfolk Island VAN Vanuatu ANT Antigua and Barbuda 17 RWA Rwanda NRU Nauru 16 FAI Falkland Islands 15 TAN Tanzania GRN Grenada 14 KIR Kiribati SOL Solomon Islands DMA Dominica 13 LCA Saint Lucia TGA Tonga AIA Anguilla 12 BIZ Belize IVB British Virgin Islands 10 SWZ Swaziland SHN Saint Helena 9 BER Bermuda 8 BRU Brunei MNT Montserrat 7 SKN Saint Kitts and Nevis TCA Turks and Caicos Islands TUV Tuvalu GAM The Gambia 6", "sentences": [ "( show )", "CGF Code Country Athletes AUS Australia 469 ENG England 390 CAN Canada 282 NZL New Zealand 251", "SCO Scotland 226 IND India 216 WAL Wales 213 RSA South Africa 194", "MAS Malaysia 177 KEN Kenya 136 JAM Jamaica 106 FIJ Fiji 96 NIR Northern Ireland 90 NGR Nigeria 88 SRI Sri Lanka 79 GHA Ghana 71 UGA Uganda 69 SIN Singapore 59 PAK Pakistan 56 PNG Papua New Guinea MRI Mauritius 54 TTO Trinidad and Tobago 51 CYP Cyprus 46 BAR Barbados 45 CMR Cameroon 40 SAM Samoa 38 ZAM Zambia 36 JEY Jersey 33 BAH Bahamas 31", "GGY Guernsey IOM Isle of Man NAM Namibia 28 BOT Botswana 26 MOZ Mozambique SEY Seychelles 25 MLT Malta 24 SLE Sierra Leone BAN Bangladesh 23 GUY Guyana GIB Gibraltar 22 CAY Cayman Islands 21 LES Lesotho 20 SVG Saint Vincent and the Grenadines MAW Malawi 19", "NIU Niue COK Cook Islands 18 NFI Norfolk Island VAN Vanuatu ANT Antigua and Barbuda 17 RWA Rwanda NRU", "Nauru 16 FAI Falkland Islands 15 TAN Tanzania GRN Grenada 14 KIR Kiribati SOL Solomon Islands DMA Dominica 13 LCA Saint Lucia TGA Tonga AIA Anguilla 12 BIZ Belize IVB British Virgin Islands 10 SWZ Swaziland SHN Saint Helena 9 BER Bermuda 8 BRU Brunei MNT Montserrat 7 SKN Saint Kitts and Nevis TCA Turks and Caicos Islands TUV Tuvalu GAM The Gambia 6" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "text": "In 2007 , the German version modified the show 's format with the inclusion of a feature called `` Risk Mode '' . During the main game , contestants were given the option of choosing this feature , in which if they chose to use it , they gained the used of a fourth lifeline that allowed them to discuss a question with a member of the audience , in exchange for having no second safety net - if they got any question between the sixth and final cash prize amount wrong , they would leave with the guaranteed amount given for correctly answering five questions . This modified format was subsequently adopted for use in a variety of international versions abroad , including Austria , the Czech Republic , Hungary , the Philippines , Poland , Russia , Switzerland and Venezuela . In November 2008 , the Norwegian version modified the show format under the title of `` Hot Seat '' . In this variation of the game , six contestant took part , with each taking it in turns to answer questions and build up their prize fund . Utlising the time limit format introduced in the US version , this variation on the format granted a contestant the right to pass the question on to another player , who can not pass it on themselves , while eliminating both the option of walking away from a question , and the use of lifelines . If a contestant can not pass on or correctly answer a question , they are eliminated , and the highest cash value they made is removed . The game ends when all contestants are eliminated or the question for the highest cash value is answered - if a contestant who answers the final question gives a correct answer , they win that prize ; otherwise , the last contestant to be eliminated receives a small prize if they reach the fifth question safety net . This format was later introduced to various markets over the course of a four year - period from 2009 to 2012 , including Italy , Hungary , Spain , Vietnam , Indonesia , Australia , and Chile . In 2017 , Australia 's version was modified to use the Norwegian 's Hot Seat format . As part of this modification , the game Incorporated the use of the Fastest Finger First round , with the winner able to select a lifeline , out of three that the show provided .", "sentences": [ "In 2007 , the German version modified the show 's format with the inclusion of a feature called `` Risk Mode '' .", "During the main game , contestants were given the option of choosing this feature , in which if they chose to use it , they gained the used of a fourth lifeline that allowed them to discuss a question with a member of the audience , in exchange for having no second safety net - if they got any question between the sixth and final cash prize amount wrong , they would leave with the guaranteed amount given for correctly answering five questions .", "This modified format was subsequently adopted for use in a variety of international versions abroad , including Austria , the Czech Republic , Hungary , the Philippines , Poland , Russia , Switzerland and Venezuela .", "In November 2008 , the Norwegian version modified the show format under the title of `` Hot Seat '' .", "In this variation of the game , six contestant took part , with each taking it in turns to answer questions and build up their prize fund .", "Utlising the time limit format introduced in the US version , this variation on the format granted a contestant the right to pass the question on to another player , who can not pass it on themselves , while eliminating both the option of walking away from a question , and the use of lifelines .", "If a contestant can not pass on or correctly answer a question , they are eliminated , and the highest cash value they made is removed .", "The game ends when all contestants are eliminated or the question for the highest cash value is answered - if a contestant who answers the final question gives a correct answer , they win that prize ; otherwise , the last contestant to be eliminated receives a small prize if they reach the fifth question safety net .", "This format was later introduced to various markets over the course of a four year - period from 2009 to 2012 , including Italy , Hungary , Spain , Vietnam , Indonesia , Australia , and Chile .", "In 2017 , Australia 's version was modified to use the Norwegian 's Hot Seat format .", "As part of this modification , the game Incorporated the use of the Fastest Finger First round , with the winner able to select a lifeline , out of three that the show provided ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of poker hands", "text": "A straight flush is a poker hand containing five cards of sequential rank , all of the same suit , such as Q ♥ J ♥ 10 ♥ 9 ♥ 8 ♥ ( a `` queen - high straight flush '' ) . It ranks below five of a kind and above four of a kind . As part of a straight flush , an ace can rank either above a king or below a two , depending on the rules of the game . Under high rules , an ace can rank either high ( e.g. A ♥ K ♥ Q ♥ J ♥ 10 ♥ is an ace - high straight flush ) or low ( e.g. 5 4 3 2 A is a five - high straight flush ) , but can not rank both high and low in the same hand ( e.g. Q ♣ K ♣ A ♣ 2 ♣ 3 ♣ is an ace - high flush , not a straight flush ) . Under deuce - to - seven low rules , aces can only rank high , so a hand such as 5 ♠ 4 ♠ 3 ♠ 2 ♠ A ♠ is actually an ace - high flush . Under ace - to - six low rules , aces can only rank low , so a hand such as A ♥ K ♥ Q ♥ J ♥ 10 ♥ is actually a king - high flush . Under ace - to - five low rules , straight flushes are not recognized , and a hand that would be categorized as a straight flush is instead a high card hand .", "sentences": [ "A straight flush is a poker hand containing five cards of sequential rank , all of the same suit , such as Q ♥ J ♥ 10 ♥ 9 ♥ 8 ♥ ( a `` queen - high straight flush '' ) .", "It ranks below five of a kind and above four of a kind .", "As part of a straight flush , an ace can rank either above a king or below a two , depending on the rules of the game .", "Under high rules , an ace can rank either high ( e.g. A ♥ K ♥ Q ♥ J ♥ 10 ♥ is an ace - high straight flush ) or low (", "e.g. 5 4 3 2", "A is a five - high straight flush ) , but can not rank both high and low in the same hand ( e.g. Q ♣ K ♣", "A ♣ 2 ♣ 3 ♣ is an ace - high flush , not a straight flush ) .", "Under deuce - to - seven low rules , aces can only rank high , so a hand such as 5 ♠ 4 ♠ 3 ♠ 2 ♠ A ♠ is actually an ace - high flush .", "Under ace - to - six low rules , aces can only rank low , so a hand such as A ♥ K ♥ Q ♥ J ♥ 10 ♥ is actually a king - high flush .", "Under ace - to - five low rules , straight flushes are not recognized , and a hand that would be categorized as a straight flush is instead a high card hand ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Telephone numbers in India", "text": "hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) This article possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed . ( May 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )", "sentences": [ "hide This article has multiple issues .", "Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page .", "( Learn how and when to remove these template messages )", "This article possibly contains original research .", "Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations .", "Statements consisting only of original research should be removed .", "( May 2018 )", "( Learn how and when to remove this template message )", "This article needs additional citations for verification .", "Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources .", "Unsourced material may be challenged and removed .", "( May 2018 )", "( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "List of Attack on Titan characters", "text": "Sonny and Bean ( ソニー と ビーン , Sonī to Bīn , alt . `` Sawney and Beane '' ) A 4 - meter ( 13 ft ) Titan and a 7 - meter ( 23 ft ) tall Titan captured by Eren for Hange 's studies . With them , Hange discovers that Titans require sunlight to operate , as Sonny becomes lethargic without sunlight , but Bean is still active . In the anime , Hange says they were named after Sawney Bean , the leader of a clan of cannibals who hunted and ate their victims before the authorities led by King James found their secret cave and exterminated them . Both are killed by Annie Leonhart . In the English dub , they are referred to as Sawney and Beane , and are voiced by Jonathan C. Osborne and Cris George respectively .", "sentences": [ "Sonny and Bean ( ソニー と ビーン , Sonī to Bīn , alt .", "`` Sawney and Beane '' )", "A 4 - meter ( 13 ft ) Titan and a 7 - meter ( 23 ft ) tall Titan captured by Eren for Hange 's studies .", "With them , Hange discovers that Titans require sunlight to operate , as Sonny becomes lethargic without sunlight , but Bean is still active .", "In the anime , Hange says they were named after Sawney Bean , the leader of a clan of cannibals who hunted and ate their victims before the authorities led by King James found their secret cave and exterminated them .", "Both are killed by Annie Leonhart .", "In the English dub , they are referred to as Sawney and Beane , and are voiced by Jonathan C. Osborne and Cris George respectively ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "History of United States foreign policy", "text": "Since the turmoil of the Mexican revolution had died down , the Harding administration was prepared to normalize relations with Mexico . Between 1911 and 1920 American imports from Mexico increased from $57,000,000 to $179,000,000 and exports from $61,000,000 to $208,000,000 . Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover took the lead in order to promote trade and investments other than in oil and land , which had long dominated bilateral economic ties . President Álvaro Obregón assured Americans that they would be protected in Mexico , and Mexico was granted recognition in 1923 . A major crisis erupted in the mid-1930s when the Mexican government expropriated millions of acres of land from hundreds of American property owners as part of President Lázaro Cárdenas 's land redistribution program . No compensation was provided to the American owners . The emerging threat of the Second World War forced the United States to agree to a compromise solution . The US negotiated an agreement with President Manuel Avila Camacho that amounted to a military alliance .", "sentences": [ "Since the turmoil of the Mexican revolution had died down , the Harding administration was prepared to normalize relations with Mexico .", "Between 1911 and 1920 American imports from Mexico increased from $57,000,000 to $179,000,000 and exports from $61,000,000 to $208,000,000 .", "Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover took the lead in order to promote trade and investments other than in oil and land , which had long dominated bilateral economic ties .", "President Álvaro Obregón assured Americans that they would be protected in Mexico , and Mexico was granted recognition in 1923 .", "A major crisis erupted in the mid-1930s when the Mexican government expropriated millions of acres of land from hundreds of American property owners as part of President Lázaro Cárdenas 's land redistribution program .", "No compensation was provided to the American owners .", "The emerging threat of the Second World War forced the United States to agree to a compromise solution .", "The US negotiated an agreement with President Manuel Avila Camacho that amounted to a military alliance ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "History of hip-hop dance", "text": "In the 1970s , b - boy crews were neighborhood - based and would engage in battles held at local block parties called `` jams '' . Today crews can battle in organized competitions with other crews from around the world . New Zealand crew ReQuest won the Australian - based competition World Supremacy Battlegrounds in 2009 and the American - based competition Hip Hop International in 2009 and 2010 . On October 12 , 2010 , the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture , Sport , and Tourism presented the Certificate of Merit to dance crew Big Toe for winning a variety of international dance competitions . Dance crews are more prevalent in hip - hop , but hip - hop dance companies do exist . Examples include Zoo Nation ( UK ) , Culture Shock ( USA ) , Lux Aeterna ( USA ) , Boy Blue Entertainment ( UK ) , Unity UK ( UK ) , Bounce Streetdance Company ( Sweden ) , and Funkbrella Dance Company ( USA ) .", "sentences": [ "In the 1970s , b - boy crews were neighborhood - based and would engage in battles held at local block parties called `` jams '' .", "Today crews can battle in organized competitions with other crews from around the world .", "New Zealand crew ReQuest won the Australian - based competition World Supremacy Battlegrounds in 2009 and the American - based competition Hip Hop International in 2009 and 2010 .", "On October 12 , 2010 , the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture , Sport , and Tourism presented the Certificate of Merit to dance crew Big Toe for winning a variety of international dance competitions .", "Dance crews are more prevalent in hip - hop , but hip - hop dance companies do exist .", "Examples include Zoo Nation ( UK ) , Culture Shock ( USA ) , Lux Aeterna ( USA ) , Boy Blue Entertainment ( UK ) , Unity UK ( UK ) , Bounce Streetdance Company ( Sweden ) , and Funkbrella Dance Company ( USA ) ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Prince Charming", "text": "The Broadway musical Into the Woods ( first produced in 1986 ) explores the character as polygamous , and where there are not one , but two Prince Charmings . Here , they are shown as brothers pursuing Cinderella and Rapunzel , then later , Sleeping Beauty and Snow White , after they have married their first loves . Cinderella 's Prince has an affair with the baker 's wife as well , and when confronted about his womanizing , states `` I was raised to be charming , not sincere . '' In the 2014 Disney film adaptation of Into the Woods , Prince Charming is portrayed by Chris Pine . As implied by the title , the 1991 fantasy novel Bring Me the Head of Prince Charming by Roger Zelazny and Robert Sheckley includes sharp satire of the traditional fairy tale theme . Prince Charming is a prominent character in the Fables comic book ( 2002 -- 2015 ) . Polygamy is explored again : in that version , he successively married Snow White , Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella with each marriage ending in divorce due to his compulsive womanizing . He himself comments : `` I always truly love a woman when I first pursue her ... I 'm just no good at the happily - ever - after part . '' He parlays his charm into election as the mayor of Fabletown , the underground `` Fable '' community , and finds the job more difficult than he had anticipated . He Died in the Battle for the Homelands by activating a Bomb to End the War . The character of Prince Charming is deconstructed in the 2004 movie Shrek 2 and its 2007 follow - up Shrek the Third , wherein he is the son of the Fairy Godmother and has an unpleasant and ruthless personality unfitting for a fairy - tale prince . In the fantasy novel series The Sisters Grimm ( 2005 -- 2012 ) , Prince Charming is the mayor of Ferryport Landing , a town inhabited by fairy - tale characters - or everafters . He is shown to be rude , arrogant and boastful , but turns out to be a valuable ally to the protagonists of the series . He is shown to have married and slept with many of the girls in this town , among them Cinderella , Snow White and Sleeping Beauty . But he clarifies that he truly loves Snow White and proposes to her . He then separates himself from her for her protection . The concept of the Prince Charming is parodied in the 2007 film Enchanted when Edward is looking for Princess Giselle in the New York City . While knocking the doors he finds a pregnant housewife holding three kids , who tells him , in a scoffing voice , `` You 're too late . '' In the television series Once Upon a Time ( 2011 -- ) , Prince Charming is David ( portrayed by Josh Dallas ) , the husband of Snow White , though neither of them remembers this in Storybrooke , where the character 's name is David Nolan ( `` Charming '' is the nickname given to him by Snow White ) In his previous life , David is actually the brother of the real prince James ( also portrayed by Josh Dallas ) who died and was replaced with his twin . Both brothers were born to a poor farm couple who made a deal with Rumpelstiltskin to save their farm ; they gave up one son to King George , whose wife could not conceive . After James 's death his brother found out the truth and took his place , becoming engaged to Abigail , daughter of King Midas ( reluctantly , after his family is threatened by the real prince 's adoptive father ) in a deal that unites two kingdoms with Midas giving the King George gold in exchange for the prince defeating a dragon . Later , the prince meets and marries Snow White with whom he has a daughter named Emma and finds out he has a grandson named Henry . In Storybrooke , David is a John Doe with amnesia who meets and falls for Mary Margaret , who is really Snow White , before recovering his memory and working at the Storybrooke Sheriff Department . He later has another child with Snow White named Neal . A Charming Affair ( ca 2011 -- 2013 ) by Robert Scott ( 1984 ) is an 8 - minute sketch published by Lazy Bee Scripts portraying Prince Charming as a bigamist . When Snow White , Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty learn the truth , they plan to assassinate him with a poisoned apple . The sketch was performed in 2014 in Short and Sweet Theatre Festival by the American Theatre of Dubai , and the script became the Judges Award Winner . In the book series The Land of Stories ( 2012 ) by Chris Colfer , there are four Prince Charmings , who are brothers . Three of them are married with Snow White , Cinderella , and Sleeping Beauty , the other is lost .", "sentences": [ "The Broadway musical Into the Woods ( first produced in 1986 ) explores the character as polygamous , and where there are not one , but two Prince Charmings .", "Here , they are shown as brothers pursuing Cinderella and Rapunzel , then later , Sleeping Beauty and Snow White , after they have married their first loves .", "Cinderella 's Prince has an affair with the baker 's wife as well , and when confronted about his womanizing , states `` I was raised to be charming , not sincere . ''", "In the 2014 Disney film adaptation of Into the Woods , Prince Charming is portrayed by Chris Pine .", "As implied by the title , the 1991 fantasy novel Bring Me the Head of Prince Charming by Roger Zelazny and Robert Sheckley includes sharp satire of the traditional fairy tale theme .", "Prince Charming is a prominent character in the Fables comic book ( 2002 -- 2015 ) .", "Polygamy is explored again : in that version , he successively married Snow White , Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella with each marriage ending in divorce due to his compulsive womanizing .", "He himself comments : `` I always truly love a woman when I first pursue her ...", "I 'm just no good at the happily - ever - after part . ''", "He parlays his charm into election as the mayor of Fabletown , the underground `` Fable '' community , and finds the job more difficult than he had anticipated .", "He Died in the Battle for the Homelands by activating a Bomb to End the War .", "The character of Prince Charming is deconstructed in the 2004 movie Shrek 2 and its 2007 follow - up Shrek the Third , wherein he is the son of the Fairy Godmother and has an unpleasant and ruthless personality unfitting for a fairy - tale prince .", "In the fantasy novel series The Sisters Grimm ( 2005 -- 2012 ) , Prince Charming is the mayor of Ferryport Landing , a town inhabited by fairy - tale characters - or everafters .", "He is shown to be rude , arrogant and boastful , but turns out to be a valuable ally to the protagonists of the series .", "He is shown to have married and slept with many of the girls in this town , among them Cinderella , Snow White and Sleeping Beauty .", "But he clarifies that he truly loves Snow White and proposes to her .", "He then separates himself from her for her protection .", "The concept of the Prince Charming is parodied in the 2007 film Enchanted when Edward is looking for Princess Giselle in the New York City .", "While knocking the doors he finds a pregnant housewife holding three kids , who tells him , in a scoffing voice , `` You 're too late . ''", "In the television series Once Upon a Time ( 2011 -- ) , Prince Charming is David ( portrayed by Josh Dallas ) , the husband of Snow White , though neither of them remembers this in Storybrooke , where the character 's name is David Nolan ( `` Charming '' is the nickname given to him by Snow White )", "In his previous life , David is actually the brother of the real prince James ( also portrayed by Josh Dallas ) who died and was replaced with his twin .", "Both brothers were born to a poor farm couple who made a deal with Rumpelstiltskin to save their farm ; they gave up one son to King George , whose wife could not conceive .", "After James 's death his brother found out the truth and took his place , becoming engaged to Abigail , daughter of King Midas ( reluctantly , after his family is threatened by the real prince 's adoptive father ) in a deal that unites two kingdoms with Midas giving the King George gold in exchange for the prince defeating a dragon .", "Later , the prince meets and marries Snow White with whom he has a daughter named Emma and finds out he has a grandson named Henry .", "In Storybrooke , David is a John Doe with amnesia who meets and falls for Mary Margaret , who is really Snow White , before recovering his memory and working at the Storybrooke Sheriff Department .", "He later has another child with Snow White named Neal .", "A Charming Affair ( ca 2011 -- 2013 ) by Robert Scott ( 1984 ) is an 8 - minute sketch published by Lazy Bee Scripts portraying Prince Charming as a bigamist .", "When Snow White , Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty learn the truth , they plan to assassinate him with a poisoned apple .", "The sketch was performed in 2014 in Short and Sweet Theatre Festival by the American Theatre of Dubai , and the script became the Judges Award Winner .", "In the book series The Land of Stories ( 2012 ) by Chris Colfer , there are four Prince Charmings , who are brothers .", "Three of them are married with Snow White , Cinderella , and Sleeping Beauty , the other is lost ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Nickel", "text": "Nickel is one of four elements ( the others are iron , cobalt , and gadolinium ) that are ferromagnetic at approximately room temperature . Alnico permanent magnets based partly on nickel are of intermediate strength between iron - based permanent magnets and rare - earth magnets . The metal is valuable in modern times chiefly in alloys ; about 68 % of world production is used in stainless steel . A further 10 % is used for nickel - based and copper - based alloys , 7 % for alloy steels , 3 % in foundries , 9 % in plating and 4 % in other applications , including the fast - growing battery sector . As a compound , nickel has a number of niche chemical manufacturing uses , such as a catalyst for hydrogenation , cathodes for batteries , pigments and metal surface treatments . Nickel is an essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants that have enzymes with nickel as an active site .", "sentences": [ "Nickel is one of four elements ( the others are iron , cobalt , and gadolinium ) that are ferromagnetic at approximately room temperature .", "Alnico permanent magnets based partly on nickel are of intermediate strength between iron - based permanent magnets and rare - earth magnets .", "The metal is valuable in modern times chiefly in alloys ; about 68 % of world production is used in stainless steel .", "A further 10 % is used for nickel - based and copper - based alloys , 7 % for alloy steels , 3 % in foundries , 9 % in plating and 4 % in other applications , including the fast - growing battery sector .", "As a compound , nickel has a number of niche chemical manufacturing uses , such as a catalyst for hydrogenation , cathodes for batteries , pigments and metal surface treatments .", "Nickel is an essential nutrient for some microorganisms and plants that have enzymes with nickel as an active site ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Great Scott", "text": "The phrase has the ring of being somewhat `` dated , '' suggestive of the nineteenth century or generally an old - fashioned minced oath . Twentieth - century publications frequently use it to suggest such a context , as , for example , in the Rathbone -- Bruce Sherlock Holmes films ( said by Dr. Watson ) , Silver Age comics ( especially Superman ) , the television series Dennis the Menace ( said by Mr. Wilson ) , The Rocky Horror Picture Show , The Lion , the Witch , and the Wardrobe ( end of chapter six ) , and the Back to the Future films ( Dr. Emmett Brown ) . It was also said in A Christmas Story as Ralphie is in line to see Santa Claus , and in the episode `` When The Rat 's Away , The Mice Will Play '' from the Batman TV show , said by Adam West ( Batman ) . Scrooge McDuck uses it in DuckTales Remastered . It is also used in `` The Laughing Fish '' , an episode of Batman : The Animated Series , by a one - time character voiced by George Dzundza when The Joker enters his office . The Joker , voiced by Mark Hamill , quips , `` Actually I 'm Irish . ''", "sentences": [ "The phrase has the ring of being somewhat `` dated , '' suggestive of the nineteenth century or generally an old - fashioned minced oath .", "Twentieth - century publications frequently use it to suggest such a context , as , for example , in the Rathbone -- Bruce Sherlock Holmes films ( said by Dr. Watson ) , Silver Age comics ( especially Superman ) , the television series Dennis the Menace ( said by Mr. Wilson ) , The Rocky Horror Picture Show , The Lion , the Witch , and the Wardrobe ( end of chapter six ) , and the Back to the Future films ( Dr. Emmett Brown ) .", "It was also said in A Christmas Story as Ralphie is in line to see Santa Claus , and in the episode `` When The Rat 's Away , The Mice Will Play '' from the Batman TV show , said by Adam West ( Batman ) .", "Scrooge McDuck uses it in DuckTales Remastered .", "It is also used in `` The Laughing Fish '' , an episode of Batman : The Animated Series , by a one - time character voiced by George Dzundza when The Joker enters his office .", "The Joker , voiced by Mark Hamill , quips , `` Actually I 'm Irish . ''" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Factor of safety", "text": "Margin of Safety = Failure Load Design Load × Design Safety Factor − 1 ( \\ displaystyle ( \\ text ( Margin of Safety ) ) = ( \\ frac ( \\ text ( Failure Load ) ) ( \\ text ( Design Load × Design Safety Factor ) ) ) - 1 ) Margin of Safety = Realized Factor of Safety Design Safety Factor − 1 ( \\ displaystyle ( \\ text ( Margin of Safety ) ) = ( \\ frac ( \\ text ( Realized Factor of Safety ) ) ( \\ text ( Design Safety Factor ) ) ) - 1 )", "sentences": [ "Margin of Safety = Failure Load Design Load ×", "Design Safety Factor − 1 ( \\ displaystyle ( \\ text ( Margin of Safety ) )", "= ( \\ frac ( \\ text ( Failure Load ) )", "( \\ text ( Design Load × Design Safety Factor ) ) )", "- 1 ) Margin of Safety = Realized Factor of Safety Design Safety Factor − 1 ( \\ displaystyle ( \\ text ( Margin of Safety ) )", "= ( \\ frac ( \\ text ( Realized Factor of Safety ) )", "( \\ text ( Design Safety Factor ) ) )", "- 1 )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Moment-generating function", "text": "lim n → ∞ ∑ i = 0 n t i m i i ! ( \\ displaystyle \\ lim _ ( n \\ rightarrow \\ infty ) \\ sum _ ( i = 0 ) ^ ( n ) ( \\ frac ( t ^ ( i ) m_ ( i ) ) ( i ! ) ) )", "sentences": [ "lim n → ∞ ∑ i = 0 n", "t", "i m i", "i !", "( \\ displaystyle \\ lim _", "( n \\ rightarrow \\ infty )", "\\ sum _", "( i = 0 )", "^ ( n ) ( \\ frac ( t ^", "( i ) m_", "( i ) )", "( i ! ) ) )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "A Place to Call Home (season 3)", "text": "After George is shot , Sarah is forced to remove the bullet from his chest en route to the hospital . He is later operated on and awakens in his hospital room and whispers Sarah 's name , around Regina . Anna is shocked to learn that the baby that is being masqueraded as James and Olivia 's , is actually the baby of an unwed mother , and is later disappointed to learn that Gino is disgusted by James ' homosexuality . René is arrested for attempted murder , however , after Regina delivers Sarah an ultimatum that if George dies , she 'll make sure René hangs , he is released when Regina changes her story and says George stopped René committing suicide . Olivia hires a new maid Rose , who acts oddly suspicious around baby George . James quietly flirts with George 's doctor , Henry Fox , over a cigarette . After dealing with the shocking events of the past day , Sarah is shocked when she learns that she is pregnant with George 's baby .", "sentences": [ "After George is shot , Sarah is forced to remove the bullet from his chest en route to the hospital .", "He is later operated on and awakens in his hospital room and whispers Sarah 's name , around Regina .", "Anna is shocked to learn that the baby that is being masqueraded as James and Olivia 's , is actually the baby of an unwed mother , and is later disappointed to learn that Gino is disgusted by James ' homosexuality .", "René is arrested for attempted murder , however , after Regina delivers Sarah an ultimatum that if George dies , she 'll make sure René hangs , he is released when Regina changes her story and says George stopped René committing suicide .", "Olivia hires a new maid Rose , who acts oddly suspicious around baby George .", "James quietly flirts with George 's doctor , Henry Fox , over a cigarette .", "After dealing with the shocking events of the past day , Sarah is shocked when she learns that she is pregnant with George 's baby ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Vespers", "text": "Psalm 86 ; `` Glory to the Father ... Now and always ... Amen . '' ; `` Glory to you , O God , glory to you . For all things , Lord , glory to you . '' ; `` And again in peace ... '' ; `` Blessing and glory ... Now and always ... Amen . '' ; `` Peace to all . ''", "sentences": [ "Psalm 86 ; `` Glory to the Father ...", "Now and always ... Amen . '' ; `` Glory to you , O God , glory to you .", "For all things , Lord , glory to you . ''", "; `` And again in peace ... ''", "; `` Blessing and glory ...", "Now and always ... Amen . ''", "; `` Peace to all . ''" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Aggregate demand", "text": "John Maynard Keynes in The General Theory of Employment , Interest and Money argued during the Great Depression that the loss of output by the private sector as a result of a systemic shock ( the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ) ought to be filled by government spending . First , he argued that with a lower ' effective aggregate demand ' , or the total amount of spending in the economy ( lowered in the Crash ) , the private sector could subsist on a permanently reduced level of activity and involuntary unemployment , unless there were active intervention . Business lost access to capital , so it had dismissed workers . This meant workers had less to spend as consumers , consumers bought less from business , which because of additionally reduced demand , had found the need to dismiss workers . The downward spiral could only be halted and rectified by external action . Second , people with higher incomes have a lower marginal propensity to consume their incomes . People with lower incomes are inclined to spend their earnings immediately to buy housing , food , transport and so forth , while people with much higher incomes can not consume everything . They save instead , which means that the velocity of money , meaning the circulation of income through different hands in the economy , is decreased . This lowered the rate of growth . Spending should therefore target public works programmes on a large enough scale to speed up growth to its previous levels .", "sentences": [ "John Maynard Keynes in The General Theory of Employment , Interest and Money argued during the Great Depression that the loss of output by the private sector as a result of a systemic shock ( the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ) ought to be filled by government spending .", "First , he argued that with a lower ' effective aggregate demand ' , or the total amount of spending in the economy ( lowered in the Crash ) , the private sector could subsist on a permanently reduced level of activity and involuntary unemployment , unless there were active intervention .", "Business lost access to capital , so it had dismissed workers .", "This meant workers had less to spend as consumers , consumers bought less from business , which because of additionally reduced demand , had found the need to dismiss workers .", "The downward spiral could only be halted and rectified by external action .", "Second , people with higher incomes have a lower marginal propensity to consume their incomes .", "People with lower incomes are inclined to spend their earnings immediately to buy housing , food , transport and so forth , while people with much higher incomes can not consume everything .", "They save instead , which means that the velocity of money , meaning the circulation of income through different hands in the economy , is decreased .", "This lowered the rate of growth .", "Spending should therefore target public works programmes on a large enough scale to speed up growth to its previous levels ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce", "text": "Produced by Universal Cable Productions , it is the first original scripted series for Bravo . A 13 - episode first season was ordered by the network , which premiered on December 2 , 2014 . The show debuted to 1.04 million viewers . Critical reception for the series has initially been generally positive , with particular praise towards Edelstein 's performance and the series ' quality over the reality series on Bravo . The show was eventually renewed for a second season , which premiered on December 1 , 2015 . On April 13 , 2016 , it was announced that Bravo had renewed the show for a third , fourth and fifth season .", "sentences": [ "Produced by Universal Cable Productions , it is the first original scripted series for Bravo .", "A 13 - episode first season was ordered by the network , which premiered on December 2 , 2014 .", "The show debuted to 1.04 million viewers .", "Critical reception for the series has initially been generally positive , with particular praise towards Edelstein 's performance and the series ' quality over the reality series on Bravo .", "The show was eventually renewed for a second season , which premiered on December 1 , 2015 .", "On April 13 , 2016 , it was announced that Bravo had renewed the show for a third , fourth and fifth season ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "How to Save a Life", "text": "Slade claims that the song is about all of the people that tried to reach out to the boy but were unsuccessful . As Slade says in an interview , the boy 's friends and family approached him by saying , `` Quit taking drugs and cutting yourself or I wo n't talk to you again , '' but all he needed was some support . The boy was losing friends and going through depression . He lost his best friend and could not deal with it . The verses of the song describe an attempt by an adult to confront a troubled teen . In the chorus , the singer laments that he himself was unable to save a friend because he did not know how .", "sentences": [ "Slade claims that the song is about all of the people that tried to reach out to the boy but were unsuccessful .", "As Slade says in an interview , the boy 's friends and family approached him by saying , `` Quit taking drugs and cutting yourself or I wo n't talk to you again , '' but all he needed was some support .", "The boy was losing friends and going through depression .", "He lost his best friend and could not deal with it .", "The verses of the song describe an attempt by an adult to confront a troubled teen .", "In the chorus , the singer laments that he himself was unable to save a friend because he did not know how ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Lake District", "text": "Below the tree line are wooded areas , including British and European native oak woodlands and introduced softwood plantations . The woodlands provide habitats for native English wildlife . The native red squirrel is found in the Lake District and in a few other parts of England . In parts of the Lake District the rainfall is higher than in any other part of England . This gives Atlantic mosses , ferns , lichen , and liverworts the chance to grow . There is some ancient woodland in the National Park . Management of the woodlands varies : some are coppiced , some pollarded , some left to grow naturally , and some provide grazing and shelter .", "sentences": [ "Below the tree line are wooded areas , including British and European native oak woodlands and introduced softwood plantations .", "The woodlands provide habitats for native English wildlife .", "The native red squirrel is found in the Lake District and in a few other parts of England .", "In parts of the Lake District the rainfall is higher than in any other part of England .", "This gives Atlantic mosses , ferns , lichen , and liverworts the chance to grow .", "There is some ancient woodland in the National Park .", "Management of the woodlands varies : some are coppiced , some pollarded , some left to grow naturally , and some provide grazing and shelter ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Welcome to My Life", "text": "Chart ( 2004 - 06 ) Peak position Australia ( ARIA ) 7 Canada ( Nielsen SoundScan ) Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100 ) 23 France ( SNEP ) 12 Netherlands ( Mega Top 100 ) 39 New Zealand ( RIANZ ) 5 Spain ( Los 40 Principales ) Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) 33 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) 49 US Billboard Hot 100 40 US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) 10 US Adult Pop Songs ( Billboard ) 26", "sentences": [ "Chart ( 2004 - 06 ) Peak position Australia ( ARIA ) 7", "Canada ( Nielsen SoundScan ) Czech Republic ( Rádio Top 100 ) 23", "France ( SNEP ) 12 Netherlands ( Mega Top 100 ) 39", "New Zealand ( RIANZ ) 5", "Spain ( Los 40 Principales )", "Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) 33 UK Singles ( Official Charts Company )", "49 US Billboard Hot 100 40 US Mainstream Top 40 ( Billboard ) 10 US Adult Pop Songs ( Billboard ) 26" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Southern strategy", "text": "Political scientist Nelson W. Polsby argued that economic development was more central than racial desegregation in the evolution of the postwar South in Congress . In The End of Southern Exceptionalism : Class , Race , and Partisan Change in the Postwar South , the British political scientist Byron E. Shafer and the Canadian Richard Johnston developed Polsby 's argument in greater depth . Using roll call analysis of voting patterns in the House of Representatives , they found that issues of desegregation and race were less important than issues of economics and social class when it came to the transformation of partisanship in the South . This view is backed by Glenn Feldman who notes that the early narratives on the Southern realignment focused on the idea of appealing to racism . This argument was first and thus took hold as the accepted narrative . However , he notes that Lassiter 's dissenting view on this subject , a view that the realignment was a `` suburban strategy '' rather than a `` Southern strategy '' , was just one of the first of a rapidly growing list of scholars who see the civil rights `` white backlash '' as a secondary or minor factor . Authors such as Tim Boyd , George Lewis , Michael Bowen and John W. White follow the lead of Lassiter , Shafer and Johnston in viewing suburban voters and their self interests as the primary reason for the realignment . He does not discount race as part of the motivation of these suburban voters who were fleeing urban crime and school busing .", "sentences": [ "Political scientist Nelson W. Polsby argued that economic development was more central than racial desegregation in the evolution of the postwar South in Congress .", "In The End of Southern Exceptionalism : Class , Race , and Partisan Change in the Postwar South , the British political scientist Byron E. Shafer and the Canadian Richard Johnston developed Polsby 's argument in greater depth .", "Using roll call analysis of voting patterns in the House of Representatives , they found that issues of desegregation and race were less important than issues of economics and social class when it came to the transformation of partisanship in the South .", "This view is backed by Glenn Feldman who notes that the early narratives on the Southern realignment focused on the idea of appealing to racism .", "This argument was first and thus took hold as the accepted narrative .", "However , he notes that Lassiter 's dissenting view on this subject , a view that the realignment was a `` suburban strategy '' rather than a `` Southern strategy '' , was just one of the first of a rapidly growing list of scholars who see the civil rights `` white backlash '' as a secondary or minor factor .", "Authors such as Tim Boyd , George Lewis , Michael Bowen and John W. White follow the lead of Lassiter , Shafer and Johnston in viewing suburban voters and their self interests as the primary reason for the realignment .", "He does not discount race as part of the motivation of these suburban voters who were fleeing urban crime and school busing ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "The Jungle Book (2016 film)", "text": "The Jungle Book ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack ) Film score by John Debney Released April 15 , 2016 Recorded 2015 -- 16 Studio Sony Pictures Studios ( score ) Esplanade Studios , New Orleans Chalice Recording Studios Music Shed Studios , New Orleans Genre Orchestral , swing jazz Length 74 : 17 Label Walt Disney Producer John Debney John Debney chronology The Young Messiah ( 2016 ) The Young Messiah 2016 The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) The Jungle Book2016 Mother 's Day ( 2016 ) Mother 's Day 2016", "sentences": [ "The Jungle Book ( Original Motion Picture Soundtrack )", "Film score by John Debney Released April 15 , 2016 Recorded 2015 -- 16 Studio Sony Pictures Studios ( score )", "Esplanade Studios , New Orleans Chalice Recording Studios Music Shed Studios , New Orleans Genre Orchestral , swing jazz Length 74 : 17 Label Walt Disney Producer John Debney John Debney chronology", "The Young Messiah ( 2016 )", "The Young Messiah 2016 The Jungle Book ( 2016 )", "The Jungle Book2016 Mother 's Day ( 2016 )", "Mother 's Day 2016" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "text": "Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a `` repository of cracker - barrel epigrams '' and the novel represents a `` sugar - coated myth '' of Alabama history . Barra writes , `` It 's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature . Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated '' . Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus ' stiff and self - righteous demeanor , and calls Scout `` a kind of highly constructed doll '' whose speech and actions are improbable . Although acknowledging that the novel works , Mallon blasts Lee 's `` wildly unstable '' narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama , following with his observation that `` the book has begun to cherish its own goodness '' by the time the case is over . Defending the book , Akin Ajayi writes that justice `` is often complicated , but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all . '' Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race , class , and society , but that it was not written to resolve them .", "sentences": [ "Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a `` repository of cracker - barrel epigrams '' and the novel represents a `` sugar - coated myth '' of Alabama history .", "Barra writes , `` It 's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classic that ranks with the great works of American literature .", "Its bloodless liberal humanism is sadly dated '' .", "Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker criticizes Atticus ' stiff and self - righteous demeanor , and calls Scout `` a kind of highly constructed doll '' whose speech and actions are improbable .", "Although acknowledging that the novel works , Mallon blasts Lee 's `` wildly unstable '' narrative voice for developing a story about a content neighborhood until it begins to impart morals in the courtroom drama , following with his observation that `` the book has begun to cherish its own goodness '' by the time the case is over .", "Defending the book , Akin Ajayi writes that justice `` is often complicated , but must always be founded upon the notion of equality and fairness for all . ''", "Ajayi states that the book forces readers to question issues about race , class , and society , but that it was not written to resolve them ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "The Rite of Spring", "text": "In 1929 Stravinsky and Monteux vied with each other to conduct the first orchestral gramophone recording of The Rite . While Stravinsky led L'Orchestre des Concerts Straram in a recording for the Columbia label , at the same time Monteux was recording it for the HMV label . Stokowski 's version followed in 1930 . Stravinsky made two more recordings , in 1940 and 1960 . According to the critic Edward Greenfield , Stravinsky was not technically a great conductor but , Greenfield says , in the 1960 recording with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra the composer inspired a performance with `` extraordinary thrust and resilience '' . In conversations with Robert Craft , Stravinsky reviewed several recordings of The Rite made in the 1960s . He thought Herbert von Karajan 's 1963 recording with the Berlin Philharmonic , was good , but `` the performance is ... too polished , a pet savage rather than a real one '' . Stravinsky thought that Pierre Boulez , with the Orchestre National de France ( 1963 ) , was `` less good than I had hoped ... very bad tempi and some tasteless alterations '' . He praised a 1962 recording by The Moscow State Symphony Orchestra for making the music sound Russian , `` which is just right '' , but Stravinsky 's concluding judgement was that none of these three performances was worth preserving .", "sentences": [ "In 1929 Stravinsky and Monteux vied with each other to conduct the first orchestral gramophone recording of The Rite .", "While Stravinsky led L'Orchestre des Concerts Straram in a recording for the Columbia label , at the same time Monteux was recording it for the HMV label .", "Stokowski 's version followed in 1930 .", "Stravinsky made two more recordings , in 1940 and 1960 .", "According to the critic Edward Greenfield , Stravinsky was not technically a great conductor but , Greenfield says , in the 1960 recording with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra the composer inspired a performance with `` extraordinary thrust and resilience '' .", "In conversations with Robert Craft , Stravinsky reviewed several recordings of The Rite made in the 1960s .", "He thought Herbert von Karajan 's 1963 recording with the Berlin Philharmonic , was good , but `` the performance is ... too polished , a pet savage rather than a real one '' .", "Stravinsky thought that Pierre Boulez , with the Orchestre National de France ( 1963 ) , was `` less good than I had hoped ... very bad tempi and some tasteless alterations '' .", "He praised a 1962 recording by The Moscow State Symphony Orchestra for making the music sound Russian , `` which is just right '' , but Stravinsky 's concluding judgement was that none of these three performances was worth preserving ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Carbohydrate catabolism", "text": "The last process in aerobic respiration is oxidative phosphorylation , also known as the electron transport chain . Here NADH and FADH , which contain the energy in the form of electrons , deliver their electrons to the inner membranes of the mitochondrion to power the production of ATP . Oxidative phosphorylation contributes the majority of the ATP produced , compared to glycolysis and the Krebs cycle . While the ATP count is glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is two ATP molecules , the electron transport chain contributes , at most , twenty - eight ATP molecules . A contributing factor is due to the energy potentials of NADH and FADH . As they are brought from the initial process , glycolysis , to the electron transport chain , the energy stored in them are now utilized . A second contributing factor is that cristae , the inner membranes of mitochondria , increase the surface area and therefore the amount of proteins in the membrane that assist in the synthesis of ATP . Along the electron transport chain , there are separate compartments , each with their own concentration gradient of H + ions , which are the power source of ATP synthesis . To convert ADP to ATP , energy must be provided . That energy is provided by the H+ gradient . On one side of the membrane compartment , there is a high concentration of H+ ions compared to the other . The shuttling of H+ to one side of the membrane is driven by the exergonic flow of electrons throughout the membrane . These electrons are supplied by NADH and FADH as they transfer their potential energy . Once the H+ concentration gradient is established , a proton - motive force is established , which provides the energy to convert ADP to ATP . The H+ ions that were initially forced to one side of the mitochondrion membrane now naturally flow through a membrane protein called ATP synthase , a protein that converts ADP to ATP with the help of H+ ions .", "sentences": [ "The last process in aerobic respiration is oxidative phosphorylation , also known as the electron transport chain .", "Here NADH and FADH , which contain the energy in the form of electrons , deliver their electrons to the inner membranes of the mitochondrion to power the production of ATP .", "Oxidative phosphorylation contributes the majority of the ATP produced , compared to glycolysis and the Krebs cycle .", "While the ATP count is glycolysis and the Krebs cycle is two ATP molecules , the electron transport chain contributes , at most , twenty - eight ATP molecules .", "A contributing factor is due to the energy potentials of NADH and FADH .", "As they are brought from the initial process , glycolysis , to the electron transport chain , the energy stored in them are now utilized .", "A second contributing factor is that cristae , the inner membranes of mitochondria , increase the surface area and therefore the amount of proteins in the membrane that assist in the synthesis of ATP .", "Along the electron transport chain , there are separate compartments , each with their own concentration gradient of H + ions , which are the power source of ATP synthesis .", "To convert ADP to ATP , energy must be provided .", "That energy is provided by the H+ gradient .", "On one side of the membrane compartment , there is a high concentration of H+ ions compared to the other .", "The shuttling of H+ to one side of the membrane is driven by the exergonic flow of electrons throughout the membrane .", "These electrons are supplied by NADH and FADH as they transfer their potential energy .", "Once the H+ concentration gradient is established , a proton - motive force is established , which provides the energy to convert ADP to ATP .", "The H+ ions that were initially forced to one side of the mitochondrion membrane now naturally flow through a membrane protein called ATP synthase , a protein that converts ADP to ATP with the help of H+ ions ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Carnegie Corporation of New York", "text": "World War II and its immediate aftermath were a relatively inactive period for Carnegie Corporation . When Charles Dollard , who had joined the staff during 1939 as Keppel 's assistant , became president during 1948 , the foundation increased its interest in the social sciences , particularly the study of human behavior , and entered the field of international affairs . At Dollard 's urging , the corporation funded quantitative , `` objective '' social science research modeled after the physical sciences and helped to diffuse the ideas throughout major universities . At this time , the corporation became a major proponent of standardized testing in the schools as a means for determining academic merit irrespective of social or economic background . Among other initiatives , it helped to broker establishment of the Educational Testing Service during 1947 . In recognition of the United States ' increasing need for scholarly and policy expertise in international affairs , the corporation also initiated , with the Ford Foundation , foreign area studies programs in colleges and universities , helping to establish and sustain the Russian Research Center at Harvard University . Following Afrikaner political ascendance during 1951 , the corporation ceased grantmaking in South Africa for more than two decades , changing its policy to the development of universities in East and West Africa .", "sentences": [ "World War II and its immediate aftermath were a relatively inactive period for Carnegie Corporation .", "When Charles Dollard , who had joined the staff during 1939 as Keppel 's assistant , became president during 1948 , the foundation increased its interest in the social sciences , particularly the study of human behavior , and entered the field of international affairs .", "At Dollard 's urging , the corporation funded quantitative , `` objective '' social science research modeled after the physical sciences and helped to diffuse the ideas throughout major universities .", "At this time , the corporation became a major proponent of standardized testing in the schools as a means for determining academic merit irrespective of social or economic background .", "Among other initiatives , it helped to broker establishment of the Educational Testing Service during 1947 .", "In recognition of the United States ' increasing need for scholarly and policy expertise in international affairs , the corporation also initiated , with the Ford Foundation , foreign area studies programs in colleges and universities , helping to establish and sustain the Russian Research Center at Harvard University .", "Following Afrikaner political ascendance during 1951 , the corporation ceased grantmaking in South Africa for more than two decades , changing its policy to the development of universities in East and West Africa ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Happy Birthday to You", "text": "It is traditional , among English - speakers , that at a birthday party , the song `` Happy Birthday to You '' be sung to the birthday person by the other guests celebrating the birthday . More specifically , the birthday person is traditionally presented with a birthday cake with lit candles , with the number of candles sometimes corresponding to the age of the person . After the song is sung ( usually just once ) , party guests sometimes add wishes like `` and many more ! '' expressing the hope that the birthday person will enjoy a long life . The birthday person may be asked to make a wish ( `` Make a wish ! '' ) -- which he or she does silently -- and then is supposed to blow out the candles . Traditionally , blowing out the candles is believed ( or is considered a lighthearted superstition ) to ensure that the wish will come true . Once the candles have been blown out , people may applaud , after which the cake may be served , often with the first piece being served to the person whose birthday it is .", "sentences": [ "It is traditional , among English - speakers , that at a birthday party , the song `` Happy Birthday to You '' be sung to the birthday person by the other guests celebrating the birthday .", "More specifically , the birthday person is traditionally presented with a birthday cake with lit candles , with the number of candles sometimes corresponding to the age of the person .", "After the song is sung ( usually just once ) , party guests sometimes add wishes like `` and many more ! ''", "expressing the hope that the birthday person will enjoy a long life .", "The birthday person may be asked to make a wish ( `` Make a wish ! ''", ") --", "which he or she does silently -- and then is supposed to blow out the candles .", "Traditionally , blowing out the candles is believed ( or is considered a lighthearted superstition ) to ensure that the wish will come true .", "Once the candles have been blown out , people may applaud , after which the cake may be served , often with the first piece being served to the person whose birthday it is ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Keeping Up with the Kardashians", "text": "However , several critics were more positive towards the show . A number of publications welcomed the show as `` guilty pleasure '' , including The Huffington Post , The Atlantic , and The Week . Tim Stack , writing for Entertainment Weekly , described the reality series as : `` my favorite little slice of reality TV spongecake . '' Lauren Le Vine of Refinery29 appreciated the success of the family which `` achieved the American dream of making something out of nothing , '' using the given platform . Libby Hill of The A.V. Club also acknowledged the show 's success and said : `` Keeping Up With The Kardashians gives us real , joyous , ugly , unsavory , hilarious life , with all the polished sitcom trappings . And though the latter may have launched a multimedia empire , the former has made it last '' . Maura Kelly of The Guardian evaluated the aftermath of the failed wedding of Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries , which was documented on Keeping Up with the Kardashians , and subsequently caused public outrage , including an online protest petition to cancel the show . `` Since Kim does n't exactly seem to be an exemplar of self - awareness , I suppose it 's possible that she really believed she and Humphries would live happily ever after , '' Kelly speculated whether or not the marriage was a publicity stunt . `` But more likely , she and E ! are laughing all the way to the bank -- 10.5 million viewers tuned into `` Kim 's Fairytale Wedding : A Kardashian Event '' , after all , '' Kelly summarized the controversy . Josh Duboff , writing for Vanity Fair , commented on the show 's long run and said that `` it is near impossible to argue that their continued relevance , 10 years later , is anything other than awe - inspiring and remarkable '' .", "sentences": [ "However , several critics were more positive towards the show .", "A number of publications welcomed the show as `` guilty pleasure '' , including The Huffington Post , The Atlantic , and The Week .", "Tim Stack , writing for Entertainment Weekly , described the reality series as : `` my favorite little slice of reality TV spongecake . ''", "Lauren Le Vine of Refinery29 appreciated the success of the family which `` achieved the American dream of making something out of nothing , '' using the given platform .", "Libby Hill of The A.V. Club also acknowledged the show 's success and said : `` Keeping Up With The Kardashians gives us real , joyous , ugly , unsavory , hilarious life , with all the polished sitcom trappings .", "And though the latter may have launched a multimedia empire , the former has made it last '' .", "Maura Kelly of The Guardian evaluated the aftermath of the failed wedding of Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries , which was documented on Keeping Up with the Kardashians , and subsequently caused public outrage , including an online protest petition to cancel the show .", "`` Since Kim does n't exactly seem to be an exemplar of self - awareness , I suppose it 's possible that she really believed she and Humphries would live happily ever after , '' Kelly speculated whether or not the marriage was a publicity stunt .", "`` But more likely , she and E ! are laughing all the way to the bank -- 10.5 million viewers tuned into `` Kim 's Fairytale Wedding : A Kardashian Event '' , after all , '' Kelly summarized the controversy .", "Josh Duboff , writing for Vanity Fair , commented on the show 's long run and said that `` it is near impossible to argue that their continued relevance , 10 years later , is anything other than awe - inspiring and remarkable '' ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "New York Post", "text": "The gossip section `` Page Six '' was created by James Brady and currently edited by Emily Smith ( although it no longer actually appears on page six of the tabloid ) . Columnist Richard Johnson edited Page Six for 25 years . February 2006 saw the debut of Page Six Magazine , distributed free inside the paper . In September 2007 , it started to be distributed weekly in the Sunday edition of the paper . In January 2009 , publication of Page Six Magazine was cut to four times a year . Daily web content is published at www.pagesix.com .", "sentences": [ "The gossip section `` Page Six '' was created by James Brady and currently edited by Emily Smith ( although it no longer actually appears on page six of the tabloid ) .", "Columnist Richard Johnson edited Page Six for 25 years .", "February 2006 saw the debut of Page Six Magazine , distributed free inside the paper .", "In September 2007 , it started to be distributed weekly in the Sunday edition of the paper .", "In January 2009 , publication of Page Six Magazine was cut to four times a year .", "Daily web content is published at www.pagesix.com ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Illinois Confederation", "text": "The Illinois lived in a seasonal cycle related to cultivation of domestic plants and hunting , with movement from semi-permanent villages to hunting camps . They seasonally lived in long houses and wigwams of wood and woven mats . They planted crops of maize ( corn ) , beans , and squash , known as the `` Three Sisters '' . They prepared dishes such as sagamite . They also gathered wild foods such as nuts , fruit , roots , and tubers . In the hunting season , the men hunted bison , deer , elk , bear , cougar , lynx , turkey , geese and duck . Women prepared the meat for preservation and the hides for equipment and clothing . They tapped maple trees and made the sap into a drink or boiled it for syrup and sugar .", "sentences": [ "The Illinois lived in a seasonal cycle related to cultivation of domestic plants and hunting , with movement from semi-permanent villages to hunting camps .", "They seasonally lived in long houses and wigwams of wood and woven mats .", "They planted crops of maize ( corn ) , beans , and squash , known as the `` Three Sisters '' .", "They prepared dishes such as sagamite .", "They also gathered wild foods such as nuts , fruit , roots , and tubers .", "In the hunting season , the men hunted bison , deer , elk , bear , cougar , lynx , turkey , geese and duck .", "Women prepared the meat for preservation and the hides for equipment and clothing .", "They tapped maple trees and made the sap into a drink or boiled it for syrup and sugar ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Capital asset pricing model", "text": "E ( R i ) − R f = β i ( E ( R m ) − R f ) ( \\ displaystyle E ( R_ ( i ) ) - R_ ( f ) = \\ beta _ ( i ) ( E ( R_ ( m ) ) - R_ ( f ) ) \\ , )", "sentences": [ "E ( R i )", "− R f = β i ( E ( R m )", "− R f )", "( \\ displaystyle E ( R_", "( i ) ) - R_", "( f ) = \\ beta _", "( i ) ( E ( R_ ( m ) )", "- R_", "( f ) )", "\\ , )" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon", "text": "The debut episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon averaged a 3.8 rating in adults 18 -- 49 and 11.31 million viewers overall in Nielsen 's fast - national estimates . This made it the second - largest audience for The Tonight Show since May 2009 , behind Leno 's final farewell two weeks earlier and the transition to Conan O'Brien nearly five years prior . The program 's first full week averaged 8.490 million viewers , making it the franchise 's most - watched week in 20 years . Following its premiere , The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon has consistently won its timeslot in ratings , routinely beating Late Show with David Letterman and Jimmy Kimmel Live ! . Despite this , the ratings for competitors never significantly fell , with Fallon winning due to a surge in younger viewers . In his first year as host , Fallon 's Tonight Show improved on ratings delivered by his predecessor Jay Leno .", "sentences": [ "The debut episode of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon averaged a 3.8 rating in adults 18 -- 49 and 11.31 million viewers overall in Nielsen 's fast - national estimates .", "This made it the second - largest audience for The Tonight Show since May 2009 , behind Leno 's final farewell two weeks earlier and the transition to Conan O'Brien nearly five years prior .", "The program 's first full week averaged 8.490 million viewers , making it the franchise 's most - watched week in 20 years .", "Following its premiere , The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon has consistently won its timeslot in ratings , routinely beating Late Show with David Letterman and Jimmy Kimmel Live ! .", "Despite this , the ratings for competitors never significantly fell , with Fallon winning due to a surge in younger viewers .", "In his first year as host , Fallon 's Tonight Show improved on ratings delivered by his predecessor Jay Leno ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Cell theory", "text": "Prokaryotes : Prokaryotes are relatively small cells surrounded by the plasma membrane , with a characteristic cell wall that may differ in composition depending on the particular organism . Prokaryotes lack a nucleus ( although they do have circular or linear DNA ) and other membrane - bound organelles ( though they do contain ribosomes ) . The protoplasm of a prokaryote contains the chromosomal region that appears as fibrous deposits under the microscope , and the cytoplasm . Bacteria and Archaea are the two domains of prokaryotes . Eukaryotes : Eukaryotic cells are also surrounded by the plasma membrane , but on the other hand , they have distinct nuclei bound by a nuclear membrane or envelope . Eukaryotic cells also contain membrane - bound organelles , such as ( mitochondria , chloroplasts , lysosomes , rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum , vacuoles ) . In addition , they possess organized chromosomes which store genetic material .", "sentences": [ "Prokaryotes : Prokaryotes are relatively small cells surrounded by the plasma membrane , with a characteristic cell wall that may differ in composition depending on the particular organism .", "Prokaryotes lack a nucleus ( although they do have circular or linear DNA ) and other membrane - bound organelles ( though they do contain ribosomes ) .", "The protoplasm of a prokaryote contains the chromosomal region that appears as fibrous deposits under the microscope , and the cytoplasm .", "Bacteria and Archaea are the two domains of prokaryotes .", "Eukaryotes :", "Eukaryotic cells are also surrounded by the plasma membrane , but on the other hand , they have distinct nuclei bound by a nuclear membrane or envelope .", "Eukaryotic cells also contain membrane - bound organelles , such as ( mitochondria , chloroplasts , lysosomes , rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum , vacuoles ) .", "In addition , they possess organized chromosomes which store genetic material ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Human rights in the Philippines", "text": "Special Non-Working Holiday Pay If an employee works on 21 August , Ninoy Aquino Day , 1 November , All Saints Day , and / or 31 December , Last Day of the year , his wage will be : for first eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of the daily rate for excess of eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of hourly rate on said day If an employee works on 21 August , Ninoy Aquino Day , 1 November , All Saints Day , and / or 31 December , Last Day of the Year and it falls under his rest day , his wage will be for the first eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus fifty percent ( 50 % ) of the daily rate excess of eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of hourly rate on said day Regular Holiday Pay Article 93 and 94 of the Philippine Labor Code states that a worker shall be paid his regular daily wage during regular holidays whether or not the employee goes to work . The employer can require an employee to work on any holiday but the employee must be paid an amount double his regular wage . If the holiday falls under the employee 's rest day , and he decides to work , his wage for the first eight ( 8 ) hours of his work will be doubled . If he works for more than eight ( 8 ) hours , then thirty percent ( 30 % ) of his hourly rate will be added to his wage for that day . The regular holidays according to EO 292 as amended by RA 9849 are as follows : New Year - 1 January Maundy Thursday - Movable Date Good Friday - Movable Date Araw ng Kagitingan - 9 April Labor Day - 1 May Independence Day - 12 June National Heroes Day - Last Monday of August Bonifacio Day - 30 November Eid'l Fitr - Movable Date Eid'l Adha - Movable Date Christmas Day - 25 December Rizal Day - 30 December Leave", "sentences": [ "Special Non-Working Holiday Pay If an employee works on 21 August , Ninoy Aquino Day , 1 November , All Saints Day , and / or 31 December , Last Day of the year , his wage will be : for first eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of the daily rate for excess of eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of hourly rate on said day If an employee works on 21 August , Ninoy Aquino Day , 1 November , All Saints Day , and / or 31 December , Last Day of the Year and it falls under his rest day , his wage will be for the first eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus fifty percent ( 50 % ) of the daily rate excess of eight ( 8 ) hours of work - plus thirty percent ( 30 % ) of hourly rate on said day Regular Holiday Pay Article 93 and 94 of the Philippine Labor Code states that a worker shall be paid his regular daily wage during regular holidays whether or not the employee goes to work .", "The employer can require an employee to work on any holiday but the employee must be paid an amount double his regular wage .", "If the holiday falls under the employee 's rest day , and he decides to work , his wage for the first eight ( 8 ) hours of his work will be doubled .", "If he works for more than eight ( 8 ) hours , then thirty percent ( 30 % ) of his hourly rate will be added to his wage for that day .", "The regular holidays according to EO 292 as amended by RA 9849 are as follows : New Year - 1 January Maundy Thursday - Movable Date", "Good Friday - Movable Date Araw ng Kagitingan - 9 April Labor Day - 1 May Independence Day - 12 June National Heroes Day - Last Monday of August Bonifacio Day - 30 November Eid'l Fitr - Movable Date Eid'l Adha - Movable Date Christmas Day - 25 December Rizal Day - 30 December Leave" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "BuzzFeed", "text": "While working at the Huffington Post , Peretti started BuzzFeed ( originally called BuzzFeed Laboratories ) as a side project , in 2006 , in partnership with his former supervisor John Johnson . In the beginning , BuzzFeed employed no writers or editors , just an `` algorithm to cull stories from around the web that were showing stirrings of virality . '' The site initially launched an instant messaging client , BuzzBot , which messaged users a link to popular content . The messages were sent based on algorithms which examined the links that were being quickly disseminated , scouring through the feeds of hundreds of blogs that were aggregating them . Later , the site began spotlighting the most popular links that BuzzBot found . Peretti hired curators to help describe the content that was popular around the web . In 2011 , Peretti hired Politico 's Ben Smith , who earlier had achieved much attention as a political blogger , to assemble a news operation in addition to the many aggregated `` listicles '' .", "sentences": [ "While working at the Huffington Post , Peretti started BuzzFeed ( originally called BuzzFeed Laboratories ) as a side project , in 2006 , in partnership with his former supervisor John Johnson .", "In the beginning , BuzzFeed employed no writers or editors , just an `` algorithm to cull stories from around the web that were showing stirrings of virality . ''", "The site initially launched an instant messaging client , BuzzBot , which messaged users a link to popular content .", "The messages were sent based on algorithms which examined the links that were being quickly disseminated , scouring through the feeds of hundreds of blogs that were aggregating them .", "Later , the site began spotlighting the most popular links that BuzzBot found .", "Peretti hired curators to help describe the content that was popular around the web .", "In 2011 , Peretti hired Politico 's Ben Smith , who earlier had achieved much attention as a political blogger , to assemble a news operation in addition to the many aggregated `` listicles '' ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Call Me by Your Name (film)", "text": "Principal photography on Call Me by Your Name lasted around 33 days . It began on May 9 , 2016 , and was completed in June 2016 . The process occurred quietly , with reports only appearing after filming had been underway for two weeks . The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona . It was filmed during an unexpected , heavy rainstorm in Italy that was described by Spears as `` the coldest , wettest , stormiest time in 200 years in Europe . '' A search for extras in Crema began in March and April . Scenes set in the nearby villages Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from May 17 , before moving to Crema on June 1 . Additional outdoor scenes were shot on December 4 , 2016 . Production in Crema cost € 18,000 , and a promotion campaign cost € 7,500 .", "sentences": [ "Principal photography on Call Me by Your Name lasted around 33 days .", "It began on May 9 , 2016 , and was completed in June 2016 .", "The process occurred quietly , with reports only appearing after filming had been underway for two weeks .", "The film was shot primarily in Crema and the province of Cremona .", "It was filmed during an unexpected , heavy rainstorm in Italy that was described by Spears as `` the coldest , wettest , stormiest time in 200 years in Europe . ''", "A search for extras in Crema began in March and April .", "Scenes set in the nearby villages Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from May 17 , before moving to Crema on June 1 .", "Additional outdoor scenes were shot on December 4 , 2016 .", "Production in Crema cost € 18,000 , and a promotion campaign cost € 7,500 ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "War of the Austrian Succession", "text": "Frederick obtained an alliance with the French against the Austrians , signing the Treaty of Breslau on 5 June . Accordingly , the French began to cross the Rhine on 15 August and joined the Bavarian Elector 's forces on the Danube and advanced towards Vienna . The combined forces of the French and the Bavarians captured the Austrian town of Linz on 14 September . However , at this point , the objective was suddenly changed , and after many countermarches the anti-Austrian allies advanced , in three widely separated corps , on Prague . A French corps moved via Amberg and Pilsen . The Elector marched on Budweis , and the Saxons ( who had now joined the allies against Austria ) invaded Bohemia by the Elbe valley . The Austrians could at first offer little resistance , but before long a considerable force intervened at Tábor between the Danube and the allies , and Austrian troops including Neipperg were soon transferred from Silesia back to the west to defend the Austrian capital , Vienna , from the French .", "sentences": [ "Frederick obtained an alliance with the French against the Austrians , signing the Treaty of Breslau on 5 June .", "Accordingly , the French began to cross the Rhine on 15 August and joined the Bavarian Elector 's forces on the Danube and advanced towards Vienna .", "The combined forces of the French and the Bavarians captured the Austrian town of Linz on 14 September .", "However , at this point , the objective was suddenly changed , and after many countermarches the anti-Austrian allies advanced , in three widely separated corps , on Prague .", "A French corps moved via Amberg and Pilsen .", "The Elector marched on Budweis , and the Saxons ( who had now joined the allies against Austria ) invaded Bohemia by the Elbe valley .", "The Austrians could at first offer little resistance , but before long a considerable force intervened at Tábor between the Danube and the allies , and Austrian troops including Neipperg were soon transferred from Silesia back to the west to defend the Austrian capital , Vienna , from the French ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Distributor", "text": "The rotor is attached to the top of the distributor shaft which is driven by the engine 's camshaft and thus synchronized to it . Synchronization to the camshaft is required as the rotor must turn at exactly half the speed of the main crankshaft in the 4 - stroke cycle . Often , the rotor and distributor are attached directly to the end of the one of ( or the only ) camshaft , at the opposite end to the timing drive belt . This rotor is pressed against a carbon brush on the center terminal of the distributor cap which connects to the ignition coil . The rotor is constructed such that the center tab is electrically connected to its outer edge so the current coming in to the center post travels through the carbon point to the outer edge of the rotor . As the camshaft rotates , the rotor spins and its outer edge passes each of the internal plug terminals to fire each spark plug in sequence .", "sentences": [ "The rotor is attached to the top of the distributor shaft which is driven by the engine 's camshaft and thus synchronized to it .", "Synchronization to the camshaft is required as the rotor must turn at exactly half the speed of the main crankshaft in the 4 - stroke cycle .", "Often , the rotor and distributor are attached directly to the end of the one of ( or the only ) camshaft , at the opposite end to the timing drive belt .", "This rotor is pressed against a carbon brush on the center terminal of the distributor cap which connects to the ignition coil .", "The rotor is constructed such that the center tab is electrically connected to its outer edge so the current coming in to the center post travels through the carbon point to the outer edge of the rotor .", "As the camshaft rotates , the rotor spins and its outer edge passes each of the internal plug terminals to fire each spark plug in sequence ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Rachel Green", "text": "Rachel has had several romantic relationships throughout Friends decade - long run , the most famous and prominent of which remains her on - again , off - again relationship with friend Ross . Although wildly popular among audiences , the couple has been met with mixed reviews from critics . Katherine Hassel of the Daily Express described the characters ' relationship as `` the heart of the show '' . China Daily cited Ross and Rachel 's reunion during the series finale `` The Last One '' among the episode 's highlights , while Gary Susman of Rolling Stone believes that audiences would not have been happy had the couple not ultimately reunited . Contrastingly , The Wire 's Joe Reid is of the opinion that the show 's second season is `` the only time Ross / Rachel was truly great '' . Virgin Media wrote that the couple 's dynamics `` had grown mightily tedious '' by season ten . E ! cable network ranked Rachel and Ross the ninth greatest Friends couple , writing that their relationship gave `` Friends fans enough iconic quotes to fill a book '' , considering Phoebe 's line `` See ? ( Ross is ) her lobster ! '' to be among show 's most iconic . Ross and Rachel 's season three breakup has spawned a debate among Friends fans , who continue to argue over which of the two was at fault : Rachel for suggesting that they take a break from their relationship , or Ross for sleeping with another woman immediately afterwards . Writing for E ! , Jenna Mullins ruled in favor of Rachel , elaborating , `` there is no excuse for Ross sleeping with someone else after his lobster suggested taking a break '' , concluding that Ross `` blew it '' . The Jewish community was particularly receptive to the fact that a Jewish - American couple existed on prime time television , described by Lilith magazine as `` a televisual first '' .", "sentences": [ "Rachel has had several romantic relationships throughout Friends decade - long run , the most famous and prominent of which remains her on - again , off - again relationship with friend Ross .", "Although wildly popular among audiences , the couple has been met with mixed reviews from critics .", "Katherine Hassel of the Daily Express described the characters ' relationship as `` the heart of the show '' .", "China Daily cited Ross and Rachel 's reunion during the series finale `` The Last One '' among the episode 's highlights , while Gary Susman of Rolling Stone believes that audiences would not have been happy had the couple not ultimately reunited .", "Contrastingly , The Wire 's Joe Reid is of the opinion that the show 's second season is `` the only time Ross / Rachel was truly great '' .", "Virgin Media wrote that the couple 's dynamics `` had grown mightily tedious '' by season ten .", "E ! cable network ranked Rachel and Ross the ninth greatest Friends couple , writing that their relationship gave `` Friends fans enough iconic quotes to fill a book '' , considering Phoebe 's line `` See ?", "( Ross is ) her lobster ! ''", "to be among show 's most iconic .", "Ross and Rachel 's season three breakup has spawned a debate among Friends fans , who continue to argue over which of the two was at fault : Rachel for suggesting that they take a break from their relationship , or Ross for sleeping with another woman immediately afterwards .", "Writing for E ! , Jenna Mullins ruled in favor of Rachel , elaborating , `` there is no excuse for Ross sleeping with someone else after his lobster suggested taking a break '' , concluding that Ross `` blew it '' .", "The Jewish community was particularly receptive to the fact that a Jewish - American couple existed on prime time television , described by Lilith magazine as `` a televisual first '' ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire", "text": "In the sources recorded by Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún and Dominican Diego Durán , there are accounts of events that were interpreted as supernatural omens of the conquest . These two accounts are full - blown narratives from the viewpoint of the Spanish opponents . Most first - hand accounts about the conquest of the Aztec Empire were written by Spaniards : Hernán Cortés ' letters to Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor and the first - person narrative of Bernal Díaz del Castillo , The True History of the Conquest of New Spain . The primary sources from the native people affected as a result of the conquest are seldom used , because they tend to reflect the views of a particular native group , such as the Tlaxcalans . Indigenous accounts were written in pictographs as early as 1525 . Later accounts were written in the native tongue of the Aztec and other native peoples of central Mexico , Nahuatl .", "sentences": [ "In the sources recorded by Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún and Dominican Diego Durán , there are accounts of events that were interpreted as supernatural omens of the conquest .", "These two accounts are full - blown narratives from the viewpoint of the Spanish opponents .", "Most first - hand accounts about the conquest of the Aztec Empire were written by Spaniards : Hernán Cortés ' letters to Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor and the first - person narrative of Bernal Díaz del Castillo , The True History of the Conquest of New Spain .", "The primary sources from the native people affected as a result of the conquest are seldom used , because they tend to reflect the views of a particular native group , such as the Tlaxcalans .", "Indigenous accounts were written in pictographs as early as 1525 .", "Later accounts were written in the native tongue of the Aztec and other native peoples of central Mexico , Nahuatl ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Shameless (season 2)", "text": "The Gallaghers celebrate Thanksgiving by inviting a large group over , planning on eating the bald eagle Carl shot with a gun he found . Lip prepares himself for the arrival of his baby by creating a movie for when the child grows up . Estefania 's boyfriend Marco ( Thierre Di Castro ) finally shows up and is enraged that Steve had sex with her , even though they 're married . Frank tries to get his share of his mother 's money from his brother Clayton ( Kristoffer Winters ) but is unsuccessful . Ian goes back to the gay club and sleeps with an older businessman calling himself Ned . As the Gallaghers celebrate thanksgiving dinner , Monica attempts to commit suicide , abruptly ending the family 's gathering . Karen goes into labor and gives birth . The baby turns out to be Asian and has down syndrome , and Lip realizes it 's not his . The baby 's adoptive parents decide not to take it , and Karen does n't want it . Sheila ends up stealing it from the maternity ward .", "sentences": [ "The Gallaghers celebrate Thanksgiving by inviting a large group over , planning on eating the bald eagle Carl shot with a gun he found .", "Lip prepares himself for the arrival of his baby by creating a movie for when the child grows up .", "Estefania 's boyfriend Marco ( Thierre Di Castro ) finally shows up and is enraged that Steve had sex with her , even though they 're married .", "Frank tries to get his share of his mother 's money from his brother Clayton ( Kristoffer Winters ) but is unsuccessful .", "Ian goes back to the gay club and sleeps with an older businessman calling himself Ned .", "As the Gallaghers celebrate thanksgiving dinner , Monica attempts to commit suicide , abruptly ending the family 's gathering .", "Karen goes into labor and gives birth .", "The baby turns out to be Asian and has down syndrome , and Lip realizes it 's not his .", "The baby 's adoptive parents decide not to take it , and Karen does n't want it .", "Sheila ends up stealing it from the maternity ward ." ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Hades", "text": "The origin of Hades ' name is uncertain , but has generally been seen as meaning `` The Unseen One '' since antiquity . An extensive section of Plato 's dialogue Cratylus is devoted to the etymology of the god 's name , in which Socrates is arguing for a folk etymology not from `` unseen '' but from `` his knowledge ( eidenai ) of all noble things '' . Modern linguists have proposed the Proto - Greek form * Awides ( `` unseen '' ) . The earliest attested form is Aḯdēs ( Ἀΐδης ) , which lacks the proposed digamma . West argues instead for an original meaning of `` the one who presides over meeting up '' from the universality of death . Amphora", "sentences": [ "The origin of Hades ' name is uncertain , but has generally been seen as meaning `` The Unseen One '' since antiquity .", "An extensive section of Plato 's dialogue Cratylus is devoted to the etymology of the god 's name , in which Socrates is arguing for a folk etymology not from `` unseen '' but from `` his knowledge ( eidenai ) of all noble things '' .", "Modern linguists have proposed the Proto - Greek form *", "Awides ( `` unseen '' ) .", "The earliest attested form is Aḯdēs ( Ἀΐδης ) , which lacks the proposed digamma .", "West argues instead for an original meaning of `` the one who presides over meeting up '' from the universality of death .", "Amphora" ] } ]

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[ { "title": "Book of Enoch", "text": "In 1893 , Robert Charles judged Chapter 71 to be a later addition . He would later change his opinion and give an early date for the work between 94 and 64 BCE . The 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia states that Son of Man is found in the Book of Enoch , but never in the original material . It occurs in the `` Noachian interpolations '' ( lx. 10 , lxxi. 14 ) , in which it has clearly no other meaning than ' man ' . The author of the work misuses or corrupts the titles of the angels . Charles views the title Son of Man , as found in the Book of Parables , as referring to a supernatural person , a Messiah who is not of human descent . In that part of the Book of Enoch known as the Similitudes , it has the technical sense of a supernatural Messiah and judge of the world ( xlvi. 2 , xlviii. 2 , lxx. 27 ) ; universal dominion and preexistence are predicated of him ( xlviii. 2 , lxvii. 6 ) . He sits on God 's throne ( xlv. 3 , li. 3 ) , which is his own throne . Though Charles does not admit it , these passages betray Christian redaction and emendation . Many scholars have suggested that passages in the Book of Parables are Noachian interpolations . These passages seem to interrupt the flow of the narrative . Darrell D. Hannah suggests that these passages are not , in total , novel interpolations , but rather derived from an earlier Noah apocryphon . He believes that some interpolations refer to Herod the Great and should be dated to around 4 BCE .", "sentences": [ "In 1893 , Robert Charles judged Chapter 71 to be a later addition .", "He would later change his opinion and give an early date for the work between 94 and 64 BCE .", "The 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia states that Son of Man is found in the Book of Enoch , but never in the original material .", "It occurs in the `` Noachian interpolations '' ( lx. 10 , lxxi.", "14 ) , in which it has clearly no other meaning than ' man ' .", "The author of the work misuses or corrupts the titles of the angels .", "Charles views the title Son of Man , as found in the Book of Parables , as referring to a supernatural person , a Messiah who is not of human descent .", "In that part of the Book of Enoch known as the Similitudes , it has the technical sense of a supernatural Messiah and judge of the world ( xlvi.", "2 , xlviii. 2 , lxx. 27 ) ; universal dominion and preexistence are predicated of him ( xlviii.", "2 , lxvii.", "6 ) .", "He sits on God 's throne ( xlv. 3 , li. 3 ) , which is his own throne .", "Though Charles does not admit it , these passages betray Christian redaction and emendation .", "Many scholars have suggested that passages in the Book of Parables are Noachian interpolations .", "These passages seem to interrupt the flow of the narrative .", "Darrell D. Hannah suggests that these passages are not , in total , novel interpolations , but rather derived from an earlier Noah apocryphon .", "He believes that some interpolations refer to Herod the Great and should be dated to around 4 BCE ." ] } ]

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