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4,553 | Due to gene mutation, cells proliferate and differentiate uncontrollably, and eventually develop into malignant tumors. There are many abnormal proteins encoded by mutant genes on the surface of cancer cells. It is reasonable to say that these abnormal proteins should be recognized by the body's immune system in time, and trigger an immune response to remove cancer cells at one stroke. However, due to the rapid development of tumor cells, they are very good at camouflage, Moreover, it is constantly mutated. In the face of fierce and resourceful tumor cells, the originally powerful immune cells seem to be unable and even turn a blind eye to some tumor cells. The immunosuppression formed in the tumor microenvironment makes the immune system paralyzed. | The study that compares the lifestyle and personality characteristics of patients with malignant tumors with those of healthy people to find out the risk factors inducing tumor incidence may contribute to the development of effective antitumor drugs according to the above information. | entailment |
13,196 | Federal investigators, called in at the request of the management of Ploutos National Bank, recently apprehended a ring of seven embezzlers from among the bank' s employees. The bank management decided to call in the federal investigators when they were unable to account for millions of dollars missing in their budget for this year. All the funds those seven individuals embezzled have been returned to the bank, and that accounts for about two thirds of the total amount missing. All seven of the accused have plea-bargained to avoid trial and are now serving in prison on reduced sentences. | The conclusion that the Ploutos National Bank still has reason to suspect more embezzlers beyond the seven apprehended by Federal investigators can most properly be drawn from the information above. | entailment |
13,677 | The Green Peas Grocery Store in the remote wealthy enclave of Luxville charges more than the Green Peas Grocery Store in Oak City charges for the same items. Clearly, on any given item, the Green Peas grocery franchise is taking advantage of its location in Luxville to reap higher profits on that item. | In evaluating the argument, it would be most useful to compare the average cost of the same or comparable items at other grocery stores in Oak City with the average cost at other stores in Luxville. | not-entailment |
13,994 | Mysterious ancient tracks cut into limestone have recently been found on the island of Malta. The tracks wander, sometimes disappearing under modem structures. Their origin and purpose are unknown, but evidence indicates that they could have connected settlements or water sources. One archaeologist hypothesizes, based on the tracks' physical appearance and surroundings, that they were made in about 1000 B. C. by animal-drawn carts. | The statement 'Areas near the tracks have yielded relatively large amounts of fossilized animal excrement dating from approximately 1000 B. C.' most helps to support the archaeologist's hypothesis mentioned above. | entailment |
1,839 | Japanese culture has been exerting a subtle influence on the West after the war and now it has increasingly become an important part of mainstream culture. Takashi Murakami, Nara Meiji and Haruki Murakami have become prominent symbols of popular culture in the world. The shadow of Japanese animation can be clearly seen in a number of Hollywood blockbusters such as the Matrix. And in these Japanese culture that affects the world (including China), what we see is not a very superficial chrysanthemum and knife and so on, but something more essential, and some things need to be carefully considered before we can really understand. | The main description of this passage is that Japanese culture has penetrated into the cultural fields of many countries in the world. | entailment |
3,166 | Venture investment: a kind of equity capital invested by professional financiers into emerging, rapidly developing enterprises with great competitive potential. | Yu took the opportunity to invest in a new battery manufacturing company and obtained 25% of its shares belongs to venture investment. | entailment |
14,558 | Editorialist: Drivers with a large number of demerit points who additionally have been convicted of a serious driving-related offense should either be sentenced to jail or be forced to receive driver re-education, since to do otherwise would be to allow a crime to go unpunished. Only if such drivers are likely to be made more responsible drivers should driver re-education be recommended for them. Unfortunately, it is always almost impossible to make drivers with a large number of demerit points more responsible drivers. | Drivers with a large number of demerit points who have been convicted of a serious driving-related offense should be sent to jail if the editorialist's statements are true. | entailment |
13,301 | Commentator: For a free market to function properly, each prospective buyer of an item must be able to contact a large number of independent prospective sellers and compare the prices charged for the item to what the item is worth. Thus, despite advertised prices and written estimates available from many of its individual businesses, the auto repair industry does not constitute a properly functioning free market. | The conclusion of the commentator's argument follows logically if it is assumed that some persons who are shopping for auto repairs cannot determine what these repairs are worth. | entailment |
3,419 | The most popular so-called Star, Singer is actually not a real star. They do not deserve the attention and admiration of the public for their artistic achievements, cultural accomplishments and personal qualities. | A true star deserves the attention and admiration of the public cannot be inferred from the above discussion. | not-entailment |
10,839 | Insect infestations in certain cotton-growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. By contrast, the price of soybeans has long remained stable. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in Ortovia plan to cease growing soybeans and begin raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price of cotton to increase their income significantly, at least over the next several years. | The statement 'The species of insect that has infested cotton plants has never been known to attack soybean plants' most seriously weakens the plan's chances for success. | not-entailment |
728 | Physiologists have found that human brain hair, which is in charge of advanced cognitive functions such as memory and thinking, has six layers under normal circumstances. If the fetus lacks an enzyme called Cdk5, the development of cerebral cortex will become extremely slow and can not finally form the layered structure of normal cerebral cortex, which will seriously affect children's cognitive development. Some people in the medical industry speculate that using this discovery, It is expected to develop drugs to generally improve students' learning ability | The statement "After teenagers pass the critical period of brain development, the supplement of ddk5 enzyme does not work" cannot question the above speculation. | entailment |
299 | The column settings of a literary journal website are usually adjusted at any time based on reader feedback and page views. In September last year, a batch of new columns appeared on the revised website. Among them, 5 columns are serials of comedy and humor, 3 columns are serials of long-form science fiction novels, and 2 columns are literary criticism. As of January this year, only 7 of these newly launched columns are still being updated, 5 of which are serials of comedy and humor. | At least one column in the category of long-form science fiction novel has been offline if the above statement is true. | entailment |
9,572 | Online social consumption refers to a way of consumption. In the process of online social, it will have the desire to impromptu consumption of certain goods, with the help of the link of the social platform to complete the purchasing behavior. | Xiao Xia saw an article about a brand of treadmill on Weibo and felt very much to his taste. She did not hesitate to click on a like and bought one through the URL behind Weibo belongs to online social consumption. | entailment |
3,392 | A security is a written document which establishes and attests to the holder's right to a certain property right. A right represented by a security is combined with a written document recording the right. When the obligee exercises his right, he may not, in principle, leave the securities. | Treasury bill does not belong to the security. | not-entailment |
8,407 | Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang, Xiao Li and Xiao Zhao joined the study group. Everyone chooses one of these three books from the first volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, the second volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and the third volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and then selects one or three topics from this book to study, and talk about the experience. It is known that: (1) the books selected by Xiao Zhang and Xiao Zhao are different, and the number of topics they choose to study is also different. (2) one person chose a topic to study. Two people chose two topics to study. (3) Xiao Li chose the three topics in the third volume of Xi Jinping on Governance. (4) each book was selected. Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhao selected the first volume of Xi Jinping on governing the country. | Xiao Wang chose two topics to study can be inferred. | entailment |
6,831 | In the setting of bus stop names, convenience for citizens should be regarded as the first principle. at the same time, some station names also have certain urban characteristics and retain cultural functions such as urban historical information. Today, with the rapid development of the city and the ever-changing appearance, the original meaning is lost due to layout adjustment and environmental changes, coupled with some new or changed routes continue to produce new stations, bus stop names change and increase or decrease occur from time to time. On the other hand, some large shopping malls, cultural and technological companies not only have a good reputation, but are familiar to the public, and can be used as landmark buildings, or even the business cards of cities, to use these enterprise names to name bus stops in a market-oriented way of operation. There's nothing wrong with it. | The names of some enterprises can be used to name bus stops explains the gist of the passage. | not-entailment |
2,318 | When treating dental caries, dentists must first remove the carious part of the tooth, and then fill the material to repair the defective tooth. However, 10% to 15% of the fillings will fail, and the fillings used do not have the ability to make the teeth self-heal Functions and even side effects. In view of this, researchers have developed a filler made of synthetic biological materials that can stimulate the growth of stem cells in the dental pulp and repair damaged parts. This filler can stimulate the proliferation of stem cells , And differentiate into dentin. If the fillings of the future fillings are made of such regenerated materials, it will reduce the failure rate of the fillings and reduce the pain of the dental pulp of patients with tooth decay. | Newly developed dental fillings can stimulate self-healing of damaged teeth can be inferred. | entailment |
12,188 | Magazine Publisher: Our magazine does not have a liberal bias. It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position. Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions. | Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher's response. | entailment |
1,981 | There is a saying that the human brain has a reward circuit for sugar, that is, sugar intake, which causes the brain to secrete substances that make people happy. Dopamine is the eloquent salesman who makes you fall into a sugar trap before you know it. However, eating too much can be counterproductive. The study found that the consequences of long-term high sugar may lead not only to physical obesity, but also to psychological depression. But it will not take overnight to understand the relationship between food and human body and mind. It will be a long-term study. | The more sugar you eat, the more happiness you will feel is true according to this passage. | not-entailment |
5,610 | Some medical studies have shown that taking vitamin and mineral supplements does not significantly help the human body, and sometimes even causes harm to the human body. Some doctors advise not to take vitamin and mineral supplements anymore, but to supplement the vitamins and minerals needed by the human body through a balanced diet. | An eight-year follow-up survey of 10000 men showed that not taking vitamin and mineral supplements did not increase their risk of disease, if true, weakens the above findings. | not-entailment |
3,270 | Some researchers believe that The traditional Chinese agricultural culture is fundamentally different from the nomadic culture in Europe and America and the Marine culture in Japan, which has a profound impact on people's way of life and ideas, as well as the national defense construction. Thousands of years of agricultural economy and culture is the root cause of some Chinese people's weak sense of national defense and weakened military spirit. | The statement 'He people advocating agricultural culture are industrious, wise, thrifty, united, benevolent and righteous, which are manifested in the defense of the country' most weakens the conclusion. | entailment |
12,421 | Senator Strongwood reported that, contrary to a study cited by the administration, a thorough study by his own party concluded that a reduction in the capital gains tax would lead to an increase in the federal deficit. Hooray for common sense, he said. Everyone knows that when you cut taxes you lose revenue. He concluded that the administration' s plan for reducing the capital gains tax was now dead, because he could not imagine any senator voting to increase the deficit. | Senator Strongwood assumes senators will believe his party's report instead of the administration's in advancing his argument. | entailment |
9,863 | A common non-stick coating for non-stick pans is Teflon coating. Ammonium perfluorooctanoate is a processing aid used in a very small amount in the production. Data suggest that high doses of ammonium perfluorooctanoate may lead to elevated cholesterol levels, thyroid disease, and infertility. Teflon has very stable physical and chemical properties at normal temperature and normal conditions. Cookware with Teflon non-stick coating will not change in the temperature range from normal temperature to 260 °C, but when the temperature exceeds 260 °C, the coating will not change. The layer gradually transitions to an unstable state, and decomposition occurs when the temperature exceeds 350 °C. During normal cooking, the boiling point of water is 100°C, and stir-frying with a higher temperature is usually only about 200°C. Even if frying is used, the oil temperature will not exceed 250°C. However, if you like to dry the pot and add oil after cooking, the temperature in the pot will easily exceed 260°C. | The statement 'Normally cooking without worrying about the release of harmful substances from nonstick pans' cannot be launched. | not-entailment |
10,659 | In Yasukawa' s month-long study of blackbirds, the percentage of smaller birds that survived the duration of the study exceeded the percentage of larger birds that survived. However, Yasukawa' s conclusion that size is a determinant of a blackbird' s chances of survival over a month-long period is probably mistaken, since smaller blackbirds are generally younger than larger ones. | The statement "Among blackbirds of the same age, a difference in size may not indicate a difference in chances of survival over a month-long period" is supported by the statements above. | entailment |
7,755 | The headline model refers to an information service model in which Internet companies, media, etc. accurately push and screen out information to specific users and have important reference value for users. | A new media company analyzes customer data and organizes a dedicated team to screen different types of information in real time to ensure that specific users can see the content they care about in the first time belongs to the headline model. | entailment |
3,143 | The government should not allow tobacco companies to deduct advertising expenses from their operating income. In this way, tobacco companies will pay more taxes. They have to raise the price of their products, which can reduce tobacco purchase. | The statement 'It is impossible for tobacco companies to reduce other costs to offset the overpayment of taxes' is the premise of the above conclusion. | entailment |
6,722 | Wang Zengqi once said that language is not an external thing, it exists at the same time as internal thought and cannot be separated. In his view, to write a novel is to write language, Chinese class is to learn language, but language is not an empty shell, but to carry a variety of ideas, philosophy, ethics and morality. How to be a man, how to treat parents, brothers and sisters, how to treat friends, how to treat nation-state and their own labor, and so on, these coexist with language in Chinese class. In this sense, Chinese education must absorb and inherit traditional culture, and poetry is undoubtedly the integration of traditional culture. | The main content of this text is the importance of paying attention to the role of poetry in Chinese education. | entailment |
6,136 | Human self-esteem can be divided into conditional self-esteem and unconditional self-esteem. The former is self-esteem obtained by reaching some preset standards. The sense of self-worth depends on the realization of these standards, rather than the true needs of the self. Conditional self-esteem people often do not understand their own needs, and their self-esteem standards are internalized. If the parents' love is conditional, they will reward their desires and punish the undesirable behaviors, which imposes standards of behavior on the children. Children will unconsciously regard this standard as their life pursuit. Conditional self-esteem is often expressed through strong self-awareness. Such people always see themselves through the eyes of others. | The man of conditional self-esteem is often too much in the unexpected world is consistent with the meaning of this text. | entailment |
2,997 | Grain can be traded in the futures market before harvesting. If grain production is predicted to be insufficient, grain futures prices will rise; if grain harvests are predicted, grain futures prices will fall. This morning, meteorologists predicted that from tomorrow there will be much-needed rainfall in the grain-producing areas. Therefore, since sufficient moisture is very important to the survival of current grains, the price of grain futures today will fall sharply. | If true, the statement "Tomorrow's rainfall predicted by meteorologists is likely to extend beyond the grain-producing areas" weakens the above point of view most seriously. | not-entailment |
13,945 | The school principal insisted that student failures are caused by bad teaching. In a relatively short time failing grades disappeared from the school. The principal happily recognized this as evidence that the teaching had improved at the school. | The flawed pattern of reasoning in the above is most similar to that in which the nutritionist insisted that the weight gain that team members complained of was caused by their thinking of food too often. The nutritionist was happy to conclude that the weight gain had stopped once the team members reported that they had stopped thinking of food so often. | not-entailment |
6,928 | For more than one hundred years, modern language science has experienced three important periods, which are represented by historical comparative linguistics, structural linguistics and transformational generative linguistics. | The most accurate retelling of this paragraph is that historical comparative linguistics, structuralist linguistics and transformational generative linguistics have all experienced more than 100 years of development. | not-entailment |
9,860 | Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said. | The statement 'E-cigarettes are less harmful to health than traditional cigarettes, but still contain many harmful substances' best supports the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
1,799 | China is setting off an investment boom in 3D printing. In the face of the broad prospect of 3 D printing, various places have built 3 D printing industrial parks and introduced various preferential policies. But enthusiasm is not enough to develop the emerging technology of 3D printing. In the 3D printing industry chain, the constraints of key technologies, materials and software need to be broken through. 3D printing technology is still in its infancy. If a large number of enterprises and capital pour into the 3 D printing industry, it will not produce benefits in a short period of time. | The development of 3D printing technology is intended to be explained in this paragraph. | not-entailment |
1,912 | Nature is the environment for the development and continuation of human life. At the same time, productive labor, as a medium in the process of material exchange between man and nature, is the starting point for the formation and development of human social relations. In the process of processing natural materials, people form the relationship between people-- relations of production, and thus form national, class, family and other complex social relations. | The argument is supported by the statement 'The relationship between man and man, man and society is based on the relationship between man and nature.' | entailment |
10,831 | In the paintings by seventeenth-century Dutch artist Vermeer, we find several recurrent items: a satin jacket, a certain Turkish carpet, and wooden chairs with lion' s head finials. These reappearing objects might seem to evince a dearth of props. Yet we know that many of the props Vermeer used were expensive. Thus, while we might speculate about exactly why Vermeer worked with a small number of familiar objects, it was clearly not for lack of props that the recurrent items were used. | The conclusion follows logically if the assumption that the several recurrent items that appeared in Vermeer's paintings had special sentimental importance for him is made. | not-entailment |
11,021 | Budget constraints have made police officials consider reassigning a considerable number of officers from traffic enforcement to work on higher-priority, serious crimes. Reducing traffic enforcement for this reason would be counterproductive, however, in light of the tendency of criminals to use cars when engaged in the commission of serious crimes. An officer stopping a car for a traffic violation can make a search that turns up evidence of serious crime. | The statement 'The great majority of persons who are stopped by officers for traffic violations are not guilty of any serious crimes' most strengthens the argument given. | not-entailment |
13,410 | All bridges built from 1950 to 1960 are in serious need of rehabilitation. Some bridges constructed in this period, however, were built according to faulty engineering design. That is the bad news. The good news is that at least some bridges in serious need of rehabilitation are not suspension bridges, since no suspension bridges are among the bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design. | Some bridges that were built according to faulty engineering design are in serious need of rehabilitation must also be true if the statements above are true, on the basis of those statements. | entailment |
4,360 | A criminal group refers to a criminal organization established by more than three persons in order to commit one or several crimes multiple times. | When examining a corruption case, as many as two hundred people were involved is a criminal group. | not-entailment |
11,946 | Emissions from automobiles that burn gasoline and automobiles that burn diesel fuel are threatening the quality of life on our planet, contaminating both urban air and global atmosphere. Ttherefore, the only effective way to reduce such emissions is to replace the conventional diesel fuel and gasoline used in automobiles with cleaner-burning fuels, such as methanol, that create fewer emissions. | Reducing the use of automobiles would not be a more effective means to reduce automobile emissions than the use of methanol is an assumption on which the argument depends. | entailment |
9,413 | The hot stove effect means that anyone in the organization who violates the rules and regulations will be punished. It gets its name because there are many similarities between touching a hot stove and imposing punishment. Hot stove vividly expounds the principle of punishment: first, the principle of warning. The hot stove is so hot that you don't have to touch it to know that it is hot. For example, the leaders of enterprises should often educate their subordinates in rules and regulations. Second, the principle of consistency. Every time you touch a hot stove, you are sure to get burned. As long as you violate the rules and regulations, you will certainly be punished. Third, the principle of immediacy. When you touch the hot stove, you get burned immediately. Punishment must be carried out immediately after the occurrence of the wrong act and must not be dragged on. Fourth, the principle of fairness. Whoever touches the hot stove will get burned. | According to the above definition, the option that "The prince violates the law and will be punished like ordinary people without special treatment" does not reflect the hot stove effect. | not-entailment |
13,153 | Some companies in fields where skilled employees are hard to find make signing an agreement not to compete a condition of employment. In such an agreement the employee promises not to go to work for a competing firm for a set period after leaving his or her current employer. Courts are increasingly ruling that these agreements are not binding. Yet paradoxically, for people who signed such agreements when working for competing firms, many firms are unwilling to consider hiring them during the period covered by the agreement. | Many companies will not risk having to become involved in lawsuits, even suits that they expect to have a favorable outcome, because of the associated costs and publicity is a statement that most helps to resolve the paradox. | entailment |
14,656 | Ana: On libertarian principles, I oppose the proposed smoking ban. It is not the government' s business to prevent people from doing things that harm only themselves. Pankaj: But keep in mind that the ban would apply only to smoking in public places. People could still smoke all they want in private. | Ana and Pankaj disagree over whether the proposed smoking ban is intended to prevent harm only to smokers themselves, as supported by the dialogue. | entailment |
13,982 | Limited research indicates that therapeutic intervention before the onset of mental disorders can mitigate factors identified as major contributors to them. But a much more comprehensive research program is needed to verify these results and allow for the design of specific health care measures. Thus, in order to explore a potential means of cost-effectively helping people prone to mental disorders, we should increase funding for intervention research. | Reducing known risk factors for mental disorders is relatively inexpensive compared to the long-term treatment required most strengthens the argument. | entailment |
8,594 | A certain unit has enrolled 8 fresh graduates this year, of which A and B are liberal arts students, C, D and E are science students, and F, G and H are engineering students. Among the 8 people, A, C and F are ladies. The unit intends to select five people to form a research and development team, in which there should be at least one liberal arts student, one science student and one engineering student, and at least one woman should participate in the team. In addition, the following conditions should be met: (1) at most one person will participate in C and G; (2) if B attends, D will also participate; (3) both E and H will either participate or not. | The options B,D,E,F,G meet the above requirements for the R & D team. | not-entailment |
2,832 | Zhao Yuan's colleagues are all football fans, zhao Yuan's classmates who work in the software park are not football fans, Li Ya is both zhao Yuan's classmate and his colleague, Wang Wei is Zhao Yuan's classmate but does not work in the software park, Zhang Ming is Zhao Yuan's classmate but not a football fan. | Based on the above statement, it can be concluded that Li Ya doesn't work in the software park. | entailment |
7,007 | Civilization and culture are different. Civilization makes all ethnic groups in all places more and more similar. according to the German Elyas's process of civilization, civilization is a group society in which everyone lives according to the same rules, just like dancing to a beat and not stepping on his feet; and culture makes a nation different from other nations, it is born, not rules but habits. In fact, urbanization can also be seen this way: with the rapid development of cities, skyscrapers have become urban symbols, which is actually the result of the strong development of modern civilization in every corner of the world. However, we hope that civilization will not overwhelm culture and that identity will not eliminate differences. | The main content of this text is exploring the relationship between the process of urbanization and the development of civilization. | not-entailment |
1,869 | The brain is not only the most complex organ in biological structure and function, but also a superb, exquisite and perfect information processing system. The total number of nerve cells in the human brain is about 1012, equivalent to the total number of stars in the entire Milky way. In addition, there are 10 to 50 times more glial cells than nerve cells. The brain is in charge of human language, thinking, feeling, emotion, movement and other advanced activities, which are closely related to the topological structure of neurons or clusters of neurons in the brain network, which essentially determines the function of the whole brain. | The main content of this text is that the physiological structure of the brain provides the basis for processing complex information. | not-entailment |
8,911 | The members of the printing group and the bookbinding group are mainly from the following seven employees - F, G, H, J, K, L and M. The members of each group must meet the following conditions: (1) Each group has at least 3 employees . (2) F and K cannot be in the same group. (3) If K is in a certain group, J must also be in this group. (4) M is a member of at least one of these two groups. (5) Both groups have at least one same employee. | K can replace H in the binding group without violating any of the given conditions. | not-entailment |
11,806 | People who object to the proposed hazardous waste storage site by appealing to extremely implausible scenarios in which the site fails to contain the waste safely are overlooking the significant risks associated with delays in moving the waste from its present unsafe location. If we wait to remove the waste until we find a site certain to contain it safely, the waste will remain in its current location for many years, since it is currently impossible to guarantee that any site can meet that criterion. Yet keeping the waste at the current location for that long clearly poses unacceptable risks. | The statement that moving the waste to the proposed site would reduce the threat posed by the waste most strongly supports which one of the following. | entailment |
3,997 | Sunlight, radiation, air pollution, etc. in the outside environment will make the human body produce more reactive oxygen free radicals. Reactive oxygen free radicals are the root cause of human aging, and antioxidants can effectively remove excess free radicals from the body. | The correct option according to the above definition is that severe air pollution can affect the rate of aging and the effects of antioxidants. | not-entailment |
13,095 | After the Second World War, the charter of the newly formed United Nations established an eleven-member Security Council and charged it with taking collective action in response to threats to world peace. The charter further provided that the five nations that were then the major powers would permanently have sole authority to cast vetoes. The reason given for this arrangement was that the burden of maintaining world peace would rest on the world' s major powers, and no nation should be required to assume the burden of enforcing a decision it found repugnant. | The reason given for the structure of the Security Council assumes that decisions reached by a majority of nations in response to threats to world peace would be biased in favor of one or more major powers. | not-entailment |
7,127 | Interpol Wang returned to the Bureau after investigating a murder scene. The guard Lao Zhang asked him what the result was. Wang said he knew that the murderer had been to the scene. Lao Zhang knew that Interpol Wang was teasing him, because he didn't need Wang to tell him at all. He knew that if someone was a murderer, he must be at the scene at the time of the crime. | Even if Xu Liu is not at the crime scene, he may be a murderer can be inferred according to the answer. | not-entailment |
11,121 | At Tromen University this semester, some students taking French Literature 205 are also taking Biology 218. Every student taking Biology 218 at Tromen is a biology major. Ttherefore, some of the students taking French Literature 205 are not French-literature majors. | The conclusion drawn above follows logically if there are more biology majors than there are French-literature majors is assumed to be true at Tromen University. | not-entailment |
5,722 | Truth refers to the correct reflection of objective things and their laws in people's consciousness. Truth can be divided into rational truth and factual truth. Rational truth refers to the truth with universality and inevitability, and its opposite is impossible; Factual truth refers to the truth with contingency, and its opposite is possible. | According to the above definition, Kindness can be most effective only if it is given little by little is a rational truth. | not-entailment |
4,385 | Low carbon transportation refers to low carbon dioxide emission, low energy consumption, less pollution and environment-friendly transportation. | Take the subway does not belong to low-carbon transportation | not-entailment |
9,833 | A recent study proves the relationship between learning and sleep. The researchers published their findings in Learning Science, a collaborative journal of Nature, pointing out the quality and time of sleep and the persistence of sleep habits are positively correlated with academic performance. Adequate sleep is more beneficial to students' study. | Go to bed at a fixed time, get up, and form a fixed schedule, which can make up for the impact of short sleep time to a large extent is not the logical inference of the above assertion. | entailment |
4,084 | In computer language, there is a logical operation in which if two digits are zero on the same digit, the sum is zero, one is zero, one is one, or both are one, and the sum is one. | According to the definition, if the sum is one, then both numbers must be one is correct. | not-entailment |
8,340 | Four contestants, Zhang, Liu, Li and Zhao, who were not familiar with each other, participated in the university speech contest. They come from mathematics, logic, literature and history majors. Before the game, the four people made the following guesses: Zhang: Zhao's major is logic; Liu: Li's major is literature; Li: Zhang's major is not mathematics; Zhao: Liu's major is history. It was learned afterwards that only the guesses of mathematics and logic professionals were correct. | The respective majors of Zhang, Liu, Li, and Zhao can be inferred to be literature, history, logic, and mathematics based on the above information. | entailment |
3,480 | A student cheated in the exam and was found by the invigilator of the college. If the teacher reported the matter to the school, the student will be expelled from the school; If the student is expelled, the college's year-end assessment will be rejected by one vote. If the teacher does not report the matter to the school, the student's cheating in the exam will become more and more serious. | If the college's year-end assessment is rejected by one vote, cheating will not become more and more serious can be inferred. | not-entailment |
4,951 | There are several graduate students living in a dormitory, one of whom is from Heilongjiang, two from the north, one from Yunnan, two of them only took the philosophy of logic this semester, and three of them took classical music appreciation this semester. | It may be at least 3 people and it may be at most 8 people assuming that the above introduction involves all the people in this dormitory. | entailment |
5,229 | Export processing zones are a form of special economic zones. They are export-oriented special economic zones. They mainly use foreign capital, technology, and equipment, and take advantage of China's land, resources, labor and other advantages, and the products produced are mainly exported. | Shenzhen's Shekou Industrial Zone belongs to the export processing zone, where the method of processing supplied materials to cooperate with foreigners is used, and the products are sold abroad. | entailment |
7,849 | The crime of money laundering is to specify the crime of knowledge, organized crime of the nature of the underworld, the illegal income of smuggling crime and the income generated, in order to cover up, conceal its source and nature, and put it on the market by depositing in the financial structure, transferring funds, etc. Legalized behavior. | A giving the money from the smuggling of watches to his wife, who runs a real estate company and deposits it in the bank in the name of the company, does not constitute a crime of money laundering according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
2,310 | Albatrosses belong to the order Procellariiformes, with a tubular nose and a keen sense of smell, and often fly long distances at sea in order to find food. The plastic trash floating on the sea doesn't look delicious, but why did the albatross eat it and pay a heavy price for it? The researchers believe the reason: for albatrosses, the plastic garbage smells delicious. Food signal is a chemical called dimethyl sulfide (D.MS), which is produced by marine phytoplankton. | Birds of the order Gebliformes that are sensitive to the odor of D.MS can detect very low concentrations of odor molecules does not support the researcher's point of view. | not-entailment |
14,682 | On the surface, Melville' s Billy Budd is a simple story with a simple theme. However, if one views the novel as a religious allegory, then it assumes a richness and profundity that place it among the great novels of the nineteenth century. However, the central question remains: Did Melville intend an allegorical reading? Since there is no textual or historical evidence that he did, we should be content with reading Billy Budd as a simple tragedy. | The principle underlying the argument is that the only relevant evidence in deciding in which genre to place a novel is the author's stated intention. | not-entailment |
8,097 | Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment. | The literal meaning is that we call on the people to participate in the construction of ecological civilization. | not-entailment |
10,247 | Energy-saving lamps require less electricity and are more power-saving. Therefore, if people only use energy-saving lamps and do not use ordinary incandescent lamps that consume a lot of electricity, it will save a lot of electricity bills. | The hypothesis on which the above argument depends is that the brightness of energy-saving lamps is at least as bright as that of ordinary incandescent lamps. | entailment |
11,243 | One should always capitalize the main words and the first and last words of a title. But one should never capitalize articles, or prepositions and conjunctions with fewer than five letters, when they occur in the middle of a title. | If a word in the middle of a title should be capitalized, then that word is neither an article nor a conjunction shorter than five letters can be properly inferred from the statements above. | entailment |
10,820 | Biologist: Humans have five fingers because we descended from a fish with five phalanges in its fins. Despite our prejudices to the contrary, our configuration of fingers is no more or less useful than several other possible configurations, e. g. , six per hand. So, if humans had descended from a fish with six phalanges in its fins and had six fingers on each hand, then we would be just as content with that configuration. | The statement 'Humans are always equally content with two things of equal usefulness' most strengthens the biologist's argument. | entailment |
14,042 | In a certain democratic country the legislature passed a new tax law over the principled objections of the parliamentary opposition. Some opposition leaders broke the new law by refusing to pay the new tax. They defended their lawbreaking by citing the historical precedent in the country of activists' having to break laws in winning for women the right to vote. | The opposition leaders, unlike the activists, were part of the democratic process that they are defying most weakens the opposition leaders' argument in defense of their actions. | entailment |
11,704 | Heart attacks are most likely to occur on Mondays. The accepted explanation is that because Monday is the first day of the workweek, people feel more stress on Mondays than on other days. However, research shows that even unemployed retired people are more likely to have heart attacks on Mondays than on other days. | The statement 'Many retired people take up part-time jobs after they retire from their careers' most helps to explain the increased likelihood that an unemployed retiree will have a heart attack on a Monday. | not-entailment |
15,124 | The legislature of the Philippines voted recently to abolish the death penalty. In contrast, the death penalty remains legal in the United States. The difference in the legality of capital punishment demonstrates that the majority of American citizens believe in the death penalty, while the majority of Filipino citizens do not. | The legal standard used to determine whether a criminal should be sentenced to the death penalty in the United States is similar to the legal standard used in the Philippines before capital punishment was abolished there is an assumption upon which the above argument depends. | not-entailment |
10,593 | Journalist: <b> Every election year at this time the state government releases the financial disclosures that potential candidates must make in order to be eligible to run for office. </b> Among those making the required financial disclosure this year is a prominent local businessman, Arnold Bergeron. There has often been talk in the past of Mr. Bergeron' s running for governor, not least from Mr. Bergeron himself. <b> This year it is likely he finally will </b>, since those who have discounted the possibility of a Bergeron candidacy have always pointed to the necessity of making financial disclosure as the main obstacle to such a candidacy. | In the journalist's argument, the two boldfaced portions play the roles of stating evidence bearing against the main conclusion of the argument and stating that conclusion. | not-entailment |
8,119 | Objective-value fallacy is a kind of erroneous reasoning, its premise is a factual description, while the conclusion expresses a description involving value meaning, and this kind of reasoning does not presuppose obvious value judgment premise. | The world is becoming more and more urbanized, so people should not continue to live poetically in the countryside is an objective-value fallacy according to the above definition. | entailment |
13,321 | The enthusiastic acceptance of ascetic lifestyles evidenced in the surviving writings of monastic authors indicates that medieval societies were much less concerned with monetary gain than are contemporary Western cultures. | The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument generalizes from a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative. | entailment |
12,515 | Some critics argue that an opera' s stage directions are never reflected in its music. Many comic scenes in Mozart' s operas, however, open with violin phrases that sound like the squeaking of changing scenery. Clearly Mozart intended the music to echo the sounds occurring while stage directions are carried out. Hence, a change of scenery -- the most basic and frequent stage direction -- can be reflected in the music, which means that other operatic stage directions can be as well. | In the argument, the statement that many comic scenes in Mozart's operas open with violin phrases that sound like the squeaking of changing scenery is offered in support of the claim that an opera's stage directions are never reflected in its music. | not-entailment |
4,134 | Business Ethics Investigator: XYZ Coin Exchange has always misled its customers that some of its coins are very rare. In fact, those coins are relatively common and easy to get. XYZ Coin Exchange: This is ridiculous, XYZ Coin The exchange is one of the largest coin exchanges in the world. We sell coins that have been certified by an internationally certified company and have a coin distribution license. XYZ coin exchange's answer is very unconvincing, because it... | Listed the advantages of XYZ coin exchange, but did not answer the question of the business ethics investigator is the most appropriate as a link to the above. | entailment |
9,807 | China's special climatic environment has led to the formation of the custom of hot food in China. Hot food can not be touched directly by hand. Cutlery is needed to help you eat. During the warring States period, lacquer ware entered into the food utensils and gradually replaced the bronze ware. When using lacquer ware to carry food, if you use a knife and fork to eat, it will cause a lot of scratches and damage on the surface of the lacquer ware, affecting the beauty of the lacquer ware. Taking advantage of the good elasticity of bamboo, the ancestors of ancient China first made bamboo clips, accumulated experience in using them, and finally evolved chopsticks. | During the warring States period, people gave up knives and forks to use bamboo chopsticks is not mentioned. | entailment |
13,163 | Council member P: Alarmists are those who see an instance of pollution and exaggerate its significance into a major character fault of society. Such alarmists fail to distinguish the incident and the behavior that caused it from the disposition of people not to pollute. Council member Q: To think that there is a lot of pollution based on the discovery of a serious single instance of pollution is simply an application of the widely accepted principle that actions tend to follow the path of least resistance, and it is surely easier to pollute than not to pollute. | Council members P and Q disagree over whether people are inclined to pollute. | entailment |
12,737 | Coffee and tea contain methylxanthines, which cause temporary increases in the natural production of vasopressin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Vasopressin causes clumping of blood cells, and the clumping is more pronounced in women than in men. This is probably the explanation of the fact that women face as much as a tenfold higher risk than men do of complications following angioplasty, a technique used to clear clogged arteries. | Prior to undergoing angioplasty, women should avoid coffee and tea is most strongly supported by the information above. | entailment |
11,349 | Theoretically, analog systems are superior to digital systems. A signal in a pure analog system can be infinitely detailed, while digital systems cannot produce signals that are more precise than their digital units. With this theoretical advantage there is a practical disadvantage, however. Since there is no limit on the potential detail of the signal, the duplication of an analog representation allows tiny variations from the original, which are errors. These errors tend to accumulate as signals are duplicated, until this noise obliterates the information embodied in the original signal. | The statement 'Digital systems are the best information systems because error cannot occur in the emission of digital signals' most strongly supports which one of the following. | not-entailment |
1,470 | As a living individual, man is not only a natural person but also a social person. The society will vigorously promote moral life, waging a love life of the campaign, the formation of cherish the good habit in life: to launch the social from all walks of life forces involved in the moral education of life: network, film, television, newspapers and other social media must strengthen the positive guidance, to reduce negative suggestion and mislead the youth, and the school, family, social trinity, combined together, to promote green Young appreciate the beauty of life, cherish the existence of life, respect the right of life. | The central meaning of a word is "Life moral construction needs the joint efforts of family, school, and society." | entailment |
535 | To subdue bad people, sometimes we should treat them by their way. Bad people will do good things, but good people become bad as long as they have done bad things. | A person who has done bad things is not necessarily a bad man can be inferred. | not-entailment |
13,551 | Biotechnology companies say that voluntary guidelines for their industry are sufficient to ensure that no harm will result when a genetically altered organism is released into the environment. It is foolish, however, to rely on assurances from producers of genetically altered organisms that their products will not be harmful. Ttherefore, a biotechnology company should be required to apply to an independent regulatory board composed of scientists outside the biotechnology industry for the right to sell newly created organisms. | The principle that 'Methods that result in harm to the environment must sometimes be used in order to avoid even greater harm' most strongly justifies drawing the conclusion above. | not-entailment |
6,424 | The Yellow River is the second largest river in China and one of the few naked rivers in the world. She started from the northern foot of Bayan Kara Mountain and accepted thousands of streams and rivers, flowing eastward through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other nine provinces and regions, into the vast sea. With a total length of 5464 kilometers and a basin area of more than 750000 square kilometers, it is like a golden dragon lying with its head held high on the vast land in the north of our country. | The option 'The Yellow River has a long process' does not belong to the characteristics of the Yellow River. | not-entailment |
14,235 | Critics have argued that because Freudianism holds that people have unconscious desires that can defeat their attempts to follow rational life plans, it is incompatible with the predominantly rationalistic spirit of Western philosophical and psychological thought. But it is a central tenet of Freudianism that through psychoanalysis one can become conscious of one' s previously unconscious desires, enabling one to avoid being defeated by them. Ttherefore, __. | Freudianism does not run counter to the rationalistic mainstream of Western philosophical and psychological thought most logically completes the argument. | entailment |
5,913 | When a high-pressure peak encounters a low-pressure peak, precipitation usually occurs. Meteorologists can predict when and where they meet by measuring the speed of two moving peaks. | Precipitation does not necessarily require the appearance of low pressure peaks can be derived. | not-entailment |
1,189 | After the second World War, the administrative focus of many countries gradually shifted to social welfare management, and their basic population management generally formed a new system based on population services.This system does not give up the control of population, but the core goal of this control is that the basic means of population service is the form of population service, and it is also population service.It will control services, not vice versa, and the population management of China's social transformation is obviously facing similar adjustments. | The new system of population management realizes population control through population services does not correspond to the meaning of this passage. | not-entailment |
2,864 | A certain naval force has 7 ships of A, B, C, D, E, H, and G. It is planned to form two fleets to sail. There are 3 ships in the first formation and 4 ships in the second formation. The formation must meet the following conditions: (1) The aircraft carrier must be listed in the second formation; (2) E and C have at most one formation in the first formation; 3) A and C are not in the same formation; (4) If B is arranged in the first formation, D must also be arranged in the first formation. | If A is in the second formation, D must also be in the second formation. | not-entailment |
5,130 | Phobia refers to the patient's strong fear of a certain object or situation or when interacting with people, and take the initiative to avoid to relieve the anxiety. | According to the above definition, Yu Yanyan's fear of the dark is an example of phobia. | not-entailment |
7,928 | There are always advantages and disadvantages in doing one thing, and there are almost no advantages without disadvantages. Huainan Zi - The Instruction of The World says: Everyone knows that benefiting is the cause of illness, but the sage knows that benefiting is the cause of illness. It seems that the ancients have noticed the dialectical relationship between advantages and disadvantages. | According to the above definition, "Be good at analysis and strive to do more good than harm" fits the text. | entailment |
1,080 | Some people think that yixiang is a translation of English image and associate it with British and American Imagist Poetry in the early 20th century. In fact, image is an inherent concept and word in ancient Chinese literary theory, not a foreign thing. | Many British and American Imagist poets who advocated hiding all their emotions behind images and implied them through images were actually deeply influenced by ancient Chinese poetry can best prove the originality of yixiang in China. | entailment |
14,177 | A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool Company has recently claimed that the company is mismanaged. As evidence for this claim, the investor cited the company' s failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products. It is doubtful whether an investor' s sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but <b> in this case it is clearly not justified </b>. It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand. <b> In Burton' s case it indicates no such thing </b>, however: the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers. | The first and the second both state intermediate conclusions that are drawn in order to support jointly the conclusion of the argument as a whole, according to the given argument. | not-entailment |
12,507 | In a transportation company, a certain syndrome often attributed to stress by medical experts afflicts a significantly higher percentage of workers in Department F than in any other department. We can conclude, ttherefore, that the work done in Department F subjects workers to higher stress levels than does the work in the other departments in the company. | Many workers who transfer into Department F from elsewhere in the company soon begin to develop the syndrome most helps to support the argument. | entailment |
637 | Friendship is an important way to obtain happiness in life. According to the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero, Friendship only exists between good people, and friendship for life is the most difficult thing; another Spanish philosopher, George Santayana believes that friendship is almost always a combination of a part of one heart and a part of another, and people can only be partial friends. | If the above statement is true, friendship is the most important way to get happiness in life must be true. | not-entailment |
5,306 | In judicial trials, positive misjudgment refers to the conviction of the innocent as guilty, which is the so-called wrong judgment; negative misjudgment refers to the conviction of guilt as innocence, which is the so-called wrong release. And the fundamental principle of judicial justice is that don't let a bad person go, and don't wrong a good person. A jurist believes that the current measurement of whether a court has implemented the principle of judicial justice in handling cases is sufficiently good should depend on whether its positive misjudgment rate is low enough. | The statement 'The rate of negative misjudgment in each court is basically the same' can most strongly support the above-mentioned jurist's point of view. | not-entailment |
11,053 | Morris High School has introduced a policy designed to improve the working conditions of its new teachers. As a result of this policy, only one-quarter of all part-time teachers now quit during their first year. However, a third of all full-time teachers now quit during their first year. Thus, more full-time than part-time teachers at Morris now quit during their first year. | The argument's reasoning is questionable because the argument fails to rule out the possibility that Morris High School employs more new full-time teachers than new part-time teachers. | not-entailment |
8,692 | An organization has investigated the average housing prices of three types of housing (villas, ordinary commercial rooms and comfortable housing) in cities A, B and C in eastern China, and the information released is as follows: according to the price of villa housing, from high to low is A, B, C; According to the price of ordinary commercial housing, from high to low is A, C, B; According to the price of comfortable housing, from high to low is B, A, C. | The overall average price of residential housing in City A is the highest is wrong about the overall average housing price of residents in the above three cities. | not-entailment |
11,317 | Jackson City has outgrown its current fire station. The existing station cannot be expanded to fit the city' s needs because of building code restrictions. Real estate in the area of the existing station is far more expensive than building space on the west side of the city. Since the price of a building is a considerable portion of the total cost, it would be more economical to move the fire station to the west side of the city. | If the fire station is moved to the west side of the city, residents there will have to contend with increased noise and traffic most seriously undermines the argument's conclusion. | not-entailment |
3,560 | Gamification management: refers to the management behavior of using scoring, ranking, competition and other elements in the game in a scene that is not a game. Its use in the work environment can often increase the emotional investment of employees, thereby improving efficiency. | According to the above definition, hiring new management is a game management behavior. | not-entailment |
78 | The four teams A, B, C, and D are in a round robin match (each team has one game against the other teams). The results: Team B loses one game, Team C wins one less than Team B, and Team B wins one less than Team D. | The ranking of Team A is Third place. | not-entailment |
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