id
int64 6
15.2k
| premise
stringlengths 37
1.45k
| hypothesis
stringlengths 0
635
| label
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|
11,740 | S: Our nation is becoming too averse to risk. We boycott any food reported to contain a toxic chemical, even though the risk, as a mathematical ratio, might be minimal. With this mentality, Columbus would never have sailed west. T: A risk-taker in one context can be risk-averse in another: the same person can drive recklessly, but refuse to eat food not grown organically. | To risk cannot be reliably assessed without reference to context is T's response to S. | entailment |
10,762 | A medical journal used a questionnaire survey to determine whether a particular change in its format would increase its readership. Sixty-two percent of those who returned the questionnaire supported that change. On the basis of this outcome, the decision was made to introduce the new format. | The statement 'The percentage of surveyed readers who like the format change was almost the same as the percentage of the entire potential readership who would like the format change' would provide the best evidence that the journal's decision will have the desired effect. | entailment |
849 | Consumer supervision right refers to the right of consumers to supervise goods and services and the protection of consumer rights. | According to the above definition, Lao Wang buying the spoiled food in a store and immediately going back to request a return belongs to consumer supervision right. | not-entailment |
8,966 | There are seven candidates hired by Haier: F, G, H, I, W, X and Y, of which one needs to be assigned to the public relations department, three to the production department and three to the sales department. The personnel allocation of these seven employees must meet the following conditions: (1) H and Y must be assigned to the same department. (2) F and G cannot be assigned to the same department. (3) if X is assigned to the sales department, W is assigned to the production department. (4) F must be assigned to the production department. | A complete and accurate list that cannot be assigned to the production department is G. | not-entailment |
13,143 | Archaeologist: Neanderthals, a human-like species living 60, 000 years ago, probably preserved meat by smoking it. Burnt lichen and grass have been found in many Neanderthal fireplaces. A fire of lichen and grass produces a lot of smoke but does not produce nearly as much heat or light as a wood fire. | In the region containing the Neanderthal fireplaces in which lichen and grass were burnt, no plants that could be burned more effectively to produce heat or light were available 60, 000 years ago would most weaken the archaeologist's argument. | entailment |
626 | Remote sensing geophysical prospecting refers to the method of detecting electromagnetic wave information radiated (or reflected) by ground objects with various sensors at a considerable distance to find out various geological or geological conditions. | The scientist uses satellites to conduct geological exploration of a coastal area belongs to remote sensing geophysical prospecting according to the above definition. | entailment |
11,668 | The report released by the interior ministry states that within the past 5 years the national land-reclamation program has resulted in a 19 percent increase in the amount of arable land within the country. If these figures are accurate, the program has been a resounding success. Senator Armand, a distinguished mathematician and a woman of indisputable brilliance, maintains, however, that the reclamation program could not possibly have been successful. Clearly, ttherefore, the figures cited in the report cannot be accurate. | The argument above exhibits an erroneous pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by Evelyn reports that she got home before midnight. Robert, who always knows the time, insists that she did not. If Robert is right, Evelyn could not possibly have listened to the late news; since she admits not having listened to the late news, her report cannot be true. | not-entailment |
4,502 | The transfinite effects refers to the psychological phenomenon of extreme impatience or reverse when the stimulation is too much, too strong or too long. | Miss Wang's son was killed in an accident is not conforming to the transfinite effect. | entailment |
4,066 | Adaptation refers to the action of the same stimulus on the sensory organ, causing a change in the sensory ability of the sensory organ to appropriate stimulation. | According to the above definition, when I walked into a garden, the fragrance of the flowers poured into my nose, but soon I didn't feel anything does not fit the concept of adaptation. | not-entailment |
6,637 | The well-being of the people in the current sense is different from the simple state of food and clothing in the history, but includes extremely rich contents: not only the rights and dignity of the people, but also the income and consumption of the people, as well as freedom, security, social security and spiritual life. | People's well-being has shifted from material to spiritual is the main statement according to the above text. | not-entailment |
8,336 | At present, the use of electronic products has become a major trend. Many children and adolescents are used to learning and entertaining on the Internet, and it is more difficult to prevent and control myopia. To protect the eye health of children and adolescents, we should change the concept of emphasizing treatment and neglecting prevention. To achieve early detection and early intervention, we should adhere to the prevention and control strategy of coordinated medical treatment and prevention, and carry out visual health services covering the whole life cycle. Myopia of children and adolescents is a public health problem. We must start with health education, take public health services as the starting point, cultivate the independent health behavior of children, adolescents and parents, and actively promote popular science knowledge to prevent the visual health of myopia in children and adolescents. | Adhering to the normal visual health service for a long time is not covered in the article as an option for protecting the eye health of children and adolescents. | not-entailment |
12,700 | For years, university administrators, corporations, and government agencies have been predicting an imminent and catastrophic shortage of scientists and engineers. But since there is little noticeable upward pressure on the salaries of scientists and engineers, and unemployment is as high in these fields as any other, these doomsayers are turning out to be wrong. | The statement that the number of students in university programs in science and engineering has increased significantly in the last five years would most strengthen the argument above. | entailment |
4,959 | A school's Lei Feng team decided to water the current small trees on the campus, but when they arrived at the school, they found that there were exactly three students in the school, and the small trees had been watered. A said,B did it. B said: I didn't do it. C said, It wasn't me. Two of the three people told a lie, and one told the truth. | B is watering the tree. | not-entailment |
3,588 | Other deposit companies refer to all deposit companies except the central bank, which are mainly engaged in the activities of absorbing deposits, issuing loans and creating deposits, which are called deposit money banks in China. | The insurance company does not belong to other deposit companies. | entailment |
2,735 | Because the image of the photo is formed by the contact between the light and the film, each photo has a certain degree of authenticity. However, the photos taken from different angles always reflect the truth of one side of the object rather than the whole truth. in this sense, the photos are not true. Therefore, under the current technical conditions, it is not appropriate to use photographs as evidence, especially in court. | The statement 'Any evidence only needs to reflect one side of the fact' most weakens the above argument. | entailment |
41 | Technical listeners: These listeners work hard to listen to what others say. They value the meaning of words, facts and statistics figures, but they do not work enough in terms of feeling, sympathy and true understanding. | Audiences who always take a lot of notes every time listening to a leader's speech, but often follow their own intentions when implementing policies, and are inconsistent with the leader's intentions are technical listeners. | entailment |
6,944 | Goethe said, if people want to pursue something, they have to make mistakes. Of course, this does not mean that you should not try to prevent and reduce mistakes, or that you can take a nonchalant attitude towards mistakes, but that you should not be timid and timid because you are afraid of mistakes. We are also afraid of this and that, and we will not be able to achieve a career. | The main argument supported in this paragraph is that if one wants to succeed in a career, he will always make mistakes. | not-entailment |
11,615 | Some educators claim that it is best that school courses cover only basic subject matter, but cover it in depth. These educators argue that if students achieve a solid grasp of the basic concepts and investigatory techniques in a subject, they will be able to explore the breadth of that subject on their own after the course is over. But if they simply learn a lot of factual information, without truly understanding its significance, they will not be well equipped for further study on their own. | It is easier to understand any Greek tragedy after one has analyzed a few of them in detail is a statement that is supported by the educators' reasoning. | entailment |
7,522 | Implicit discrimination: refers to the existence of a person's mind, not openly manifest discrimination against a particular group of people. | Beggars who dress up as dropouts often get more money is implicit discrimination according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
1,465 | Liu Jiang, director of the Index research office of the Development research Center of the State Post Bureau, said that from January to April, the volume of express delivery business was 17.07 billion pieces, up 24.8% year on year, more than three times the growth rate of the service industry production index in the same period, leading the modern service industry. In the first four months of this year, the total business revenue of China's express delivery service enterprises reached 213.54 billion yuan, up 22.8% year on year. The average daily express processing capacity of the industry reaches 160 million pieces, and the highest is 180 million pieces. The monthly express business volume is close to 5 billion pieces. | 'Express delivery should make up for weaknesses' would be a good title for an article. | not-entailment |
1,179 | When public opinion is in a position of direct power, when it is unequal, public opinion will not be able to gain respect for its rights, and it will not be possible to protect itself in front of power, let alone let power be obedient.Therefore, in order for public opinion to really play a role, there is no other way but to give public opinion the power. Rights, in particular, need to understand that public opinion is the premise and basis of power action, and respect for public opinion is reflected, and everything is not done in accordance with public opinion.When it is limited to certain conditions and cannot act in accordance with public opinion, confess the reasons to the public and ask the public for understanding, which is the only way to achieve a win-win situation between power and public opinion. | The author's main point of view is that the key to the win-win situation of power and public opinion lies in the public's knowledge and understanding. | entailment |
14,558 | Editorialist: Drivers with a large number of demerit points who additionally have been convicted of a serious driving-related offense should either be sentenced to jail or be forced to receive driver re-education, since to do otherwise would be to allow a crime to go unpunished. Only if such drivers are likely to be made more responsible drivers should driver re-education be recommended for them. Unfortunately, it is always almost impossible to make drivers with a large number of demerit points more responsible drivers. | Drivers with a large number of demerit points but no conviction for a serious driving-related offense should receive driver reeducation rather than jail if the editorialist's statements are true, they provide the most support for which one of the following. | not-entailment |
4,113 | All living organisms need to be metabolized, otherwise life will stop. Civilization is the same, if it is self-closed for a long time, it will inevitably decline. Communication and mutual learning are the essential requirements for the development of civilizations. Only by communicating and learning from other civilizations and absorbing the strengths of others, To make up for one's shortcomings, in order to maintain a vigorous life. | If a civilization does not exchange and learn from other civilizations, it cannot maintain its vigorous vitality can be derived. | entailment |
12,723 | Geneticist: Ethicists have fears, many of them reasonable, about the prospect of cloning human beings, that is, producing exact genetic duplicates. But the horror-movie image of a wealthy person creating an army of exact duplicates is completely unrealistic. Clones must be raised and educated, a long-term process that could never produce adults identical to the original in terms of outlook, personality, or goals. More realistic is the possibility that wealthy individuals might use clones as living organ banks. | The claim that cloning will not produce adults with identical personalities illustrates the claim that only wealthy people would be able to have genetic duplicates made of themselves. | not-entailment |
3,498 | Women constitute the majority of the country's population, and most of the tranquilizer prescriptions prescribed by doctors are for female patients. However, drug trials are only performed on men to complete the testing of the efficacy of these drugs and the calibration of recommended doses. It is even used for Animals tested for drug toxicity also use males. | It is not yet known whether the recommended dose of tranquilizers is suitable for women is most supported by the above views. | entailment |
12,583 | Curator: Since ancient times, the fine arts were developed and sustained with the aid of large subsidies from the aristocracies and religious institutions that were the public sectors of their day; it is doubtful that the arts would have survived without these subsidies. Clearly, contemporary societies should fulfill their obligation as stewards of cultural heritage without the assistance of aristocracies or religious institutions, so governments must help finance the maintenance, advancement, and enrichment of the fine arts today. | Serving as stewards of cultural heritage requires that contemporary societies help to maintain the fine arts is an assumption required by the curator's argument. | entailment |
6,780 | Crisis management refers to how the government deals with and responds to a sudden incident. Crisis management is more comprehensive, including not only the treatment of the outbreak, duration and recession of the crisis, but also the treatment of the incubation period, that is, when the crisis has not yet occurred, the government should have a kind of early warning ability and then have the ability to deal with the crisis. | According to this passage, crisis intervention is the core of crisis management. | not-entailment |
13,439 | Some of the politicians who strongly supported free trade among Canada, the United States, and Mexico are now refusing to support publicly the idea that free trade should be extended to other Latin American countries. | If the statement above is true, then not all politicians who strongly supported free trade among Canada, the United States, and Mexico now publicly support extending free trade to other Latin American countries. | entailment |
1,594 | Paleontologists can rediscover the forgotten wisdom of our ancestors. For example, the nabatas occupied the dangerous Negev desert two thousand years ago. They diverted the rainwater of the rare heavy rain in this area into irrigation ditches and reservoirs. This method was used to rebuild the ancient farms in this area, which can now produce high grain production. | The term method in the above paragraph refers to rebuilding the ancient farms in this area. | not-entailment |
8,407 | Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang, Xiao Li and Xiao Zhao joined the study group. Everyone chooses one of these three books from the first volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, the second volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and the third volume of Xi Jinping talking about governing the country, and then selects one or three topics from this book to study, and talk about the experience. It is known that: (1) the books selected by Xiao Zhang and Xiao Zhao are different, and the number of topics they choose to study is also different. (2) one person chose a topic to study. Two people chose two topics to study. (3) Xiao Li chose the three topics in the third volume of Xi Jinping on Governance. (4) each book was selected. Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhao selected the first volume of Xi Jinping on governing the country. | Xiao Zhao chose the two topics in Volume 1 to study is an option that can be inferred. | not-entailment |
7,066 | As for actor certification, we are most familiar with the title of first-class actor, and one of the main criteria for the selection of first-class actor is that he has made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of China's literary and artistic undertakings, which is also vague. In addition, according to relevant data, it is only a habit to call first-class actor as national first-class actor, It can also be understood that the popularity and popularity of an actor mainly comes from his works, which has nothing to do with his professional title. | The evaluation of actors should focus on their works rather than their professional titles is the main emphasis of this paragraph. | not-entailment |
12,548 | In recent years, networks of fiber-optic cable have been replacing electrical wire for transmitting telecommunications signals. Signals running through fiber-optic cables deteriorate, and so the signals must be run through a piece of equipment called a regenerator before being transmitted farther. Light-Line is the leading manufacturer of signal regenerators. Ttherefore, Light-Line is one of the companies that will most benefit if new long-distance fiber-optic telecommunications networks are constructed. | Expanding its production of regenerators will require Light-Line to spend proportionately more on labor and materials casts the most doubt on the prediction about Light-Line's prospects. | not-entailment |
3,344 | The so-called memory representation refers to the image of things perceived by people in the human brain. | Recalling the hard life of his childhood is an activity designed for memory content that does not belong to memory representation. | not-entailment |
8,402 | Convert fanaticism refers to a social phenomenon in which later converted congregations are more pious or such than those born in religious families (older congregations). | According to the above definition, Lao Zhang used to only shop in the supermarket, but today, when he first came into contact with online shopping, he bought tens of thousands of yuan of goods online in one breath does not belong to convert fanaticism. | entailment |
8,640 | The latest two research results have attracted people's attention: one is to use certain bacteria to produce artificial meat protein, which grows by absorbing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which takes about 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide for every kilogram of protein; second, to synthesize ethanol from carbon dioxide and water recovered from the atmosphere, it takes 1.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide to produce 1 kilogram of ethanol. Experts predict that these new technologies will help to achieve the goal of zero greenhouse gas emissions in the middle of the 21st century. | It can be concluded that carbon dioxide resource utilization may achieve zero greenhouse gas emission target based on this. | entailment |
10,820 | Biologist: Humans have five fingers because we descended from a fish with five phalanges in its fins. Despite our prejudices to the contrary, our configuration of fingers is no more or less useful than several other possible configurations, e. g. , six per hand. So, if humans had descended from a fish with six phalanges in its fins and had six fingers on each hand, then we would be just as content with that configuration. | The statement 'Humans are never equally content with two things of unequal usefulness' strengthens the biologist's argument. | not-entailment |
14,833 | Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available. | The statement 'Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo' most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies. | entailment |
951 | Although spinach is rich in calcium, it also contains a large amount of plasma oxalic acid which can effectively prevent the body's absorption of calcium. Therefore, if a person wants to consume enough calcium, he must replace it with other calcium-rich food or at least, eaten with spinach. | If true, the statement that during the cooking process, plasma oxalic acid in spinach is destroyed slightly more than calcium can weaken the argument of the subject the most. | not-entailment |
10,067 | There are 7 heart disease patients E, F, G, H, I, J, K to be assigned to 4 doctors for treatment, they are Dr. Zhang, Dr. Li, Dr. Wang and Dr. Liu. Only one doctor can be responsible for each patient, and each doctor is responsible for the treatment of up to two patients. Among the patients, J and K are children, and the remaining 5 are adults; E, F, and J are male, and the remaining 4 are female. The following conditions must be met: (1) Dr. Zhang is only responsible for treating male patients. (2) Dr. Li can only be responsible for the treatment of 1 patient. (3) If a doctor is responsible for the treatment of a child, he must be responsible for the treatment of an adult of the same sex as the child. | If E is treated by Dr. Wang, then G must also be treated by Dr. Wang. | entailment |
12,412 | Tom: Executives in this country make around 85 times what the average worker earns. This is an extraordinarily large disparity, and ttherefore public resentment over the size of executives' salaries is justified. Martha: Such resentment is not justified, since wealth is created by taking risks and making decisions, actions most people prefer to avoid. Generous rewards for those who choose not to avoid these actions are both fair and necessary. Tom: I think you misunderstood me. I' m not saying that people resent that there is a large disparity here between executives' salaries and workers' salaries, but rather they resent that it is atypically large: in other countries executives earn only 20 or 30 times what the average worker earns. | The main point at issue between Tom and Martha is whether public resentment of the size of executive salaries is justified. | entailment |
11,988 | Raising the tax rate on essential goods -- a traditional means of increasing government revenues -- invariably turns low- and middle-income taxpayers against the government. Hence government officials have proposed adding a new tax on purchases of luxury items such as yachts, private planes, jewels, and furs. The officials claim that this tax will result in a substantial increase in government revenues while affecting only the wealthy individuals and corporations who can afford to purchase such items. | The answer to the question 'Will sales of the luxury items subject to the proposed tax occur at current rates once the proposed tax on luxury items has been passed?' would be the most relevant in evaluating the accuracy of the government officials' prediction. | entailment |
14,968 | Climatologists believe they know why Earth has undergone a regular sequence of ice ages beginning around 800, 000 years ago. Calculations show that Earth' s orbit around the Sun has fluctuations that coincide with the ice-age cycles. The climatologists hypothesize that when the fluctuations occur, Earth passes through clouds of cosmic dust that enters the atmosphere; the cosmic dust thereby dims the Sun, resulting in an ice age. They concede, however, that though cosmic dust clouds are common, the clouds would have to be particularly dense in order to have this effect. | Two large asteroids collided 800,000 years ago, producing a tremendous amount of dense cosmic dust that continues to orbit the Sun is an exception that would not lend support to the climatologists' hypothesis. | not-entailment |
985 | Illusion means that people sometimes cannot perceive external things completely correctly due to subjective and objective reasons, and various distortions will occur. It refers to a certain distorted perception of objective things under specific conditions. | The statement 'When the moon is above your head, you will find that no matter where you go, it always follows behind you' is not an illusion. | entailment |
1,869 | The brain is not only the most complex organ in biological structure and function, but also a superb, exquisite and perfect information processing system. The total number of nerve cells in the human brain is about 1012, equivalent to the total number of stars in the entire Milky way. In addition, there are 10 to 50 times more glial cells than nerve cells. The brain is in charge of human language, thinking, feeling, emotion, movement and other advanced activities, which are closely related to the topological structure of neurons or clusters of neurons in the brain network, which essentially determines the function of the whole brain. | The main content of this text is that the topology of the brain network determines the whole brain function. | entailment |
7,425 | Every morning, the mother makes breakfast for her son in primary school. Five kinds of breakfast are noodles, dumplings, porridge, fried rice with eggs, pancakes, etc., but she only makes one of them for her son every day. It is known that: (1) making noodles is easier, twice a week, twice a week, three days apart in a week, (2) making porridge is made the day before or after the first noodle making, only once a week. (3) dumplings are also made only once a week, but this time is only once before the second noodle making. (4) making fried rice with eggs is also limited to four days apart from the day the first noodle is made in a week.(5) there was a time when the cake was made before the first time it was made noodles. | Assuming that Monday is the first day of the week, Tuesday noodles is correct according to the above statement. | entailment |
8,927 | A group traveling to Tibet, besides Lhasa, there are six cities or scenic spots to choose from: E City, F City, G Lake, H mountain, I peak, J Lake. Considering such factors as time, funds, plateau environment and personnel's physical condition, (1) at least one of G lake and J Lake should be visited. (2) If you don't go to E city or F city, you can't go to G Lake. (3) If you don't go to E city, you can't go to H Mountain. (4) Lake J can be reached only after crossing peak I. | The group went to E City and Lake J must be true if the team does not go to I-peak due to climate. | entailment |
14,146 | Typically, people who have diets high in saturated fat have an increased risk of heart disease. Those who replace saturated fat in their diets with unsaturated fat decrease their risk of heart disease. Ttherefore, people who eat a lot of saturated fat can lower their risk of heart disease by increasing their intake of unsaturated fat. | The assumption that it is difficult to move from a diet that is high in saturated fat to a diet that includes very little fat most helps to justify the reasoning above. | not-entailment |
13,455 | The senator has long held to the general principle that no true work of art is obscene, and thus that there is no conflict between the need to encourage free artistic expression and the need to protect the sensibilities of the public from obscenity. When well-known works generally viewed as obscene are cited as possible counterexamples, the senator justifies accepting the principle by saying that if these works really are obscene then they cannot be works of art. | The senator's reasoning seeks to persuade by emotional rather than intellectual means. | not-entailment |
3,001 | A report on acid rain concluded, most forests in Canada are not damaged by acid rain. Critics of the report insist that this conclusion must be changed to, most forests in Canada do not show obvious symptoms of being damaged by acid rain, such as abnormal leaf loss, slower growth or higher mortality. | The statement 'The report does not compare the damage caused by acid rain to forests in Canada with the damage caused by acid rain to forests in other countries' provides the most logically strong justification for critics' insistence on changing the conclusions of the report. | not-entailment |
11,183 | In seventeenth-century France, many remunerative government positions in the provinces were sold by the king and then passed from father to son. Historians have concluded that this system was more effective than a purely meritocratic system in ensuring not only that most of the officials were competent, but that they were more sympathetic to the local people than to the king. | Government officials often received financial gratuities from local merchants does not help to support the historians' conclusion if it is true of seventeenth-century France. | not-entailment |
2,002 | Homing pigeons have a strong ability to fly, reaching a speed of 100 kilometers per hour and their memory and recognition abilities are outstanding among animals. They are not afraid of fatigue, loyal and reliable. They have no deserters and surrenders and are not restricted by the terrain and transmit information in a timely manner. Homing pigeons have made great achievements since they joined the army. | Many unique advantages of homing pigeon play an important role in the military is the point of view supported by this passage. | entailment |
14,682 | On the surface, Melville' s Billy Budd is a simple story with a simple theme. However, if one views the novel as a religious allegory, then it assumes a richness and profundity that place it among the great novels of the nineteenth century. However, the central question remains: Did Melville intend an allegorical reading? Since there is no textual or historical evidence that he did, we should be content with reading Billy Budd as a simple tragedy. | The principle underlying the argument is that the only relevant evidence in deciding in which genre to place a novel is the author's stated intention. | not-entailment |
5,177 | Researchers at the University of Kent in the United Kingdom asked two groups of volunteers to play puzzle games and watch documentaries about sports cars, and then asked them to perform indoor cycling endurance tests. As a result, the first group members who thought they were exhausted were more likely to give up than the second group. However, the researchers found that there was no difference in blood pressure, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output between the two groups of volunteers. | The influence of mental activity on physical strength is just a sensory deviation can be derived. | entailment |
10,081 | Some insects die after first breeding larvae, others live for years after their offspring are guaranteed survival. Among the latter insects are those that make beneficial contributions to the ecosystem, such as bees. | Most insects live independently from birth and do not require the care of adult insects can be drawn from the above statement. | not-entailment |
14,195 | Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake' s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake' s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Ttherefore, provided this technology is effective, the fears are groundless. | The statement 'A major leak of oil from the pipeline would harm not only the lake's fish but also populations of other aquatic animals and plants' most seriously weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
10,338 | All green or germinated potatoes contain more toxic alkaloids-solanine. None of the checked potatoes are green or sprouted. Therefore, the checked potatoes are safe to eat. | If the statement 'Green or germinated potatoes are not safe to eat' is used as a hypothesis, the conclusion of the above reasoning can be logically inferred. | not-entailment |
50 | For a certain type of ulcer, traditional therapy can completely heal 44% of patients' ulcers within 6 months. A new therapy for this type of ulcer has achieved obvious improves in 80% of the ulcers treated in a 6-month trial. 61% of ulcers were healed. Since the trial only treated those ulcers very severe, this new treatment is obviously more effective than traditional treatments. | Among the patients who participated in the 6-month trial of the new therapy, what percentage of the people were dissatisfied with the recovery rate is additional evidence that needs to be added in order to better compare the effects of the two therapies. | not-entailment |
10,996 | Scientist: In our study, chemical R did not cause cancer in laboratory rats. But we cannot conclude from this that chemical R is safe for humans. After all, many substances known to be carcinogenic to humans cause no cancer in rats; this is probably because some carcinogens cause cancer only via long-term exposure and rats are short lived. | It is cited as being insufficient to support the conclusion that chemical R is safe for humans most precisely describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the statement that chemical R did not cause cancer in laboratory rats. | entailment |
13,359 | Gerrit: While browsing in a record store I noticed that one copy of a recording I wanted had mistakenly been priced at a quarter of the list price. When I finally reached the cashier I was told that the price had been mismarked and I would have to pay the full list price. Since I had wasted an hour standing in line, the retailer was morally obligated to sell me the recording at the lower price. Saskia: I disagree. You knew that a mistake had been made, and you were simply trying to take advantage of that mistake. | The principle that the price displayed on an item in a retail store morally constitutes an irrevocable offer to sell the item at that price would most help to justify Saskia's position. | not-entailment |
6,059 | Subliminal talent refers to the talents that are not recognized, including the unsuccessful talents and the hidden talents. Unsuccessful potential talents are beginning to see results, and no final results have been achieved. Masking sub-talent is already a talent, but the results of creative labor is not recognized by society, or virtue can not be properly evaluated, so buried. | Zhang Qiang's first phase of the trial is good, the company decided that if the second phase can solve the remaining problems, it will consider putting into the market belongs to the unsuccessful dive talent according to the above definition. | entailment |
10,247 | Energy-saving lamps require less electricity and are more power-saving. Therefore, if people only use energy-saving lamps and do not use ordinary incandescent lamps that consume a lot of electricity, it will save a lot of electricity bills. | The hypothesis on which the above argument depends is that the brightness of energy-saving lamps is at least as bright as that of ordinary incandescent lamps. | entailment |
882 | In medicine, according to different pathogens that cause colds, colds can be divided into viral colds and bacterial colds. If there is no bacterial infection, through the body's own immunity, the cold can heal itself in about a week. Therefore, there is no need to take medicines and injections for most circumstances of colds. | The cold that people catch is commonly viral cold must be true for the above conclusion to be true. | entailment |
3,471 | Endogenous development is a kind of development that is mainly promoted and participated by the interior of the development area, makes full use of the strength and resources of the development area, respects its own value and system, and explores a development path suitable for its own development. | The situation where farmers abandoned the mechanized farming mode and adopted the traditional manual farming method belongs to endogenous development according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
9,971 | The education system has two aspects, one is compulsory education, the other is higher education. A reasonable education system requires everyone to have the right to compulsory education and the opportunity to obtain higher education through fair competition. | An education system that does not enable everyone to enjoy the right to compulsory education is unreasonable can be concluded from the above conclusion. | entailment |
392 | Courtyard economy refers to a form of operation in which farmers make full use of the family courtyard space, surrounding non contracted empty land and various resources to engage in highly intensive commodity production, mainly including planting, breeding and processing industry. | Building a handicraft weaving factory with tile roofed houses in their backyard is a courtyard economy according to the above definition. | entailment |
8,845 | There is a psychological theory that in order to be happy, one person must maintain a close relationship with another person. However, the world's greatest philosophers spent most of their lives alone and without close relationships. Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong. | The greatest philosophers in the world are happy must be assumed by the above conclusion. | entailment |
5,674 | The results showed that after heating sweet corn for 10 minutes, 25 minutes and 50 minutes at 115 degree, its anti free radical activity increased by 22%, 44% and 53% respectively. Therefore, the longer the heating time, the better the anti-aging effect of corn. | Compared with sweet corn, the increase of anti free radical activity of waxy corn after heating for the same time is very small cannot weaken the above conclusion. | entailment |
11,950 | Working residents of Springfield live, on average, farther from their workplaces than do working residents of Rorchester. Thus, one would expect that the demand for public transportation would be greater in Springfield than in Rorchester. However, Springfield has only half as many bus routes as Rorchester. | Each of the following, if true, contributes to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy described above EXCEPT: The statement 'Three-fourths of the Springfield workforce is employed at the same factory outside the city limits' does not contribute to a resolution of the apparent discrepancy described above. | not-entailment |
13,377 | Oscar: I have been accused of plagiarizing the work of Ethel Myers in my recent article. But that accusation is unwarranted. Although I admit I used passages from Myers' book without attribution, Myers gave me permission in private correspondence to do so. Millie: Myers cannot give you permission to plagiarize. Plagiarism is wrong, not only because it violates authors' rights to their own words, but also because it misleads readers: it is fundamentally a type of lie. A lie is no less a lie if another person agrees to the deception. | The principle 'Plagiarism is never justified, but writers are justified in occasionally quoting without attribution the work of other writers if the work quoted has not been published' would justify Oscar's judgment if it is established. | not-entailment |
3,068 | When many people browse the Internet, once they encounter the content that goes directly to the heart, the first thing is to find the QR code for forwarding, scan the phone quickly, store it, and share it at any time, which has become an unimaginative rule. On social media, negative emotions are often triggered by retweeted content, such as jealousy, slowness, or even anger, and the more controversial opinions and claims are, the more likely they are to be forwarded. Wharton School professors found that anger tops the list of easily shared emotions on social media, a study of China's Weibo service found. Rage spreads faster than happiness, sadness and disgust. Reflex retweets make people become indiscriminate responders, thinking less and less independently. | The most suitable title for this paragraph is "The inexplicable retweet of social media". | not-entailment |
5,067 | Shepherd Economics refers to the situation that shepherd boys only graze when grazing, regardless of the damage to the grassland. In economics, in order to pursue high production (consumption of natural resources) and high consumption (transformation of commodities into pollutants), they consume a large number of natural resources quickly and choose waste accumulated environmental pollution. | According to the above definition, a place investing a lot of money to organize villagers to plant apple trees, and the resulting poor sales leading to apples falling to the ground and rotting a lot, belongs to Shepherd Economics. | not-entailment |
2,035 | The so-called viewpoint of information processing is to compare the human brain with the computer and regard the human brain as an information processing system similar to the computer. But this analogy is only functional, that is, it can only be an analogy at the behavioral level, regardless of the difference between biological cells and electronic components. In other words, this analogy involves only software, not hardware. | The hardware in this paragraph is material composition. | not-entailment |
7,257 | Special family: refers to a family with no blood relationship between family members. | When Xiao Juan was 10 years old, her parents divorced. She followed her father. Her father died suddenly soon after remarriage, and her stepmother brought her up is not a special family. | not-entailment |
2,495 | A British experiment found that after separating female dog from their young children, they were mixed with a group of adult dogs and puppies of the same kind, and then put the female dogs into the pack. The female dog will soon join her children. Studies have shown that dogs' body odor is the basis on which they identify each other. Puppies can't tell the smell of their mother from that of other female dogs. So every female dog can tell the smell of her children. | The method used in the above argument is to determine one of the two alternative interpretations of a phenomenon by excluding the other. | entailment |
1,760 | Despite the autumn wind and frost, the cabbage flourishes. Late autumn's new green is rare. At this time, the field flowers withered, cabbage is still fresh. Petiole wide and thick, porcelain spoon shaped petals curved upward, in the sun cheerfully raised face, called life out of hope. The white of cabbage is as beautiful as the yellow of pumpkin or the red of chili. | The statement 'The cabbage spills out the essence of life' best sums up the passage. | entailment |
14,382 | No computer will ever be able to do everything that some human minds can do, for there are some problems that cannot be solved by following any set of mechanically applicable rules. Yet computers can only solve problems by following some set of mechanically applicable rules. | At least one problem not solvable by following any set of mechanically applicable rules is solvable by at least one human mind is an assumption on which the argument depends. | entailment |
6,065 | The causal link between phenomena refers to the existence of one phenomenon, others will cause another phenomenon, then there is a causal link between the two phenomena. One way to explore the causal link between phenomena is to seek the same method, which means that the phenomenon being studied appears on different occasions, and in each case, only one situation is common, then the only common situation is causally related to the phenomenon. | The police concluded that well water may have contributed to the poisoning of the villagers based on the above definition, which applies the method of seeking common ground. | entailment |
3,296 | With the growth of age, People's demand for material gradually decreased, and spiritual demand gradually increased. Therefore, in order to meet the growing spiritual needs, the elderly should take more active part in recreational and sports activities than when they are young. | Older people who are more active in recreational and sports activities than young people lead more fulfilling lives can best support the above discussion. | entailment |
2,904 | When answering questions about enrollment, Mr. Gu from a certain university emphasized: Our school recruits some free normal students and some general normal students. Normally normal students are different from free normal students. Students who do not have free normal students can stay and work in big cities when they graduate. Normally, normal normal students can choose to stay in the big cities when they graduate.Any non-free teacher students need to self-employment when they graduate, and no free teacher students need to self-employment when they graduate. | According to Mr. Gu's statement, all normal students in this school need to seek self-employment can be derived. | entailment |
12,682 | To be horrific, a monster must be threatening. Whether or not it presents psychological, moral or social dangers, or triggers enduring infantile fears, if a monster is physically dangerous then it is threatening. In fact, even a physically benign monster is horrific if it inspires revulsion. | All monsters that are not physically dangerous, but that are psychologically dangerous and inspire revulsion, are threatening logically follows from the statements above. | entailment |
11,799 | Loggerhead turtles live and breed in distinct groups, of which some are in the Pacific Ocean and some are in the Atlantic. New evidence suggests that juvenile Pacific loggerheads that feed near the Baja peninsula hatch in Japanese waters 10, 000 kilometers away. Ninety-five percent of the DNA samples taken from the Baja turtles match those taken from turtles at the Japanese nesting sites. | The statement 'Ninety-five percent of the DNA samples taken from the Baja turtles match those taken from Atlantic loggerhead turtles' most seriously weakens the reasoning above. | entailment |
3,208 | The Dai bamboo buildings in Xishuangbanna use square columns to raise their houses to prevent moisture and mosquito blood harassment. The reason why square columns are used instead of circular columns is to prevent snakes from climbing into the bamboo buildings. | Snakes like to climb round pillars is most likely to be the assumption of the above statement. | not-entailment |
12,087 | A study of 8, 000 randomly chosen adults in a European country found that 75 percent of those who consumed alcohol an average of twice or more per week over a six-month period suffered at least one cold during that period. We can tentatively conclude from this that consuming alcohol tends to increase one' s susceptibility to colds. | The statement "Seventy-five percent of those in the study who never consumed alcohol suffered at least one cold over the six-month period" would most weaken the argument. | entailment |
2,807 | Mr. X has always been hailed as the literary master of the Western world in the 19th century, but the benefits he received from the literary masters of his predecessors have been ignored by critics. In addition, Mr. X has never written a truly monumental masterpiece, and his most well-known works have major flaws in both style and expression. | Mr. X's contribution to the development of Western literature has been overstated is a conclusion that can be drawn from the above statement. | entailment |
8,057 | Today, people often know that tigers have always lived in the mountains, and they do not know the history of their withdrawal from the plains. During the Tang and Song dynasties, with the transfer of the economic and cultural center from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin, a large number of northern population moved southward and the South China tiger completely withdrew from the plain area. After that, idioms such as diverting the tiger from the mountain, letting the tiger return to the mountain and sitting on the mountain to watch the tiger fight showed that people had mistakenly regarded the tiger as a mountain species at that time and did not know that the tiger was forced up the mountain because of human activities. | The most accurate summary of the gist of this passage is that it describes the history of tigers retreating to the mountains with human activities. | not-entailment |
6,796 | At present, although China has signed bilateral trade agreements with many developed countries, China's exports are still the target of various discriminatory trade measures and still face various discriminatory quantitative restrictions. selective safeguard measures and anti-dumping and countervailing measures based on discriminatory standards. | The main description of this passage is that China's exports are aimed at establishing opposition to all kinds of discriminatory measures. | not-entailment |
599 | Contingent liabilities refer to the potential obligations formed by past transactions or events, which are likely to be undertaken by the enterprise under certain circumstances, but have not been fully determined so far. They are liabilities that need to be confirmed by the occurrence or non occurrence of uncertain events in the future | A business may incur contingent liabilities if they prepare to pay the contract liquidated damages agreed in advance according to the definition. | not-entailment |
9,907 | At the end of 2009, the results of a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health of China showed that only 6.48% of the people had overall health quality, of which only 4.66% had the literacy of chronic disease prevention. This shows that the national awareness of the disease is still very poor. Only when the national quality is fundamentally improved, the fallacies of Li Yi and Zhang Wuben will not have so many people blindly follow. | If the quality of the national awareness cannot be fundamentally improved, many people will blindly follow the fallacies of Li Yi and others can be inferred from the above statement. | entailment |
14,396 | Editorial: The premier' s economic advisor assures her that with the elimination of wasteful spending the goal of reducing taxes while not significantly decreasing government services can be met. But the premier should not listen to this advisor, who in his youth was convicted of embezzlement. Surely his economic advice is as untrustworthy as he is himself, and so the premier should discard any hope of reducing taxes without a significant decrease in government services. | A questionable argumentative strategy employed in the editorial's argument is rejecting a proposal on the grounds that a particular implementation of the proposal is likely to fail. | not-entailment |
9,888 | Infectious disease outbreaks among wild animals due to virus invasion. A new study found that animals living in tropical, subtropical or low-altitude areas are at constant risk of infectious diseases due to their hot living environment. Animals living at low temperatures, such as high latitudes and altitudes, used to be protected from viruses because of long winters, but now winters are getting warmer and shorter. As a result, rising temperatures will exacerbate outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. | There is a positive correlation between the temperature and the risk of infectious diseases of wild animals, that is, the higher the temperature, the higher the risk of infectious diseases best supports the above statement. | entailment |
725 | Self handicapping means that individuals coordinate obstacles in advance to create a reasonable excuse for failure, so as to protect their self-worth and maintain their self-image. | According to the above definition, Xiao Ming's Chinese score being among the best in his class and his final score being within the top three, despite telling his classmates that he would fail the exam if he was in bad condition, belongs to self handicapping. | not-entailment |
9,194 | During World War II, the air forces of the United States and Britain bombed Germany and suffered heavy losses. Experts found that the belly of all the returning planes was covered with bullet marks, but the wings were intact. They concluded that the belly of the plane is very vulnerable to gunfire and that the protection of the belly should be improved. It was later confirmed that they were affected by survivor bias when these experts speculated, because the reality was that all the planes that were hit on the wing crashed, while most of the planes that were only hit in the belly returned. | In a random sampling survey with a large enough sample, it is found that in China, the TV program with the largest audience is News Network does not have a similar survivor bias. | entailment |
1,460 | Twenty years ago, a high-level diplomatic conference on the Middle East would have been unthinkable without U.S. participation and leadership. Today, Turkey, Russia and Iran are negotiating without Washington, while the Syrian opposition is heading to Moscow to discuss the country's future. Russia has also strengthened ties with Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Israel. | The main meaning of the expression is that in the Middle East, Russia has largely replaced the United States. | not-entailment |
10,211 | It is the people of the country who are most concerned about the fate and future of a country, and it is the people of the country who know the most about the situation of the country. Therefore, it is only up to the people of the country to decide what kind of road a country will take. | The reason why we can't know the true face of Lushan Mountain is that we are in the middle of these mountains does not support the argument in the main part of the question. | entailment |
11,243 | One should always capitalize the main words and the first and last words of a title. But one should never capitalize articles, or prepositions and conjunctions with fewer than five letters, when they occur in the middle of a title. | If a word in the middle of a title should be capitalized, then that word is neither an article nor a conjunction shorter than five letters can be properly inferred from the statements above. | entailment |
14,796 | An ancient Pavonian text describes how an army of one million enemies of Pavonia stopped to drink at a certain lake and drank the lake dry. Recently, archaeologists discovered that water-based life was suddenly absent just after the event was alleged by the text to have occurred. On the basis of reading the text and an account of the archaeological evidence, some students concluded that the events described really took place. | The questionable technique used by the students to reach their conclusion is considering people and locations whose existence cannot be substantiated by modern historians. | not-entailment |
4,920 | Once a writer was asked to identify a very sloppy paragraph in his work. He said, when I wrote these sentences, only monk Huai Su was with me, and now only he knows. | Most people can't understand cursive script is what the writer means. | not-entailment |
4,244 | Instinct can make creatures make complex responses to stimuli. Compared with non-instinctive respond, instinctive respond requires only a few nerve cells. A brain with capabilities of non-instinctive respond must have a large number of nerve cells, and no insect brain has such a number of nerve cells. | The response of insects is generally instinctive can be inferred from above. | entailment |
764 | Murphy's law is a famous conclusion made by engineer Edward Murphy. The main content is: if something is possible to go bad, although the possibility is small, it will happen. | According to the above definition, Xiao Li accidentally dropping some pieces of bread on the new carpet, and the top one being smeared with jam when it fell with the side with jam facing down does not reflect Murphy's Law. | not-entailment |
9,418 | Commercial confusion means that operators engage in market transactions by deceptive means to confuse their own goods or services with those of specific competitors, resulting in unfair competition that may be sufficient to make buyers mistakenly buy. | A Baiwei beer sold by a brewer that is very similar to the outer packaging of the well-known brand Budweiser, but has a price that is only half that of Budweiser, is a commercial confusion according to the above definition. | entailment |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.