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8,138 | Society and culture advocate generosity, but such behavior often requires one to contribute one's own resources to the interests of others, so it is difficult to explain with general economic theory. However, some neuroscience papers have pointed out that even at the expense of self-interest, some people are generous to others because when people show generosity, they activate specific areas of the brain. and these areas are associated with areas that produce happiness. | According to this passage, the behavior of sacrificing self-interest to satisfy others should not be respected too much. | not-entailment |
5,862 | Previous studies have suggested that volcanic eruptions release large amounts of heat and cause the global warming, but recent studies have found that volcanic eruptions not only do not cause the global warming, but can also reduce its impact. | The statement "Volcanic eruptions inhibit certain bacteria that break down organic matter, which contains methane, a combustible gas that produces heat" is true to support the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
2,405 | Recently, researchers have found that fever can promote the transfer of lymphocytes to the infected site. They explain that this is because fever increases the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in T lymphocytes, which binds to integrins and promotes T lymphocytes to adhere to blood vessels and eventually accelerate migration to the site of infection. | The statement 'Fever can induce Hsp90 to bind to the tail of integrin and activate integrin' cannot support the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
11,633 | A major network news organization experienced a drop in viewership in the week following the airing of a controversial report on the economy. The network also received a very large number of complaints regarding the report. The network, however, maintains that negative reactions to the report had nothing to do with its loss of viewers. | The statement 'The other major network news organizations reported similar reductions in viewership during the same week' most strongly supports the network's position. | entailment |
6,129 | According to reports, female viewers accounted for nearly 2/3 of the core audience of parent-child programs on a certain satellite TV. You can imagine a scene like this: at night, a young mother takes her young children alone, watching Dad with Children on TV at home. And the young dad may still be working overtime, socializing, or just staying in the bedroom to play games and play the computer-their children still continue the story of not being accompanied by their father. In fact, this phenomenon also happens to the mother. In many modern families, the responsibility of raising children is mainly transferred to the older generation of elderly people. | Absence of the main body of parent-child education in real life is meant to be emphasized. | entailment |
7,342 | Under the conditions of a market economy, as long as opportunities are equal, legal competition, no fraud, no privileges and corruption, the emergence of the gap between the rich and the poor in the society can only be attributed to the innate differences of individuals, acquired efforts, and opportunities and luck. | It can be concluded that if deceit, privilege and corruption are rampant in society, the gap between the rich and the poor cannot be attributed to personal congenital differences, acquired efforts, opportunities and luck. | not-entailment |
11,226 | In a recent study, each member of two groups of people, Group A (composed of persons sixty-five to seventy-five years old) and Group B (composed of college students), was required to make a telephone call to a certain number at a specified time. The time when each call was initiated was recorded electronically. Group A proved far better at remembering to make a telephone call precisely at a specified time than did Group B. There were fourteen lapses in Group B but only one lapse in Group A. Clearly, at least one type of memory does not suffer as a person ages. | The statement 'The same group of researchers answered the calls made by the callers in both study groups' is LEAST helpful in establishing that the conclusion above is properly drawn. | entailment |
5,236 | The development of contemporary economy no longer depends mainly on labor. For example, in the United States, the whole information superhighway project will take 20 years, with a total investment of 400 billion US dollars. It will cost $200 billion to install high-capacity fiber-optic lines for all 95 million homes. | The future economic development mainly depends on high technology is correct. | not-entailment |
11,091 | The five senses have traditionally been viewed as distinct yet complementary. Each sense is thought to have its own range of stimuli that are incapable of stimulating the other senses. However, recent research has discovered that some people taste a banana and claim that they are tasting blue, or see a color and say that it has a specific smell. This shows that such people, called synesthesiacs, have senses that do not respect the usual boundaries between the five recognized senses. | The statement 'The particular ways in which sensory experiences overlap in synesthesiacs follow a definite pattern' most seriously weakens the argument. | not-entailment |
3,393 | Formal communication refers to the transmission and communication of information within the organizational system according to certain organizational principles. For example, correspondence between organizations, internal communication of documents, meetings, regular exchange of information between superiors and subordinates. In addition, the group organized visits, technical exchanges, market research and so on are also included. | A Friend's party is not a formal communication channel. | not-entailment |
11,667 | Debater: As a pedagogical practice, lecturing embodies hierarchy, since the lecturer is superior to the student in mastery of the subject. But people learn best from peer interaction. Thus, the hierarchy in lecturing is a great weakness. Respondent: By definition, all teaching and learning are hierarchical, for all teaching and learning must proceed from simple to complex. In teaching mathematics, for example, arithmetic must precede calculus. Thus, the hierarchy in lecturing is a strength. | The respondent's reply to the debater's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the respondent applies a key concept to a different aspect of education than the aspect to which the debater applied it. | entailment |
3,220 | In recent years, academic misconduct and even academic corruption have become more and more serious. Some people plagiarize other people's research results, some make up experimental data, and some take patients for experiments without permission, which not only loses the bottom line of scholars, but also does not even have the bottom line of life. As a scholar, Professor Li feels very sad about this. He believes that academic corruption has reached the point where it must be punished, But the wife, who is also a scholar, said, I don't agree with you. Professor Zhang of our college is rigorous in his scholarship. He has never committed academic misconduct. | The statement "Professor Zhang may also have academic misconduct, but it has not been found" best refutes the wife of Professor Li's point of view. | not-entailment |
10,284 | For those who want to keep fit, the effect of alternating multiple physical exercises is better than that of a single project.A single project of exercise makes a small number of muscles developed, while the alternating multiple physical exercises can develop the body's muscle group in an all-round way, and the latter consumes more calories than the former. | If it is much more difficult to fully develop the muscle group of the human body than to promote the development of a small number of muscles, then this option most advantageously reinforces the above argument. | not-entailment |
1,007 | Advance payment refers to the payment of a certain amount of money to the other party according to the agreement as a guarantee of claims. After the debtor fulfills its debts, the deposit shall be offset against the price or recovered. If the party paying the deposit fails to perform the agreed obligation, it shall not have the right to request the return of the deposit; If the party receiving the deposit fails to perform the agreed debt, it shall double the deposit. | Xiao Li's payment of 20,000 yuan to the landlord after fancying a second-hand house and agreeing to sell the house to Xiao Li within a week is an advance payment according to the above definition. | entailment |
6,993 | Chinese TV people must face up to the fact that it is not the institutions and channels of these entities that pose a real challenge to television, no matter whether they are mobile phones, networks or other mobile terminals. it is the audience who is slowly changing under the immersion of these media environment. These audiences, they may be TV masses, netizens, or hand-shot mobs. The TV content has been out of the control of the producers from the moment it is delivered to them. What kind of information, fun and values these audiences will get from TV programs, and how they will interpret, derive and alter TV programs, all keep TV people awake at night. | The most likely content of this passage is how to adapt TV production to the change of audience's taste. | entailment |
9,376 | Australian box jellyfish is one of the most poisonous animals in the world. after stinging, its toxin can cause skin necrosis and severe pain, invade the heart and cause death due to cardiac arrest in a short period of time. A box jellyfish carries enough venom to kill 60 people, and there is no specific drug for its venom. Recently, through genome-wide screening, researchers have found that a protein called ATP2B1 in human cells is a necessary condition for box jellyfish venom to be toxic, and researchers believe that lowering cholesterol through targeted therapy can fight box jellyfish venom. | Cholesterol is needed for ATP2B1 proteins to function can be used as the premise of the above argument. | entailment |
6,338 | There is one difference between science and art: science emphasizes the latest discoveries, the latest laws and equations, and the pattern is always renovated, and always runs straight forward. Art is not so convenient. No matter ancient or modern, there are no existing laws or equations can be used for plagiarism and application, so that art can form a relay race like scientific research. The subtle essence of this is that fathers cannot be taught to sons, and mothers cannot be taught to daughters. Everything has to be started from scratch on their own. | The main idea of this passage is the difference between science and art. | entailment |
13,505 | Most land-dwelling vertebrates have rotating limbs terminating in digits, a characteristic useful for land movement. Biologists who assume that this characteristic evolved only after animals abandoned aquatic environments must consider the Acanthostega, a newly discovered ancestor of all land vertebrates. It possessed rotating limbs terminating in digits, but its skeleton was too feeble for land movement. It also breathed using only internal gills, indicating that it and its predecessors were exclusively aquatic. | The statements above, if true, most strongly support the statement 'Certain anatomical characteristics common to some aquatic animals represent an advantage for survival on land.' | entailment |
10,091 | Scientists applied desulfurization ash from some power plants to 40 mu of saline-alkali land in Inner Mongolia. As a result, corn and grass grew in this land. The scientists concluded that the desulfurized ash from coal-fired power plants can be used to transform saline-alkali land. | The main component of desulfurization ash is gypsum, and the use of gypsum to improve saline-alkali land has a history of more than 100 years, if true, best supports the scientist's conclusion. | not-entailment |
1,446 | Domestic dogs are good friends of human beings. Although they are very different, they have a common ancestor -- the gray Wolf. Gray wolves are widely distributed around the globe, but local domestic dogs did not evolve from local wolves. Comparing the genetic diversity of domestic dog populations from different regions based on the genome D.NA., the researchers found that the highest diversity was found in domestic dog populations from southern East Asia. At the same time, the structure of the phylogenetic tree also supports the common origin of the domestic dog. In phylogenetic trees, the end of each branch represents a population, and closely related populations tend to be closer together on the tree. Domestic dogs from southern East Asia were located at the base of the phylogenetic tree. | Genome D.NA.'s research has fundamentally solved the question of the origin of domestic dogs is described in words. | not-entailment |
4,567 | Some people believe that high levels of testosterone are the main cause of heart attack in men. However, this view is wrong, because testosterone levels in men with heart disease are generally lower than those in men without heart disease. | The above discussion is based on the assumption that heart disease does not significantly reduce testosterone levels in men. | entailment |
5,439 | Regression education is a theory that people's life should be a process of continuous alternation and combination of learning and work. Adults who are employed after receiving compulsory education or basic education or even higher education should return to school to study when necessary. | The technicians of a factory went to the night school held by their unit to tutor English for charging belongs to regression education according to the above definition. | entailment |
12,472 | The Testament of William Thorpe was published around 1530 as an appendix to Thorpe's longer Examination. Many scholars, however, doubt the attribution of the Testament to Thorpe because, whereas the Examination is dated 1406, the Testament is dated 1460. One scholar has recently argued that the 1460 date be amended to 1409, based on the observation that when these numbers are expressed as Roman numerals, MCCCCLX and MCCCCIX, it becomes easy to see how the dates might have become confused through scribal error. | The statement 'The Testament alludes to a date, Friday, September 20, as apparently contemporaneous with the writing of the Testament, and September 20 fell on a Friday in 1409 but not in 1460' would most support the scholar's hypothesis concerning the date of the Testament. | entailment |
10,772 | Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, <b> any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. </b> Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last years record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and <b> there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year' s start-ups. </b>So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last years record. | The first boldface portion in the argument is presented as an obvious truth on which the argument is based, and the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument. | entailment |
2,684 | Researcher Wang: the mass entrepreneurship and mass innovation put forward by our government inspires every entrepreneur. For entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to have a perseverance. No matter what difficulties you encounter in starting a business, you must stick to it. Professor Li: for entrepreneurs, the most important thing is to dare to try new technologies. Because there are some new technologies that some big companies do not dare to try easily, this brings opportunities for entrepreneurs to succeed. | The most accurate point of the difference between Professor Wang and Professor Li is that the most important thing is to dare to meet the challenges of various entrepreneurial challenges, or dare to try new technologies that big companies do not dare to try easily. | not-entailment |
8,896 | If a crisis occurs, the company can take very effective measures to eliminate the crisis, which can actually increase the company's reputation. A very good reputation may be destroyed in an instant because of an incident; while a bad reputation often takes a long time to eliminate it. | If the above statement is true, then the statement 'It is easier to destroy a good reputation than to eliminate a bad one' is most supported. | entailment |
3,001 | A report on acid rain concluded, most forests in Canada are not damaged by acid rain. Critics of the report insist that this conclusion must be changed to, most forests in Canada do not show obvious symptoms of being damaged by acid rain, such as abnormal leaf loss, slower growth or higher mortality. | Acid rain may be causing damage whose symptoms are not yet obvious, if true, provides the most logically strong justification for critics' insistence on changing the conclusions of the report. | entailment |
11,014 | Public health expert: Until recently people believed that applications of biochemical research would eventually achieve complete victory over the microorganisms that cause human disease. However, current medical research shows that those microorganisms reproduce so rapidly that medicines developed for killing one variety will only spur the evolution of other varieties that are immune to those medicines. The most rational public health strategy, ttherefore, would place much more emphasis than at present on fully informing people about the transmission of diseases caused by microorganisms, with a view to minimizing the incidence of such diseases. | The conclusion drawn by the public health expert is that no one who is fully informed about the diseases caused by microorganisms will ever fall victim to those diseases. | not-entailment |
14,724 | A large group of hyperactive children whose regular diets included food containing large amounts of additives was observed by researchers trained to assess the presence or absence of behavior problems. The children were then placed on a low-additive diet for several weeks, after which they were observed again. Originally nearly 60 percent of the children exhibited behavior problems; after the change in diet, only 30 percent did so. On the basis of these data, it can be concluded that food additives can contribute to behavior problems in hyperactive children. | The statement 'there is no way to know what changes would have occurred without the change of diet, since only children who changed to a low-additive diet were studied' is the reason why the evidence cited fails to establish the conclusion. | entailment |
5,833 | Chinese car manufacturers are developing smart cars.The direct cause is the rising price of gasoline.Due to the continuous improvement of consumers' awareness of energy conservation, the development of energy-saving cars requires a lot of investment.China's FAW Group will spend 13 billion yuan on development of its own-brand cars, mainly energy-efficient cars, by 2015, while Shanghai Automotive Group plans to spend 21.4 billion yuan by 2012.The money will be used to develop energy-saving technologies for new cars and develop energy-efficient vehicles to compete.This is expected to speed up the restructuring of China's auto industry, improving the chaos of small and large enterprises. | The most likely reason for Chinese car manufacturers to invest in energy-efficient cars is that the energy-efficient cars have huge market prospects. | entailment |
8,608 | Recently, a research team surveyed 519 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 who had never smoked traditional cigarettes by means of a questionnaire. The survey included these young people's e-cigarette use and intention to smoke traditional cigarettes. Wait. Among young people who have never smoked traditional cigarettes, those who are vaping are more likely to try traditional cigarettes, and regulatory policies on e-cigarettes should pay attention to protecting young people, the study said. | The statement '20% of respondents have tried e-cigarettes or are likely to try e-cigarettes in the future' best supports the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
2,553 | When the Meng / Guan team won the championship at the Athens Olympic Games, there were two more pairs of athletes and they reached the finish line almost at the same time. Before the Beijing Olympic Games, it was predicted that although the Meng / Guan team did not reach their best form, it was possible to win the gold medal. | The results of the Meng / Guan group and those two couples being far better than those of the other contestants does not improve the probability of Meng / Guan winning the championship in the Beijing Olympic Games. | entailment |
10,590 | Fossilized teeth of an extinct species of herbivorous great ape have on them phytoliths, which are microscopic petrified remains of plants. Since only phytoliths from certain species of plants are found on the teeth, the apes' diet must have consisted only of those plants. | The argument assumes that plants of every type eaten by the apes left phytoliths on their teeth. | entailment |
6,154 | When discussing the differences and the pros and cons of science and religion as cognitive methods, people often put forward the view that science is not everything, and science can make mistakes. This is obviously correct. But in that discussion, no one claimed that Under the condition that science is always correct, actively inserting this view is obviously using the fact that all cognitive methods are not perfect to deliberately confuse different cognitive methods. This is extremely misleading. | The author wants to say that the idea that science can go wrong can sometimes confuse the audience according to this text. | entailment |
11,297 | Start-up companies financed by venture capitalists have a much lower failure rate than companies financed by other means. Source of financing, ttherefore, must be a more important causative factor in the success of a start-up company than are such factors as the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur, the quality of strategic planning, or the management structure of the company. | The statement 'The strategic planning of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur' most seriously weakens the argument above. | not-entailment |
9,925 | A unit conducted a year-end evaluation, after a democratic vote, identified A, B, C, D, E five people as the candidates for the first prize. In the selection of five into four, the following factors need to be taken into account: 1) at least one of C and D is selected. 2) if E is selected, then An and B are also selected. 3)Of the three people in A and B and D, at most 2 were selected. | The option D is not in the fourth according to the above statement. | entailment |
10,420 | After all the cold dishes of a banquet are served, there are seven hot dishes. Among them, 3 Sichuan cuisine: K, L, M: 3 Cantonese cuisine: Q, N, P: one Shandong cuisine: X. Only one hot dish is served at a time, and the order of serving must meet the following conditions :(1) neither sichuan cuisine nor cantonese cuisine can be served consecutively. (2) P cannot go up before Q unless the second one goes up Q. (3) P must go up before X. (4) M must go up before K, and K must go up before N. | The fifth upper X may be true if the third is M. | entailment |
4,955 | Origin thinking refers to setting people or things to an origin, often returning to the origin for thinking, performing state comparison, correcting deviations, and constantly moving toward the goal. | The statement 'frequent communication' belongs to origin thinking. | not-entailment |
4,553 | Due to gene mutation, cells proliferate and differentiate uncontrollably, and eventually develop into malignant tumors. There are many abnormal proteins encoded by mutant genes on the surface of cancer cells. It is reasonable to say that these abnormal proteins should be recognized by the body's immune system in time, and trigger an immune response to remove cancer cells at one stroke. However, due to the rapid development of tumor cells, they are very good at camouflage, Moreover, it is constantly mutated. In the face of fierce and resourceful tumor cells, the originally powerful immune cells seem to be unable and even turn a blind eye to some tumor cells. The immunosuppression formed in the tumor microenvironment makes the immune system paralyzed. | According to the above information, the study that compares the lifestyle and personality characteristics of patients with malignant tumors with those of healthy people to find out the risk factors inducing tumor incidence may contribute to the development of effective antitumor drugs. | entailment |
5,417 | The necessary condition refers to a relationship between two sentences. If the false sentence is false, it can be concluded that sentence B is false, then sentence A is the necessary condition of sentence B | The statement 'Salesperson at the jewelry counter is either a college student or a beautiful girl' is a necessary condition for the statement 'The salesperson at the jewelry counter is a beautiful girl.' | entailment |
6,763 | Genomics research shows that the human genome contains 20 to 25000 genes, but so far, using gene detection technology, only more than a thousand disease genes can be found, and all of them are single gene diseases. However, polygenic diseases in humans are still a blind spot for technical testing. In this regard, the existing genetic test results all use high, medium, low or a certain percentage range to indicate the risk probability of an individual suffering from a certain disease, which simply cannot reach the so-called 100% accuracy. In addition, even if the genetic test results are normal, the possibility of getting sick cannot be ruled out. | The main content of this text is that the current gene detection has its limitations in the application of technology. | entailment |
8,097 | Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment. | We call on the people to participate in the construction of ecological civilization is a literal meaning. | not-entailment |
13,787 | Physician: The patient is suffering either from disease X or else from disease Y, but there is no available test for distinguishing X from Y. Ttherefore, since there is an effective treatment for Y but no treatment for X, we must act on the assumption that the patient has a case of Y. | The physician's reasoning could be based on the principle that when only one strategy carries the possibility of success, circumstances must as much as possible be changed to fit this strategy. | not-entailment |
13,781 | Gas station owner: Increased fuel efficiency reduces air pollution and dependence on imported oil, which has led some people to suggest that automobile manufacturers should make cars smaller to increase their fuel efficiency. But smaller cars are more likely to be seriously damaged in collisions and provide less protection for their occupants. Greater fuel efficiency is not worth the added risk to human lives; ttherefore, manufacturers should not seek to increase fuel efficiency. | The reasoning in the gas station owner's argument is flawed because the argument concludes, on the basis of the claim that one means to an end is unacceptable, that the end should not be pursued. | entailment |
11,335 | Of the two proposals for solving the traffic problems on Main Street, Chen' s plan is better for the city as a whole, as is clear from the fact that the principal supporter of Ripley' s plan is Smith Stores. Smith Stores, with its highly paid consultants, knows where its own interest lies and, moreover, has supported its own interests in the past, even to the detriment of the city as a whole. | The faulty reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to the statement that the planned light-rail system will clearly serve suburban areas well, since its main opponent is the city government, which has always ignored the needs of the suburbs and sought only to protect the interests of the city. | entailment |
1,047 | A study found that a pair of right-handed couples are only about 9.5% likely to have left-handed children. If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability of the child being left-handed rises to 19.5%. If both parents are left-handed, the probability of the child being left-handed is 26%. Therefore, the researchers believe that the habit of using left and right hands is genetically affected. | If true, the statement that a study of twins found that 50% of twins are left-handed and one is right-handed can weaken the above view. | entailment |
4,388 | The term emergency risk avoidance refers to an act that may not be taken to damage the legitimate rights and interests of another party in order to protect the state, public interests, personal, property and other rights of oneself or others from ongoing danger. | Du was chased and bitten by a mad dog in the street. In a hurry, he kicked open Liu's door and rushed into the house belongs to emergency risk avoidance. | entailment |
6,727 | Individuals always live in certain institutional arrangements, and Chinese traditional Confucian institutional arrangements are mostly informal, emphasizing the internalization of behavior rules, neglecting external compulsory constraints, and having high flexibility. | Under the arrangement of the Confucian system, individuals can flexibly adjust their own rules of behavior with the understanding of their own institutional rules is correct. | entailment |
6,301 | In terms of novel concept, it is an inevitable road from truth to fiction, and Chinese novelists are also on this inevitable road, consciously or unconsciously moving away from historical narration. At the same time, from the rise and prosperity of vernacular books to imitative vernacular books, short stories and novels, Chinese novelists absorb the nutrients of various language forms, moving away from the classical Chinese tradition on the road of gradual evolution from the vernacular language tradition. | Chinese novelists got rid of the narrative mode with historical stories as the theme, such as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the Water Margin is incorrect in explaining the meaning of the two moving away of Chinese novelists mentioned in this paragraph. | not-entailment |
6,086 | Chinese consumers' understanding and requirements for cars have changed greatly, and their values and understanding of cars will affect their intention to buy cars. In the survey of multiple car purchase indicators, we found that we no longer emphasize a single indicator, but safety performance is still the most concerned indicator for consumers to buy cars, accounting for 8.6% in our survey; Secondly, it focuses on the handling performance of the car; The third is quality durability; Then there are appearance, comfort, brand reputation, image, power performance and used car value. Even the index proportion of the brand behind has reached 8.1%. | Consumers' attention to car brands shows a downward trend is consistent with the meaning of the text. | not-entailment |
7,123 | The harmful behavior of omission refers to the negative behavior, that is, the actor does not perform or actively perform his legal obligations, resulting in the consequences of endangering the society. | According to the above definition, after giving birth to the baby, B selling the baby to others at a price of 20000 yuan because he was unwilling to raise it is a harmful behavior of omission. | not-entailment |
10,996 | Ruth: To become a politician, a person should be required to have a diversity of experience. The more diverse one' s experience, the more one will understand the need for compromise. Stephanie: To be worthy of public trust, it is not enough, as you suggest, that one simply have varied experience. Such a person would not necessarily be worthy of public trust. | The response attributes to Ruth a view that is more vulnerable to criticism than any she actually expresses most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning in Stephanie's response to Ruth's statements. | entailment |
12,203 | In order to reduce traffic congestion and raise revenue for the city, the mayor plans to implement a charge of $10 per day for driving in the downtown area. Payment of this charge will be enforced using a highly sophisticated system that employs digital cameras and computerized automobile registration. This system will not be ready until the end of next year. Without this system, however, mass evasion of the charge will result. Ttherefore, when the mayor' s plan is first implemented, payment of the charge will not be effectively enforced. | The assumption that the plan to charge for driving downtown should be implemented as soon as payment of the charge can be effectively enforced is necessary for the argument's conclusion to be properly drawn. | not-entailment |
9,888 | Infectious disease outbreaks among wild animals due to virus invasion. A new study found that animals living in tropical, subtropical or low-altitude areas are at constant risk of infectious diseases due to their hot living environment. Animals living at low temperatures, such as high latitudes and altitudes, used to be protected from viruses because of long winters, but now winters are getting warmer and shorter. As a result, rising temperatures will exacerbate outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. | The statement "Animal species adapted to cold and high-altitude habitats are at increased risk of outbreaks of infectious diseases" best supports the above statement. | not-entailment |
5,248 | The so-called urban disease refers to a series of social problems caused by the excessive concentration of population in big cities. It is mainly manifested in the blind expansion of urban planning and construction to the surrounding area, a large amount of cultivated land is occupied, and the contradiction between man and land is more acute. . | The pressure of employment is increasing does not belong to the specific manifestation of urban disease according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
5,469 | Under normal circumstances, the left anterior temporal lobe and orbitofrontal cortex of human brain will inhibit the neural activities of the visual system located at the back of the brain and responsible for processing eye signals. However, in patients with FTD (frontotemporal dementia), these two regions may not be able to send inhibitory signals. In this way, the brain can behave in some pathological abnormal behaviors. But it will also release the patient's artistic sensitivity or other creativity. It can be said that FTD is a window to the palace of art. | The statement 'Less than 1% of FTD patients can become outstanding artists during their illness' most questions the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
494 | A scientific research institution proposed that wet sand was the key for the ancient Egyptians to carry huge stones and statues in the desert. The researchers pointed out that the ancient Egyptians put heavy stones on the sled, laid a layer of wet sand in front of the sled, and then dragged them. This transportation method had an unexpected effect. In the experiment, the researchers used a rheometer to test the hardness of sand, in order to confirm how much traction force is needed to deform a certain amount of sand. And on this basis, a traction model is designed. It is found that it is easier to move heavy objects when wet sand is laid before the skid, and the water content in the sand determines the hardness and traction force of the sand. | Skid traction is inversely proportional to the hardness of sand, which is twice as hard as dry sand, if true, best supports the above conclusion. | entailment |
12,607 | Not all certified loan consultants have college degrees. Ttherefore, although every loan consultant at the local bank is certified, it must be the case that not all the loan consultants at the local bank have college degrees. | The flawed pattern of reasoning exhibited by the argument is most similar to that exhibited by the statement that some paintings in the museum are unfinished because they were done by great artists and all paintings in the museum were done by great artists. | entailment |
8,845 | There is a psychological theory that in order to be happy, one person must maintain a close relationship with another person. However, the world's greatest philosophers spent most of their lives alone and without close relationships. Therefore, this psychological theory must be wrong. | The assumption that the world's greatest philosophers prefer to avoid close relationships must be made by the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
1,266 | Since the 20 th century, qualitative changes have taken place in human understanding of strings. The string is the vibration, and the vibration will produce waves, which shows that the waves constitute a rich and colorful world, which provides an ideological basis and technical method for the re-understanding of beauty. The research shows that there is a profound internal relationship between natural beauty and the wavelength (or frequency) of matter, and there is a coupling relationship between the natural frequency of objects and the frequency of human beings. beauty is caused by the interaction between the frequencies of different types of spectra and human beings. | The brave behavior of righteousness is recognized by the society because the vibration frequency of the aesthetic subject is the same is incorrect according to this passage. | entailment |
13,289 | Consumer health advocate: Your candy company adds caffeine to your chocolate candy bars so that each one delivers a specified amount of caffeine. Since caffeine is highly addictive, this indicates that you intend to keep your customers addicted. Candy manufacturer: Our manufacturing process results in there being less caffeine in each chocolate candy bar than in the unprocessed cacao beans from which the chocolate is made. | The candy manufacturer's response is flawed as a refutation of the consumer health advocate's argument because it fails to address the issue of whether the level of caffeine in the candy bars sold by the manufacture is enough to keep people addicted. | entailment |
11,384 | This company will not be training any more pilots in the foreseeable future, since we have 400 trained pilots on our waiting list who are seeking employment. The other five major companies each have roughly the same number of trained pilots on their waiting lists, and since the projected requirement of each company is for not many more than 100 additional pilots, there will be no shortage of personnel despite the current upswing in the aviation industry. | Some of the other major companies are still training pilots but with no presumption of subsequent employment casts the most doubt on the accuracy of the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
6,676 | The use of language is an important condition for social, economic, political and cultural life, which no one can leave every day.Learning to use the language correctly is of great significance to the accuracy of our thinking and the improvement of our work efficiency. | The statement "Learning to use language correctly is necessary for our life" is the most accurate restatement of the main idea of this passage according to the conclusion. | not-entailment |
1,179 | When public opinion is in a position of direct power, when it is unequal, public opinion will not be able to gain respect for its rights, and it will not be possible to protect itself in front of power, let alone let power be obedient.Therefore, in order for public opinion to really play a role, there is no other way but to give public opinion the power. Rights, in particular, need to understand that public opinion is the premise and basis of power action, and respect for public opinion is reflected, and everything is not done in accordance with public opinion.When it is limited to certain conditions and cannot act in accordance with public opinion, confess the reasons to the public and ask the public for understanding, which is the only way to achieve a win-win situation between power and public opinion. | The main point of view of the author is that the fundamental reason why public opinion cannot be respected by power is that the power of public opinion is weak. | not-entailment |
11,740 | S: Our nation is becoming too averse to risk. We boycott any food reported to contain a toxic chemical, even though the risk, as a mathematical ratio, might be minimal. With this mentality, Columbus would never have sailed west. T: A risk-taker in one context can be risk-averse in another: the same person can drive recklessly, but refuse to eat food not grown organically. | T responds to S by showing that risk cannot be defined in relation to perceived probable benefit. | not-entailment |
2,437 | Dandan, Xiaoying and Shuzhen went to take part in the Olympic Games. There are three kinds of mathematics, physics and chemistry in the Olympic Games, and each person only takes part in one. Jianguo, Xiaojie and Daniul made the following guesses: Jianguo: Dandan participated in the math competition and Xiaoying participated in the physics competition. Xiao Jie: Shuzhen didn't take part in the physics competition. Xiaoying took part in the math competition. Dandan did not take part in the math competition, while Xiaoying took part in the chemistry competition. | Dandan, Xiaoying and Shuzhen took part in chemistry, physics and mathematics competitions respectively if their guesses are half right. | entailment |
14,439 | For Juanita to get to the zoo she must take either the number 12 bus or else the subway. Everyone knows that the number 12 bus is not running this week; so although Juanita generally avoids using the subway, she must have used it today, since she was seen at the zoo this afternoon. | The method of the argument is to show that something is the case by ruling out the only alternative. | entailment |
8,756 | The area of equatorial rainforest in H country has been reduced by an astonishing proportion every year, but the data of satellite photos show that the reduction of rainforest area in H country last year is significantly lower than that in previous years. Last year, the H government spent millions of dollars to stop deforestation and prevent forest fires. The H government claims that the data from the above satellite photos show that its government's efforts to protect the equatorial rainforest have achieved remarkable results. | There was an unusual large area of continuous rainfall in the welding machine in H country last year will most weaken the above conclusion of the H government. | entailment |
6,816 | Ralph Darrandolph wrote in 1998 that the 20th century was largely dominated by divisions, leading to a hot cold war, but it was also the origin of integration; globalization began to dominate people's lives, imagination and fear. People have to think from a global perspective to respond to this increasingly globalized reality. | The situation of the 20th century highlighted by Darrandolf here is the connection between the world getting closer and closer. | entailment |
7,772 | Because the suspect sells the fake medicine to the pharmacy, the coverage is very wide and the social harm is extremely big. In particular, first-aid drugs such as heart-saving pills, once patients make fake drugs in river, the consequences are unimaginable. An investigation by a public security bureau found that those fake drugs not only have high manufacturing technology and packaging level, but also are popular well-known brands in the current market. The sales volume is astonishing and the purchase price is close to the production cost. | Some of the most harmful criminal activities in society include the sale of fake medicine with a high level of technology can be inferred. | not-entailment |
11,661 | Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers. | The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration is an assumption on which the argument depends. | not-entailment |
1,371 | In a broad sense, environmental culture includes both material results and spiritual results; in a narrow sense, it only includes spiritual results. It mainly refers to those achieved on environmental protection issues, national, national, Even the broad consensus of the entire mankind, as well as the expressions of various cultures and arts that contain these consensus content. | The meaning of It in the passage is spiritual and material achievements. | not-entailment |
12,404 | It is widely believed that lancelets -- small, primitive sea animals -- do not have hearts. Each lancelet has a contracting vessel, but this vessel is considered an artery rather than a heart. However, this vessel is indeed a heart. After all, it strongly resembles the structure of the heart of certain other sea animals. Moreover, the muscular contractions in the lancelet' s vessel closely resemble the muscular contractions of other animals' hearts. | The statement 'Only animals that have contracting vessels have hearts' is an assumption required by the argument. | not-entailment |
4,786 | In recent years, in order to avoid coal mine safety accidents, many coal mines have strengthened their emphasis on safe production. Public information shows: Before 2000, China's coal mine accidents killed tens of thousands of people every year. Since 2000, accidents have died every year,the number began to be controlled below 7,000. In 2003, the death toll was 6,434; in 2004, 6,027; in 2005, 5,986; in 2006, a total of 4,746 deaths occurred in coal mines across the country. Therefore, we have concluded that as long as coal mine owners are pay adequate attention to safety production can effectively curb the occurrence of mining accidents. | In recent years, the state has forcibly closed a large number of illegal small coal mines without safety guarantees, which can weaken the above conclusion the most. | entailment |
10,091 | Scientists applied desulfurization ash from some power plants to 40 mu of saline-alkali land in Inner Mongolia. As a result, corn and grass grew in this land. The scientists concluded that the desulfurized ash from coal-fired power plants can be used to transform saline-alkali land. | The saline-alkali land next to the 40-mu experimental field where no desulfurization ash was applied was covered with gray, and even weeds were rare, if true, best supports the scientist's conclusion. | entailment |
10,338 | All green or germinated potatoes contain more toxic alkaloids-solanine. None of the checked potatoes are green or sprouted. Therefore, the checked potatoes are safe to eat. | If the statement 'Potatoes that are not green or sprouted are safe to eat' is used as a hypothesis, the conclusion of the above reasoning can be logically inferred. | entailment |
5,621 | Top-level design: it refers to the systematic solution to the problem at the highest level by comprehensively considering all levels and elements of the system, tracing the source, commanding the overall situation. | According to the above definition, the statement 'A municipal government found problems in the inspection of the implementation effect of landscaping decisions, and relevant leaders instructed to optimize the greening scheme of North District' does not meet the requirements of top-level design. | entailment |
11,511 | When Copernicus changed the way we think about the solar system, he did so not by discovering new information, but by looking differently at information already available. Edward Jenner' s discovery of a smallpox vaccine occurred when he shifted his focus to disease prevention from the then more common emphasis on cure. History is replete with breakthroughs of this sort. | Understanding is advanced less often by better organization of available information than it is by the accumulation of new information is illustrated by the examples provided above. | not-entailment |
5,795 | Heroin is sometimes allowed as a painkiller in hospitals to treat critically ill patients. In fact, this should be prohibited. Because, drug traffickers will obtain heroin through this channel, causing serious harm to society. | The statement 'The amount of heroin used for pain relief is insignificant compared to the amount used for illegal transactions' will weaken the above argument most. | entailment |
11,035 | Formal performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted using realistic situations. Physicians are allowed to consult medical texts freely, attorneys may refer to law books and case records, and physicists and engineers have their manuals at hand for ready reference. Students, then, should likewise have access to their textbooks whenever they take examinations. | The reasoning in the argument is questionable because the argument cites examples that are insufficient to support the generalization that performance evaluations in the professional world are conducted in realistic situations. | not-entailment |
387 | At present, the most recognized theory about elementary particles is the standard theory. It was established about 30 years ago, and all discovered elementary particles can be explained according to this theory. For more than 100 years, protons, neutrons, electrons and other elementary particles have been discovered one after another. In the face of these achievements, some people believe that the elementary particles in the universe have been discovered almost, and even if there are, they can be explained by existing theories, Therefore, it will not bring too much surprise to people. | The newly discovered elementary particles do not match the prediction made by the standard theory can best refute the above point of view. | entailment |
13,936 | People who do regular volunteer work tend to live longer, on average, than people who do not. It has been found that doing good, a category that certainly includes volunteer work, releases endorphins, the brain's natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. Clearly, there is a connection: Regular releases of endorphins must in some way help to extend people's lives. | People who do regular volunteer work are only somewhat more likely than others to characterize the work they do for a living as doing good, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence given as support for the hypothesis that endorphins promote longevity. | not-entailment |
3,138 | Disjunctive syllogism: it refers to the reasoning that one sentence in the premise is disjunctive judgment, and then deduces the conclusion according to the disjunctive judgment and the relationship between disjunctions. | According to the above definition, disjunctive syllogism includes the statement "Either social existence determines social consciousness, or social consciousness determines social existence. The history of social development has fully proved that it is by no means social consciousness that determines social existence, so it must be social existence that determines social consciousness." | entailment |
3,539 | Water tourism is a short-term experience with social, leisure and consumption attributes that people go to water and surrounding areas for the main purpose of seeking pleasure. It has gradually become an important carrier for people's leisure fashion and regional tourism development. Water tourism resources refer to waters (Body of Water) and related shores, islands, forests, grasses, buildings and other natural and cultural landscapes that are attractive to people. | A certain building stands on the bank of the Yangtze River and becomes a background for tourists to take pictures is not a water tourism resource according to the above definition. | not-entailment |
1,472 | In the case that the distortion of the economic structure has not been released, the only way to stop the economic downturn, stabilize the economic situation and establish market expectations for a period of time is investment. However, in order to stabilize one or two percentage points of economic growth and launch trillions of investment projects, such handwork is far more than the so-called stable growth needs. | According to the above text, the attitude towards trillions of dollars of investment projects is to appreciate them. | not-entailment |
9,763 | Harmonious management is an organization's practice in order to achieve its goals, in a changing environment, around the harmonious theme elements such as society, market, government and employees, with optimization and uncertainty reduction as a means of harmony to provide solutions to problems. | According to the above definition, In order to gain an advantage in bidding for government projects, Company A specially established a public relations department to engage in relations with the government is a harmonious management. | not-entailment |
7,395 | Discount principle: When there are other reasons that seem to be reasonable, the effect of the cause of a certain result will be discounted. | The discount principle affects Qian's insistence on long-distance running in the morning and exercising for at least 1 hour every day, which makes people who know admire it. | not-entailment |
14,365 | The public interest comprises many interests and the broadcast media must serve all of them. Perhaps most television viewers would prefer an action show to an opera. But a constant stream of action shows on all channels is not in the public interest. Thus, __. | Broadcasters' obligations are not satisfied if they look only to popularity to decide their programming schedules most logically completes the argument. | entailment |
10,791 | Nuclear fusion is a process whereby the nuclei of atoms are joined, or fused, and in which energy is released. One of the by-products of fusion is helium-4 gas. A recent fusion experiment was conducted using heavy water contained in a sealed flask. The flask was, in turn, contained in an air-filled chamber designed to eliminate extraneous vibration. After the experiment, a measurable amount of helium-4 gas was found in the air of the chamber. The experimenters cited this evidence in support of their conclusion that fusion had been achieved. | The statement that 'helium-4 gas rapidly breaks down, forming ordinary helium gas after a few hours' would cast doubt on the experimenters' conclusion. | not-entailment |
6,571 | Appreciation activity is not only a re-creation of the artistic image created by the artist, but also a re-evaluation of the life that the artist has evaluated in his works. Only after re-evaluation can appreciators draw their own conclusions about the social significance of the works of art and receive education from them. | The process in which the appreciator replenishes and even changes the image in his mind is the explanation of recreation according to the above conclusion. | not-entailment |
1,965 | In recent years, Guangzhou's economy is undergoing a profound transformation. Prior to this, Guangzhou, as an important global trade center, gathered more of the global flow of goods and people. The construction of a hub network city in Guangzhou is aimed at bringing together more important capital and intellectual (technical) elements to form a global hub for the allocation of high-end elements. At the same time, the industrial structure of Guangzhou is also accelerated to optimize. On the basis of the original automobile, daily chemical and other advantageous industries, the terminal industry and high-end industry, which represent the future industrial direction, are being introduced into Guangzhou and realizing cluster development, thus making up for the industrial deficiency that has existed for a long time in this city. | The most suitable title for this paragraph is 'Guangzhou's self-change conforming to the general trend of global industry.' | entailment |
12,472 | The Testament of William Thorpe was published around 1530 as an appendix to Thorpe's longer Examination. Many scholars, however, doubt the attribution of the Testament to Thorpe because, whereas the Examination is dated 1406, the Testament is dated 1460. One scholar has recently argued that the 1460 date be amended to 1409, based on the observation that when these numbers are expressed as Roman numerals, MCCCCLX and MCCCCIX, it becomes easy to see how the dates might have become confused through scribal error. | The statement 'The Testament alludes to a date, Friday, September 20, as apparently contemporaneous with the writing of the Testament, and September 20 fell on a Friday in 1409 but not in 1460' would most support the scholar's hypothesis concerning the date of the Testament. | entailment |
3,326 | Civil servants rights refer to the legal permission and guarantee that civil servants can perform certain behaviors, require others to perform certain behaviors or restrain certain behaviors in the process of performing their duties and state duties. | According to the above definition, civil servants serving the people heart and soul is not a civil servant right. | entailment |
4,436 | Students who want to engage in media work apply for journalism and communication. Li Jin applied for journalism and communication. He must want to engage in media work. | The statement 'All students majoring in journalism and communication want to work in the media' supports the assertion most. | entailment |
2,889 | A female teacher at a university silently helped a poor family in a remote mountainous area for 15 years. The reporter inquired about it and found that the person doing the good was one of the five teachers of the University's School of Media, A, B, C, D, and E. In the interview, the five teachers were very humble. They told reporters this way: A: B did this thing. B: I didn't do it. C did it. C: I didn't do this thing. Ding: I didn't do this thing either. A did it. E: If A does not do it, then D will not do it either. The reporter later learned that the words of only one of the above five teachers corresponded to the real situation. | Based on the above information, D is the person who does this good thing. | entailment |
5,448 | According to media reports, a university has officially dismissed 54 professors and associate professors, and rejoiced in the so-called dismissal of professors. The reason is that China's essentially lifelong professor system is like a pot of rice. On the one hand, it leads to a large number of redundant staff in colleges and universities, and on the other hand, it makes professors reluctant to make progress and inhibit competition and innovation. | The statement 'The unscientific dismissal conditions formulated by university administrative leaders will attack the work enthusiasm of in-service professors' can effectively question the above measures. | not-entailment |
11,468 | Mary to Jamal: You acknowledge that as the legitimate owner of this business I have the legal right to sell it whenever I wish. But also you claim that because loyal employees will suffer if I sell it, I ttherefore have no right to do so. Obviously, your statements taken together are absurd. | Mary's reasoning is most vulnerable to the criticism that she overlooks the possibility that Jamal is referring to two different kinds of right. | entailment |
7,313 | In some places, the relevant provisions of the organic Law on villagers' committees have not been truly implemented, in particular an important spirit of the law -- the use of means such as supervision and evaluation in the management process to curb the abuse of power by village officials, it is far from being put in place. Against this background, some village officials are wildly corrupt and it is difficult for villagers to safeguard their rights. Only the investigation group through administrative channels or the Two courtsthrough judicial channels may not be able to solve the problem. | The statement 'In some places, the relevant provisions of the organic Law of villagers' committees have been truly implemented' can best weaken the above relevant content. | not-entailment |
8,932 | There is a Eurocentric bias in view of world culture. In the cultural axis period, each cultural area has its core thought, and each core thought has its contribution to the world culture. The core of Chinese thought is the combination of Confucianism, Taoism and Mohism. The thoughts represented by Confucianism, Taoism and Mohism have made contributions to world culture. | China is one of the cultural areas in the cultural Axis period is the assumption on which the argument rests. | entailment |
12,107 | The companies that are the prime purchasers of computer software will not buy a software package if the costs of training staff to use it are high, and we know that it is expensive to teach people a software package that demands the memorization of unfamiliar commands. As a result, to be successful, commercial computer software cannot require users to memorize unfamiliar commands. | The conclusion above follows logically if it is assumed that commercial computer software will not be successful unless prime purchasers buy it. | entailment |
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