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The Clayr also possess abilities in Charter Magic, but to a lesser extent than the Abhorsen or Royal family lines.
They are descended from Mosrael, the "waker".
The Clayr celebrate the young's "awakening" of their sight when they receive their first vision.
Like the Abhorsen, the Clayr have a strong family resemblance.
All daughters of the Clayr (they have few sons), excluding Remembrancers, have brown skin and blonde, almost white, hair.
The Glacier of the Clayr is home to a great library, as well, which is a repository of magic and history, and is even used as "cold storage" for particularly dangerous, but immortal, creatures.
Their symbol is a seven pointed star.
The Wallmakers were the builders of the Wall that divides the Old Kingdom from Ancelstriere and creators of the Charter Stones; A Charter Magic bloodline particularly skilled in the creation of magical objects.
They created the weaponry of the Royal Family (such as the twin swords wielded by Touchstone), the ceramic, nearly impervious armor known as Gethre owned by the Abhorsens, the Abhorsen's sword, and other powerful Charter Magic objects and weapons possessed by the Clayr.
It can be deduced that they were the last 2 bright shiners, Ranna and Belgaer.
They invested all of their power in their creations, thus leaving no bloodline.
Therefore, for the majority of the books, it is apparent that the Wallmakers are 'extinct' and no longer exist.
By the end of Lirael and for the whole of Abhorsen, we find out that the Wallmaker bloodline has been reconstituted in Prince Sameth, explaining his uncanny ability to create magical "toys" and enchant weaponry, which otherwise would 'take months' to do.
The line was probably brought back for the sole purpose of defeating Orannis.
The symbol of the Wallmaker is a silver trowel or spade.
"The Greater Dead":
The souls of dead necromancers who have used their dark knowledge to rise from Death.
These creatures are the strongest of the Dead and with their necromantic powers they can raise and command the lesser dead.
The most powerful of the Greater Dead is Kerrigor, who is the only undead creature to retain his full potential for Free magic after death.
Sabriel implies that the true home of the greater dead is beyond the Seventh Gate of Death.
"The Lesser Dead":
The collective name for all dead spirits which lack the knowledge and power it takes to become one of the greater dead.
Most lesser dead are the souls after ordinary mortals who refused to accept death.
They often died under unfortunate circumstances, like Thralk who died in a hunting accident.
It is also implied that powerful undead can enslave unwilling souls and force them to become lesser dead.
Sabriel fears this fate when she is running from the Mordicant.
"Mordicant":
A powerful Lesser Dead Free Magic creature which can easily pass through the Gates of Death and into Life where it has a strong hold.
It is created by a necromancer by molding bog-clay and human blood, infusing it with Free Magic, and placing a Dead spirit inside.
It is described as man-like, with eyes like fire, and grey-green flesh that drips with flames and smoke.
Sabriel defeated a weak Mordicant when she was fourteen years old.
However, a very strong one stalked Sabriel on her journey from Ancelstierre to the Abhorsen's House.
As Sabriel drew closer to the Door in the Long Cliffs leading to the Abhorsen's House, it gave chase, but Sabriel made it to the door and through a passageway due to its Charter Magic Guard which momentarily held off the Mordicant.
The Abhorsen's bridge leading to the house stopped the Mordicant as the undead cannot cross fast and deep running water.
The Mordicant then led a siege using Shadow hands and living human slaves who worked non-stop for days to fill the river with earth to allow him to cross.
To end the siege, Sabriel called on the Clayr's gift of water bringing forth a massive wave to wipe the Mordicant and his slaves away.
"Thralk":
A dead spirit that slipped out of Death after the commotion Kerrigor caused in breaking through all the gates single-handedly.
It stayed in Life for decades, feeding off humans.
It found Sabriel in Life on Cloven Crest while she was in Death, though surrounded by a diamond of protection.
Sabriel sensed when the creature broke through her protection, and banished it to death with the Abhorsen's sword and the bell Kibeth.
Thralk died 300 years before when a hunting spear rebounded off a rock and cut his throat.
"Shadow Hands":
Dead creatures controlled and created by a necromancer.
Usually a skilled necromancer uses the heads of dead humans to bring back only their spirits, forming an incorporeal, and dark shadow that only has a pair of hands and does the bidding of the necromancer.
Shadow Hands are difficult to destroy by mere force, but can be easily put to rest by the bells of the Abhorsen.
Sabriel suspected a necromancer of having formed Shadow Hands from the soldiers close to Cloven Crest.
They attacked Wyverly College after the Dead Hands made it past the soldiers and while Sabriel was attempting to destroy Rogirrek (Rogir)/Kerrigor's body.
"Mordaut":
One of the weaker Dead creatures; a parasite.
It cohabits a human body, controlling and hiding in it, and slowly saps the life from it in order to avoid Death.
Once it has nearly consumed the soul of the host, it comes out at night and takes the life of any other human around it.
It has no definite form and moves like a pool of darkness from host to host.
Sabriel encountered a Mordaut on the tiny rocky islet of Nestowe, inhabiting the body of a fisherman named Patar.
Once she had sensed it and was putting it to sleep with Ranna, the Mordaut killed Patar by sucking all the life out of him instantly.
Sabriel stabbed it with her sword and sent it deep into Death using the bells Saraneth (the Binder), Ranna (the Sleepbringer), and Kibeth (the Walker).
"Gore Crows":
Ordinary crows trapped, killed with a ritual, and infused with a single human spirit by a necromancer.
They disintegrate in the sun, are torn apart by wind, and decay over time, but they can fly over running water.
They are strongest when freshly killed, infused with a strong spirit, and are great in numbers.
They seemingly fly without the use of wings or plumage as they are suspended by the Free Magic which was used to create them.
A flock of gore crows attacks Sabriel when she is flying in the Paperwing after escaping from Abhorsen's house.
This book deals with the loss of family (Sabriel's and Touchstone's) and coming to terms with oneself and one's responsibilities.
Abhorsen's final words to Sabriel, "Everyone and everything has a time to die," refer to the idea of sacrifice.
Another theme is that of destiny.
Both the Book of the Dead and Sabriel's almanac contain the lines:
"Does the Walker choose the Path, or the Path the Walker?"
Death is not considered a bad thing as such, and loss is shown to be something that builds character.
"Sabriel" won the Aurealis Award for best young-adult novel and best fantasy novel in 1995.
It is also an ALA Notable Book and was a short-list nominee for the 1996 Ditmar Award for best long fiction.
According to Publishing News, Garth Nix was preparing to pitch a "Sabriel" film to studios in mid-2008 via Steve Fisher at APA.
Nix co-wrote the screenplay with Dan Futterman, actor and Oscar-nominated screenwriter of Capote, and Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner at Plan B Entertainment were to produce.
The director would be Anand Tucker.
Planning for the pitch was delayed by the writer's strike, and resumed in February.
While the current status of any film is unknown, Nix is now represented by Matthew Snyder at CAA.
Marquardt Corporation
Marquardt Corporation was one of the few aeronautical engineering firms that was dedicated almost solely to the development of the ramjet engine.
Marquardt designs were developed through the 1940s into the 1960s, but the ramjet never became a major design and the company turned to other fields in the 1970s.
They suffered a particularly bad financial crisis with the ending of the Cold War, and went bankrupt in the 1990s.
Roy Marquardt was an aeronautical engineering graduate from Caltech who had worked at Northrop during World War II on the YB-35 flying-wing bomber project.
While working on problems cooling the engines, which were buried in the wings, he found that the heat generated by the engines produced useful thrust.
This started his interest in the ramjet principle, and in November 1944 he started Marquardt Aircraft in Venice, California to develop and sell ramjet engines.
In the late 1940s the company relocated to Van Nuys, California, adjacent to the Van Nuys Airport.
Marquardt's first products were wind tunnels, but by the end of their first year they had delivered an experimental 20 inch (0.51 m) ramjet to the United States Navy for testing.
The United States Army Air Forces purchased two of the same design early in 1946, and fitted them to the wingtips of a P-51 Mustang fighter for in-flight testing.
By this time the Navy had fitted theirs to a F7F Tigercat and started flight tests in late 1946.
Later Navy tests fitted the same engine to a XP-83 and F-82 Twin Mustang.
In 1947 Martin built the Gorgon IV missile testbed, powered by the 20" engine.
Four Gorgon flights with the new engines were made that year at Mach 0.85 at 10,000 feet (3,000 m) altitude, and in 1948 a newer engine pushed the speeds to Mach 0.9.
Martin eventually won a contract to convert the Gorgon design into a target drone, becoming the KDM-1 Plover, and delivering Marquardt a contract for 600 more 20" engines.
In 1948 the newly created United States Air Force took delivery of several larger 30" (0.76 m) designs and fitted them to the wingtips of a P-80 Shooting Star, which became the first manned aircraft to be powered by ramjets alone.
An even larger 48" (1.22 m) design was built as a booster for a new interceptor design, but not put into production.
The same year the company also started conversion of the existing engine designs to operate at supersonic speeds.
This requires the airflow to be slowed to subsonic speeds for combustion, which is accomplished with a series of shock waves created by a carefully designed inlet.
Starting with the existing 20" design from 1947, work progressed until the new engine was ready for use in 1949.
By this point the company had outgrown its Venice plant, but was unable to fund a larger factory.
Marquardt sold a controlling interest in the company to General Tire and Rubber Company in 1949, and used the funds to move to a new site in Van Nuys, the former Timm Aircraft factories.
The purchase wasn't a happy one for General Tire due to management differences, after making "only" 25% return in one year, they agreed to sell their share of the company to another investor.
Eventually such an investor was found, and General Tire sold their stake to Laurance Rockefeller in 1950 for $250,000.
In the early 1950s supersonic cruise missile and target drone projects for various roles were quite common.