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Before his death he became minister of Honduras, negotiating in Washington, D.C. for annexation to the United States.
Though not a rich man, Barrundia refused his salary for the public positions he held.
He died in New York in 1854 while serving as Honduran minister plenipotentiary.
Guatemalan President Manuel Estrada Cabrera had his remains repatriated in 1913.
Đồng Nai Province
Đồng Nai () is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).
The largest city in Đồng Nai is Biên Hòa.
Prior to Vietnamese colonization, the area was dominated by the Funan, Chenla, Khmer empire and subsequent influences until 1627.
The area was known as "Kâmpéâp Srâkatrey" (កំពាប់ [កំពប់] ស្រកាត្រី) in Khmer.
Đồng Nai is situated in southeastern Vietnam and bordered by: Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, Bình Dương and Bình Phước, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, and Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).
Đồng Nai province has an advanced traffic system with many backbone national roads crossing, such as: National route 1A, national route 20, National route 51, North–South railway lines; Located adjacent to the Saigon Port and Tan Son Nhat International Airport, it offers many advantages to economic activities in the area.
Its location is very important for the development of the Southern economic main hub and a junction of the South Eastern and Tây Nguyên Highland.
Đồng Nai Province is based essentially on the system of lakes, dams and rivers, of which Trị An Lake with 323 km² and over 60 rivers, rivulets and canals are very favorable for the development of a number of aquatic products: raft bred fish and shrimp.
The seasonal tropical forests are protected in Cát Tiên National Park, located on the north of Đồng Nai and the adjacent Vĩnh Cửu Nature Reserve; the former has been recognized internationally as a significant biosphere reserve.
From the mountainous area, Đồng Nai River, Vietnam's largest internal waterway, flows southeast through Biên Hòa City, Ho Chi Minh City, and villages along its way.
This river plays an important role on supplying fresh water for the whole area.
Đồng Nai lies in the monsoon tropical zone and is affected by the north-east and south-west monsoon.
It is also under the influence of Pacific Ocean tropic atmosphere between April and October.
Climate is divided in two distinct seasons.
The rainy season lasts from March or April to November and the dry season from December to March or April of the following year.
Average temperature is between 23.9 and 29.0 °C, much lower than standard level of the tropical regions (26-30 °C).
Its annual rainfall is quite high with 1,500 - 2,700 mm.
On average, the weather is sunny for 4.0-9.5 hours a day and does not exceed 11.5 hours per day, even on the hottest and sunniest days.
Total rainy days within a year are between 120 and 170 days (standard level of tropical region is 150–160 days) with total rainfall of some 1,500 - 2,750 mm.
The average humidity is around 80 - 82% and humidity in the dry season is 10-12%, lower than that of the rainy season; humidity varies considerably between areas.
Đồng Nai Province's weather with regular sunshine, rain, and high humidity, equally found in the localities, facilitates agricultural production and development of industry and cultural and tourism activities.
Đồng Nai is plentiful with forest resources, granite mines, construction stone, clay, kaolin, pozzolan, sand, gravel, etc.
Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's most populous provinces (ranked fifth) with a population of 2,838,600 in 2014.
Its population has been growing rapidly in recent years, mainly driven by migrant workers coming to the province to work in factories.
Population growth was 1.95% in 2005, between 2.5% from 2008 to 2010 and 3.5% in 2011.
Net migration contributed 2.2% to this figure.
Đồng Nai is second only to Bình Dương Province in both population growth and net migration.
The population of Đồng Nai is primarily the dominant Kinh (Viet) ethnicity, although there are residents of the Chinese, Stieng, Mạ, Nùng, Tay, and Cham minorities.
Đồng Nai has made significant progress in upgrading its transport infrastructure, especially roads.
National highways in the province have a total length of 244.5 km and have been improved and widened up to level 1 and 2 standards (National Highway No 5 and 6) or up to third grade like National Highway No 20 to Đà Lạt.
The total roads system in the province is 3.339 kilometers long, of which almost 700 kilometers are tar roads.
All communes and wards are connected to the road network.
Under scheme in the near future, highways to Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province and Ho Chi Minh City, a railway connecting Biên Hòa to Vũng Tàu, upgraded provincial roads No 726 and connecting national highway No 20 and No 1 with national highway No 51 will create a complete system, promoting socioeconomic development in the province and region.
A new airport, Long Thanh International Airport, is planned for construction in Long Thanh district, Đồng Nai, approximately 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City.
Upon completion, it will handle international flights in place of Tan Son Nhat International Airport, which will serve domestic flights.
Đồng Nai is subdivided into 11 district-level sub-divisions:
They are further subdivided into eight commune-level towns (or townlets), 122 communes, and 40 wards.
Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers and one of the most developed provinces.
Despite its strong focus on industrial development, Đồng Nai still has a substantial agricultural sector.
Agricultural land accounts for 47% of the province's area as of 2011, a total of 277,600ha.
This is lower than in other provinces in the Southeast region, except for Ho Chi Minh City.
Cereals were grown on 118,600ha in 2011, an area that has been decreasing gradually in recent years, from 139,300ha in 2005.
Output of rice has however remained stable and was at 335,200t in 2011.
The province also produced 305,300t of maize, making it the largest producer of maize outside the country's mountainous regions and contributing 6.3% to the national maize output.
Đồng Nai also produced 619,700t of sugar cane (3.5% of the national output), sweet potatoes and cassava.
Đồng Nai is the largest livestock producer among Vietnam's provinces and plans to further invest in the sector.
The government reserved 15,000ha for livestock farming in 2012, mostly for poultry and pigs.
In 2011 there were 1.33 million pigs and 10.655 million poultry.
Despite not being located along the coast, Đồng Nai produced 41,600t of fishery products in 2011.
Over 90% of this was produced in 33,500ha of aquaculture farms.
This makes Đồng Nai the largest aquaculture producer outside the Mekong Delta.
Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers.
It has attracted 9.1% of FDI into Vietnam by 2011, an accumulated US$18.2 billion, the fourth largest after Ho Chi Minh City, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province and Hanoi.
Industrial gross output in 2011 was VND 314 trillion, 10.6% of the national value.
It has received a broad range of FDI projects, including a Bosch auto component plant,
a Toshiba motor plant,
a PepsiCo beverage factory,
a Posco steel plant,
and a Nestlé coffee factory.
As defined by a 2008 World Bank survey, the province is one of the five most polluted in Vietnam.
Manuel José Arce
General Manuel José Arce y Fagoaga (January 1, 1787 in San Salvador – December 14, 1847 in San Salvador) was a decorated General and president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829, followed by Francisco Morazán.
Manuel José Arce was the son of Spaniard Bernardo José de Arce, the Colonial Intendent of the Province of San Salvador from 1800 until 1801, and Antonia Fagoaga.
He was born in what is now El Salvador.
In 1801 he was sent to Guatemala to continue his education.
There he graduated in philosophy from the Colegio de San Francisco Borja.
He began the study of medicine at the Universidad de San Carlos de Borromeo, but it was interrupted because of his father's sickness.
In December 1808, he married Felipa de Aranzamendi y Aguiar in San Salvador.
Arce joined the movement for independence from Spain, joining in the first "Cry for Independence" on November 5, 1811 in San Salvador.
It was led by his uncle, Jose Matias Delgado, the vicar of San Salvador.
The rebels held the government for nearly a month before royal authority was restored from Guatemala.
Arce was also involved in the second uprising that began January 22, 1814.
This cost him four years in prison.
He strongly opposed the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide.
In April 1822 Manuel Arzú, in command of Guatemalan troops supporting Mexico, occupied the cities of Santa Ana, El Salvador, and Sonsonate.
On June 3, 1822, Arzú entered San Salvador, reaching the Plaza Mayor.
Nine hours of fighting resulted in many casualties and burned houses.
Colonel Arce was one of the commanders of the Salvadoran defenders.
Arce was also a member of the resistance towards the movement that was requesting annexation to the United States.
The government of El Salvador had requested annexation to the United States on December 2, 1822.
In October 1823 he left the United States to return to El Salvador.
He stopped in Mexico.
There he tried to raise a force to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule but it failed.
Also in October 1823 he was elected a member of the executive triumvirate of Central America.
He accepted this post on March 15, 1824 on his return to the country, serving until October 20, 1824.
During this time the government succeeded in pacifying Nicaragua, with a minimum of violence.
Presidential elections were held in 1825, and José Cecilio del Valle won the most votes.
The Liberals, however, controlled the federal Congress, and they decided that Valle had not won an absolute majority.
They chose Arce as president.
He served from April 29, 1825 to April 13, 1829.
He soon lost the support of the Liberals in Congress.
After 1826 neither house of the federal Congress met.
Arce obtained some support from the clergy and the Conservative Party, but there were difficulties with the State of Guatemala.
He deposed the Guatemalan state governor, Juan Barrundia, a Liberal, and replaced him.
The Salvadoran state government was angry and rebelled, and a civil war started that lasted from 1826 to 1829.

Before his death he became minister of Honduras, negotiating in Washington, D.C. for annexation to the United States.

Though not a rich man, Barrundia refused his salary for the public positions he held.

He died in New York in 1854 while serving as Honduran minister plenipotentiary.

Guatemalan President Manuel Estrada Cabrera had his remains repatriated in 1913.

Đồng Nai Province

Đồng Nai () is a province in the Southeast region of Vietnam, located east and northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).

The largest city in Đồng Nai is Biên Hòa.

Prior to Vietnamese colonization, the area was dominated by the Funan, Chenla, Khmer empire and subsequent influences until 1627.

The area was known as "Kâmpéâp Srâkatrey" (កំពាប់ [កំពប់] ស្រកាត្រី) in Khmer.

Đồng Nai is situated in southeastern Vietnam and bordered by: Bình Thuận, Lâm Đồng, Bình Dương and Bình Phước, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu, and Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon).

Đồng Nai province has an advanced traffic system with many backbone national roads crossing, such as: National route 1A, national route 20, National route 51, North–South railway lines; Located adjacent to the Saigon Port and Tan Son Nhat International Airport, it offers many advantages to economic activities in the area.

Its location is very important for the development of the Southern economic main hub and a junction of the South Eastern and Tây Nguyên Highland.

Đồng Nai Province is based essentially on the system of lakes, dams and rivers, of which Trị An Lake with 323 km² and over 60 rivers, rivulets and canals are very favorable for the development of a number of aquatic products: raft bred fish and shrimp.

The seasonal tropical forests are protected in Cát Tiên National Park, located on the north of Đồng Nai and the adjacent Vĩnh Cửu Nature Reserve; the former has been recognized internationally as a significant biosphere reserve.

From the mountainous area, Đồng Nai River, Vietnam's largest internal waterway, flows southeast through Biên Hòa City, Ho Chi Minh City, and villages along its way.

This river plays an important role on supplying fresh water for the whole area.

Đồng Nai lies in the monsoon tropical zone and is affected by the north-east and south-west monsoon.

It is also under the influence of Pacific Ocean tropic atmosphere between April and October.

Climate is divided in two distinct seasons.

The rainy season lasts from March or April to November and the dry season from December to March or April of the following year.

Average temperature is between 23.9 and 29.0 °C, much lower than standard level of the tropical regions (26-30 °C).

Its annual rainfall is quite high with 1,500 - 2,700 mm.

On average, the weather is sunny for 4.0-9.5 hours a day and does not exceed 11.5 hours per day, even on the hottest and sunniest days.

Total rainy days within a year are between 120 and 170 days (standard level of tropical region is 150–160 days) with total rainfall of some 1,500 - 2,750 mm.

The average humidity is around 80 - 82% and humidity in the dry season is 10-12%, lower than that of the rainy season; humidity varies considerably between areas.

Đồng Nai Province's weather with regular sunshine, rain, and high humidity, equally found in the localities, facilitates agricultural production and development of industry and cultural and tourism activities.

Đồng Nai is plentiful with forest resources, granite mines, construction stone, clay, kaolin, pozzolan, sand, gravel, etc.

Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's most populous provinces (ranked fifth) with a population of 2,838,600 in 2014.

Its population has been growing rapidly in recent years, mainly driven by migrant workers coming to the province to work in factories.

Population growth was 1.95% in 2005, between 2.5% from 2008 to 2010 and 3.5% in 2011.

Net migration contributed 2.2% to this figure.

Đồng Nai is second only to Bình Dương Province in both population growth and net migration.

The population of Đồng Nai is primarily the dominant Kinh (Viet) ethnicity, although there are residents of the Chinese, Stieng, Mạ, Nùng, Tay, and Cham minorities.

Đồng Nai has made significant progress in upgrading its transport infrastructure, especially roads.

National highways in the province have a total length of 244.5 km and have been improved and widened up to level 1 and 2 standards (National Highway No 5 and 6) or up to third grade like National Highway No 20 to Đà Lạt.

The total roads system in the province is 3.339 kilometers long, of which almost 700 kilometers are tar roads.

All communes and wards are connected to the road network.

Under scheme in the near future, highways to Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province and Ho Chi Minh City, a railway connecting Biên Hòa to Vũng Tàu, upgraded provincial roads No 726 and connecting national highway No 20 and No 1 with national highway No 51 will create a complete system, promoting socioeconomic development in the province and region.

A new airport, Long Thanh International Airport, is planned for construction in Long Thanh district, Đồng Nai, approximately 40 km northeast of Ho Chi Minh City.

Upon completion, it will handle international flights in place of Tan Son Nhat International Airport, which will serve domestic flights.

Đồng Nai is subdivided into 11 district-level sub-divisions:

They are further subdivided into eight commune-level towns (or townlets), 122 communes, and 40 wards.

Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers and one of the most developed provinces.

Despite its strong focus on industrial development, Đồng Nai still has a substantial agricultural sector.

Agricultural land accounts for 47% of the province's area as of 2011, a total of 277,600ha.

This is lower than in other provinces in the Southeast region, except for Ho Chi Minh City.

Cereals were grown on 118,600ha in 2011, an area that has been decreasing gradually in recent years, from 139,300ha in 2005.

Output of rice has however remained stable and was at 335,200t in 2011.

The province also produced 305,300t of maize, making it the largest producer of maize outside the country's mountainous regions and contributing 6.3% to the national maize output.

Đồng Nai also produced 619,700t of sugar cane (3.5% of the national output), sweet potatoes and cassava.

Đồng Nai is the largest livestock producer among Vietnam's provinces and plans to further invest in the sector.

The government reserved 15,000ha for livestock farming in 2012, mostly for poultry and pigs.

In 2011 there were 1.33 million pigs and 10.655 million poultry.

Despite not being located along the coast, Đồng Nai produced 41,600t of fishery products in 2011.

Over 90% of this was produced in 33,500ha of aquaculture farms.

This makes Đồng Nai the largest aquaculture producer outside the Mekong Delta.

Đồng Nai is one of Vietnam's main manufacturing centers.

It has attracted 9.1% of FDI into Vietnam by 2011, an accumulated US$18.2 billion, the fourth largest after Ho Chi Minh City, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province and Hanoi.

Industrial gross output in 2011 was VND 314 trillion, 10.6% of the national value.

It has received a broad range of FDI projects, including a Bosch auto component plant,

a Toshiba motor plant,

a PepsiCo beverage factory,

a Posco steel plant,

and a Nestlé coffee factory.

As defined by a 2008 World Bank survey, the province is one of the five most polluted in Vietnam.

Manuel José Arce

General Manuel José Arce y Fagoaga (January 1, 1787 in San Salvador – December 14, 1847 in San Salvador) was a decorated General and president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1825 to 1829, followed by Francisco Morazán.

Manuel José Arce was the son of Spaniard Bernardo José de Arce, the Colonial Intendent of the Province of San Salvador from 1800 until 1801, and Antonia Fagoaga.

He was born in what is now El Salvador.

In 1801 he was sent to Guatemala to continue his education.

There he graduated in philosophy from the Colegio de San Francisco Borja.

He began the study of medicine at the Universidad de San Carlos de Borromeo, but it was interrupted because of his father's sickness.

In December 1808, he married Felipa de Aranzamendi y Aguiar in San Salvador.

Arce joined the movement for independence from Spain, joining in the first "Cry for Independence" on November 5, 1811 in San Salvador.

It was led by his uncle, Jose Matias Delgado, the vicar of San Salvador.

The rebels held the government for nearly a month before royal authority was restored from Guatemala.

Arce was also involved in the second uprising that began January 22, 1814.

This cost him four years in prison.

He strongly opposed the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide.

In April 1822 Manuel Arzú, in command of Guatemalan troops supporting Mexico, occupied the cities of Santa Ana, El Salvador, and Sonsonate.

On June 3, 1822, Arzú entered San Salvador, reaching the Plaza Mayor.

Nine hours of fighting resulted in many casualties and burned houses.

Colonel Arce was one of the commanders of the Salvadoran defenders.

Arce was also a member of the resistance towards the movement that was requesting annexation to the United States.

The government of El Salvador had requested annexation to the United States on December 2, 1822.

In October 1823 he left the United States to return to El Salvador.

He stopped in Mexico.

There he tried to raise a force to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule but it failed.

Also in October 1823 he was elected a member of the executive triumvirate of Central America.

He accepted this post on March 15, 1824 on his return to the country, serving until October 20, 1824.

During this time the government succeeded in pacifying Nicaragua, with a minimum of violence.

Presidential elections were held in 1825, and José Cecilio del Valle won the most votes.

The Liberals, however, controlled the federal Congress, and they decided that Valle had not won an absolute majority.

They chose Arce as president.

He served from April 29, 1825 to April 13, 1829.

He soon lost the support of the Liberals in Congress.

After 1826 neither house of the federal Congress met.

Arce obtained some support from the clergy and the Conservative Party, but there were difficulties with the State of Guatemala.

He deposed the Guatemalan state governor, Juan Barrundia, a Liberal, and replaced him.

The Salvadoran state government was angry and rebelled, and a civil war started that lasted from 1826 to 1829.