Datasets:
ontocord
/
MixtureVitae-genericsKB

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
text
stringlengths
66
279k
meta
dict
### drug | medication: Psychoactive medication * can treat addictions. * uses in addiction treatment. Psychotropic medication * All psychotropic medications cross the placenta and cause in utero exposure to the developing fetus. * Most psychotropic medications undergo hepatic transformation. * Some psychotropic medications elevate the prolactin level. * can be a beneficial adjunct to positive behavioral intervention. * treatment method favored by many psychiatrists. Several medication * are effective at eliminating tapeworm infections. * can also help people whose eyes bear the brunt of their seasonal allergies - have harmful effects on the gastro-intestinal tract, leading to bleeding * increase resorption of bone calcium, leading to osteoporosis. * interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. * reduce or eliminate the occurrence of fainting episodes. Systemic medication * are sedatives, tranquilizers, and narcotics. * have limited efficacy in treating the disease. Tonic * are herbs which strengthen the body systems. * can, in fact, come in many forms - liquid, powder, encapsulated, tablet or a raw botanical. * is soft drinks. * work best in small amounts over long period of time. Topical medication * are the therapy most widely used for controlling intraocular pressure. * can be comedolytic agents or antibacterial agents and antibiotics. * can be in the form of a cream, gel, lotion, or other solution for the skin - a cream, gel, lotion, or solution * is quite effective in decreasing the sloughing of cells. Various medication * can affect thyroxine levels - also contribute to the problem of impotence - cause stomach ulcers or inflammations - influence metabolism and appetite * cause temporary hair loss. * have different potential interactions - numerous possible side effects
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug: Mifepristone * also blocks progesterone receptors, which are necessary for pregnancy - exhibits antiglucocorticoid and weak antiandrogenic activity - keeps fibroid tumors from growing in the same way * are drugs. * binds to the progesterone receptor and blocks the action. * blocks a hormone that is needed to continue pregnancy. * blocks the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary to sustain pregnancy - hormone that helps some cancers grow - hormone that is needed to sustain a pregnancy * blocks the action of progesterone, vital for an embryo to develop - for an unborn child to develop * blocks the action of progesterone, which is necessary to sustain a pregnancy * blocks the hormone progesterone and causes the embryo to detach from the lining - stops the pregnancy - that's needed for a pregnancy to continue * can both prevent implantation and terminate a pregnancy after implantation. * causes menstruation by blocking the action of progesterone. - which blocks the action of the natural hormone progesterone * gives women greater control over the termination of their pregnancies. * has many potential uses beyond pregnancy termination - medical benefits unrelated to abortion * inhibits the activity of progesterone, which is required for continuation of pregnancy. * is an anti-Progesterone drug that stops the early pregnancy from growing - anti-progestin, which blocks the progesterone hormone receptors - approved as an early option for nonsurgical abortion in Sweden * is approved for use in Sweden - early abortions in France, Sweden, Great Britain and China - more studied than nearly any drug in history - taken in the form of a pill * is used in combination with a prostaglandin called misoprostol - to treat brain tumors, fibroids, and breast cancer * non-invasive therapy. * offers women a safe, private method of terminating an early pregnancy. * pill that the woman swallows. * sensitizes the myometrium to the contraction-inducing effects of prostaglandins. * steroid hormone similar in structure to the natural hormone progesterone. * stops a fertilized egg from attaching itself to the lining of the uterus. * works by blocking the action of the natural hormone, progesterone - female hormone progesterone - causing the embryo to detach from the uterine lining Modern drug * Many modern drugs are the purified form of chemicals present in traditional medicines. * continue to be developed for treating various types of seizures. * have minimal or no organ toxicity. Muscle relaxant * Some muscle relaxants are mixed with caffeine or codeine and can be addictive. * are medicine - predominantly central or peripheral acting * used as anaesthetic can cause hyperthermia.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | muscle relaxant: Benzodiazepine * All benzodiazepines appear to have amnesic side effects. * Many benzodiazepines distribute into breast milk. * Most benzodiazepines have sedative and hypnotic properties, but only five are marketed as hypnotics. * Some benzodiazepines can, however, make patients more depressed. * are a central nervous system depressant, like alcohol. * are a class of drugs which are primarily used to treat anxiety and insomnia - medications which decrease anxiety - psychoactive drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia * are a group of drugs called minor tranquillisers, often known as benzos - medications used to treat anxiety, nervousness, or tension - major problem - addictive to both the mother and the baby - also central nervous system depressants - among the best-know and most widely prescribed drugs in the world - another class of drugs used to treat anxiety symptoms - anxiolytic drugs and, used longer-term, can elicit anxiolysis without sedation - depressants and often cause daytime drowsiness * are effective and are commonly used - in treating anxiety and sleep disorders - fully capable of inducing both physical and psychological dependence - generally more effective for alcohol withdrawal symptoms - helpful in the treatment of insomnia * are one of the more common classes of medication used - most frequently prescribed medications in the world - only effective during acute anxiety attacks - particularly useful to suppress motor restlessness and mental distress - potent muscle relaxers - potentially dangerous when used in combination with alcohol * are relatively fast-acting drugs - free of serious side effects if used carefully for a limited time - sedatives that cause dose-related depression of the central nervous system - the mainstay of therapy * are the most commonly prescribed drugs in Britain - prescribed psychotropic drugs - used drugs for improving sleep and reducing anxiety and stress * are the most widely prescribed drugs throughout the world - psychoactive drugs in the world - tranquilizers and sleep-inducing medications - useful in treating three of the following four * are very addictive - safe drugs if used sensibly * belong to a group of medicines that slow down the central nervous system. * can be beneficial - blunt perception, confuse thought, and cause amnesia - help to relieve anxiety in the short term - produce withdrawal symptoms in new-born babies * cause rapid relaxation. * come in tablet, capsule and injectable liquid forms. * decrease daytime anxiety and reduce insomnia. * differ from each other in duration of action and pharmacokinetics. * have a low therapeutic index, low abuse liability, and few drug interactions - relatively quite high therapeutic index - an anti-anxiety effect in low doses and a hypnotic effect in high doses - depressant effects on the amydala or hippocampus - few side effects - less addictive potential than other hypnotics - no place in irritability * have the advantage of causing amnesia especially midazolam - potential of causing psychological and physical dependence * increase risk of road-traffic accidents. * possess anticonvulsant activity in addition to their anxiolytic action. * produce amnesia without causing loss of consciousness * reduce spasticity through their action on the central nervous system. * relieve anxiety, reduce restlessness, and relax muscles. * slow down the nervous system, which results in a more relaxed, calm feeling. * take effect fairly quickly, starting to work within an hour after they are taken. + Alcoholism, Detoxification: Diseases :: Psychology * Treatment of alcoholism takes several steps. Direct withdrawal leads to medical problems. For this reason, the process of withdrawal needs to be controlled carefully. Sometimes, people with alcoholism also have other addictions. Benzodiazepines are addictive. If the person is addicted to both alcohol, and benzodiazepines, this step gets more complicated. After detoxification, other support such as group therapy or self-help groups are used to help the person remain sober. Behavioural scientists explain that addicts have a behaviour pattern that may lead to destructive consequences for themselves, their families and society. This does not label addicts as bad or irresponsible. Compared with men, women are more sensitive to alcohol's harmful physical, cerebral, and mental effects. + Clonazepam: Drugs * Clonazepam' is an anticonvulsant. It is also used against states of fear, it is an anxiolytic. It is a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are very addictive. Clonazepan is used to treat certain forms of epilepsy. It is also used to treat certain disorders of the sleep, such as sleepwalking. In certain cases it is used as an off-label drug in psychiatry.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug: Narcotic * All narcotics are illegal in Indonesia. * Most narcotics are highly addictive, and regular use results in severe physical dependence. * Some narcotics also help control coughing and diarrhea - come from the resin that is extracted from the seed of the Asian poppy * act centrally, meaning that it acts directly on the brain and spinal cord - on the central nervous system to block pain, including migraine pain * also contribute to chronic fatigue - produce mood changes, unconsciousness, or deep sleep * are a group of drugs that numb, soothe or cause a dream-like state - opium based pain relievers - series of drugs that affect the mind, causing mental changes - addictive substances - analgesic - clearly more addicting than marijuana - dangerous * are drugs made from the opium poppy and include the following - that produce a change in response to sensations * are drugs that relieve pain and cause drowsiness or sleep - often induce sleep - excellent pain relievers and create a feeling of euphoria and a sense of well being - extremely addictive - fairly short acting, offering two to four hours of pain relief - habit-forming - pain-relieving drugs that act on the central nervous system - painkillers or analgesics - potentially addictive - powerful pain-relieving medications derived from opium or synthetic opium - the most physically addictive drugs * can affect a person's balance and increase the chance of falling - also blur judgement and cause serious drowsiness * can cause intestinal blockage or mask a severe abdominal condition - nausea , constipation and allergic reactions - sedation for a few days - severe constipation - decrease pain in active labor - have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, itching, or slowed breathing * cause constipation in most people - funny symptoms in some people * come in various shapes and sizes. * cross the placenta rapidly. * depress the respiratory system. * directly affect the pain receptors in the central nervous system. * enhance our understanding of the nature of media power. * frequently cause loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting. * go throughout the body. * have a high potential for abuse. * kill sensitivity to pain and reduce unwanted feelings of anger, irritability, and anxiety. * mimic the effects of melatonin. * often cause drowsiness or dizziness. * produce their effects by uniting with specific opioid receptors in the brain - varying degrees of constipation, suggesting a dose-related phenomenon * relieve pain and induce sleep - but the strength and length of pain relief differs for each drug * relieve pain by acting as a numbing anesthetic to the central nervous system - scrambling messages in the spinal cord * suppress everyone's drive to breathe. * tend to increase intracranial pressure. Narcotic drug * are drugs that act like morphine - extremely useful in medicine, but they also have dangerous effects * rent the fabrics of societies and have caused untold sufferings to millions. * work on pain receptors on nerve cells to relieve pain. ### drug | narcotic: Illegal narcotic * Most illegal narcotics consumed in the United States come from abroad. * are Colombia's third largest export.<|endoftext|>### drug | narcotic: Meperidine * appears in the milk of nursing mothers receiving the drug - to block the neuronal reuptake of serotonin * can be habit-forming - produce side effects including dysphoria, confusion and hallucinations * is considered a second-line agent for the treatment of acute pain - distributed widely, and it crosses the placenta and distributes into breast milk - less effective orally than on parenteral administration - metabolized to an active metabolite normeperidine - primarily a kappa-opiate receptor agonist and also has local anesthetic effects - very problematic when used chronically * widely prescribed opioid analgesic used in a variety of clinical situations.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | narcotic: Opiate * All opiates are addictive and build a tolerance in the body - have a wide range of effects on the mind and body * Some opiates are natural, and some are synthetic - come from a resin taken from the seed pod of the Asian poppy * Takes the form of brown chunks or powder. * act on the respiratory center of the brain and reduce hunger, thirst, pain, and sex - same receptors as endorphins * affect receptors located in the spinal cord and brain. * also cause delirium as they are known to reduce acetylcholine and increase dopamine. * also inhibit brain centers controlling coughing, breathing, and intestinal motility - sensitivity to the impulse to cough - modulate the endocrine and immune systems * are a class of drugs including morphine, heroin and opium - type of drug extracted from the pod of the Asian poppy - addictive or habit forming - analgesics with strong narcotic action, they cause sedation and loss of consciousness - any of the addictive narcotic drugs - central nervous system depressants which are used medically to relieve pain - exceedingly addictive, quickly producing tolerance and dependence - extremely addicting, both physically and psychologically - harmful to a developing fetus - narcotic analgesics derived from the opium poppy * are the classic psychoactive drug addiction - natural or synthetic drugs that have a morphine-like pharmacological action - religion of the people * are very addictive, both physically and psychologically - effective if taken regularly and at correct dosage * can act on the brainstem to stop coughing or slow breathing - both relieve pain and promote itching * can cause drowsiness and constipation - drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and unpleasant mood changes in some people - nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, and confusion - respiratory depression, along with a decrease of air exchange in the body - come in the form of powder, pills, or solutions - either cause or magnify autistic symptoms - reduce attention, sensory and motor abilities - slow someones breathing down, or even stop it * effect the digestive system by inhibiting intestinal peristalsis. * enter Iran from Afghanistan and Pakistan. * exert their main effects on the brain and spinal cord. * form the basis for many useful painkillers, but can be very addictive. * have almost no effect - an immensely addictive potency * including morphine are ineffective against pain resulting from that condition. * increase plasma catecholamines in humans. * inhibit neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus - the release of vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon * mediate pain in the spinal cord. * see widespread use as a pain killer for injured soldiers during the Civil War. * shorten the human life span by both physical and mental aging. * suppress physical sensation and response to stimulation. * take their name from the opium poppy. * work on receptors in the brain and in the nerves to block the pain. ### drug | narcotic | opiate: Apomorphine * affects chemicals in the brain region associated with initiating erections. * is opiate Recreational drug * All recreational drugs affect sleep. * Some recreational drugs cause dilated pupils as well. * are a major cause of erection problems - also part of the widespread reckless behavior by young gay men - narcotics - the biggest deterrent to safe sex - used by people for pleasure e.g heroin * can also affect the virus directly - weaken the immune system Soft drug * Most soft drugs are already legal, mainly alcohol and tobacco. * are drugs of abuse * cause less addiction, though ciggarettes cause a lot. * street drug ### drug | narcotic | soft drug: Hash * are different to arrays in that they are an unordered list, as opposed to an ordered list. * is dishs
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug: New drug * Many new drugs have fewer side effects than old ones. * Some new drugs prevent leukotrienes from transmitting signals that trigger inflammation. * are usually better than old drugs for people and for the health care system. * can cure mice, thanks to advances in understanding the disease's basic biology - help many patients avoid hospitalization or shorten their hospital stays - improve the way people think in the early stages of the illness - stop a heart attack, or prevent a second, fatal attack - virtually clear the bloodstream of virus * mean that people live longer. Oral drug * are usually the first type of medication prescribed for spasticity. * can dissolve gallstones, but they take a year or two to do it. Party drug * Some party drugs can affect our sleep cycle, so take time to recover well - damage the brain * can only create additonal relationship stress. Pentoxifylline * attenuates reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle following partial ischemia. * inhibits mediator synthesis in an equine in vitro whole blood model of endotoxemia. Pharmaceutical drug * Every pharmaceutical drug has side effects. * Many pharmaceutical drugs contain lactose as a filler. * have an inelastic demand, and computers have an elastic demand. Procaine * accompanies antibiotics used to treat sick cattle. * are drugs. * is an excellent anesthetic widely used by dentists but it has no anti-aging effect. * lacks topical anesthetic activity. Psychiatric drug * All psychiatric drugs act on the brain and alter it. * Many psychiatric drugs can cause dry mouth, known medically as xerostomia. * Most psychiatric drugs are far more dangerous to take than people realize - unable to be abused * Some psychiatric drugs do help children, but school and family are crucial, too. * can sometimes cause the opposite effect from what they are supposed to. * have a strange effect.<|endoftext|>### drug: Psychoactive drug * All psychoactive drugs are illegal. * Many psychoactive drugs have affinities for specific brain regions - the potential for altering the development of the nervous system * Most psychoactive drugs act by binding to a receptor in the brain. * Some psychoactive drugs are illegal, such as cannabis and cocaine. * alter neurotransmitters in the brain. - medicine - the ones that do make it into brain - toxic substances * can impair the judgment of time. * constitute one of the most frequently prescribed class of medicines. * contain chemicals which alter the function of the brain. * produce their effects by altering the neurotransmitters.<|endoftext|>### drug | psychoactive drug: Designer drug * are copies of controlled substances and are produced by bootleg chemists - illegally manufactured modifications of prescription drugs, often stimulants - illicit variations of other drugs - laboratory-made versions of already existing drugs - most often addictive and create a euphoric, intoxicated state for the user - various kinds of street drugs that are developed in illegal laboratories * derived from fentanyl are extremely potent and have a strong potential for overdose. * have no accepted medical purpose. * mimic an already illegal drug by slightly altering the chemical composition. * speeds up the heart rate and and distorts reality.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | psychoactive drug: Hallucinogen * All hallucinogens are chemically related to serotonin - produce unpredictable, negative effects * Many hallucinogens are alkaloids, which means that they synthesized using metallic salts - in the form of a white powder * Most hallucinogens inhibit serotonin neurons in the brain stem. * Some hallucinogens also produce rapid, intense emotional swings - come from natural sources, such as mescaline from the peyote cactus * are a group of drugs that affect the central nervous system - alkaloids, which means that they are derived from plants - drugs that distort the perception of reality and feelings - illegal to buy, sell, or possess - man made, or grown naturally - particularly dangerous because the effects are so unpredictable * are psychoactive chemicals that change perception - drugs known for altering time and space perception * cause cross-tolerance. * change the way a person feels time, making it seem to slow down - people see, hear, feel or think * have a profound effect on the mind by altering sensations and emotions - no prescribed medical use and are made and sold illegally - powerful mind-altering effects * impair the users' visual perceptions as well as perception of time and space. * interrupt the brain's messages that control the intellect and keep instincts in check. * occur naturally in primarily two forms, peyote cactus and psilocybin mushrooms. * stimulate a shift in the perception of reality. + Illegal drugs, Types of psychoactive drugs and their effects, Hallucinogens * Hallucinogens change the way people see, hear, feel or think. Each group has different effects. They may cause hallucinations, when a person imagines something that is not really there. Hallucinogenic drug * affect it. * continue to appear in area reports involving primarily younger users. * have delusions and modifications of perception as their dominant effect. Mescaline * comes from a cactus called peyote - the peyote plant which is in no way related to the agave * is drugs * runs throu the veins. Peyote * are cactuses * grows in clusters which resemble the shape of a deer - well anywhere if it is kept out of direct sunlight * looks like a cactus and grows wild in the desert.<|endoftext|>### drug | psychoactive drug: Psilocybin * are chemical compounds - hallucinogens * changes certain things in the brain. * comes from certain mushrooms. + Psychedelic mushroom: Fungi :: Drugs * Psilocybin mushrooms', also known as 'Psychedelic mushrooms', contain the alkaloid psilocybin and other related tryptamine derivatives. Psilocybin changes certain things in the brain. This leads to the nerve cells giving more signals - generally translated to a different consciousness. This can lead to effects like hallucinations or visions. They can also be used for medical purposes to treat cluster headaches, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and certain kinds of depression. Psychoactive substance * change the consciousness and mood of their user. + Psychoactive drug: Drugs * Psychoactive substances change the consciousness and mood of their user. It will get more difficult to interrupt the cycle of abuse. However, the reverse is also true in some cases, that is certain experiences on drugs may be so unfriendly and uncomforting that the user may never want to try the substance again. Psychotropic drug * affect the progress and outcome of therapy. * are very powerful and can have numerous good effects. * do change the normal functioning of the brain. * heighten body temperature. Rape drug * are a national concern. * are very powerful sedatives with no taste or odor when dissolved in liquid - strong sedatives * have the power to make one drink feel like six.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug: Several drug * are effective in temporarily relieving pain associated with endometriosis. * can be myotoxic both alone and in combination with other drugs. * can cause abnormalities in the unborn child - increased urinary loss of magnesium - increase the effect of phenobarbital * can prevent heartworm infection - motion sickness, but none works every time - slow down or speed up the action of liver enzymes Sildenafil * are drugs. * works along with sexual stimulation to help achieve an erection. Specific drug * can damage specific organs, depending on the drug. * inhibit the synthesis of the yeast equivalent to cholesterol. Stimulant drug * Some stimulant drugs can improve a child's ability to concentrate. * are exceedingly dangerous to both physical and mental health. Street drug * Many street drugs contain other substances and unknown amounts of the drug. * Some street drugs contain little or none of the ingredients for which they are advertised - interact with medications * can cause damage to the liver or kidneys - contain other unwanted or dangerous chemicals causing illness or death<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug: Depressant * Included are barbituates, methaqualone, and tranquilizers. * Most depressants are addictive, produce psychological and physical dependence - rapidly produce an extreme tolerance * Some depressants act very quickly, and begin to affect their user within seconds. * act as stimulants during episodes. * are drugs that cause sedation by depressing the central nervous system - which slow down the central nervous system - medicine - sedatives that act on the nervous system - substances that cause the body functions to slow down * can be both physically and psychologically addictive. * combined with alcohol can be lethal. * have various modes of action and effects. * is medicine * produce rapid tolerance - relaxed, calm feelings * relax muscles and make people feel sleepy or like their head is stuffed - muscles, reduce the heart rate, slow breathing, and lower blood pressure * slow down neural function, and stimulants speed it up - the activities of the central nervous system - the vital functions of the body, such as heart rate and blood pressure + Illegal drugs, Types of psychoactive drugs and their effects, Depressants/Downers * Depressants are drugs which slow down the central nervous system. People using depressants may feel happy and content, as well as sleepy and relaxed. ### drug | street drug | depressant: Anti depressant * can cause a dry mouth, headaches, feeling sick, and loss of appetite. * work differently to the benzos and they can take up to six weeks to work.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | street drug | downer: Barbiturate * All barbiturates exhibit anticonvulsant activity in anesthetic doses. * Can come in the form of pills, capsules and syrups. * Some barbiturates are addictive, producing strong withdrawal symptoms when discontinued - potent anticonvulsants * also have a depressing effect on respiration and heart rate. * are addictive substances - highly physically and psychologically addicting - less commonly prescribed medications used to treat anxiety and insomnia - medications, including pentobarbital, that are used to treat insomnia or seizures - potent respiratory depressants - prescription drugs - salt - similar - synthetic drugs which depress the central nervous system - the most commonly used agents - water-soluble, and can be taken orally, intravenously or in suppository form * can also cause excitement, pain, and allergic reactions - be effective but present high risks for addiction and accidental overdose - lead to excessive sedation and cause anesthesia, coma and even death * have little analgesic action at subanesthetic doses. * have the advantage of producing inebriation without the obvious odour of alcohol - highest morbidity and mortality of the sedative-hypnotics * inhibit oral contraceptives. * slow down the central nervous system and cause tranquilizing or antiseizure effects. * stimulate the body's production of the metabolic enzymes which inactivate the drug.<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug | downer | barbiturate: Phenobarbital * affects the metabolism of phenytoin and succinimides. * decreases verapamil concentrations. * induces the metabolism of warfarin, which decreases warfarin's effect. * is anticonvulsant - by far the most commonly used agent - drugs - in a class of drugs called barbiturates - one such barbiturate * metabolite of primidone and mephobarbital. * provides a sedative action on the nerves within the brain. * reduces the plama concentration of verapamil and nifedipine. * remains the drug of choice. * safe and effective medication for reducing the frequency of seizures.<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug | downer | barbiturate: Yellow jacket * are a small variety of hornet - active from spring until late fall * are aggressive bees attracted to bright colors, sweet smells and meat - when threatened - attracted to the rotting fruit, so remove it promptly * are black and bright yellow - with yellow markings, and are found in various climates - easily distinguishable by their yellow and black coloring - fierce and the insect most likely to sting - hornets - in fact important predators of pest insects - sleek, yellow and black insects that fly extremely well - small wasps with distinct yellow and black markings - social insects - the most aggressive of the stinging insects * become a nuisance in late summer or early fall. * build nests consisting of a series of combs surrounded by a paperlike covering. * cause more moderate and also more severe reactions than bees or wasps. * lack the dense body hairs that are found on carpenter bees and honey bees. * make their nests of paper. * name applied to a number of species that have extensive yellow markings. * nest in the ground and hornets in trees and bushes - like to visit areas where fresh food or waste is available Chloral hydrate * are chemical compounds * has a narrow therapeutic range. * hypnotic, long-established for insomnia. * is metabolized into trichloroethanol, which in turn produces sleep and anesthesia. Ethchlorvynol * has the potential for the development of physical and psychological dependence. * is metabolized primarily in the liver. * produces less initial excitement than do the barbiturates.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | street drug | downer: Tranquilizer * Help when internal psychological struggles turn outward. * also help some pets who have trouble traveling. * are drugs that slow down the nervous system - one type of depressants * can be addictive to the baby and the mother - useful in some situations - cause insomnia - lessen agitation and motion sickness in pets traveling by car - reduce fears and sleeplessness during stressful times * cause dependence and tolerance. * disrupt the psycho-motor, intellectual, and perceptual functions. * generally intensify fatigue. * have their uses. * make horses unsteady. * relax sympathetic nerv. * tend to raise or lower respiration, occasionally with disastrous effect. ### drug | street drug | downer | tranquilizer: Antianxiety drug * are a multibillion-dollar business. * is tranquilizer Antipsychotic * Most antipsychotics have long half-lives. * are available either as tablets or as long-acting injections - drugs which balance people's moods or stop hallucinations * can have bad side effects such as sedation, tremors and seizures. * work by blocking the transmission of dopamine. + Illegal drugs, Types of psychoactive drugs and their effects, Anti-psychotics Antipsychotic agent * cause an increase in the metabolic turnover of catecholamines. * is tranquilizer<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug | downer | tranquilizer: Antipsychotic drug * Many antipsychotic drugs make patients nauseous. * Most antipsychotic drugs produce strong side effects, such as uncontrollable limb movements. * act primarily at receptors. * are the most regulated group - standard treatment for delusional infestation * can often significantly alleviate hallucinations and other abnormal behaviors - take between one and three months to take effect * have a specific antimanic effect even if overt psychotic symptoms are absent. * help to control almost all the positive symptoms of the disorder. ### drug | street drug | downer | tranquilizer | antipsychotic: Conventional antipsychotic * block primarily dopamine receptors. * seem to primarily affect only dopamine. Anxiolytic * allow the clinician to administer a smaller analgesic dose to achieve the same effect. * are medicine. * reduce pain-related anxiety, help relax muscles and can help a person cope with pain.<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug | downer | tranquilizer: Hydroxyzine * appears to be an effective alternative treatment to benzodiazepine prescription. * can be effective - decrease itching, but also can cause significant drowsiness * inhibits neurogenic bladder mast cell activation. * is an antihistamine that suppressed activity in subcortical regions of the brain - especially effective for the treatment of cholinergic urticaria - one of the most effective but often causes drowsiness - prescription only * member of the piperazine class of antihistamines.<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug | downer | tranquilizer: Neuroleptic * also are extremely helpful for treating mania. * are a class of drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders - dopamine ant agonist * are the drugs of choice for treating the symptoms of schizophrenia - most effective drugs in the treatment of chorea * can feel like torture for many people - have adverse side effects related to many organs and systems in the body * have a consistent modest effect in agitated patients - modest, but broad therapeutic effect on symptoms in all domains - low abuse potential * help some people but in some they cause death. * induce peptidases and diet of course reduces the peptide load. * make the patient calm. + Antipsychotic: Drugs used in psychiatry * The name 'neuroleptic' was introduced in 1955, from the 1990s, the term 'antipsychotic' is used more frequently. Neuroleptics make the patient calm. Today, they are mostly used for the treatment of psychosis, as it occurs in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They can also be used to treat depression and mood swings.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | street drug | downer | tranquilizer | neuroleptic: Chlorpromazine * attenuates the pulmonary vascular response to alveolar hypoxia in piglets. * diminishes the effect of oral anticoagulants. * is effective but has serious side effects. * modulates the morphological macro- and microstructure of endothelial cells. Clozapine * are benzodiazepines - drugs * can cause some very serious blood problems - lower the white blood cell count * is VERY expensive. * is in a class of medications called atypical antipsychotics - wide use around the country * passes into breast milk. * poses a unique risk. Prochlorperazine * are antiemetic. * increases the sedative and intoxicating effect of alcohol. * is an antiemetic drug - available in a buccal formulation - effective in relieving headache in addition to nausea Perphenazine * are drugs - phenothiazines - piperazines * is an antipsychotic agent used for anxiety and agitation - in a class of drugs called phenothiazines - used to treat psychotic disorders and nausea and vomiting Gateway drug * are drugs of abuse - that are legal for adults and usually lead to the use of illegal drugs - the substances people tend to try first when they start using drugs * break down a psychological barrier against doing other drugs. * street drug<|endoftext|>### drug | street drug: Sedative * affect the patients level of consciousness, respiratory effort and other vital signs. * causes a desire to sleep. * commonly function to induce reversible depression of the central nervous system. * create an intent to rest rather than dream. * give the same effect. * help but can be insufficient as many dogs can resist the effects when very excited. * is drugs of abuse - medicine * make people feel less anxious and more relaxed. * reduce an animal's body's ability to cope with changes in the environment. + Intoxication, Symptoms: Health :: Physiology * Often taking a mild depressant or stimulant does not have much effect on the person who took it. But more serious drugs, substances, or even medications can have a large effect on the person. Usually stimulants keep the person awake and energetic. Sedatives give the same effect. More of these substances can carry harm or even life-threatening effects, if ingested in large amounts. Sedative drug * All sedative drugs increase the effects of hypoxia. * are also hazardous. * is medicine ### drug | street drug | sedative: Whole plant * Most whole plants possess properties. * Some whole plants affect future growth * develop from the somatic embryos and only require growth to maturity. * have taste. Synergist * are chemicals that enhance the performance of other drugs - used to enhance the effects of the other ingredients in the medication * work by restricting an enzyme that insects use to detoxify the pyrethrins. Synthetic drug * act differently in the body. * seem to have reached unprecedented levels of popularity and abuse. Tetracaine * inhibits initiation and conduction of nerve impulses at the site of application. * potent amino ester. Therapeutic drug * Many therapeutic drugs exert their effects by binding to receptor proteins in cell membranes. * can prove lethal when given in too high a dose or in too frequent a course.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug: Tobacco * 'dirtier' drug in many ways than narcotics or cannabis. * All tobacco can cause cancer - contains nicotine-which is very addictive * Most tobacco causes cancer - lung cancer * Most tobacco consumed in Indonesia is in the form of cigarettes - is in the form of manufactured cigarettes - grown in NC is used to make domestic cigarettes - produces smoke * Much tobacco is consumed in the country of production. * Some tobacco comes across state lines in cars or trucks. * Use in the United States. * accounts for nearly one third of the country's total foreign currency income. * acts both as a stimulant and a depressant. * addicts millions and causes hundred of thousands of premature deaths each year. * affects all members' retirement benefits. * already has a small amount of naturally occurring lysozymes. * also affects nonsmokers adversely - burdens our health systems * also causes excess morbidity - oral cancer - premature aging, especially in women * also contains nicotine - the drug that makes smoking addictive - poisonous substances, including arsenic * also contributes to higher rates of low birthweight and infant deaths - the development of bladder cancer - damages blood vessels, promoting strokes, blindness and gangrene of the legs - has an economic significance to many tribal communities because of smoke shops - increases the risk to young people * also is linked to heart problems, respiratory disease and urinary problems - overwintered occasionally in greenhouses further north - kills four million people a year in the world - presents the same underage-sales problem as alcohol - stimulates acid production and weakens the stomach lining * assaults the body with literally hundreds of toxic substances. * begins being commercially grown. * burns upward naturally. * can act as both a stimulant and a depressant - actually stain the skin and nails, as well as the teeth * can also become cross pollinated by wind although at a much lesser degree than by insects - impact nonsmokers - be lethal to a child - cause cancer and heart disease, and tobacco smoke factor in lung disease - contribute to circulatory problems, and alcohol to neuropathy - lead to physical and psychological dependence - transmit a lethal virus to tomatoes - trigger changes to cells * carries a particularly heavy burden of taxation. * cash cow for both the federal and the state governments. * cause of many types on cancer, including lung, mouth, and esophageal cancer - including lung, mouth, colon, and esophageal cancer * causes a desire to spit - by far the largest number of preventable deaths in the United States - even more deaths by diseases other than cancer - illness and death - increasingly stiff and narrow arteries that precipitate a heart attack * causes more cancer than all other known carcinogens combined - deaths than all other forms of substance abuse combined * causes one fifth of all deaths due to cardiovascular diseases - in three cancers deaths world-wide - of every five deaths in the U.S. and is the leading cause of death - six per cent of all deaths in the world and the toll is increasing rapidly - spontaneous abortion, prematurity and low birth weight - the small and large blood vessels to constrict which adds stress to the heart * classic mind-altering drug impacting behavior. * comes from a plant and contains the stimulant drug, nicotine. * communicable disease. * communicated disease communicated through marketing. * constricts blood vessels, reducing the blood supply to the eye. * contains a drug called nicotine - highly addictive drug called nicotine - poison called nicotine - an addictive drug, nicotine * contains harmful substances such as nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar - that cause cancer and other health effects - many carcinogens that promote cell mutation and growth * contains nicotine and other alkaloids - which is both a stimulant and a sedative to the central nervous system - nicotine, a drug that is addictive * contains nicotine, an addictive drug - substance that makes smoking difficult to give up * contains nicotine, which is an addictive drug - habit forming * contains the drug nicotine, which central nervous system stimulant - stimulant drug nicotine, which increases pulse rate and blood pressure * continues to be an important industry for the country - ritual plant in many places - marketed aggressively to children, particularly in developing countries - sentence more kids to premature death than either cars or guns * contributes to cancers of the pancreas, cervix and bladder. * curing experiments include computerized monitoring and control of humidity and temperature. * currently kills four million people per year. * damages the heart muscles. * deadens the sense of taste. * decreases absorption - the absorption of folic acid * delivery device for nicotine. * does seem to facilitate the performance of monotonous or otherwise disagreeable tasks. * fast-growing crop that needs surprisingly little moisture to thrive. * gateway drug because it usually precedes marijuana - drug, leading to use of marijuana, cocaine and other dangerous substances * gets moist before a rain. * gives rise to cancer. * global problem by virtue of global marketing and cultural development. * god given plant, with many uses. * has disadvantage. * health risk to unborn babies of mothers who smoke. * high labor crop, it has to be cut by hand and dried. * highly addictive substance in any form. * holds sway over the soul as much as it does the body. * hurts an athlete s strength, endurance and ability. * includes cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, and more. * increases acid production and damages the lining of the stomach - concentration, inhibits appetite and provides a stimulant effect - the risk of chilblain, as it constricts the blood vessels * is California's number one cause of death - Virginia's leading cash crop - Zimbabwe's biggest agricultural export, and tourism was a growing industry - accredited with an addiction propensity comparable to high grade narcotics - actually more deadly than alcohol * is addictive and produces marked physical and mental effects - physiologically and psychologically and is reinforced socially - advertised in sports events, in discos, at pop concerts * is also a gateway drug for teenagers - member of the nightshade family that can aggravate arthritis * is also an effective antihelmintic - intoxicant - unnecessary and expensive drain on the world's financial resources - dependent on the weather - extremely addictive - responsible for the death of many people from cigarette related fires each year - vastly important to the indigenous population of the Americas * is an active cause of stomach diseases - addicting drug * is an addictive drug - as addictive as heroin - enormous problem across the world - extremely hardy plant - important cause of deforestation * is an important crop for Georgia - in some places - worldwide - indigenous American plant - another Native American contribution to agriculture, though it isn t a food source * is associated with at least eight different cancer sites from mouth to bladder - birth abnormalities * is both a health and an economic problem - toxic and addictive * is by far the biggest killer among all the psychoactives - deadliest drug that humans have ever voluntarily consumed - cheap to produce and process - considered a controlled substance for minors * is considered a sacred herb by many tribes - part of many American Indian religious ceremonies - cultivated in England - cured and marketed, and corn is harvested - dangerous in all forms - especially sensitive to chlorine as it reduces the burning quality of the leaf - established as the major industry in North America - even a health risk to unborn babies of mothers who smoke - felt to be responsible for up to a third of all cancers - fired using hardwood planks and sawdust - first and foremost a social problem, and a problem of how society views tobacco - graded by leaf type and quality * is grown for cigarette factories - from seeds in beds and greenhouses - in southern Indiana * is grown in the Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea Regions - lowland regions, with the surplus being exported - mostly in Italy, Greece and Spain, often in poor, underdeveloped regions - harmful only when smoked - heavily fertilized and, of course, the hog wastes are a rich source of nutrients - herbs * is highly addictive, with addictive behaviors that are very hard to change - important to the economy in terms of growth and development * is in great demand in England where many people believe smoking it promotes good health - the same family as the tomato - introduced as a new cash crop and as a result, labor and land become exploitative - just one world health problem that requires a world health solution - known as the herb of peace as it banishes boredom and aggressiveness from the mind * is linked to numerous cancers as well - serious health concerns such as heart disease, stroke, lung disease and cancer * is made from the dried leaves of the tobacco plant - into cigars by hand - native to the Americas * is now a leading killer of America and European women - the common denominator for virtually every social investment fund - often a stepping stone to heavier drugs in such people with 'addictive personalities' * is often the first drug used by kids who use alcohol and illegal drugs like marijuana - by teens who go on to use alcohol, marijuana, or harder drugs - by young people who use alcohol and illegal drugs - by young people who use alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs - place where it starts - one of our largest, agricultural cash crops * is one of the biggest killer drugs in human history - drugs found in the drug education playing and trading cards - healthiest substances for the body * is one of the leading causes of prenatal problems - preventable causes of death in the United States * is one of the main crops grown on our farms - reasons that small farmers are able to stay in business - most addictive substances known to man * is one of the most heavily advertised products in America - subsidized products - labor intensive crops grown in the state - taxed products in the history of mankind - traditional crops which flourishes in the Macedonian climate - worst and hardest to quit * is only a dope and increases the work of the heart - an issue for affluent people and affluent countries * is part of cigarettes - the United States' commerce - pervasive - planted in early spring and harvested in summer just before it begins to flower - poisonous when eaten * is responsible for nearly one in every five deaths in the United States - the whole ball of wax in the North - seen as a healing agent as well - semi-dried slowly, allowing for chemical changes, and is never dried to a crisp * is smoked in one of the three basic ways - pipes or in cigarettes or bidis * is still a major crop, and dairy farms are plentiful * is still legal and it causes thousands of deaths each year - stressed by hot, dry conditions - subject to infestation by many different bugs and diseases * is the biggest cash crop in the rural areas - cause of more health problems and early deaths than all illegal drugs - chief cause of lung cancer and many oral cancers - country's key export commodity - crop that been provided such preferential treatment by the government - deadliest drug in the world - dried and cured leaves of the tobacco plant - drug that kids are most likely to use - easiest plant to genetically engineer - fourth largest income producing row crop in Georgia - gateway drug for most Iowa teens * is the largest export crop followed by cotton - preventable cause of adult deaths in the world today * is the leading cause of death in Alaska - preventable death in the United States - preventable cause of heart disease - risk factor in heart disease * is the main agricultural product in Adams County - major crop harvested in Southern Maryland - middle-class disease * is the most addictive substance known to humankind - common and hazardous substance used in adolescence * is the most heavily advertised product in the world - subsidised crop per hectare * is the most important article of export - global cause of cancer and is preventable - prevalent carcinogen in Western countries * is the most preventable cause of death and disease in New Jersey - subsidised crop in Europe * is the number one crop, with soybeans, corn and cattle following as major farm products - leading cause of preventable deaths - preventable cause of death in the United States - risk factor for preventable death and disease in Canada * is the only greater preventable cause of death and hospitalisation - legal product that causes death and disability when used as intended * is the only legal substance that can become addictive when taken as designed, as well - that, when used as intended, kills - other factor that causes more preventable deaths - palnt that contains nicotine, a powerful psychoactive drug - product sold in America that kills when used as directed by the manufacturer - primary cause of oral cancers - single largest preventable cause of premature death and disability in the world * is the single most appropriate source of revenue for health care reform - preventable cause of illness and death in the United States * is the top cash crop, used mainly in snuffs - revenue earner for the government - well known drug used in cigarettes, cigars and pipes * is their major crop, but tea, fruits, and vegetables are also grown - fruits, and vegetables are also important * is tobacco, after all - whether smoked or chewed - used as a natural insecticide * is used for lung cancer - prayer, protection, respect and healings - in various forms in India - vital to the economy * kills four million people a year, one death every eight seconds - annually * kills more people every year than guns, suicide, alcohol and illegal drugs combined - than half a million women per year worldwide * leading cause of death and disease in the United States - many types of cancer - contributor of oral cancer * leftover prop from the gay community's self-hating days. * loads new, expensive and totally avoidable burdens on the health sector. * major cause of death of New Jersey citizens - crop of Arab farmers - health hazard to adolescents, children and infants - killer worldwide and is one of the main causes of premature death - part of the economy - preventable cause of stroke - risk factor for cancer * member of the genus Nicotiana. * menace to society. * natural product. * now kills three million people each year world-wide. * obviously provides economic benefits to producers. * page of links relating to the health and political aspects of tobacco. * plant grown from the ground, and paper comes from trees that grow from the ground. * plant that can be smoked in cigarettes, pipes, or cigars or chewed in dip or snuff - comes in two varieties, nicotiana tabacum and nicotiana rustica - grows in a wide range of soil and climate conditions - which grows in a wide range of soil and climate conditions * poisonous drug. * poses a major health risk to American college students. * potent human carcinogen. * provides an example in the area of health. * public health hazard that needs to be controlled. * quickly stains teeth yellow and brown. * reduces the amount of ritonavir in the body. * remains the leading cause of preventable cancers. * remains the primary cash crop of the state's multibillion dollar farm industry - cause of disease and death in Canada - today a vital agricultural crop * represents the plant kingdom and our reverence for all living things. * requires a lot of nitrogen and potash which is supplied by wood ashes - warm climate and rich, well-drained soil * secretes a protein when the plant is chopped or shredded. * slow, insidious, but most malignant poison. * stains more than just the fingers and teeth. * still causes family destruction via mass disease, suffering, and death. * stimulant that makes the heart race and blood pressure rise. * substance of abuse. * takes a tremendous toll on the workforce. * teaches smoking skills. * unique product that kills up to half of the people who continue to use it regularly. * use The use of tobacco imposes a serious and unnecessary burden upon the health of the user - Tobacco use is recognised as a major preventable cause of disease, disability and death * use accelerates osteoporosis, the normal bone loss with aging - ovarian aging and can lead to an earlier menopause - accounts for nearly one third of all cancer deaths * use adversely affects oral health - the health of New Jersey's residents - cessation reduces tobacco-related illnesses and deaths - extracts a huge human toll of suffering and death each year - impairs bone remodeling and ovulatory function - kills millions of persons each year - leads to an increased risk of pneumonia, influenza, bronchitis, and emphysema * very heavily taxed product in most of the Member States. * yields millions of seeds, grows quickly and is easy to harvest. + Cuba, Geography: Spanish-speaking countries * Sugar is the most important crop of Cuba, and they may get it from the sugar cane. Sugar cane is the largest cash crop grown in Cuba, and it brings in most of the money. After that, the second is tobacco. Tobacco is made into cigars by hand. A hand-made cigar is considered by many people to be the finest in the world. Other important crops are rice, coffee, and fruit. Cuba also has many minerals. Cobalt, nickel, iron, copper, and manganese are all on the island. Salt, petroleum, and natural gas are there too.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | tobacco: Cigar * Most cigars contain chemicals. * Most cigars have a traditional round shape - as much nicotine as several cigarettes * Some cigars contain as much tobacco as one whole pack of cigarettes. * also produce much more secondhand smoke than cigarettes. * are a handmade commodity and as such are subject to minor differences in quality - all handmade premium cigars from the Dominican Republic - also a major source of second-hand smoke - an experience of a qualitative difference in life - consumable products - located in interns - mildly alkaline meaning the nicotine can still be absorbed through the mouth and lips - more dangerous than cigarettes - naturally hydroscopic products - the second-favorite tobacco product * are, if anything, stronger than cigarettes. * come in a variety of quality blended flavors - sizes, qualities, and flavors - different sizes, some as small as a cigarette, others much larger - more noxious combustion products than cigarettes - significantly more nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than do cigarettes - the same cancer causing chemicals as cigarettes * fall under fewer federal regulations than do cigarettes and smokeless tobacco. * go through a long aging and fermentation process. * have four times as much nicotine as cigarettes - many of the same health risks as cigarettes, including causing certain cancers - much higher concentrations of tar and nicotine than cigarettes * includes cigar butts. * increase the risk of oral and esophageal cancers just as much as cigarettes do. * is smoke * made in Cuba are popular in many countries. * often go out in the course of being smokes, especially as they near the last third. * use clearly contributes to oral cancer and heart disease.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | tobacco: Cigarette * All cigarettes emit ingredients deleterious to health. * Most cigarettes cause cell damage. * Most cigarettes have a primary filtering system attached to the end of the burn tube - effects - significant effects * Some cigarettes cause death - diseases * Some cigarettes cause fatal diseases - lung diseases * account for a small and declining portion of total vending machine revenues - most of the tobacco disappearance in the United States and other countries * also contain tar, a conglomeration of the solid particles found in smoke - help people deal with others - produce a psychological dependence * are VERY addictive and hard to lick - a good substitute for food * are a legal product that is lawfully consumed by adults - product, voluntarily purchased and consumed - major source of fires - well-known cause of heart disease, among other illnesses - addictive and a lot more poisonous than cannabis - addictive, expensive, socially unacceptable, and deadly - already one of the most heavily taxed consumer products in the United States * are also a form of biomass - expensive, addictive and they leave a bad odor - psychologically addicting - an anomaly of human nature - capable of suppressing the appetite - contraband - expensive, highly addictive, and cause major and minor illnesses - far more standard in construction and how they are used - harmful - illegal at all public places - inherently dangerous - just as addictive as cocaine or heroin - legal in all states * are located in ashtrays - cartons - gas stations - hands - packs - more expensive in the UK than in many other countries due to high taxation - most addictive when they are used to relieve stress - objects meant to be smoked - often the main source of particle emissions - one of the most addictive drugs on the planet * are one of the most heavily advertised products in America - marketed consumer products in America - responsible for the loss of many pregnancies via miscarriage or stillbirth - suicide sticks * are the equivalent of a dirty needle - first leading cause of all fatal house fires - leadeing preventable cause of cancer in developed countries * are the leading cause of fatal home fires in the United States - fire deaths - most addictive drug in the world * are the most common cause of fires in homes - lung diseases like chronic bronchitis and emphysema * are the most common type of Tabasco, and snuff - tobacco used by teens, followed by chewing tobacco and snuff - tobacco, and snuff - heavily advertised products in the United States - popular form of tobacco, but cigars and pipes are gaining - nation's top cause of preventable death - only legal product which, when used as intended, kills * are the second most common poison source, after medications, for children under age one - heavily advertised product in America today, after cars - single leading cause of fires in the nation - ultra-hazardous products * are used for burning - relaxation - smoking tobacco - torture * are, by a wide margin, the most dangerous of all consumer products. * bans The decision to ban cigarette advertising on television was made in the eighties. * become expensive and water is more precious than gold. * beetle adults and larvae also are omnivorous pests of other stored products. * burns on the fingers can suggest falling asleep or passing out. * can act as a shield to insulate uncomfortable feelings and situations. * can be lethal, but prepared food is even more lethal, for absorbed in greater quantities - relit, eliminating costly waste - cause tongue cancer, mouth cancer, throat cancer, lung cancer, emphysema, etc - do much more harm than just lung cancer - harm a young person's physical development - kill children and grownups - smolder under the cushions of a chair or sofa for several hours before igniting * cause at least one-quarter of all fires - le cancer - low birth weight and premature births, as well as miscarriages - numerous fire disasters - problems as well because they decrease the supply of oxygen across the placenta * contain a drug called nicotine, which is addictive - highly addictive drug known as nicotine - and emit large quantities of toxic chemical emissions including carbon monoxide - cadmium, and smokers inhale cadmium when they smoke - nicotine which binds to nicotinic receptors in the brain * contain nicotine, a mood-regulating drug found in tobacco - which, if ingested, can cause seizures and cardiac symptoms - no chemicals - thousands of chemicals many proven harmful - tobacco, tar, and carbon monoxide * contain toxic chemicals and impair the immune system * damage organs. * dangle from people's hands in the streets or even when they're riding their motor bikes. * defile the human body. * double the risk of heart disease. * dry out the mouth and coat the tongue with sulphur compounds, tar and nicotine. * emit vast quantities of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. * flood the body, quite quickly, with a range of active chemicals. * have a key role to play as they are an ever-present statement of identity - shelf life of two years as long as they are kept in the right environment - something in then called nicotine which is very addictive * illustrate the difference between value in exchange and in use. * includes cigarette butts. * inhibit bone manufacture. * kill far more people each year than do alcohol or other drugs - millions each year but are legal - more than a thousand people each year in North Dakota - when used as intended , and there is no known level of safe consumption * lead to cancer and lung disease, but they are legal. * ruin people's health. * sitting on rails leave burn marks. * smoke in a house produces secondhand smoke just as it does in an office, mall or airplane - homes with children * smoking alone significantly increases risk of having heart attack - over the past decades continues to be a major cause of cancer in the population * vary in their potential to start fires, depending on cigarette design and content.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | tobacco | cigarette: Cigarette smoking * accounts for much of the health disadvantage of babies born to poorer women - one-half of bladder cancer cases * affects reproductive processes in both males and females. * appears to have a major negative effect on fertility potential - pose much greater dangers to health than earlier forms of tobacco use * becomes addictive to humans because of the nicotine present in a cigarette. * can accelerate follicular loss. * can also cause tooth stains - contribute to wrinkles - raise the risk of developing asthma * can cause brain aneurysms, particularly in young women - increased elimination of theophylline and other compounds - over-readings up to four hours after smoking a cigarette - reproductive problems before a woman even becomes pregnant - contribute to lowered resistance to infection - even kill people who have never smoked a single cigarette - increase a teenager's susceptibility to depression - weaken the esophageal sphincter muscle - worsen the effects of either chronic or acute chlorine exposure * cause of decreased age at menopause. * causes cancer - disease, disability and death - heart disease, lung and esophageal cancer, and chronic lung disease - lung cancer, heart attacks, and other serious health problems in smokers - more heart attacks in women than in men - most lung cancers - the majority of lung cancers * decreases the blood supply to the uterus - tissue oxygen * does actually adhere to the fundamental principles of economics. * doubles the chances of having a stroke. * doubles the risk of getting bladder cancer - pancreatic cancer * exacerbates the coarse wrinkling of photoaging. * habit, e.g. a behavior. * has a variety of health impairing effects - both short term and long term consequences for the smoker - health risks * increases blood pressure - concentrations of the hormones epinephrine and vasopressin - susceptibility to colds and viruses - sympathetic outflow in humans - the risk for subgingival infection with periodontal pathogens * increases the risk of cancer of the lung more than any other site - developing the disease - heart disease in a number of ways - kidney tumors - occupational respiratory diseases * increases the risk of serious adverse effects on the heart and blood vessels - cardiovascular side effects - the blockage of a heart artery by about two to fivefold * interferes with the blood supply to the fetus. * is addictive and it can be very hard to quit - addictive, as that term is most commonly used today * is also a major cause of cancer - heart and blood vessel disease - significant risk factor for hyperkinesis in children - an addiction - the number one cause of cancer death in men * is an addiction like any other - addictive behavior - adverse prognostic factor in non-diabetic nephropathies - environmental issue - established risk factor for urinary bladder cancer - expensive habit - important cause of pancreatic cancer and perhaps of renal adenocarcinoma * is an important risk factor contributing to stroke - for men and women with heart disease * is another important factor that can lead to strokes - major cause of cadmium accumulation in humans - problem for which people try to find different solutions * is another risk factor for cervical cancer that can be prevented - the development of cervical cancer * is associated with a decreased incidence - considerable morbidity, mortality, and public health costs - reduced pulmonary functioning elderly men and women * is by far the most common cause of both emphysema and chronic bronchitis - cause of chronic bronchitis - cause of emphysema * is by far the most important cause of lung cancer - preventable cause of lung cancer - risk factor in the development of lung cancer - significant risk factor for lung cancer * is clearly a risk factor for developing coronary heart disease - addictive in that current cigarette demand depends on past smoking - connected with the onset of lung cancer * is considered a risk factor - the biggest risk factor for sudden cardiac death - to the most preventable cause of heart attacks - definitely one of the causes of sinus disease - extremely addictive and has broadspread societal health implications - felt to play a perpetuating role in hypertension and peptic ulcer disease - highly addictive, and quitting often proves to be difficult - implicated in about a third of strokes - incontrovertibly the major risk factor for lung cancer - injurious to health * is known to be the cause of the great majority of lung cancers - enhance the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs - greatly reduce the vitamin C levels in our bodies - make the symptoms worse - likewise an important risk factor for stroke * is linked to a number of diseases - increased risk for stroke - lung cancer and other cancers - the buildup of fatty substances in the carotid artery * is more addictive and harder to quit than heroin or cocaine - common than alcohol and drug use - damaging to women than men - likely to cause oral cancer than cigar or pipe smoking - notorious - on the decline in the black population as it is in the general population * is one of the biggest risk factors for pancreatic cancer - leading risk factors of hypertension and heart disease - major risk factors for heart disease - our nation's number one preventable cause of illness and premature death * is perhaps the most common form of substance abuse - devastating preventable cause of disease and premature death - devestating preventable cause of disease and premature death - easily preventable cause of disease and premature death - recognized as the highest known risk factor for low birth weight - responsible for most cases of lung cancers in women - the best known cause of lung cancer * is the biggest risk factor for heart attacks * is the biggest risk factor in sudden cardiac death - commonest cause of emphysema - greatest risk factor for heart disease - largest known risk factor for low birth weight * is the leading cause of cancer in America - death and disease in the United States - lung cancer for both men and women - premature death in the United States * is the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths - disease and death in the United States - mortality in the United States * is the leading preventable cause of cancer - lung cancer and heart disease - main cause of chronic bronchitis - major causative factor for development of lung cancer * is the major cause of cancer deaths today * is the major cause of lung cancer among women - determinant of the rise in lung cancer among women * is the major risk factor for stomach and pancreatic cancers * is the most common cause of bronchitis, but workplace toxins can also play a role * is the most important cause of lung cancer - factor in the United Kingdom * is the most important preventable cause of cancer in the United States - of illness and early death - of premature death in the United States * is the most important risk factor for both young men and women - for vascular disease bar none - single cause of preventable death in the United States - source of cadmium - potent risk factor for heart disease - prevalent form of nicotine addiction in the United States - preventable cause of death in our society - significant public health problem facing our people - single, significant public health problem facing our people today - widespread form of tobacco use - number-one cause of preventable deaths in the United States - primary risk factor - principal cause of low birth weight in developed countries * is the single biggest risk factor of sudden cardiac death - greatest preventable cause of death in the world - largest cause of preventable death and disease in Australia * is the single most important cause of cancer - of preventable illness and death in Canada * is the single most preventable cause of death in our society - thought to be a causative factor - tolerated socially * is very habit forming and can easily become addicting - important to disease activity - well known to promote an increased risk of lung cancer * lifestyle risk factor for hyperlipidemia. * major cause of death and disease among all minority and ethnic groups - emphysema, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and heart disease - heart disease among both men and women * major risk factor for coronary heart disease - in heart disease, stroke and lung cancer - of human cancers * nasty, health-destroying, often fatal and always expensive habit. * neutralizes many of the biological advantages women have. * particularly difficult addiction for people to overcome. * predicts symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. * principle risk factor for the disease. * releases powerful body chemicals that can cause cardiac rhythm abnormalities. * remains stable - the main cause of lung cancer in women, however * remains the single most preventable cause of death and illness * risk factor for Graves ophthalmopathy - pulmonary histiocytosis - the development of chronic bronchitis and emphysema * serious health hazard. * significant factor in the causation of cancer of the larynx. * strong risk factor for invasive pneumococcal infection. * threat to anyone's health. * way to instantly appear mature for teens. * weakens the lower esophageal sphincter. * well-established cause of a number of cancers. * well-known risk factor for colon cancer. + Cadmium, Safety: Metals :: Chemical elements * Cadmium is a highly toxic metal. Dust of cadmium or its compounds is very dangerous and can kill. Some countries have banned cadmium from electronics. Cigarette smoking is the most important source of cadmium. Cadmium is thought to be carcinogenic, although people still debate whether it is other things with the cadmium that cause cancer, like arsenic. + Lung cancer: Cancer * Lung cancer' is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both of the lungs. Cigarette smoking causes most lung cancers. Lung cancer kills 1.3 million people each year, more than any other cancer.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug | tobacco | cigarette: Clove cigarette * are just tobacco with clove flavor - nearly harmless - today the major delivery device used in Indonesia for inhaled nicotine * can cause serious lung injury and respiratory illnesses in some users. * contain cloves. Marijuana cigarette * Most marijuana cigarettes have effects. * cause damage. * triggers severe hyperthermia. Cuban tobacco * Most Cuban tobacco is descended from Honduran seed. * is acknowledged as among the finest in the world - famous worldwide<|endoftext|>### drug | tobacco: Smokeless tobacco * can cause bleeding gums and sores of the mouth that never heal - cancer, damage teeth and gums, and have a negative social impact - mouth, cheek, throat, and stomach cancer - sores and white patches which can lead to cancer of the mouth - lead to oral cancer, mouth sores and disfigurement * causes cancer of the lip, tongue and cheek - mouth and throat - gingivitis and gum recession, stains teeth and promotes tooth decay - gum disease and tooth decay - many dental problems as well * comes in many flavors to appeal to a variety taste preferences. * contains high levels of sodium contributing to high blood pressure as well - many chemicals and additives that cause addiction and cancer * decreases the sense of taste and limits the sense of smell. * growing problem in Oklahoma. * includes BOTH chewing tobacco and snuff. * is addictive and contains nicotine and other toxic substances * is also related to an increased risk of cancer of the tongue and throat - causing cancer * is as addictive as smokeable tobacco - dangerous as smoked tobacco - associated with cancer of the gum, mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus - at least as harmful as cigarettes - chewing tobacco, snuff, etc - equally as dangerous as smoked tobacco * is just as addicting as cigarettes because it also contains nicotine - addictive and harmful as tobacco that is smoked - known to cause cancers of the mouth, lip, tongue, and pancreas - linked to oral cancer * is marketed in the form of snuff or chewing tobacco - nationally as snuff and chewing tobacco - no more safe than cigarettes - problematic as well, with a high risk for oral cancer and gum damage - tobacco that is used either orally or through the nasal cavity - unattractive - unburnt tobacco which is placed into the mouth * is used in most parts of the world - including Africa, Asia and America - two common forms - more often in the rural areas than in the urban areas * known cause of cancer. * nicotine habit just like smoking tobacco. * offers the same addictive drug as cigarettes-nicotine. * safe alternative to smoking. * serious public health problem in Arkansas. Smoking tobacco * can cause humans to suffer unnecessary consequences. * causes more and earlier problems with circulation and the heart. * common practice. * increases the risk of some urinary tract conditions. * is the most common method of nicotine delivery. * limits the quantity and quality of oxygen being inhaled.<|endoftext|>### drug | tobacco: Tobacco smoking * appears to be a training ground for the smoking of other drugs - lessen the risk of contracting the disease * causes several lung diseases that can be just as dangerous as lung cancer * combined with heavy drinking usually is associated with squamous cell carcinoma. * effects the unborn child. * factor claimed to be of influence on alveolar bone loss. * increases square-wave jerks during pursuit eye movements - the risk of major health problems * is still the major preventable cause of premature death in men and women world-wide. * is the main cause of lung cancer and also cancer of the mouth and larynx - most important single source of cadmium exposure in the general population - primary risk factor * plays an aggravating role. * presents a major health hazard. * significant public health problem for Ohio women. * worldwide public health problem.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drug: Topical anesthetic * are useful in reducing pain and allowing the patient to take in fluids. * soften the cornea's epithelium making an abrasion more likely. Uricosuric drug * compete with an anionic transporter site. * increase the amount of uric acid passed in the urine. Various drug * are available both to prevent migraines and to relieve their symptoms - used to kill the parasites * can produce what is essentially a cholestatic reaction - promptly reduce the calcium levels ### drug | water pill: Chlorthalidone * appears in breast milk. * is very resistant to metabolic breakdown. * lowers blood pressure. * promotes mineral retention in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. * water pill Ethacrynic acid * can displace warfarin from plasma protein. * increases facility of outflow in the human eye in vitro. * induces reversible shape and cytoskeletal changes in cultured cells.<|endoftext|>### drug | water pill: Thiazide * act directly on the distal nephron to enhance calcium reabsorption. * also increase serum calcium and uric acid levels while decreasing urinary citrate levels. * appear in human milk. * are also available in combination with other drugs that lower blood pressure - diuretics - excreted in human breast milk * cause loss of blood potassium , while conserving blood calcium. * cross the placental barrier and appear in the cord blood. * increase excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts - fluconazole levels * pass into breast milk, and can decrease the flow of breast milk. ### drug | water pill | thiazide: Hydrochlorothiazide * affects the distal renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. * are diuretics * belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. * benzothiadiazine diuretic. * diuretic and antihypertensive agent * does pass into breast milk. * helps decrease extracellular fluid volume and stimulate fluid reabsorption. * increases excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equivalent amounts. * is slightly soluble in water. ### drugs: Ritonavir * allows all other PIs to be taken twice daily. * are drugs - medicine - pis * comes in an oral solution for use in children - capsule and liquid formulations * enables combined therapy with rifampin and saquinavir. * increases blood levels of indinavir and allows for a twice daily dosing - clarithromycin concentrations - desipramine concentration Ursodeoxycholic acid * improves cholestasis in infants with cystic fibrosis. * is drugs - less likely to be toxic to the liver, but is more expensive * reduces expression of heat shock proteins in primary biliary cirrhosis.<|endoftext|>Drumlin * Some drumlins are erosional features, carved by glacial processes out of the underlying basement. * are asymmetrical, canoe shaped hills made mainly of till - common on the ground moraine of the eastern threequarters - drifts - examples of streamlined glacial landforms - hills of glacial debris - low hills composed of unstratified material - oval shaped hills of boulder clay often deposited in groups on till plains - small hills - smooth, streamlined hills fromed within glaciers - streamlined hills made of glacial till * have shapes like overturned canoes. * includes sections. * look like the upside-down bowls of teaspoons, or halves of teardrops. * occur when glaciers locally readvance and override a previously deposited ground moraine. * often form in groups or clusters.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drunk: Alcoholic * All alcoholics have it as a major symptom of their disease. * Many alcoholics become able to drink ever larger amounts of alcohol before feeling or seeming drunk - do silly things when they drink - drink to combat anxiety - have a vitamin deficiency, especially a deficiency of thiamine - suffer convulsions and hallucinations during withdrawal - treat an underlying depression with alcohol * Most alcoholics are either hypoglycemic or borderline diabetics - good and kind people - ordinary people - begin to feel better very quickly after they stop drinking * Most alcoholics have cellular changes after consuming alcohol for long periods of time - food allergies, sugar, grains, and alcohol * Some alcoholics always find a reason to drink. * Some alcoholics are able to cover or hide evidence of becoming disoriented - bingers, with intermittent periods of sobriety - persons with a healthy diet * Some alcoholics begin drinking to the point of intoxication from their first drink - point of intoxication from their very first drink - develop rosacea, particularly rhinophyma - do drink all the time * Some alcoholics drink daily - regularly - favor scotch, some drink tequila, others drink nothing but beer - have hypertriglyceridemia which disappears with abstinence - stay dry for weeks even months or years * also are more likely to die prematurely - tend to have certain personality traits * are also more susceptible to neoplasms and less resistant to viral infections - bad bad bad people - certainly alcohol-dependent - classically hypomagnesemic in part due to poor nutrition - drunkards - good at lying to others and even better at lying to themselves - individuals with disabilities, subject to the protections of the statute * are located in bars - bridges - fraternity houses - homeless shelter - liquor stores - parks - prisons - morally weak - more likely to smoke mentholated cigarettes - most likely to lack the minerals selenium, zinc, magnesium, iron and phosphorous - much more likely to be violent and abuse others in their family - nearly five times more likely than others to die in motor vehicle crashes - nutritionally at risk for two main reasons - one hundred times more likely to commit suicide * are particularly at risk for thiamine deficiency for two reasons - of misuse of other psychoactive drugs - persons with sizable life problems - powerless over their disease, and most commonly have addictive personalities - prone to thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding times, and blunt head trauma - seven times more likely to be involved in fatal accidents than non-alcoholics - susceptible to dependence to all mood-altering chemicals - there to support each other during good and bad times - three times as likely to be male as female - twice as likely to confess a drinking problem to a computer than to a doctor - used for alcohol * become hypomagnesemic partially by an osmotic diuresis from alcohol - physically and emotionally dependent on the drug * can be deficient in magnesium - free themselves into conversion, metanoia , through the telling of tales * come from all backgrounds. * commonly consume methanol as a substitute for ethanol - engage in their most painful habits while under the influence * create excuses for drinking. * desire liquor. * drink every day Some alcoholics drink only on weekends, some abstain for months - more and more alcohol, often without knowing it - to numb the pain of living * eat less because alcohol tends to suppress the appetite. * find it so difficult to give up drinking because they have no willpower. * frequently combine deflection and projection through the use of anger and hostility. * generally are self-centered and defiant people who develop expansive egos. * have a considerable higher rate of accidental death than the general population - high tolerance for alcohol - higher tolerance to to alcohol than the average person - love-hate relationship with their drink - lower resistance to a number of different infections - an increased frequency of bacterial overgrowth in the upper gastrointestinal tract - many unsatisfactory experiences in life - poor intake of folate - runny noses - unique and different responses to alcohol * know they respond differently to alcohol. * like to blame other people, or their job, or their spouse, or even their kids. * never get well unless given a chance. * often combine rationalizing and fantasy - comment that they are never cured - deny that they have a problem * often have bones that are less dense than normal - disorders of sugar metabolism - severe cravings for alcohol while in the middle of a hypoglycemic attack * run a greater risk of gettin cirrhosis of the liver. * seem to be more sensitive to task-irrelevant stimuli. * smoke more cigarettes per day than do nonalcoholic smokers. * sometimes develop deficiency - experience a sudden spontaneous awakening * suffer from disturbing memory lapses called blackouts. * tell unnecessary lies in efforts to cover up for their behavior. * tend to be nice people except for the severe personality changes caused by the alcohol - deny their situation and deceive others about their condition - follow a predictable pattern of behavior as they become alcoholics * think about alcohol a lot. * use alcohol to cope with the stresses of every day life - denial and rationalization to twist reality into a more palatable form
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### drunk | alcoholic: Child of alcoholics * Children of alcoholics are four times more likely than non-COAs to develop alcoholism - more likely than other people to become alcoholics themselves - from two to four times more likely to develop the disease * Children of alcoholics are more like to abuse alcohol or drugs - likely to become alcoholics - exhibit elevated rates of psychopathology * Children of alcoholics have a four times greater risk of becoming alcoholics themselves - host of emotional scars - relatively high tolerance for alcohol - suffer psychologically, emotionally and socially - tend to score lower on tests that measure cognitive and verbal skills * More children of alcoholics are likely to become nondrinkers. * Most children of alcoholics grow up to live alcoholism-free lives. Chronic alcoholic * Most chronic alcoholics become amenorrheic. * have a high risk of getting both kidney and liver failure. ### drunkenness: Public drunkenness * is frowned upon in some countries - and a jailable offence in others - illegal in most areas * varies in acceptability.<|endoftext|>### dry finishing process: Powder coating * are heat-fusible resin coatings that give off no pollutants as they cure - simply a type of paint that is applied to most modern bird cages * dry finishing process. * have excellent strength, durability and weathering characteristics. * heat curable finish available to meet many requirements. * high-tech method of painting. * highly durable painting process. * is availible on all metallics - environmentally friendly, there are no solvents or hazardous material used - used in children's toys and furniture sold every day * method of applying a decorative and protective finish to a wide range of parts. * more profitable way to use space and time that is devoted to painting. * paint process. * represent a potential explosion hazard. * special finish for outdoors that is very durable. * state of the art technology in applying protective coating. ### ducks: Teal * are sexually dimorphic. * is ducks - green ### ducks | teal: Bluewing * are teal - the first ducks to make their move south from northern nesting grounds * have very complex southward fall migration. * is teal * often feed with greenwings, but prefer more leafy parts of vegetation. Cinnamon teal * are common ducks in the marsh. * travel in small flocks, They are very fast flyers. Dud * are ragged clothes - the cowboys' favorite clothes or their best clothes * is failure ### duplexs: Full duplex * are duplexs. * is another method to increase bandwidth to dedicated workstations or servers - simultaneous bi-directional communication - what differentiates a conferencing system from ordinary, half duplex speaker phones * means capturing and playing audio at the same time. * means that signals can be sent simultaneously back and forth - traffic can move both ways at the same time on a connection Half duplex * is bi-directional communication while taking turns. * means that data can flow in both directions but only one direction at a time - signals can go only in one direction at a time
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Durability * allows doing less without having less. * also depends on the severity of attack by fungi and insects, especially termites. * becomes a problem in changing conditions, long days or races. * can reduce the environmental costs of building by an order of magnitude. * crucial element of waste prevention. * does have a higher price, but durable goods can last a lifetime. * has more to do with the chemistry of the finish than the number of coats. * increases the less permeable the concrete mix is. * is affected by the purity of clay used - almost unparalleled in natural materials * is also a certain sign of quality - important to home buyers, especially aging baby boomers - an important factor in determining how to care for jewelry - based primarily on image stability - enhanced by sandwiching the metal layer between polyester and polyethylene - measured by fold and tear * is one of aluminum's main advantages along with the fact that it is easily replaced - the most vital, yet neglected, aspects of building design - permanence * is the capacity to withstand abuse - most important criterion used to define the quality of a gear - question in development of any new engine - very important for rail vehicle components like bogie frames * means productivity and lower unit costs, and retained value at the end of product life - that any changes committed by a task persist * refers to certain lasting qualities with respect to folding and tear resistance. * tops the list of properties that restrict the use of wood-based composites. * very important concern in using concrete for a given application. + Terrazzo, Terrazzo and Sustainability: Materials * Durability is at the core of green construction. Terrazzo flooring can be refinished repeatedly, reusing instead of replacing materials. It can be restored to its original luster at a fraction of the cost of replacement. Even century-old floors have generally proven need little more than minor repairs and refinishing to return them to their original beauty.<|endoftext|>### durations: Brevity * is durations - often the soul of wit - style - the mark of mercy in the hour of the chastisement of believers * is the soul of acronyms - e-mail - lingerie - power pop - superficiality - the web - wisdom - wit and good answers + Combat stress reaction, Present-day treatment and diagnosis: Conflicts :: Mental illnesses * Brevity is the initial rest period. Many soldiers return to duty after this brief rest. More seriously affected patients are referred to the next level. Immediacy is essential for treatment. Intervention should occur as soon as symptoms appear. Contact with the service-member's unit can help the soldier feel like a war fighter rather than a patient. ### duties: Moral obligation * applies directly to our ultimate motive, intent, or purpose. * concerns an observer's responses. * is duties - responsibility<|endoftext|>### dying art form: Engraving * Are also art sites on flat exposed rocks and sandstone ridges. * are art forms - cuttings - located in plates - marking - printmaking * dying art form. * highly skilled form of raised printing. * involves the cutting of copy or a design into a metal plate. * is an art in itself and has the same expressive force as painting. * is done on different metals such as copper, brass, silver, gold and also some alloys - with the use of small, hand-engraving tools - expensive to produce * is the art of incising lines, or designs, on a hard surface with a sharp tool - most expensive, traditional and formal type of printing - used for fine or pictorial work * makes stolen property easier to identify and harder to sell. * process in which a plate is marked or incised with a tool called a burin. * technique in which the artist draws grooves in a copper plate. * very old print medium.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### dying art form | engraving: Etching * allows for a freer artistic hand than does engraving. * are engravings - graphics - parts - work of art * art that requires much experimenting and experience. * can play many roles in the commercial use of glass work. * differ mainly from engravings in that they allow a freer line to be made than engravings. * happens when acid in some form comes in contact with a polished marble or limestone surface. * is an art process that involves a sheet of copper that is coated with a resist - created by washing out the blocked areas with tap water - one of the oldest art printing forms * is the method of using a metal plate to make prints - process of chemically removing the unwanted copper from a plated board - used in the maker s mark and for some cosmetic enhancement * reveals the microstructure of a material by selective dissolution of the structure. * safe, modern, esthetic version of the ancient art form of scarification. * uses a chemical to burn vehicle identification numbers into glass or metal. ### dying art form | engraving | etching: Aquatint * are a method of etching in tone * is an etching * is an etching process in which the artist is concerned with tone rather than line - tonal areas are created instead of lines - produced by dusting the copper plate with a resin and heating the plate - used to print areas of color * variation of etching aquafortis. Halftone * is used to optimize the quality of scanned photos when printed on desktop printers. * mechanical process for printing continuous tone images in ink. Wood block * can raise a table's height so wheelchairs can fit. * is an engraving ### dying craft: Metal spinning * dying craft. * is much more than just bending metal.<|endoftext|>### dying industry: Coal mining * can have a profound effect in the land - result in a number of adverse effects on the environment * causes saltwater intrusion into aquifers. * continues to be subsidised in numerous countries. * dying industry. * has an important role in the economy of southern Indiana - major impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems * imposes some of the most severe energy related environmental costs on American land. * is an important industry in western and southwestern Virginia - governed by state and federal laws that involve much paperwork - land disturbance on a vast scale * is one of the country's oldest industries - most dangerous jobs in the United States - the largest single mining activity with uranium and granite lower on the scale * tends to occur in isolated rural areas with little alternative employment opportunities. ### dying mind: Closed mind * dying mind. * tend to 'filter' reality to make it fit into their past 'realities'. ### dynamic field: Academic medicine * can involve clinical researc studies - recommend phrophylaxis for diseases * dynamic field. Microsurgery * allows plastic surgeons to operate in any area of the body. * connects tiny blood vessels, creating a lifeline for the transplanted tissue. * is an operation - that removes the cancer and as little normal tissue as possible * is the treatment of choice for lesions that are symptomatic and accessible - use of microscopic dissection techniques to physically remove the tumor * skill which takes time and constant practice to perfect and maintain.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### dynamic medium: Telemarketing * can be a legitimate way of marketing and selling products and services - help consumers if it is done responsibly - play an important role in any healthcare marketing mix * dynamic medium. * growing industry. * has many benefits to companies and consumers. * huge business within the United States. * is also a rapidly growing alternative to traditional retail shopping - one way that businesses can advertise their products and offer their services - predicted to be one of the fastest-growing areas in marketing * is the number one crime against senior citizens - only form of advertisement that demands an immediate response * multi-billion dollar business in the United States. * numbers game, after all. * sales approach conducted entirely by phone. * significant source of fraud. ### dynamic pc promoter: Amelia * dynamic PC promoter. * is an adult female peregrine falcon - one of the few found in Connecticut - - one of the few found nesting in Connecticut - located southeast of Cincinnati, Ohio - when an entire limb fails to develop ### dynamic process: Shoulder impingement * dynamic process. * is caused by repetitive use of the arm in an overhead position.<|endoftext|>### early morning sport: Ballooning * are flight - sports * is an early morning sport - ingenious way to increase survival chances and to travel into new areas - largely recreational in nature, thus many flights happen on weekends and holidays - one of the many activities that contribute to a mountain adventure * one of the natural means of dispersal for the insect. * term used for the mechanical kiting spiders use to disperse through the air. * weather dependent activity. * weather-dependent activity. ### early symptom: Loss of consciousness * can happen as well as tongue or cheek biting - lead to falls and drowning * is an early symptom - occurrence - unusual symptom as is mild liver toxicity - common, occurring within a few minutes after onset or developing gradually * necessary pre-requisite for traumatic brain injury. * occurs in all generalized seizures, except for myoclonic seizures. * sign of a possibly severe injury.<|endoftext|>### early symptom: Memory loss * Most memory loss occurs immediately after learning. * Some memory loss is due to easily treatable medical conditions or medications. * begins to affect job performance. * can also be a trait of dissociative disorders. * can be a symptom of depression, which is termed pseudodementia - an important way of coping with abuse * common complaint associated with aging. * is frequently a part of dementia - due to an insufficient supply of essential nutrients to the brain - limited to short term memory of recent events - loss of humanity * is one of the first symptoms of the di sease - most common symptoms of aspartame - the number one cause of controller errors - tied to land abuse * is very common after stroke - in aging - occasionally a side effect of antidepressants * natural consequence of aging - part of aging * persistent phenomenon during aging. * state of mind
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Earthquake * All earthquakes produce a series of seismic waves that travel through the earth. * Every earthquake has a unique total energy, and therefore a unique magnitude - an epicenter - produces waves of motion in the earth, called seismic waves * Is a sudden motion or trembling in the Earth. * Learn what happens when the earth moves. * Many earthquakes correspond to the overcoming of the rupture load of the deep rocks. * Many earthquakes occur each year in the United States - near the rift valley in the center of the ocean - when the earth's crustal plates grind and shift along one another - where the earth's crustal plates grind and shift along one another * Most earthquakes affect areas - countries - entire nations - landscapes - nuclear plants - populous urban areas - alter habitats * Most earthquakes are breaks in the earth's crust, caused by the slow movement of mantle rock - caused by movement - minor tremors - on the edges of tectonic plates, as they push or slide by other plates - the result of the sudden elastic rebound of previously stored energy - violet, with most of their energy in the short-period range * Most earthquakes cause damage - disasters - disturbances - tsunamis - widespread damage - contribute to health problems * Most earthquakes contribute to mental health problems * Most earthquakes destroy environments - infrastructures - towers - form part of a sequence , related to each other in terms of location and time - generate waves * Most earthquakes have energy - epicenters - impact - magnitudes - impact physical environments * Most earthquakes occur along faults, or breaks, in the Earth's crust - plate margins - the edge of the oceanic and continental plates * Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries - the boundaries where the plates meet * Most earthquakes occur in areas - narrow belts - near the edges of tectonic plates * Most earthquakes result after the sudden movement of one mass rock relative to another mass - from movement * Most earthquakes result in displacement - separation - rupture faults where two tectonic plates slide by each other - trigger nuclear disasters * Some earthquakes affect chinas - are caused by landslide * Some earthquakes cause avalanches - death - submarine avalanches - turbidities - create habitats - depend on severity - destroy homes - follow quakes * Some earthquakes generate earthquakes * Some earthquakes have degrees - long reoccurrence periods - kill cedar - move corals * Some earthquakes occur at plate boundaries - during nights - in rings * Some earthquakes precede earthquakes - underwater landslide - raise safety * Some earthquakes result in death - liquefaction - take places * accompany tsunamis. - buildings quite differently than natural disasters like hurricanes or tornadoes * affect populous areas * also cause water pipes to burst, gas lines to break, and highways to crumble - have an impact * also occur along plate boundaries - where one plate slides under the other, as is happening in southern Alaska - play a major role in upsetting the delicate balance of geysers - result from bending and tearing stresses which occur as the plates subduct - shake the ground within a certain range - strike many countries around the world * alter breed habitats * are a common occurence along the Pacific Rim - occurrence, because El Salvador lies right along a major fault line - different type of disaster from fire, auto, or life coverage * are a fact of life in California - natural phenomenon - naturally destructive effect of Earth's constantly changing surface - near-daily experience in many parts of Turkey - part of living in the Pacific Northwest - rare phenomenon in Southern Pakistan - serious threat to people all over the world - way of life in California - widespread hazard in the United States * are also a result of plate tectonics - compression waves * are among the most deadly and expensive natural disasters affecting humankind - destructive natural disasters - powerful events on earth, and their results can be terrifying - another common mechanism that can trigger mass movement - both physically and emotionally devastating to the population - broad, areal events that move through time and space - by far the most deadly natural disasters in the world * are caused by movement - tectonic movements in the Earth's crust - the movement of the earth's surface - when a fault breaks suddenly * are common along active major fault systems - transform faults * are common in Indonesia - many regions of the United States and the world * are common in the continental crust in the Pacific Northwest - south and south-west - natural events - on many active volcanoes - symptoms of plate movement - throughout Ecuador as the land is being formed - common, as Japan lies in the earthquake zone ringing the Pacific Ocean - dangerous because they strike without warning - developed in the outer crust of the earth * are frequent in the Moluccas, and most of the islands are mountainous - occurrences throughout the world - fundamentally related to strain in the earth's crust - just one way of showing that the earth is undergoing change - measured using observations from seismometers - minor events for the planet, even if they are major events for human civilization - more dangerous than hurricanes * are most frequent where two or more plates meet - frquent along plate boundaries - likely to occur where tectonic plates are pushing against each other * are movements along cracks or faults in the Earth's crust * are natural disasters - hazards * are one of the more dramatic earth events - most costly and deadly natural disasters - world's most deadly natural disasters * are part and parcel of California life - of the lord's plan for the progression of the earth - physical phenomenons - predominantly natural events - produced by the descending plate - second, followed by cyclones, tsunamis, volcanoes, and mudflows - special kinds of natural disasters - strong evidence that pieces of Earth shift around with respect to other pieces * are the Earth's natural means of releasing stress - agents of brittle rock failure - cause of severe damage to human beings and property - earth's way of releasing energy stored in plate tectonics as they move - most insidious of all natural disasters, putting aside man-made disasters - only thing that kills - result of many different things * are the result of slow-moving processes that operate within Earth - that perate within Earth - sound waves moving through the earth - stress accumulation and slippage along faults - results of the shaking that occurs then - signals of breaking rocks - unexpected events - unknown in Honduras, the only country without active volcanoes in Central America * are unpredictable and can occur at any time of day throughout the year - very useful to humans because they provide a picture of what's going on underground - vibrations of the earth caused by a rapid release of energy - virtually inescapable in the continental United States - waves of energy - weather related - when parts of the earth slide or move * are, of course, all about the earth moving. * can also bring landmasses together, which can have serious consequences. * can also cause a phenomenon known as liquefaction - tidal waves - tsunamis, which in turn cause massive flooding on coastal areas * can also occur within plates, although plate-boundary earthquakes are much more common - take human lives - topple bridges, towers and dams as well as trigger large landslides * can also trigger landslides , and occasionally volcanic activity - and generate huge ocean waves called tsunamis * can be even smaller and even larger - frightening events - landslide triggers - very mild or very destructive - violent enough to toss people around and destroy whole cities * can cause a tsunami - drastic fluctuations in the underground plumbing system - fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines - improperly secured water heaters to move or topple * can cause the most large-scaled destruction - soil to liquefy - water heaters to fall over causing leaking or fires - create tsunamis that devastate coastlines * can destroy settlements and kill many people - towns and cities instantly - flatten whole cities - generate many landslides - happen anywhere * can happen at any time of the year - in many places, although they are concentrated in certain areas - indicate where magma is moving - make doors slam open and shut and tip over office files and bookcases - occur almost anywhere * can occur anywhere in the United States - state of Utah * can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night - in any area of the world - virtually anywhere - when the ground becomes cracked - precede an eruption by years, months, days, and, in a few cases, hours * can produce both kinds of waves - some of the most severe loads that fixed structures experience - range from tiny, undetectable tremors to huge, devastating disasters - result in rapid downward displacement of the land surface - rip apart the earth and destroy infrastructure along the way - set off fire alarms - start avalanches, as well as noise from heavy machinery * can strike any location at any time - anytime and almost anywhere - suddenly, and without warning * can trigger a multitude of other natural disasters - tsunami, landslides and volcanic eruptions - landslides that cause great damage and loss of life - up root trees, cause fires and create trenches in the earth * cause a lot of devastation, thereby causing great loss of life and property - and respond to stress change - excessive vibration, but their effects are very brief and almost transient - shifts in the plumbing systems' circulation and as a result, temperatures change * cause the earth to become more compact and spin slightly faster - ground to vibrate, which means that it moves back and forth - waves to travel through the earth * caused by subduction can lead to tsunamis. * come in clusters - many forms * commonly occur along plate boundaries - in volcanically active areas - on fault lines * constitute one of the greatest natural hazards to human society. * destabilise slopes by shear stress thereby weakening the structure of slope material. * destroy areas - buildings and infrastructure and often cause heavy loss of life - neighbor areas * devastate cities. * differ in the strength and depth at which they occur. * do occur, however, within the subducting oceanic plate. * effect the avalanches landslides and mudslides in the same way. * generally occur without warning. * generate a variety of waves that travel through the Earth. * generate seismic waves that can be measured as they cross the globe - which travel through the earth - three types of seismic waves - two types of motions or waves in the earth - waves that travel through the Earth's interior * go on almost continuously. * happen all the time - at night because the rocks are shaking in fear * happen every day all over the world - on faults * happen when the rocky plates that make up the earth s crust shift suddenly - two tectonic plates rub against each other in a violent fashion * happen without warning, floods come in wintertime and fires in autumn * has a narrower term of Seismic event. - immediate impact - measures of size depending on either the destruction caused or the energy released - the potential to reorganize flow, changing the chemical environment - their own sounds * hit countries. * impact environments * indicate the develop of a crack and movement of magma toward the surface. * keep the geysers active. * loads push and pull horizontally on a structure. * mostly happen along the boundaries between tectonic plates. * occur a. in the magnetosphere. * occur all over the world but there are places where they happen more often - the time all over the world, both along plate edges and along faults - almost everywhere in the world * occur along fault lines and are unpredictable - the boundaries of tectonic plates - as a result of stresses on rocks - transform plate boundaries * occur because of a releasing of stress or pressure on the rocks - sudden release of stored energy - the Earth's plate are in motion - continually around the globe all the time - daily around the world - due to movement of tectonic plates, which results in breaking of rock * occur due to the break up of the descending plate as it pushes into the asthenosphere - pressure, and breaking of rock * occur every day some place in the world * occur in a pattern determined by movement of tectonic plates * occur in the brittle zone of the crust - southern parts of the country - mainly along plate boundaries - most frequently where plate interact - mostly at oceanic ridges and trenches * occur on faults or cracks in the earth s crust - that are preferentially located along plate boundaries * occur throughout most areas of the entire state - the eastern upland region , in addition to the Pacific margin - very suddenly, causing massive damage and seriously affecting people's lives * occur when cracks or fissures in the Earth's surface, called faults, move - plates collide - rocks break suddenly in response to various geologic forces - the earth's crust is stressed to the breaking point - there slip or break between two tectonic plates - two pieces of the earth snap past each other along a fault * occur where plates grind and rub against each other at their edges - move relative to one another - the edges of plates run into one another - with great frequency, resulting in massive loss of life and property - within the Earth, and the depth of rupture initiation is the hypocentral depth - without warning, shaking the ground and everything on it * often change the function of a geyser - happen along faults - induce landslides that can cause additional damage - occur at faults * originate from the fault at the curve of the Carpathian mountains - many miles underground, well below the zone affected by weather * play a major role in the hot spot formation. * pose California's greatest natural threat. * pose a different primary threat, that of falling structure and debris - risk to humans * present one of the most serious natural hazards with which mankind has to cope - the greatest loss potential to life, injury and economic welfare in the state * processes Rupturing rocks release huge amounts of energy. * produce many waves caused by the plate or rock movements beneath the surface - three different types of seismic waves * propagate as waves in the solid earth. * provide the energy source, and the means to examine the interior of the Earth. * radiate seismic energy as both body and surface waves. * really pose little direct danger to a person. * recorded by seismographic networks are mapped and indicate the location of a fault. * regularly shake the frozen ground. * release a tremendous amount of energy, which is why they can be so destructive. * release energy when they happen - large amounts of energy - their energy through vibration or waves of energy * represent one of the most destructive natural hazards known to man - the release of strain accumulated within the volcanoes * require preparation. * reshape life by causing mass extinctions. * result from crustal strain, volcanism, landslides, and collapse of caverns - movement at faults and plate boundaries * shake humans and their built environment - the ground sideways and tip things over * show a marked spatial distribution. * sometimes leave basins in the earth that become lakes. * strike northern regions * strike suddenly, and without warning - violently and without warning - without warning and can happen at anytime during the year - without warning and after shocks intensify fright and despair * take a terrible toll, in life and property damage, when a large one hits - place miles underground, and can happen at any time in any weather * tend to be concentrated at the boundaries of Earth's plates - occur near fault zones - reoccur along previous faults because they are weak zones * threaten our assumptions about the stability of life. * trigger disasters * typically occur repeatedly along the same faults - several miles deep within the Earth * usually last less than a minute. * usually occur during periods of seasonal change - pretty deep within the earth - where two plates are running into each other or sliding past each other * vary enormously in magnitude - in intensity, depending on many factors * violently tear apart the land, turn buildings to rubble, and trigger devastating fires. + Azores, Geography: Islands of Macaronesia :: Islands in Europe :: Geography of Portugal * All the islands have volcanic origins, although some, such as Santa Maria, have had no recorded activity since the islands were settled. Earthquakes are common on most of the islands. + Central Cross-Island Highway, Closing the damaged highway: Roads :: Transport in Taiwan * The highway goes through mountains. Rocks often fall and there can be landslides. Earthquakes also damage the highway. + Earthquake, Causes of earthquakes: Plate tectonics - Earthquake clusters * Most earthquakes form part of a sequence, related to each other in terms of location and time. Most earthquake clusters consist of small tremors which cause little to no damage, but there is a theory that earthquakes can recur in a regular pattern + Geology, Types of rock, Faults * All three kinds of rock can be changed by being heated and squeezed by forces in the earth. Geologists can learn a lot about the history of the rock by studying the patterns of the fault lines. Earthquakes are caused when a fault breaks suddenly. * Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The magnitude of an earthquake, and the intensity of shaking, is measured on a numerical scale. + Subduction * Subduction' is when two tectonic plates meet. One of the plates is pushed under the other into the Earth's mantle. Subduction causes the most powerful earthquakes in the world. Earthquakes caused by subduction can lead to tsunamis.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### earthquake: Big earthquake * can take down buildings and cause death and injury. * occur regularly with many occurring under the ocean or in sparsely populated areas. + Earthquake: Plate tectonics * There are large earthquakes and small earthquakes. Big earthquakes can take down buildings and cause death and injury. The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Seismology studies the frequency, type and size of earthquakes over a period of time. Bigger earthquake * have more and larger aftershocks. * trigger more aftershocks with larger magnitudes. Deep earthquake * are the most common in the Pacific Northwest. * occur in areas where oceanic crust is being actively subducted. Intraplate earthquake * have in general higher stress drop than interplate earthquakes. * occur within the plates at places where the crust is fracturing internally.<|endoftext|>### earthquake: Large earthquake * Most large earthquakes cause disasters - tsunamis * Most large earthquakes occur in areas - on long fault zones around the margin of the Pacific Ocean - strike northern regions * Some large earthquakes do trigger eruptions. * are common along such strike-slip, or transform,boundaries - rare occurrences - relatively rare * can form ponds and lakes due to sudden down-shifts in valley floors - occur nearly everywhere in Nevada - violent motions of the earth's surface * rupture faults that are tens to thousands of kilometers long. Magnitude earthquake * Most magnitude earthquakes cause damage - widespread damage * Most magnitude earthquakes destroy areas - neighbor areas Massive earthquake * Most massive earthquakes cause damage. * Some massive earthquakes cause death. Microseism * interfere with the recording of primary, secondary, and long waves. * is an earthquake Powerful earthquake * Most powerful earthquakes destroy structures. * Some powerful earthquakes occur in rings. * can shake firm ground violently for great distances - from great distances Severe earthquake * are a worldwide problem. * occur and volcanoes occasionally erupt with much destruction. Small earthquake * Many small earthquakes occur in the area surrounding the magma as the rocks break. * occur from time to time in Kansas. * rupture small faults or small sections of large faults. Strong earthquake * are common at subduction zones - fairly rare, but there are light tremors from time to time - very rare phenomena * cause landslides, great destruction, and loss of lives. * occur in Iran with a frequency unheard of almost anywhere else on Earth. Tectonic earthquake * are much more powerful than the earthquakes caused by volcanic activity. * occur due to the release of the stress caused by relative plate motion. Volcanic earthquake * Most volcanic earthquakes are small. * are almost always due to the movement of magma - generally much smaller and less intense than tectonic ones - minor or at most moderate in magnitude - usually low in magnitude but can be felt because of their shallow depth ### earthquakes: Major earthquake * Most major earthquakes occur in areas. * are earthquakes. * can kill thousands of people.<|endoftext|>### easily frightened away: Female turtle * Most female turtles dig pits - leave tracks * Most female turtles maintain body temperature * Most female turtles share instinct - nest instinct * Most female turtles use feet - hind feet * Some female turtles dig holes - emerge at nights * Some female turtles leave oceans - water * Some female turtles return to beaches - nest sites - same nest sites * are easily frightened away - larger than males * can store sperm for years. * go ashore to lay eggs. * lay their eggs in holes that they dig in the ground and leave. * leave their aquatic environment and venture onto dry land to lay their eggs * tend to move on shore to nest in large synchronized concentrations - onshore to nest in large synchronized concentrations
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### easily renewable resource: Recycled paper * helps save energy and natural resources. * is an easily renewable resource - divided into white, colored, newspapers and cardboard * is made to the same standards as paper made from virgin pulp - up of many different types of paper, and rubbish - using a similar process but requires less energy - paper that contains fibre from waste paper - produced in an energy efficient manner - the most important material used by paper industry * is used for most office correspondence - napkins and for sanitary paper - in our copiers, fax machines and printers * saves enormous amounts of water and energy over virgin papermaking processes. * serves as feed stock for existing and developing 'recycled-paper' mills. * takes less energy, water and toxins to produce than paper made from virgin wood. * uses less energy in manufacture, creates less pollution, and employs more workers.<|endoftext|>### easily treatable condition: Hyperthyroidism * See goiter. * also occurs in other situations. * can actually improve kidney function by increasing blood flow to the kidneys - also cause tremor - lead to heart failure if untreated - make diabetes very difficult to control - predispose to arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation * causes tumors to grow on the thyroid gland. * condition due to an excess of thyroid hormone secretion. * condition in which the body has too much thyroid hormone - levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very high - thyroid produces excessive amounts of hormone - resulting from over-activity of the thyroid gland - where the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone * disorder characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormone. * exists in several different forms. * fairly common disease of older cats. * happens when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. * has several causes. * increases heart rate and blood pressure and causes weight loss. * is adenosis * is an easily treatable condition - overactive thyroid, whereas hypothyroidism is an inactive thyroid - uncommon cause of hypercalcemia * is caused by a tumor in the thyroid gland - an overactive thyroid gland - antibodies directed against the thyroid gland - dangerous and kills - diagnosed by checking levels of the thyroid hormone in the blood - diseases * is due to an enlargement of the thyroid gland - overactive thyroid producing excess amounts of thyroid hormone - most classically a disorder of excessively function and activity - one of the most common diseases of the middle-aged and older cats - overactivity of the thyroid gland - patients taking amiodarone is more problematic and can be quite severe - rare in dogs * is the condition resulting from secretion of excess thyroid hormone - most common endocrine system disorder in cats - opposite * is the overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid glands - too much hormone - treated with antithyroid medications , radioactive iodine, or surgery - uncommon in dogs - usually a result of a tumor in the thyroid gland - very common, but also frequently misdiagnosed - when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone * makes the body speed up. * means that the gland is overactive, producing too many hormones. * occurs in different species as the result of different mechanisms - middle aged and older cats - most commonly in older cats and is rare in dogs * occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive - produces too much thyroxine - too much thyroid hormone circulates in the blood * results from secretion of thyroid hormones - when the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones * returns soon after the drugs are stopped. * serious disease that usually affects women more so than men. * treatable disease. * very serious situation and life threatening.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### easily treatable condition | hyperthyroidism: Feline hyperthyroidism * causes thyrotoxicosis and is usually seen in cats over six years of age. * is currently the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disease of the cat. * systemic disorder caused by excessive thyroid hormone. ### easy: Short exposure * can cause drowsiness, dizziness, headaches and loss of consciousness. + Astronomy, Methodology, Techniques, Integration * Short exposures are easy. However, longer ones are affected by the Earth's rotation, causing a star wheel effect.<|endoftext|>Eater * Most eaters adapt to aquatic habitats * Most eaters consume diets - meat - tender meat * Most eaters eat plants - prey - emit ultrasonic sound - feed on fish * Most eaters feed on small fish - school fish * Most eaters have large mouths - long necks - teeth * Most eaters kill large mammals * Most eaters lead life - solitary life - love healthy meals - require water * Some eaters die of cancer. * Some eaters eat animals - arthropods - cattle - crabs - fruit - herbivores - mollusks - small arthropods * Some eaters have diabetes - fast insulin levels * Some eaters have lower fast insulin levels - love mushrooms - possess stomachs - use nuts * are consumers. * are engaged in behavior - unhealthy behavior - produce * emit sound * includes arms - body substances - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - heads - human bodies - legs - material bodies - nuclei - personality - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is produce * make choices. * need calories. * occupy levels. * require decisions - food * use both potential and kinetic energy. ### eater: Compulsive eater * can stop bingeing and learn to accept their bodies. * come in all shapes and sizes. Diner * are eaters. * are located in cities - diners - kitchens - small towns - restaurants * are used for eating - eats * carry food. * consume billions each year throughout the world. * eat bread. * find food. - body substances - human bodies - material bodies * is carriage * offer breakfasts. * often are restaurants modeled after, or made from old train cars. * prefer habits. ### eater | diner: Carver * Some carvers also combine the different media of stone, whalebone, antler, ivory and muskox horn - work on figures of birds, horses, insects, crustaceans, reptiles, fish, and others * are highly skilled and respected artists. * work in ivory and wood, carving everything from tusks for altars to stools and staffs. Fish eater * Most fish eaters eat prey * Most fish eaters feed on small fish - school fish * are less likely to die of cancer. Flesh eater * 's a derogatory term. * Most flesh eaters eat plants. Fruit eater * Most fruit eaters emit ultrasonic sound. * Some fruit eaters eat arthropods Leaf eater * Most leaf eaters lead life * Some leaf eaters eat fruit - possess stomachs
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eater: Omnivore * Many omnivores change their eating habits during their life cycle. * Most omnivores consume small animals. * Most omnivores eat animals - balance diets - grass * Most omnivores eat healthy balance diets - live animals - matter - meat - other animals - vegetable matter * Most omnivores feed on leaves * Most omnivores have body length - preference - toes * Most omnivores thrive on food - many different food * Some omnivores are scavenger s, creatures that eat the meat of dead animals. * Some omnivores eat arthropods - dead arthropods - figs - materials - plant materials * Some omnivores feed on carnivores - ferns - lesser carnivores * Some omnivores have chances - claws - rats - help farmers * Some omnivores live in trees - make holes * also eat animals that are herbivores. * are animals that consume both plants and animals - eat both plant and animal foods * are animals that eat both plants and animals - and meat - and other animals - food from plants and animals - eats both plants and animals - feed on both plants and animals - at different feeding levels depending upon what they are eating - both plant and meat eaters - consumers which eat both producers and consumers - heterotrophs - interesting because they are both herbivores and carnivores - mammals that eat plants and meat * are organisms that eat both plants and animals - feed on both animal tissue and plants - part of both the second and third trophic levels - similar to both carnivores and herbivores because they eat both plants and animals - somewhere in between - species of animals which eat both plants and animals - successful in less ephemeral ponds * are the least choosy about what they eat - most adaptive of all the species and thrive in a larger range of environments * are the most flexible eaters of the animal kingdom - group, and are able to live in the widest range of habitats - unique animals that eat both plant and animal matter - usually generalists - what keep the foodchain going * belong to both the second and third. * can appear in different parts of a food chain - be primary, secondary, and even tertiary consumers, depending on what they are eating - better adapt to development than herbivores or carnivores - get energy either by eating plants directly or by eating herbivores - live in many places because they eat both plants and animals - often adapt well to changes in their habitat by adjusting their diet * consume animals. * consume both and animals * eat a variety of meat and vegetable matter - anything - at all levels of the food chain * eat both animals and plants * eat both plants and animals and have both kinds of teeth - for survival - the plants and the other animals * eat other animals and autotrophs * eat plants and animals, as well as fungi, bacteria and organisms from the other kingdoms - or animals * feed directly upon both animals and plants. * get Flying Fish , which summons the Sea Monster to force fish onto shore - energy and nutrients from eating a diet containing plants, animals, algae and fungi * have a different digestive system that either carnivores or herbivores - mixed diet and detrivores feed on dead and decayed plant and animal material - such a range and get their nutrients from so many different sources - teeth that are crushing rather than shredding or slicing * have very distinctive teeth that help with the digestion of their varied diets - similar digestive systems to carnivores with the addition of a caecum * help keep in check both animal populations and vegetation growth. * include fish - mosquito fish - body substances - cytoplasm - human bodies - personality - plasma membranes - vacuoles * ingest a wide variety of prey, encompassing floral, faunal, and detrital material. * is an animal * obtain energy from both plants and animals. * occupy an intermediate level in the food web. * search for food. * seem to do well being fed small amounts a couple of times a day. * take food more or less equally from at least two trophic levels. * usually consume recommended levels of the amino acid, methionine.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eater | omnivore: Coati * are diurnal and forage from dusk to dawn. * find food using their keen sense of smell. * is an omnivore. Opportunistic omnivore * Most opportunistic omnivores eat matter. * consume animals. Plant eater * have long necks - teeth * need calories. * occupy levels. Salmon eater * Some salmon eaters have fast insulin levels * Some salmon eaters have lower fast insulin levels Seed eater * Some seed eaters have pouches in their throats that hold food while they are gathering the seeds - use nuts * find seeds on the dead plants. * have shorter round beaks.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eater: Vegetarian * All vegetarians are animal-rights activists - rely heavily on whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoid red meat * Many vegetarians are ignorant about ways and means of attaining superior nutrition and good health - what they are because of a variety of religeous and ethical beliefs - consume soy as a supplement for protein products such as meat, cheese, and eggs - focus on avoiding meat and rely on mostly bread, bagels, potatoes and pasta - suffer from low iron levels and some are deficient in some of the B vitamins * More vegetarians live in the South of India than in the North, possibly because the North is colder. * Most vegetarians are pacifists or committed to humane causes. * Most vegetarians avoid meat - do, however, fall victim to the occasional cold * Most vegetarians eat beans - chicken and fish - diets - enough food to meet their energy needs - proper diets - soy beans - feel cold more readily than flesh-eaters - grow food * Most vegetarians have excretion - fecal weight - killer cell activities - lower urinary excretion - no difficulty designing an adequate diet - kill plants, as does anyone who weeds their lawn - live below the poverty level - look so much like the food they eat that they can be classified as cannibals - maintain diets * Most vegetarians rely heavily on whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and avoid red meat - on food - use food * Some vegetarians are dangerously low in protein which can threaten health - members of new religious groups with diet-related taboos - vegans - claim they are more satisfied after they eat - do find themselves missing meat - drink alcohol * Some vegetarians eat flowers - or drink animal products , like milk and eggs - excrete estrogens - have levels * Some vegetarians have lower levels - triglyceride - raise chickens - refer to themselves vegetarians and are just avoiding red meats * Some vegetarians suffer from health problems - physical problems - tend to health - use milk products and eggs * always claim the high ground unfairly in terms of health. * are animals - dumb and slow compared with predators from dinosaurs to birds - no more likely to be iron deficient than anyone else - people - soft-hearted bunny lovers * close themselves off by refusing to have an open mind and explore dishes with meat. * die of cancer of the colon. * drink milk and eat dairy products. * find cheese. * get lots of protein in legumes, grains and the like. * have activities * includes arms - body substances - cell membranes - cells - corpi - cytoplasm - heads - human bodies - legs - material bodies - nuclei - personality - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * live longer than other people - longer, healthier lives * often drink more milk and eat more dairy than meat eaters. * often feel sickly - tired - weak - have low cholesterol * rely on food. * still eat dairy products such as eggs, cheese, milk, yogurt and ice cream. * to drink milk - skim milk + Vegetarianism, Reasons and benefits, Religious and spiritual, Hinduism * Hindus teach vegetarianism as a way to live with a minimum of hurt to other beings. There are approximately 200 million vegetarians in India, which has more people that do not eat meat than any other country. More vegetarians live in the South of India than in the North, possibly because the North is colder. For yoga and meditation, it is wise to be vegetarian. + Vegetarianism: Nutrition * Vegetarianism' is the practice of not eating meat or fish. People who follow vegetarianism are called 'vegetarians'. Vegetarians eat foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans and grains. Some vegetarians eat or drink animal products, like milk and eggs. They are called lacto-ovo vegetarians. Vegetarian people usually like tofu, falafel and other meat substitutes.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eater | vegetarian: Lacto vegetarian * avoid meat, poultry, fish and eggs, but eat dairy products. * can get plenty of calcium from skim milk, nonfat yogurt and low-fat cheeses. * eat animal protein of high biological value, eggs and dairy products. * restrict themselves to milk and milk products, avoiding eggs. Pure vegetarian * HAVE TO take supplements to ward off developing pernicious anemia. * Most pure vegetarians eat diets - proper diets Strict vegetarian * are prone to iron-deficiency anemia. * get little or no carnitine. * tend to be substantially lower than the mean.<|endoftext|>### eater | vegetarian: Vegan * Every vegan is actually a faunivore. * Many vegans also avoid buying from or supporting companies that test on animals - exclude honey from their diets * Most vegans also have to take other supplements along with their food to ensure a healthy lifestyle - avoid leather, wool or silk clothing - take some type of vitamin or mineral supplementation * Some vegans don t use honey as bees are sometimes killed after season. * also avoid all dairy products and eggs - try to avoid wearing leather, wool etc * are also at higher risk of vitamin A deficiency - concerned with the environment - different - extreme vegetarians and animal rights activists - from Venus and meat-eaters are from Mars - in terrible danger of vitamin deficiency - individuals who strive to do no harm towards animals - people who follow a lifestyle that refrains from using any animal product - strict vegetarians who eat no animal foods whatsoever * are the fastest growing segment of the vegetarian population - strictest of all, eating no foods of animal origin whatsoever * are vegetarians who also abstain from other animal products such as dairy and eggs - other animal products such as eggs or dairy * avoid all animal products, including eggs and dairy products - both animal's milk and eggs - eating any food item which contains any form of animal by-product * believe that raising animals for food wasteful and inefficient process. * can be deficient in proteins and fat - get protein from soy milk,soy burgers, soy cheese,nuts etc - obtain adequate calcium from plant foods * eat neither dairy products nor eggs - eggs nor dairy products * eat no animal by-products, no leather, fur, etc - hormones - products of any kind and exclude all dairy products and honey * eat no animal products, no meat, fish or poultry, no eggs or dairy - obtaining their protein purely from vegetable sources - foods which come from animals - only food of plant origin * eat only plant foods, no eggs or dairy products - predominantly fruits, vegetables, and grains - plants - vegetable matter and avoid using animal products * exclude all animal foods and animal-derived foods from their diets - both eggs and dairy products * have a tough time getting their calories - the most limited diet - to look carefully on labels, because eggs and milk are in many common daily foods * often eat less calcium and vitamin D than do other people - D than others * say hens and cows are abused in the process of making eggs and milk. * see life as a phenomenon to be treasured, revered and respected. * stay away from animal products altogether. * take it a step farther and also abstain from other animal products such as eggs or dairy. * tend to gain weight more slowly than vegetarians, but it can happen. * tend to have low Vitamin D intakes - vitamin D intakes, fortified margarines being the main dietary source * think that animals have rights just as human beings have rights. ### eccentricity: Oddity * Oddities are eccentricity. * is eccentricity ### ecclesial: Norbertine spirituality * is ecclesial. * rests on a rhythm of prayer that is both public and personal. ### ecclesiastics: Spiritual force * are ecclesiastics. * is concentration and an inner energy.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Echo * are created by sound waves being reflected off of a large obstacle - used to measure distance, velocity, and the shape of objects * is analogues - awards - imitation - located in bridges - nymph - reflectivity - replies - singles - software * produced by defects are distinct from echoes produced by well-bonded, homogeneous materials. ### echo: Echolalia * is an example of perseverative speech - another common problem in communication for many individuals with autism - one of the most prevalent language characteristics of children with autism * parrot-like repetition of a senseless word or phrase.<|endoftext|>Eclipse * Any eclipse occurs when one object gets between a light source and a third object. * Most eclipse has phases. * Some eclipse has magnitudes. * also become shallower on the rise to outburst and practically disappear at maximum light. * always foretell events that transpire in the future. * are a time-tested tool of solar astronomy - about change, sometimes radical change - especially dangerous for pregnant women - named after their max point - only visible on a small part of Earth's surface - regular as clockwork - relatively common as astronomical events go - times of surprise developments and monumental endings or beginnings - total only in a narrow track along the Earth , and only for a few minutes - visible anywhere on the night time side of Earth * can affect world events - also occur outside the solar system in eclipsing binary star systems - be very upsetting because of their power - come on suddenly acting in a lightening like manner - give a relationship a sense of purpose if one was lacking, or a reason for leaving * can only happen near the lunar nodes - when a new moon passes between the sun and Earth - occur when the moon is near the ecliptic - sometimes years apart * depends on factors - several factors * following volcanic eruptions on Earth can appear especially dark and coppery-colored. * generally come in pairs, although they show up in triplets from time to time * has appearances - viewers * have a bad reputation with most people as bringers of doom and gloom - known correlation with an increase in earthquakes * intensify and focus energy, often for up to six months. * is books - interruptions - phenomenons - ships * occur twice a year within a two week period of each other. * occur when Earth, the sun, and the moon are in a straight line, or nearly so - a satellite moves through the shadow of Jupiter * occur when the moon passes through the earth's shadow - three bodies form a nearly straight line * only happen a few times in our lives. * provides opportunity - spectacular photo opportunity * signify a tendency for change, signaled by an interruption of light to the Earth. * slip back in the zodiac so that each occurs a few degrees earlier than the last. * vary from just a few minutes to nearly five hours in length. + Solar eclipse: Astronomical phenomena * Eclipses are total only in a narrow track along the Earth, and only for a few minutes. Outside this path, all eclipses are partial, and places far from the track get no eclipse at all. The track can be predicted many years before it happens.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eclipse: Lunar eclipse * Every lunar eclipse is different in color and brightness. * Most lunar eclipse has phases. * A 'lunar eclipse' is an astronomical phenomenon. It happens when the moon passes through the shadow of the Earth. Lunar eclipses happen about twice a year, much more often than solar eclipses. They also last longer than solar eclipses. * act faster than a solar eclipse. * are also perfectly safe to view - always safe to view - less frequent that solar eclipses - more common than solar eclipses * are of limited value for astronomical research - two types, total and partial - safe to see with the naked and unaided eye - sedate and quite, an interplay of subtle shadow and muted colors * are visible from anywhere on the night time side of the Earth - more than half of the Earth * can be both partial and total, just like solar eclipses - occur at either node * happen about twice a year , much more often than solar eclipses - every year or two - only at full moon, when the Earth is between the moon and sun - when the moon passes through the shadow of the earth * is eclipsings. * marks minor high and initiates sell off into solar eclipse low. * occur every six months, on average - in pairs with solar eclipses, two weeks apart - infrequently - more frequently than solar eclipses - much more often than a solar eclipse * occur when Earth passes between the moon and the sun - earth's shadow obscures sunlight cast on the moon * occur when the Earth passes directly between the Moon and the Sun - full moon passes through the Earth's shadow - moon slips into the shadow of the Earth - sun is in one node and the moon at the other - whenever the full moon passes into the shadow of the earth * take place at night and take more than an hour to complete. * tend to last longer than solar eclipses. Partial eclipse * are dangerous because the uneclipsed part of the sun is still very bright - never safe to watch without taking special precautions * bear little relation to a total eclipse. * is eclipse. * occur when the moon only blocks out part of the sun. * produce different light curves, which are more saw-toothed in nature. * provides opportunity - spectacular photo opportunity Solar eclipse * are excellent examples of light and shadow - more rare than lunar ones, and much more spectacular - only apparent to people who are in or near the very narrow path of the shadow - visible only in certain areas and require eye protection to be safely viewed * causes darkness. * depends on factors - several factors * falls one day after long-term bottom. * provides opportunity ### eclipse | solar eclipse: Annular eclipse * are also dangerous to look directly with the naked eye. * is solar eclipse Total eclipse * are very rare, totally spectacular, and only last a couple of minutes. * can light rays bend, Towards the moon a red glow send, The moon is red. * happen, because of the coming together of a number of coincidental events. * has viewers. * occur within the umbral shadow. * seem to happen infrequently.<|endoftext|>### economic bottom-line business: Industrial agriculture * epitomizes a system of farming in conflict with nature. * is also very irrigation dependent - an economic bottom-line business - one of the most unsustainable practices of modern civilization * poses a mortal threat to wildlife and the entire web of biodiversity. * produces generic commodities for mass markets and global trade. * puts animals in concentration camps where they become crazy and diseased. * requires genetic uniformity. * utilizes water in every step of the food process. ### economic values: Aesthetic value * Aesthetic Values Are Economic Values. * play a significant role in designed landscapes. Ectoplasm * are cytoplasm. * carries a negative charge. * is matter - semu-like * resembles a gaseous cloud. * shows up in pictures as swirls of white-hot, unformed electromagnetic energy.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### ectotherms: Terrestrial reptile * Most terrestrial reptiles excrete waste. * Some terrestrial reptiles conserve water - have acid * are ectotherms. * keep their body temperature stable by absorbing solar radiation during the day. ### edge tool: Scythe * also do surrounding damage to units due to the spikes on the end of their chariot wheels. * is an edge tool Edibility * Contains deadly amanitoxins. * is good for small specimens, but large barracuda can carry a fatal toxin - properties * remains only while the spore mass is still white and solid.<|endoftext|>### edible mollusc: Abalone * are choosy feeders, preferring red algae - in peril worldwide * are marine mollusks, with eight species inhabiting the west coast of North America - snails - nocturnal - active at night - one of the first food items taken by otters as they move into new habitat - slow growers and long-lived * attach themselves to rocky ocean bottoms in areas that experience wave or current action. * board game something like sumo wrestling with marbles. * eat marine algae in the wild and on some farms. * have separate sexes. * is an edible mollusc - important commercial fishery - fresh,instead of the traditional dried or caned variety and cooked to perfection - used worldwide for food and for medicinal purposes * live in the Pacific Ocean and are collected for food. * shellfish in great demand worldwide as a seafood delicacy. * sophisticated strategy game played by pushing marbles on a hexagonal grid. ### educational events: Science fair * Some science fairs discourage the use of food in experiments because of food allergies. * are educational events. * help develop the next generation of scientists. ### educational issue: Drug misuse * is an educational issue - the under use, overuse, or erratic use of medications * major ongoing problem in the prison system. ### educational organizations: Educational system * Many educational systems assume that knowledge is individual and self-structured. * are educational organizations - evolutionary, responding to pressures from within and from without * encourage teaching and learning that are innovative, risk-taking and efficient. ### educations providers: Local school * Many local schools offer health courses that make students aware of smoking's dangers. * are education's providers.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Eel * All eels have nematodes inside, but the nematodes only burrow out when the eel is unhealthy - teeth and can make short work of nylon and braid * Many eels migrate over long distances to breed and to eat. * Most eels absorb oxygen. * Most eels are catadromous - predators - catch fish - eat meat * Most eels enter fresh water * Most eels have gills - jaws - no scales and are protected by a layer of slippery mucus - organs - respiratory organs - skin * Most eels live in dark water - muddy water - salt water * Most eels occupy aquatic habitats - prefer to live in the shallowest parts of the ocean * Some eels eat dead fish - krill - worms * Some eels have eels - electricity - fins - habitat requirements - habits - senses - texture - live in salt water, but many also live in fresh water - move back and forth between fresh water and ocean environments * Some eels produce electricity - voltage - return to oceans - seem to develop an unnatural appetite, which means they put on a lot of weight - show fossil evidence * Some eels undergo final metamorphosis - phases - several phases - wait for animals. * have fewer fins than other fish. They do not have all the belly and chest fins. The back and anal fins are long and usually connected to the tail fin. The fins do not have spines. * hatch from eggs. A young eel is called an 'elver'. For a long time people did not know where eels came from, because baby eels look very different from adults. They thought the babies were a different species. * Most eels prefer to live in the shallowest parts of the ocean. They live at the bottom of the ocean, sometimes in holes. Eels in the 'Anguillidae' family come to fresh water to there. * Most eels are predators. They hunt their prey * abound in the ancient drainage ditches, known locally as rhynes. * also eat invertebrates, crustaceans, shrimp, crabs and sea urchins - serve as animal fodder, fertilizer and an ingredient in some glues * apparently have relatively small home ranges within which they forage. * are active and reclusive, nocturnal and physically extremely hardy - actually fish that come up rivers and streams from the ocean to spawn - all predators that enjoy whole shrimp, clams, or fish about twice a week - also colored either brown, dark green or gray - an important food source in many areas - bottom dwellers - carnivores and, contrary to earlier thinking, seek living rather than dead organic matter * are catadromous, swimming down - which means they spawn in saltwater and mature in freshwater - common residents of Hawaiian reefs - especially well suited to being raised in artificial ponds - fish and use gills to breathe, whereas sea snakes are reptiles and use their lungs - fish, and fish have a skeleton - generally predators and carnivores, and sometimes they're cannibals - important commercial fish in New York State - long and thin like snakes - nocturnal and most of their feeding therefore occurs at night - opportunistic feeders and consume a wide range of food items - particularly vulnerable if deep hooked, as all their vital organs are close to the throat - quite common during late evening and night fishing - regarded as a source of stamina for men in Korea - scavengers and eat virtually anything dead or alive - secretive and employ stealth as a primary hunting technique - the only catadromous species in the Bay - unclean because they are fish without scales * bony fish * can also alter their coloration in response to changes in illumination and background - breathe through their skin when out of water - live in saltwater or fresh water * constitute one of a few fish species known as troglophiles that can live in underwater caves. * descend rivers and seek the mid-ocean to spawn. * do wander overland, especially in the wet stormy nights they prefer for migration. * eat a wide variety of live and dead food - invertebrates, fish, and other eels * feed mainly on invertebrates, crustaceans, small fish and insect larvae - on fish, worms, insects, and snails * hatch from eggs that the the female lays * have a highly distinctive-looking, elongated body - terminal mouth, extending posteriori to or beyond the eye - very long cylindrical body which is very muscular - leathery skin, and a long fin down their back and up their belly * have many predators, including large fish and seabirds - traits that suggest a lively intelligence - one of the most highly developed senses of smell among animals * have poor eyesight and depend on their smell - rely heavily on their sense of smell - quite a complex life cycle * hide from otters - within the reef's crevices during the day and then hunt during the night * lack the large gill covers found in true fishes. - freshwater but migrate to the ocean to breed * produce rhythmic ripples down the lengths of their bodies. * provide much more than just food for human consumption. * range in size from small to very large and a bite, from even a small one is cause for concern. * rely heavily on their sense of smell rather than sight to detect their prey. * reproduce in salt water and grow to maturity in fresh water streams and lakes - saltwater and grow to maturity in freshwater streams and lakes * show a pattern of fiber type recruitment with swimming speed common to many fish. * tend to hide in crevices during the day with only their head visible. * then enter our rivers as small juveniles that are known as glass eels. * usually feed on living organisms like plankton - spend ten years in freshwater before returning to the sea to spawn
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eel: American eel * Most american eels absorb oxygen - have jaws * Some american eels have habitat requirements. * are catadromous - meaning they live their life in freshwater but breed in the ocean - economically very important to the East Coast and rivers where they travel - one of the most important commercial species - the primary catadromous species of interest to the United States - very widespread found upwards into Greenland down to southern Brazil * live in fresh water but swim to the ocean to lay their eggs. * range from Greenland to northern South America. Conger eel * Some conger eels have fins. * are long, snake-like fish that haunt crevices in rocky reefs and wrecks. * is an eel Elver * Some elvers remain in estuaries, but most migrate inland and mature into adult eels. * are eels in the first stage of life - young eels * become adults, with bigger heads and fatter bodies. * eventually enter rivers where they head upstream and develop into adults. * move upstream and find a suitable place to live, where they grow into adults. Freshwater eel * are prey to many birds and animals - usually sedentary * have a remarkable life cycle, which begins and ends in the ocean. * present no danger to humans. * return to the ocean to spawn. Gulper eel * Gulper Eels have wide jaws and what looks like an elastic stomach. * feed by expanding and engulfing prey in their pouchlike mouths.<|endoftext|>### eel: Moray * All morays are carnivorous and feed on either fish or moving invertebrates. * Some Morays are quite gregarious and thrive on communal living. * are capable of inflicting painful wounds, sometimes causing serious permanent injuries - carnivores - cuddlers * are nocturnal animals and usally stay in their holes during the day - hunters * can be quite efficient predators on a variety of prey. * continually open and close their mouths in order to pump water through their gills - mouths, showing off their impressive teeth * feed largely on other fish caught as they work their way through coral reefs. * find prey mostly by using a keen sense of smelll. * have a small, circular gill on each side of the head, well behind the mouth - few predators - large mouths with many teeth - muscular, snake-like bodies with thick skin - rows of small, short, needle-like teeth that angle in toward their throat - snake-like bodies and movements, but are actually fish * inhabit shallow inshore reefs and rocky coastlines. * is an eel * lurk in holes and crevices in rocky areas or on the coral reef. * occur in tropical and subtropical seas of the world. + Moray eel: Teleosts * Typically, moray eels grow to a length of about 1.5 metres. The largest known moray eel is the Slender giant moray, which can reach 4 metres in length. Moray eels live in coral reefs, at a depth of about 200m. These reefs are usually in tropical or subtropical waters. They spend most of their time inside deep cracks in rocks. Morays are carnivores. They prey on other fish, cephalopods, mollusks, and crustaceans. Groupers, other moray eels, and Barracudas are amongst their predators.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### eel: Moray eel * Many moray eels have limited vision and instead, they rely on a highly evolved sense of smell. * Most moray eels are very durable fish. * are a member of the eel family - among the most common of all eels - common, so are groupers, stingrays, eagle rays and a number of smaller reef fish - found in both deep and shallow waters in tropical and sub-tropical regions - most often harmless diving mates, and can even be friendly - predators to a large range of animals * are the only animals that use pharyngeal jaws to actively capture and restrain prey - top predators within their reef environment - true bony fishes with bodies highly modified to suit their life style - very aggressive when disturbed * eat fish, mollusks and other eels. * have poor eyesight and are usually nocturnal - skin that is scaleless, thick, camouflaged , and covered with protective mucus * hide in reef crevices while jacks, surgeons and barracuda school off the reef. * occur in all tropical and subtropical seas. * possess a menacing appearance, with their mouths constantly agape. * tend to mate when the water is warmest towards the end of the summer. Silver eel * Some silver eels return to oceans. * are caught as they migrate downstream, in stationery nets - by anglers in rivers, estuaries and beaches near to freshwater rivers - longer, thicker and take on a metallic black-bronze sheen with a pure white belly Swamp eel * are considered valuable food fish in Asia. * poke their heads out of the water and breathe air. * seem undaunted by explosives, which kill by rupturing air bladders of normal fish. Yellow eel * are caught in baited traps and trot lines - what divers often see writhing about in Florida's freshwater springs * inhabit the fresh and brackish waters of the Bay until they reach sexual maturity. Young eel * eat plankton, brine shrimp and other small forms of life. * inhabit coastal waters and at adulthood move to deeper waters. * use selective tidal stream transport to move up estuaries.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Effect * Some effects are produced by electricity - scorpion toxins - cause animal diseases - contribute to dehydration - refer to phenomena * Works A government consists of authorities with powers over a people. * affect ability - areas - productivity - selections * also depend on the health of a person or condition of the environment when exposure occurs. * alter effectiveness - population size structures * are caused by activities - contamination - human activities - impressions - meaning - natural effects and phenomena known in physics, chemistry, and geometry - personal properties * are produced by evaporation - forces - static descriptions of the dynamic behavior of expressions - symptoms - validity * associated with time distortion and even amnesia are common in our everyday lives. * can have effects - impact - negative impact - toxic effects - tremendous effects - wide range impact * cause degradations - depressions - happens * contribute to development - disappearances - variation * create patterns. * denotes the result of a process, event, or activity. * depend on ages - characteristics - conditions - environmental conditions - interaction - quality - seasons - weather conditions - upon conditions * drive responses. * ensure survival. * equal effects. * explain patterns. * go on for decades. * have applications - aspects - cascade effects - major impact - significant impact - term impact * impact development. * improve quality. * include accumulation - anxiety - congestion - death - drowsiness - growth * increase over time - years - production * indicate high potential * induce current. * influence absorption. * involve reaction - serious reaction * is usually a noun that means the result, or the change itself - what the audience sees, hears, feels and believes when a magician performs a trick * last for many years * may have effects - negative effects - positive effects * may have serious effects * noun meaning to bring to pass or to accomplish - that means a result * noun, meaning the result that is caused. * occur in arteries - brains - environments - individuals - small arteries * on weather. * play important roles * precede causes. * provide evidence * reduce blood pressure * require further investigations * result from immune stimulation - movement - in consequences * show evidence - similarity * user interface to Radiance. * will have huge impact ### effect: Acute effect * are adverse effects that occur immediately or shortly after exposure to a toxicant. * occur rapidly as the result of short term exposure, regardless of their severity - within hours or days of the time that a person consumes a contaminant<|endoftext|>### effect: Adverse effect * Some adverse effects are caused by radiation. * Some adverse effects associate with ingestion - tobacco smoke - occur from eating too much fat, including butter or margarine * are more likely to occur in birds or fish that eat other animals - primarily gastrointestinal upset at high doses - rare compared with pharmaceuticals - uncommon in horses - undesirable effects * can include weakness, nausea, skin rash, and hypersensitivity to light. * vary by drug type. + Adverse effect (medicine): Medicine * Some adverse effects happen only at the beginning or a change of a treatment. Allosteric effect * are important in the regulation of enzymatic reactions. * require the presence of two forms of the macromolecule. Biological effect * Some biological effects lead to modification. * associated with chemical contaminants are greatest in estuaries. Cardiovascular effect * Some cardiovascular effects are produced by scorpion toxins * are common side effects - less common but more serious - rare such as angina and tachycardia
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### effect: Centrifugal effect * is the push outward from the center of rotation. * tend to throw objects away from spinning bodies.<|endoftext|>### effect: Chronic effect * are gradual and occur through repeated exposure over an extended period of time - long term and persistent effects of chemical exposure - the results of an accumulated dose of radiation over longer periods of time * can be a result of exposure to multiple low-level doses. * develop over time from exposure to low levels of pesticides. * occur after some delay or after a long period of chronic exposure - weeks or years of exposure or long after initial exposure to PCBs * result from exposure to a substance over a period of weeks or years - over weeks or years Cool effect * Most cool effects are produced by evaporation. * make asteroids spin and rotate as they plummet towards the Earth. Cumulative effect * key determinant in the formulation of compensatory damages. * occur in altered growth, reproduction, tissue, and behavior. Dent * are blemishs - consequences - only depressions in the surface - the results of wood fibers being crushed and compressed * is an effect Depolarization - the signal that initiated contraction by the atrial myocardium - used to determine the nature of hydrometeors present * propagates through cardiac muscle very rapidly. * recombination of the positive and negative ions. Direct effect * are changes within the equestrian sector - the expenditures and jobs created by an industry within a county * refers to to the increase in clear-sky albedo. Ecological effect * can persist for long periods of time and over geographic areas large and small. * vary with flow fluctuations and channel morphology. Edge effect * alter effectiveness. * are spatial and temporal phenomena. * can significantly degrade a population's chances of survival. * reduce genetic diversity. * worsen the impact of deforestation, and are difficult to measure. Electrostatic effect * deal with high voltage at little or no current. * dominate the phase equilibria of ionic surfactant systems. Environmental effect * can and often do mimic genetic traits. * confound almost all inherited predispositions. * do influence the phenotypic expression of a quantitative trait. * incorporate potential for damage to plants, animals, and fish. * play roles. Extrapyramidal effect * are rare and usually appear only after prolonged therapy at high doses. * can include akathisia, dystonia, and, possibly, tardive dyskinesia. Founder effect * are another special form of genetic drift. * can also occur naturally as competing genetic lines die out. * is when a population is isolated. * occurs when individuals are transplanted to a new location. Gastrointestinal effect * Some gastrointestinal effects consist of nausea. * are due to direct corrosive effects on the mucosa. Genetic effect * are essentially long term in nature since they are manifested in offspring. * is the effects of radiation exposure manifested in the offspring of exposed parents.<|endoftext|>### effect: Health effect * Most health effects result from chronic exposure. * Some health effects are caused by air pollution - produced by food staples - occur in women * Some health effects relate to exposure - mold exposure - result from environmental exposure * are similar whether cyanides are breathed, ingested, or come in contact with skin. * get more severe as blood lead levels increase. * linked to low-dose exposure include brain cancer among nuclear industry workers. * vary with type of radiation. Indirect effect * are caused by activities - human activities - known to be important in structuring ecosystems * occur when the interaction between two species is influenced by a third species. Lake effect * result in rapidly changing weather patterns. * snows from Lake Erie are very rare.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### effect: Late effect * are side effects of treatment that occur months or years after the treatment has ended. * can occur in almost any tissue or organ of the body. Local effect * are seen at or near the body part or parts where exposure occurred. * occur at the area of the body which has been in contact with the chemical. Mass effect * can cause further damage by compressing and displacing delicate brain tissue. * is present with effacement of the overlying cortical sulci. Maternal effect * Most maternal effects depend on quality. * Some maternal effects produce offspring. * can influence offspring growth and development, and thus fitness. * govern variable dominance of two ABA response mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. * increase within-family variation in offspring survival. Negative effect * Some negative effects are produced by pollution. * extend to the children of pathological gamblers. * following changes in dietary patterns also indicate food patterns to be avoided. * increase over time. Network effect * have three implications for how competition works. * require that consumers derive value from others using the same network. Neurotoxic effect * depend on blood levels of cycloserine. * lead to organic brain damage. Physiological effect * are varied, but usually include excitability upon initial ingestion of drug. * linked with stress include ulcers, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Placebo effect * are a possibility in any research involving human behavior - positive effects due merely to a belief in the effectiveness of the medication - psychological effects - letter to the editor * can occur any time subjects believe in a treatment or experimental manipulation. * is the healing force of nature. Psychological effect * can be positive for some learners and negative for others - include nervousness, tension, anger and irritability * may have effects - positive effects * range from a sense of euphoria to panic and violent behavior - confusion and depression to severe anxiety and paranoia Recency effect * disappear when the context shifts. * occur at the end of a sequence.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### effect: Side effect * Many side effects are generally reversible by reducing the dosage or stopping the medication. * Most side effects are reversible and gradually disappear after a medication is stopped - transient and rapidly subside as the drug is metabolized and excreted - center on the nervous system- anxiety, hallucinations, dyskinesis, etc - improve rapidly with dosage reduction - show up in only a modest percentage of the people using a drug * Some side effects affect the nervous system. * Some side effects can affect the nervous system - include nervousness, headache, heart palpitations, and dizziness - cause birth defects - occur in dogs - reported in association with the use of triazolam appear to be dose related * affect ability. * are a combination of both estrogen and progesterone side effects - direct result of the killing of healthy cells - major hazard in the industrialized world - problem for some women with all hormonal treatments - rise in blood pressure and body temperature as well as an increase in anxiety - sign that a medicinal has caused an imbalance in a tissue, organ, or function - also a central issue with the use of testosterone as a libido medication * are any effects other than the therapeutic effect - undesired actions or effects of a drug or treatment * are common - some drugs cause hair loss, nausea, and low blood cell counts - in almost all drugs * are common with antipsychotic drugs - most pain medicines * are common, as with many of the sulfa drugs - especially dermatitis, agranulocytosis and peripheral neuropathy - consequences * are extremely rare and there is no known toxic level of chondroitin sulphate - with natural progesterone - generally limited to the region of the body being treated - less severe when dosage is increased slowly - more common in children taking high doses of inhaled steroids - much less common with inhaled corticosteroids - often worse when a particular drug is first started and lessen over time - possible in people who have sensitive stomachs - primarily related to hyperthermia, resulting from impaired temperature regulation - rare, but encephalitis has been reported in infants - undesirable symptoms caused by drugs - unintended or undesirable reactions to medications - unwanted changes in our bodies which sometimes happen when taking medicine * arise because genes function in a coordinated manner with other genes. * associated with argatroban include gastrointestinal and genitourinary bleeding - bupivacaine are systemic toxicity from high blood levels of the drug - opiates can range from mild to severe - tars include folliculitis and, occasionally, photosensitivity * can also be more severe when drugs with similar side effects are used together - be a concern for people who regularly use pain relievers or have health problems * can include fatigue, insomnia and, in men, impotence - incontinence, impotence and blood loss - liver tumors, high blood pressure, wild mood swings, and violent behavior - strokes, allergic reactions and infections - ulcer disease and gastrointestinal or other bleeding * cause some people to stop taking the medicines. * caused by reactions to sulfa-containing drugs can include rash and fever. * center on liver dysfunction and alterations in white blood cells. * depend mostly on the amount of radiation and the part of the body that is treated. * depend on the type of treatment and on the part of the body being treated - used and on the part of the body being treated - treatments used for diabetes - upon the drugs used and the person's age and general health * do occur in some people taking methotrexate. * include death - drowsiness * increase with the dose and duration of metoclopramide. * is an effect * occur because any living tissue is sensitive to radiation - more frequently when steroids are taken over long periods of time at high doses * seen with irofulven are common to most other chemotherapeutic agents. * tend to be more common when a drug is just started or a major change in dosage is made. * vary from one class of antidepressants to another.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### effect | spillover: Glutamate spillover * mediates excitatory transmission in the rat olfactory bulb. * suppresses inhibition by activating presynaptic mGluRs. Teratogenic effect * are also possible at very high doses - possible for ether and ethyl alcohol * cause abnormal fetal development. Thermal effect * are in direct proportion to the field strength or power density. * can generate spurious voltages. * dominate the precision of pointing and focussing. * is utilized primarily at low wind speed.<|endoftext|>### effect: Toxic effect * Some toxic effects cause health problems - come from repeated exposure, over a long period of time * are always reversible once medications are discontinued - generally limited to the cardiovascular and central nervous systems - usually reversible once medications are discontinued - visible both in humans and animals * described in animals include nonspecific effects before death. * incorporate changes in behaviour patterns to mortality. * involve the kidney and central nervous system. * occur in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. * result in poisoning or damage. * show up sooner in birds because their generational succession is faster-paced. Wake * are reception - waves * flow are a classical topic in fluid dynamics. * is an autokey stream cipher ### effect | wake: Boat wake * contribute to shoreline erosion. * is caused by several things. Wallop * are blows. * is an effect<|endoftext|>### effective discipline technique: Physical punishment * can be emotionally harmful to children - harmful physically, emotionally and socially * harms the child physically and emotionally. * has no place in disciplining children. * is an effective discipline technique - applied routinely when players break training rules * is bad for a child's development * stop unwanted behavior only for a short time. * teaches that violence is an acceptable way to solve problems. * tends to repeat in families. ### effective insect repellant: Pennyroyal oil * contains many natural insect repellents. * is an effective insect repellant - oil - thought to induce uterine contractions via stimulation of beta-receptors<|endoftext|>### effective rot preservative: Ethylene glycol * can also contaminate groundwater. * clear, colorless, and sweet tasting liquid. * is an effective rot preservative - antifreeze - chemical compounds - converted to glycoaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase - moderately toxic - produced commercially almost exclusively by the hydration of ethylene oxide * is the main component of antifreeze and coolants - most common component of automobile radiator antifreeze - primary ingredient in antifreeze and other coolants * is used as an antifreeze - in making common antifreeze - to remove water from natural gas<|endoftext|>Effectiveness * Is The Measure Of Truth. * depends on availability - factors - survival * function of both production and the capacity to produce. * is associated with specific conditions of schooling - defined by a quality of life for all citizens that is free of crime - determined by the number of organisms killed - how well a job is done, whereas efficiency refers to the ratio of output to input * is measured by social, emotional, and academic progress - the compatibility of client's behavior with the established goals * is measured in levels of response - terms of graduate abilities to apply what was taught - related to the openness and receptivity of the user - that link to the natural world * is the belief that our prayers have power over everything - degree to which system objectives are achieved - extent to which a goal, or task, is achieved - measure of truth * refers to goal attainment - the ability to accomplish a goal * relates to doing the right things. * seems to be inversely related to the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### effectiveness: Cost effectiveness * central issue in scientifically designed forest resource inventories. * compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results. * is an issue in any disease - the ratio of revenue generated to resources used * relates to maximizing funding - getting the most for a dollar. * second type of cost analysis.<|endoftext|>### effectiveness: Efficacy * Connecticut-based organization advocating drug policy reform. * Efficacies are effectiveness. * is effectiveness - measured in terms of pest numbers, damage, and cull rate at harvest * is the measurement of the consequences of two or more comparable interventions - stimulatory power of the drug on the receptor * measure of a lamp's energy efficiency - the efficiency of a lamp in producing visible light * occurs in the absence of antiviral activity and confounding by antiviral agents. * refers to the potential maximum therapeutic response that a drug can produce. Military effectiveness * is founded on traditions of conformity and unit cohesion. * matter of leaders and tactics. Organizational effectiveness * increases efficiency and productivity. * involves interpersonal communication. * is contingent upon people performance. ### egg laying animals: Oviparous animal * Most oviparous animals have different requirements. * are egg laying animals - egg-layers - slightly different requirements during reproductive cycles ### eggs: Chicken egg * are eggs - multi-cellular organisms * have hard shells. * range in color from white to pale brown and other pale colors.<|endoftext|>### egyptian number: Rational number * All rational number are algebraic. * All rational numbers are reals, of course - give decimal parts that either terminate or recur * Every rational number has a decimal representation that has a repeating component - is an egyptian number. * In mathematics, a 'rational number' number that can be written as a fraction. Rational numbers are all real numbers, and can be positive or negative. A number that is not rational is called irrational * approximate irrational to any degree of accuracy. * are all real numbers , and can be positive or negative - ratios of integers, sometimes called 'fractions' * have the type designation rat. * is real * require the child to make a shift to relative thinking. ### elastic too: Biological tissue * Some biological tissue produces heat. * are elastic too. ### elections: Direct election * are elections. * pre-condition to full political equality in presidential elections. Electric switch * Many electric switches work from the electromagnet principle. * is control<|endoftext|>### electrical components: Display screen * Most display screens have hundreds of thousands of pixels. * are electrical components + Thin film transistor liquid crystal display, Resolution, Rendering: Display technology :: Television technology :: Computer science :: Electronics * Most display screens have hundreds of thousands of pixels. To make a clear picture, the screen might need to make millions of calculations. Any group of pixels that change to the same colour can be changed with one calculation, making the calculations much smaller. For example, if the picture to display was just a white screen, the screens processor would only calculate the colour once and use the same calculation for the whole screen. Changing one pixel at a time would take many more calculations. If the same picture was shown many times on the screen, the processor would calculate the picture once and then repeat it in whatever position and in different sizes, if needed. Electrical wire * Every electrical wire is made up of two wires a hot wire and a neutral wire. * Most electrical wire has low resistance - is made of copper * are color coded to prevent wiring errors. * can fall, causing loss of electricity and heat. * is electrical components
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### electrical components: Electronic component * Most electronic components contain a single integrated circuit embedded in a plastic package. * Most electronic components have negative resistance * Some electronic components contain lead - produce light - electronic devices - products * prefer to be at a constant temperature.<|endoftext|>### electrical conduction: Superconductivity * allows currents to flow with no dissipation, and with no waste of energy - electricity to flow through a conductor without resistance * always involves oxygen. * fascinating and challenging field of physics. * involves a few pairs of electrons interacting at relatively large distances - pairing of electrons, which are fermions * is but one attribute of the hyperspatial - characterized by a resistanceless flow of electrical current - electrical conduction - neutrino motion in frozen matter - reduced in the static stripe phase - the property of some materials to conduct electricity without resistance - used in ways like transmitting more information on a smaller wire - when materials loose all electrical resistivity at low temperatures * occurs in the shaded horizontal planes. * occurs when certain inorganic compounds are doped with alien metals - electrons move virtually without resistance through special materials * phenomenon that occurs in metals at very low temperatures. * physical state in which all electrical resistance vanishes. * rules the world. * very subtle phenomena. * well known phenomenon among physicists. ### electrical devices: Electrical component * Most electrical components contain substances - toxic substances * Some electrical components are in part made of such plastic. * are electrical devices - parts * have dangerous, potentially lethal voltages inside.<|endoftext|>### electrical devices: Tesla coil * are electrical devices - extremely dangerous and have killed three people - popular science projects because they do bizarre things - strange devices - they shoot electricity off into the air - transformers - unique in the fact that they create extremely powerful electrical fields - very popular devices among certain electrical engineers and electronics enthusiasts * can and have started a number of fires. * is an apparatus for generating very high frequency currents at high potential. * use and produce extraordinarily high voltages and currents - high voltage electricity<|endoftext|>### electrical noise problem: Corona * also develops around pine needles, masts, and lightning rods during thunderstorms. * can also eat away at the dielectric, weakening it - form in air bubbles between plates and cause localised heating * causes degradation of electrical insulation and emission of ozone and nitrogen oxide. * creates interesting astronomical effects, such as solar flares or clouds. * destroys the magnet wire insulation, a common cause of failure in neon transformers. * is an electrical noise problem - only a few degrees in radius, hence, is far smaller than a halo - similar to a simple glow, but it adds flares that resemble spikes in some other filters - sold in individual bottles for about the price of a cheap bottle of wine * is the fastest growing community in Southern California - outermost layer of sun's atmosphere - visible at night as a luminous glow close to the conductors * light lager often drunk with a lime. * moggie and luvs to cuddle. * place where strangers become friends and friends become like family. * shows no signs of slowing down. * starts at a very definite voltage.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Electricity * Most electricity affects magnetism. * Most electricity comes from burn fuel - burning fossil fuels - coal, nuclear reactors, and large hydropower facilities - coal-burning power plants - energy sources - multiple sources - renewable sources - the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas - consists of voltage - creates heat - depends on power - drives electric motors - enters homes * Most electricity flows from power sources - into resistors * Most electricity flows through bulbs - circuits - close circuits - tiny wire - to bulbs * Most electricity generates energy - has effects * Most electricity is created with a turbine generator - derived from hydroelectric power and coal - generated by batteries * Most electricity is generated by burning coal, gas or oil - fossil fuels like coal and oil - photovoltaic power stations - thermal power - made by burning fossil fuels like coal, gas or oil - nuclear from two RBMK, i.e. Chernobyl type, reactors * Most electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels such as coal or gas - conversions - small diesel generators - utilities that are government-regulated monopolies - using fossil fuels, such as coal, oil or natural gas * Most electricity is used by appliances - large appliances * Most electricity passes through gases * Most electricity produces forces - magnetic forces - relates to charge - takes paths - travels from power plants along overhead wires called transmission lines - used in Australia is produced at power plants * Most electricity uses effects - in homes * Some electricity also comes from large hydroelectric dams. * Some electricity causes death - pain * Some electricity comes from coal * Some electricity comes from power plants - consists of movement - depends on friction * Some electricity flows into bulbs - through filament - goes through hearts - has voltage * Some electricity is created by flow water - made out of coal * Some electricity is produced by aquatic creatures * Some electricity is produced by nuclear plants - run water - windmills * Some electricity is used by heaters - space heaters - loses energy - moves through water * Some electricity reduces air pollution - refers to energy - runs motors * Some electricity uses alloy - in schools - nuclear fuel * accounts for about one-third of the production price of aluminum - one-third of the cost of producing aluminum * acts differently than on Earth. - our personal, social and economic well-being * also generates heat as it flows through most objects - needs to flow and requires a circuit to allow electrons to flow - powers modern life-saving medical equipment - travels through water * always behaves in a prescribed and uniform manner - seeks every available path to ground through conductors - takes the shortest way to the ground - tries to reach the ground * appears in several different forms, one of which is static electricity. * arises between the positive and negative polarities. * arrives at our homes through wires from the places where it is made. * basic building block of economic growth - element of life - glue which holds atoms, our bodies and our worlds together - infrastructure - part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy * begins mostly at large dams and waterfalls, and some nuclear plants. * breaks down the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen gases. * burns the tissues. * can be a potent fire source - dangerous for humans - dangerous, especially in the damp conditions of a tent or in the open air - very expensive during the summer because of air conditioning - cause cardiac arrest - come down a metal ladder at the speed of light - damage nerves causing unconsciousness, paralysis, brain damage and other problems - drive complex devices from stereos to electron microscopes - electrocute people if they touch live wires - flow easily from one lead to the other * can flow through a closed circuit - metal or water to cause serious injury - the water without heating it - form - without ice crystals - instantaneously destroy tissue - kill - move around a circuit in two different ways - pass through objects, people and animals to reach the ground - power huge motors and can create heat * can produce light and heat - magnetism, and magnetism can produce electricity - run appliances and illuminate light bulbs * can travel in either direction through a wire * causes electrocutions. * comes from a place called a power plant - coal burning generators which produces far more emissions than natural gas - many sources - power plants that burn coal or oil - mainly from nuclear, hydro, and national coal - through the wires in impulses * conducts better in some materials because of electron mobility. * consists of the flow of electrons through a conductor such as an electric wire - movement of negatively charged electrons * deals with commercial and industrial electrical systems as well. - upon the flow of electrons * difficult substance to appreciate with the human senses. * easily runs through water, and charged water can be lethal. * enables the global real-time network for communication, finance, and trade. * energizes the plasma in the main chamber of the thruster. * features hands-on electrical circuits with flashlight bulbs, wires, and batteries. * flow of electrons moving in the same direction * flowing through a circuit is called a current - the wire causes it to heat up * flows along copper or sometimes aluminum wiring that's inside the walls - between two points of different electrical potential * flows from negative to positive - positive to negative terminal of a battery - the power source, in a loop or a circuit, back to the power source - just like water flows through water lines * flows more easily through some materials than others - than through others - only when it completes a circuit - or moves through some things better than others do * flows through a material carried by electrons, tiny charged particles inside atoms - thin wire in the light bulb called the filament - an electric motor in a fan, causing the fan's blades to turn - any electric conducting material * flows through some materials very easily - objects better than others - substances more easily than others - the nerves in our bodies the same way electricity flows through a wire * flows when a battery is connected to an object like a watch, toy, or flashlight - circuit is complete * follows paths. * force of nature and it is used in man's daily life, in every field of energy. * form of energy as a result of electrons and positive ions separating. * form of energy that starts with atoms - travels in a circuit - nuclear energy * fundamental force of nature, analogous to gravity - part of our daily modern lives * generated by large wind turbines is competitive with natural gas generation - the fuel cell is used to power an electric motor that drives the vehicle - from small hydropower plants is fed into the national electricity grid * gives light and makes power to run all kinds of materials. * going through the heart makes the cells contract. * great power source to make our daily lives better. * has a long history of therapeutic use in medicine - wicking effect on copper that draws corrosion in - advantage - characteristics - impact - limit ranges - little to do with common sense - noticeable effects * has the ability to do work - potential to injure and kill * heats a wire in the absence of oxygen, causing it to glow white hot - the gases to re-entry temperatures * helps make living and working in the home easy, safe and fun - every day. * includes hydro generation and imports from other states. * is able to pass through electrolytes, as well as molten salts - about one-third the production price of aluminum * is actually a flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons, or ions - the flow or movement of electrons through a material - all solar, water is caught from the roof and filtered - almost as fundamental to our industrial society as air and water * is also a lot less expensive than gasoline - of paramount importance for the sexual life, and thus for the reproduction - very powerful and can be dangerous if used improperly - always a danger for children * is an essential component of modern life - source of energy on farms - excellent source of energy that is safe for the atmosphere - extremely inefficient form of heating - important part of our everyday lives - integral component of our modern economy - on-demand commodity - applied to the base of the light bulb and forced through the filament - at the root of American culture - blocked from flowing through a diode in the other direction - built up and then discharged by a spark - capable of shocks - carried from the electrodes through the skin and blocks the pain * is carried to appliances and machines by wires concealed in walls, floors, and ceilings - the motor by thin wires approximately the size of a human hair * is caused by flowing electrons - the movement of electric particles in matter - tiny particles with negative charges, called electrons - charged by meter reading - composed of electrons as rain is composed of water drops - conducted because the ions are free to move through the solution * is conducted by copper far better than aluminium - electrons which can hop from one site to the other - in a crystal by electrons that are relatively free * is conducted through the body and measured - passage of electrically charged ions or atoms - whenever charge moves from one place to another - consumed to produce oxygen from air * is created at hundreds of generation plants across the country - by generators - inside a power plant * is created when electrons move between atoms - ions are available within a solution to carry an electrical charge - the rotor inside a generator rotates - cut off for hours each day - derived from thermal and hydroelectric sources - distributed on a grid system - electricity, regardless of how it's generated or who generates it - electrons in motion - essential for significant economic growth * is essential to modern life, both at home and on the job - supporting human life in space - everywhere - expensive and is often uncleanly generated - expressed magnetism, magnetism is folded electricity - fast and ephemeral - fast, but light is even faster - from solar photovoltaic cells * is generated by batteries * is generated by solar energy and waste is treated using biodigestors - panels and stored in batteries - the sun, with timers and sensors to maximize efficiency - by, among other things, processed sewage - from dusk to an early lights-out - in thermal plants using imported petroleum - mainly by hydroelectric and thermal power stations * is generated when the heated fluid drives turbines or other machinery - wind blows - with a significant reduction in fuel consumption - inanimate objects * is invisible, but it source of vast power - intangible - itself a form of fire - just as essential as oxygen - life-giving - like the fluid * is located in basements - bedrooms - buildings - churchs - concerts - operas - rest areas - toy stores * is made in power stations by burning coal, oil and gas * is made of electrons - matter and all matter is made of atoms - on a large scale in a power generating plant - or generated - up of electrons, a fundamental part of the atom - made, or generated, at power plants - madwort and provides all motive power - mainly thermal, with some hydropower * is measured by kilowatt- hours - kilowatt-hours - in units of power called watts - more expensive abroad - needed to run lights, computers, mechanical valves and machinery * is nothing but energy - more than free electrons moving from atom to atom through a material * is one of the basic forms of energy - fastest growing energy carriers within the developing world * is one of the most dynamic and widespread energy sources in the hemisphere - important forms of energy in our world today - operated by photovoltaics * is our cheapest form of energy, apart from domestic solar - most familiar source of energy - poised to become the dominant form of energy in the next millennium - potentially the most dangerous commodity in general use by the public today - produced and sent in power wires to where it is needed * is produced as the aluminum oxidizes - magnets of the rotors spin past the stationary wiring of the stator * is produced by a device called a turbine - burning coal, which heats water to make steam - dynamos - modified muscle cells - thermal, hydroelectric, and a minority of nuclear power plants - turning water to steam that is fed to turbines - wind and solar energy * is produced from a power source - variety of energy sources * is produced from the energy in water flowing from a high level to a lower level - locked within the nucleus of an atom * is produced in a generating plant - three major ways - thermally by private firms and mining companies - when a magnetic field moves past a coiled wire - produced, without combustion, and is used to power the vehicle - prominent where guitars and keyboards are involved - provided by solar power and used for lightning, refrigeration and water pressure - really the movement of electrons * is related to magnetism - the concept of charge - released as the stored energy is consumed - self-generated and scarce - sent on wires * is simply electrons traveling through a wire - hundreds of tiny little people running through wires and cables * is solar powered and recycled - supplying American and Fiji power - sold by means of market hourly clearing prices for specified amounts of electricity - supplied to the heart by an electrical coil implanted beneath the patient's skin - tangible personal property and is characterized as such in the law * is the cleanest and most efficient energy source - cleanest, most efficient source of energy in commercial use - currency of the digital age - economic lifelines - equal opportunity medium that brings diverse energy sources to market * is the flow of electrons from one point to another - through a conductive material - energy along a wire or through a conductor - negatively-charged particles - generative force - invisible glue that holds techno music together - kinetic energy of flowing electrons between atoms * is the largest cost input in the process of making that grade of paper - energy source in most facilities - life blood of the modern economy - lifeblood of the information economy * is the most common energy source, and it is very powerful - type of energy used to run machinery - versatile energy source * is the movement of charge back and forth - oxygen of the Internet - passing of energy from one electron to another down wires from a power-station - power force of the universe - predominant form of heating fuel, followed by natural gas - principal force that powers modern society - pulse of modern society - safest, cleanest and most cost-efficient fuel available - same as lightning * is the science of studying the flow of electrical currents - which pertains to electric charges and currents - second most common heat source - top driver for energy use - type of energy that is invisible - there inside physical matter - transmitted over long distances via high voltage power lines - urban heavy and light rail mass transit systems and in some rail corridors * is used for lighting and heating or cooling of our homes - many hours in the day from a standard power point - navigation and capturing prey - warm food - in many different ways, all of which can become far more efficient * is used to both pump the fluid through the cycle and blow the cooled air into the home - energize the crystals so they allow more or less light through - fuse the modified cell and the oocyte - generate oxygen and hydrogen from water - illuminate cells of inert gas stored in the display panel * is used to power equipment, as well as to light facilities - mechanical and computer equipment in buildings - their vehicle - produce light, heat, power, etc - run compressors of various types - very widely - useful both in itself and as a means of transferring energy over long distances - very useful because it can be converted into many kinds of energy - vibrations or radiation - vital to the quality of life in the Carolinas * is, similarly, an energy. * keeps fading and generally stays at candle level - the smoke in * key element in the development of industrialised nations - to survival * kind of energy, and so is heat. * luxury in many parts of the world. * made by nuclear power plants is called nuclear power. * major cause of building fires. * makes a thin wire in a light bulb so hot that it glows - many things possible in our daily lives - porous silicon glow - the gas release invisible u ltraviolet energy - up the second source of home heating, but on a scale of half that of natural gas * means electrical energy obtained from power stations and used in transport - stations n.a * measures in volts * moves faster in space - from places * moves through nanowires very differently from ordinary electrical wires - the wires very fast - well through wires and water * moving stream of electrical charges. * naturally flows from the source of generation to the nearest user - moves through the easiest path it can find * necessity of life - to modern civilization * normal thing, as normal as the outages during thunderstorms. * obeys the laws of physics. * occasionally can travel through phone lines. * occurs in a natural state as lightning and in the form of static electricity. * often leaves entry and exit burns. * only runs at certain times during the day - of the day * passes through a magnetron tube to produce microwaves * passing through a coil of wires creates a magnetic force. * physical phenomena involving positive and negative charge * plays a central role in the supply of energy. * plays a major role in our everyday life - the development process - very important role in our daily life * plays a vital role in every swimming pool and spa system - the set-up and maintaining of computer systems - an important role in every business - no role in neural transmission process * powerful energy source - force in all our lives * powers everything from coffee makers to computers * powers our televisions, video games, computers, cooks our food and plays our music - world and our bodies * produced by commercial nuclear power reactors is clean power. - heat, heat produces electricity - light, heat and sound - two types of fields * provides comfort, safety, entertainment, and productivity for our society - the nerves, muscles and even eyes which make our world function * repels the same kind and attracts the opposite kind of electricity. * requires the movement of electrical charges. * results from the electrical charges of sub-atomic particles. * runs at only certain times of the day - through a tungsten filament that glows and produces a soft, warm light * secondary energy source. * seems to have produced that kind of change in almost every field. * still takes time to travel between electronics components. * stored in a battery is an example of electrical potential energy. * surrounds the globe in a single mesh. * tends to be provided by a single company in each geographical area. * travels a foot in a nanosecond. * travels at the speed of light - best through conductors - path called a circuit - closed circuits, normally through a conductor - more evenly over the entire cross section of the conductor * travels through a path called an electric circuit - either analog or digital signals - with higher strength through higher density knot wood than through clear wood * travelss through wire. * triggers energy - explosive energy - the movement in the diaphragm, acting as a cone, but just flat * type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to another. * unique commodity. * usually flows through conductors. * very powerful form of energy that travels in a path called a circuit - useful form of energy * vital commodity in a vulnerable market - product to sustain our quality of life and economy * wants to flow from a higher voltage to a lower voltage. * wonderfully versatile form of energy. * works because electric charges push and pull on each other - best when the root is moist as opposed to keritanized - like the human body + Earthship * An Earthship does not require external support to sustain itself. Instead, it is built to use resources available from its natural surroundings. For example, windows are placed so that sunlight is shone inside the house to be used for heating. Electricity is generated by solar panels and stored in batteries. The roofing collects rainwater that is filtered and used for drinking and various household activities such as cooking and washing. + Electricity, Electric current - Electricity in physics * Electricity works because electric charges push and pull on each other. Similar charges repel each other. This means that if you put two positive charges close together and let them go, they would move apart. Two negative charges also repel. But different charges attract each other. This means that if you put a positive charge and a negative charge close together, they would smack together - Methods of generating electricity + Electrology: Hair :: Medical procedures * Electrology' is an electrical process to remove human hair so that it does not grow back. An electrologist is sometimes called an electrolysist in the United Kingdom. The process of removing the hair is referred to as electrolysis. The electrolysist slides a thin metal probe into each hair follicle. This, if done the right way, does not hurt the skin. Electricity flows to the follicle through the probe. This causes damage to the areas that grow hair so that it does not grow back. + Heart, Heart's Pacemaker: Anatomy of the cardiovascular system * When they get smaller we also say they 'contract'. Electricity going through the heart makes the cells contract. The SA Node is a group of cells in the right atria. These cells start an 'electrical impulse'. This electrical impulse travels through the atria making them contract. This motion is called 'atrial systole'. The AV Node makes the impulse slow down. + Kaltjiti, South Australia: Towns in South Australia :: Indigenous Australian communities :: Pitjantjatjara :: 1934 establishments * Mail is delivered to Kaltjiti twice a week. Supplies are delivered every two weeks. Water is provided from four bores and placed in storage tanks for pumping to the community. Electricity comes from a diesel generator. Kaltjiti does not have a permanent police presence. State police are based at Marla and run patrols to the area. + Nuclear power plant: Power plants :: Nuclear energy * A 'nuclear power plant' is a place where people make electricity using heat from nuclear reactions. A nuclear power plant has a place where the nuclear reaction makes heat, called a reactor. The plant also has machines which remove heat from the reactor to operate a steam turbine and generator to make electricity. Electricity made by nuclear power plants is called nuclear power. + Pipalyatjara, South Australia * There is a small airstrip at Pipalyatjara. Mail is delivered once per week by air. Electricity comes from a diesel generator. Water comes from two bores and placed in storage tanks for pumping to the community. There is a school in Pipalyatjara, which also serves nearby Kalka. + Salt: Chemical compounds * Mixtures of salts in water are called electrolytes. Electricity is able to pass through electrolytes, as well as molten salts. * Electricity arrives at our homes through wires from the places where it is made. It is used by electric lamps for producing light, electric heaters to produce heat, etc. It is also used by many devices such as washing machines, electric cookers, etc. for doing work. In factories, electricity is used for running machines and computers. + Wire: Hardware (mechanical) :: Electrical wiring * Wire' is a long, thin and flexible piece of metal. Electricity can travel through a wire. They are all different shapes and sizes.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### electricity: Current electricity * flow of negative charges through a conductor in a closed circuit. * has a lower voltage and a higher current than static electricity. * is electric charge in motion * stream of electron s flowing through a conductor. * works for people.<|endoftext|>### electricity: Hydroelectricity * Hydroelectricities are electricity. * is as renewable and abundant as our water - cheap to produce - once the dams are built * is electricity - obtained from hydropower - one of the lowest cost forms of energy for the American electricity consumer - safe, clean, reliable and inexpensive - very powerful , safe and produces no waste * requires water to fall on a turbine and make it rotate. * valuable source of power. + Hydroelectricity, Advantages of hydroelectricity: Technology :: Hydropower * The way the electricity is produced does not harm the environment as much as fossil fuels like oil or coal. Hydroelectricity is very powerful, safe and produces no waste. Hydroelectricity can be made very quickly. This makes it useful for times when demand for electricity is high. Also hydroelectricity can not run out as long as there is a good water supply. Once the dam is built the electricity is free, no waste or pollution produced and electricity can be generated constantly. Mains electricity * can kill. * differs in two main ways to the electricity produced by batteries. Solar electricity * can also go directly to the motor when the car is running. * is indeed one of the most survivable energy technologies - the conversion of sunlight into electricity - used to power the water pumps * mitigates the risk of fuel-price volatility and improves grid reliability. * produces absolutely no emissions.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### electricity: Static electricity * Some static electricity attracts paper - consists of movement - depends on friction * accumulates because an insulator prevents the accumulated electrons from flowing. * builds up due to the relative movement of non-conductors - more in cold and dry places * can actually burn out an entire semiconductor-based system - also be useful in new technology - briefly exceed maximum safe forward currents even if barely noticed - build up on almost any material * can cause deterioration of surface finish - explosions and fires - razor cuts - sparks - damage a computer's electronic components - destroy memory, and the pins are easily bent - kill anything with a chip on it without leaving any trace - permanently damage computer parts of any type - start fires when flammables are transferred from one container to another * causes damage which produce intermittent errors that are hard to diagnose. * consists of electric charges that collect on the outside of a surface. * constant hazard in many production facilities and maintenance areas. * develops when the dust particles constantly rub the plastic surface. * fact of nature. * is also a form of ignition - to do with electrons - an electric charge built up in one place * is an electrical charge at rest - on the surface of an object - excess of electric charge trapped on the surface of an object - imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material - under-appreciated form of energy - another concern with computers - created as the air flows through the filter * is created when an object gives up or gains electrons - electrons and protons are separated by a large distance * is electricity at rest, rather than an active electric current - everywhere - experienced during seasons when the air is dry - formed when many surface contacts are made between two objects * is generated as their shoe soles contact and separate from the floor surface - whenever two materials are in contact with each other - harmful to circuits - high voltage electricity with a low current * is more active when the air and materials are dry - common in the winter, because the air is often dry - of a problem when humidity is low - most noticeable with non-conductive materials - observed only in insulators - one of two types of electricity - produced by water drops falling through metal rings * is produced when some materials are rubbed together - two dissimilar materials are rubbed together - quite common in modern buildings - something everyone has come up against - specifically a problem during periods of low humidity - stored in rain clouds * is the accumulation of an electrical charge in an object - build up of negatively or positively charged particles * is the build-up of a charge of either electrons or protons on a material - electrons waiting for a path to allow a flow of current - cause of lightning * is the imbalance of positive and negative charges - negative electric charges - key to any kind of lightning - mortal enemy of microchips - study of electric charges and the way they separate and combine * occurs anytime two dissimilar objects come together and then separate. * phenomenom that takes many forms. * phenomenon caused by electric charges at rest. * produces an electrical arc when it discharges. * refers to the charges that often build up on or around our bodies. * result of objects being electrically charged through friction. * surface phenomenon. * type of electricity produced when objects gain or lose negative charges. * well-known phenomenon. Wireless electricity * is best where someone needs to provide a lot of power at a constant rate. * uses both steps to transfer energy.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Electron * All electrons are identical to one another in mass, charge, spin, and magnetic moment - in the lowest possible energy levels * All electrons contain energy - the same amount of energy * All electrons have a negative charge - relative minus one charge - equal probability to absorb a photon * All electrons have the same amount of energy - mass and charge * Every electron is infinite in the uncollapsed state - therefore a very tiny magnet, because electrons carry charge and they spin * Investigate some of the things that make electrons. * Many electrons pass undisturbed through a target. * More electrons leads to more repulsion between electrons which leads to a larger valence shell - means a negative charge and fewer means a positive charge - shrink an atom, less electrons allows an atom to grow in size * Most electrons are paired, so their fields cancel. * Some electrons are closer to the nucleus than others - go through the insulator, it's much like a resistor * absorb and emit photons during their interactions. * act like particles in some situations and like waves of energy in others * allow atoms to interact with one another. * also exist independently and are responsible for many electric effects in materials - orbit around the nucleus of an atom * always prefer the path of lowest impedance. * appear to be point like particles called leptons. * are a part of all atoms and make rays which are emitted by hot bodies - the atom that carries a negative electric charge - well-known example that are found in ordinary matter * are able to jump from one band to another - move in an electrical circuit because - actually where energy comes from - added further from the nucleus, there is less attraction * are also important for the bonding of individual atoms together - to electricity - are neither particles nor waves alone, but both at the same time - arranged around atoms in a special way - as observable as elephants - attracted to the nucleus by the positive charge of the protons - basic constituents of atoms - bent in one direction while protons and positrons veer off the other way - birds - carriers of energy, in the form of electric charge - charged, light particles and their penetration into solids is very limited - contained in shells around the nucleus - degenerate - easier to recycle than paper - either effectively or actually transfered reductant to the oxidant * are electrically negative and have a charge equal in magnitude to that of a proton - the protons are electrically positive charges - electrons, unlike different printing presses - elementary particles - even smaller than atoms - excited and leave the oxidized chlorophyll * are extremely lightweight and are negatively charged - exist in a cloud orbiting the nucleus - small compared to all of the other parts of the atom - fermions, which is why they form ordered shells around the nucleus of an atom - fired into a linac, or straight accelerator - forbidden from other energy levels - found in clouds that surround the nucleus of an atom - fundamental particles - heavier than protons - heavy and slow compared to photons - held in their shells by an electrical force - just ordinary particles moving at ordinary speeds - known to fall into orbits or energy levels - light particles with negative electric charge * are located at fixed distances from the nucleus, called energy levels - in atoms - low-mass particles which carry a negative electrical charge - many magnitudes smaller than the nucleus - members of the lepton family of particles * are much smaller than neutrons and protons - protons and neutrons - negative and neutrons are neutral * are negative particles that are attracted to positively charged particles called protons - whizz around the positive nucleus of an atom - so the zinc is negative while the copper is positive - negatively charged particles - negatively-charged and therefore flow from negative to positive * are outside the nucleus, and determine properties of the atom - part of irons - particles which are too small to ever be observed directly - particles, but they behave like waves - parts of atoms - physically larger than protons * are present in all atoms in shells around the nucleus - the region of space outside the nucleus - pushed through a wire by the voltage * are released in the light-dependent reactions when water is split to form oxygen gas - through water splitting which releases oxygen as waste - responsible for conduction in solids - shifted in two directions on a CCD, called the parallel or serial direction - shuttled between proteins, generating energy along the way * are small particles within the atom - sub-atomic particles that orbit the nucleus of all atoms * are smaller and move around in the electron cloud - so small that they have relatively little mass - stripped from water in the light reactions of photosynthesis * are subatomic particles that have a negative electric charge - with a negative electrical charge * are the binding materials holding molecules together - carriers for electricity - essence of energy in the body - glue that holds groups of atoms together - heaviest particles in an atom - lightest particles that have an electric charge - main carriers - negatively charged particles of atom - particles that carry the current in an electrical conductor - primary charge carriers in electric current - purest and cleanest reagents in the world - raw stuff of electricity - same way * are the smallest and lightest and are said to be negatively charged - of the the three particles and they have a negative charge - particles of electricity - stuff that makes electricity - subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom - very lightweight, negatively charged bits that buzz around the edges of an atom - time forward entities - tiny charged particles that are part of an atom * are tiny particles in any atom - that are smaller than atoms - within atoms that have a minute electric charge - tiny, negatively-charged atomic particles - transferred from one molecule to another - used to transfer heat energy as well as electric charge * are very important in the world of electronics - light compared to protons and neutrons - small objects - very, very small - what actually move in a circuit * are, in a sense, tiny particles of electricity - simultaneously, waves and particles * attract protons from other sources. * become excited when light quanta penetrates into the P layer. * behave in a similar way - like waves unless they are in the ground state * bouncing around in a resistor generate small, random voltages. * build up more easily in dry places - on negative plate and distort the electron orbits of the atoms in the dielectric * can absorb light in part of the visible and reflect the rest so they appear coloured - achieve higher energy levels by injecting energy via a flash of light, for example * can be both particles and waves - on their own also - exist independently, or in groups around the nucleus of an atom - flow between certain different materials providing a current, as in a common battery - gain energy by interacting with photons - have different energy levels - or energy states - jump into an empty spot driven by the electric field - move between orbits, using or releasing energy in the process * can move from atom to atom - one object to another when touched - shell to shell * can only be in certain permitted orbits , also referred to as energy levels - discrete orbits - flow in a closed circuit - occupy certain energy levels in the core * carry a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in charge to that of protons. * carry a negative charge and are found in electron shells surrounding the nucleus - charge, equal in magnitude and opposite to the charge of a proton - negative charges while protons carry positive charges in the nucleus of an atom * circle the atom's nucleus in regions of space known as orbitals. * collect on the negative terminal of the battery. * colliding with a target material create X-rays. * come from donor and then are given to acceptor - in pairs, and each pair is given an orbit around the nucleus * contain a negative charge, protons a positive charge. * contribute most to an atom s size - no atomic mass units to the total atomic weight of an atom - only a little to the mass of an atom * determine chemical properties of elements - the chemical behaviour of elements * diffuse from n to p while holes diffuse from p to n - the emitter into the base and holes diffuse from the base into the emitter * drift from p to n while holes drift from n to p. * drop in free energy as they pass down the electron transport chain. * dumping in superconductors allows a current to flow without resistance. * emerge from the collision at various angles and with a variety of energies. * escape from the surface of all metals. * exist in the shells - outside of the nucleus of an atom, essentially in orbit around it * fall on membrane and are spread out. * fill atoms by sequentially filling hydrogen-like orbitals in order of energy - the innermost shells first * flow away from the anode in the external circuit - back into a fuel cell through the cathode - continuously in a closed circuit * flow from a position of high potential energy to low potential energy - carriers with high reduction potentials to ones with low reduction potentials - left to right because the copper cathode loses electrons more easily than zinc - right to left because zinc metal acts as the cathode and gets reduced * flow from the anode to the cathode - cathode to the anode * flow from the colder object toward the warmer object - oblect toward the warmer object - in at one end, and the same number flow out the other end * flow in the external circuit from copper to an inert electrode - silver to nickel - into the positive terminals of a voltage source - out from the negative end of a battery into the positive end - primarily on the outside surface of a conductor * flow through an external circuit from negative to positive - the enzyme and are accepted by oxygen * flowing through a conductor create a magnetic field around the conductor - the Cyt bf complex also contribute to the proton gradient * fly around in an atom very, very quickly. * follow circular orbital paths much like planets orbiting the sun. * form a cloud of charge around the nucleus - notional shells around the nucleus - pairs in a superconductor - the atomic cloud * gain enough energy to leave the wire and form a cloud around it. * give up a little energy at each step in the chain. * go from the reaction center to the electron acceptor downhill back to the reaction center - into the - terminal of an electrolytic cell, but electric current goes out - up the wire, and the lower slip ring becomes positively charged * going through the scattering foils near the central-axis lose more energy. * have a charge, a negative charge - harder and harder time moving through a conductor the warmer it gets - much shorter wavelength than light, so they can make smaller bumps * have a negative charge and are electrically attracted to the positively charged protons - free electrons repel eachother - manage the interactions between atoms - protons have a positive charge - reside in electron clouds about the nucleus - while the protons have a positive charge - charge, so a particle that gains electrons gains a negative charge - shorter wavelength than light and so can magnify up to one million times - very small mass compared to all of the other parts in an atom - almost no mass and are negatively charged - an internal property, called spin - anti-electrons, which have positive charges - degeneracy pressure - electric fields - internal motions corresponding to spins in classical dynamics - less mass than either protons or neutrons - much less mass than protons but have an equivalent negative charge - spin, a kind of the smallest unit of magnets - static electric fields - such and such weight * have the same density - smallest electrical charge - very much less mass and occupy shells around the nucleus - wave properties * hold the world together. * includes sections. * inhabit various energy levels, or shells. * interact with other principal energy carriers. * jump between orbitals in a particle-like fashion - from one atom to the next * leave the belt and flow through a wire to the surrounding sphere - outer most shell first * like to be electrically neutral - pair up - travel in pairs * literally power the body. * lose energy as they travel through a material. * make excellent probes down to very small scales because of their point-like properties - up most of the mass of an atom * migrate from the surface of one material to the surface of the other. * move about the nucleus in atomic orbitals. * move around nuclei - the atom in a specific path * move around the nucleus in up to seven round paths , called shells * move at the speed of light - sound - away from other negative charge and toward positive charge - easily through some materials, and cause very little heat - fast, so the coordinate degree of freedom fast degree of freedom - five times faster through gallium arsenide than through silicon - freely through the wire until they reach the light bulb's filament - from atom to atom in a wire, producing an electric current * move from one atom to the next adjacent atom - energy state to another but can only exist aft defineite energy levels - plate of the capacitor and accumulate on the other plate - spot to spot * move from the positive lead oxide electrode to the negative lead electrode - source, through the load and back to the source * move in definite orbits around the nucleus, like planets moving around the nucleus - one direction while the positive holes move in the opposite direction - orbits of different shapes and sizes, depending on their energy - into cathode from load - nine inches a nanosecond - rapidly around the nucleus and constitute almost the entire volume of the atom * move through a metal much faster than ions through a solution - series of carriers that release energy at each step - wire much like water flows through a pipe * move through the material by hoping from island to island - nodes at predictable rates - with incredible speed as they pass from one atom to another * moving along a path create an electrical current. * normally gravitate towards the lowest possible energy state called the ground state. * occupy a space that surrounds an atom's nucleus - atomic orbitals which can contain two electrons - cloudlike orbits around atomic nuclei * occupy energy levels from the lowest energies upwards - orbitals, or areas where they have a high statistical probability of occurring * occupy the lowest energy level and sublevel possible - one-electron levels but obey fermion properties - well-defined energy levels around the positively charged nucleus of an atom * often orbit nuclei in atoms. * only flow in one direction in a LED, because it diode. * orbit an atomic nucleus in the same kind of way that planets orbit stars - around nucleus like planets in our solar system orbit around the sun * orbit around the center or nucleus of the atom - center, or nucleus, of atoms, just like the moon orbits the earth - positively charged nucleus in an atom - or go around the nucleus * orbit the nuclei of atoms and are the principle tool of molecular bonding - nucleus at fantastic speeds forming elctron clouds * orbit the nucleus in a series of shells or energy levels - circular orbits, much like plants orbit the sun - like moths around a light bulb - much the same way the planets orbit the sun * orbit the nucleus of an atom just like planets orbit around the sun in our solar system - the atom in various orbital levels * oscillating in a radio antenna emit one single wavelength. * pair up in an orbital only after all orbitals of a subshell contain electrons. * pass from a higher to a lower energy level - through a sheet of metal perforated with holes * play a major role in all chemical bonds. * present in outer orbital. * produce photons in the beam tube and photons generate neutrons. * provide the energy for all lasers. * radiate or absorb energy in the form of photons when they are accelerated - when they change orbits * remain unpaired in spin as long as is possible. * repel each other and try to go to a place with fewer electrons - electrons because they all have the same charge * reside in orbitals around the nucleus. * revolve in orbits around the nucleus - in the region surrounding the nucleus * rotate around nucleus, just like the planets around the Sun. * scattered by gamma rays accelerate and deflect off the earth's magnetic field. * shield the nucleus from an external magnetic field. * show magnetic character. * slip from atom to atom more easily than they ever do normally. * smash into protons, and a stupendous amount of energy is released as they form neutrons. * speak louder than words. * spin and rotate around the nucleus billions of times a second - around atoms in shells, also known as orbitals * spin around the center, or nucleus, of atoms, just like the moon around the earth - nucleus in shells a great distance from the nucleus * stay in shells around the nucleus of the atom. * stream from the cathode to the anode to illuminate phosphor. * surround every atom 's nucleus. * surround the atom in pathways called orbitals - s core - atomic nucleus in pathways called orbitals * surround the nucleus in orbitals of various energies * take part in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions. * tend to move from a point of negative potential toward a positive potential - toward protons because electrons have far less mass than protons - spread until an even charge is obtained throughout the entire system - towards the lowest energy level * transfer along a chain of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane. * travel faster through copper than aluminum, so less copper is needed for circuits - from the cathode to the anode through an external wire * traversing the periodic magnet structure are forced to undergo oscillations. * tunnel more freely if the two fields are aligned. * usually exist in pairs - pair up with their spins opposite each other, and their fields cancel each other - remain a constant distance from the nucleus in precise shells * vary tremendously in the amount of energy they contain. + Atomic physics, Electronic configuration: Nuclear physics :: Quantum mechanics :: Physical chemistry + Band gap, In semiconductor physics: Quantum mechanics * In semiconductors and insulators, quantum mechanics show that electrons are only found in a number of bands of energy. Electrons are forbidden from other energy levels. The term 'band gap' refers to the energy difference between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band. Electrons are able to jump from one band to another. However, an electron needs a certain amount of energy to jump from a valence band to a conduction band. The amount of energy needed differs with different materials. + Cathode: Electronic components * In other words, a cathode is a positive electrode on a battery and a negative electrode on an electrolytic cell. Electric current is perceived as flowing in the opposite direction that the electrons are flowing. Electrons go into the - terminal of an electrolytic cell, but electric current goes out. + Covalent bond: Chemistry * The number of valence electrons is decided by the size of the atom. Electrons orbit an atomic nucleus in the same kind of way that planets orbit stars. There are layers of paths around an atomic nucleus. The first layer always contains only two electrons, while the layers after that usually contain up to eight. * Electrons take part in gravitational, electromagnetic and weak interactions. Princeton University Press. The electricity that powers radios, motors, and many other things consists of many electrons moving through wires or other conductors. + Electric potential: Electricity * Difference in 'electric potential' is also known as voltage or electric potential energy difference. The unit for electric potential is the volt, in memory of Alessandro Volta. Electric potential is like a push. Electrons are pushed through a wire by the voltage. + Electron, Description: Basic physics ideas :: Elementary particles * Electrons have the smallest electrical charge. This electrical charge equals the charge of a proton, but has the opposite sign. For this reason, electrons are attracted by the protons of atomic nuclei and usually form atoms. * An object can be described as 'negatively charged' if there are more electrons than protons in an object, or 'positively charged' when there are more protons than electrons. Electrons can move from one object to another when touched. They may be attracted to another object with opposite charge, or repelled when they both have the same charge. When an object is 'grounded', electrons from the charged object go into the ground, making the object neutral. This is what lightning conductors do. + Lepton: Elementary particles * Electrons are a well-known example that are found in ordinary matter. Of the six leptons, three have electric charge and three do not. The charged leptons are all negative. + Quantum mechanics, Uses of QM: Basic physics ideas :: Mechanics :: Mathematics :: Nuclear physics :: Quantum mechanics * Electrons surround every atom's nucleus. Chemical bonds link atoms to form molecules. A chemical bond links two atoms when electrons are shared between those atoms. Thus QM is the physics of the chemical bond and of chemistry. QM helps us understand how molecules are made, and what their properties are. For a good foundation see 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond,' by Linus Pauling. + Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Free-electron laser: Nuclear physics :: United States Department of Energy :: Buildings and structures in Virginia :: Newport News, Virginia * Electrons are injected into a linear accelerator. The fast-moving electrons then pass through a wiggler which produces a bright laser light beam. By reusing the electrons and most of their energy, the free-electron laser requires less electricity to operate. Cornell University is now trying to build one to produce X-rays. + Undulator: Synchrotron instrumentation * It consists of a periodic structure of dipole magnets. Electrons traversing the periodic magnet structure are forced to undergo oscillations. So the electrongs give off energy as electronmagnetic radiation. The radiation produced in an undulator is very intense and concentrated in narrow energy bands in the spectrum. The light beam is also collimated on the orbit plane of the electrons. This radiation is guided through beamlines for experiments in various scientific areas.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Electron shell * make up the electron configuration of an atom * have one or more 'electron subshells', or 'sublevels'. These sublevels have two or more orbitals with the same angular momentum quantum number 'l'. Electron shells make up the electron configuration of an atom ### electron: Backscattered electron * are an example of elastic scattering - high-energy electrons that rebound from the sample surface * have high energies, up to the beam energy, due to the elastic collisions. * leave the sample carrying energy without producing X-rays. Electron affinity * Electron affinities follow the same pattern. * decreases down a group because the atomic size increases. * is a. the energy loss when an electron is removed from an atom b. * is the energy involved when an anion loses an electron - required to attach an electron to a gaseous neutral atom * measure of how strongly an atom can bind an additional electron. Free electron * are able to traverse materials rather readily as in conductors - part of normal metabolism but can do enormous damage to all cell components - the charge carriers in metals, while ions are the charge carriers in solutions * is an electron Photoelectron * emitted from the inner shells of an atom also behave as outgoing waves. * released by the photocathode enter a narrow and curved semiconductive channel.<|endoftext|>### electron: Pi electron * give it a high electrical conductivity. * refer to a type of bond that occurs between electron orbitals called pi orbitals. + Ultraviolet–visible absorption, Chromophores: Light :: Physics * Molecules that absorb light at these wavelengths are called chromophores. Chromophores are functional groups of a molecule that absorb light in this UV-Visible region. They are most of the time characterized by delocalized pi electrons. Pi electrons refer to a type of bond that occurs between electron orbitals called pi orbitals. When many of these pi bonds exist in a molecule this allows electrons to be delocalized or spread out across a molecule. An example of this type of molecule is pictured below. These molecules can be used for pH indicators to determine if a solution is acidic or basic. The addition of acid or base disrupts the delocalized pi electrons. This disruption causes a color change. Unpaired electron * facilitates other atoms or molecules to bond with it in a chemical reaction. * give a paramagnetic substance.<|endoftext|>### electron: Valence electron * are all that are needed to describe bonding. * are electrons close to the nucleus of the atom - involved in the bonding process * are important in determining how the atom reacts chemically with other atoms - how a chemical element reacts with other elements - involved in the formation or breaking of bonds - only outer energy level electrons - responsible for the reactivity of an element * are the electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom - number of electrons of an atom that are involved in a chemical bond - outermost electrons in any atom. * In chemistry, 'valence electrons' are the electrons in the outside or 'valence' electron shell of an atom. Valence electrons are important in how a chemical element reacts with other elements. The number of valence electrons is also important for determining the group of an element in the Periodic table, because an element's number of valence electron is the same as the number of its group in the periodic table * is an electron ### electronic card types: Room key * are electronic card types. * are located in hotels - motels ### electronic communication: Data communication * covers the fast moving dynamic field of electronic communications. * happen over the Internet. * is electronic communication * is the fastest growing area of the telecommunications hardware industry - most rapidly expanding area of telecommunications - used in many applications of business and in everyday life
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### electronic communication: Digital communication * allow our computers to talk to each other in a binary language. * depend on bandwidth and compression. * has the potential to be the most democratic form of communication ever. * have the potential to be the most democratic form of communication ever. * is electronic communication. * mean digital horizons that far out-span traditional boundaries. * relies heavily on effective stimulation of the senses.<|endoftext|>### electronic communication: Messaging * are electronic communication. * communications tool that helps connect large groups of people. * has many forms. * is an approach to integrating applications. * is one of the major driving forces behind mass-market mobile telephone usage - more economical ways of using a mobile phone - most important applications that use images - synchronous, asynchronous or asynchronous request-response * is the application that pushes adoption through the threshold - foundation of the value chain * total communications package handling e-mail and faxes. * uses messages to communicate with different systems to perform some kind of function. ### electronic communication | messaging: Electronic messaging * allows users to correspond directly with the financial institution. * creates new opportunities for groups to work together. * goes beyond the sound of someone's voice, fax machine or computer on line. * reduces boundaries between business and personal life - geographical distances Express messaging * is used to transfer a caller directly into a voice mailbox. * provides a quick way to leave messages for people without ringing their phones.<|endoftext|>### electronic communication | messaging: Instant messaging * alleviates the time delay of e-mail. * allows Internet users to communicate with each other using text - communication faster than e-mail but more personal than a chat room * allows computer users to carry on quick on-screen conversations with one another - quick on-screen conversations with one other - one to chat or talk almost in real time - people to communicate in real time over the Internet * allows people to send real-time text messages and files - text messages to each other in real time - real-time online communication - users to send short notes to each other in real time over the Internet * amounts to a kind of live email. * bears significant similarities to e-mail. * fast and fun way to chat with friends, send pictures and play games. * involves downloading a software program onto a computer. * is an alternative to a browser, in a sense - increasingly popular form of instant communication between individuals - as common among Internet users as picking up the telephone - important for real-time messaging communication - more like instant paging * is more than a way to ping a pal to see if they're online - ping pals to see if they're online * is the fastest growing Internet service - third 'killer app' on the Internet, after browsing and email * kind of gateway drug for other applications. * rapidly developing technology, and is becoming more and more sophisticated. * technique for sending quick messages to other Internet users. * technology that's becoming very pervasive and very viral. * uses presence information to deliver instant communications. Text messaging * feature that is underused with certain wireless service plans. * is for people who are too lazy to check their email or voice mail - one of the most popular applications on a cell phone ### electronic devices: Optoelectronic device * are electronic devices - the key components in both image acquisition and display * have several applications.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
Element * All elements are diamagnetic, i.e., they are expelled from a magnetic field - either alkaline or acid - made up uniquely of their own atoms - only various groupings of hydrogen - exhibit characteristic spectral emission lines - fit into nine crystal structures * All elements have at least some isotopes that are radioactive - atoms with neutrons except for one - several forms called isotopes - some physical and non-physical shape * Any element listed on the periodic table consists of atoms. * Every element can exist in different forms, called isotopes. * Every element has a space in the periodic table - unique spectral signature - radioactive isotopes * Every element is characterized by a unique mass and charge - made of the same kind of atom, so each element has a symbol - uniquely a sum of homogeneous elements * Many elements are required in trace amounts, usually because they play a catalytic role in enzymes - substitutes for zinc in chemical, electronic, and pigment uses - crystallize with the hcp, ccp, or bcc arrangement of atoms - exist in nature as molecules of one or more atom * Many elements have a different isotopic composition in some non terrestrial materials - composition in some nonterrestrial materials - multiple isotopes which are stable for weeks, years, or even billions of years - several different structures, called allotropes - unequal numbers of neutrons and protons in their nucleus - interact and form compounds * Most elements absorb heat. * Most elements are cations and are 'stuck' to soil or media particles by - electrostatic forces - either metals or nonmetals - metals, which are found on the left and toward the bottom of the periodic table - present as a number of isotopes * Most elements can exist in several isotopic forms - interact with other elements to form compounds - conduct electricity - contain considerable fractions of many different stable isotopes - dissolve in seawater - emit x-rays when properly bombarded with electrons - exist as monatomic molecules, however - form covalent compounds * Most elements have at least one reasonably abundant isotope whose nucleus is magnetic - atomic mass - characteristic chemical properties - different atomic mass - energy - magnetic properties * Most elements have more than one isotope - naturally occurring isotope - nuclear energy - potential energy * Most elements have several isotopes - naturally occurring isotopes - similar chemical properties - two or more isotopes * Most elements react with elements - nonmetallic elements * Some elements actually have several ionization energies - appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms * Some elements are capable of ionizing into multiple oxidation states - ionic in one case and covalent in another case - isotopically unstable and spontaneously decay to more stable isotopes - liquids - more soluble in iron than in magma - produced in trace amounts by the decay of other elements - so radioactive that none of their isotopes have ever been found naturally - unstable and undergo radioactive decay - unstable, decaying via the weak interaction into other elements * Some elements can appear in a variety of solid states - combine in two or more ways by using different bonding structures - combine with oxygen * Some elements emit light * Some elements exist as two atoms on their own - in pure form as polyatomic molecules * Some elements have atomic numbers - different amounts of electrons in different atoms of the same element - electrons that absorb certain wavelengths or colors * Some elements have many isomers - stable isotopes, and some have famous unstable ones - nuclei with differing numbers of neutrons - oxidation state and common isotope information filled in too - same atomic numbers - unique atomic numbers - naturally exist as diatomic molecules - occur in nature with only one stable isotope , such as fluorine * Some elements react with an acid to produce a gas - other substances - spontaneously release alpha particles * Unscramble the letters to find the name of a chemical element. * affect functions - growth * are a kind of matter that consist of atoms of only one kind - any substance composed solely of chemically identical atoms - chemical substances - collection of identical atoms which thus have identical chemical properties - color-coded as gas, fluid or radioactive * are composed of atoms, the basic unit of matter - one type of atom with a spesific structure of protons - defined by the number of protons they possess - environments - fields delimited by spaces - listed in order of increasing atomic number - located in universes * are made of only one kind of atom - up of atoms - naturals - part of sets - pure substances that are made of only one type of matter - situations - straight lines - substances made of only one kind of atom - the lowest form of all matter * are the simplest pure substances - type of a substance - weather * can be either energy or matter - change states when the temperature drops or rises - have a different number of neutrons * circulate through the air in a gas cycle and from land to water in a sedimentary one. * combine in certain ratios to form compounds. * combine to form compound substances of various numbers of atoms in the molecule * combined When hydrogen burns in the air, water is formed. * comprise all matter at and above the atomic level. * consist of atoms of different mass called isotopes. * contains only one kind of atom. * differ in vibrational through the mere change in components such as protons and electrons. * exhibiting the largest deviations are aluminum, calcium, manganese, and silicon. * exist as a group of different isotopes. * fall into families which share similar chemical properties with each other. * flow back to the environment and energy is lost to space if organisms die and decompose. - electron configurations of noble gases * frequently have their highest oxidation state in the form of a binary fluoride. * have an oxidation state of zero - bind energy - commercial purposes - differences - distinct properties and atomic structure - important human values - more than one isotope with varying numbers of neutrons - particular isotopes - small differences * identified include molybdenum, chromium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten and manganese. * includes atoms. * is Earth - one of xx, xy, xz, yx, yy, yz, zx, zy, zz * is the name of the XML element that is opened with the start tag - element type that is opened with the start tag * means uranium or plutonium. * require for growth - plant growth * seen in polarized light microscopy of urine are mostly birefringent crystals. * single lens shaped piece of glass that forms part of a compound lens system. * sink to bottoms. * used in small amounts are nutriments known as minerals. * usually emit a gamma-ray during nuclear decay or fission - occur in nature as mixtures of isotopes * vary in the saturating power of their atoms. + Allotropes of carbon: Carbon * Allotropes are different forms of the same chemical element. All elements are made up uniquely of their own atoms. Any physical differences are because of how the atoms are joined together. Many elements show allotropy because there are a number of ways in which the atoms can be linked together. Also there are different ways in how the molecules can be arranged to make larger structures. + Atomic nucleus, Modern topics in nuclear physics, Spontaneous changes from one nuclide to another: nuclear decay: Nuclear physics :: Matter * If a nucleus has too few or too many neutrons it may be unstable, and will decay after some period of time. In this decay a neutron in the nitrogen nucleus is turned into a proton and an electron by the weak nuclear force. Many elements have multiple isotopes which are stable for weeks, years, or even billions of years. + Chemical element * Element contains only one kind of atom. The number of protons in the atoms of an element is known as that element's atomic number. For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their nuclei are of the chemical element carbon, and all atoms with 92 protons in their nuclei are of the element uranium. * Elements are the basic building blocks for all types of substances. When they are combined with each other, they can form molecules.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Allotrope * are chemical elements. * are different crystal structures for a specific type of element - forms of the same chemical element * have different chemical and physical properties. * is an element Argon * is recovered and purified for sale as a commercial product - from plants producing oxygen and nitrogen * loses less heat through conduction and convection than air. * shows similar patterns with smaller magnitudes. Arsenic * Some arsenic is always present in water - naturally present in soil * has properties. * includes atoms. * is chemical elements - minerals - oxide - poison - solids - toxic substances<|endoftext|>### element | arsenic: Arsenic pentoxide * is used to make pesticides and insecticides. * white , odourless solid. + Arsenic pentoxide, Properties: Arsenic compounds :: Oxides * Arsenic pentoxide is a white, odourless solid. It dissolves easily in water to make arsenic acid. It is highly toxic, as are almost all arsenic compounds. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine - Uses * Arsenic pentoxide is used to make pesticides and insecticides. It is also used in glass industry Arsenic trichloride * colorless or yellowish liquid. + Arsenic trichloride, Properties: Arsenic compounds :: Chlorine compounds * Arsenic trichloride is a colorless or yellowish liquid. It reacts with water, similar to phosphorus trichloride, to make arsenous acid and hydrochloric acid. It makes fumes in moist air. It is highly toxic.<|endoftext|>### element | arsenic: Black arsenic * is similar to red phosphorus. * poor conductor of electricity and is brittle with a glassy appearance. + Arsenic, Properties, Physical properties: Semimetals :: Chemical elements * It is a semiconductor. Yellow arsenic is unstable and rare. It is the most toxic allotrope. It is a soft and waxy nonmetal, similar to white phosphorus. It turns into gray arsenic in light. Black arsenic is similar to red phosphorus. It is a brittle, black, and shiny nonmetal. It does not conduct electricity. Since gray arsenic is the most common, it is usually referred to as arsenic. Yellow arsenic * poor conductor of electricity and is soft and waxy. * Arsenic is found in three allotropes. Gray arsenic is the most common. It is a brittle, somewhat soft metalloid that is a little shiny. It is a semiconductor. Yellow arsenic is unstable and rare. It is the most toxic allotrope. It is a soft and waxy nonmetal, similar to white phosphorus. It turns into gray arsenic in light. Black arsenic is similar to red phosphorus. It is a brittle, black, and shiny nonmetal. Block element * are elements that belong only to one block. * define a block of text or information.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Boron * Some boron excretes in urine. * absorbs fast neutrons very well and thus makes an ideal control material in nuclear reactors. * accumulates in plants and is found in foods, mainly fruits and vegetables - the leaves as they age so symptoms usually appear on older leaves first * affects magnesium and calcium metabolism in the rat. * amounts in the soil is directly proportional to the amount of organic matter. * forms several commercially important compounds. * has benefits - functions - health benefits - many benefits * helps brain function, healthy bones, and can increase alertness - maintain calcium levels in the body once it is absorbed - to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and build muscle * includes atoms. * increases ovule longevity, improves pollen tube growth and increases winter hardiness. * interferes with the metabolism of phenols. - solids * isotope marine geochemistry. * kills thhe beneficial microbes that live in the termites gut. * nitride has potential use in nanotechnology - remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond - is stable at air to approx * occurs in all foods produced from plants. * plays a major role in bone health - role in regulating the hormones, especially estrogen, but testosterone as well * reacts with fused sodium hydroxide to form sodium borate and hydrogen. * substitutes for carbon atoms in the diamond lattice, donating a hole into the valence band. ### element | boron: Crystalline boron * exists in many polymorphs. * is transparent, brittle, a non-conductor, and nearly as hard as diamond. Dietary boron * affects blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations in humans - molybdenum and magnesium metabolism in the cholecalciferol deficient chick * modifies the effects of thiamine nutriture in the male rat.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Carbon * All carbon containing compounds have a certain amount of energy - has many millions of microscopic pores - is in reduced form, which causes the black color * Every carbon has a single bond to a hydrogen. * More carbon going into the air means less remains in the topsoil. * Most carbon contains compounds. * Most carbon has atomic mass - bonds - different values - many unique properties - is containe in sedimentary ock * Some carbon combines with water - comes from wax - conducts electricity - contains elements * Some carbon contains other elements - such elements - small amounts of energy, or radiation - sulfur - enters atmospheres - fuses with helium to make oxygen * Some carbon has conductivity - more or fewer neutrons - positive charge - thermal conductivity - is removed from the atmosphere through plant photosynthesis - requires for growth * absorbs chemicals like a sponge absorbs water - heat from the sun * alone forms the familiar substances graphite and diamond. * also exists in various forms in the atmosphere - flows from detritus to soil to simulate the effects of extensive decomposition - has a limited shelf life after first use - removes discoloration in cloudy water - returns to the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned * always has four bonds around it in an organic compound. * appears as anthracotic pigment in the lungs - to be the most versatile atom for chemistry and water is an ideal solvent * are always dull - green, oxygens are red, hydrogens are silver - strong in compression but weak in tension or shear * atoms bond to form a variety of structures, including molecules that are essential to life. * attracts molecules which adhere to it like steel to a magnet. * based carbohydrates represent the energy currency on which all life on earth depends - or silicon based, the process of DNA evolution is strikingly similar * basic element for all life forms. * becomes part of the cells of consumers through the food they eat. * can add to the cylindrical section of a growing layer. * can also form branched chains and cyclical molecules - fuse with helium to form oxygen - remove trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas in water - travel very slowly * can bond to a maximum of four atoms - with itself to form cyclic structures * can combine with other elements as well as with itself - in a great variety of ways - create a light bike that rides like a racing machine - easily take the oxygen off the ore in very hot temperatures * can form chains with carbon atoms bonded together in linear forms - double bonds and hence carbon dioxide discrete molecule and gas - rings, long chains, or a combination of both - have six, seven, or eight neutrons - leave the geosphere in several ways * chemical element vital to all living things and is present in many non-living things. * combines with carbon * comes in several forms, or isotopes, that differ by weight - three kinds- dust, coconut shell or granulated * compounds Carbon is very special because it can form so many compounds. * cross-cutting material essential to almost every other industry. * crucial element in numerous natural processes. * cycle- The movement of carbon on Earth by the processes of respiration and photosynthesis. * dating of petroleum sometimes yields absurdly young ages. * dioxide partial pressure in surface waters of the southern ocean. * dissolves in liquid water * does have a real temperature problem. * drags other elements around most of the cycle. * enters the biomass of animal bodies in the form of carbon dioxide - energy economy in the hydrocarbon fuels, coal, oil, and gas, as well as wood - oceans from the geosphere in a form called bicarbonate * exists as a free mineral in graphite and diamond - freely as graphite and diamond * exists in many different forms - several forms as it moves through the carbon cycle - the atmosphere as the compound carbon dioxide * falls to the bottom in various forms. * flows through the atmosphere in a continuous cycle. * follows a certain route on earth, called the carbon cycle. * forms a large number of compounds, more than any other element * forms the backbone of many plants biomolecules, including starches and cellulose - skeleton of all organic molecules - two well-known allotropes, graphite and diamond * fundamental building block with regard to terrestrial and oceanic productivity. * fuses to oxygen. * gives the best stored energy to weight ratio of any element. * goes off as a gas when the plant is bm'ned in air - the plant is burned in air * has different forms or 'allotropes', including diamond, graphite and fullerenes - higher elasticity than fiberglass in tension * has many allotropes each having very different physical properties from the other - different structures or allotropes - surprise properties - six protons and six electrons * has two isotopes - stable, naturally occurring isotopes - unique features that make it a remarkable atom for life * is able to bond with up to four other elements - make large molecules with multiple bonds * is absorbed from the air, primarily in the form of carbon dioxide - primarily during plant growth - abundant in the Sun , stars , comets , and in the atmospheres of most planets * is also a major component of many minerals - part of the ocean, air, and even rocks - very common atom and it helps to make up the solid backbone of living things - an essential compound of the cemented carbides - different in that it is incorporated into organic material - in some meteorites - the basis for atomic weights * is an element that has great affinity for itself - is required for life - which forms an important part of all living organisms and their environments - energy source for the decomposers and nitrogen provides the protein for their bodies * is an essential component of all living organisms - element for almost all plant and animal life - example, because it can xlize into graphite or diamond - excellent high temperature lubricant and coal dust is mostly carbon - insulator with a very low conductivity - object oriented database abstraction class - undesirable element in most brazing filler metals - available as carbon dioxide - black, absorbs heat - by far the most important element in gray iron - called the basis for life because all living things contain organic compounds - chemical elements - considered one of the key pollutants contributing to global warming - copies - diamond, the hardest substance known - distributed very widely in nature - electron deficient - it only has four electrons around it - energy to plants and soil micro-organisms - exchanged with varying speed with the terrestrial biosphere - fairly unique when it comes to elements, it can bind to four other atoms - fixed through carbon fixation and released back into the atmosphere in a continuous cycle - formed by a rare collision of three helium nuclei * is found abundantly in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets - as a pure element only in the forms of diamonds and grahphite * is found in a wide variety of rocks, such as chalk and limestone - abundance in the sun, stars and comets - all organic fuels, which include oil, gas, wood, coal, charcoal and kerosene - charcoal or graphite - organic fuels including oil, gas, wood, coal, charcoal and kerosene * is found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide - graphite, a soft slippery mineral used for pencil leads and lubricants - green, hydrogen white, oxygen red, and nitrogen blue * is in all common fuels - every living organism * is in every organic compound - substance on earth, and when carbon atoms hop around, things happen - many places in the universe - proteins, carbohydrates, and all other organic molecules * is in the cycle in solid, liquid and gas forms - middle * is incorporated in a form with only little bonding to other partners - into biological processes and biomass mainly through plant photosynthesis - integral to our oceans, air, and soil - just one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming - key to life and by definition is present in all organic compounds - light gray, nitrogen is light blue, oxygen is red, and iron is yellow - lighter and cheaper than many of the materials used in today's batteries - likely the next most important chemical in an ecosystem - located in organic matter - made entirely from carbon atoms - mixed with iron to get steel - more electronegative than any metal - no longer part of the residual gas and resides in solid form - nonmetallic, silicon and germanium intermediate, tin and lead metallic - now de rigueur in racing and is increasingly common in larger performance-cruising rigs - obtained from carbon dioxide in the air * is one of the basic building blocks of all life in the universe - blocks of all living organisms - elements that forms covalent bonds to become stable * is one of the most common building blocks of nature - elements found in living organisms - elements in living things * is one of the most important elements for life - elements on Earth - elements on earth with regard to living things - oxidised to carbon monoxide gas, which passes from the converter to a cleaning plant * is part of carbohydrates, proteins and fats - many compounds, all of which have certain common properties * is passed between atmosphere, oceans, and living things in a process called the Carbon Cycle - from the atmosphere, as carbon dioxide, to living things - polygamous * is present as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and dissolved in all natural waters - in all living things * is present in every living organism, our atmosphere, oceans and earth - organisms, our atmosphere, ocean and soils - throughout the natural environment in a fixed amount - removed from molten cast iron by bubbling oxygen through it - represented by a black object - required for the building of all organic compounds - sequestered in trees, and also in the soil - solids * is stored and preserved during intervals of low amounts of atmospheric oxygen - in four main reservoirs * is stored in plant starches and biomass, which can be broken down into simple sugars - starches, which can be broken down into natural plant sugars - reserves as petroleum, coal, peat, etc * is stored in the atmosphere, in living organisms, and as fuel deposits - lithosphere in both inorganic and organic forms - wood and living tissues of trees - trees, plants, soil and fossil fuels - stronger in compression than it is in tension - taken up by plants from the air as carbon dioxide - the backbone of life on Earth * is the basic building block of life - chemical of life - element that all cellular macromolecules are made from * is the basis of all life on Earth - building block for the matter that makes up the bodies of living things - central atom of the great variety of organic molecules - energy source for the microbes that help break down the materials - fourth most common element in the sun - fuel source - key ingredient for removing all odors - leading greenhouse gas contributing to climate change * is the main alloying element that creates edge-holding ability - building block of life, while silicon is the foundation for semiconductors - component of fossil fuels - element in fossil fuels * is the major element in wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc - greenhouse gas linked with global warming - mineral component in coal, oil, and natural gas - nutrient cycled within wetlands - variable that distinguishes between wrought iron, steel, and cast iron * is the most abundant - important element in soil - intense greenhouse gas that's responsible for global warming pollution - versatile of all elements - only atom capable of forming large complex molecules - primary component of fossil fuels * is the second most abundant element in living organisms - square in the p sublevel of the second energy level * is the single most important element to the existence of life on Earth - nutrient for algae - sixth element in the periodic table - stuff of which life is made - typical material for coating when microanalysis is required - transformed to be used and obtained by the atmosphere and organisms * is unique among the elements in the vast number and variety of com pounds it can form - the vast number and variety of compounds it can form - the vast number of variety of compounds it can form - for two main reasons - in that it can combine with other carbon atoms to form long chains * is used as a catalyst - because it is the backbone of all organic material * is used in charcoal and coal - chemical reduction at high temperatures - steel, carbon filters, pencils, and for brushes in moters and generators - storage compounds and cell formation in all organisms - the reduction process * is used to adsorb organics, chromates, sulfides and chlorine - form alloys with iron such as carbon steel - widely in the aquarium hobby to rid the aquarium of smells and discoloration * is very good in tension and compression has great stiffness - noble - versatile in forming covalent compounds - vital to all life on earth * key element for all living things on earth. * large and smelly open-air market selling just about everything from food to furniture. * leaves the soil as heterotrophic respiration - terrestrial biosphere in several ways and on different time scales * main ingredient in the formation of smog. * major component of living things - source of fuel in non-renewable energy sources * makes a strong black with a bluish tinge, while bone black makes a warmer color - diamonds, charcoal and graphite - long chains with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen * makes up one half of the dry weight of wood - the backbone of the molecule and hydrogen atoms are bonded along the backbone * moves through our planet over longer time scales as well - the food chain as organisms eat plants and are themselves eaten - up the food chain when animals feed on plants and the carbon is transferred * nanotube composites for thermal management - polymer composites are gaining interest as well - probes with controlled chemical functionality at the openning end * needs to share four electrons, in effect it has four slots. * never burns. * non-profit industry organisation aimed at collaboration on emissions trading activities. * occurs as a variety of allotropes. * occurs in all known organic life and is the basis of organic chemistry - many forms in nature - the atmosphere and in water in the form of carbon dioxide - mostly in the form of carbonates - naturally in and is in all things from stars, to plants and animals * offers glimpse of origin and evolution of the universe. * often removes much of the organic material needed in the marine tanks ecosystem. * part of a wide variety of organic and inorganic chemical compounds. * prefers to have four bonds, and no lone pair of electrons. * primary element of life - that plays a central role in regulating the Earth's climate * principal cause of global warming. * provides the framework for all tissues of plants and animals. * readily absorbs most of the aquarium medications, especially antibiotics. * repeatedly undergoes the cycle in order to become essential towards life. * replaces the silicon in the compound. * returns to the atmosphere by respiration and also by fire. * takes a long time to break down. * truly remarkable element which can exist as one of several allotropes. * uniquely versatile atom in the number of long-chain chemicals it can form. * valuable by-product of separating hydrogen from hydrocarbon compounds. * very important component of plant tissues - element, as it makes up organic matter, which part of all life - special element because it plays a dominant role in the chemistry of life - stiff material allowing for a rigid hull with less layers + Blast furnace: Minerals :: Chemistry * The process of making iron is simple. Iron ore is basically iron oxide. Iron is made by removing the oxygen. This leaves crude iron called 'pig iron'. Carbon is used in the reduction process. Carbon can easily take the oxygen off the ore in very hot temperatures. + Carbon, Where Carbon Is, Carbon in Space * Carbon is in many places in the universe. It was first made in old stars. Carbon is the fourth most common element in the sun. Almost all of the atmosphere of Mars is Carbon dioxide * Diamonds are rare and are found largely in Africa. Carbon is also in some meteorites + Rainforest, Rainforests in danger * Also, no one knows how destroying the rain forests will change the earth. We know that less rain will fall once the trees are gone. That may cause some rivers, which supply water to cities around the rain forest, to dry up during part of the year. Also, burning trees puts carbon into the air. Carbon absorbs heat from the sun. Experts are arguing about it, but it might be happening. + Rocket candy, Components, Extra chemicals: Fuel :: Rockets * Another extra chemical that is sometimes added to rocket candy is carbon. Carbon is found in charcoal or graphite. It is sometimes used as a fuel. It is used more often as an extra chemical. It makes the rocket leave a smoke trail in the sky. When the fuel burns, it makes heat. The heat usually goes to the case of the motor.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | carbon: Amorphous carbon * deep black powder that occurs in nature as a component of coal. * is completely isotropic - found in charcoal, coal, coke, carbon black and lampblack - the most reactive form of carbon Atmospheric carbon * Most atmospheric carbon has values. * Some atmospheric carbon combines with water. * is an outgrowth of an affluent society - exchanged quickly between the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere<|endoftext|>### element | carbon: Charcoal * Most charcoal produces heat - radiant heat * Some charcoal mixes with water. * absorbs and holds a fairly large volume of poisonous gases - dampness - pollutants and impurities - the prophyrins and they are then eliminated in the feces - toxins and natural purifier * burns quite a bit hotter than wood, and with less residue. * comes from the burning of substances such as oil and wood. * consists of partially burned fragments of plant material that are very resistant to decay - primarily of amorphous carbon and ash * gives off deadly carbon monoxide gas that can fill a room and overcome the occupants - large quantities of carbon monoxide while burning * includes atoms. * interferes with absorption of nutrients and medication * is drawing - effective in absorbing and minimizing airborne contamination - flammable, which is why it glows red in the firebox - gray - helpful for gastrointestinal decontamination - located in barbecues - more physical than pencil - of high yield and quality * leaves little residue upon burning because it is nearly pure phlogiston. * producing ovens use large amounts of timber. * releases carbon monoxide gas. * tends to give more flavor to the meat. * works well on sour odors.<|endoftext|>### element | carbon: Fullerene * are a family of highly symmetrical carbon-cage molecules - among the strongest materials known - closed cage structures - hollow carbon clusters comprising several dozens of atoms - large carbon-cage molecules - molecular cages consisting of only carbon atoms - unique carbon molecules with structures that resemble geodesic domes - very stable and can be used to hold an ion * comprise an infinite class of pure carbon cages. * function as electron transporters, and serve as excellent models for nanotube reactivity. * is carbon ### element | carbon | fullerene: Buckyball * also exist in interstellar dust and in geological formations on Earth. * are complex carbon molecules more scientifically known as fullerenes - extremely stable and can withstand very high temperatures and pressures * can come from outer space. * have a wide range of electronic properties, depending on what substituents are attached - more in common with soccerballs than just their looks<|endoftext|>### element | carbon | fullerene: Carbon nanotube * are among the most anisotropic materials known - strongest fibers known - fullerenes - grown vertically off a substrate - new molecular forms of carbon - similar to fullerenes, except their shape is tubular - smaller than the eye can see, yet stronger than steel * are very thin and long tubes - tough and hard to break , but still relatively light * consist of a hexagonal network of carbon atoms rolled up into a cylinder - rolled up sheets of carbon hexagons * exhibit fascinating electronic properties. * get the picture. * has very unique electronic properties. * represent a promising material for nanotechnology. * This animation of a spinning carbon nanotube shows its 3D structure. Some allotropes of carbon. A 'carbon nanotube' is an allotrope of carbon that is shaped like a tube of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes are very tough and hard to break, but still relatively light. Because of their high strength, carbon nanotubes may one day be used for bulletproof armor and other uses needing hard, lightweight materials. Some carbon nanotubes also let electricity through them. Certain nanotubes may be up to 1,000 times as good conductors as metals like copper and silver.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | carbon | fullerene: Nanotube * Some nanotubes measure just a nanometer in diameter. * are a proving to be useful as molecular components for nanotechnology - variation of the all-carbon hollow molecules called fullerenes * are also good for electrical purposes - very good electrical conductors - artifacts - just one of several candidates for the next generation of electronics - miniscule cylinders made of atoms of carbon, nitrogen, boron, or other materials - molecular-sized pipes made of carbon atoms - sheets of carbon atoms rolled into a tube - similar to fullerenes, but they're cylindrical - smalls - thin, elongated versions of buckminsterfullerenes * are tiny carbon pipes only a few atoms wide - cylinders of carbon atoms - truly wonder molecules - very strong - one of the strongest materials, as a matter of fact - very, very tiny, hollow tubes made of carbon * can also conduct electricity, as semiconductors - be semiconductors or metals depending on their detailed atomic structure * differ only in that they are strands rather than spheres. * elastically buckle rather than break when deformed, which results in highly robust probes. * exhibit some peculiar characteristics. * get as small as they can. * have some physical properties that have no counterpart in macroscopic materials - the potential for use as minuscule wires or in ultrasmall electronic devices * offer considerable advantages over cut, etched, or otherwise sharpened metal tips.<|endoftext|>### element | carbon: Graphite * Most graphite has layer structures - molecular structures - is produced through the metamorphism of organic material in rocks * Some graphite has energy - high thermal stability - layers - is found in igneous rocks and also as nodules inside of iron meteorites * conducts conductivity - electrical conductivity - heat * consists of flat sheets of interlinked carbon atoms - layers of carbon atoms * consists of sheets of strongly bonded hexagonal rings - or layers of graphene * facilitates the fission chain reaction in a graphite reactor by slowing neutrons. * includes atoms. * is located in pencils - minerals * occurs as large bodies within iron or in separate masses. * provide great lubricity, but depend on oils for preservative qualities. * works well as a lubricant. ### element | carbon | graphite: Flake graphite * can be four times the price of amorphous. * is opaque, flexible and sectile, and exhibits perfect basal cleavage. Inorganic carbon * comes from non-living sources, like rocks. * large part of the total carbon. Organic carbon * comes from living or once-living things, including fossil fuels. * has an important role in carbon cycling in the ocean. * is converted to carbon dioxide and hydrogen to water vapor - the primary pollutant the two are trying to control with wetlands * quantitative measure of organic matter. * semi-volatile hydrocarbon from combustion and some evaporative sources. * stored in the geosphere can remain there for millions of years. Soot * Some soot absorbs light. * can be airborne or collect on a surface such as a chimney or flue liner. * factor in a number of respiratory ailments, including asthma - asthma and other respiratory ailments * is amorphous, so the atoms are randomly stuck together - blackness - flammable - primarily unburned carbon - usually an undesirable product of combustion for several reasons * major atmospheric pollutant. * natural by-product when things are burned. ### element | carbon | soot: Black soot * can be a problem, especially with candles made of inferior waxes and fragrances. * is the product of the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. Diesel soot * is even worse for public health than other types of soot pollution. * toxic air pollutant linked to human cancer.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Chlorine * Follow the directions on the packet of sodium or calcium hypochlorite. * Helps clean out the nitrogen and end products of metabolism. * More chlorines mean a longer life. * Most chlorine has mass - is used at the site of manufacture * Some chlorine kills fish - reacts with oxygen * acts as a catalyst to instantly precipitate iron which then can be captured in a filter - to separate the lignin from the pulp which can then be removed * affects flavor and dampens the activity of yeast. * alone yellow gas. * also has a multitude of industrial uses - limited effectiveness against some micro-organisms and none against chemicals - helps create the hard plastic used to make protective helmets and face shields - increases efficiency - kills the priceless friendly bacteria in the colon - oxidizes iron and manganese so they can be filtered out * also plays a critical role in the production of thousands of commercial products - role in the classroom - reacts with chemicals in the water to form strong cancer-causing compounds * attacks the alloys in gold. * based washes are very effective against mildew and other decay organisms. * becomes argon when it interacts with electron neutrinos. * begins evaporating when mixed. * belongs to the group of elements called halogens - halogen family of elements, found in group VIIa of the periodic table * bonding with oxygen destroys the ozone molecules. * building block for nearly all chemical processes. * burns the gills. * calcium antagonist. * can affect infant airways - also react with alkenes via the electrophilic addition mechanism - be fatal after only a few deep breaths - break down and pit gold alloys if exposed often enough * can cause bleached hair to turn green - blistering of the gills and suffocation - cause, and worsens, skin irritations and rashes - clear up any skin problem - combine with ammonia and nitrogen compounds to create chloramines - contribute some adverse effects however - damage ozone - harm fish and aquatic plants - have an irritating effect - kill beneficial bacteria in the body - make skin dry and flaky - metabolize into an estrogen-like substance inside the human body - put a lid on the development of yeast - replace hydrogen on the outside of the ring - wreak havoc with hair condition * causes environmental harm at low levels. * central component of the world synthetic market. * chemical that kills microorganisms - used to disinfect water * combines with all elements except the noble gases - almost all elements to produce chlorides * comes in numerous chemical forms and methods of application. * common oxidant which is added to most public water supplies for disinfection purposes. * commonly used oxidant. * compounds together with chloramines form combined chlorine. * consists of the following isotopes. * constitutes about two-thirds of the total anions of blood plasma. * corrodes the alloy that is part of yellow or white gold jewelry. * damages the gills - the affects of many small doses of chlorine can add up to major damage. * deactivates a variety of microorganisms at rates dependent on the species. * degrades water quality and negatively impacts aquatic life. * destroys Ozone faster than it can be replenished * destroys the microbes responsible for disease - natural bacterial balance of the skin - vitamin E in the body, which is absolutely essential for the health of the heart * disinfectant that destroys disease-causing organisms - used to remove harmful bacteria from the drinking water * displaces the less electronegative halogens from compounds. * does much more than kill microorganisms in the nation's water supply - purify swimming pool water - sanitize the wash water and maintains a low microbiological count in the water * effectively increases the removal of organic residues. * exhibits a complex reaction to temperature. * forms several oxides. - at room temperature * gives vinyl two advantages. * great bacteria and virus killer. * green, corrosive gas, which causes a severe choking sensation. * green-yellow gas. * greenish highly poisonous liquefiable gas. * greenish yellow gas at normal temperature and pressure - which combines directly with nearly all elements * greenish-yellow gas that can be combined directly with nearly every element - is slightly soluble in water - with a strong irritating odor - gas, two and one half times as heavy as air * greenish-yellow, poisonous gas with a disagreeable, suffocating odor. - that damages enzymes * has a bad reputation - characteristic penetrating and irritating odor - distinctive green-yellow color - pungent, irritating odor similar to bleach that is detectable at low concentrations - residual effect, which means it works for a while after being added to the water - sharp, irritating and penetrating odor - shelf life of six months, so be sure to use fresh bleach - strong chemical attraction for ozone - tendency to gain one electron - variety of uses - wide range of isotopes - diverse applications across many product sectors - many uses , including keeping drinking water safe * has the capacity to take in two electrons, whereas chlorine dioxide can absorb five - same effect * has two naturally occurring isotopes - stable isotopes * hazardous gas that is strongly corrosive. * helps make possible many of the miracles of modern medicine - purify water and prevents bacterial infections - remove manganese and hydrogen sulfide in the same way * highly corrosive chemical, especially in concentrated form - effective spot algicide * highly reactive element * irritates eyes and skin, bleaches swimwear and shortens the life of vinyl pool liners - eyes, nose membranes, and lungs and it leaves skin and hair dry and flaky - the skin, the eyes, and the respiratory system * is absorbed chiefly from the small intestine - actually a more powerful disinfectant than chloramine * is added again after filtration for post-disinfection - as a disinfectant according to state and federal regulations * is added for destruction of harmful bacteria in the water - disinfection to prevent disease - virus inactivation and to kill any bacteria - into the waste water flow at the influent pipe - to city water supplies to control bacteria and living organisms * is added to disinfect the finished water - wastewater and to kill pathogenic organisms - water from any microbial containments * is added to drinking water as a solution - either a gas or after having been already dissolved in water * is added to keep bacteria from developing in the water - the water supply safe * is added to kill any bacteria and fluoride is added for the prevention of tooth decay - bacteria in water pipes - harmful bacteria, protozoans and viruses - most countries drinking water to protect against bacteria - swimming pools to keep the water safe for swimming * is added to the flow as it enters the chlorine contact chamber - incoming water to kill micro-organisms - wastewater to destroy bacteria * is added to the water as a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria and viruses - dump or rinse at the packhouse to prevent the spread of spores * is added to the water for a final disinfection - disinfection to protect against waterborne diseases * is added to the water to kill bacteria, and fluoride is added to help prevent tooth decay - kill most disease-causing organisms - wastewater as a disinfectant before it is discharged - water leaving the greenhouse as a final disinfection stage * is also a highly corrosive substance, capable of damaging skin, eyes, and other membranes - small contributor to ozone destruction * is also an essential component in the production of many life-saving pharmaceuticals - important participant in complex natural atmospheric chemical reactions - oxidizer used in purifying drinking water - dangerous to transport and store - familiar as a bleaching agent - important in the manufacture of paints, aerosol propellants and plastics - widely used in drinking water purification and waste-water disinfection * is an active element, reacting with water , organic compounds, and many metals - acutely toxic chemical * is an effective disinfectant and bleach - treatment, however, because it destroys the food supply of Legionella - emotive subject - essential elemental building block * is an example of a metal - p-block element - important constituent of many poison gases - inhibitor of the endocrine system and a major carcinogen - applied in either a gas, liquid or dry form * is available as solid tablets for swimming pools - in either gas, liquid, or solid forms - bubbled through a solution of calcium iodide to produce calcium chloride and iodine - central to water purification and eliminating disease - chemical elements - chemically very active - contained in appreciable amounts in most fertilizer mixtures - derived from salt, and used to make vinyls - dissipated rapidly by sunlight - drawn off only one cylinder at a time - effective against bacteria and many viruses * is effective in killing polyoma as are many commercially available disinfectants * is emitted as hydrochloric acid into the atmosphere - from acid regeneration plants * is especially harmful to organisms living in water and in soil - harsh on children's sensitive skin and hair * is essential for certain digestive enzymes and for carbon dioxide transport - in producing many life-saving medicines - to human life - evolved because it is in high concentration * is extremely damaging to the hair and scalp - toxic to fish and other aquatic life * is fed into the water in gaseous form - to kill pathogenic bacteria, and to reduce unpleasant odors * is found as a heavy yellowish green gas - largely in seawater where it exists as sodium chloride - generally toxic to fish and other aquatic life - greenish colored gas - hard on everyting it comes in contact with, spa covers, skin filters - harmful to land hermit crabs - heavier than air and the cloud formed tends to spread along the ground * is highly reactive - toxic to fish and life in general - housed indoors, so gas leaks are less severe - in a group of elements having seven electrons in their outer shells - inactivated in the presence of organic material - injected to keep bacteria from growing in the distribution system mains - instantaneously and almost inexhaustibly oxidized - introduced to the remaining water for disinfection to kill any remaining bacteria - irreplaceable in our economy - irritants - known to form numerous compounds after it is added to municipal water supplies * is less reliable than iodine for chemical disinfection - stable then chloramine and airs out in just a few days - lethal in an enclosed space - liberated at the anode - located in swimming pools * is manufactured commercially by running an electric current through salt water - from potassium chloride, as well as sodium chloride, or table salt - in two ways * is measured in the field using a portable instrument - portable analytical instrumentation * is more active than iodine - effective in colder water * is more electronegative and attracts the electrons more strongly - than hydrogen - susceptible to reduction to chloride in more acidic conditions - naturally present as organic compounds in the sea, in rivers and in plants * is necessary for proper functioning of a human body - in order to kill certain bacteria that are harmful to people * is needed to maintain disinfection throughout the distribution system - the water distribution system - neither explosive nor flammable * is one chemical that is used to treat drinking water - used to purify water - of a number of substances that undergo photochemical reactions * is one of the most common elements in nature - commonly perceived tastes associated with municipal water - important basic chemicals in the chemical industry - toxic elements found in nature - ten most important industrial chemicals - universe's basic elements * is present in most city water supplies * is produced commercially by the electrolysis of sodium chloride - the electrolysis of salt water - quite toxic when inhaled - rare in the atmosphere - reacted with seawater to change the iodide to iodine - reactive , very corrosive , and very poisonous - reduced at the cathode - released very quickly - removed and minerals are added for taste - represented by a green object - required in photosythesis - safe at the levels used for water treatment - shipped as a liquid in steel bottles or tank cars - so toxic that it was used during World War II as a poison gas - stable in steel containers at room temperature when dry - still the most effective way of disinfecting domestic wastewater * is the chemical added to water for disinfection - fish killing agent - greatest cripple and killer of the modern times * is the main chemical used to clean the water, mostly because it is cheapest - compound which reduces the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere - most common chemical disinfectant, but ozone is also an important option * is the most common disinfectant used in the United States and Canada - to treat drinking water and swimming pools - pool disinfectant and is effective against most germs * is the most effective anion in lowering urine pH and, therefore, making blood more acidic - killer of bacteria in water supplies - important chemical added to water in terms of public health * is the most widely applied disinfecting agent for swimming pool water - used drinking water disinfectant in North America - name of the element * is toxic and for that reason is extremely anti-bacterial - treated somewhat differently * is used as a bleach and disinfectant - disinfectant against waterborne microbiological infections * is used by the city as a disinfectant - paper industry for two purposes * is used extensively in polymers and in organic chemistry - the treatment of our water system to make it safe to drink * is used for disinfection and odor control - producing safe drinking water all around the world * is used in industry and in household cleaning products - pools and drinking water because it great disinfectant - small quantities in swimming pools and hot tubs * is used in water and swimming pools - purification because it is effective and it is persistent - purification, and as a disinfectant and antiseptic - most often to disinfect private wells * is used to assure the bacterial safety of the drinking water - clean out germs in water - control bacteria in the sanitary plant effluent * is used to disinfect drinking water supplies, pool water and sewage treatment effluent - municipal water supplies and water in swimming pools * is used to disinfect the plant effluent before it is discharged to the Town Branch Creek * is used to kill disease-causing organisms and for odor control - microbes in many treatment facilities * is used to make many products, including paper, plastic, paint and pesticides - water clearer and purer - manufacture each of the following products - remove any hazardous bacteria - worldwide to ensure that water is drinkable * is very active and is used in acids and bleaches which kill germs - bad for hermit crabs * is very effective against algae , bacteria and viruses - bacteria but less effective against viruses and protozoa - harmful to fish - irritating and greenish-yellow gas - soluble in water so is simply dissolved in the supply - virtually ineffective on crypto at levels typically used for disinfection * is, essentially, bleach. * keeps tap water clean and is the key to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. * kills any remaining bacteria left in the water - living creatures, and can be harmful to birds - microbes in tap water and swimming pools - the good flora in the intestinal tract * major environmentally destructive agent - source of dioxin, one of the most toxic chemicals the world has ever known * makes hair brittle and dry, and can make sensitive skin flaky and itchy - sure that nothing can live in the water - up two percent by weight of all sea water on Earth * member of the halogen family. * method of disinfection commonly used for drinking water. * needs time to kill iron bacteria. * notoriously causes hair to become brittle. * noxious and corrosive yellow-green chemical - dangerous gas * occurs both inside and outside the cell - naturally in the oceans * often irritates the eyes and lungs. * plays havoc with our skin and hair, chemically bonding with the protein in our bodies. * poison present in nearly all dishwashing detergents. * poisonous greenish-yellow gas with a strong, bad smell. * poisonous, greenish-yellow gas described as having a choking odor. * potent irritant to the eyes, lungs and skin. * powerful irritant that can inflict damage to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. * prevents water-borne epidemics such as cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis. * process gas. * produces by-products that contribute to cancer and birth defects. * protects our system from bacterial growth. * ranks third in electronegativity. * reactive yellow-green gas. * reacts readily with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride - specifically with the copper and nickel portions of gold jewelry alloys - to create new carcinogens * reacts with and destroys ozone molecules, making holes in the ozone layer - bromides and iodides to make bromine and iodine - certain metals and organic matter in the water - dissolved iron to form particles of iron that settle out of the water - hydrogen sulfide and water forming hydrochloric acid * reacts with many elements of both metals and nonmetals to give chlorides - organic compounds to form chlorinated derivatives * reacts with naturally occurring organic compounds in the water to form haloforms - matter and forms chlorinated and brominated DBPs * reacts with organic material to form carcinogenic compounds - nitrogenous matter in the water - white phosphorus forming phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus pentachloride * reduces odorous tastes in the water. * remains the most popular form of pool sanitation. * respiratory irritant. * salt in solution. * saves lives. * serves as a catalyst for a process that destroys ozone, turning it into breathable oxygen. * special gas. * speeds the degradation for all of the dyes. * strong bleach and is dangerous - oxidant, oxidizing metals to form their chlorides - oxidizing agent and as a result is effective in killing bacteria - powerful oxidant which can promote corrosion * substance that is relatively easy to remove. * surface sterilant. * tends to be taken for granted. * toxic gas that attacks living cells - the respiratory system, eyes, and skin * toxic, deadly chemical - pale, yellow-green gas with an irritating odor and low solubility in water * typical nonmetal. * venom that slowly poisons the animals, causes blindness and, eventually, death. * very active element - dangerous material * very reactive chemical and can damage the steel's oxide coating - safe and efficient way of killing bacteria in water supplies - strong chemical that destroys sperm pretty quickly * well proven disinfectant for the prevention of water borne disease outbreaks. * works because it powerful and toxic oxidizing agent - better in warmer water * yellow-green gas at room temperature. * yellowish green gas with a strong bleach smell and is quite toxic. + Chlorine, Properties, Chemical properties * Chlorine is highly reactive. It is more reactive than bromine but less reactive than fluorine. It reacts with most things to make chlorides. It can even burn things instead of oxygen. It dissolves in water to make a mixture of hypochlorous acid and hydrochloric acid. Chlorine reacts with bromides and iodides to make bromine and iodine - Physical properties: Chemical elements :: Halogens * Chlorine is very irritating and greenish-yellow gas. It has a strong smell like bleach. It is toxic. It can be made into a liquid when cooled. It is heavier than air + Iodine, Preparation: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals * Kelp was burned and the iodine extracted from the ashes in the 18th and 19th century, but now it is not good enough for common use. Most iodine now is extracted from seawater. Chlorine is reacted with seawater to change the iodide to iodine. Air is blown over the water to evaporate the iodine. Then the iodine is reduced with sulfur dioxide to hydriodic acid. Then the hydriodic acid is oxidized with chlorine again to make iodine. This process is repeated until the iodine is pure.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | chlorine: Elemental chlorine * breaks up the lignin molecule by adding chlorine to the lignin. * pale, yellowy green gas at room temperature. Gaseous chlorine * is pumped into liquid aluminum to react with and remove impurities. * reacts with hydrocarbons to form chlorinated hydrocarbons. Liquid chlorine * burns the skin and gaseous chlorine irritates the mucus membranes. * causes frost burns and is corrosive to human tissue. * is amber in color - available in many forms, including laundry bleach and postharvest wash materials - mixed into drinking water and swimming pools to destroy bacteria - shipped under pressure in steel containers - used to control allergy, slime, etc Total chlorine * combination of free chlorine and combined chlorine. * is simply the sum of combined and free levels - the sum of the free chlorine and chloramines present Computer hardware * collection of switches. * is an element - computer hardware - devices - electronic devices - products - the platform from which the applications operate<|endoftext|>### element | computer hardware: Mainframe * are digital computers - large centralized computers - machines - powerful servers that predate most computing systems available today * are the computer types most attacked by worms - computers at the heart of many businesses and government agencies - largest and faster type of computers * is computer hardware - electronic equipment - one of the largest computer animation houses in the world * tend to be large physically and provide server power to multiple computers and users. Sequencer * Most sequencers are computer programs, but some are built in to keyboards. * are apparatus * come in different sizes and shapes. * is computer hardware Different element * crystallize at different temperatures. * have different physical properties. * reflect and absorb light in characteristically different ways.<|endoftext|>### element: Dubnium * has no biological role - commercial applications - seven recognized isotopes - produced artificially and only small amounts have been made. * It has the symbol 'Db'. It has the atomic number 105. It very radioactive element that does not exist in nature. It has to be made. The isotope that has the longest half-life only has a half life of 32 hours. Dubnium transactinide element * radioactive synthetic metal and has only been produced in tiny amounts. * synthetic element about which little is known. - or super-heavy element Essential element * are very important to the plants' growth. * require for growth - plant growth<|endoftext|>### element: Ether * Most ethers readily form vapors and are extremely flammable. * Some ethers form explosive peroxides on exposure to air and light. * are generally unreactive compounds - relatively inert and make good organic solvents - the most notorious peroxide formers * behaves much like a fluid through the Void. * can act as a narcotic, depressing the central nervous system - form dangerous peroxides on exposure to air and light * contain an oxygen attached to two carbons as the characteristic functional group. * have an oxygen bond between two carbons. - mediums - organic compounds
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Fluorine * adds to the strength and rigidity given to bones by calcium. * also plays a role in the composition of glass for optical fibers. * being a cumulative bone-seeking mineral, the resultant skeletal changes are progressive. * can be a deadly to animals after an eruption. * colorless gas in it's elemental state. * combines with phosphorus quite readily. * corrosive pale yellow gas. * entering the body rapidly moves to the hard tissues. * forms diatomic molecules that are gaseous at room temperature. * gaseous element which in the form of fluorides is fairly widely distributed in nature. * halogen element. * highly reactive element which likes to bond with other elements - gaseous substance - pale yellow gas, and found in igneous and sedimentary rock * includes atoms. * increases the bioavailability of calcium and helps to buffer acids present in the mouth. * is about one and one-third times, as heavy as air. * is also a common substitute for the hydroxyl in the brucite-like sheets - poisonous - with highly toxic and can eat away at any substance - enzyme poison - essential element in the chemical ion of fluoride - extremely reactive pale yellow gas - available commercially in cylinders but is very difficult to handle - chemical elements - considered the most active of all of the elements - derived from the early use of fluospar as a flux, thus the Latin fluor , to flow * is essential for healthy dental and bone formation - the maintenance of solidity of our bones - extremely corrosive to the skin, causing damage similar to second-degree thermal burns - flammable gas, with a nasty smell - found in tap water and toothpaste, which have benifical effects on the teeth - gases - high, As are others nearby - highly toxic and corrosive - known to have thirteen isotopes - one of the most reactive elements * is so electronegative that it makes a very poor leaving group - reactive it is produced by electrolysis * is the most active element, so it combines with almost anything - of all the elements * is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements - negatively charged and most chemically active of all elements on earth - powerful oxidizer known - powerfully oxidizing element * is the most reactive and the most electronegative of all the elements * is the most reactive of all the elements - the halogens and extremely dangerous to handle - reactive, while iodine is the least reactive - smallest, lightest, and most reactive member of the halogen group - too reactive - used by the body in dental and bone formations * is used in rocket fuels, glass, enamel, and bricks - the production of uranium - tooth paste * is used to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons - produce many chemicals , including several high-temperature plastics * is very difficult to isolate - electronegative and bonds very tightly to the carbon * isolate from everything. * joins with carbon to form a class of compounds known as fluorocarbons. * liberates energy when it condenses. * light yellow diatomic gas. * makes the compound more stable in an acid environment. * member of group VIIa of the periodic table. * occurs naturally in the earth's crust where it can be found in rocks, coal and clay. * only forms hypofluorous acid. * pale yellow gas that reacts with practically all organic compounds - yellow, diatomic, highly corrosive, flammable gas, with a pungent odor * pale, yellow-green gas that has a strong, sharp odor. * pollutes agricultural land. * reacts explosively with hydrogen in a manner similar to that of alkali metals - vigorously with water liberating oxygen as ozone and forming hydrogen fluoride - violently and decomposes to hydrofluoric acid on contact with moisture * reacts with many materials normally recommended for handling compressed gases - most inorganic and organic compounds * very reactive, poisonous gas. * yellowish, poisonous, highly corrosive gas. + Fluorine, Properties: Nonmetals :: Halogens * Fluorine is a light yellow diatomic gas. It is very reactive gas, which exists as diatomic molecules. It is actually the most reactive element. Fluorine has a very high attraction for electrons, because it is missing one. This makes it the most powerful oxidizing agent. It does not need a spark. * Fluorine has a very high attraction for electrons, because it is missing one. This makes it the most powerful oxidizing agent. It does not need a spark. Metals can catch on fire when placed in a stream of fluorine. After it is reduced by reacting with other things, it forms the stable fluoride ion. Fluorine is very poisonous. Fluorine bonds very strongly with carbon. It can react with the unreactive noble gases. It explodes when mixed with hydrogen - Safety * Fluorine as an element is extremely reactive and toxic. It can react with almost everything, even glass. Fluorine is also poisonous - Uses * Fluorine is used to enrich uranium for nuclear weapons. It is also used to make sulfur hexafluoride. Sulfur hexafluoride is used to propel stuff out of an aerosol can. It is also used to make integrated circuits. Fluorine compounds have many uses. Fluoride ions are in fluorine compounds + Halogen: Halogens * The elements in the group are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, and ununseptium. They are very reactive, so they are likely to join with other elements on the left side of the periodic table to make compounds. This is due to the fact that they are missing one electron. They are rarely found alone in nature, except astatine, which is not found in nature. Fluorine is the most reactive, while iodine is the least reactive. Astatine is very radioactive and hard to get.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | fluorine: Hot fluorine * makes bromine pentafluoride. + Bromine trifluoride, Preparation: Bromine compounds :: Fluorine compounds * It is made by reacting cold fluorine with bromine. Hot fluorine makes bromine pentafluoride.<|endoftext|>### element: Germanium * are chemical elements - semiconductor. * Its chemical symbol is 'Ge'. Its atomic number is 32. It was discovered by Clemens Winkler. It shiny, hard, silver-white metalloid. The chemistry of Germanium is quite like tin. Germanium forms a large number of organometallic compounds. It is an important semiconductor material used in transistors * carries oxygen to the cells. * enhances the availability of oxygen to both normal and cancer cells. * forms many alloys, most importantly with the coinage metals * is an element - in column four in the periodic table and has four valence electrons * looks like a metal. * ranks near fiftieth in relative abundance of the elements in the Earth's crust. * resembles silicon. ### element | germanium: Pure germanium * hard, lustrous, gray-white, brittle metalloid. * semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. Heating element * are components - located in ovens * are part of electric heaters - gas ranges - parts * come in a wide range of sizes. * deliver uniform heat for even browning. Heavier element * are less efficient nuclear fuel, so each cycle takes less time - present in combination with hydrogen - produced when certain massive stars achieve a supernova stage and explode * can only supply energy by fission. * exist only in trace amounts. * have a slower speed than lighter elements. * require relatively more neutrons to stabilize the nucleus.<|endoftext|>### element: Heavy element * Most heavy elements sink to bottoms. * have more neutrons than protons. - the bottom while lighter elements float to the top, and gases rise there too + Supernova, Supernovas and life * Without supernovas there would be no life on Earth. This is because many of the chemical elements were made in supernova explosions. Heavy elements are needed to make living things. The supernova is the only way heavy elements can be made. Other elements were made by fusion in stars. Heavy elements need very high temperature and pressure to form. In a macho supernova explosion the temperature and pressure are so high that heavy elements can be made. Scientists call this 'supernova nucleosynthesis'. Helium * Most helium has energy - many unique properties - is produced commercially from certain natural gas wells * Some helium becomes liquids. * Some helium has molecular weight - viscosity * has benefits - forces * includes atoms.<|endoftext|>### element | helium: Liquid helium * continues to play a role in space cryogenics. * cooled devices are difficult to operate in the laboratory and even more so in space. * helps to keep the system that cold. * is much denser than gaseous helium, so it can fall - supplied in both single and double-vent vessels - the simplest condensed matter system - unusually hard to store * is used to cool metals for superconductivity use - make superconductive magnets * possesses unique properties that make it widely studied in condensed-matter physics.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Hydrogen * All hydrogen containing molecules show hydrogen bonding - hydrogens bonded to I.C.s are fragments * More hydrogen is consumed in fusion reactions and converted to helium. * Most hydrogen has mass - values * Most hydrogen is in molecular form in hot stars - used in the production of ammonia and in metal refining * Some hydrogen combines with metal * Some hydrogen has charge - negative charge * Some hydrogen has partial charge - positive charge - thermal conductivity - produces electricity - still exists around the helium core, in a spherical shell * can appear in the structure. * catches fire easily. * combines with nitrogen. * disperses quickly - rapidly in normal open environments * is located in air - chemistry labs - oceans - universes - near stars - made of subatomic particles - part of water * perxoide is stable at room temperature. + Sigmatropic reaction, Overview of Sigmatropic Shifts, Woodward-Hoffman Sigmatropic Shift Nomenclature: Rearrangement reactions * A special notation is used to describe sigmatropic shifts. Each of the carbon atoms on the backbone of the molecule are assigned a position number. When the sum of i and j is an even number, this is an indication of the involvement of a neutral, all C atom chain. An odd number suggests that there is a charged C atom or of a heteroatom lone pair replacing a carbon-carbon double bond. Hydrogens are omitted in the third example for clarity. ### element | hydrogen: Atomic hydrogen * is composed of an electron electrically bound to a proton forming neutral hydrogen. * powerful reductive agent, even at ambient temperature. Metallic hydrogen * appears more like mercury. * is known to exist in the cores of Jupiter and Saturn. Neutral hydrogen * normal hydrogen atom with one proton and one electron. * normal, electrically neutral hydrogen atom with one proton and one electron.<|endoftext|>### element | hydrogen: Pure hydrogen * is produced anaerobically and converted to electricity via a solid-oxide fuel cell - used as the anode fuel, air is used as the cathode feed - very uncommon in the Earth's atmosphere + Hydrogen, Hydrogen in nature: Nonmetals * Pure hydrogen is very uncommon in the Earth's atmosphere. In nature, it is usually in water. Hydrogen is also in all living things, as a part of the organic compounds that living things are made of. In addition, hydrogen atoms can combine with carbon atoms to form hydrocarbons. Petroleum and other fossil fuels are made of these hydrocarbons and commonly used to create energy for human use.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Iodine * More iodine deepens color and more vinegar lightens. * Most iodine has weight - increases excretion - now is extracted from seawater - reacts with starches * Some iodine combines with starches - has properties - intake leads to thyroid problems * attaches to insulin receptors and improves glucose metabolism. * changes color in the presence of starch. * concentrates in the thyroid gland when inhaled or eaten. * dissolves only slightly in water. * enters thyroids. * includes atoms. * is an element - chemical elements - located in backpacks - solids * regulates growth and metabolism. * stains hands and clothes and is toxic. * tends to be concentrated in the Earth's crust in only a few places. * turns colorless when mixed with a reducing agent - starch blue + Iodine, Preparation: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals * Kelp was burned and the iodine extracted from the ashes in the 18th and 19th century, but now it is not good enough for common use. Most iodine now is extracted from seawater. Chlorine is reacted with seawater to change the iodide to iodine. Air is blown over the water to evaporate the iodine. Then the iodine is reduced with sulfur dioxide to hydriodic acid. Then the hydriodic acid is oxidized with chlorine again to make iodine. This process is repeated until the iodine is pure - Uses * Some metals are purified using their iodides. Silver iodide is used in photographic film and cloud seeding. Erythrosine is a food coloring that has iodine in it. Iodine can be used to make illegal drugs so it is restricted in some areas. Iodine can be used as a test for reducing agents. Iodine turns colorless when mixed with a reducing agent. Iodine also turns black when mixed with starch. Iodides become colored when mixed with oxidizing agents<|endoftext|>### element | iodine: Radioactive iodine * affects the thyroid gland. * by-product of some types of nuclear reactors. * can cross the placenta and it can destroy thyroid cells in the fetus. * causes fatal thyroid cancer. * decreases the function of thyroid cells and inhibits their ability to grow. * has a short half-life, so the radioactivity disappears within a few days. * is absorbed by the body from air, food or drink, especially cows' milk. * is given as a drink along with water - either in a capsule or in a tasteless solution in water - injected to treat feline hyperthyroidism - known to concentrate in the thyroid gland - more toxic than many other radionuclides * is taken orally - up and metabolized by the thyroid in exactly the same way - the preferred treatment for many cats * provides a simple and safe treatment for hyperthyroidism. * treatments as well as surgery tend to produce hypothyroidism. Mendelevium * are chemical elements - radioactive substances * has no biological role - commercial applications, but remains of interest to science researchers - naturally occurring isotopes - part of the actinide series - produced through charged-particle of lighter elements in particle accelerators - radioactive and therefore considered harmful * metal of the actinide series in group IIIb of the periodic table.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element: Metal * All metal conducts electricity - has to be extracted from the earth * All metals are always full of electrons - attracted to magnets because they are able to create their own magnetic field - conductors - electrically conductive - full of movable charges - more or less soluble in acid, but different metals are soluble in different acids - persistent, can accumulate and cause toxic effects - can conduct electricity as they have a giant metallic structure - come from ore deposits found in the Earth's crust - conduct electricity well, but some better than others - corrode - emit electrons thermionically if they become hot enough * All metals have a potential - low emittances - oxides that are basic, although some, such as aluminium, have amphoteric properties - specific relative electrical potential - interact with the oxygen in the atmosphere in some way * All metals react differently when exposed to soil for a long time - with fluorine, but conditions vary with the metal * Completely rinse tin and aluminum cans. * Describe the extraction of metals from ores and methods of consolidating metals. * Many metals absorb hydrogen. * Many metals are essential elements for life needed in minute amounts by organisms - good at donating electrons, thus fostering oxidation * Many metals can affect the permanence of paper, or interfere with the paper manufacturing process - dissolve in mercury - tolerate significant plastic deformation before failing - corrode in reaction to the oxygen in the air - create the illusion of being colored - dramatically lose all electrical resistance when they are chilled to low temperatures * Many metals have allotropic crystalline forms that are stable at different temperatures - high strength, high stiffness, and have good ductility - produce flame colors * Many metals react with dilute acids, forming salts and giving off hydrogen - oxygen to form oxides - serve the gem carver * Most metal absorbs heat - becomes conductors * Most metal conducts electricity * Most metal contains irons * Most metal has antimicrobial properties - atomic radii - conductivity - density * Most metal has different applications - resistance values - electrical conductivity - electrochemical potential - low density * Most metal has many applications - negative potential - physical properties - thermal conductivity * Most metal includes aluminum - reacts with acid * Most metals are able to conduct electricity - conductors of electricity - considered to be good conductors of electrical current - electrical conductors - good conductors and materials such as plastic and rubber are good insulators * Most metals are good conductors of heat and electricity - heat and they are solids at room temperature - electrical conductors, and electric current can flow freely * Most metals are gray in color - or silver - hard and they feel heavy - malleable and ductile and are, in general, denser than other substances - mixed with sulfur to form sulfide ores - of natural origin and a fundamental component of the earth's crust - opaque - pretty strong and hard - prone to oxidation in some form or another - strong , dense , and good conductors of both electricity and heat * Most metals become extremely hot in seconds instead of minutes or hours in a typical furnace - poorer conductors when heated, and better conductors when cooled - conduct electricity readily - corrode rapidly with wet hydrogen iodide - crystallize as they cool from a molten state to a solid form - don t have both * Most metals have a tendency to give up electrons - very low electrical resistivity - high melting points and all except mercury are solid at room temperature - smaller specific heats - located in the p , d , and f sublevels can have more than one - look shiny and are found in the earth's ground - undergo similar reactions * Some metal causes health problems - major health problems * Some metal combines with mercury - nonmetal * Some metal has bonds - low resistance - metallic appearances - poor solubility * Some metal includes copper - titanium * Some metal reacts with air - ceramic metal * Some metal reduces effective thermal resistance - uses in plugs * Some metals adopt different structures depending on the temperature - affect the nervous system, especially heavy metals such as lead, mercury and manganese - also interfere with certain enzymatic processes * Some metals are better heat conductors than others - capable of forming ions with more than one electrical charge - common ingredients in pesticides and herbicides * Some metals are essential for life and are naturally available in our food and water - proper functioning of living organisms while others are nonessential - just more electrically conductive than others - light and bendable like copper and aluminum, which are often used to make wire - toxic and others can be damaging to the respiratory system - become especially dangerous in powdered form, notably titanium - can boil and burst into flames when placed in thermite , such as zinc * Some metals can cause cancer - the aluminium to wear away through electrochemical corrosion of the hull - sustain huge deformations, a phenomenon called superplasticity - decompose if heated sufficiently - exhibiting great tensile strength are copper, iron, and platinum - form positive ions in more than one oxidation state * Some metals give off different colors of light when they are burned - only colorless or gray beads - have better thermal disappation characteristics than others - make better batteries than others - melt at very high temps and are difficult to cast - oxidize very easily, such as aluminum, titanium, and magnesium - used in reel seats include steel, aluminum, nickel, and titanium - the radiated RF energy and prevents it from reaching the key tag * accumulate in topsoil and poison crops, food, and important soil microbial groups. * affect the flavors of coffee and tea. * also become more toxic in highly acid soils - expand and contract due to temperature change * also have considerable elasticity - the physical properties of magnetism and malleability * appear in the municipal solid waste stream from a variety of sources. * are a fraction of the cost of solid cast metal - special problem for treatment plants as lead, cadmium in Milwaukee - acid-etched or anodized using sulfuric, phosphoric, or chromic acids - among the most abundant elements in nature - an important component of urban run off and are attributed to water quality degradation - around in most rivers in trace amounts - called as solids that are crystalline in nature - colored because the absorption and re-emission of light are dependent on wavelength - commodities - comparatively malleable, optically reflective, and electrically conductive - conductive, whereas nonmetals are resistant - considered as good conductors of electricity - constructed from positive ions in a sea of electrons - crystaline because their atoms are arranged in a regular sequence - crystalline when in the solid form * are different from insulators - than other materials in that they store heat energy as wiggling electrons - ductile and absorb energy through plastic deformation - ductile, malleable, electrically conductive and thermally conductive - durable - easy and cheap to form and stamp - elastic materials that can only withstand a certain number of stress cycles - electro-positive elements and form complex salts * are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity - usually conduct heat and electricity and are shiny - whose atoms easily lose their outer electrons - especially good at conducting heat because they have electrons in - essential components of life, but are harmful when present in excess - even easier to cut * are excellent conductors of both heat and electricity - heat, whereas air is very poor conductor of heat - expensive to treat and dispose - extremely versatile materials - frequently present in active centers of enzymes * are generally good conductors of electricity, have high thermal conductivity - very good conductors, meaning they let current flow easily - giant structures of atoms held together by metallic bonds - good at moving heat * are good conductors due to low resistance - for electricity and heat, they are ductile and malleable * are good conductors of electric current - heat , so water can freeze faster than in a plastic ice tray - plastic bad conductor of heat * are good conductors of heat, but non-metals and gases are usually poor conductors of heat - thermal energy * are good conductors, both of electric charge and heat - while wood and rocks are example of nonconductive matter - electrical conductors because they have a high concentration of free electrons - electron donors, and nonmetals are good electron acceptors - great but on a nanometer scale they react explosively with water - hard and durable * are highly conductive and offer little resistance to electric currents - soluble and mobile in surface and groundwater - in fertilizers, sewage sludge, soils, groundwater, and from water distribution systems - inherently good electrical conductors - known as the best conductors due to their natural state - located on the left side and the middle of the periodic table - lustrous * are malleable and ductile in nature - because their atoms are arranged in flat planes that can slide past each other - mined from the Earth - much better conductors of heat than the rocky covering that Earth-like planets have - naturally present throughout the Earth in varying-concentrations - notorious for producing interesting chemical behavior - of similar origin - often shiny - opaque, lustrous solids that are both malleable and ductile - particularly strong inhibitors of the reactions - polycrystalline - probably the oldest toxins known to humans - recyclable and as such remain available for future generations - said to be malleable * are shiny and lustrous with a high density - because they reflect light well - sonorous - still extensively mined in Ireland * are the least electronegative of the elements - materials of choice for high reflectivity mirrors - most frequently identified pollutant in rivers and lakes * are thus good conductors of electricity - uniformly lustrous and, except for copper and gold, are silvery or greyish - used to make objects because of the properties that they have * are usually conductors and non-metals are usually insulators - good conductors of both, and their conductance coefficients are high - inclined to form cations through electron loss - malleable, ductile, and shiny - shiny, malleable, hard and are good conductors of electricity and heat - solid substances at room temperature * are very conductive compared to non metals - good conductors of heat, while air is very poor conductor of heat - useful to people * are, in fact, transparent to higher frequencies such as X-rays - general, much better conductors of heat than insulators * attracts electricity. * become better conductors of electricity as the temperature is lowered. * begin corroding. * behave a little bit differently - differently than ceramics, and ceramics behave differently than polymers * binding by the protein is transduced into a capacitance change. * buried in soil or marine conditions often suffer from biological corrosion. * can also bond to cellular macromolecules in the human body. * can be bent and shaped without breaking - either monatomic such as copper, or an alloy such as steel - catch on fire when placed in a stream of fluorine - conduct because the electrons are relatively free - contaminate people's water from both the source and the distribution system * can easily be bent or hammered into shape - bent, machined, cast or extruded into shape - form or be part of many different minerals - linger in the environment and in human bodies for long periods of time * can react to dangerous products with other ions - with solutions to reduce ions * carbenes in organic synthesis. * casting jigs are deadly for barracuda and sometimes for yellowtail and tuna. * chelates in gas chromatography. * combines with elements - other elements * come from a variety of sources, including agriculture, industry and vehicles - minerals found in the Earth's crust * comes in so many thicknesses. * coming from urban runoff have several adverse impacts. * concentrate in the body regions most compromised. * conduct electricity and heat well - by moving electrons throughout the substance - very easily and have high conductivity - low resistivity * conduct heat and electricity easily - electricity, are hard, deformable, shiny, etc - much better then plastic or glass for example - or transfer heat very quickly * conducts electricity well - electricity, can be super heated, frozen, or rusted * consist of a lattice of positive ions through which a cloud of electrons moves. * contain free moving delocalized electrons. * containing nickel give particularly strong signals for easy identification. * contains foreign particles * corrode, paint cracks and chips, wood decays. * cutting with a laser very different process. * does have edges, which, when left unfinished, can be sharp. * expands when heated - warm and contracts when cool * extracted by mining are durable and the most recyclable of all materials on earth. * flows at right angles to the ram force, increasing diameter and reducing length - like putty, or simply vaporises * form a calx by giving off phlogiston. * forming theory Compare the metal shearing process with the metal forming process. * forms compounds - insulate oxide * generally are Malleable - have a low electron affinity * grow stronger as they decline in value. - charge carrier density - ranges * have a larger thermal conductivity than wood and can more easily transfer heat to the hand - lustrous appearance and are electrical conductors - thermal expansion coefficient - whole bunch of physical properties that are similar - an ability to form mixtures which are called as alloys - characteristic properties that can be explained in terms of bonding - fairly low resistivity and allow electricity to flow easily - high melting and boiling points - large specific heats, that is why they conduct heat well * have lots of electrons which can move freely, and therefore metals conduct electricity - free electrons that's why they are good conductor of electricity - freely moving electrons * have low electron affinities while nonmetals have high electron affinities - electronegativities since they have weak attraction for any shared electrons - electronegativity and are electron donors - lower ionization energies than nonmetals - many properties in common - metallic bonds, which generate a giant structure - naturally high surface energies provided by their oxide layers - one, two, or three electrons in their outermost shell - the capacity to reflect about ninety percent of light that falls on it - thermal and electrical conduction in close proportion, unlike many non-metals * have very low absorption rates * help the oils absorb oxygen after they are applied, resulting in hard films. * helps determine product characteristics such as hardness, color and refractoriness. * hydrides Oxidative addition and reductive elimination. * impart the reflective surface to mirrors. - iron and steel, ferrous and nonferrous metals * is an element - capable of burns - harder than plastic - heavies - inanimate objects * is located in cars - instruments - music style * is used for castings - machinings - makes * just tend to be more efficent and non-metals less. * lasts longer than shingles and rolled roofing. * lose electrons easily to form anions - in chemical reactions, non-metals gain electrons or form covalent bonds - more easily than nonmetals * make good conductors because only the electrons move in metal conductors - materials to measure * make up another materials group, specifically aluminum lithium and improved titanium alloys - the crucial components for machines, instruments, and structures * moves more than nonmetallic building elements, such as wood or concrete. * objects in a magnetic field affect it. * occur mainly on the left-hand side of the periodic table. * offer good models to investigate magnetism in general - high electrical conductivity, excellent reflectivity and superior barrier properties * often crystallize in a three dimensional version of the hexagonal closest packed structure - have a metallic lustre, which means that they're very shiny - react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds - release electrons from their outer energy level * play a vital part in any war effort - an important role in the dyeing of textiles * precipitate , creating chimneys of ore deposits. * produces a very different sound from that of wood - water, and water represents money * react by losing electrons - vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO * react with halogens to form halogen compounds which are stable in presence of water - non-metals to form ionic compounds in which the metal becomes positively charged - oxygen to form basic oxides * reacts violently with oxidants * reduces Earth because earth is exhausted in the process of producing metal. * reflect light rather than transmitting or absorbing it. * released from the slag can poison marine plants and animals. * rusts easily in the humid and wet climate of Japan so nails can have a short life span - when it oxidizes * rusts, and rubber bands disintegrate. * seeks a connection with the heavens. * shavings from lathing operations can injure faces and hands, resulting in lost work time. * show a wide range of chemical and physical properties. * sink and yet large ships are made of metal. * stands for mineral, gold, jewelry, iron, rock or something hard. * striking metal can also be a source of sparking. * substitutes for canvas and paper, too. * surrounded by oxygen and other combustibles can ignite and be destroyed. * tend to be more toxic at lower pH because they are more soluble - plastic because there are no directional or charge restrictions - conduct heat well and they also heat up pretty quickly - displace from solution other metals that have a lower standard potential * tend to have electrons in the outer layer of their atoms that are freely shared - high melting and boiling points because of the strength of the metallic bond - lose electrons and form positive ions * tends to go faster than snow, while wood tends to go slower. * therefore conduct electricity very easily. * thus tend to adopt relatively simple structures. * turn black when touched by the root. * turns to rust via oxidation. * typically are strong, dense, and good conductors of both electricity and heat - conduct electricity and heat well, and they are malleable and ductile * typically have a low ionization energy - many free electrons, and are good conductors - react with two, four, or six ligands * uptake by wetland plants is one potential point of entry into the food chain. * use cold connecting methods of joining. * used by the Korean craftsmen are traditional gold, silver, brass, neizilber and bronze - for plating include chromium, nickel, tin, and zinc * usually are good conductors of heat and electricity - contain poisonous materials,including the soldering from tin cans * usually have a filled shell plus one or two extra electrons - high densities - prefer to give up electrons to achieve a full shell - react to form positive ions * utensils conduct heat away and interfere with controlled crystallization. * vary in their capacity to conduct heat. * works best to conduct the heat to the water containers. + Amalgam: Chemicals * An 'amalgam' is a solution of a metal in mercury. Many metals can dissolve in mercury. Amalgams are used in tooth fillings. Platinum and iron cannot form amalgams. Gold can dissolve in mercury, which is used to separate gold from its ore. Aluminum forms an amalgam which can react with water because the thin oxide coating on the aluminum is dissolved. + Copper, Properties, Physical properties: Chemical elements :: Metals * It is very flexible and ductile. That means that it can be stretched into wires easily. Copper is also very soft, it has a Moh's hardness of 2,5 to 3. That means that it is harder than a fingernail but softer than a steel pocketknife. It is also one of the few colored metals. Most metals are gray or silver. Gold, copper, and osmium are the only three colored metals. In other words, it turns green because it oxidises. Copper corrodes in solutions having sulfides. It reacts with solutions of hydrochloric acid or ammonia containing oxygen. It can also dissolve in a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid. + Electrical resistivity: Electricity * Electrical resistivity' is a concept in electrical engineering. It is a measure of how much an electrical conductor stops the flow of electricity through it. Most metals have a very low electrical resistivity. The SI uses the ohm metre for measuring how much electrical resistivity there is. Electrical resistivity is also inverse of electrical conductivity. This term is more meaningful in case of semiconductors and insulators. + Flame test * A 'flame test' is a test for chemicals. Normally it is used to see whether there are certain metals in a chemical compound. The chemical compound is heated in a flame and a colored flame is made. The colored flame can be turned into its spectrum to analyze it. Many metals produce flame colors. The colors are made by electrons jumping up to higher orbits in the atom when it is heated. They fall down soon, putting out light as energy. + Fluorine, Properties: Nonmetals :: Halogens * It is very reactive gas, which exists as diatomic molecules. It is actually the most reactive element. Fluorine has a very high attraction for electrons, because it is missing one. This makes it the most powerful oxidizing agent. It does not need a spark. Metals can catch on fire when placed in a stream of fluorine. After it is reduced by reacting with other things, it forms the stable fluoride ion. Fluorine is very poisonous. Fluorine bonds very strongly with carbon. It can react with the unreactive noble gases. It explodes when mixed with hydrogen. + Gold, Chemical properties: Gold * Most metals are gray in color. Gold is yellow because of the way its electrons behave. The only other metal in common use that has a non-gray color is copper. + Ice: Chemical compounds :: Water * Ice is commonly used in home appliances such as the refrigerator or freezer. If water is put in a freezer and left for a while, the water gets very cold and will freeze solid, creating ice. Metals are good conductors of heat, so water can freeze faster than in a plastic ice tray. + Iodine, Uses: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals + Metal, Use of metals * Metals are very useful to people. They are used to make tools because they can be strong and easy to shape. Iron and steel have been used to make bridges, buildings, or ships. + Solid, Kinds of solids, Metals: States of matter * Most metals are strong, dense, and good conductors of both electricity and heat. The mass of the elements in the periodic table, those to the left of a diagonal line drawn from boron to polonium, are metals. Mixtures of two or more elements in which the big component is a metal are known as alloys. + Thermal conductivity: Thermodynamics * Thermal conductivity' is the ability of a material to conduct heat. Metals are good at moving heat. They are good conductors of heat. Gases are also good at moving heat. Thermal resistivity' is the opposite of thermal conductivity. + Thermite, Safety: Fire :: Chemistry * Thermite is not safe to make at home. It releases ultraviolet light which can damage the eyes. It also makes a very hot flame that can melt iron. It is extremely difficult to extinguish. Streams of molten iron can flow out of a thermite mixture, igniting everything around it. Some metals can boil and burst into flames when placed in thermite, such as zinc. If it is preheated then ignited, thermite can burn very fast, releasing a huge amount of heat and light. If it is dropped in water it can boil water very fast, making an explosion. Dropping it on ice can make the ice explode.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Alkali metal * All alkali metals react vigorously with water. * Many alkali metals are important in medicine and diet. * Most alkali metal has applications * Most alkali metal has many applications - different applications - metals have many different applications. * ' are the chemical elements in group one of the periodic system. They are silver-coloured when pure, soft and have only one electron in the outermost shell. They react strongly with water and because of this, they have to be stored in petrol. Alkali metals are the first group in the periodic table. They are never found in nature uncombined because they are unstable and they react fast to other elements. They bond well with all elements except the noble gases. When they are in air, they quickly turn black. They have one valence electron * are powerful reducing agents and form univalent compounds * can explode if they are exposed to water. * is metal - metallic elements * react violently with water and produce heat and hydrogen gas that flames easily - water, halogens, and acids Aluminium * Most aluminium conducts electricity * includes atoms. * is chemical elements - light * occur in various degrees of purity.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | aluminium: Pure aluminium * is light, but it is too weak for most construction purposes - made from bauxite, a kind of rock that has aluminium oxide and many impurities - soft, ductile, corrosion resistant and has a high electrical conductivity * silvery-white metal with many desirable characteristics. * soft lightweight metal. + Aluminium, Occurrence and preparation: Metals * Pure aluminium is made from bauxite, a kind of rock that has aluminium oxide and many impurities. The bauxite is crushed and reacted with sodium hydroxide. The aluminium oxide dissolves. Then the aluminum oxide is dissolved in liquid cryolite, a rare mineral. Cryolite is normally produced artificially though. The aluminium oxide is electrolyzed to make aluminium and oxygen.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Aluminum * All aluminum has a high-quality polymer finish to protect surfaces from oxidation. * Most aluminum contains aluminum * Most aluminum has density - low density - lower density - strength * Some aluminum has conductivity - lower conductivity * Some aluminum increases calcium excretion * Some aluminum increases urinary calcium excretion - is manufactured to be more rigid given the same thickness * accounts for about three quarters of the materials used in making aircraft. * cans Non-magnetic metal food and beverage cans. * competes with materials such as steel, plastic and glass in the packaging market. * concentrates as it goes up the food chain. * containing antacids can cause constipation. * costs about three times as much as steel. * damages the root hairs and reduces the uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients. * deals with focusing and memory, and zinc deals with behavior. * disperses heat far better than a standard brass and tin radiator. * expands and contracts more than copper. * forms a very thin insulating oxide layer. * has break strength - yield strength * heats up quicker than steel in a standard convection oven. * includes atoms. * induces calcium loss and inhibits the absorption of fluoride. * inhibits erythropoiesis in vitro - root growth and uptake of water and nutrients * is elements - gray - light weight * loves to contract when the temperature drops. * reacts with carboplatin causing a precipitate. * tears easily when stretched, during the stamping of complex shapes. * tends to discolor and corrode.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | aluminum: Aluminum foil * Most aluminum foil has low mass * Take heavy duty foil to be used for cooking and signalling. * are one common material. * facing serves both as a vapor retarder and a radiant barrier. * helps to keep warm foods warm and comes in handy for a quick clean-up of the grill. * is aluminum - consumable products - lighter in weight and is quite effective also - located in trash - the most effective material for blocking radiant heat, especially from the sun * is used as a wrapping material - because it is light so it moves even with small electrostatic forces - useful to wrap the fish to cook over hot embers * reflects sunlight and keeps soil cool. Aluminum sulfate * is added as a coagulant to help make suspended solids larger to help filtration. * is added to help the solids bind together for later removal - the contents of the tank for coagulation and flocculation to occur - inorganic compounds - ionic compounds - salt - used in water purification - water soluble and can be applied on soil and watered in Aluminum toxicity * can also cause an anemia in hemodialysis patients. * restricts root growth and phosphorous uptake. Anodized aluminum * is somewhat harder than untreated aluminum. * natural for arena boards. Molten aluminum * collects at the bottom of the tank, and oxygen is liberated at the anode. * is poured into a steel mould, where it cools and hardens around the truck axle. Potassium alum * are chemical compounds. * common hardening agent. - one of the worlds finest astringents Recycled aluminum * is an indispensable supply source for aluminum producers and fabricators. * is used for cans, lawn furniture, foil, airplanes, automobiles, etc * makes up about one-third of America's aluminum supply. * uses only a fraction of the electricity required by bauxite smelters. Secondary aluminum * is aluminum recovered from both new and old purchased scrap. * uses five percent of the energy required to produce primary aluminum. ### element | metal | antimony: Antimony pentoxide * is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. + Antimony pentoxide, Uses: Antimony compounds :: Oxides * Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. It is also used as a catalyst.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | antimony: Antimony trichloride * colorless and soft solid that has a strong odor. * white or pale yellow solid. + Antimony trichloride, Properties: Antimony compounds :: Chlorine compounds * Antimony trichloride is a white or pale yellow solid. It has a strong odor and absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. + Antimony, Properties, Chemical compounds: Chemical elements :: Semimetals * They are made by reacting antimony with other metals. They react with acids to make the toxic and unstable gas stibine. They are weak oxidizing agents. They are somewhat covalent, having low melting points. Antimony trichloride is a colorless and soft solid that has a strong odor. Antimony trioxide is a white solid that dissolves a little in water. Antimony pentafluoride is highly reactive, as well as antimony pentoxide. Metallic antimony * is an extremely brittle metal of a flaky, crystalline texture - precipitated from solutions by hydrogen at high temperature and pressure - relatively non-toxic, but most antimony compounds are poisonous * reacts with iron at the melting point of the former. Base metal * Most base metals remain weak in line with the global economic slowdown. * are usually steel, brass, pewter or copper. * can also lie within sedimentary and volcanic rock associations. * catch-all term in the jewelry industry for metals used in costume jewelry. * is metal - metallic elements
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Berkelium * has few uses. * has no biological role - naturally occurring isotopes * is in such meager amounts worldwide that there are no known uses - produced by cyclotron bombardment - radioactive and only available in very small amounts - the eighth member of the actinide transition series * radioactive metallic element that member of the actinide group of elements. * silvery-white highly radioactive metal. * soft, silvery-white, radioactive actinide metal * transuranic member of the actinide series, with a silvery-white appearance.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Beryllium * Most beryllium is used in the manufacture of components for the nuclear power industry. * also dissolves in alkali solutions. * borate with hydroxyl and fluorine. * can also cause lung cancer - be electroless nickel plated, and flame or plasma sprayed * combines with aluminium, silicon and oxygen to make a mineral called beryl. * comes from Greek beryllos, beryl. * deadly metal that was used in nuclear weapons production * enters the environment principally from coal combustion. * forms binary compounds with many non-metals. * hard, brittle metal with a grayish-white surface. * hard, lightweight metal that is very strong and easy to shape - used in the defense, auto, and electronics industries - with an unusually high melting point * has four protons and four electrons - one of the highest melting points of the light metals * highly efficient generator of neutrons when bombarded with alpha particles. * hydroxide is amphoteric. * includes atoms. * is also present in a variety of compounds in coal, soil, and volcanic dust - chemical elements - concentrated in silicate minerals relative to sulfides - considered to be very toxic - especially toxic but extremely rare in combustible wastes * is found in a variety of countries on five continents - mostly in minerals like beryl and chrysoberyl , and also salts - hazardous - high melting and light weight - in beryl gems such as emeralds and aquamarines - light, quite hard and brittle - more toxic in soft water than in hard water - non-magnetic - nonmagnetic and resistant to concentrated nitric acid - one of the few that are provable right off the bat - produced by spallation reactions, primarily by collisions between protons and O atoms - relatively common in the Earth's crust - safe to handle , but the dust released from fabrication are highly toxic - six times stiffer than steel and a third lighter than aluminum * is the hazard that researchers can most easily tie to weapons production - next element in the first row - only stable light metal with a relatively high melting point - used as an alloying agent in the production of beryllium-copper * is used in copper alloy used for springs, electrical contacts, and non sparkling tools - gyroscopes and computer parts * is used in the ceramics industry - nuclear industry and in alloys for aircraft - industrially in the manufacture of light fixtures and certain ceramics - to harden nuclear weapons and in electrical circuitry * light weight metal with wide application in modern technology. * light, hard, grayish non-radioactive metal that is lighter than aluminum. * lightweight metal used in the defense, automotive and electronics industries * metal associated with atomic-weapons production that can cause terminal lung disease - found in nature, especially in beryl and bertandite rock - that creates a toxic dust that can linger in the air * metal used in manufacturing nuclear weapons and has been known to cause lung disease - many nuclear applications - the defense, electronics, and automotive industries * naturally occurring metal which is found in beryl and bertrandite rock. * naturally-occurring material. * never occurs as a free element, only as a compound. * non-radioactive metal that provokes, in some people, a highly allergic lung reaction. * plays a critical role in ensuring our health and advancing our world - an indispensable role in modern society * rare chemical element associated with several metallic alloys used in atomic weapons. * reacts with acids and with water to form hydrogen gas. * slivery, very light metallic element. * strong, lightweight metal used in nuclear bombs and other weapons - the defense, automotive, and electronic industries - to make nuclear weapons * toxic and carcinogenic material that requires specialized handling - metal which can cause an incurable lung disease * very light and strong metal used in nuclear weapons and experimental reactors - tough metal, and is used in alloys to strengthen the metal - toxic metal
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | beryllium: Pure beryllium * hard grayish metal that chemical component of certain kinds of rocks. * is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Bismuth * are chemical elements - metallic elements - minerals * combines slowly with oxygen at room temperature. * forms fascinating patterns when it crystallizes and is heavier than lead. * is metal * reacts with sulfur when molten as well. + Bismuth, Properties, Chemical properties: Metals :: Chemical elements * Bismuth is somewhat similar to antimony. This makes the colors on the crystals. It does not oxidize any more than the oxide layer. Bismuth reacts with sulfur when molten as well. Black metal * is also very controversial , especially in Norway - an extreme subgenre and subculture of heavy metal music * tends to be misanthropic and hostile to modern society. * is also very controversial, especially in Norway. During the early 1990s, certain black metal musicians burned old churches in Norway.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Cadmium * All cadmiums are opaque. * Most cadmium is obtained as a by-product from zinc refinement - by-product of zinc refinement - stays where it enters the environment for a long time * Some cadmium has conductivity - thermal conductivity - sulfides have resistance * Some cadmium sulfides react with other substances * cause prostate cancer. * includes atoms. * interferes with the metabolism of zinc-one of the sedative minerals. * is chemical elements - metallic elements - transition metal * make short buttery paints.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Calcium * All calcium naturally contains a small amount of lead. * Most calcium affects absorption. * Most calcium helps bones - strong bones - is in bones and is constantly being cycled * Most calcium is stored away in a cell compartment known as the endoplasmic reticulum - in the bones and teeth - promotes growth * Much calcium is lost in the fluid that seeps from the ulcerated cancer surface. * Some calcium also remains unabsorbed in the undigested parts of the food and gets excreted. * Some calcium has conductivity - different effects - opposite effects * Some calcium interferes with absorption - copper absorption * Some calcium is located in fish - made from ground up oyster shells * Some calcium needs for bone growth - proper bone growth * absorbs best when taken with Vitamin D. * accentuates gastric injury induced by ethanol - injury induced by ethanol in human gastric cells * activates cardiac contraction. * acts as a chelating agent in the stomach - lead inhibitor to dramatically reduce the body's absorption of lead - secondary messenger in cells - trigger to initiate the contraction process - much like potassium in helping the body to excrete sodium - each age group * binding to the calmodulin-like domain activates the enzyme in vitro and presumably in vivo. * blocks the absorption of iron. * builds and maintains bones and teeth and also regulates the heart and other muscles - strong bones and teeth * builds bones and teeth - best in children and adolescents - but exercise makes bone stronger and denser * builds strong bones and healthy teeth - helps prevent osteoporosis - as well as calming and assisting with cellular balance - up and sometimes seals the valve shut * burns rapidly when heated in air to form calcium oxide - red-colored and potassium burns purple - with a dark red color in a flame test * can hinder the absorption of iron from other foods. * comes from green, leafy vegetables, nuts and some grains - limestone which is deposited in the ocean in large quantities * comes in many forms and dosages - forms, tablets and liquids - into the heart cell, builds up and that cell contracts * competes for absorption with a number of other minerals - with magnesium for absorption in intestines * containing antacids can also treat calcium deficiency and prevent osteoporosis - stones are most common * contains calcium, protein, and riboflavin which can help prevent osteoporosis. * continues to be an essential nutrient after growth because the body loses calcium every day. * contributes to muscle contraction, heartbeat regulation, and blood clotting. * decreases the absorption of iron supplements unless vitamin C is taken at same time. * does come from many different sources though - exist in plant sources but is also accompanied by oxalates which inhibit absorption - pass into the breast milk - which of the following in smooth muscle cells a. binds to troponin b * enters the brain cell in excessive quantity thus killing the cell - cell through channels, or doors, opened by excitatory amino acids - cytoplasm * even contributes to the pearls that are used to make rings and necklaces. * given alone can induce a magnesium deficiency. * goes into and out of the bones throughout life. * helps blood to clot and muscles to squeeze and relax - bones grow longer and thicker * helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women - healthy bones and teeth * helps build and maintain strong bones and protein is important for building muscle - cells do many things, including carry nerve signals - develop strong bones and teeth - in the bone-building process by contributing to increased bone density and strength * helps keep bones and teeth strong - strong and healthy - the heart beating and muscles working properly * helps make strong bones - teeth and bones strong - pigs grow strong bones - prevent cramps and pain - promote bone strength - protect against osteoporosis * helps to build a strong bone structure - the cell wall structure of the plant - maintain strong bones and functions in muscle contraction - reduce stress - strengthen bones, teeth, and the intestinal walls - transport essential minerals to the site of inflammation - with bones and teeth * hinders the absorption and use of magnesium. * impairs the absorption of quinolones. * increases blood circulation and clothing while strengthening bones and nails - bone mass and reduces the rate of bone tissue loss - mash acidity and inverts malt phosphate - possibility of irregular heartbeat * inhibits several reactions in the cycle. * interferes with magnesium absorption, so take additional magnesium - the action of some antibiotics * is always present in extracellular fluids at a fairly high concentration - as approximately as hard as tin - below magnesium in the periodic table - calcium, however, whether it's from broccoli or cottage cheese - crucial for proper formation of baby's bones and teeth - deficient in most of our diets - from the Latin, calx , for lime * is good for strong bones - important as a second messenger to the re-flagellation process * is important because it helps to build the cell wall structure of the plants - is an essential nutrient - during childhood and adolescence when bodies are growing - for birth in sheep as it helps prevent hypocalcemia * is important for bone health in both men and women - structure but also has other important roles in our bodies - cell-wall integrity and root and leaf growth - every pregnant woman - good health * is important for healthy bones and has other functions - maintaining strong bones * is important for many cellular processes - reasons in the body - more than just bones * is important for muscle and nerve function - nerve and muscle function and is stored in the bones * is important for normal blood clotting, which is essential for wound healing - bone mineralization - proper uterine smooth muscle contraction - steps of body metabolism - the glandular system - in preventing a number of diseases in addition to osteoporosis * is important in the normal actions of heart and blood vessel tissue - prevention of osteoporosis * is important, but it's only one of many important factors - so is magnesium * is in high concentration in the SR - and low concentration inside the muscle cell - lots of dairy products, like milk, yogurt, frozen yogurt, and milk shakes - milk, bones, teeth, shells, pearls, chalk, plaster, cement, and other white things - solution in all tissues of the body - likely to be important, because it is one of the principal constituents of egg shells - low however, but it is high in phosphorus * is more effective when taken in smaller doses spread throughout the day and before bedtime - likely to be deposited in tissues that are damaged - of course very important in the development and maintenance of teeth * is present in greater or lesser quantities in all water and in many kinds of food - gypsum, lime, and oyster shells - most soils in adequate amounts - the blood as an ionized, a protein bound, and a complexed form - primarily protein bound in the blood - static, magnesium is dynamic - such an incredibly important nutrient - unique in several regards * keeps gums and bones strong while zinc helps prevent colds and flu. * maintains normal heartbeat and regulates blood pressure - strong bones and teeth and helps prevent progressive bone loss and osteoporosis * mediates a cascade of events leading to vasoconstriction. * needs change during one's lifetime - for development - to be in solution to be absorbed, and an acid solution facilitates the process - vary throughout life, but is more critical for certain age groups - vitamin D to be absorbed * neutralizes strong stomach acids. * occurs in a large number of foods but often only in small amounts - most commonly in sedimentary rocks in the minerals calcite , dolomite , and gypsum - plentifully in milk * only moves into the fruit during a short period of time. * plays a critical role in building strong and healthy bones - crucial factor on cell signaling - huge role in preventing high blood pressure - major role in giving bones their strength - number of significant roles within the human body * plays a role in activatin complement - blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell metabolism - muscle function, nerve contraction and blood clotting * plays a very important role in normal cellular functions * plays a vital role in blood clotting while magnesium helps to regulate blood pressure - the growth and maintenance of strong bones, gums, and teeth - an essential role in muscle contractions * plays an important role in bone health maintenance or treatment - building bone and reducing the risk of osteoporosis - health, as every single cell in the body contains it - maintaining cell integrity and membrane permeability - muscle contraction, blood clotting, and bone health * plays an important role in the activation of lipase - activity of many body processes - integral role in cell wall development - many roles in the body * preconditioning inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis. * prevents significant lead absorption in people who have an adequate iron intake. * promotes bone growth - cell survival through CaM-kinase kinase activation of the protein kinase B pathway - healthy teeth and bones - soil aggregation and is the antidote to sodium - strong bones as well as the maintenance of many physiological functions * provides building material for bones and teeth. * pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are smaller and are rhomboid-shaped. * ranks high in terms of life and good health. * reacts rapidly with air to form a coating of gray oxide, and it burns with a red flame. * reacts with the phosphates to form insoluble compounds which precipitate out of the mash * reacts within the neurons to release harmful substances that damage cells * reduces certain types of bad bacteria, fungi found in many diseases - the toxic effects of other salts in the water * regulates neuronal differentiation both directly and via co-cultured myocytes. * remains critically important for nursing mothers, as well. * requires root pressure to move into the leaves, especially the inner leaves of the head - vitamin D for absorption * serves as an intermediate between sperm binding and corticle granule activation - the main vehicle of information transfer between cells - in nerve transmission, muscular contraction, and blood clotting * slows bone loss. * starts accumulating at the onset of motion. * strengthens enamel - our bones and teeth * strengthens the bone framework - tooth and bone * supports bone growth and vitamin d boosts the calcium absorption. * tends to fall. * therefore appears to counteract any cancer-promoting effect of dietary fat. * travels through the plant in the water. * varies by product - in amounts in different plant tissues * works best, however, when it's in dairy products, rather than as a supplement - to calm the nerves, and natural tranquilizer for muscles * works with phosphorus, vitamin D and magnesium in the body - sodium to help aid the contraction part of the heart pump
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | calcium: Adequate calcium * helps develop and maintain bone mass. * is important in breeding and young reptiles - unquestionably important to overall health * keeps many parts of the body healthy.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | calcium: Calcium citrate * alkalizes the urine and suppresses the secretion of oxalates. * is an example of such a chelated preparation. * is more beneficial than calcium carbonate - soluble than calcium carbonate - one of the most readily absorbed form of calcium supplement - recommended for people who suffer from constipation - somewhat easier for older people with low stomach acidity to tolerate - that best absorbed form of supplemental calcium * is the most easily absorbed and inexpensive form - salt that is used to fortify breakfast cereals and orange juices - used to prevent and to treat calcium deficiencies - usually more expensive than calcium carbonate, however Calcium supplementation * can be especially important for gravid female geckos. * increases the bone mineral status of Gambian children. * is only one part of an osteoporosis prevention and treatment program. * is very important for all women - to a wide range of people Coral calcium * can even prevent osteoporosis by supplying the body with needed calcium. * is composed of calcium carbonate and trace minerals. * salt of calcium derived from fossilized coral reefs.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | calcium: Dietary calcium * Most dietary calcium comes from dairy products - is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine * Some dietary calcium has different effects * builds strong teeth and bones. * helps bind oxalate, reducing risk of the most common type of stone formation. * is absorbed better than calcium from supplements - essential for maintaining strong bones and preventing osteoporosis - important for all people to develop strong, healthy bones - needed for strong, healthy bones Excess calcium * can harm renal function and can cause kidney stones - lead to irritability and headache, soft-tissue calcification, and kidney failure * is excreted through the urine - likely to appear as kidney or gall-bladder stones - routed to the bones through the influence of calciotropic hormones * tends to be deposited in various parts of the body, particularly the joints. Excessive calcium * Some excessive calcium interferes with absorption - copper absorption * can interfere with the absorption of copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc. * is often due to low magnesium, although there are other causes. Extra calcium * can be harmful to a growing chick. * is important for maintaining strong bones - often needed in the hen's diet and a good natural source for calcium is almonds High calcium * can deplete magnesium. * intake early in life correlates with severity. * reduces copper absorption by increasing the pH of the intestinal contents. Inadequate calcium * can lead to milk fever in pregnant or lactating does. * is thought to contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Intracellular calcium * can reach levels where it is life-threatening to the nerve cells. * is vital to many regulatory pathways inside cells. Sufficient calcium * intake from food, and supplements if needed, can slow the rate of bone loss. * is important, in any case, for strong bones health.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Chromium * Most chromium has values - reaches the ground through gravity and air turbulence * decreases weight yet increases lean body mass. * includes atoms. * is chemical elements - metallic elements - transition metal * oligopeptide activates insulin receptor kinase activity. * regulates sugar metabolism and insulin. * stimulates weight loss. * works best if taken before meals - closely with insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells - to metabolize sugar into energy and to bring protein to where it is needed - with insulin in assisting cells to take in glucose and release energy ### element | metal | chromium: Chrome * hydrate is used in bar soaps and eye shadow. * is chromium - solid metal - video games * refers to an application's user interface elements, such as toolbars, menus and status bars. * tends to discolor in time. Hexavalent chromium * can be toxic to people at low levels. * causes cancer. * highly toxic material as well as a suspected carcinogen. * human carcinogen and is classified as a dangerous waste. * know allergen to some people. * potent human carcinogen and is known to cause lung cancer. * potential carcinogen. * toxic chemical added to water used to cool reactors. Supplemental chromium * can help support proper blood sugar metabolism. * is supposed to help stabilize blood sugar. * reduces blood glucose levels. * seems to reduce blood glucose levels. Trivalent chromium * is an essential trace mineral that the human body requires in small amounts - less toxic than hexavalent chromium * occurs in trace amounts in foods, wine and water.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Cobalt * All cobalt used in industry is imported or obtained by recycling scrap metal that contains cobalt. * Most cobalt comes from Central Africa. * are expensive. * brittle, hard metal, that closely resembles iron and nickel in appearance. * by product or coproduct of the refining of other mined metals such as copper and nickel. * can stay for years in water and soil. * common metal that is often combined with other metals to make metal alloys. * competes with iron for absorption. * compound that occurs in nature. * definite carcinogen in animals, and a suspected carcinogen in humans. * enters the environment from natural sources and from the burning of coal and oil. * forms an alloy with steel. * gives rich blue or black. * hard ferromagnetic, silver-white, hard, lustrous, brittle element. * hard, bluish-white metal - brittle metal * high performance material. * includes atoms. * is chemical elements - colour - essential for nutrition in many animals * is essential to existence - the metabolism of all animals - found as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range - more sensitive to sulfur than iron - one if three naturally magnetic elements * is one of the three metals that are ferromagnetic at room temperature - world's leading developers of server hardware and equipment - only available to a few bacteria and algae - pigment - present in meteorites - pronounced as KO-bolt - reactive with organic pigments, having a tendency to turn brown - stable in air and unaffected by water, but is slowly attacked by dilute acids - taken up by plants from the soil - too reactive to occur pure in the earth - typically more enriched in pyrite than in chalcopyrite throughout - used for the solution of thir business * is, as the name implies, a very deep shade of blue. * occurs mainly as smalite. * produces blue for example. * radiation source that constantly emits radiation. * radioactive source which gives off a particular type of radiation called gamma rays. * resides in both silicate phases and in pyrite. * shows the typical properties of a transition metal. * silvery metal with a bluish tint. * silvery, bluish-white, odorless, and magnetic metal. * stays in the air for a few days. * stimulates many enzymes of the body and normalizes the performance of other body cells. * strategic and critical metal used in many diverse industrial and military applications. * tends to exist as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature range. * transition element on the periodic table * weakly reducing metal that is protected from oxidation by a passivating oxide film. + Cobalt, Occurrence and preparation * Cobalt is too reactive to occur pure in the earth. It is found in certain minerals. It is found with copper and nickel deposits. Normally the three metals are bonded to arsenic and sulfur. It is made by reaction with the sludge from copper and nickel processing - Properties: Chemical elements :: Metals :: Transition metals * Cobalt is a transition metal. It is shiny and conducts electricity. It is magnetic. It is a hard metal. It is moderately reactive. Iron is more reactive and copper is less reactive + Fischer-Tropsch process, Process chemistry, Fischer-Tropsch catalysts: Chemical reactions * Fischer-Tropsch catalysts are famous for being very, very sensitive to adding a little bit of sulfur. A tiny amount of sulfur can mess up the reactions. Cobalt is more sensitive to sulfur than iron. ### element | metal | cobalt: Pure cobalt * is obtained as a by-product of refining nickel, copper and iron - byproduct of refining nickel, copper and iron * steel-gray, shiny, hard metal that is insoluble in water Common metal * Some common metals are copper, silver, and gold. * are magnesium, cobalt, nickel, copper, and iron.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Different metal * corrode at different rates when exposed to the elements. * have different chemical properties and thus require different fluxes - threshold frequencies - their own methods of extraction * perform different catalytic reactions under identical circumstances. * produce different colors of flame - tones<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Erbium * are chemical elements - metallic elements * bright, soft, malleable, silvery-white metal. * has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism - several important properties that make it an excellent choice for an optical amplifier * is added to fiber optic cables as a doping agent where it is used as a signal amplifier - alloyed with vanadium to make it softer and easier to shape * is also available in soluble forms including chlorides , nitrates and acetates - soft, malleable and has a bright, metallic luster - considered to be moderately toxic - extracted by using a sulfuric acid treatment - fairly stable in air * is found in monazite sand ores - the minerals under dysprosium - obtained by separating yttria, found in the mineral gadolinite, into three parts - of importance to the technology of optical amplification in glass fibers - on the rare-earth elements and is found in the same minerals as Dysprosium * is one of the more abundant rare-earth elements - such element, that belongs to a group known as the 'rare earth metals' * is used in alloys especially with vanadium to decrease the hardness of metals - color phopsphors - photographic filters to absorb infrared light - producing pink glazes in ceramics * metal with few uses. * occurs mostly in the same mineral s and in the same areas as dysprosium. * soft, malleable, lustrous, silvery metal. * solid rare-earth element of the lanthenide series. * usually has a grayish-silver tint with pink spots. Europium * heavy element ion often present in nuclear waste because it fission product. * is about as hard as lead and is quite ductile - also water-reactive - found in many minerals including bastnasite, monazite, xenotime and loparite * is one of the elements used to make the red color in CRT televisions - rarest and most costly of the rare-earth metals * silvery-white rare earth belonging to the lanthanide group. * soft silvery metal, both are and expensive.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Gadolinium * also has medical uses. * bright, soft, silvery-white metal that is both ductile and malleable. * candidate radiosensitizer and neutron capture agent. * contrast agent which helps define structures with high resolution. * has a shiny metallic luster with a slight yellowish tint - applications in magnetic resonance imaging and neutron capture therapy * has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism - large-scale applications but has a variety of specialized uses - primary purpose, but instead, it has multiple special uses - seventeen isotopes - the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section of any known element - unusual superconductive properties, and a distinctively high magnetic moment * is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates - attacked by dilute acids - considered to be moderately toxic - found with other rare earths in the mineral gadolinite - injected into the blood stream - paramagnetic and non toxic - silvery white, has a metallic lustre, and is is malleable and ductile * is the best neutron absorber and is used in nuclear reactors - element that comes from the earth, gadolinia - use as a trivalent actinide homolog * is used in control rods in nuclear power plants - the production of television phosphors * is used to locate tumors in the inner ear - make gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications - very safe and has very few side effects * rare earth element - metal, found in the earths crust, and is solid at room temperature * strong reducing agent , which reduces oxides of several metals into their elements.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Gold * Can cause nephritis, cutaneous or pulmonary hypersensitivity. * Most Gold is mined from ore , containing tiny amounts of Gold in the ore - gold has values * Most gold is found in rocks and at the bottom of rivers - the metallic state in the form of dust, grains, flakes, or nuggets - mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits - retrieved in a metallic state in the form of dust, grains, flakes, or nuggets * Some gold conducts electricity - has conductivity * Some gold has high conductivity - thermal conductivity * abounds within the mountain's reach, as the sun filters through leaves to shine and glitter. * algaecides contain flecks of gold to fight the strongest forms of algae. * alloys The standard gold alloy mixture of gold, silver, and copper. * also comes in different combinations where it is mixed with another metal - dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide , which are used in mining and electroplating - harmonizes the mind and affect the endocrine systems * also has a much higher specific gravity - the lowest infrared emittance * also is much less susceptible to corrosion than aluminum - used in electronic connectors and dental alloys - tends to create a healthier environment for the gum tissue * always has value, always has an international value - works as a leading indicator for inflation * are goal-oriented Golds see life as something to plan out and anticipate - society's protectors and administrators - of people, goods, schedules and services - twin formulas for odor removal * better conductor than tin. * blessing only lent, Repaid by giving others food. * brassy yellow metal. * brings images of riches to our minds because it is scattered over most of the world. * can be white, yellow or rose a pinkish tin added to gold makes rose gold - cause kidney and blood problems - mean that something or someone is very good or has done very well - prevent disease progression by injection or orally * chemical element, it heavy, soft metal. * chemically inert substance. * clock keeping the time. * comes from deep within the earth. * comes in a variety of colors - many colors - several forms in jewelry - with Gold balls * commodity, a currency, a permanent store of value, a reserve asset, an industrial metal. * commonly occurs in association with quartz, either as pure gold or as an ore. * decorates the hilts of daggers. * enhanced particles are resistant to osmium etching. * gives an appearance of beauty even to ugliness. * good conductor of heat and electricity and is resistant to oxidation and most reagents. * graphical editor, browser, news reader, anonymous ftp client, and mail reader. * great medium metal for jewelry, as it never tarnishes. * has a generally warm appearance although silver sometimes tones in with silvery hair - high specific gravity so it settles to the bottom - long history of medicinal uses - metallic luster - much richer yellow colour while pyrite has a much paler yellow almost brassy colour - natural luster that easily distinguishes it from all other minerals or metal ores - quality to create a structure for healing within a light soul - very low potential, carbon steel much higher and zinc higher still - applications in radar equipment, home computers, satellites and the space shuttles - both a financial and sentimental value in India * has certain monetary market value - unique features that make it the most sensitive measure of inflationary fears - different colors because it mixes with different impurities - intrinsic value - many values to people - mica particles to give the sheen and an earth color pigment to give the gold tone * has no cleavage - power in the world of plants and animals - real intrinsic value and uses - superior electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion - the longest lifespan, followed by amalgams and then composites * heavy, but also soft transition metal. * heavy, yellow, metallic chemical element and is considered to be a precious metal * hedge against inflation over the long term. * helps save lives on the nation's roads. * high quality, nutritious dry diet for ferrets. * higher vibration of orange and yellow. * includes atoms. * inherently protects the individual against the destruction of currency values. * is Zimbabwe's principal mined export - adsorbed from the solution onto activated carbon granules * is alloyed differently for a variety of reasons, including look and price - to meet certain market and engineering requirements - almost opaque to UV radiation * is also a traditional means of protection from inflation - very dense metal , making gold coins hard to fake - ductile, which means it can be easily drawn out into a wire - much softer than the pyrite * is also one of the most resistant metals - today's most liquid assets - always gold colored, soft, and malleable or bendable * is an element distributed pretty much everywhere on the globe - in the transition metal class - element, but water compound, being composed of both hydrogen and oxygen atoms * is an excellent conductor of electricity - electrical conductor and is corrosion resistant * is an extremely good electrical conductor and it is very resistant to oxidation and corrosion - noble metal - inactive metal and it occurs mostly in the uncombined state - inert, biocompatible, highly durable material - attacked by boiling ferric chloride solution - attractive, wears well and has been used in jewelry and for coins for millenia * is both a monetary metal and a commodity, so it can t be purchased online with a credit card - bought, sold, traded, and stored throughout the free world with complete privacy - bright yellow and has a high luster - by far the most popular plating metal - chemical elements * is chemically inactive - quite inert - comedies - conductors * is considered a store ofvalue during a period of inflation - by all civilizations the greatest material asset which one can acquire on earth - one of the most important metals in jewelry making - consistently the most negatively correlated asset to stocks - crafted by a goldsmith into various ornaments - during early spring when all the bluebirds turn to sing - emblematic of honor and achievement - everywhere on earth and in outer space - excreted in rodent milk following the administration of auranofin - extracted from crushed gold-bearing quartz by forming a complex with sodium cyanide * is extremely liquid * is for excellence and green alludes to the nurturing of life and growth - the richness of the people - found as nuggets or tiny pieces called gold dust * is found in Egypt mainly in the Eastern Desert - abundance - all fifty states - black sand - many parts of the world but the major sources lie in South Africa - nature, in quartz veins - the moss and tree roots as well as in riverbank gravels - naturally in metallic form, being extremely inert to chemical reactions - from gravel of crushed rock - generated in a number of ways - given as a mark of status - from 'gold stars' at school to the crowns of kings and queens * is gold and it is as hard as it is - plate on solid sterling silver * is heated time and again to bring all the impurities to the surface where they can be removed - to a certain temperature and then cooled * is heavier per pound than the other precious metals - than blood - heavies * is heavy - it weighs over nineteen times more than water, and is almost twice as heavy as lead * is important because it is rare - to our whole economy * is in fact the first metal that man discovered - mountains or hills, streams and rivers - quartz veins where water cooled slowly - integral in maintaining car efficiency - known to cross the placenta and it can reach significant concentrations in the fetus - like an ordinary ring Silver is like a metal spring * is located in churchs - gold mines - jewelry stores - tooths - treasure chests - made of one kind of atom-gold atoms - melted using a torch that is fueled by natural gas and oxygen - mined in underground or surface mines - mixed with various other metals, in various percentages - money - much heavier than silver - negatively correlated to stocks and bonds, so it makes sense that the price of gold is low - non-toxic * is often in native found as tiny blobs along borders of sulphide crystals - mixed with platinum, giving it a light yellow hue * is one of Australia's largest export earners - our most precious metals - the densest metals * is one of the heaviest and most indestructible metals - of all metals - most popular metals used in jewelry * is one of the precious metals that can be melted and molded into new forms - that has excellent corrosion resistance - softest metals - world's most precious metals - only pure when there are no alloys present - part of our everyday life - power and strength - recognized and accepted in every country of the world - recovered from ores as a cyanide - refined by fire * is said to attract honor, wealth, and happiness - be the color of spirit merged in the flesh - slightly pinkish in color - smelted in a crucible furnace to produce unrefined bullion - so heavy that one cubic foot of it weighs half a ton - soft or can be scratched easily, and it has a malleable and ductile tenacity * is soft, but easily polished and it is fairly easy to replace when it wears away - dense, and a bright yellow metallic element - softer than other rocks - sold by the gram and prices change daily like the currency exchange rate * is still a central bank reserve currency - the only universally accepted medium of exchange * is symbolic of the future with humankind in peace and harmony with nature - warm sun, while silver suggests the cool moon - taxed from the people and used for just about everything - television stations * is the best conductor of electricity - material to use for telephone wires - color guests see as they enter through a gold-handled glass door * is the color of a nervous and tense mood - coat of arms of P rnumaa - fields, straws, wax and honey - hidden knowledge and wisdom, it is inner knowing and profound understanding - politicians, nobles and honored elders - yellow - of light and the sun - colour and metal traditionally connected to the sun - country's chief mineral * is the easiest metal to work with that all the other metal and is also easier to find - of the metals - emblem of the sun, and of divinity - exception because it is produced for accumulation - finest and most solid of all the metals, yet it is soonest melted in the fire * is the gift that becomes a family heirloom - can grow in value - great bloodsucker of wealth - headquarters for the very elite in the Scientological hierarchy - international standard for money - leading mineral product * is the metal of choice for jewellery, and is often used in dentistry - intellect - most common color * is the most ductile metal - important foreign exchange producer * is the most malleable and ductile of all known metals - substance known - the most ductile of all metals - of all metals and soft enough to be cut with a knife - perfect metal * is the most precious of metals and symbols of all that has the highest value - metals, the king of money, the standard to which our wealth is based - sensitive and forward-looking indicator of monetary liquidity - transportable form of wealth - valuable, pure, useful, and durable of all metals - widely traded of the precious metals - natural money of man - official state mineral - one currency everyone believes in * is the only currency, and the different forms of mana can also be harvested * is the other common agouti, being black and gold - prevalent metal - perfection of terrestrial substances, and it is to produce gold that minerals evolve - perspective of unity and oneness of all that is - principal mineral export - same in Arizona as it is in Texas - snare of the soul - symbol of riches on all levels - universal symbol of wealth - thin around edge in places - thought to be one of the first known metals * is traded mainly in bars but is both traded and used in coinage - on the world market, and the United States net exporter of gold - typically too expensive and copper has a peculiar appearance - unaffected by most acids - used all over the world * is used as a stain for scattering electrons - buillon and in jewellery, glass and electronics - the reflective layer on some high-end CDs - extensively in jewellery, for ornamental and decorative purposes * is used for computer chips - decoration - metallization - the therapy of immune mediated diseases * is used in electronic equipment because it's dependable in extremes of heat and humidity - electronics, among other things - modern technology - only in modern jewelry design - several ways, but over half the world's yearly consumption is in jewelry and artwork - to open and activate the third-eye and crown chakras * is valuable because it is scarce - so rare * is valued at book value - current market value - end-year market price - historical price - market prices - daily according to the average price in the London market * is very dark and rich - important to Arab women * is very malleable and ductile metal as well - easy to work making it the most popular precious metal for jewelry - workable when used in very thin layers - warm, and silver is cooler - widespread in low concentrations in all igneous rocks - worn for power, protection, wisdom, money, and success - worth more than currency - yellow, and copper is red * lies in important gold bearing veins in primary deposits in the mountains. * major factor in SA's economy. * makes big claims that bear on world affairs, the wealth of nations and on people's reputations. * material which can be used as a conductor on circuit boards. * melt with radiance while yellows gleam amber. * minor component of the Pelican River massive sulfide body in Sec. * mutation of the red. * narrow defination of wealth. * natural element with a scarce quantity. * occurs both as free particles in quartz and attached to or included in pyrite - in some form in nearly all the counties of Idaho - primarily in high-temperature hydrothermal quartz veins in extrusive rocks * often acts as a hedge against inflation - establishes the standard by which wealth is measured - forms octaheral, dodecahedral and cubic crystals * passes the blood-brain barrier in hamsters. * plated copper contact pins maximize conductivity with no loss of data. * plays an all-pervading role in traditional rituals. * powerful stimulant to the immune system of the body. * precious metal often used in coins - used for coinage , jewelry , and other arts throughout recorded history * primarily occurs in quartz-bearing shear zones that crosscut the original rocks. * produces a deep, intense red color when used as a coloring agent in cranberry glass. * provides the best protection against inflation - highest reflectivity of heat radiation * pure state is too soft for use in jewelry. * refers to land and sand dunes, happiness, comfort. * refers to the coat of arms of P lvamaa - old-orthodox community and painting of icons - sandy beach and sun and symbolizes happiness, nobleness and heavenly truth * remains one of the main non-currency means of holding money including laundered money - the most versatile of metals * remittive agent that can prevent disease progression. * represents 'wealth' because the metal gold is valuable - prosperity * represents the capacity to obtain the material requisites - mineral wealth of the country - value of Black people - wealth and jade represents health * rushes in the United States. * scarce commodity. * search engine promotion software. * shiny yellow ductile metal. * shiny, yellow metal , probably one of the most expensive on Earth - yellow, and ductile metal * sign of power and blessing. * signifies the ancient wisdom lying within the soul. * soft metal with a number of interesting physical properties - metal, softer than most other metals * soft, yellow precious metal that is very valuable. * sometimes occurs in nature in combination with tellurium in the mineral sylvanite. * stands for warm sunlight, good cheer, and happiness. * still has a role to play in the international monetary system - is held by governments around the world as a monetary asset * strengthens all fields of the body and spirit. * suppresses the inflammatory process. * symbol of generosity and elevation of mind - value and timelessness * symbolises high standards as well as of the noble values. * symbolizes a purity of relationship, a costly giving of self - eternity, it is just the color it says - sincerity, purity in life, generosity, and liberality in judgement * symbolizes the golden bonds of friendships that tie our members together - purity of spirit - upper world and the life-giving sun * too soft for a metal to be used in a gun. * traditional inflation hedge. * transmutes all negatives. * unique blend of thermogenic herbs that help burn fat and curb appetite in several ways. * universal substance. * used in jewelry is an alloy - mixed with harder metals for strength and durability - jewlery is mixed with harder metals for strength and durability * usually occurs in the native state as metal. * valuable metal and a symbol of wealth. * very ductile rare heavy metal - long-term store of value - stubborn element when it comes to reacting to or combining with other elements * yellow, dense, soft metal + Gold (color), Meaning of gold: Colors * Gold is discovered in Australia. * Gold is discovered in Johannesburg, South Africa - coin: Currency :: Gold * Gold has been used since the invention of coins. It is used because gold is an easy metal to use, and because gold is very valuable. So, a person could have a small quantity of gold coins but still buy many things. Gold is also a very dense metal, making gold coins hard to fake. Gold is good for storing coins because it does not rust + Gold, Chemical properties: Gold * Gold is very soft. A goldsmith can hammer it into thin metal sheets. It is also ductile, which means it can be pulled into wire. When it is used in money or in jewelry, it is often mixed with silver or some other metal to make it harder - Language and culture * Gold can mean that something or someone is very good or has done very well. A gold medal is often the given to the first place winner in a race or other sport + Minerals, Some uses of minerals: Natural resources + Reactivity (chemistry): Chemistry * Lithium reacts with water and air. Gold does not react with water or air. Gold is unreactive. Lithium is reactive. There are several ways to measure reactivity. Some are reducing agents, and others can be oxidizing agents. Some absorb water easily. Some break down easily.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Gold metal * brings more fish to the net than silver or brass. * has a distinctive yellow color and is incredibly malleable and ductile. ### element | metal | gold: Alluvial gold * is gold that is found above the ground. + Gold, Alluvial gold: Gold * Alluvial gold is gold that is found above the ground. Edward Hargraves was an Australian man who discovered gold in Australia. Cloth of gold * goes back to biblical times. * metal thread that is woven on a linen wrap. Gold dust * blinds all eyes. * is gold. Gold plating * covers the surfaces of circuit boards and connectors. * is over brass or other - real gold with the correct color to give an authentic appearance - recommended for environments where additional corrosion resistance is needed - used to improve reflectivity and corrosion resistance Placer gold * Most placer gold is found close to bedrock. * can range from light yellow to a dull, coppery yellow. * exists as fines, scales, flakes, grains, and nuggets. Pure gold * has a yellow glow to it. * is also a very soft metal - bright yellow and has a high luster - softer than lead - so it has to be alloyed with other metals - the most malleable and ductile of all the metals - very soft, ductile, and can be used at elevated temperatures<|endoftext|>### element | metal | gold: White gold * can take on a yellowish cast over the years. * contains palladium and silver. * has very little or no copper in it. * is alloy - also an affordable substitute for platinum * is an alloy of gold and some white metals such as nickel, silver and palladium - decolourised by the addition of palladium - with silver, palladium, nickel and copper - gold, copper, nickel, and zinc - harder than yellow gold - made by combining gold with copper, nickel and zinc - melted down and poured into a cast - stronger than yellow but is also more brittle - yellow gold mixed with white metals and the resulting mix has problems * looks very similar to platinum, but the two have very different properties and prices. * typically a mixture of gold, silver, zinc, palladium and other metals. Heated metal * is dipped into a container of plastic powder or dust. * tend to oxidize rapidly.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Heavy metal * Many heavy metals BIND to tissues. * Most heavy metals are also excellent conductors - toxic to the body * See toxic metals. * Some heavy metal causes health problems - major health problems * Some heavy metals can cause cancer after long or heavy exposures - share a long history with microbes * accumulate in marina sediments - through food ingestion and by incidental soil ingestion of soil * are a concern with some sludge composts - threat to human health and ecosystem health * are also among the important offending agents capable of producing nephrotoxicity - natural components of the Earth's crust - among the most harmful of the elemental pollutants - elements from a variety of natural and human sources - hard to remove from the body because they are so reactive - hazardous both as dusts and as fumes - highly disruptive to normal brain function - natural constituents of the Earth's crust - potentially cytotoxic, caricinogenic and mutagenic - relatively immobile and remain in soils long after sludge applications have ceased - the group of elements that include lead, mercury, copper and others * are the most dangerous metals - types of air pollutants and include mercury, lead and cadmium - thought of as active ingredients by advocates of Indian herbal medicinal products - toxic to aquatic life and can potentially contaminate ground water - unlikely to be present in sufficient levels to cause problems with short term use - well known toxic agents for living organisms * are, in general, foreign to the body. * attach to sulfhydryl groups. * can build up in animal and plant tissues and can be highly toxic - cause blood disorders and affect vital organs such as the liver and the kidneys - definately affect the immune system - have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems, the food chain, and human health * cause neurological problems - proteins to precipitate, causing depth - the most problems, since even low doses are toxic * damage the liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs as well as being carcinogenic. * enter the environment from a variety of sources. * get into the civilian population via the air and food chain. * have different effects on fish. * is about screaming vocals, loud drums, heavy guitars and lightning fast solos - alloy - magazines - metallic elements - music - rock music - used to increase the chances of intercepting gamma rays * pose a significant hazard to the environment and human health. * react to form less soluble sulfides or sulfide-coated particles - sulfides or sulfidecoated particles which are less soluble * tend to accumulate in fish livers. * uptake in bryozoans. ### element | metal | iron: Absorbed iron * Most absorbed iron is utilized in bone marrow for erythropoiesis. * is bound in the bloodstream by the glycoprotein named transferrin.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | iron: Cast iron * are irons. * can also take longer than other types to heat up. * commonly used term to describe many types of iron. * contains more carbon than wrought iron. * great conductor of heat - heat conductor, transferring and holding heat, or cold * has a porous surface - structure comprising essentially two components - graphite and ferrite - good corrosion resistance in water service - properties which make it ideal for stoves * is an iron - extremely susceptible to rust - formed in a mold or cast and is more uniform in appearance - great for browning and broiling * is iron made by the way described above in the article - that is heated to a liquid state and then poured into a mold - one of the oldest ferrous metals used in construction and outdoor ornament - poured into a mold, like a cup cake, to maintain proper shape during solidification - produced in a foundry - relatively brittle and is subject to cracking if handled roughly - reworked and modified to make steel * is strong in compression - mechanically - stronger, wears better, and lasts longer than steel - susceptible to corrosion and abrupt cracking when in contact oleum * is the ideal material for railings - standard material of cosntruction for sewage and wastewater - used for manhole covers and as engine blocks for petrol and diesel engines - very different to wrought iron * keeps foods hot longer. * offers superior heat retention and even heat distribution. * retains heat and promotes gentle, even cooking at low heat. * works well as a tool metal. + Iron, Uses, As a metal * There are different types of iron. Cast iron is iron made by the way described above in the article. It is hard and brittle. Dietary iron * is found in large amounts in organ meats such as liver, kidney, and heart - present in food as heme or nonheme iron - probably sufficient for the iron demands of most individuals - tolerated much better than supplemental iron * obtained from plant sources is significant. Ductile iron * are more plastic and form longer chips than gray irons. * casting material similar to steel. * is an easily molded, non-brittle metal. * represents the fastest growing segment of the iron market.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | iron: Excess iron * Any excess iron is stored in the body as a reserve. * can be toxic, especially in children - very damaging to the liver - cause constipation - damage the liver - deplete phosphorus - result in damage to the liver - stain laundry * is deposited in the cells of the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, and pituitary gland - removed from the body in a procedure called phlebotomy - stored in various organs and can cause other problems * is toxic, causing organ damage - vomiting, diarrhea, and damage to the intestine Excessive iron * can cause heart and liver disease and significant brain damage. * potent generator of free radical activity in the body. Ferric iron * is blue, ferrous iron is green, and clays, carbonates, and vegetation are red. * turns the water a hazy, reddish-brown color and makes it very unappealing. * utilizes a different pathway to enter cells than ferrous iron. Gray iron * have different machining characteristics than ductile irons and leaded steels. * is one of the most easily cast of all metals in the foundry - the most versatile of all foundry metals Hot iron * becomes cold very soon. + Blacksmith: Occupations * Iron must be very hot to shape with a hammer. Hot iron becomes cold very soon. A blacksmith has only a few seconds to hammer a piece of iron, before it must be put back in the fire to become hot again.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | iron: Iron supplementation * holds the promise of decreasing the rate of donor presentations with anemia. * improves appetite and growth in anemic Kenyan primary school children - endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women * increases prevalence and effects of malaria. * reduces iron absorption from food - symptoms Low iron * can be a common problem in pregnancy. * common cause of fatigue. * leads to anemia because iron is needed to produce hemoglobin. Pig iron * Most pig iron is converted to steel by the basic oxygen process. * Some pig irons contain carbon. * is an iron<|endoftext|>### element | metal | iron: Putter * Most putters have a very fine sweet spot that runs vertically up the face of the putter. * are golf clubs - golfers * come in a vast array of sizes and metals - many sizes and shapes * have rounded edges, are lighter and are usually made from a softer, rubbery material. + Golf, Clubs * The four different types of clubs used in golf are woods, irons, putters and wedges. There are many types of irons, which can be used to hit varying distances. They are numberd 1-9 with a 1 iron hitting the ball farther then a 9. The 1 iron is no longer common in the game. Even the 2 iron is getting uncommon. Putters are used when on the green. The rules do not let the golfer use over 14 clubs in a game..<|endoftext|>### element | metal | iron: Wrought iron * Most wrought iron sold today, in fact, is mild steel. * This gives it a fibrous look similar to how wood looks. It is tough, malleable, ductile, and can be welded easily. It was most common in the old days when cast iron was the only other type of iron. Now mild steel is used instead. If it contains too much sulfur, it becomes very brittle when heated. Wrought iron has a rough surface that can hold paint and zinc for galvanization much more easily. * are irons. * can look good for many years if it is touched up whenever bare metal is exposed. * commerical form of iron that is especially sturdy, malleable and relatively soft. * fibrous iron-based material. - the lowest carbon content * is also much more resistant to rust and therefore lasts longer than cast iron - characterized by the presence of fine fibers of slag entrapped within the metal - generally fatigue resistant because it is so tough * is made from cast iron by melting it on a bed of iron oxide - in a forge - more corrosion resistant than steel * is the purest form of iron generally encountered or produced in quantity - stuff a blacksmith works with to create tools, horseshoes, and so on - tough and easy to work, making it perfect for creating tools in a blacksmith shop * is used for decorative items - primarily in fences, railings, screens and ornamental ironwork - very flexible, bends easily, but is too soft to hold an edge * metal with high tensile strength and elasticity. * suitable material for furniture. * very special form of iron. Lanthanum * Most lanthanum is extracted from monazite sands. * is metal * reacts with water to form lanthanum hydroxide plus hydrogen gas.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Lead * Most lead comes from human activities such as mining, manufacturing and the burning of fossil fuels - is used in lead acid batteries, though - reaches the ground through gravity and air turbulence * Some lead conducts electricity - has voltage - leads enter the heart through a vein, and other leads attach to the outer surface of the heart * absorbed by the body damages the brain and can cause anti-social behaviour. * acetate induced morphological transformations in Syrian hamster cells. * acetate, Made by dissolving lead oxide in vinegar. * activates protein kinase C in immature rat brain microvessels. * adversely affects the reproductive systems of both men and women. * affects all organs and functions of the body to varying degrees - both the male and female reproductive systems - people's health in the same way, whether they drink, eat, or breathe it * affects practically all bodily systems - systems within the body * alloyed with tin is the familiar solder used in plumbing and electronic applications. * are open channels of water that appear when a sheet of ice breaks apart - specialized, thin, insulated wires that are attached to the defibrillator - wires covered by soft, flexible plastic * arises largely because water picks up lead from consumers' lead pipes. * based paint and lead dust is the major cause of lead poisoning - becomes dangerous when it starts to deteriorate * based paint is an issue due to the possibility of children ingesting it - the most common lead hazard for preschool children - remains the most common source of environmental lead exposure - serious hazard for young children * causes anemia when it combines with red blood cells and bone marrow. * causes brain damage and mental and physical growth retardation in children - damage, learning disabilities and lowers IQs - digestive and other health problems - toxicity if inhaled * combines with proteins at sulfhydryl groups. * commonly reacts with the heavier chalcogens. * damages the brain, nervous system, and kidneys - central nervous system, kidneys and immune system * decreases intelligence and damages the nervous system. * distributes itself though the home environment as dust sloughs off painted surfaces. * enters a child's body mainly through ingestion. * enters the body by breathing or swallowing lead dust, fume or mist - primarily through the mouth or nose * enters the body through oral ingestion or inhalation of lead dust - when it's eaten or breathed - drinking water through lead based solder used to join copper pipes - human body in many ways * forms a series of oxides, which are important compounds - thin surface layer of oxide in air, which slowly changes to a basic carbonate - variety of compounds and exists in the environment in various forms * gives good resistance against sulphuric acid. * helps paint last longer and stick better to surfaces. * includes atoms. * inhibits aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, necessary for the synthesis of heme from porphyrin - nitric oxide production in vitro by murine splenic macrophages * iodide dense, golden yellow, slightly soluble solid. * is advantage - angles - but one example of a contaminant that causes illness through occupational exposure - by far the most common contaminant of soils - chemical elements - evidence - graphite - heavies * is heavy elements - in any place where lead paint is peeling and creating dust * is in the blood stream, bones and tissues - dust in homes if lead paint was used on the walls, etc - leadership - metallic elements - minerals - natural elements - news articles - of particular concern during pregnancy as the mother can deliver it to the fetus * is part of card games - pencils - positions - present in all soils at a normal level - scores - sections - strips - turns * occurs naturally as a sulfide in galena. * occurs naturally in the environment at very low levels * often attacks the child's developing brain, making it hard to concentrate or do well in school - travels with calcium * piercing the skin surface are prone to infection. * poses a health hazard when it becomes airborne - threat when released into the environment - severe health risk to women of child-bearing age - an immediate health threat when ingested * reduces memory, intelligence, concentration and hearing. * refers to the direction in which a line goes. * remains in surface waters for about two years, and up to a few hundred years in deep water. * replaces iron in the absorptive pathway when iron is unavailable. * severely damages the kidney and liver. * simply acts as a softening agent, making glass easier to cut and polish. * sometimes has impurities alloyed with it or coating it. * stays in the body for different periods of time, depending on where it is - very hot long after it has solidified * stops X-rays because it has a large electron density. * sulfates form on battery plates during the normal charge-discharge cycles. * tastes sweet, which is why children start and continue to put it in their mouths. * tends to have a accumulative effect and quantities can build up over a period of time. * usually enters the water supply after it leaves the treatment plant. + Lead, Uses, As an element: chemical elements :: metals * Most lead is used in lead acid batteries, though. The lead is oxidized, making electricity. Sheets of lead are used to block sound in some places. Lead is used in radiation shielding. Molten lead can be used as a coolant in nuclear reactors. It used to be mixed with tin to make the pipes in pipe organs. * Lead needs to be expanded. * Lead is too short. * Lead needs to be expanded to adequately summarise the article.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | lead: Native lead * is rare in nature. * occurs in nature, but it is rare. Pencil lead * can be fatal if eaten. * is attached to a removable metal surface - consumable products - graphite - made up of graphite, which is closely packed carbon atoms * mixture of graphite and clay. * works like a lubricant for keys that stick in locks. Pure lead * corrodes at a very slow rate compared to alloys of calcium and antimony - very slowly compared to a lead-calcium alloy * heavy gray metal, easily scratched with a house key. Liquid metal * Liquid Metals Create a liquid chrome metallic texture. * conducts electricity. * provide an intermediate subphase for monolayers. * shrinks as it solidifies, creating holes that weaken the final part. Lithium * Some lithiums have low power * includes atoms. * is metal * works by bringing various neurotransmitters in the brain into balance.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Magnesium * can also be helpful for some migraine patients. * can also cause loose stools in some people as it brings water into the digestive track - significant vasodilatation of intact cerebral arteries - improve sleep - relax nerve impulses and muscle contractions * has all the required properties to protect the heart - laxative effects and helps reduce muscle contractions - many effects which counteract migraines - no effect on the tubulin-dynein system of cilia which is independent of calcium - only one valence - several important metabolic functions - the ability to relax nerves and muscles * is also a Calcium channel blocker - viable alternative to other metal alloys * is also essential for the health of the heart and the circulatory system - production and utilization of insulin - necessary for healthy bones and energy production * is also necessary for the metabolism of vitamin C, phosphorus, potassium and sodium - production of parathyroid hormone - lighter than even aluminum, yet about as strong * provides many benefits for the heart. * seems to affect everything from breathing patterns to reflex muscle tension. ### element | metal | magnesium: Dietary magnesium * Most dietary magnesium comes from vegetables, particularly dark-green leafy vegetables - such as dark green, leafy vegetables * affects susceptibility of lipoproteins and tissues to peroxidation in rats - tisue to peroxydation * is absorbed in the small intestines and is excreted through the kidneys. Intracellular magnesium * is correlated with intracellular potassium. * predicts functional capacity in patients with coronary artery disease. Low magnesium * causes abnormal heart rhythm and convulsions - tissue breakdown and cell destruction * is associated with cardiovascular problems, depression, and anxiety. Magnesium citrate * is also an easily absorbed form of magnesium - chemical compounds - more soluble and bioavailable than magnesium oxide * very absorbable form. Magnesium supplementation * can decrease the size of an existing stone and prevent further formations - lower blood pressure in people with hypertension * is beneficial as well, working with the oils to reduce inflammation - especially beneficial during times of extreme stress or illness - one of the latest and greatest supplements for headaches - used widely in Canada as a preventive regimen * reduces the development of diabetes in a rat model of spontaneous niddm. Manganese metal * dissolve in acid and corrode in moist air. * is ferromagnetic only after special treatment.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | manganese: Pure manganese * is made by reacting the manganese ore with sulfuric acid and electrolyzing it. + Manganese, Preparation: Chemical elements :: Metals * Manganese is normally made in an alloy with steel. This is made by mixing manganese ore and iron ore in a furnace and reducing it with carbon. This forms an alloy called ferromanganese. Pure manganese is made by reacting the manganese ore with sulfuric acid and electrolyzing it.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Mercury * Most mercury affects brain development * Most mercury enters aquatic environments * Most mercury has density - elliptical orbits - enormous ranges - fields - magnetic fields - properties - temperature ranges * Most mercury has weak fields - increases excretion - occurring in the atmosphere is in the form of elemental vapor * Some mercury contains irons - vaccines * Some mercury has diameters - gravity - health - low gravity - surface gravity * Some mercury is located in fish - natural in the environment - reaches Indiana waters occurs naturally * accumulates most efficiently in the aquatic food web - mostly in the kidneys and the brain * acts as a cumulative poison because the rate of elimination by body functions is low - poison to the central nervous system in humans - to effect health by interfering with enzyme function - communication and so Virgo is associated with a rapid speed of learning - fetal development, preventing the brain and nervous system from developing normally * alloys well with a number of metals. * attaches to particles of organic material or sediment and falls to the river or lake bottom * attacks the brain and nervous system - central nervous system and can damage the brain, kidneys and lungs - human central nervous system, particularly the brain * bioaccumulates and persists in the environment. * bioaccumulates in fish tissue, prompting advisories for pregnant women to limit consumption * blocks the natural formation and migration of nerve cells and slows the growth of the brain. * boils at a very low temperature, and disappears as fumes when heated. * can be a pregnancy problem even prior to conception - very dangerous substance and is difficult to dispose of properly - harmful to the nervous system at high levels of exposure - naturally present in ore and is produced as a byproduct of gold and silver mining - toxic to the nervous system - toxic, or poisonous, to loons * can cause a host of problems in our bodies - abnormal hair loss and hair growth - acute poisoning in a large dose - an array of neurological and developmental problems in infants and children - both chronic and acute poisoning - brain damage, disabilities, birth defects and even death - developmental and neurological problems, especially in fetuses and young children - neurological damage - serious and permanent nerve and kidney damage - severe birth defects in unborn children - enter surface waters naturally from rock and soil as well as from industrial activity * can enter the air from the burning of coal and waste and from manufacturing plants - body either through skin absorption or through inhalation of mercury vapors * can enter the body through inhalation of mercury vapors or by skin absorption - the skin, by mouth, or by inhalation - when contaminated water is used for drinking or for preparing food - harm older children and adults, but it takes larger amounts - produce colorless, odorless, and difficult to detect vapor at room temperature - travel long distances in the atmosphere * can, at times, behave in a peculiar fashion. * causes cancer, birth defects, and neurological damage - damage to the nervous system - mercury poisoning - miscommunication like appointments missed, and events that don t go as planned - permanent damage to the liver and central nervous system and can cause birth defects - problems with the nervous system that can lead to learning difficulties in children * causes severe health effects on people, fish and wildlife - neurological damage to the developing fetus and child * collects in animals and moves up the food chain, primarily through fish. * comes from natural and man-made sources. * concentrates as it moves up the food chain. * conducts electricity and is used to make silent, position dependent switches * consists of virtually no atmosphere. * containing products can themselves result in a direct release to the environment. * continues to be used routinely at medical facilities - rise slowly after stopping inflation - seep into the waterways, via the factories' waste heaps and drainage canals - sink, but Mars creeps higher, in the days thereafter * deals with all types of learning and acquiring of knowledge - the way our mind works * diffuses into the metallic alloy particles, reacting with silver and tin. * easily alloys with metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, known as amalgams. - the body through the lungs and the skin * enters the environment both naturally and through man-made sources - naturally and through industrial pollution - through waste incinerators and coal-burning power plants * evaporates easily and can become a breathable vapor, which can cause health problems. * experiences odd conditions. * flows so beautifully that it is also called quicksilver. * forms useful compounds with other elements. * freezes at a higher temperature than alcohol does. * gives off a bluish-white color. * governs the brain, sense of sight, communication and movements - intellect and communication abilities - mind and intellect * governs the mind, intellect, and all forms of communication - speech, and all other forms of communication * helps rule the nervous system. * impacts most severely on neural tissue. * impairs fetal development, preventing the brain and nervous system from developing normally. * includes atoms. * inhibits absorption of minerals. * interferes with fat metabolism and so does a high temperature. * is always tough to spot because it is never very far from the sun - by far the densest of the planets in the solar system, a fact that puzzles scientists - chemical elements - close to the sun - companies - division - elusive and requires a low horizon and a clear sky if it is to be seen - heavy metal - liquid metal - liquids - located in mouths - metallic elements * is present in numerous chemical forms - throughout the fish muscle, called the filet - programming language - toxic substances - transition metal * lacks American national identity. * leaves the body mostly through the urinary and digestive tracts. * literally bakes and freezes at the same time. * looks like a bright star, and most people that see it find that it looks pink - crescent moon when it passes between Earth and the sun - pink starlike object about as bright as a bright star, always low in the sky * loves sulfur more than other molecules. * mixes with the food and goes down the digestive tract with it. * moves around the sun faster than any other planet - quickly around the sun in an elliptical path, like a horse running around a racetrack - swiftly around the sun - through the environment as a result of both natural and human activities * occurs naturally at relatively safe levels - in coal and mineral ores * occurs naturally in the environment and is also released as the result of human activities - as mercuric sulfide, also known as cinnabar - in several forms - environment, e.g., from volcanic emissions or from soil - theenvironment as mercuric sulfide, also known as cinnabar - naturally, and also becomes airborne during combustion and incineration processes - uncombined in nature to a limited extent * often is visible from earth with binoculars and sometimes even the naked eye. * penetrates the placenta barrier and can adversely affect an unborn child. * plays a tremendous role in influencing the public opinion - havoc with bacteria because it is so toxic - roles * precipitates into even the most pristine of lakes. * primarily manufactures outboard motors, props, housings, and associated engine parts. * puts in an appearance late in the month. * rains down on Midwest cities, slowly poisoning humans and other species alike. * reaches children through consumption of fish and fish products, particularly tuna - waters either through direct deposition or as run-off from soil after rain * recycles between land, water, and air and enters plant and animal tissue. * relates to youth who can learn so quickly, because they adapt and change continually. * rises no higher by suction, than the weight of the atmosphere impels it. * rotates slower. * rules all the mental functions and the nervous system - our thinking processes * rules the lungs, the lymphs and the nerves - mind, intellect, and all communications - overall quality of the early years of life * settles downwind from plants contaminating the fish in many lakes and rivers. * shines low in the west early in the month. * shows no traces of active movement - some variety of surface features * sinks lower day by day. * slips between the Earth and sun today. * stands tall. * starts off to the right of Jupiter and much closer to the horizon. * symbolizes communication. * tends to accumulate in food chains - higher food chain levels - evaporate slowly over a period of time * therefore bakes and freezes at the same time - has only a relatively thin silicate mantle and crust * too can kill living things, from bacteria to human beings. * translates the light of Jupiter to Venus. * travels far downwind, before raining down on Maine's lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams. * vaporizes rapidly at room temperature, and can rapidly spread throughout the room. + Mercury (element), Toxicity: Metals :: Chemical elements * Mercury is liquid at room temperature, and fumes of mercury are very poisonous. Ingested elemental mercury is less dangerous. The biggest problems are organic mercury compounds which are eaten with food. Mercury can cause both chronic and acute poisoning.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | mercury: Airborne mercury * can come from miles away, even across state lines. * falls back to earth in precipitation, ending up in lakes. * is captured by rain drops and deposited on the landscape when it rains. * settles over waterways, polluting rivers and lakes and contaminating fish. Atmospheric mercury * is one of the most worrying of the airborne trace metal issues of today - oxidized, then returns to the water surface in rain * mixes with rain and snow and falls into lakes and waterways. Inorganic mercury * cause of allergic contact dermatitis. * heavy, silver-white metal that is liquid at room temperature. * is absorbed from the lungs and gastrointestinal tract - found in nature - usually a white powder or crystals * steals methyl groups from methylcobalamin, and methyl mercury is formed. Mercury toxicity * can cause nearly every disorder known to man. * looks much like autism. Metallic mercury * hazardous material that can vaporize at room temperature. * is considered a recyclable, rather than hazardous waste. * is highly toxic by skin absorption, inhalation, and ingestion - in an ampoule attached to a bimetal sensing element * is used in thermometers, fluorescent bulbs, and barometers * passes into the brain and fetus. * shiny, silver-white, odorless liquid. Organic mercury * is absorbed reasonably well by the gastrointestinal tract - through the digestive tract and also through vapors - of more concern at environmental levels - the most poisonous form * passes into the breast milk as well. Planet mercury * Some planet mercury has gravity. * plays important roles Molybdenum * Most molybdenum is used as an alloying element in steels. * deficiencies cause yellow mottling and dead spots on the leaves. * is metal<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Nickel * Most nickel is used to make stainless steel. * Some nickels contain copper. * are chemical elements - coin - loose change - metallic elements - transition metal - u.s * brings significant environmental benefits to products, processes and society. * can irritate skin. * combines easily with other metals to form mixtures called alloys. * comes in contact with. * contains an actual size microfilm. * forms a series of complexes with aqueous ammonia. * gives glass a greenish color. * helps provide strength and toughness and improves corrosion resistance. * includes atoms. * is chiefly valuable for the corrosion-resistant alloys it forms such as stainless steel - easy to work and can be drawn into wire - essential to the steel-making process which is heavily dependent on scrap metals - ferromagnetic and fair conductor of heat and electricity - good at standing up to the elements and resisting oxidation as well * is hard, ductile, malleable, and ferromagnetic - malleable, ductile, and somewhat ferromagnetic - magnetic, hard, malleable , and ductile - malleable so coins can be struck to show the finest detail - present in most meteorites * looks like silver, thus is readily acceptable, while holding far less metallic value. * mixes well with other metals to make many useful alloys. * occurs in nature principally as oxides, sulphides and silicates - some beans where it is an essential component of some enzymes - occasionally free in nature but is mainly found in ores * offers good corrosion resistance though it does become dull over time, and is expensive. * ores grade evolution in some leading nickel producing countries. * oxidizes slowly at room temperature and is considered corrosion-resistant. * plays a role in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, hormones, and membranes. * protects metallic objects from corrosion and promotes excellent leveling. * reacts readily with nitric acid yielding nickel nitrate. + Nickel, Safety: Chemical elements :: Metals :: Transition metals * Nickel can irritate skin. That is why nickel jewelry is bad for some people. Some nickel salts are carcinogens.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Nickel alloy * Some nickel alloys are among the toughest structural materials known. * are characterized by strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion and heat - corrosion resistant in many environments, especially alkaline rich situations * can be hot or cold worked. ### element | metal | nickel: Electroless nickel * becomes harder with an increase in temperature. * is considered a very strong yet brittle material - used extensively in salvage of mismachined parts * plating of all water channels is recommened to inhibit rust.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | nickel: Nickel silver * is alloy - another zinc alloy - copper, nickel, and zinc - more retardant to corrosion and is used commonly for valve casings * metal alloy containing nickel, copper and zinc. * unique alloy with a low tarnish factor. + Zinc, Uses, As a metal: Chemical elements :: Transition metals * Brass is the most common zinc alloy. Zinc can form alloys with many other metals. Zinc aluminium is an alloy of zinc and aluminium, which makes good bearings. Commercial bronze has zinc in it. Sometimes cadmium telluride is reacted with zinc to make cadmium zinc telluride, a semiconductor. Nickel silver is another zinc alloy. Raney nickel * finely-divided alloy of nickel and aluminum, suspended in water. * is known to generate hydrogen when the dry powder is mixed with water. Niobium * finds use as a constituent of alloy steels. * is metal * looks like steel or, when polished, like platinum. * occurs primarily in two minerals, columbite and pyrochlore. ### element | metal | niobium: Pure niobium * has excellent characteristics as a construction material in nuclear power plants. * is soft and ductile. Noble metal * Most noble metal has electrochemical potential. * Some noble metal includes copper. * are metals that are resistant to corrosion or oxidation , unlike most base metals - very strong and very durable against chemicals, water, and air * tend to wet poorly, forming raised beads. Non metal * conducts electricity. * make great insulators for electricity conduits.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Palladium * Most palladium is used for catalytic converters in the automobile industry. * Some palladium is emitted with the exhaust gases of cars with catalytic converters. * has similar chemistry to platinum. Its main use is as a catalyst and also in jewellery. * acts as a catalyst to the reaction. * also absorbs hydrogen gas, forming palladium hydride. * are chemical elements - metallic elements - transition metal * can occurs as a natural alloy with other platinum-group metals. * common component of crown and bridge metals. * does however have a genuine use in 'green' energy, as a catalyst in hydrogen fuel cells. * grey metal with very similar properties to platinum. * has an unusual tendency to pick up such gases as hydrogen , and oxygen - little environmental impact - no biological role * is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates - combined with gold to create dental alloys - an extremely white metal and is by far the dominant colour, so white gold is achieved - attacked by nitric and sulfuric acid - available in elemental form as palladium black, and a variety of metal shaped ingots - is durable, resists oxidation, is engravable, and lasts a lifetime - listed as a potent carcinogen - much less dense than platinum - of interest as an oxidation catalyst for applications such as methane combustion - regarded as of low toxicity, being poorly adsorbed by the body when ingested - still a bridal metal * is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of sulfuric acid - an alloy in jewelry, mostly in the production of white gold * is used in alloys with gold or platinum in expensive jewelry - catalytic converters in cars to reduce pollution - everything from cell phones to dental work, but auto makers dominate demand - other applications by the electrical, dental, chemical, and jewelry industries - the manufacture of mobile telephones and car exhausts * key ingredient in the catalytic converters that control harmful car emissions. * lustrous silver-white metal. * metal with low toxicity. * resembles platinum chemically. * silver-white metal that is both ductile and malleable. * soft silver-white metal that resembles platinum. * soft, white metal. + Palladium (band), Musical Style: English musical groups * Palladium get ideas from a wide range of music. Pink Floyd, The Police, Toto, Fleetwood Mac, Stevie Wonder and Hall and Oates have all been mentioned by the band. They have also played at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Platinum * already plays a key role in the refining of crude oil into gasoline and other products. * also increases contrast slightly. * beautiful silvery-white metal, when pure, and is malleable and ductile. * brilliantly white, highly resistant metal. * catalyzes the oxidation of methanol. * causes no allergic reaction with the skin which the alloy in gold can with some people. * dominant visible and recessive lethal. * has important applications as a catalyst. * has many uses, especially in alloys - purity, strength, rarity, durability, and a natural rich, white color * includes atoms. * is also hypoallergenic and resists tarnish - one of the most enduring jewelry metals * is among the finest, purest and rarest precious metals - purest, rarest and most durable metals on earth * is an expensive hard metal - important metal - information technology and business solutions company - described as a silvery-white, dense metal that is quite malleable and ductile when pure - distinctive, it looks and feels different than silver or white gold - electroplated from two different electrolytes * is extremely dense, and is much more heavier than silver or gold - remarkably heavy - found uncombined as a free element and alloyed with iridium as platiniridium - from a Spanish word meaning silver - heavier and more dense than other metals and it has an elegant, rich, white luster * is ideal for jewelry that is worn everyday because it shows little wear - that's worn everyday because it shows little wear * is more dense than gold which means it wears better than gold - efficient at heating and cooling but is more prone to damage - expensive then gold - rare on Earth than gold and silver - much more than a precious metal - music recording - non-corroding and fully hypoallergenic - non-reactive with virtually all chemicals and materials - non-toxic - obtained from platinum ores and is used to make jewelry and containers * is one of the elements in a group known as the platinum group metals - heaviest metals in the world * is one of the most beautiful metals used in jewelry today - noble metals, so called because it is chemically non-reactive - rarest of all precious metals, found only in a few locations in the world * is one of the rarest, purest and most enduring metals available - strongest and most enduring jewelry metal - strongest, most enduring and one of the heaviest metals in the world - world strongest and most enduring metals - pure through and through - referred to as a noble metal because, like gold, it resists corrosion - related to iridium - resistant to wear and corrosion - specially prepared for use as a catalyst - the element used to tint the glass used in office buildings * is the hardest of the precious metals, it never tarnishes - pure precious metals - metal of choice for today's discriminating jewelry buyer * is the most precious of all metals - valuable and precious of all precious metals - and the rarest by far - used as a catalyst in automobile catalytic converters and in many commercial processes * is used because it is an excellent conductor - the glass melt has a natural affinity for wetting it - for a really really light blonde, but they make it look greyish silver * is used in an almost pure state making it hypoallergenic - the manufacturing of fiber-optic cable - very stable * is, among other things, used in catalytic converters for automobiles. * key component to current automotive fuel cell designs. * light silvery metal that is was origionionally used for jewelery. * multi-faceted precious metal. * premium account that pays for itself. * provides extra high knot strength with outstanding abrasion resistance. * shows little wear and thus offers precious stones greater protection. * silver colour and also inert in most peoples bodies. * silvery-white metal that is malleable and ductile * tends to show very little wear as it is more durable than gold. * uses the sun as a potent elixir to preserve an image. * is very malleable and ductile, which means it can be hammered into thin sheets and it can be pulled into wire. Platinum is very stable. Acids do not affect platinum. * very dense metal, heavier than gold, silver and even lead - different substance to a chemist
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | platinum: Pure platinum * has all the desirably properties except hardness. * is used in a wide range of diverse applications.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Potassium * Activates certain enzymes. * Most potassium conducts electricity. * Most potassium helps calcium excretion - occurs in the Earth's crust as minerals, such as feldspars and clays - promotes healthy digestion * Some potassium has effects - strong effects * Some potassium helps blood pressure - high pressure * Some potassium helps lower blood pressure - high blood pressure - reacts with bromine * Taking docusate increases the amount of potassium excreted from the body in the stool. * affects several major organs including the heart - the body's electrical system, which regulates the heart beat * allows plants to complete a normal life cycle. * also acts as a vasodilator, reducing blood pressure - aids the heart's functions - burns in air easily, to make the peroxide or the superoxide * also helps in the digestion of food and in the proper function of the eyes - transmission of electrochemical impulses needed by the human nervous system - protect plants from drought and diseases * also helps regulate blood pressure and allows the heart and kidneys to function properly - pressure, nerve impulses, and muscle contractions * also helps to maintain a regular, normal heart rhythm - inhibits the release of a hormone called renin from the kidneys - is necessary for cellular enzymes to work properly - offers promise as a kidney-guarding mineral * also plays an important part in the formation of sugars and starches - role in the functioning of our kidneys * also promotes healthy digestion and strong bones - root development in the fall and early spring - regulates blood pressure and maintains proper water balance in cells - supports the normal functioning of the heart, muscles, kidneys and blood * appears to be one of the ions responsible for the condition. * balances the amount of sodium in cells. * becomes more important once the forage has been established and harvested. * behaves much like nitrogen, in that it dissolves quickly. * body salt carefully controlled by the kidneys. * burns with a lilac colored flame. * can accumulate to higher levels before the problems develop - move into and out of cells - potentially help to prevent constipation - reduce high blood pressure - treat high blood pressure caused by high salt intake * carries a tiny electric charge, serving as an electrolyte. * causes calcium retention in healthy adults. * channels Potassium channel openers new class of cardiovascular drug. * combines with sodium. * common element found in many materials, such as micas, clay, tephra, and evaporites - mineral associated with muscle cramping * constituent of all plant and animal tissue and a vital component of fertile soil. * contained in the oil is effective for maintaining our cardiovascular health. * contributes to vigor and color, and seed formation. * controls blood pressure - heart activity and maintains fluid balance * critical component of all cells - regulator of apoptotic enzymes in vitro and in vivo * encourages strong root growth, water uptake and triggers enzymes that fight disease. * even helps prevent strokes that are unrelated to high blood pressure. * exists in the body as a positively charged electrolyte. * flows from the bloodstream into muscle cells - out until the cell is again negatively charged on the inside * forms many important compounds. * gives grass plants drought, disease and cold tolerance - soft soaps and sodium gives hard soaps * going to Argon-goes back farthest in time. * has a lower first-ionization energy than lithium - strong alkalizing effect and changes the pH of the urine * has an important role in blood pressure treatment - metabolism - key functions for many body processes - major roles in cell metabolism and in nerve and muscle cell function - many functions in the body - no organic fraction and is immediately available to plants - qualities important for electrolyte balance * health factor for animals and humans, as well as plants. * heart-healthy mineral. * helps against the effects of heat - balance fluids in cells, which, if low, can cause painful muscle cramps * helps control fluid balance, an important factor in blood pressure regulation - fight off disease and encourage strong stem growth - keep the blood circulating * helps lower blood pressure Potassium supplements have been found to lower blood pressure - high blood pressure by aiding the excretion of sodium * helps maintain fluid regulation and normal pH. All three help normalize - the normal function of the heart and nervous system - plant grow strong root systems and promotes disease resistance - plants to fight off diseases - reduce calcium loss and lowers blood pressure - fluid retention * helps regulate water balance, and blood pressure which are affected by stress - calm nerves and relax muscles * helps the kidneys retain calcium, rather than sending it out into the urine - plant withstand stress, disease and insect damage * helps to balance body fluids - reduce the amount of sodium in the body - stabilize blood pressure - turfgrasses survive stress * hydrator and allows the skin to retain moisture. * hydride presents a more serious fire hazard than sodium hydride. * improves a plant s ability to cope with stress - fruit deep green color, firm flesh, shape, and overall yields - overall vigor of the plant * improves the cell's intake of nutrients and expulsion of waste - quality of the leaf 's physical appearance and burning properties * includes atoms. * increases plant resistance to disease and high and low temperatures - the metabolism * influences both skeletal and cardiac muscle activity. * iodide can minimize the uptake of radioactive iodide - reduce potassium permanganate to potassium manganate - finds use in photography * iodide is added to table salt to virtually eliminate the goiter - effective as a thyroid blocking agent - one of the most common iodides - prepared commercially from iodic acid and potassium bicarbonate - taken by mouth * iodide is the ingredient that is routinely added to table salt to make it A iodized - same substance added to iodized salt * iodide is used as a heat stabilizer and a catalyst in synthetic fiber manufacturing - reasonable, prudent and inexpensive supplement to evacuation and sheltering - salt, similar to table salt * is absorbed through the intestines and is stored in the cells and kidney's. * is abundant in fruit, vegetables, and milk products - most natural, unprocessed foods, particularly fresh fruits and vegies - almost always deficient in prefresh rations in order to avoid milk fever * is also available in most commercial fertilizers - essential to mental function, brain power and nerve impulses * is also important for thickening the stems - in maintaining the fluid balance in the body - important, but to a smaller extent than calcium - mobile in soils, depending on soil texture * is also plentiful in dairy products - the gastrointestinal tract - present in apricots * is an alkali metal - electrolyte and is affected greatly by the amount of sodium in the body * is an electrolyte that helps muscles contract - keeps fluid balanced in and around cells - electrolyte, which mineral in the blood that can be measured by a blood test * is an element in the Periodic table and is an alkali metal - that is frequently overlooked - enzyme activator and helps regulate stomates - essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils * is an essential dietary element that is present mostly in the muscles - mineral and electrolyte - element for all living organisms - important material * is an essential mineral and primary electrolyte - that is involved in both electrical and cellular functions - vital in the transport of nutrients across the cell membrane - nutrient for plants and animals - extremely active metal that reacts violently with oxygen and water in air * is an important element that is needed by all plants - mineral whose imbalance leads to cardiac arrest - plant nutrient for several reasons * is another essential nutrient found in many natural and man-made food ingredients - important ingredient present in bananas - called a macro mineral, because the body needs large amounts for proper functioning - chemical elements - considered to be non-toxic - controlled very carefully by the kidneys - critical for plant growth from the establishment phase through complete coverage - critically important for normal heart and nervous system function - especially effective in diets that also include generous servings of dairy products * is especially important for blood pressure - in turf during stressful cold weather in the winter months * is essential for carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and insulin secretion - cell division and strong stems - good nutrition and health - health muscle and nervous system functioning - life, but it contains a small fraction of a radioactive isotope - optimum metabolism of every cell in the body * is essential for strong roots and increased nutrient uptake * is essential to both plant and animal life - the smooth running of plant enzymes into the plant - fairly soluble and can be leached out of the effective root zone of bermudagrass - formed in supernovas by nucleosynthesis from lighter atoms - found in a wide range of foods * is found in a wide variety of foods, but especially fruits and vegetables - bananas and potatoes - bananas, leafy green vegetables and citrus fruits - foods such as bananas, lima beans, poultry, avocados and dairy products - great amounts in bananas, bread, clams, potatoes, milk, and raisins * is found in highest amounts in fresh, unprocessed food - concentrations in plant leaves, rather than seeds - many foods - meats, milk, fruits and vegetables - nature as ionic salts - seawater, but in relatively small amounts compared to sodium * is found in the cat's blood and within all the cells of the body - sea, in rocks and in plants - whole grains, leafy green vegetables and fruits such as bananas and oranges - to be very mobile under leaching conditions - from sulfate of potash - good for the general health and vigor of the plant - important for disease resistance and winter hardiness * is important for maintaining normal blood pressure - bodily functions - muscles and nerves to function properly - normal growth and for building muscle - proper heart function * is important in a lot of reactions within the plant - all stages of plant growth - both protein and carbohydrate metabolism * is important in the body's acid-base balance, nerve transmission, and muscle function - manufacturing of starches and sugars in the plant - to help regulate muscle activity * is in almond, sesame, sunflower, mung and cow pea sprouts - high concentration inside the cell and low outside * is involved in cell metabolism, protein synthesis, and water use - nerve function, muscle control and blood pressure - known to be essential for protein synthesis and enzyme activation * is less damaging to soils and less mobile than sodium - dense than water, so it can float on water * is lost by leaching - from the body in vomit, diarrhea and urine - in the urine when urine production becomes excessive - metallic elements - mined from a number of minerals - moderately mobile in the soil - more important for health than most medical people realize - muscle strength - necessary during all stages of growth * is necessary for fluid balance in our body - many body functions - proper nerve conduction - the body's water balance and muscle irritability - well being - needed by the forage to protect itself from freezing injury during the winter * is needed for healthy nerves and muscles - muscles to function properly - the healthy, steady functioning of the nervous system - vigorous growth - in fairly large quantities to regulate metabolic reactions within the plant * is needed to build strong stalks, fight diseases, and translocate water within the plant - maintain good health - needs to be in balance with sodium at all times - non-existent or rare in processed foods - odorless, colorless, and, in the usual concentrations, tasteless - one of several naturally occurring elements in blood called electrolytes * is one of the body's major ions - minerals important to decrease blood pressure - most abundant elements, and an essential component of food * is one of the most important components that regulate blood pressure - elements in the body - reactive and electropositive of metals - substances the body needs for normal heart and muscle function - three primary nutrients, or macronutrients, required by plants - ordinarily in the form of potassium chloride or sulfate * is particularly important in improving wear tolerance - to clover - plentiful in most foods * is present in all fruits, vegetables, meat and fish - meats, fruits and vegetables such as oranges, bananas and avocados - primarily an intra cellular ion - probably most important for the cells which make up skeletal and cardiac muscle - purported to reduce fatigue and muscular weakness - relatively immobile in the soil - released into the blood from damaged muscle cells * is required by aquarium plants for photosynthesis and the maintaining of cell pressure - plants to assist in the uptake of other nutrients * is required for enzymatic reactions taking place within cells - the formation of red blood cells - in the accumulation and translocation of carbohydrates - to maintain sodium and fluid level in the body also known as an electrolyte * is responsible for seed formation and germination in flowers, fruits, or vegetables - the function of cells - retained and the level increases during renal failure - sacrificed when grains are milled - secreted along the initial and cortical collecting tubule - sequestered inside the cell, while sodium is kept out - silvery-white, low melting, metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife - stored in the muscles - supplied to plants by soil minerals, organic materials, and fertilizer - taken up by roots through diffusion * is the chief electrolyte - eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust * is the key component of commonly-used potash fertilizer, and is abundant in animal waste - fertilizer element involved in internal water movement * is the major electrolyte found inside all body cells, including muscle and nerve cells - inside of cells - intercellular cation and regulates intercellular osmolality - intracellular electrolyte - mineral in the body s cells, and it plays a crucial role in metabolism * is the most abundant cellular cation - important nutrient for stand maintenance and yield retention - nutrient that makes grasses more winter hardy - primary electrolyte within body cells - second least dense metal after lithium - seventh most abundant element in the crust of the earth * is the third major element and the last number on a fertilizer analysis - plant and crop nutrient after nitrogen and phosphorus * is the third most abundant mineral in the body - in the human body - therefore the main positively charged ion present in the intracellular fluid - translocated from older to new leaves as required by the palm * is used by plants for flower color and size - the plant in large quantities, and is second only to nitrogen * is used in fertilizer - intracellular fluid transmission - to convert glucose into glycogen for storage and later release - usually available for plant use - very healthy and reduces some of the harmful effects of sodium * is very important for resistance against powdery mildew and rust on roses - to chemical reactions inside cells - mobile and important to the growth of the plant * is vital for plant growth - stem strength, root growth, and disease resistance * is vital for the normal operation of the nervous system, muscles and kidney function - of the nervous system, muscles and the kidneys - production of energy * is vital to body functions, including muscle contraction - water soluble, so leaches into water during cooking * key plant element - player in helping plants to overcome moisture stress - synapse carrier * leaves the body in urine, so more potassium is lost. * looks after the control of water absorption by organs, bones and muscles. * maintains the body's fluid balance a vital function - water balance in conjunction with sodium * major mineral. * makes the grass hardier and more tolerant of cold weather injury. * metallic inert chemical. * mineral and can be found in many foods. * mineral found in certain fruits and vegetables - many foods, especially milk, fruits, and vegetables - salt substitutes, some fruits, vegetables, milk, chocolate and nuts - important for maintaining normal bodily functions * mineral that has been linked to depression - helps with regulating heart and blood pressure regulating mechanisms * mineral that is important to the normal functioning of cells in the body - normally removed by the kidneys and by dialysis - which appears in abundance in all living plant and animal cells * mineral, like calcium. * new addition to the list of substances for bone health. * normal dietary constituent. * nourishes the heart, kidneys, pancreas, muscles and the nerves. * now flows out of the cell, with the result that the membrane potential is re-established. * nutrient required by the bacteria to aid in digestion of the organic materials. * nutrient that helps to lower blood pressure - is kept at a very strict threshold within the body * occurs widely in many different minerals. * permanganate in contact with glycerol and other organics can spontaneously ignite. * plays a major role in plant hardiness and vigour - regulating blood pressure because it combats the effects of sodium - number of important roles in the human body also - role in preventing, and maybe lowering, high blood pressure in some people * plays an important role in nerve function and cellular integrity - integral role in the human body in controlling the water balance of the body * primary element in all cell fluid. * promotes digestion. - rooting, enzyme activation and carbohydrate metabolism - solid, sweet carrots - strong vigorous roots and resistance to disease - the development of healthy roots and stems * protects plants against stresses. * reacts fastest, lithium slowest - in many chemical reactions similar to sodium and other alkali metals - violently with halogens and detonates in the presence of bromine * reacts with chlorine - sulfur * reduces the risks of heart strokes, and calls for a healthy heart regime. * rushes into the neuron - out of the cell when they open, causing repolarization * sensitizes the body to hormones, which tell the body what to do. * soft gray metal. * soft, silver-white metal - silvery-white metal, member of the alkali group of the periodic chart * stays relatively close to the initial point of application. * stops wilting, helps roots stay in one place and assists in transferring food. * supports the electrical conductivity of brain and assists memory and learning. * tends to leak from erythrocytes into the plasma of donated blood during storage - magnify the benefits of nitrogen and phosphorus * trace mineral essential for growth and good health. * vegetable alkali, and sodium mineral alkali. * versatile nutrient in plants and is involved in many metabolic processes. * very common element and is present in most natural substances. * very important mineral to the human body * widely used ionization suppressor in atomic absorption spectroscopy. * works inside the cells to help reduce body wastes and increase energy - to maintain fluid balance in the body and nerve transmission * works with sodium to bring nutrients to cells and pull out waste - help regulate fluid balance - maintain the body's water balance - regulate the body's water balance + Iodine, Properties, Chemical compounds: Halogens :: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals * Potassium iodide is one of the most common iodides. Iodides are normally colorless but turn yellow after being in air because the iodide is oxidized to iodine. Iodides react with acidified manganese dioxide or chlorine to make iodine. Iodine monochloride is a red or brown liquid. Iodine trichloride, as well as iodine trifluoride, are yellow solids. Iodates like potassium iodate are colorless solids similar to chlorates. + K–Ar dating: Archaeology :: Radiometric dating * Potassium is a common element found in many materials, such as micas, clay, tephra, and evaporites. Time since recrystallization is calculated by measuring the ratio of the amount of 40Ar accumulated to the amount of 40K remaining. + Potassium manganate, Preparation: Potassium compounds :: Manganese compounds :: Manganates * Sometimes oxygen or potassium nitrate is used as the oxidizing agent. This makes potassium manganate. Normally the potassium manganate is converted to potassium permanganate. Potassium permanganate is more common. Potassium iodide can reduce potassium permanganate to potassium manganate. It can also be made by reacting hot potassium permanganate with potassium hydroxide. This makes oxygen and potassium manganate. + Potassium, Properties, Chemical properties * Potassium reacts in many chemical reactions similar to sodium and other alkali metals. It tarnishes in air to produce a whitish oxidized layer on the surface. This is why it is stored in oil. It also reacts very fast with water, which is another reason for its storage in oil. The hydrogen produced during its reaction with water can burst into flames when a large amount of potassium is added to water. Potassium hydroxide is also produced. * It tarnishes in air to produce a whitish oxidized layer on the surface. This is why it is stored in oil. It also reacts very fast with water, which is another reason for its storage in oil. The hydrogen produced during its reaction with water can burst into flames when a large amount of potassium is added to water. Potassium hydroxide is also produced. Potassium also burns in air easily, to make the peroxide or the superoxide - Physical properties: Alkali metals :: Chemical elements * Potassium is a soft gray metal. It can be cut easily with a knife. It melts at a very low temperature. It is an alkali metal. It is the second lightest metal, after lithium
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Potassium metal * is an example of a pyrophoric material - dropped in a lake - produced by combining potassium chloride with sodium metal at high temperatures - very dangerous and can form an explosive coating if it is kept in air * major fire risk since it catches fire when reacting with water. + Potassium, Safety: Alkali metals :: Chemical elements * Potassium metal is very dangerous and can form an explosive coating if it is kept in air. It also reacts violently with water, spewing corrosive liquid all over. Potassium compounds are not normally dangerous, unless they contain a toxic anion like chromate or chlorate. ### element | metal | potassium: Adequate potassium * helps onion plants better withstand injurious cold. * is essential for fruit formation, optimum yields and high quality. Elevated potassium * affects all cells of the body but particularly nerves and muscles. * stops the heart. Excess potassium * can aggravate the uptake of magnesium, manganese, zinc and iron. * induces larval metamorphosis in four marine invertebrate species - magnesium and calcium deficiency * interferes with calcium and magnesium absorption. * leaves the cell causing a brief hyperpolarization. Excessive potassium * can be detrimental to a peanut crop - lower calcium levels * causes chlorosis, poor root growth, and wilted new shoots. * interferes with heart function and leads to heart block and cardiac arrest. Insufficient potassium * can also exaggerate the effects of sodium. * is one of the main causes of fatigue, muscle cramping and dehydration. Low potassium * can cause muscle cramping and cardiovascular irregularities - lead to low urine citrate, which is the direct reason for increased stone risk * is called hypokalemia. * prevents the stem end of the fruit from developing properly. Potassium supplementation * helps to avoid deficiency. * is contraindicated when a potassium-sparing diuretic is given. Powder metal * can also be injection molded instead of compacted. * do absorb microwave radiation and can be heated and sintered, using microwaves. * is an energy and material saving process.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Praseodymium * are chemical elements - metallic elements * component of our glass blowing specticles. * is also a component of didymium glass - considered to be moderately toxic - one of the lanthanide rare earth metals * is one of the more abundant of rare-earth elements - common lanthanides - soft, silvery, malleable, and ductile * is used in special alloys and glasses - to make specialized yellow glass goggles for glass blowers and welders * malleable and ductile silver colored metal. * rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series in group IIIb of the periodic table - metal, and is also a member of the lanthanide series * reacts with water to form praseodymium hydroxide plus hydrogen gas. * silvery rare-earth metal that is soft, malleable and ductile - white, fairly soft, malleable, and ductile metal * soft malleable, silvery-yellow metal. * soft, malleable, ductile metal with a yellowish, metallic shine - ductile, silver-yellow metal - silvery, malleable, and ductile metal in the lanthanide group * typical metal, somewhat similar to aluminum, iron, or magnesium. Pure metal * Most pure metal has physical properties - metals are either too soft, brittle or chemically reactive for practical use * are elements which comes from a particular area of the periodic table. * have low recrystallization temperatures as compared with alloys. Rhenium * Most rhenium by-product of the copper industry. * are chemical elements - transition metal * forms a superconductive alloy with molybdenum. * is metal - rare and is used in special light bulb filiments * ranges in color from silvery - white to gray to a black powder.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Rhodium * also has a number of radioactive isotopes. * has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum - very high melting point and good electrical conductivity - no biological role * is considered to be non-toxic - extracted as a by-product of platinum and nickel mining * is used as a catalyst in some platinum alloys - plating metal in jewelry production to enhance the whiteness of white gold * is used in automobile catalysts and as an alloyed agent with platinum - catalysts, alloyed with platinum - primarily to make alloys with other metals. * as a catalyst in some platinum alloys. Accessed 19 November 2006 Rubidium * Most rubidium is recovered from the byproducts of lithium-refining operations. * is metal<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Ruthenium * are chemical elements - metallic elements - transition metal * belongs in the platinum group of metals. * hard, silvery-white metal with a shiny surface. * hard, white metal and has four crystal modifications * is after the Latin word for Russia while Osmium is from the Greek word for odor, osme - also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates - extremely resistant to acids - immune to concentrated acids, but can be dissolved by household bleach - insoluble in aqua regia, but addition of potasisum chlorate causes explosive oxidation - useful in hardening platinum and palladium as an alloy * member of the platinum group. * precious metal similar to platinum.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Samarium * also has a high neutron absorption capacity - long history in the nuclear industry * bright, fairly hard, silvery white metal. * compound of monazite and bastnaesite. * fairly reactive metal. * has no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism. * is also available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates - considered to be moderately toxic - regarded as a relatively abundant lanthanide * is the fifth most abundant of the rare elements and is almost four times as common as tin - hardest and most brittle of the rare earth elements * is used as a catalyst in certain organic reactions - for carbon-arc lighting for the motion picture industry - in carbon-arc lamps * is used to dope calcium fluoride crystal for use in optical lasers or lasers - crystals for use in optical masers or lasers * lustrous silver-white metal. * silvery-white metal belonging to the lanthanide group of the periodic table.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Scandium * metal in a group known as the transition metals. It is also a rare earth metal. What this means is that there is not very much scandium found in the earth. Because of this, the pure metal can be expensive. The pure metal is very reactive, and will react with other elements like oxygen. The metal turns from shiny to gray * causes the blue-green color in aquamarine gems. * does conduct electricity. * is also the source of artificial natural light. * is apparently a much more abundant element in the sun and certain stars than here on earth - element in the sun and certain stars than on earth - considered to be of low toxicity - found in relatively greater abundance in the sun and certain stars than on earth - similar to the rare earth elements chemically * is the first of the transition metals - transition metal with the lowest atomic number - used in alloys to add strength, remain light weight, and also has a high melting point * moderately abundant element. * reacts rapidly with many acids * relatively soft, silver-white metal. * silvery metal that is soft and has a density of about three times that of water - white, moderately soft metal * silvery-white metal that develops a yellow or pink tint when exposed to air. * soft metal with a silvery appearance - silvery metal that develops a slight yellow or pink cast when exposed to air * soft, silvery transition element which occurs in rare minerals from Scandinavia. * solid metallic chemical element and sometimes reffered to as a rare earth element. * very light, relatively soft metal - lightweight, silvery white metal that is fairly soft - rare, expensive, and lightweight metal
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Sodium * Most sodium comes from processed foods. * Some sodium causes abnormalities - reversible abnormalities - conducts electricity * Some sodium has effects - harmful effects - other harmful effects * Some sodium is essential for survival - found in most foods, from vegetables to TV dinners - necessary for good health, but there is enough natural sodium in foods * acetate plus one-half equivalent of sodium hydroxide. * acetate, however, also dissociates in water to give the OAc - ion. * affects clayey soils more than it affects sandy soils. * alone is very reactive - soft metal which reacts violently with water * also assists in keeping our muscles and nerves in top-top shape - the proper functioning of muscles and nerves - encourages calcium to pass through the kidneys - enhances overall mental efficiency and performance - forms many useful compounds - helps regulate other body functions * appears in detergents in some oils, and as an antifreeze additive. * appears to also have a separate source more widely distributed in patches over the surface - be a part of relatively volatile glue which holds together silicate grains * atoms in the gas cloud are particulary efficient at reflecting yellow light. * attracts fluid, and when people retain fluid they have trouble breathing * burns in air with a brilliant yellow flame - an orange flame to form sodium oxide - readily in air forming a mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide - with a bright yellow color in a flame test * can also be toxic to foliage - cause dispersion and swelling of clays, especially montmorillonite - alter surface water pH, making it more acidic - bind to the potting mix molecules through the cation exchange capacity of the soil * can cause soil to become compacted, inhibiting root growth - water retention which can aggravate high blood pressure - contribute to high blood pressure - hold excess fluid in the body and place an added burden on the heart - kill the soil - occur as a salt in a crystalline solid - raise blood pressure * causes fluid retention, and fat increases the risk of heart disease - gas, heartburn, and cardiovascular problems - fluids to build up in the tissues * chemical element that has been used by humans since the ancient times - that is naturally present in our bodies * combines directly with the halogens. * comes in many forms. * compound of many foodstuffs, for instance of common salt. * contributes to high blood pressure in many individuals. * corrodes quickly in airand so has few uses. * depends on using low-salt tuna. * dimethyl arsenate. * dispersing agent, and it causes soil structure to disintegrate. * does contribute to high blood pressure. * ethoxide is the conjugate base of ethanol. * exists as a negatively charged electrolyte. * floats on water, which decomposes it to evolve hydrogen and form the hydroxide. * fluoride An oral supplement to help maintain healthy teeth. * forms only outer-sphere complexes - positive ions and chlorine makes negative ions * gives off a yellow color. * has excellent electrical conductivity and is an important heat transfer agent. * helps alleviate leg cramps, as does calcium - cause high blood pressure in some people - maintain proper body fluid volume - move our muscles and develop bone - regulate movement of fluids in and out of body cells - the kidneys to regulate water levels in the body * helps to maintain the concentration of body fluids at correct levels - prevent sunstroke * helps to regulate acid-base balance and fluid movement across the cell membranes - the water in the body * holds water, causes bloating thus increases weight. * improves palatibility as it offsets the sweetness of the added sugars. * includes atoms. * iodide gives a yellow solid that turns black on the addition of sodium sulfide - produces a very large amount of light compared to other scintillators * is absolutely essential for life - abundant in most foods except fruit - adsorbed and becomes attached to soil particles - alkali metal - also highly chemical reactive * is also important to moose - proper nerve function and the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates - necessary for nerve and muscle functioning * is also vital for the function of nerves - to regulating many body processes * is available in abundance in the American diet - adequate quantities from a variety of plant foods - chemical elements - commonly deficient in diets, but chlorine levels are usually adequate - considered an alkali metal - contraindicated in patients with hypertension - especially important in extracellular water balance and the acid-base balance * is essential for good health - in maintaining normal body fluid levels - even cheaper and more plentiful than lithium * is found in a great many foods - as an alloy in nuclear reactor coolant - nature only in the combined state * is found in salt and many other foods - table salt and some prepared foods, especially canned foods - very large amounts in areas such as extracellular fluid and perspiration * is found naturally in foods such as milk, seafood and eggs - low to moderate amounts - milk, meats and certain vegetables - harmful in a variety of ways as it is associated with heart disease and water-weight gain * is hidden in many foods, so check labels on food packages for sodium content - processed foods and naturally occurs in many other favorites - highly mobile and can readily leach from exposed spoil * is important for proper digestion in the stomach, nerve function, and muscle contractions - in the body in limited amounts * is in another group with elements having one electron in their outer shells - high concentration outside the cell and low inside * is in table salt as part of a compound - made entirely from sodium atoms - major extracellular cation and potassium is the major intracellular cation - metallic elements * is more active than potassium - reactive in air when in a liquid state than in a solid state * is necessary for all creatures - hydrochloric acid production in the stomach - proper bodily functions - observed to concentrate near the poles, forming bright spots - often a limiting factor of plant growth - one of several naturally occurring elements in blood called electrolytes * is one of the elements used - main positively charged mineral ions or electrolytes in body fluid - most serious limiting minerals in nature for mammals - only one of many factors known to affect blood pressure - our planet's sixth most abundant element and it is the most abundant alkali metal - pivotal to fluid and electrolyte balance and to the homeostasis of all body systems * is present in additives such as monosodium glutamate and sodium bicarbonate - fair abundance in the sun and stars - most antacids - the white and pink feldspar crystals in a piece of granite - primarily responsible for maintaining normal levels of extracellular fluid volume - regulated by our kidneys - responsible for regulating and transferring body fluids - rich in the serum but poor in the intracellular water - so soft that it can be easily cut with a knife - soft, malleable and ductile - used in fireworks to make an intense yellow color * is used in the broth or solution of some enhanced products, usually at very low levels - manufacture of tetraethyl lead and as a cooling agent in nuclear reactors * is vital for maintaining fluid balance in body tissues - to normal body growth * is, after chloride, the second most abundant element dissolved in seawater. * lactate effect on sensory characteristics, cooked meat color and chemical composition. * light , silver-coloured metal. * light, metallic element. * low-melting metal which reacts violently, and even explosively with water. * makes up most of the cations of blood plasma. * means metal of soda. * metal that burns when put into water and chlorine poisonous gas - ignites when it comes into contact with water - is so unstable that it bursts into flame when placed in water * mineral and an important component of body fluids - associated with high blood pressure - found naturally in many foods - needed to maintain body fluids and proper nerve function * mineral that attracts and holds water - combines with chlorine to form salt - helps the body regulate blood pressure * mineral that is needed by the body for proper functioning - required by the body to regulate blood pressure and blood volume - occurs naturally in foods - the body uses to regulate blood pressure - used by the body to control blood pressure and blood volume - which is added * naturally occuring mineral found in small amounts in most foods and abundantly in salt - present in water also helps to replace that lost through perspiration * nutrient that our body needs to function properly. * occurs in many minerals, such as cryolite, soda niter, zeolite, amphibole, and sodalite. - nearly every food, from milk and beets to celery - water and in water treated by water softeners * part of many other ingredients added to prepare foods that often have no salty taste - salt and other substances in foods * performs many essential functions in the body. * periodate interference with the quantitation of membrane phosphatase. * phosphide black solid. * phosphide is an example - flammable, making toxic gases when burned * plays a key factor in maintaining fluid balance and is essential for rapid fluid absorption - very important role in controlling the fluid balance in the body * plays an essential role in regulating fluids and blood pressure - the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume * produces a yellow flame. * ranks seventh in order of abundance of the elements in the earth's crust. * reacts readily with the halogens , forming the appropriate sodium salt - very vigorously - vigorously with fluorine and chlorine at room temperature * reacts violently on contact with water and often ignites or explodes the hydrogen formed - with water and actively with air * reacts with organic halides in two ways - water more vigorously than lithium and less vigorously than potassium * readily reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide. * refers to the salt present in the water and is generally naturally occurring. * regular part of our food supply. * sneaky substance. * soft, silvery-white metal. * solid on Earth. * soothes the liver. * sulfate anhydrous. * tends to be high also. * thiosulfate instantaneously removes chlorine. * turns on the thirst mechanism and athletes are more likely to keep on drinking. * very important element in fertilizers - light metal, light enough to float on water * very reactive element that is never found free in nature - soluble and natural ingredient of water - soluble, natural ingredient of water - soothing mineral to the liver * vital element. * well established risk factor for hypertension and resulting ischemic heart disease. + Chemical element, Compounds: Nuclear physics * In many cases, these compounds have a fixed composition and their own structure and properties. The properties of the compound may be very different from the elements it is made from. Sodium is a metal that burns when put into water and chlorine is a poisonous gas. + Phosphide: Phosphorus compounds * Phosphide' is an ion. It does not always have that formula. It is a reducing agent. Sodium phosphide is an example. Some phosphides are semiconductors and are not ionic with P3- ions. They are less reactive. Some metals form alloys with phosphorus to make phosphides. If it is ionic, then the phosphorus is in the -3 oxidation state. + Sodium phosphide, Properties: Phosphorus compounds :: Sodium compounds * Sodium phosphide is a black solid. It is ionic. It reacts with acids to make phosphine gas. It is a reducing agent - Safety * Sodium phosphide is flammable, making toxic gases when burned. It also makes toxic flammable gases when reacted with acids + Sodium, Properties: Alkali metals :: Chemical elements * Sodium is a light, silver-coloured metal. Sodium is so soft that it can be easily cut with a knife. When it is cut, the surface will become white after a bit of time. This is because it reacts with air to form sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. This reaction is very fast. Hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are produced. * Sodium is a light, silver-coloured metal. Sodium is so soft that it can be easily cut with a knife. When it is cut, the surface will become white after a bit of time. This is because it reacts with air to form sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. This reaction is very fast. Hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are produced. The hydrogen may ignite.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Sodium metal * is all too happy to donate an electron in most circumstances - produced by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride - reacted with it - soft enough to be cut with a plastic knife - with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen + Potassium chloride, Uses: Potassium compounds :: Chlorine compounds * It is used to make potassium metal. Potassium chloride is heated very hot until it melts. Sodium metal is reacted with it. The sodium metal melts and boils to make sodium gas. The sodium gas reacts with the potassium chloride to make potassium gas and sodium chloride. It can be electrolyzed in a water solution to make potassium hydroxide. It is used in food processing. It can be used to execute people in a lethal injection. ### element | metal | sodium: Dietary sodium * exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition. * is measured in milligrams.<|endoftext|>### element | metal | sodium: Excess sodium * Some excess sodium has effects - harmful effects - other harmful effects * can also elevate blood pressure in salt-sensitive people - lead to high blood pressure to which gout sufferers are prone * holds excess water, resulting in increased blood volume. * is as important a calcium-waster as excess protein - associated with water retention and high blood pressure * raises blood pressure in many people and has other harmful effects. * shows up as an interveinal leaf burn along with twig dieback. Metallic sodium * has limited use. * is dissolved in the mix and toxins are neutralized almost immediately. * is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds Sodium sulfacetamide * can cause reddening and scaling of the skin. * inhibits bacterial growth. * sulfonamide with antibacterial activity. Sulfacetamide sodium * inhibits metabolic activities in the bacteria. * is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections - incompatible with silver preparations Solid metal * Most solid metals are more flexible than black walnut shells. * is metal - solid objects - solids * move with changes in temperature. ### element | metal | solid metal: Galvanized metal * is solid metal. * is used chiefly on products such as pipe, nails, wire, container etc - in such products as roof gutters and tank linings * touching aluminum causes corrosion. Structural metal * Most structural metals have considerable ductility and fracture toughness. * lose ductility and shock resistance in extreme cold temperature environments.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Tantalum * are chemical elements - metallic elements - transition metal * cost more than standard electrolytics, but they are smaller and generally higher quality. * gray, heavy, and very hard metal - very hard metal, that is ductile and can be drawn into fine wires * greyish silver, heavy, and very hard metal. * has no biological role. * is alloyed with steel to increase steel's ductility, strength and melting point. * is completely immune to body liquids and nonirritating material - and nonirritating metal - considered to be non-toxic - extracted from the ore and serves as constituents of corrosion-resistant metal alloys - highly corrosion resistant due to the formation of an oxide film - immune to body liquids and non-irritating metal - one of the most corrosion resistant substances available - processed from a base ore called Coltan which used to have little value - quite soft compared to tungsten or even molybdenum - somewhat less effective than titanium as a getter * is used in pen points, chemical equipment, weights, and vacuum furnace parts - the electronics industry for capacitors and high power resistors - to make alloys with high melting poits, high strength, and good ductility * lustrous, hard, blue-gray transition metal. * metal used to make capacitors, tiny electronic parts that hold an electrical charge. * now sits below niobium in the periodic table. * occurs in a variety of mineralized zones - nature with the element niobium in the minerals columbite and tantalite - principally in the mineral columbite-tantalite * rare metallic element that occurs in nature with the element niobium. * rare, shiny, gray, dense metal. * shiny, grey, but ductile metal that resembles platinum - silvery metal which is soft when is pure * strong, ductile metal that is nearly immune to chemical attack at room temperatures. * very hard, malleable, ductile metal - silvery-gray metal * white lustrous metal resembling platinum.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Technetium * also has numerous nuclear isomers , which are isotopes with one or more excited nucleons - superconducting properties * are chemical elements - drugs - transition metal * byproduct of the nuclear industry and product of uranium decay. * corrosion-resistant metal. * forms various sulfides. - stable isotopes * is absorbed evenly - an element with no stable isotopes - located in the seventh group of the periodic table, between rhenium and manganese - placed between manganese and rhenium on the periodic table - radioactive and never occurs in nature - used for medical scintigraphic imaging * is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of diagnostic tests - steel alloys - the steel industry because it remarkable corrosion inhibitor * popular diagnostic tool in medicine. * radioactive silver-gray metal. * silvery-gray metal that tarnishes slowly in moist air.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Terbium * is also available in soluble forms including chlorides , nitrates and acetates - considered to be moderately toxic - malleable and ductile and can be cut with sharp objects - rare and expensive, so it has few commercial uses - reasonably stable in air - separated as a double salt with ammonium nitrate by crystallization * is used in color TV tubes - green lasers - special lasers and as a dopant in solid-state devices - x-rays and in color televisions tubes * member of the lanthanide or rare earth group of elements. * silver gray rare earth metal that is both malleable and ductile. * silver-gray metal, and is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. * soft silvery-white metal. * soft, malleable, ductile, silver-gray metal.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Thallium * can be a pollutant if the thallium waste from metal processing is washed away. * enables a sophisticated scanner to produce pictures of the heart muscle. * forms a hydroxide in water and is soluble in nitric acid and sulfuric acid. * is metal - odorless, tasteless, and poisonous - too expensive to have many practical applications * occurs in crooksite, lorandite, and hutchinsonite - small amounts in almost all living organisms - the environment naturally in small amounts * superconducting films have high transition temperatures. + Thallium, Safety: Chemical elements :: Metals * Thallium is very toxic. It can be absorbed through skin. Many of its salts easily dissolve. Some are colorless, tasteless, and odorless, but are very toxic. Some think that it is a carcinogen. Thallium can be a pollutant if the thallium waste from metal processing is washed away. Thicker metal * is stiffer and therefore it produces a higher pitch in a note with constant measures. * retains heat better and allows even heat radiation.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Thorium * can also form alloys with many other metals. * is attacked slowly by water. * is found in several minerals, including thorianite, monazite, and thorite - small amounts in most rocks and soils * is radioactive and can be stored in bones - cause health risks when humans are exposed to it in large doses - decays at a fixed rate into a series of other elements - rather active chemically - soluble in acids and reacts slowly with oxygen at room temperature - used as an alloying agent to improve magnesium 's strength at high temperatures * is used in gas lamp mantles and nuclear breeder reactors - incandescent gas mantles and in fuel for a few nuclear reactors - magnesium alloys and in tungsten filaments for light bulbs and electronic tubes - several different ways - the glowing mantles in gas lanterns - to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs Thorium metal * is silvery and tarnishes black when exposed to air, forming the dioxide - used as a stabilizing component of electronic tubes and in magnesium alloys * source of nuclear power.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Thulium * are chemical elements - metallic elements * bright, soft, malleable, silvery-gray metal. * forms no commercially important compounds. * has few important uses - no biological role but is said to stimulate the metabolism * is considered to be non-toxic - probably the rarest of the lanthanide elements - relatively stable in air - the least abundant lanthanide on earth except for promethium * is the least abundant of the naturally occurring rare earth elements - rare-earth metals - too expensive to have many commercial uses - used in color phosphors * lanthanide element, it has a bright silvery-gray luster and can be cut by a knife. * occurs in small quantities along with other rare earths in a number of minerals. * poses no enviromental threat to plants and animals. * produces an isotope that emits x-rays. * rare earth metal in the lanthanide series. * reacts with all the halogens - hydrogen chloride to produce hydrogen gas and thulium chloride * soft malleable ductile and silvery element of the lanthanide series. * soft, malleable, ductile, lustrous silver-white metal.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Tin * Most tin is used as a protective coating or as an alloy with other metals such as lead or zinc. * TiN coated tools have a tendency to gall in Titanium and Titanium alloys. * TiN is gold-colored - used as a decorative thin film coating, but also has good wear characteristics - looks similar to gold or polished brass * are useful because they provide better surface representations than DEMs. * belong the same chemical group of carbon and somewhat similar to required properties. * brittle ore by itself. * can be highly polished and is used as a protective coat for other metals - bird traps are especially useful for quail and grouse - exist in solution as a couple of different ionic species - form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives - make an alloy with copper called bronze - stand quite a bit of heat before it melts or evaporates * come in blue, red, and green. * conducts electricity. * crystalline silvery-white metal. * exists in three allotropic forms - two allotropes, white and gray tin * full-screen Usenet reader. * has more non-radioactive isotopes than any other element. * has two allotropic forms * includes atoms. * is amalleable , ductile, and highly crystaline silvery-white metal. * is an experimental tumorigen - industrial coating process that adds hardness and durability to cutting tools - orange or peach color with an almond lid - below iron in the reactivity series - caustic to the skin - comparatively easy to reduce to metal form oxide by pyrometallurgy - expensive compared to lead, so lead alloys are cheaper - found associated with copper and, like zinc, it has a low melting point - harder than lead but softer than zinc - however one of the most probable metals to form corrosion products - important in the production of the common alloys bronz e, solder, and type metal - incredibly hard and molecularly bonds with the part - made by heating cassiterite with carbon in a furnace - mined mainly in South-East Asia and copper in Japan, the Philippines, and eastern Australia - obtained by reducing the ore with coal in a reverberatory furnace - present in some bronze alloys and solders - produced by carbothermic reduction of the oxide ore with carbon or coke - relatively unaffected by both water and oxygen at room temperatures * is remarkably lighter than the lead it resembles, which can be surprising when it is hefted - resistant to corrosion under atmospheric condition - sometimes a by-product of mineral sand production * is used as one component in bell metals - for food packaging and electronic circuits * is used in many alloys * is used to coat several metals, like lead and steel - form many useful alloys - make cans - protect food and beverage flavors and to prevent rusting * is very precious like gold and silver - soft and malleable and is very sensitive to superficial dirt cutting * malleable silvery-white metal which takes a high polish. * metal which resists rusting and corrosion - with a high conductivity * natural element in the earth's crust. * occurs in both primary and secondary deposits. * plated steel containers are used to store foods. * popular alloying agent used in the manufacture of solders for electronic components. * questionable carcinogen with tumorigenic data by implant route. * reacts with hydrochloric acid to form stannous chloride. * reduces susceptibility of the high zinc brass to dezincification. * relatively valuable metal, considerably more costly then copper, aluminium, lead or zinc. * represents data as functional surfaces. * silver, somewhat soft metal. * silvery, blue-white metal that is ductile, solderable, and covers very well. * silvery-white metal with a blueish tinge. * soft, malleable , ductile and highly crystalline silvery-white metal - pliable, silvery-white metal * widely sought metal and is used in hundreds of industrial processes throughout the world. + Cornwall * Since early times Cornwall has been an important area for the mining of tin. Tin is no longer mined but china clay is still an important industry. Bodmin Moor is the largest and highest of the granite moors of Cornwall. The climate is generally mild, with much frontal rain. The varied scenery and historical monuments attract many tourists to Cornwall. + Tin, Preparation * Tin is made by heating cassiterite with carbon in a furnace. China is the biggest maker of tin - Properties, Physical properties: Chemical elements :: Metals * Tin is a silver, somewhat soft metal. It is a post-transition metal. It can melt easily in a flame. It is malleable. It makes a crackling sound called tin cry when a piece of it is bent. Tin has more non-radioactive isotopes than any other element. * Tin can be hardened by adding antimony or copper, as well as some other elements. These also make it resistant to tin pest. Tin can also be made very shiny. Tin can make an alloy with copper called bronze * Tin is used in solder. Solder used to contain a mixture of lead and tin. Now the lead is removed because of its toxicity. * Tin is also used to make pewter, which is mainly tin mixed with a small amount of copper and other metals. Babbitt metal also has tin in it. Tin is used to coat several metals, like lead and steel. Tin plated steel containers are used to store foods. The pipes on a pipe organ are made of tin. Tin foil was used before aluminium foil. Tin was one of the first superconductors to be found. Organotin compounds are more common than almost any other organometal compound. * Tin is also used to make pewter, which is mainly tin mixed with a small amount of copper and other metals. Babbitt metal also has tin in it. Tin is used to coat several metals, like lead and steel. Tin plated steel containers are used to store foods. The pipes on a pipe organ are made of tin. Tin foil was used before aluminium foil. Tin was one of the first superconductors to be found. Organotin compounds are more common than almost any other organometal compound. They are used in some PVC pipes to stop them from decaying
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal | tin: Ordinary tin * is composed of nine stable isotopes. * silver-white metal, is malleable, ductile, and has a highly crystalline structure - malleable, somewhat ductile, highly crystalline structure Pure tin * is ductile and malleable - soft which is why it needs to be mixed with other metals * metal of attractive silvery appearance, rather soft compared with many other metals. Tin plating * improves the chemical adhesion of all metal crowns, particularly precious metal. * is done by dipping clean sheets of mild steel into molten tin, or by electroplating. White tin * has a tetragonal structure. * is the normal form of the metal and has many uses. * very shiny, ductile and malleable metal.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Titanium * Most titanium has corrosion resistance - poor wear resistance * alone strong, light metal. * appears to have no harmful effects on plants or humans. * becomes more reactive at high temperatures. * can absorb hydrogen from environments containing hydrogen gas - be heat colored, though the results are less predictable than anodizing - catch fire when a fresh, non-oxidized surface comes in contact with liquid oxygen - exist in two crystal forms * common metal although relatively costly to produce. * component of joint replacement parts, including hip ball and sockets. * creates the blue in the sapphire. * does have very good strength and durability, but it weighs almost twice much as aluminum. * fairly machinable and weldable material. * fingerprint magnet. * forms an oxide whose mineralic name is perovskite. * good candidate for high-tech, fatigue resistant, compatible joints - material for bicycle frames * hard, silver-grey metallic color. * high-tech strong metal, but it flexes. * includes atoms. * is able to conduct electricity and heat, but it does so poorly - about half the weight of steel, but twice as flexible * is actually a matrix of titanium and carbides - radioactive metallic element - added to alloys, and so on * is also a popular choice for jewellery - completely hypoallergenic - hypo-allergenic - immune to microbiologically influenced corrosion - non-corrosive, hypoallergenic and can withstand extreme temperatures and pressures - readily friction cut - responsible for the color of rose quartz - widely used in missiles and space capsules * is an amazingly light and strong metal with an outstanding resistance to corrosion - metal with and outstanding resistance to corrosion - elemental metal that has extraordinary stength and heat resistant properties * is an extremely strong and light metal and is more resistant to heat than is aluminum - metal which resists attack by acids - inert metal, which allows the implant to remain in the body forever - as strong as steel, but much lighter * is at least twenty times more erosion resistant than the copper nickel alloys - erosion resistant than the coppernickel alloys - biocompatible and is used extensively in medicine - chemical elements * is classified as a flammable metal - strategically important metal - combined with other metals to produce alloys, which are stronger metals - found in column four along with chemically similar zirconium, hafnium, and thorium - hypoallergenic and especially resistant to sea corrosion - immune to corrosion from salt-water and most industrial and organic chemicals * is immune to corrosive attack by salt water or marine atmospheres - attacks by saltwater and marine atmosphere * is light and durable metal that has a low rejection rate by the body - strong and offers proven and unique corrosion resistance - lighter and harder than stainless steel * is lighter than steel and more wear resistant - lightweight, strong as steel and immune to seawater corrosion - many times stronger than aluminum - metallic elements - more durable, and stronger than aluminum * is much more elastic than steel - softer than steel - stronger and lighter than stainless steel - non-magnetic and is therefore recommended for use with nickel grids * is nonmagnetic and has good heat-transfer properties - possesses good heat transfer properties - nontoxic and generally biologically compatible with human tissues and bones * is one of the substrates being used because it biocompatible material - transition elements of the periodic table - perfect for use as jewelry - pigment - present in meteorites and has been detected in the sun * is present in meteorites and in the sum * is present in the ash of coal, in plants, and in the human body - sun and certain other stars, in meteorites, and on the moon - produced commercially by reducing titanium tetrachloride with magnesium - silver-white metallic element used principally to make light, strong alloys - strong as steel, yet half the weight * is stronger than steel and lighter than plastic - but lighter than aluminum * is the fourth most abundant metal on the earth - lightest and most expensive material - material that made the space age possible * is the metal of choice for diver's equipment and all outdoor sports activities - used in products such as jet engines, golf clubs and surgical implants * is the most biocompatible of all metals - corrosion resistant material suitable for boat building - obvious choice for durability, and it is harder than Magnesium - strongest pure metal and is used in high-performance jets - three times stronger than steel * is transition elements in the periodic table * is used as a whitener for paint, plastic, and paper - because it is extremely hard * is used for alloys with with aluminium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, and other metals - heart valves, pace makers, dental implants, artificial hips and joints - military aircraft and missiles * is used in condensers and turbine blades in electric power plants - modern technology, notably aircraft manufacture - instead of stainless steel for posts * is used to create artificial hips and pins to set bones with - make a white pigment for paint, plastic and paper - usually the material of choice if chlorides are the main corrosion concern * is very good for recycling - rare in the lunar highlands and of variable abundance in the lunar maria - strong and abrasion resistant, and it is totally hypoallergenic * light and strong metal, often used in machinery, tools, sports gear and jewelry - weight metal used in bicycle manufacture, aeronautics, etc * light, yet strong, metal. * lustrous white metallic element. * makes the rocket make sparks and flames when it is launched. * metal that's very strong yet very light. * metallic element resembling iron. * more powerful deoxidizer of steel than silicon or manganese. * nitride hard, dense, refractory material with unusually high electrical conductivity. * offers excellent resistance over the full concentration range at sub-boiling temperatures - high mechanical strength and is non-toxic - outstanding resistance to a wide variety of environments - superior resistance to erosion, cavitation and impingement attack * popular men's eyeglass frame material because it's durable and strong. * preferred material in fishing lures. * remains rare and rich - the most popular for commercial jewelry, followed by an expanding use of niobium * resists atmospheric corrosion. * strong and light material with excellent porcelain bond strength - metal, but also incredibly light - lightweight metal used extensively in spacecraft * tends to accumulate in silica-containing tissues - shrink and distort more than steel during welding * very challenging metal to work with - common element - exotic, expensive and difficult metal to fabricate - peculiar metal for which there is only limited applications + Rocket candy, Components, Extra chemicals: Fuel :: Rockets * A metal called titanium is sometimes used as an extra chemical. It is added in flakes to the rocket candy. Titanium makes the rocket make sparks and flames when it is launched.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Titanium metal * has some very valuable properties. * is considered to be physiologically inert. ### element | metal | titanium: Titanium tetrachloride * clear, colorless liquid when kept in a sealed container. * colorless to light-yellow liquid with a pungent odor - pale yellow liquid that has fumes with a strong odor * is chemical compounds - used to iridize glass Toxic metal * Some toxic metal causes health problems - major health problems * are everywhere, putting a constant strain on our cells - of concern in areas where water bodies receive heavy concentrations of acid rain * can be abundant in some sewage sludges - increase the production of free radicals * causes lumps in breast. * have a variety of harmful effects. Trace metal * Some trace metal includes irons. * are important elements, both from nutritional and toxicological points of view - part of the fundamental building blocks of the earth ### element | metal | tungsten: Pure tungsten * is quite brittle and difficult to machine - relatively soft and can be cut with a hacksaw * steel gray to tin-white metal.<|endoftext|>### element | metal: Uranium * All uranium is radioactive. * Some uranium is mined, and Hungary is one of the world's most important bauxite producers - produced by direct chemical extraction rather than mining - leaves the body via the urine and can bemeasured by isotopic separtation * can form solids solutions and intermetallic compounds with many of the metals. * combines with oxygen to form water-soluble uranium salts. * continues to decay into a stable lead isotope. * emits radiation. * exists naturally in the body and is transported in solution. * gives off radioactivity. * includes atoms. * is chemical elements - metallic elements - of great importance as a nuclear fuel - radioactive substances - used for nuclear power * occurs in nature in combination with small amounts of other elements - numerous minerals, such as pitchblende and carnotite * poses very little risk as long as it is outside the body. * reacts with acids and water much more easily than thorium. * turns blue in air because it develops an oxide coating. Uranium metal * has very high density. * is unaffected by alkalis. ### element | metal | uranium: Natural uranium * exists in the soil at a concentration of about four parts per million. * has three isotopes in different ratios. * is inhaled daily in very small amounts by all persons - sufficiently radioactive to expose a photographic plate in an hour or so * mixture of three isotopes, or atomic strains, of the element. * silver-colored metal that is radioactive. Pure uranium * is easily, chemically, refined from that. * silvery white, weakly radioactive metal, which is harder than most elements. Vanadium * Most vanadium is used as a steel alloy called ferrovanadium. * is metal * works like insulin, increasing the uptake of glucose by cells for use as energy. ### element | metal | vanadium: Chrome vanadium * is formed by combining chemicals in different proportions. * special kind of steel formed by combining different alloys. Pure vanadium * bright white metal, and is soft and ductile. * greyish silvery metal, and is soft and ductile. * has no smell.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### element | metal: Yttrium * also dissolves oxygen gas in relatively high concentrations. * are chemical elements - transition metal * can occur as a by-product of nuclear fission. * currently has no biological role, and it can be highly toxic to humans and other animals. * fairly common rare earth element and serves an extremely broad range of functions. * has a bright, silvery surface, like most other metals - silver-metallic luster and is relatively stable in air - silvery-metallic lustre * has the highest affinity for oxygen of any element - thermodynamic affinity for oxygen of any element * highly crystalline iron-gray metal. * is also available in soluble forms including yttrium chloride , nitrate and acetate - difficult to separate from other rare earth elements - fairly stable in air but oxidizes readily when heated * is found in most rare earth minerals and some uranium ores - rare-earth minerals - the first rare earth element discovered * is used as a catalyst in ethylene polymerization - deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals - red phosphor in television screens - for red phosphorus in color TV's - in red phosphors in televisions * moderately abundant element in the Earth's crust. * never occurs in nature as a free element. * occurs in most rare earth minerals - nearly all of the rare-earth minerals * rare earth metal and rare earth metals are finding more and more industrial uses. * reacts with water to form yttrium hydroxide plus hydrogen gas. * shiny metal with a very low light transmission. * silvery rare earth metal. * silvery, ductile metal. * soft, silvery metal.
{ "source": "generics_kb" }