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Machine Reading for Question Answering Workshop 2

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{ "tokens": [ "Who", "strongly", "believed", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "wanted", "to", "restore", "the", "glories", "of", "its", "Imperial", "age", "to", "Tibet", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 4, 13, 22, 32, 41, 48, 51, 59, 63, 71, 74, 78, 87, 91, 94, 99 ] }

{ "text": [ "Van Praag" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 889 ], "end": [ 897 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 161 ] } ] }

[ "Van Praag" ]

{ "tokens": [ "However", ",", "Lok", "-", "Ham", "Chan", ",", "a", "professor", "of", "history", "at", "the", "University", "of", "Washington", ",", "writes", "that", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "'s", "aims", "were", "to", "recreate", "the", "old", "Tibetan", "Kingdom", "that", "existed", "during", "the", "Chinese", "Tang", "dynasty", ",", "to", "build", "\"", "nationalist", "sentiment", "\"", "amongst", "Tibetans", ",", "and", "to", "\"", "remove", "all", "traces", "of", "Mongol", "suzerainty", ".", "\"", "Georges", "Dreyfus", ",", "a", "professor", "of", "religion", "at", "Williams", "College", ",", "writes", "that", "it", "was", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "who", "adopted", "the", "old", "administrative", "system", "of", "Songtsän", "Gampo", "(", "c.", "605–649)—the", "first", "leader", "of", "the", "Tibetan", "Empire", "to", "establish", "Tibet", "as", "a", "strong", "power", "—", "by", "reinstating", "its", "legal", "code", "of", "punishments", "and", "administrative", "units", ".", "For", "example", ",", "instead", "of", "the", "13", "governorships", "established", "by", "the", "Mongol", "Sakya", "viceroy", ",", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "divided", "Central", "Tibet", "into", "districts", "(", "dzong", ")", "with", "district", "heads", "(", "dzong", "dpon", ")", "who", "had", "to", "conform", "to", "old", "rituals", "and", "wear", "clothing", "styles", "of", "old", "Imperial", "Tibet", ".", "Van", "Praag", "asserts", "that", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "'s", "ambitions", "were", "to", "\"", "restore", "to", "Tibet", "the", "glories", "of", "its", "Imperial", "Age", "\"", "by", "reinstating", "secular", "administration", ",", "promoting", "\"", "national", "culture", "and", "traditions", ",", "\"", "and", "installing", "a", "law", "code", "that", "survived", "into", "the", "20th", "century", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 9, 12, 13, 17, 21, 23, 25, 35, 38, 46, 49, 53, 64, 67, 77, 79, 86, 91, 101, 109, 112, 117, 122, 125, 134, 138, 142, 150, 158, 163, 171, 178, 182, 190, 195, 202, 204, 207, 213, 214, 226, 235, 237, 245, 253, 255, 259, 262, 263, 270, 274, 281, 284, 291, 301, 302, 304, 312, 319, 321, 323, 333, 336, 345, 348, 357, 364, 366, 373, 378, 381, 385, 395, 404, 408, 416, 420, 424, 439, 446, 449, 458, 464, 465, 468, 481, 487, 494, 497, 501, 509, 516, 519, 529, 535, 538, 540, 547, 552, 553, 556, 568, 572, 578, 583, 586, 598, 602, 617, 622, 624, 628, 635, 637, 645, 648, 652, 655, 669, 681, 684, 688, 695, 701, 708, 710, 720, 729, 737, 745, 751, 756, 766, 767, 772, 774, 779, 788, 794, 795, 801, 805, 807, 811, 815, 818, 826, 829, 833, 841, 845, 850, 859, 866, 869, 873, 882, 887, 889, 893, 899, 907, 912, 922, 930, 933, 943, 948, 951, 952, 960, 963, 969, 973, 981, 984, 988, 997, 1000, 1002, 1005, 1017, 1025, 1039, 1041, 1051, 1052, 1061, 1069, 1073, 1083, 1084, 1086, 1090, 1101, 1103, 1107, 1112, 1117, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1140, 1147 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "university", "was", "Lok", "-", "Ham", "Chan", "a", "professor", "at", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 16, 20, 23, 24, 28, 33, 35, 45, 47 ] }

{ "text": [ "the University of Washington" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 76 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }

[ "the University of Washington" ]

{ "tokens": [ "However", ",", "Lok", "-", "Ham", "Chan", ",", "a", "professor", "of", "history", "at", "the", "University", "of", "Washington", ",", "writes", "that", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "'s", "aims", "were", "to", "recreate", "the", "old", "Tibetan", "Kingdom", "that", "existed", "during", "the", "Chinese", "Tang", "dynasty", ",", "to", "build", "\"", "nationalist", "sentiment", "\"", "amongst", "Tibetans", ",", "and", "to", "\"", "remove", "all", "traces", "of", "Mongol", "suzerainty", ".", "\"", "Georges", "Dreyfus", ",", "a", "professor", "of", "religion", "at", "Williams", "College", ",", "writes", "that", "it", "was", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "who", "adopted", "the", "old", "administrative", "system", "of", "Songtsän", "Gampo", "(", "c.", "605–649)—the", "first", "leader", "of", "the", "Tibetan", "Empire", "to", "establish", "Tibet", "as", "a", "strong", "power", "—", "by", "reinstating", "its", "legal", "code", "of", "punishments", "and", "administrative", "units", ".", "For", "example", ",", "instead", "of", "the", "13", "governorships", "established", "by", "the", "Mongol", "Sakya", "viceroy", ",", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "divided", "Central", "Tibet", "into", "districts", "(", "dzong", ")", "with", "district", "heads", "(", "dzong", "dpon", ")", "who", "had", "to", "conform", "to", "old", "rituals", "and", "wear", "clothing", "styles", "of", "old", "Imperial", "Tibet", ".", "Van", "Praag", "asserts", "that", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "'s", "ambitions", "were", "to", "\"", "restore", "to", "Tibet", "the", "glories", "of", "its", "Imperial", "Age", "\"", "by", "reinstating", "secular", "administration", ",", "promoting", "\"", "national", "culture", "and", "traditions", ",", "\"", "and", "installing", "a", "law", "code", "that", "survived", "into", "the", "20th", "century", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 7, 9, 12, 13, 17, 21, 23, 25, 35, 38, 46, 49, 53, 64, 67, 77, 79, 86, 91, 101, 109, 112, 117, 122, 125, 134, 138, 142, 150, 158, 163, 171, 178, 182, 190, 195, 202, 204, 207, 213, 214, 226, 235, 237, 245, 253, 255, 259, 262, 263, 270, 274, 281, 284, 291, 301, 302, 304, 312, 319, 321, 323, 333, 336, 345, 348, 357, 364, 366, 373, 378, 381, 385, 395, 404, 408, 416, 420, 424, 439, 446, 449, 458, 464, 465, 468, 481, 487, 494, 497, 501, 509, 516, 519, 529, 535, 538, 540, 547, 552, 553, 556, 568, 572, 578, 583, 586, 598, 602, 617, 622, 624, 628, 635, 637, 645, 648, 652, 655, 669, 681, 684, 688, 695, 701, 708, 710, 720, 729, 737, 745, 751, 756, 766, 767, 772, 774, 779, 788, 794, 795, 801, 805, 807, 811, 815, 818, 826, 829, 833, 841, 845, 850, 859, 866, 869, 873, 882, 887, 889, 893, 899, 907, 912, 922, 930, 933, 943, 948, 951, 952, 960, 963, 969, 973, 981, 984, 988, 997, 1000, 1002, 1005, 1017, 1025, 1039, 1041, 1051, 1052, 1061, 1069, 1073, 1083, 1084, 1086, 1090, 1101, 1103, 1107, 1112, 1117, 1126, 1131, 1135, 1140, 1147 ] }

{ "tokens": [ "What", "did", "Lok", "-", "Ham", "Chan", "claim", " ", "Changchub", "Gyaltsen", "wanted", "to", "remove", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 12, 13, 17, 22, 28, 29, 39, 48, 55, 58, 64 ] }

{ "text": [ "all traces of Mongol suzerainty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 270 ], "end": [ 300 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }

[ "all traces of Mongol suzerainty" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "the", "Ming", "first", "request", "Tsongkhapa", "to", "come", "to", "court", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 18, 24, 32, 43, 46, 51, 54, 59 ] }

{ "text": [ "1407" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 282 ], "end": [ 285 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }

[ "1407" ]

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{ "tokens": [ "When", "did", "the", "Ming", "court", "send", "a", "second", "request", "to", "Tsongkhapa", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 18, 24, 29, 31, 38, 46, 49, 59 ] }

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[ "1413" ]

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[ "a non-Chinese polity" ]

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[ "Rossabi" ]

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[ "1271 to 1368" ]

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[ "Linggu Temple" ]

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[ "Nanjing" ]

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[ "Great Treasure Prince of Dharma" ]

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[ "religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Qing dynasty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 152 ], "end": [ 167 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }

[ "the Qing dynasty" ]

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[ "the Chinese central government" ]

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{ "text": [ "Tümen Khan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 157 ], "end": [ 166 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }

[ "Tümen Khan" ]

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[ "the great-grandson of Altan Khan" ]

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[ "the 5th Dalai Lama" ]

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{ "text": [ "In 1642" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 313 ], "end": [ 319 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }

[ "In 1642" ]

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[ "Master of Vajradhara" ]

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{ "text": [ "Yonten Gyatso" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }

[ "Yonten Gyatso" ]

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[ "1616" ]

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[ "Yonten Gyatso" ]

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[ "he died" ]

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{ "text": [ "the 13th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 217 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }

[ "the 13th century" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Ming dynasty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 320 ], "end": [ 335 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }

[ "the Ming dynasty" ]

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[ "1981" ]

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[ "the Ming" ]

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{ "text": [ "the central government of China" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 266 ], "end": [ 296 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }

[ "the central government of China" ]

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[ "1403" ]

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[ "Nanjing" ]

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[ "the Karmapa" ]

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[ "Kublai" ]

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[ "the Yongle Emperor" ]

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[ "Jiajing" ]

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[ "Neo-Confucian establishment" ]

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[ "the Portuguese embassy" ]

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[ "Tibetan Buddhism and lamas" ]

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[ "Jiajing" ]

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{ "text": [ "the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }

[ "the native Mongol practices of shamanism and blood sacrifice" ]

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[ "the Mongol princes and subjects" ]

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[ "execution" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 322 ], "end": [ 335 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }

[ "the Dalai Lama" ]

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{ "text": [ "Committed to their religious leader" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 253 ], "end": [ 287 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }

[ "Committed to their religious leader" ]

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{ "text": [ "the third Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }

[ "the third Dalai Lama" ]

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[ "pay tribute" ]

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{ "text": [ "the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 221 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }

[ "the title Dorjichang or Vajradhara Dalai Lama" ]

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{ "text": [ "the fifth Dalai Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 525 ], "end": [ 544 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 104 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ] }

[ "the fifth Dalai Lama" ]

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{ "text": [ "the fifth Panchen Lama" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 572 ], "end": [ 593 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 114 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }

[ "the fifth Panchen Lama" ]

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{ "text": [ "Chinese writers of the early 20th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 280 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }

[ "Chinese writers of the early 20th century" ]

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{ "text": [ "China's intervening Ming dynasty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 707 ], "end": [ 738 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ] }

[ "China's intervening Ming dynasty" ]

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{ "text": [ "the 13th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 216 ], "end": [ 231 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }

[ "the 13th century" ]

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[ "the 18th century" ]

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[ "the Mongols" ]

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[ "to help stabilize border regions and protect trade routes" ]

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[ "1505–1521" ]

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{ "text": [ "the company of lamas" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }

[ "the company of lamas" ]

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[ "Mikyö Dorje" ]

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[ "iTunes" ]

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[ "Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows" ]

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[ "iTunes" ]

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[ "weak bass response" ]

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[ "high-impedance" ]

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{ "text": [ "external headphone amplifier" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 470 ], "end": [ 497 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ] }

[ "external headphone amplifier" ]

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{ "text": [ "bass" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }

[ "bass" ]

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{ "text": [ "undersized DC-blocking capacitors" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }

[ "undersized DC-blocking capacitors" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 304 ], "end": [ 337 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }

[ "the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Republic of China and its Communist successors" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 534 ], "end": [ 583 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }

[ "the Republic of China and its Communist successors" ]

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{ "text": [ "the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }

[ "the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco" ]

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{ "text": [ "the Mongols" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 171 ], "end": [ 181 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }

[ "the Mongols" ]

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[ "patron and priest relationship" ]

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[ "to facilitate trade with Tibet" ]

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