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387_5 | June 3, 1948 (Thursday)
A referendum was held in the Dominion of Newfoundland to decide its political future. None of the three options (join Canada, regain independence or remain under British rule) achieved the required 50% approval, so a second referendum was scheduled for July 22 with the least popular option (remain with Britain) dropped.
Operation Pleshet ended in Egyptian tactical victory when the Israeli attack was repulsed.
Higinio Moríñigo was overthrown as President of Paraguay in a bloodless coup. Juan Manuel Frutos took over as provisional president.
Construction of the Crazy Horse Memorial in the Black Hills near Custer, South Dakota began with the first dynamite blast. |
387_6 | June 4, 1948 (Friday)
Daniel François Malan became 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa. The era of apartheid had begun.
Ohio's State Secretary ruled that the group supporting Henry A. Wallace for president was not entitled to appear on the state's ballot, calling attention to the fact that the group's original affidavit failed to include a statement that it was not directed by a foreign government. Wallace said that his party would fight the ruling in court.
Buckingham Palace announced that Princess Elizabeth would be undertaking no public engagements after the end of June, indirectly confirming rumors that she was due to have a baby in the fall.
Born: Bob Champion, jump jockey, in Guisborough, England; David Haskell, actor, in Stockton, California (d. 2000) |
387_7 | June 5, 1948 (Saturday)
The United States Atomic Energy Commission announced plans to build the world's largest atom-smasher at Los Alamos, New Mexico at a cost of $2 million.
My Love won the Epsom Derby.
Died: Glen Edwards, 30, American test pilot (plane crash)
June 6, 1948 (Sunday)
Presidential elections were held in Ecuador, resulting in a narrow victory for Galo Plaza.
The Battle of Nitzanim began between Israeli and Egyptian forces over the kibbutz of Nitzanim.
Another pastoral letter from Primate József Mindszenty was read in Hungarian Catholic churches, telling parishioners to stop consuming government-controlled radio and newspapers.
Born: Richard Sinclair, bassist, singer and founding member of the rock band Caravan, in Canterbury, England
Died: Louis Lumière, 83, French film pioneer |
387_8 | June 7, 1948 (Monday)
Edvard Beneš resigned as President of Czechoslovakia. The public explanation given was his health and the "overall political situation," but a United Press report indicated that he disapproved of the Ninth-of-May Constitution and the conduct of the recent elections.
The first of two days of anti-Jewish rioting broke out in the towns of Oujda and Jerada in the French protectorate in Morocco.
June 8, 1948 (Tuesday)
Czech Prime Minister Klement Gottwald assumed the functions of the President and signed the Ninth-of-May Constitution into law.
The first vehicle to bear the Porsche name was registered: the Porsche 356 sports car.
NBC's Texaco Star Theater made the jump from radio to television. It would be one of the earliest hit TV shows and give host Milton Berle the nickname of "Mister Television".
Born: Jürgen von der Lippe, television presenter and comedian, in Bad Salzuflen, Germany |
387_9 | June 9, 1948 (Wednesday)
Israel and the Arab League agreed to observe the four-week ceasefire beginning Friday at 6 a.m. Greenwich Mean Time.
US President Harry S. Truman began a whirlwind two-day tour of the state of Washington that was described as "non-political" but nevertheless served as a tune-up for the upcoming presidential campaign. During his first speech in Spokane, Truman denounced the 80th United States Congress for having what he famously called a "do-nothing" record.
Born: Gudrun Schyman, politician, in Täby, Sweden; Gary Thorne, sports announcer, in Bangor, Maine |
387_10 | June 10, 1948 (Thursday)
The Battle of Nitzanim ended in Egyptian victory.
By a vote of 78–10, the US Senate passed a selective draft bill authorizing up to 250,000 men aged 19 to 25 to be called for up to two years of military service.
In Puerto Rico Law 53, better known as the Gag Law, was signed into law with the goal of suppressing the independence movement in Puerto Rico. The law would remain in force until 1957.
The radio anthology series Hallmark Playhouse premiered on CBS.
June 11, 1948 (Friday)
The Arab-Israeli truce went into effect.
The Danish passenger steamship Kjobenhavn struck a mine in the Kattegat and sank with the loss of 341 of the 402 people aboard.
A rhesus monkey named Albert I became the first primate astronaut when he was launched inside a V-2 rocket in White Sands, New Mexico with virtually no publicity. He died of suffocation during the flight.
Died: Hugh Dorsey, 76, American lawyer and 62nd Governor of Georgia |
387_11 | June 12, 1948 (Saturday)
President Truman made a foreign policy speech in Berkeley, California declaring that his country would not allow the world to be split into two spheres of influence dominated by the US and the Soviet Union.
1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania: Riots broke out between the Arab and Jewish communities of Tripoli, resulting in the deaths of 13-14 Jews and 4 Arabs and destruction of 280 Jewish homes.
The Women's Armed Services Integration Act was enacted in the United States, allowing women to permanently serve in the US military.
Citation won the Belmont Stakes to complete the Triple Crown of horse racing.
Born: Len Wein, comic book writer and editor, in New York City (d. 2017) |
387_12 | June 13, 1948 (Sunday)
In the first immigration case since the Arab-Israeli truce began, the liner Kedmah anchored in Tel Aviv from Marseille carrying 420 people. Under the truce terms, all men between the ages of 14 and 45 were to be interned in a refugee camp if they immigrated to Israel during the four-week truce period.
Born: Garnet Bailey, ice hockey player, in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canada (d. 2001)
Died: Osamu Dazai, 38, Japanese author (suicide by drowning); Jimmy Frise, 56, Canadian cartoonist |
387_13 | June 14, 1948 (Monday)
Klement Gottwald was unanimously elected President of Czechoslovakia by the National Assembly.
Russian authorities in Germany halted shipment of coal from the British occupation zone to Berlin and closed the Elbe River bridge on the main Berlin-Helmstedt highway, allegedly for "repairs."
Half of London's dockworkers began a wildcat strike in protest of eleven dockers being punished for refusing to handle a "dirty" cargo of zinc oxide unless they were paid more.
A prototype of TV Guide appeared on newsstands in New York, originally called TeleVision Guide. The first cover subject was Gloria Swanson, who at the time was starring in a short-lived television series, The Gloria Swanson Hour.
Born: Linda Clifford, singer and actress, in New York City; Steve Hunter, rock guitarist, in Decatur, Illinois; Laurence Yep, writer, in San Francisco, California
Died: Gertrude Atherton, 90, American author |
387_14 | June 15, 1948 (Tuesday)
Russia accepted a US proposal to arrange a conference on Danube River navigation.
The Western Tai'an Campaign ended in Communist victory.
The People's Daily newspaper group was established.
The Detroit Tigers hosted their first night game at Briggs Stadium, defeating the Philadelphia Athletics 4-1 before a crowd of 54,480. Wrigley Field in Chicago was now the only major league ballpark to not have lights installed, and would continue to hold out until 1988.
The horror comedy film Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein was released, marking the first of several films in which the comedy team of Abbott and Costello meet classic characters from the Universal Horror series of films.
Born: Paul Michiels, singer and songwriter, in Heist-op-den-Berg, Belgium |
387_15 | June 16, 1948 (Wednesday)
The twelve-year guerrilla war known as the Malayan Emergency began between British Commonwealth forces and the Malayan National Liberation Army. The first overt act of the war occurred when three European plantation managers were killed at Sungai Siput by members of the Malayan Communist Party.
Hungarian Parliament nationalized the country's religious schools over the bitter protests of the Catholic Church. |
387_16 | June 17, 1948 (Thursday)
United Airlines Flight 624: A Douglas DC-6 airliner crashed near Aristes, Pennsylvania, killing all 39 passengers and 4 crew aboard.
The Battle of Shangcai began during the Chinese Civil War.
US Congress overturned a presidential veto for the third time in four days. By a vote of 297–102, the House overrode Truman's veto of the Reed-Bulwinkle Bill exempting railway rate agreements from antitrust laws.
The US Senate shelved the controversial Mundt-Nixon bill after deciding there was not enough time left to consider it during that congressional session. The bill would be revived in 1950 as the Mundt–Ferguson Communist Registration Bill.
Born: Dave Concepción, baseball player, in Ocumare de la Costa, Venezuela |
387_17 | Died: Earl Carroll, 54, American theatrical producer, director, songwriter and composer (killed on United Airlines Flight 624); Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, 36, Malayalam poet (tuberculosis); Beryl Wallace, 39?, American dancer, singer and actress (killed on United Airlines Flight 624) |
387_18 | June 18, 1948 (Friday)
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights completed over two years of work on a draft for a Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The draft was approved by a vote of 12-0 and would now be sent to the Economic and Social Council.
UN mediator Folke Bernadotte arrived on Rhodes to begin negotiations with Jewish and Arab delegations for a permanent peace settlement in Palestine.
June 19, 1948 (Saturday)
After a 19-hour overnight filibuster in the US Senate, the House passed a stop-gap bill for the induction of 21 months of military service for men aged 19 through 25.
The Battle of Shangcai ended in Communist victory.
The biographical film Fighting Father Dunne starring Pat O'Brien was released.
Born: Nick Drake, singer-songwriter, in Rangoon, Burma (d. 1974); Lea Laven, pop singer, in Haukipudas, Finland; Phylicia Rashad, actress, in Houston, Texas |
387_19 | June 20, 1948 (Sunday)
US Congress completed a marathon 44 hour and 15 minute session passing a whirlwind of legislation, including a foreign aid bill appropriating over $6 billion for global relief. It was the second-longest Senate session in history, surpassed only by one in 1915 that lasted 54 hours 10 minutes.
The first of the series of Cairo bombings occurred, killing 22 Jews.
The new Deutsche Mark was introduced in Western Germany, replacing the Reichsmark.
The TV variety program The Ed Sullivan Show premiered on CBS under its original title, Toast of the Town. The program would run until 1971, airing 1,068 episodes.
The Naked and the Dead by Norman Mailer topped The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list for the first of eleven consecutive weeks.
Born: Ludwig Scotty, President of Nauru, in Anabar, Nauru
Died: Norah Lindsay, 75, Indian-born English socialite and garden designer |
387_20 | June 21, 1948 (Monday)
The Republican National Convention opened in Philadelphia. It was the first convention in US history to be televised.
The Manchester Baby, the world's first electronic stored-program computer, ran its first program.
Columbia Records held a press conference at the Waldorf Astoria New York to announce a new format of record - the LP, containing up to 22½ minutes of music per side.
The Gathering Storm, the first volume in Winston Churchill's historical book series The Second World War, was published in the United States.
The British troopship HMT Empire Windrush arrives at the Port of Tilbury, near London. The passengers on board include one of the first large groups of post-war West Indian immigrants to the United Kingdom,
Born: Lionel Rose, boxer, in Drouin, Victoria, Australia (d. 2011); Philippe Sarde, film composer, in Hauts-de-Seine, France; Andrzej Sapkowski, fantasy author, in Łódź, Poland |
387_21 | June 22, 1948 (Tuesday)
Thomas E. Dewey entered a commanding position at the Republican National Convention when Pennsylvania Senator Edward Martin withdrew from consideration and threw his support to Dewey.
The British drama film Oliver Twist based on the Charles Dickens novel of the same name and starring Alec Guinness, Robert Newton and John Howard Davies premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London.
Born: Shōhaku Okumura, Sōtō Zen priest, in Osaka, Japan; Todd Rundgren, musician, songwriter and producer, in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania; Franciszek Smuda, footballer and coach, in Lubomia, Poland |
387_22 | June 23, 1948 (Wednesday)
The Republican National Convention unanimously adopted a party platform. Pledges included a reduction of public debt, promotion of small business, "eventual statehood for Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico," a foreign policy "which welcomes co-operation but spurns appeasement," and "a vigorous enforcement of existing laws against Communists."
The British government called in soldiers to begin unloading food supplies tied up in the 10-day dockworker's strike.
Born: Larry Coker, footballer and coach, in Okemah, Oklahoma; Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in Pin Point, Georgia |
387_23 | June 24, 1948 (Thursday)
The Berlin Blockade began. Russian authorities cut off electricity to Berlin's western zones and halted rail transport between western Germany and the city as well, claiming "technical difficulties." Britain retaliated by banning the shipment of Ruhr coal and steel to the Soviet occupation zone.
Thomas E. Dewey was unanimously chosen Republican nominee for president on the third ballot at the National Convention. "I thank you with all my heart for your friendship and confidence," Dewey said in his acceptance speech. "I am profoundly sensible of the responsibility that goes with it. I accept your nomination. In all humility, I pray God that I may deserve this opportunity to serve our country."
The Military Selective Service Act became effective in the United States.
Born: Patrick Moraz, keyboardist and composer, in Morges, Switzerland |
387_24 | June 25, 1948 (Friday)
The Republican National Convention ended after Governor Earl Warren of California was named the party's vice presidential candidate.
Folke Bernadotte reported to the UN Security Council that Egypt had acted contrary to the "letter and spirit" of the ceasefire by halting an unarmed Israeli food convoy.
In China, the Hebei–Rehe–Chahar Campaign ended in Communist victory.
Joe Louis retained the world heavyweight boxing title with an 11th-round knockout of Jersey Joe Walcott before a crowd of 42,667 at Yankee Stadium.
Golda Meir was named Israel's representative to the Soviet Union.
Died: William C. Lee, 53, American general and commander of the 101st Airborne Division during World War II |
387_25 | June 26, 1948 (Saturday)
The Berlin Airlift began with 32 flights by US C-47s in West Germany to the Tempelhof Airport in Berlin. 80 tons of provisions were delivered on the first day.
Civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph called for a civil disobedience campaign to resist the new draft law until President Truman issued an executive order against segregation in the military.
This week's issue of The New Yorker included the short story "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson.
Stanley Skridla, 28, was found dead in Oregon, Illinois. His murder is still unsolved.
June 27, 1948 (Sunday)
The Czech Social Democratic Party was absorbed into the Communist Party.
Died: Lilian Velez, 24, Filipino actress and singer (murdered) |
387_26 | June 28, 1948 (Monday)
The Fukui earthquake killed over 3,700 people in Fukui Prefecture, Japan.
King George VI proclaimed a state of emergency throughout the United Kingdom as the London dock strike threatened to spread to other ports. Prime Minister Clement Attlee gave a radio address telling the strikers, "This is not a strike against capitalists or employers. It is a strike against your mates; a strike against the housewife; a strike against the common people who have difficulties enough."
Folke Bernadotte submitted proposals to both sides in the Arab-Israeli conflict that he hoped would "lay a basis for a solution of the Palestine question."
Tito–Stalin Split: A Cominform Resolution accused the Communist Party of Yugoslavia of departing from communism by "undertaking an entirely wrong policy on the principal question of foreign and internal politics." Following the resolution, the Party was expelled from Cominform and the Informbiro period began in Yugoslavia. |
387_27 | Columbia Records released the very first LP, a recording of the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto by Nathan Milstein and the New York Philharmonic.
Ronald Reagan got a divorce from his first wife, Jane Wyman.
Lotte Group, a confectionery and global conglomerate in South Korea and Japan was founded.
Born: Kathy Bates, actress, in Memphis, Tennessee; Deborah Moggach, novelist and screenwriter, in England |
387_28 | June 29, 1948 (Tuesday)
The Central Committee of Yugoslavia's Communist Party defied the Cominform by issuing a point-by-point refutation of the Cominform's charges and making it clear that Yugoslavia would not be dictated to by the Soviet Union and other Cominform powers and would only discuss the dispute in a "basis of equality."
London dock workers voted to end their 16-day strike and go back to work rather than face the government's threat to invoke its broad emergency powers.
The body of Mary Jane Reed, 17, was found in Oregon, Illinois. Her murder is still unsolved.
Born: Leo Burke, professional wrestler, born Leonce Cormier in Dorchester, New Brunswick, Canada; Fred Grandy, actor and politician, in Sioux City, Iowa; Ian Paice, rock drummer (Deep Purple), in Nottingham, England. |
387_29 | June 30, 1948 (Wednesday)
A federal court in Boston sentenced Robert Henry Best to life in prison for broadcasting Nazi propaganda during the war.
A Bulgarian Junkers Ju 52 flying from Varna to Sofia with 17 passengers aboard was hijacked by seven anti-Communists who killed the pilot and radio operator, then flew the plane to Istanbul where they sought political asylum.
The last British soldiers left Palestine through the port of Haifa.
Bob Lemon of the Cleveland Indians pitched a 2-0 no-hitter against the Detroit Tigers at Briggs Stadium.
The musical film Easter Parade starring Judy Garland and Fred Astaire had its world premiere in New York.
The film Oliver Twist starring Alec Guinness and based on the Charles Dickens novel of the same name premiered in London.
Born: Raymond Leo Burke, Roman Catholic cardinal prelate, in Richland Center, Wisconsin; Vladimir Yakunin, businessman, in Melenki, Vladimir Oblast, USSR |
387_30 | Died: Omobono Tenni, 42, Italian motorcycle road racer (killed in an accident during practice) |
387_31 | References
1948
1948-06
1948-06 |
388_0 | Charles Auguste Louis Joseph de Morny, 1er Duc de Morny () (15–16 September 1811, Switzerland10 March 1865, Paris) was a French statesman.
Biography
Morny was born in Switzerland, and was the extra-marital son of Hortense de Beauharnais (the wife of Louis Bonaparte and queen of Holland) and Charles Joseph, Comte de Flahaut, making him half-brother of Emperor Napoleon III and grandson of Talleyrand. His birth was duly registered in a misleading certificate, which made him the legitimate son of Auguste Jean Hyacinthe Demorny, and born in Paris on 23 October 1811, and described as a landowner of St. Domingo. M. Demorny was in fact an officer in the Prussian army and a native of St. Domingo, though he owned no land there or elsewhere. |
388_1 | Morny was educated by his grandmother, Adelaïde Filleul. After a brilliant school and college career the future duc de Morny received a commission in the army, and the next year he entered the staff college. The comte de Morny, as he was called by a polite fiction, served in Algeria in 1834–1835 (during the French conquest of Algeria) as aide-de-camp to General Camille Alphonse Trezel, whose life he saved under the walls of Constantine.
When Morny returned to Paris in 1838, he secured a solid position in the business world by establishing a major beet-sugar industry at Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne and by writing a pamphlet Sur la question des sucres in 1838. In these and other lucrative speculations he was helped by his mistress Françoise Mosselman, the beautiful and wealthy wife of the Belgian ambassador, Charles Aimé Joseph Le Hon, Comte Le Hon. Eventually there were few great commercial enterprises in Paris in which he did not have an interest. |
388_2 | Although Morny sat as deputy for Clermont-Ferrand from 1842 onwards, he took at first no important part in party politics, but he was heard with respect on industrial and financial questions. He supported the government of Louis Philippe, because revolution threatened his commercial interests, but before the Revolutions of 1848, by which he was temporarily ruined, he considered converting to the Bourbon legitimist cause represented by the Comte de Chambord. His attitude was expressed by the witticism with which he is said to have replied to a lady who asked what he would do if the Chamber were "swept out." "Range myself on the side of the broom handle," was his answer. Presently he was admitted to the intimate circle of his half-brother Louis Napoleon, and he helped to engineer the coup d'état of 2 December 1851 on the morrow of which he was appointed to head the ministry of the interior. |
388_3 | After six months in office, during which Morny showed his political opponents moderation and tact, he resigned his portfolio, ostensibly because he disapproved of the confiscation of the Bourbon-Orléans property but really because Napoleon, influenced by Morny's rivals, resented his claim to a foremost place in the government as a member of the Bonaparte family. He then resumed his financial speculations. When in 1854 the Emperor appointed him president of the Corps Législatif, a position which he filled for the rest of his life, he used his official rank to assist his schemes. |
388_4 | In 1856, Morny was sent as special envoy to the coronation of Alexander II of Russia and brought home a wife, Princess Sophie Troubetzkoi, who through her connections greatly strengthened his social position. Sophie was legally daughter of Prince Sergey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy, but may have been the illegitimate daughter of Nicholas I of Russia. In 1862, Morny was created a Duke. It is said that he aspired to the throne of Mexico, and that the French expedition sent to place Archduke Maximilian on the throne was prompted by Napoleon III's desire to thwart this ambition. |
388_5 | In spite of occasional disagreements, Morny's influence with the emperor remained great, and the liberal policies which he advocated enabled him to serve the imperial cause through his influence with the leaders of the opposition, the most conspicuous of whom, Émile Ollivier, was detached from his colleagues by Morny's efforts. But while he was laying the foundations of the "Liberal Empire" his health deteriorated and was further injured by quack medicines. The emperor and the empress visited him just before his death in Paris on 10 March 1865. |
388_6 | Morny's valuable collection of pictures, including Jean-Honoré Fragonard's The Swing, was sold after his death. In spite of his undoubted wit and social gifts, Morny failed to secure the distinction he desired as a dramatist, and none of his pieces, which appeared under the pseudonym of M. de St Rémy, including Sur la grande route, M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le . . ., and the Les finesses du mari, among others, met with success on the stage.
M. de Chenneviėres, the director of the Beaux-Arts, admired Morny's taste in pictures as well as the man himself. Charles de Morny was, he opined,"the most perfectly polite, the most elegant, the best bred man of his time". |
388_7 | Thoroughbred horse racing
Morny played an important role in the development of the thoroughbred horse racing and breeding industry in France. In 1860, he purchased the English Triple Crown champion West Australian and brought him to France for breeding purposes. In 1862 Morny built the Deauville-La Touques Race Course near Deauville. The Prix Morny is named in his honour.
Family |
388_8 | He had married at Saint Petersburg on 7 January 1857, Princess Sofia Sergeyevna Trubetskaya (Moscow, 25 March 18368 August 1898), the only daughter of Prince Sergey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy (181412 May (30 April Old Style), 1859) and his wife Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina (1 February 1816c. 1897). Their children included:
Marie Eugenie de Morny (1857–1883), who married a Spanish noble, José Ramón Gil Francisco de Borja Nicolás Osório y de Heredia, 9th Conde de La Corzana (1854–1919), in 1877 in Madrid, and had a son:
José Osorio y de Morny (Madrid, 1878Madrid, 1905). He married María de la Purificación Dorticos-Marín y León, Marquesa de Marín (1878–1928), in 1902 in Madrid. He had no children.
Auguste Charles Louis Valentin de Morny (1859–1920), who succeeded his father as the 2nd Duc de Morny. He married Carlota de Guzmán-Blanco y de Ybarra (Caracas, 1869Courbevoie, 1939) in 1886 in Paris and had three children: |
388_9 | Auguste de Morny, 3rd Duc de Morny (1889–1935), unmarried and without issue.
Antoine de Morny, 4th Duc de Morny (1896–1943), unmarried and without issue. |
388_10 | Anna Teresa de Morny (1890–1924), unmarried and without issue.
Serge de Morny (1861–1922), who died unmarried and without issue.
Sophie Mathilde (Missy) de Morny (1863–1944), who married Jacques Godart, 6th Marquis de Belbeuf (1850–1906) in 1881 in Madrid and divorced him in 1903; without issue.
Theatrical interests
De Morny was influential in the early career of Sarah Bernhardt. In her autobiography, My Double Life, Bernhardt recounts that at a family conference which de Morny attended as a family friend, the purpose of which was to determine what Bernhardt was to do with her future life, de Morny suggested that she be sent to the Conservatoire. The family took him up on the suggestion and her life turned to the theatre.
Notes
References |
388_11 | Attribution:
. Endnotes:
H. Castille, M. de Morny (1859), an Arthur de la Guéronniére, Etudes et portraits politique.; (1856).
See the literature dealing with Napoleon III., and the article on Flahaut de la Billarderie;
F. Loliée, Le Duc de Momy, adapted by B. O'Donnell. A volume, Extraits des mémoires de Alamy: Une Ambassade eh Russie 1856, was published in 1892.
The figure of the duc de Morny appears in the novel Duc de Mora of Le Nabab by Alphonse Daudet (1877, English: The Nabob, 1878) — Daudet had been one of Morny's secretaries.
Further reading
, pp. 40–64
External links
Coat of arms (in French)
1811 births
1865 deaths
Sportspeople from Paris
Dukes of Morny
French racehorse owners and breeders
French art collectors
French interior ministers
19th-century French politicians
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery |
389_0 | The Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (), commonly known by the acronym UIPM, has been the international governing body of modern pentathlon since its foundation in London in 1948. Its headquarters are in Monte-Carlo, Monaco and it has 115 national federation members. Modern pentathlon was introduced at the 5th Olympiad in Stockholm (SWE) in 1912, comprising the contemporary sports of pistol shooting, fencing, swimming, horse riding and running, which embraced the spirit of its ancient counterpart. |
389_1 | UIPM also governs the multi-disciplinary sports Laser Run, Tetrathlon, Biathle, Triathle and World Schools Biathlon, which have been created as development sports aimed at growing global participation rates in UIPM sports and offering more athletes an entry point to modern pentathlon. UIPM is a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the Global Organisation of International Sport Federations (GAISF) and the Federation of International University Sport (FISU), and since joining the International Paralympic Committee it has operated a para-sports programme.
History |
389_2 | The Greek Olympic Games Pentathlon
The Pentathlon (consisting of running the length of the stadium, jumping, throwing the spear, throwing the discus and wrestling) was introduced for the first time at the 18th Olympiad in 708 BC and held a position of unique importance in the Games. It was considered to be the climax, with the winner ranked as "Victor Ludorum". Admiration for the Ancient Pentathlon was fully shared by the founder of the Modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin and from 1909 he tried to have the event re-introduced into the Olympic programme. Pentathlon's moment came two years later at the 14th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Budapest (HUN) when, as the Baron stated: "the Holy Ghost of sport illuminated my colleagues and they accepted a competition to which I attach great importance". |
389_3 | The Modern Pentathlon |
389_4 | Modern Pentathlon was introduced at the 5th Olympiad in Stockholm (SWE) 1912, comprising the contemporary sports of pistol shooting, fencing, swimming, horse riding and running, which embraced the spirit of its ancient counterpart. It was De Coubertin's belief that it would be this event, above all others, that "tested a man's moral qualities as much as his physical resources and skills, producing thereby the ideal, complete athlete." This new sport was enthusiastically adopted with its inherent demands of courage, co-ordination, physical fitness, self-discipline and flexibility in ever changing circumstances. A young American Lieutenant, later to be the famous World War II General, George S. Patton, was to finish fifth in the first Olympic Modern Pentathlon competition. The mixture of physical and mental skills demanded in the Pentathlon has also meant that athletes have been able to compete in as many as three or four Olympic Games. This is because while running and swimming times |
389_5 | can be expected to decline with age, experience and skill in the technical disciplines often increase. |
389_6 | Administration of Modern Pentathlon
Modern Pentathlon was administered directly by the IOC until 1948, when the International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM) was founded by a group who elected Tor Wibom as the first UIPM President. Gustaf Dyrssen (1920 Olympic champion) from Sweden took over in 1949 with Sven Thofelt serving as Secretary General. Thofelt succeeded Dyrssen in 1960 and served as President for 28 years (IOC Member 1970–1976).
In 1960, Biathlon (cross country skiing and rifle shooting) was introduced to the Olympic programme. Biathlon had joined the Union in 1953, and the organization thereafter became the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon (UIPMB). In 1993, an agreement was made to retain as an umbrella body under which the UIPM and the International Biathlon Union (IBU) could act autonomously. The UIPMB however, continued to be the only international multi-sport organisation recognised by the IOC. |
389_7 | Until 1998, the President of Modern Pentathlon acted as President of the Union during the two years prior to the Summer Olympic Games, and the President of the Biathlon acted as such for two years prior to each of the Winter Games. Having matured into an organisation capable of continuing on its own, the IBU decided on 26 June 1998, to exist autonomously. The separation from the UIPMB took effect on 20 August 1998, creating two distinct International Federations – the UIPM and IBU, both of which are recognised by the IOC and GAISF. |
389_8 | Sports development
Biathle
Designed as a 'Sport for All', Biathle has been practised for over 50 years. Through Biathle the UIPM has established a competition composed of the two fundamental components of Modern Pentathlon and most practised sports in the world – run and swim. |
389_9 | The Biathle has universal appeal. It is inexpensive to organise, simple to understand, can be viewed from a single location, and organised practically anywhere in the world at any time of the year. The Biathle competition begins with a pack start of runners who complete one-half of the total running distance before entering a 50-meter transition area. Athletes then dive into the water and swim the required distance before exiting the water, putting on their shoes and running the second leg. The first person to cross the finish line wins. The race distances vary with the age groups concerned. The first Biathle World Championships took place in Monaco in 1999 and the Biathle World Tour started in 2002 to include up to six competitions in various locations throughout the year. Medals are awarded to the top three athletes in each age group in both the World Championships and the World Tour. |
389_10 | World Schools Biathlon
In 2005 UIPM launched a new competition linked to the success of Biathle. The event consists of swimming and running. The swimming discipline is conducted in a 25m or 50m pool and the running discipline is conducted preferably on a standardised track (although it can also be carried out on a flat surface if extra care is taken so that the distances are correct). Swimming is conducted first and running is by mass start. The final result is the sum of the swimming and running points. The originality of the World Schools Biathlon is that schools take part in this international competition by entering their results in a global database using the UIPM website (www.pentathlon.org) directly from their location. Therefore, this competition does not require any funding for transportation or lodging. All can be made 'at home' by the registered physical education teacher or coach. |
389_11 | Triathle
Triathle was officially approved by UIPM in November 2012 as a development sport and, in combination with Biathle, it is an integral part of UIPM sports development. Through Triathle, the UIPM has established a platform to encourage new generations to practise modern pentathlon starting from the basic disciplines of running and swimming and progressing into laser shooting.
Triathle is also very easy to organise and the beach triathle, as performed at the inaugural 2013 World Triathle Championships in Cyprus, has showcased how athletes of all ages can perform in a competition that is delivered with low-cost equipment at no extra cost for the participants. |
389_12 | Triathle normally begins with a pack start of runners for the first 25m, followed by the first series of five shots with the laser pistol. After the next running leg the athletes approach the transition area and swim before finishing with a final running leg. As usual, the first person crossing the finish line will be declared the winner. The race distances vary with the age groups concerned.
Triathle has featured on the Modern Triathle World Tour, the Asian Youth and Asian Beach Games.
The five events |
389_13 | Fencing |
389_14 | Fencing is a series of one-touch bouts with épée swords. The fencing event of modern pentathlon is a round-robin tournament, with a single touch deciding each match. The fencing event is held usually in an indoor arena on special strips (pistes) measuring 14m long and between 1.5m and 2m wide. Each competitor has a bout against every other competitor. Bouts last for one minute, the winner being the first fencer to score a hit. If neither scores a hit, both competitors register a defeat, a double hit, doesn't count. Point penalties are awarded for a variety of infringements including hitting the épée on anything other than the opponent to register to a hit, crossing the boundary line with both feet or to avoid a hit, dangerous play and when a fencer turns their back on the opponent. Seventy percent of bouts won correspond to 1000 pentathlon points. Each win is called a victory and each loss a defeat. Each victory over or under the 70% mark is worth a specific point value and this |
389_15 | number is in accordance with the number of competitors: |
389_16 | 22–23 bouts gives +/- 40 points
24–26 bouts gives +/- 36 points
27–29 bouts gives +/- 32 points
30–33 bouts gives +/- 28 points
34–39 bouts gives +/- 24 points
Example: 36 competitions (the number of athletes in a final) means 35 bouts, 70% of 35 bouts = 25 victories = 1000 points, 23 victories are therefore worth 952 Pentathlon points. |
389_17 | Swimming
Pentathletes usually have a swimming background, which is considered to be the only pentathlon discipline that cannot be taught at a higher level at an older age. For this reason, good swimming standards are considered to be a "precondition" for participation in Modern Pentathlon. The swimming event is a freestyle race over 200m for men and women with athletes seeded in heats according to their personal best time. A time of 2:30 earns 1000 Pentathlon points. Every 0.33 seconds is worth +/- 4 points and thus the value of each swimming second is worth 12 points. Example: the time 2:32.66 minutes corresponds to 968 points. Forty point penalties are incurred for a false start, failing to touch the wall at the end of a lap or leaving the pool in an incorrect manner as stipulated in the rules.
Riding |
389_18 | The riding event (equestrian show jumping) included in the Modern Pentathlon competition involves jumping over obstacles of up to 120 cm in height. The obstacle course is between 350-450m in length and includes 12 obstacles with one double and one triple, for 15 jumps. Athletes compete on horses provided by the organisers, which are selected from a random draw. For warm-up and preparation purposes, athletes are allowed to ride their allocated horse for 20 minutes and to have up to 5 trial jumps in the warm-up arena provided. Pentathletes are given 20 minutes to inspect the course at any time during the competition programme according to the organiser's schedule. The athlete has a specific time limit in which to complete the course, and the time limit is set according to its length. A clear round in time allowed (varies between 1 minute and 1.17 minutes) gives the rider 1200 pentathlon points. For each mistake the rider loses points. Examples of penalties given are 20 points for |
389_19 | knock-down and 40 points for every refusal or disobedience: but any disobedience leading to the knocking down of an obstacle gives 60 points deduction. After 2 refusals to jump, the rider must try to jump the next obstacle. A fall of the rider from the horse or if they both fall is a 60-point penalty. After 2 falls the riding will be terminated. In case of riding terminations for every obstacle not jumped, the rider loses 100 points. The most common cases of riding terminations are: Wrong course, second fall, exceeding the time limit that is double of the time allowed and retiring from the competition. |
389_20 | Each second over the time limit means a deduction of 4 points. The maximum time is the double of the standard time. If the rider is slower than the time allowed, the riding is terminated Riders must jump the obstacles in order. Riders must wear protective head-gear and a riding jacket and can use a whip and spurs: Horses hoods and blinkers are prohibited. |
389_21 | Laser Run
In 2008, the UIPM Congress passed a motion to change the competition format of the modern pentathlon to combine the shoot and run disciplines. This is now known as the "Laser Run" and is the final event of the day's competition. In the individual competition for men and women at Senior, Junior and Youth A levels, athletes start with a handicap start, approximately 25 m run, to a shooting range where they are required to hit five targets (time limit 50 seconds) before beginning an 800-metre run. This is repeated three further times for a total of 20 targets and 3200 m run. Two thousand (2000) pentathlon points are awarded for a time of 12.30 minutes. Each second faster or slower than the prescribed time is worth ±4 points. |
389_22 | The laser-run is also included in relay competitions in teams of 2 or 3 pentathletes. However, the format differs slightly in that only two series of the course are repeated (five targets down (time limit 50" for youth); 800 m run; five targets down (time limit 50" for youth); 800 m run) for each of the pentathletes. For team of three athletes, 2000 points are awarded for a time 25.00 minutes. Each second faster or slower than the prescribed time is worth +/-4 points. For team of two athletes, 2000 points are awarded for a time 17.00 minutes. Each second faster or slower than the prescribed time is worth +/-4 points. |
389_23 | Within the laser-run the shooting takes place with a completely safe and environmentally friendly laser pistol, fired at a target from a distance of 10 metres. The shooting competition is in four series; each series consists of hitting five targets with an unlimited number of shots in a maximum time of 50 seconds on a target of dimension 59.5 mm. If after 50" one or more targets have not been hit (or the athlete did not hit 5 times the valid zone), the pentathlete can start on the running leg without being penalised. Only after having hit five targets using an unlimited number of shots in the time limit of 50" can the pentathlete start from the shooting station to perform the first running leg of 800 m. After the first leg, the pentathletes return to their shooting stations, where they must reset their target, (only the pentathlete is authorised to reset their target) and then start the second shooting series that consists of hitting five targets using an unlimited number of shots but |
389_24 | in the time limit of 50". The pentathlete repeats the same procedure for the second shooting series and second running leg of 800 m. After the fourth shooting series the pentathletes perform the fourth and final running leg of 800m to the finish line. |
389_25 | The laser-run uses electronic targets which consist of one black single aim and five green/red lamps indicators.
National Federations
List of presidents
Gustaf Dyrssen (1948–1960)
Sven Thofelt (1960–1988)
Igor Novikov (1988–1992)
Klaus Schormann (1992–present)
Modern Pentathlon competitions
Olympic Games |
389_26 | From 1912 to 1980 the Olympic Modern Pentathlon competition was held over five days with one event per day. Between 1984 and 1992, the competition was held over four days with either running and shooting or swimming and shooting on the same day. For the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, the competition was a one-day event in which 32 men who qualified via pre-Olympic competitions participated. In 1998, the UIPM received approval for women to compete in the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games and so 24 men and 24 women competed in individual competition and for the first time in history, the Pentathlon venues were 96% sold out. UIPM subsequently received an increase in the quota and in Athens 2004, 32 men and 32 women competed and both competitions were 100% sold-out. Following this success, UIPM received in February 2006 a further increase in quota from the IOC Executive Board – in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, 36 men & 36 Women took part in the Olympic Modern Pentathlon event. The same quota has |
389_27 | also been confirmed for the 2012 London Olympic Games.In the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games there was controversy when a number of horses refused to comply during the horse jumping stage in the event. |
389_28 | World championships |
389_29 | Senior, Junior and Under 19 World Championships (formerly known as Youth A) take place annually, with male and female athletes competing in individual, team and relay events. From 2018 the Senior World Championships will be renamed as the UIPM Pentathlon World Championships. The Junior category is for pentathletes aged 23 and under, while the Under 19 World Championships is the only one that adopts the Tetrathlon format, where riding is omitted. Athletes compete in qualification groups for the right to take part in the final, which can include up to 36 athletes. Individual medals and prize money are awarded as well as team medals which are decided by adding the top three individual team members' scores together. Relay events involve two athletes competing in turn throughout the various disciplines. A mixed relay has been included since 2009 in all World Championships and World Cups, and the Youth Olympic Games mixed relay uniquely gives athletes from different countries the |
389_30 | opportunity to compete for medals in unison. |
389_31 | World Modern Pentathlon Championships
World Junior Modern Pentathlon Championships
World Youth Modern Pentathlon Championships
World U24 Modern Pentathlon Championships
World Masters Modern Pentathlon Championships
World Para Modern Pentathlon Championships
Biathle and Triathle World Championships
Biathle and Triathle World Tours
World Laser Run Championships
Pentathlon World Cup
A World Cup series for both men and women has been organised since 1990. Each year, between 4 and 6 World Cup competitions and a World Cup Final are organised, and the whole package is called the World Cup, renamed in 2018 as the UIPM Pentathlon World Cup. The best 36 athletes qualify for the World Cup Final via a league table constructed from their three best results at World Cup competitions. Prize money is also available. |
389_32 | Continental championships
Continental championships are organised by the Confederations of UIPM: Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, South America and NORCECA (North America, Central America and Caribbean).
European Modern Pentathlon Championships from 1987.
African Modern Pentathlon Championships from 2001.
Asian & Oceanian Modern Pentathlon Championships from 1986.
Pan American Modern Pentathlon Championships from 1951.
Athletes
See :Category:Modern pentathletes by nationality
Olympic Pentathletes
See :Category:Olympic modern pentathletes
See also
List of shooting sports organizations
References
External links
UIPMtv.org / Live Streaming of World Cup Events
Modern pentathlon
Shooting sports organizations
Sports organizations established in 1948 |
390_0 | Mikhail Mikhailovich Kasyanov (; born 8 December 1957) is a Russian politician who served as Prime Minister of Russia from 2000 to 2004. Previously he had served as First Deputy Prime Minister in 2000 and Minister of Finance from 1999 to 2000. During the 1990s he worked in President Boris Yeltsin's administration in different positions before joining President Vladimir Putin's first administration. Since leaving the government over disagreements on economic policy, he has become one of the leading critics of President Putin and an opposition leader. |
390_1 | In 2008, Kasyanov was a candidate in the election of President of Russia but in the middle of the campaign was denied participation on political grounds. In 2010, he co-founded the coalition For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" and became one of the leaders of the People's Freedom Party. He was an active speaker during the 2011–2013 Russian protests for fair elections. Since 2015, he has served as the leader of the political party People's Freedom Party (PARNAS). In 2005–2007, he was one of the leaders of the opposition coalition The Other Russia and democratic protest movement. |
390_2 | Early life |
390_3 | Kasyanov was born on 8 December 1957 in the settlement of Solntsevo near Moscow. His father was a teacher of mathematics and the headmaster of a local school. Joining the Red Army, his father participated in some major actions of the Second World War and fought until the victory in 1945. Kasyanov's mother was an economist, a head of a department of a governmental construction company (Glavmosstroy). In his childhood Mikhail studied at a music school and played the cello. In high school he played in a rock group. In 1974 Kasyanov entered the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction University. In 1976–1978, he served in the Soviet Army in the guard of honour at the Office of the Commandant of Moscow, which is today the Kremlin Regiment of the Federal Protective Service. From 19781981, he became a technician and then an engineer at the scientific institute of the State Committee for Construction of USSR. At the time he was still studying at the Moscow Automobile and Road Construction |
390_4 | University. He finished in 1981. For nine years after graduation Kasyanov worked at the State Planning Committee (GosPlan) as an engineer, economist, leading specialist and chief of sector. In 1987 he was awarded the diploma of the Highest Economy Courses at GosPlan. |
390_5 | Ministry of Economy and Ministry of Finance
In 1990–1993, Kasyanov was working in the State Committee of Economy of the Russian Federation and then in the Ministry of Economy. In 1993 the Minister of Finance Boris Fedorov invited Kasyanov to join the Ministry. He was appointed the head of Foreign Loans and External Debt Department. In 1995 Kasyanov became the deputy Minister of Finance. |
390_6 | In 1994–1996, Kasyanov was occupied with the restructuring of Soviet externals debts (about $150 bn). In 1996 Kasyanov reached an agreement with the Paris Club and the London Club of creditors for a comprehensive restructuring of Soviet debts for a period of 25 years with a 7-year grace period. Thanks to this agreement Russia was able to gain access to international capital markets. In 1996 Kasyanov gave the road show of Russia's economy development prospects at various International finance centers. As a result, Russia, for the first time since 1913 issued securities, eurobonds on the capital markets of Europe and the United States, and Russian banks and companies were able to take cheap foreign capital for investments into the economy of the country. |
390_7 | In 1998, the global financial crisis started and the Russian government defaulted on its debts, rouble was dramatically devaluated. Kasyanov was the head of the working team for restructuring Russian government external debts and of the private banks of the country. At the same time he negotiated with Russian creditors for restructuring domestic debts. Kasyanov negotiated with the International Monetary Fund which granted favourable perspectives for reaching profitable agreements for Russia. As a result of this, the rouble rate was stabilised, which in its own turn helped reduce the inflation and restored production and services parts of Russian economy. These successes proved Kasyanov to be a good negotiator: he was called "the principal financial diplomat of the country". In February 1999 he was appointed First Deputy Minister and in May 1999 President Yeltsin appointed Kasyanov Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation. |
390_8 | Minister of Finance
In June 1999, Minister Kasyanov became a member of the Security Council of Russia. Kasyanov was occupied with the problem of budget deficit and external debt. His time as Finance Minister saw Russia's first non-deficit budget.
In July Russia received the first post-crisis loan from the IMF.
The government of Sergei Stepashin worked for three months; however, Kasyanov retained his post in the new government of Vladimir Putin. He continued the negotiations with international creditors on a global restructuring of the USSR's debts. |
390_9 | The war in Chechnya provoked the suspension of the negotiations with the London club of creditors. Nevertheless, Kasyanov was able to resolve the principal problems of Russian debts in a span of several months. This fact facilitated the transition towards economic growth in Russia.
As a result of non-deficit budget and prudent financial policy in general the multi-month delays in salary payments and pensions were overcome.
On 10 January 2000 Kasyanov was appointed the first Vice Premier of the Russian government. The situation was such that effectively Kasyanov was in charge of the government, serving as its chairman, as Vladimir Putin was the Acting President at the time. He was still the head of the Ministry of Finance.
Prime Minister
On 17 May 2000, Russian State Duma approved Mikhail Kasyanov's Prime Minister candidacy. The Chairman of the Cabinet started pursuing the policy of active collaboration with business community and civil society. |
390_10 | During its four-year term Kasyanov's Cabinet launched a number of structural reforms – tax and budget reform, liberalization of capital control and external trade, customs reform, reorganization of national infrastructure, pension reform, creation of land market and others. Successful implementation of systemic transformation measures led Russia to a trajectory of sustainable economic growth. Inflation was reduced significantly, the economy and people's income grew by one third while oil prices were at the level of $20–25 per barrel.
Experts think that the tax reform of 2000-2002 was one of the most successful reforms of Kasyanov's Cabinet. A flat income tax rate (13%) was introduced. All turnover taxes were eliminated. VAT was reduced to 18% and social taxes — to 26%. These measures together with the policy of strong fiscal discipline significantly increased budget revenue. |
390_11 | In addition to this in 2003 Kasyanov's Cabinet reformed the taxation of petroleum sector and established a special Stabilization fund. As a result, the budget revenue stream from this sector has increased and the Stabilization Fund has started accumulating significant amounts of foreign exchange creating a financial airbag for the country.
It was a time of an overall financial liberalization.
An important achievement of Kasyanov's Cabinet was the successful implementation of the small business encouragement policy. Introduction of simplified taxation system, easy state registration of businesses and ban on frequent inspections by state agencies were among those measures. |
390_12 | It was during Mikhail Kasyanov's time as Russian Prime Minister that the transfer of agricultural lands to private property began. Additionally to that credit support mechanism for agricultural production was introduced and Russia very rapidly again became one of the leading exporters of grain after decades of huge annual import of wheat.
Kasyanov was dismissed, along with the entire Russian cabinet, by President Vladimir Putin on 24 February 2004 after more than three years in office, two weeks before the 2004 Russian presidential election on 14 March. There were disagreements between Kasyanov and Putin on matters of policy. The President stated on national television "This decision bears no relation to any assessment of the performance of the former composition of the government. It was dictated by my desire to once again delineate my position on the issue of what development course the country will take after March 14, 2004." |
390_13 | After leaving the government
On the first anniversary of his dismissal (24 February 2005) Kasyanov gave a press conference at which he said that he might run for president in the 2008 elections. His bid was supported by Leonid Nevzlin, Boris Berezovsky and Garry Kasparov.
In April 2006, Mikhail Kasyanov was elected Chairman of the People's Democratic Union (PDU), a newly launched NGO. PDU was one of the co-founders of the first "The Other Russia" conference in July 2006 and of "The Other Russia" coalition that was set up at the conference. Kasyanov and the PDU were actively involved in the coalition's work and took part in the Dissenters' Marches in Moscow and St. Petersburg – the first protest manifestations in many years. On 3 March 2007, Kasparov and Kasyanov spoke against Putin's government to thousands of supporters at the Saint Petersburg Dissenters' March. |
390_14 | At a presentation in International Institute for Strategic Studies 26 June 2006, Kasyanov criticized Putin's administration. He said:
"Separation of powers has been effectively demolished and replaced by the so-called ‘Vertical of Power' which is based on the false idea that all the meaningful social and political processes must be kept under control by the state. The government and parliament cannot function any longer without daily instructions. The judiciary is increasingly servile. Independent TV does not exist any more at the federal level and is being quickly uprooted in the regions. Moreover, the state-owned companies and the state itself increase their grip over the electronic and printed media. Responsibility of the regional level of power is totally destroyed by the abolishment of direct elections for the governors." |
390_15 | PDU had regional branches in 75 regions of Russia. In June 2007 Kasyanov was nominated by the PDU as a candidate for the presidential elections. In September 2007 the new political party People for Democracy and Justice (:ru:Народ за демократию и справедливость) was established on the basis of the PDU, and Kasyanov was elected its chairman.
2008 presidential candidacy
In 2006, Kasyanov declared that he desired to establish a new political party and run for president in 2008.
Kasyanov left the opposition group The Other Russia in July 2007 due to the group's failure to agree on a single presidential candidate.
Kasyanov established the Russian Popular Democratic Union party. However, the Federal Registration Service blocked the party from participating in the 2007 legislative election |
390_16 | It was not known whether Kasyanov would continue his candidacy after Garry Kasparov entered the race, but on December 8, 2007 he reaffirmed he would run in the election. That day Russian Popular Democratic Union Party nominated Kasyanov as their presidential candidate.
On 16 January 2008, he announced that he had finished collecting the 2 million signatures necessary to run as a candidate. Later that month, however, the Central Election Commission rejected his candidacy on the grounds that 13.36% of the signatures were invalid. and he was disqualified. Kasyanov appealed the decision to the Supreme Court, which rejected the appeal on February 6, 2008.
Kasyanov claimed that the decision to prevent his candidacy was taken by Putin himself, who he claimed was afraid that, in a fair election, Dmitry Medvedev might lose.
Kasyanov described the election as a farce and called for a boycott. |
390_17 | After 2008 campaign
The presentation of Kasyanov's book Without Putin in the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on 18 December 2009 was cancelled merely minutes before its planned opening. Kasyanov's press secretary claimed that the electricity went out in the Premier Palace Hotel on minutes before the presentation was to start and that some 20 young men had blocked the entrance to the hotel to keep attendees from entering. |
390_18 | Fraud accusations and court case
Allegations that Kasyanov took a two percent commission in exchange for ignoring bribes and illegal business ventures whilst he was working at the Ministry of Finance between 1993 and 1999 were made in the "state-controlled" Russian media which branded him as "Misha 2 percent" . In an article by Peter J. Stavrakis entitled "Russia's evolution as a predatory state" (part of a compilation entitled "Russia's uncertain economic future", written for the United States Congress Joint Economic Committee), the allegations are described as credible. A Spiegel article from 2007 notes that Kasyanov insists that his only earnings as a public servant was his government salary and he was only involved in private business venture for "one year" since leaving the post of prime minister. The same article also claims that Kasyanov purchased the state-owned dacha of former Communist Party of the Soviet Union ideologue Mikhail Suslov which was worth several million euros. |
390_19 | On 11 July 2005, the Russian Office of Public Prosecutor started to investigate the privatization of two houses formerly owned by the government. According to allegations first made by the journalist and State Duma member Aleksandr Hinshtein, two luxury government houses had been put up for sale in 2003 by a Kasyanov decree. According to the court verdict of 16 March 2007, he was to return a house and pay 108,135,000 rubles in damages to the government for using the property illegally (approx. USD 4,150,000 or €3,130,000). In 2007, Kasyanov was still planning to appeal.
Threats against Kasyanov
In February 2016, Kasyanov's image was posted online by Ramzan Kadyrov on his social media account, with Kasyanov being in cross hairs of a sniper rifle. This was seen as a threat against Kasyanov. On 10 February, Kasyanov was attacked in a Moscow restaurant by a dozen men who yelled death threats at him. |
390_20 | Timeline
1981–90: Engineer; leading economist; Senior Specialist; Head of Section, Department of Foreign Economic Relations of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR.
1990: appointed Head of Section, Sub-department of Foreign Economic Relations of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR.
1991: Deputy Head, Sub-department, then Head, Sub-department of Foreign Economic Relations of the Ministry of Economy of the Russian Federation.
1992–93: Head, Consolidation Department of the Ministry of Economy of the Russian Federation.
1993–95: Head, Department of Foreign Credits and External Debt of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and Member of the Board of the Ministry of Finance.
1995: appointed Deputy Minister of Finance.
1999: appointed First Deputy Minister of Finance.
May 1999: appointed Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation.
January 2000: appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.
May 2000: Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. |
390_21 | February 2004: Sacked by President Putin along with the entire cabinet.
March 2005: Mikhail Kasyanov launched his advisory firm MK Analytica. He started to vocally criticize Russian authorities for their anti-democratic drift and declared his intention to take part in the presidential elections in 2008 to change the general political course of the country.
April 2006: Chairman of the People's Democratic Union (PDU), a newly launched NGO.
June 2007: Nominated by the PDU as a candidate for the presidential elections.
July 2007: due to the group's failure to agree on a single presidential candidate Kasyanov leaves The Other Russia.
September 2007: Chairman of the new political party "People for Democracy and Justice" established on the basis of PDU.
December 2007: approved by a congress of supporters as a candidate for the presidential elections. |
390_22 | January 2008: The Central Election Commission of Russia barred his candidacy for the presidential elections, citing an excess of forgeries within his required two million signatures.
November 2014: Appeared before the House of Lords EU External Affairs Sub-Committee in London Houses of Parliament to be questioned regarding his opinion as to how the European Union should best respond to Russian military intervention in Ukraine. |
390_23 | See also
Mikhail Kasyanov's Cabinet
Zelyonka attack
References
External links
"The Empire of Freedom", Mikhail Kasyanov Kommersant, 29 August 2006.
|-
|-
"House of Lords EU External Affairs Sub-Committee*, 19 November 2014
1957 births
Living people
Heads of government of the Russian Federation
Russian dissidents
Finance ministers of Russia
People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" politicians
People's Freedom Party politicians
The Other Russia (coalition)
2011–2013 Russian protests
2003 Tuzla Island conflict
21st-century Russian politicians |
391_0 | Larry Steckline is a prominent Kansas broadcasting entrepreneur, and radio and television personality—particularly known for his Kansas agriculture news/feature/commentary programs. His company, Steckline Communications—formerly known as the Mid-Kansas Ag Network—provides various media services, including agricultural news syndicated to radio and television stations throughout Kansas. Steckline has also owned and operated 27 Kansas and Oklahoma radio stations. |
391_1 | Since 1964, Steckline has produced agricultural news, information and commentary programs aired on television and radio stations throughout Kansas and into adjoining Nebraska, Colorado, and Oklahoma, particularly on KTVH-TV (Wichita, Kansas/Hutchinson, Kansas, and later the Kansas State Network (KSN) -- the state's main provider of television broadcast to rural communities, as well as three of Kansas' five largest cities (Wichita, Topeka, and Salina). He returned to KWCH-TV (KTVH-TV's successor), and continued broadcasts of his Ag News Network. Most recently, his program has appeared on Wichita's KAKE-TV.
Early life
Larry E. Steckline was born on August 24, 1941, in Hays, Kansas, and raised in Ellis, Kansas until nine years old. His parents were Carl Steckline, who was raised at Hyacinth, Kansas, and Irene Schoendaller Steckline, of Liebenthal, Kansas. Both were of Volga-German ancestry. |
391_2 | The family then moved to a 200-acre leased farm near Ogallah, Kansas, which, though it had electricity, had no running water. Steckline attended high school in WaKeeney, Kansas, and graduated in 1959. Though Steckline's father wanted him to remain on the farm, his mother wanted him to go to college. Steckline attended Wichita Business College, in the state's distant largest city, Wichita, and studied to become a bookkeeper.
While attending school, Steckline was a bookkeeper for Wichita's livestock yards—a job that continued for 15 years, until Steckline was hired as public relations director for Wichita's entire livestock market industry—one of the nation's largest. |
391_3 | Broadcast career
Steckline's agri-business programs, eventually aired over his Mid-America Ag Network, would ultimately reach 40 affiliate radio stations, and be carried on Kansas's largest television stations — his programs reaching into four states. By invitation, he interviewed three U.S. Presidents on agriculture issues at the White House.
Over the course of his career, Steckline, or his companies, owned 27 radio stations, mostly in Kansas. To promote his stations, Steckline hosted country music concerts by Roy Clark, Tanya Tucker, Charlie Pride, Reba McEntire, T.G. Shepherd, Ronnie Milsap, The Oakridge Boys, the Bellamy Brothers, and others. |
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