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17329145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela%20Zimmerman | Angela Zimmerman | Angela Zimmerman (born Andrew, later Andi) is a professor of German history at George Washington University.
Early life and education
Zimmerman earned a PhD from the University of California, San Diego in 1998, an M.Phil in History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge in 1991, a B.A. (Magna Cum Laude) in History from University of California, Los Angeles in 1990.
Career
Zimmerman is the author of Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany, Alabama in Africa, and several peer-reviewed articles. She edited The Civil War in the United States, a collection of writings on the American Civil War by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and others.
Personal life
Zimmerman uses "She/Her/Hers" pronouns.
Publications
Anthropology and Antihumanism in Imperial Germany (University of Chicago Press, 2001)
Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German Empire, and the Globalization of the New South (University of Princeton Press, 2010)
“A German Alabama in Africa: The Tuskegee Expedition to German Togo and the Transnational Origins of African Cotton Growers,” American Historical Review 110 (December 2005)
“Looking Beyond History: The Optics of German Anthropology and the Critique of Humanism,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 32 (2001): 385-411.
“Selin, Pore, and Emil Stephan in the Bismarck Archipelago: A ‘Fresh and Joyful Tale’ of the Origin of Fieldwork,” Journal of the Pacific Arts Association 21/22 (2000): 69-84.1
“German Anthropology and the ‘Natural Peoples’: The Global Context of Colonial Discourse,” The European Studies Journal, Special Issue: German Colonialism: Another Sonderweg? 16(1999): 95-112.
“Anti-Semitism as Skill: Rudolf Virchow’s Schulstatistik and the Racial Composition of Germany,”Central European History 32 (1999): 409-429.“Geschichtslose und Schriftlose Völker in Spreeathen: Anthropologie als Kritik der Geschichtswissenschaft im Kaiserreich,” Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften 47 (1999): 197-210.
“Legislating Being: Words and Things in Bentham’s Panopticon,” The European Legacy 3 (1998): 72-83.
“The Ideology of the Machine and The Spirit of the Factory: Remarx on Babbage and Ure,” Cultural Critique 37 (Fall 1997): 5-29
References
Historians of Germany
21st-century American historians
University of California, San Diego alumni
George Washington University faculty
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Professors of German in the United States
Living people
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences faculty
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23572499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matcha | Matcha | is finely ground powder of specially grown and processed green tea leaves, traditionally consumed in East Asia. The green tea plants used for matcha are shade-grown for three to four weeks before harvest; the stems and veins are removed during processing. During shaded growth, the plant Camellia sinensis produces more theanine and caffeine. The powdered form of matcha is consumed differently from tea leaves or tea bags, as it is suspended in a liquid, typically water or milk.
The traditional Japanese tea ceremony centers on the preparation, serving and drinking of matcha as hot tea, and embodies a meditative spirituality. In modern times, matcha is also used to flavor and dye foods, such as mochi and soba noodles, green tea ice cream, matcha lattes and a variety of Japanese wagashi confectionery.
Matcha used in ceremonies is referred to as ceremonial-grade, meaning that the powder is of a high enough quality to be used in the tea ceremony. Lower-quality matcha is referred to as culinary-grade, but no standard industry definition or requirements exist for matcha.
Blends of matcha are given poetic names known as chamei ("tea names") either by the producing plantation, shop, or creator of the blend, or by the grand master of a particular tea tradition. When a blend is named by the grand master of a tea ceremony lineage, it becomes known as the master's konomi.
History
In China during the Tang dynasty (618–907), tea leaves were steamed and formed into tea bricks for storage and trade. The tea was prepared by roasting and pulverizing the tea, decocting the resulting tea powder in hot water, and then adding salt. During the Song dynasty (960–1279), the method of making powdered tea from steam-prepared dried tea leaves and preparing the beverage by whipping the tea powder and hot water together in a bowl became popular.
Preparation and consumption of powdered tea was formed into a ritual by Chan Buddhists. The earliest extant Chan monastic code, titled Chanyuan Qinggui (Rules of Purity for the Chan Monastery, 1103), describes in detail the etiquette for tea ceremonies.
Zen Buddhism and methods of preparing powdered tea were brought to Japan by Eisai in 1191. In Japan, it became an important item at Zen monasteries, and from the 14th through the 16th centuries, it was highly appreciated by members of the upper echelons of society.
Production
Matcha is made from shade-grown tea leaves that also are used to make gyokuro. The preparation of matcha starts several weeks before harvest and may last up to 20 days, when the tea bushes are covered to prevent direct sunlight. This slows down growth, stimulates an increase in chlorophyll levels, turns the leaves a darker shade of green, and causes the production of amino acids, in particular theanine. After harvesting, if the leaves are rolled up before drying as in the production of sencha (煎茶), the result will be gyokuro (jade dew) tea. If the leaves are laid out flat to dry, however, they will crumble somewhat and become known as tencha (). Then, tencha may be deveined, destemmed, and stone-ground to the fine, bright green, talc-like powder known as matcha.
Grinding the leaves is a slow process because the mill stones must not get too warm, lest the aroma of the leaves be altered. Up to one hour may be needed to grind 30 grams of matcha.
The flavour of matcha is dominated by its amino acids. The highest grades of matcha have a more intense sweetness and deeper flavour than the standard or coarser grades of tea harvested later in the year.
Tencha
Tencha refers to green tea leaves that have not yet been ground into fine powder as matcha, as the leaves are instead left to dry rather than be kneaded. Since the leaves' cell walls are still intact, brewing tencha tea results in a pale green brew, which has a more mellow taste compared to other green tea extracts, and only the highest grade of tencha leaves can brew to its fullest flavor. Tencha leaves are half the weight of other tea leaves such as sencha and gyokuro so most tencha brews require double the number of leaves. About an hour is needed to grind 40 to 70 g of tencha leaves into matcha, and matcha does not retain its freshness as long as tencha in powder form because powder begins to oxidize. Drinking and brewing tencha is traditionally prohibited by the Japanese tea ceremony.
Grades
Commercial considerations, especially outside Japan, have increasingly seen matcha marketed according to "grades", indicating quality.
Of the following terms "ceremonial grade" is not recognised in Japan but "food grade" or "culinary grade" are.
Ceremonial grade designates tea for its use in tea ceremonies and Buddhist temples. All must be able to be used in koicha (濃茶), a "thick tea" with a high proportion of powder to water used in traditional tea ceremony.
Premium grade is high-quality matcha green tea that contains young tea leaves from the top of the tea plant. Best for daily consumption, it is characterized by a fresh, subtle flavor, usually perfect for both new and everyday matcha drinkers alike.
Cooking/culinary grade is the cheapest of all. Suitable for cooking purposes, smoothies etc. It is slightly bitter due to factors such as its production from leaves lower down on the tea plant, terroir, the time of harvest, or the process of its manufacture.
In general, matcha is expensive compared to other forms of green tea, although its price depends on its quality. Higher grades are pricier due to the production methods and younger leaves used, and thus they have a more delicate flavour, and are more suited to be enjoyed as tea.
Like other forms of green tea, all grades of matcha have the potential health benefits and risks associated with the Camellia sinensis plant (the human clinical evidence is still limited), while the nutrient content varies depending on climate, season, horticultural practices, plant variety, manufacturing methods and the age of the leaf, i.e., the position of the leaf on the harvested shoot. Catechin concentration is highly dependent on leaf age (the leaf bud and the first leaf are richest in epigallocatechin gallate), but catechin levels also vary greatly between plant varieties and whether the plants are grown in shade.
Chemical compositions of various grades of matcha were studied, with the results showing that the contents of caffeine, free amino acids, theanine, and vitamin C decreased with the decreasing price of matcha.
Another study examined the chemical components of tencha (from which matcha is made), and showed that higher grade teas contained greater amounts of total amino acids, theanine, and other individual amino acids. On the other hand, the high grade teas contained lower amounts of total catechins than lower grade teas (epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin (EC) contents were greater in lower grade teas, while those of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) did not seem to correlate with tea grade), with the conclusion that the EGCG/EGC ratio reflected the quality of matcha more effectively than the EGC or total catechin contents. The relationship between the grade of tencha and caffeine contents seemed low. The chlorophyll contents were greater in the higher grade teas with a few exceptions, likely related to the strong shading used to cultivate high quality tencha.
The study also examined the chemical components of ceremonial grade matcha, industrial grade matcha (referring to powdered teas used in the food industry and cooking, and labelled matcha), and other powdered green tea samples (like sencha and gyokuro). The prices of industrial matcha were ＞600 Yen/100 g, and the prices of ceremonial matcha were ＞3,000 Yen/100 g. On the other hand, prices of powdered green tea were ＜600 Yen/100 g. The prices ranged from 8,100 Yen/100 g (ceremonial grade) to 170 Yen/100 g (powdered sencha). Samples of matcha for tea ceremonies were characterized by high contents of theanine (＞1.8 g/100 g), and high ratios of EGCG/EGC (＞3.2 g/100 g). On the other hand, for the industrial grade matcha samples and powdered green teas, the theanine contents and EGCG/EGC ratios were ＜1.7 g/100 g and ＜3.3 g/100 g, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll of matcha for tea ceremonies were ＞250 mg/100 g, and of most of the other samples were ＜260 mg/100 g. Although no difference was found between the theanine contents and EGCG/EGC ratios of industrial grade matcha and powdered green teas, the chlorophyll contents in industrial grade matcha tended to be higher than those of powdered green tea.
Location on the tea bush
Where leaves destined for tencha are picked on the tea bush is vital for different grades of matcha. The young developing leaves on the top of the plant, that are soft and supple, are used for higher grades of matcha, resulting in a finer texture and flavour. For the lower grades, older more developed leaves are used, giving them a sandy texture and slightly bitter flavour.
Treatment before processing
Traditionally, sencha leaves are dried outside in the shade and are never exposed to direct sunlight; however, now drying has mostly moved indoors. Quality matcha is vibrantly green as a result of this treatment.
Stone grinding
Without the correct equipment and technique, matcha can become "burnt" and suffer degraded quality. Typically, in Japan, it is stone-ground to a fine powder through the use of specially designed granite stone mills.
Oxidation
Oxidation is also a factor in determining grade. Matcha exposed to oxygen may easily become compromised. Oxidized matcha has a distinctive hay-like smell, and a dull brownish-green colour.
Traditional preparation
The two main ways of preparing matcha are and the less common .
Prior to use, the matcha is often forced through a sieve to break up clumps. Special sieves are available for this purpose, which are usually stainless steel and combine a fine wire-mesh sieve and a temporary storage container. A special wooden spatula is used to force the tea through the sieve, or a small, smooth stone may be placed on top of the sieve and the device shaken gently.
If the sieved matcha is to be served at a Japanese tea ceremony, then it will be placed into a small tea caddy known as a chaki. Otherwise, it can be scooped directly from the sieve into a chawan.
About 2–4 grams of matcha is placed into the bowl, traditionally using a bamboo scoop called a chashaku, and then about 60–80 ml of hot water are added.
While other fine Japanese teas such as gyokuro are prepared using water cooled as low as 40 °C, in Japan, matcha is commonly prepared with water just below the boiling point although temperatures as low as 70–85 °C or 158–185 °F are similarly recommended.
Usucha, or thin tea, is prepared with about 1.75 g (amounting to heaped chashaku scoop, or about half a teaspoon) of matcha and about of hot water per serving, which can be whisked to produce froth or not, according to the drinker's preference (or to the traditions of the particular school of tea). Usucha creates a lighter and slightly more bitter tea.
Koicha, or thick tea, requires significantly more matcha (usually about doubling the powder and halving the water): about 3.75 g (amounting to 3 heaped chashaku scoops, or about one teaspoon) of matcha and 40 ml (1.3 fl oz) of hot water per serving, or as many as 6 teaspoons to cups of water. Because the resulting mixture is significantly thicker (with a similar consistency to liquid honey), blending it requires a slower, stirring motion that does not produce foam. Koicha is normally made with more expensive matcha from older tea trees (exceeding 30 years), thus producing a milder and sweeter tea than usucha. It is served almost exclusively as part of Japanese tea ceremonies.
The mixture of water and tea powder is whisked to a uniform consistency using a bamboo whisk known as a chasen. No lumps should be left in the liquid, and no ground tea should remain on the sides of the bowl. Because matcha may be bitter, it is traditionally served with a small wagashi sweet (intended to be consumed before drinking), but without added milk or sugar. It is usually considered that 40 g of matcha provides for 20 bowls of usucha or 10 bowls of koicha:
Other uses
It is used in castella, manjū, and monaka; as a topping for shaved ice (kakigōri); mixed with milk and sugar as a drink; and mixed with salt and used to flavour tempura in a mixture known as matcha-jio. It is also used as flavouring in many Western-style chocolates, candy, and desserts, such as cakes and pastries, including Swiss rolls and cheesecake, cookies, pudding, mousse, and green tea ice cream. Matcha frozen yogurt is sold in shops and can be made at home using Greek yogurt. The Japanese snacks Pocky and Kit Kats have matcha-flavoured versions. It may also be mixed into other forms of tea. For example, it is added to genmaicha to form matcha-iri genmaicha (literally, roasted brown rice and green tea with added matcha).
The use of matcha in modern drinks has also spread to North American cafés, such as Starbucks, which introduced "green tea lattes" and other matcha-flavoured drinks after they became successful in their Japanese store locations. As in Japan, it has become integrated into lattes, iced drinks, milkshakes, and smoothies.
Basic matcha teaware
The equipment required for the making of matcha is:
Large enough to whisk the fine powder tea around
A bamboo whisk with fine bristles to whisk or whip the tea foam
A bamboo spoon to measure the powder tea into the tea bowl (not the same as a Western teaspoon)
A container for the matcha powder tea
A small cotton cloth for cleaning teaware during the tea ceremony
Health effects
As matcha is a concentrated form of green tea, it has been reputed by enthusiasts for centuries that matcha possesses stronger health benefits associated with green tea. Caffeine is more concentrated in matcha, but the main matcha constituent expected to have a stress-reducing effect is theanine. Theanine is the most abundant amino acid in green tea, and together with succinic acid, gallic acid and theogallin is what gives matcha its umami flavor. Compared to traditional green tea, the production of matcha requires the tea leaves to be protected from sunlight. Shading results in an increase in caffeine, total free amino acids, including theanine, but also reduces the accumulation of flavonoids (catechins) in leaves.
Theanine's stress-reducing effects were tested at Japan's University of Shizuoka, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, where studies show that laboratory mice that consumed more than 33 mg/kg of matcha had significantly suppressed adrenal hypertrophy, a symptom that shows sensitivity to stress. The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences also tested the stress-reducing effects on university students and confirmed that students who ingested 3 grams of matcha in 500 ml of room-temperature water had reduced anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory or STAI), than students who consumed placebo.
See also
Green tea
Food powder
Notes
References
External links
Chadō
Chinese tea
Food powders
Green tea
Japanese tea
Tang dynasty |
6900719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region.
History
Before the 1960s, the North-East Region was primarily made up of farmland and rainforest. At this time the majority of urbanisation in Singapore was concentrated in the southern part of the country, where the Central Region is now located. The first Master Plan was adopted in 1958. The Master Plan was a statutory plan which regulated land use and development over a 20-year period, to be reviewed every five years. One of the main aims of this plan was to establish New Towns away from the Central Region, laying the precedent for the North-East Region’s urban development. However, this plan was soon deemed inefficient and not flexible enough to accommodate the rapid demographic and economic development in Singapore. In 1971 the Concept Plan was introduced, a more long-term plan which rather than providing a detailed guide for urban planning, it simply provided a general direction for development over the next 40 to 50 years. These two combined planning processes (The Master Plan and the Concept Plan) continue to be revised every few years, led by the Urban Redevelopment Authority.
It was over the next few decades that towns within the North East Region were built up. The first new towns were Ang Mo Kio and Hougang. Ang Mo Kio New Town began development in 1973 and Hougang in 1979. Up until the 1990s, the North-East Region was included as part of the Rural Planning Area. This area consisted of most of the land outside of the Central Planning Area. However, under the 1991 Concept Plan, the country was officially organised into five regions, along with 55 subdivision. Thus, the North East Region was established. This system allowed for more area specific planning and detailed land use guides.
Geography
Situated at the northeastern corner of Singapore Island, the region comprises a total land area of , including the North-Eastern cluster of islands, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong and Pulau Tekong Kechil. It borders Singapore's East Region to the east, Central Region to the south and North Region to the west.
Government
The North-East Region is governed locally by four different Community Development Councils, namely the Central CDC, North East CDC, North West CDC and South East CDC.
Planning Areas
The North-East Region is divided into 7 different planning areas, with a total of 48 subzones.
Demographics
According to the Singapore Department of Statistics’ 2020 Population Trends report, the total population of the North-East Region is 930,910. Out of its 7 planning areas, Sengkang is the most populated, with 249,370 residents. Alternatively, the North-Eastern Islands is the least populated area with only 50 residents, as it is one of the few areas in Singapore that has not experienced dramatic urban development.
According to the 2015 General Household Survey, the most common ethnic background in the North-East Region is Chinese, accounting for the majority of the population. Additionally, English is the most common language spoken at home (35.4%), closely followed by Mandarin (33.9%). Other common languages spoken at home include other Chinese dialects (13.4%), Malay (7.8%) and Tamil (3.5%). The most popular religion followed is Buddhism (36.3%), while other prevalent religions in the region include Christianity (19.3%), Taoism (11.1%), Islam (9.1%) and Hinduism (4.6%). In addition, 19.1% of people practise no religion.
Economy
The region is home to the Seletar Aerospace Park, which houses several aviation manufacturing and research facilities owned by companies such as Rolls-Royce, Pratt & Whitney and Singapore Technologies Aerospace, allowing the aviation industry in Singapore to expand out of Changi, which is a major aviation and commercial zone located in the East region of the country. Several industrial zones are also located within the region such as Defu Industrial Estate in Hougang and Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park in Ang Mo Kio.
Tourism
Located within the North-Eastern Islands planning area, Pulau Ubin is a popular tourist attraction with both local and foreign visitors visiting the island as it is one of the last rural areas in Singapore, with an abundance of natural flora and fauna. It is particularly popular for outdoor activities such as mountain biking, as it is home to the Ketam Mountain Bike Park. Additionally, the Chek Jawa wetlands is also a popular attraction due to its array of wildlife and unique biodiversity. Ubin Town is the only settlement on the island and offers a number of restaurants, bicycle rental shops and other small shops catering to tourism.
Coney Island, also known as Pulau Serangoon, is also a popular attraction within the region. Located off the northeastern coast within the planning area of Punggol, Coney island is accessible via two bridges at the eastern and western ends of the island, linking it to the main island. Visitors to the island can participate in activities such as cycling, bird watching and nature walks. Coney island park is managed by the National Parks Board and home to a range of different habitats and a variety of fauna and flora.
Infrastructure
Education
Residents living within the area have access to different educational facilities ranging from preschools to primary and secondary schools as these are located around the different towns in the North-East region.
There are 28 secondary schools within the North-East Region, including:
Anderson Secondary School
Ang Mo Kio Secondary School
Bowen Secondary School
CHIJ St. Joseph's Convent
CHIJ St. Nicholas Girls' School
Compassvale Secondary School
Deyi Secondary School
Edgefield Secondary School
Greendale Secondary School
Holy Innocents' High School
Hougang Secondary School
Mayflower Secondary School
Montfort Secondary School
Nan Chiau High School
North Vista Secondary School
Paya Lebar Methodist Girls' School
Pei Hwa Secondary School
Peicai Secondary School
Presbyterian High School
Punggol Secondary School
Seng Kang Secondary School
Serangoon Garden Secondary School
Serangoon Secondary School
St. Gabriel's Secondary School
Xinmin Secondary School
Yio Chu Kang Secondary School
Yuying Secondary School
Zhonghua Secondary School
There are also 44 primary schools within the region, including:
Anchor Green Primary School
Anderson Primary School
Ang Mo Kio Primary School
CHIJ Our Lady of Good Counsel
CHIJ Our Lady of the Nativity
CHIJ St. Nicholas Girls' School
Compassvale Primary School
Edgefield Primary School
Fern Green Primary School
Fernvale Primary School
Greendale Primary School
Holy Innocents' Primary School
Horizon Primary School
Hougang Primary School
Jing Shan Primary School
Mayflower Primary School
Mee Toh School
Montfort Junior School
Nan Chiau Primary School
North Spring Primary School
North Vista Primary School
Northshore Primary School
Oasis Primary School
Palm View Primary School
Paya Lebar Methodist Girls' School
Punggol Cove Primary School
Punggol Green Primary School
Punggol Primary School
Punggol View Primary School
Rivervale Primary School
Rosyth School
Seng Kang Primary School
Sengkang Green Primary School
Springdale Primary School
St. Gabriel's Primary School
Teck Ghee Primary School
Townsville Primary School
Valour Primary School
Waterway Primary School
Xinghua Primary School
Xinmin Primary School
Yangzheng Primary School
Yio Chu Kang Primary School
Zhonghua Primary School
The area is also home to various tertiary institutions such as, Anderson Serangoon Junior College, ITE College Central, Nanyang Junior College, Nanyang Polytechnic and the Singapore Institute of Technology. There are also 3 international schools, namely, the Australian International School Singapore, the French School of Singapore and the Global Indian International School Singapore.
Healthcare
Sengkang General Hospital is the largest hospital in the region. The 1000-bed hospital was opened on the 18th of August 2018 and is managed by SingHealth. Other hospitals in the North-East region include Ang Mo Kio - Thye Hua Kwan Hospital, Bright Vision Hospital and Sengkang Community Hospital, which is attached to Sengkang General Hospital.
Parklands
There are a number of parks within the region, all of which are managed by the National Parks Board.
Parks within the North-East region include:
Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East
Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West
Chek Jawa
Coney Island
Japanese Cemetery Park
Ketam Mountain Bike Park
Pulau Ubin
Punggol Park
Punggol Point Park
Punggol Waterway Park
Sengkang Riverside Park
Sengkang Sculpture Park
Fire Department
The Singapore Civil Defence Force operates two fire stations in the region:
Ang Mo Kio Fire Station
Sengkang Fire Station
Ang Mo Kio Fire Station has been operational since 1984 and provides services to Ang Mo Kio and Serangoon.
Sengkang Fire Station has been operational since 2001 and provides services to Hougang, Punggol, Sengkang and Serangoon.
Along with the fire stations, there are also two fire posts in the region:
Punggol North Fire Post
Cheng San Fire Post
Transportation
The public transport system in Singapore was designed to connect the North-East Region to the city centre, with Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations in each town centre. There is also a number of bus stops and Light Rail Transit (LRT) stations which connect towns within the region. As of 2015, 59.5% of the working population aged fifteen and older use public transport regularly to get to work. The North East region also has one airport: Seletar Airport. The airport was formally a military airbase, but is now owned by the Singapore government and operated by Changi Airport Group. It is mostly used for flight training, private aircraft and chartered flights.
Rail
There are three MRT lines that operate in the North-East Region: North East line, North-South line and Circle Line. The North East line is the most prominent. It runs from HarbourFront station in the Central Region to Punggol station in the north, connecting six MRT stations within the North-East Region, namely Serangoon, Kovan, Hougang, Buangkok, Sengkang and Punggol stations. In 2024 the line is expected to be extended to include the Punggol Coast MRT station, which is under construction. Yio Chu Kang and Ang Mo Kio are the stations located on the North-South line in this region. Tai Seng, Bartley, Serangoon and Lorong Chuan stations are on the Circle line in this region.
In addition, the Cross Island MRT line, which is currently under planning, is expected to cross through the region. Plans for the project were first announced in 2013, and the Land Transport Authority expects that it will be completed by 2030. The line will connect to Ang Mo Kio station, Hougang station, Punggol station and Riviera station, along with future MRT stations including Serangoon North station, Defu station, Tavistock station and Teck Ghee station.
There are also 28 operational LRT stations in the region, connecting residential areas to the MRT lines. There are two main LRT lines in the region: the Punggol LRT line and the Sengkang LRT line.
Bus
The North-East Region has an established public bus network and a number of bus interchanges connecting towns within the region and to other parts of the country.
The following bus interchanges are located within the North-East Region:
Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange
Compassvale Bus Interchange
Hougang Central Bus Interchange
Punggol Temporary Bus Interchange
Sengkang Bus Interchange
Serangoon Bus Interchange
Yio Chu Kang Bus Interchange
Expressways
There are four expressways that pass through the North East Region: Central Expressway, Seletar Expressway, Tampines Expressway and Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway. Additionally, the North–South Corridor, an under-construction expressway, is planned to connect to Ang Mo Kio.
Housing
The North-East Region is predominantly a residential area. Like other regions outside the city centre, towns in the North-East Region are largely made up of high-density, high-rise public housing, provided by the Housing and Development Board (HDB). HDB estates make up 78.72% of households in the region. Each of these housing developments are designed for self-sufficiency, with schools, hospitals, parks, sports facilities, shopping malls and other amenities easily available to residents. The North-East Region experiences continual development of housing and other public facilities. New housing in Ang Mo Kio, Hougang and Serangoon is being developed, along with new transport options, parks and other amenities. In recent years, the HBD has also developed more of a focus on sustainability and incorporating ecological considerations into town planning. The town of Punggol was branded as the “first eco-town”, with more greenery incorporated into the area, along with the development of the Punggol Promenade and Waterway.
While the majority of housing in the region is still public, some have noted that there has also been an increase in private housing in the North East Region. Excluding the Central Region, the North East Region accounted for 40.3% of all private residential sales transactions in Singapore in 2019.
Landmarks
Historic sites
The National Heritage Board has designated a number of “historic sites” in Singapore, some of which are located in the North-East Region. These include:
Chee Tong Temple, located in Hougang and finally completed in 1987.
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a Roman Catholic church built in Hougang in 1853.
Masjid Haji Yusoff, the oldest mosque in Hougang, originally built in 1921.
Paya Lebar Methodist Church, a church located in Hougang. It was established in 1932 and completed in 1998.
Seletar Airfield, a British Royal Air Force base designed to protect the naval base in Sembawang during World War II.
St. Paul's Church, an Anglican church built in Hougang in 1936.
Tou Mu Kung, a Taoist temple completed in 1921. It is the oldest temple in Singapore dedicated to the worship of Jiu Huang Ye.
Woodbridge Museum, established in 1993, provides information and exhibitions surrounding the history of the old Woodbridge Hospital, which has now become the Institute of Mental Health. The hospital dates back to 1841, where it was the first medical facility in Singapore for treating the mentally ill. It was also used during World War II to provide treatment to soldiers and civilians.
Zi Yun Kai Ji Gong, a complex of three temples completed in 1996. The three temples are Keat Sun Beo, Kai Hock Tong and Chao Ying Kong.
References
External links
North-East Region, Singapore
Planning areas in Singapore
Regions of Singapore |
17329164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne%20Mill | Bourne Mill | The Bourne Mill is an historic textile mill on the border between Tiverton, Rhode Island and Fall River, Massachusetts.
The various buildings in the cotton mill complex were completed from 1881 to 1951 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. The Bourne corporation had a unique profit sharing arrangement based upon Jonathan Bourne's experience in the whaling industry. The company treasurer, George A. Chace, designed the original mill building.
Although only a very small part of the property is located in Fall River, Massachusetts the complex is generally grouped and referenced with the mills of that city.
After lying dormant for decades, the Bourne Mill was converted into 166 apartments, which were completed in early 2009. In September 2009, an arsonist set fire to the former detached picker house near the main mill, which had also been scheduled to be redeveloped.
See also
List of mills in Fall River, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Bourne Mill Apartments Website
News Article | ON DISPLAY: Artist's mural evokes spirit of renovated Bourne Mill
News Article | Longtime Worker Revisits
News Article | Bourne Again
RI Government, Preserve RI informational
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Textile mills in Fall River, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Tiverton, Rhode Island
Cotton mills in the United States
Industrial buildings completed in 1881
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island
1881 establishments in Rhode Island |
23572500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Roy | Bernard Roy | Bernard Roy (; 15 March 1934 – 28 October 2017) was an emeritus professor at the Université Paris-Dauphine. In 1974 he founded the "Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Modélisation des Systèmes pour l'Aide à la Décision" (Lamsade). He was President of Association of European Operational Research Societies from 1985 to 1986. In 1992 he was awarded the EURO Gold Medal, the highest distinction within Operations Research in Europe. In 2015 he received the EURO Distinguished Service Award.
He worked on graph theory and on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), having created the ELECTRE family of methods. The name ELECTRE stands for "ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité".
References
External links
Biography of Bernard Roy from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
1934 births
2017 deaths
University of Paris faculty
French mathematicians |
6900728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roughskin%20spurdog | Roughskin spurdog | The roughskin spurdog (Cirrhigaleus asper) is a dogfish of the family Squalidae, found circumglobally between latitudes 35°N and 35°S, at depths of between and . It reaches a length of .
The roughskin spurdog is ovoviviparous with 21 to 22 young in a litter.
References
Compagno, Dando, & Fowler, Sharks of the World, Princeton University Press, New Jersey 2005
Cirrhigaleus
Fish described in 1973
Taxa named by Nigel Merrett |
17329192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haslett%20%28surname%29 | Haslett (surname) | Haslett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Adam Haslett (born 1970), American fiction writer
Alexander Haslett (1883–1951), Irish independent politician
Caroline Haslett (1895–1957), British electrical engineer and electricity industry administrator
Jim Haslett (born 1955), defensive coordinator of the Washington Redskins
John F. Haslett (21st century), American writer |
20466189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enco%20%28brand%29 | Enco (brand) | Enco (an acronym for 'ENergy COmpany') was a secondary retail brand name for products of the Humble Oil Corporation (who had been acquired by the Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1959) in certain parts of the United States from 1960 to 1977. It was used on service stations operated by Humble in states where they were not permitted to use the Esso brand under conditions set by the court-ordered breakup of Standard Oil in 1911.
After Humble Oil and Standard Oil of NJ merged to form Exxon in 1973, the brand was discontinued.
History
Beginning
Because Humble Oil was not the first to register "Enco" in all 50 states, it was forced to drop the name in deference to Earl Nunneley Company (also known as "Enco") of Texas.
Founder Earl Nunneley's famous quote on the name dispute was "It cost Humble more money to change all of their stationery letterheads than it would have if they'd simply bought my firm."
The Enco brand first appeared on gasoline and motor oil products of Jersey Standard affiliates, including Carter Oil in the Northwestern U.S., as well as Pate Oil and Oklahoma Oil in the Midwest during the summer and fall of 1960, shortly after the parent company reorganized all its domestic marketing and refining operations to former Texas-based subsidiary Humble Oil and Refining Company. In 1961, the Enco brand was introduced at Humble stations in Oklahoma, New Mexico and Arizona – both for the stations and gasoline/oil products, as was the case in California and some other western states where Humble opened stations for the first time. The Enco brand was also rolled out for gasoline/oil products at Humble's Texas stations, which retained Humble as the station brand until that was converted to Enco in 1962. However, one state, Ohio, used "Humble" because Standard Oil of Ohio (Sohio) refused to allow use of the Enco name, due to its similarity to "Esso"
Humble's advertisements promoted the Enco brand as short for "ENergy COmpany." From 1961 to 1972, Enco advertising and promotional efforts were the same as Esso's in the eastern U.S. including the use of the Humble name in advertisements along with the "Happy Motoring!" tagline used by Esso for decades, and the "Put A Tiger In Your Tank" ad campaign introduced nationwide in 1964. Logotypes for Enco and Esso were identical ovals with blue outer edge and red lettering with white background.
Discontinuation
Despite Humble's attempts to tie Enco and Esso brands together as a nationwide gasoline marketer during the 1960s, the company was not wholly successful at competing with truly national brands such as Texaco which was then the only oil company selling its gasoline under the same brand name in all 50 states, and Shell, as Humble's strongest markets remained the Esso territory in the eastern U.S. and the former Humble home territory in Texas. Despite these challenges, Humble was the most successful of several U.S. oil companies to expand marketing and refining operations to California and West Coast states as most other "newcomers" entering that region during the 1950s and 1960s such as Gulf Oil, Phillips 66, Amoco, Conoco and others enjoyed less than stellar results, and each would pull out of California and surrounding states during the 1970s.
In 1967, Humble further expanded its California presence when it purchased a large number of service stations from Signal Oil (a Chevron subsidiary) and converted them to the Enco brand, which joined a large number of stations Humble had already built from scratch or bought from other oil companies. That was followed by the construction and opening of an oil refinery in 1969. Humble also expanded the Enco brand to Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, and Mississippi after the Supreme Court ruled that Humble's use of the Esso trademark in those states violated Standard Oil of Kentucky's use of the name "Standard Oil". Kentucky Standard was almost completely dependent upon Esso for its products from 1911 until 1961, when it became a part of Standard Oil of California, now Chevron.
As early as 1966, Humble realized that it needed a single brand name it could use nationwide but faced a dilemma as Esso could not be used in other Standard Oil territories and Enco had a Japanese translation as "stalled car." In late 1971, Humble rolled out the Exxon brand name at rebranded Enco and Esso in several test markets throughout the U.S. Following successful results of the Exxon brand in those areas, Humble/Jersey Standard officials in May 1972 announced that Exxon would become the company's sole gasoline brand in the U.S. later that year – replacing both Esso and Enco at service stations and on gasoline, motor oil and lubricant products nationwide (Esso was retained outside the U.S. where Standard Oil stipulations by the U.S. Justice Department did not apply). Also, the corporate name Standard Oil of New Jersey was changed to Exxon Corporation, the U.S. refining/marketing division, Humble Oil and Refining Co., was renamed Exxon USA, and the Enjay Chemicals division would be renamed Exxon Chemicals.
While the Enco brand largely disappeared after 1973, the name survived in the Midwest (an area controlled by Amoco, which unlike Ohio, didn't object to Enco) until 1977, since the Midwest was one of Humble's weaker markets. Exxon sold the last remaining Enco stations to Cheker Oil Co. in 1977 as part of its withdrawal from the Midwest outside Southern Ohio, retiring the Enco brand permanently. Cheker was later acquired by Marathon Petroleum subsidiary Speedway. In 2021, 7-Eleven acquired Speedway. Although Marathon will continue to supply fuel at Speedway locations, as 7-Eleven partners with Exxon at some locations, the deal brought the legacy Enco sites in the Midwest full circle.
References
ExxonMobil brands
Automotive fuel retailers |
17329204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Bolld%C3%A9n | Ernst Bolldén | Ernst Olov Bolldén (28 September 1966 – 30 April 2012) was a Swedish wheelchair table tennis player. He represented Sweden at every Summer Paralympics from 1988 to 2004 and won medals for para table tennis. He was on the gold-winning Swedish team at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics and won a bronze in men's singles at that same Games. He won another bronze in the men's team event at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.
Bolldén was born in Njutånger, Sweden. He had a twin brother and two older brothers. Bolldén became paralysed from the waist and down in a schoolyard accident in Iggesund in 1979.
In July 2011, he was diagnosed with invasive bladder cancer. Bolldén died on 30 April 2012. He was 45.
Career records
Olympic Games
1996: Olympic gold in team wheelchair
1996: OS bronze in single wheelchair
2000: OS bronze in team wheelchair
World Championship
1986: World Cup silver in single wheelchair
1986: World Cup silver in team wheelchair
1990: World Cup Gold in single wheelchair
1990: World Cup Bronze in Team Wheelchair
1998: World Cup silver in team wheelchair
1998: World Cup bronze in single wheelchair
2002: WM-silver in team wheelchair
2002: WM silver in single wheelchair
2006: WM gold in single wheelchair
European Championships
1991: Euro gold in single wheelchair
1995: Euro gold in single wheelchair
1995: EM-silver in layers of wheelchair
1997: Euro gold in single wheelchair
1999: EM bronze in open wheelchair class
2003: EM bronze in single wheelchair
2003: EM bronze in team wheelchair
2009: EM bronze in single wheelchair
2009: EM-silver in layers of wheelchair
Other credits
Nominated for the award for the year's athletes with disabilities to the Swedish Athletics 2007.
2006: Elected best player or World Championships in wheelchair men category.
References
External links
Ernst Bolldén's official site
1966 births
2012 deaths
Swedish male table tennis players
Table tennis players at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Table tennis players at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic table tennis players of Sweden
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in table tennis
Paralympic gold medalists for Sweden
Paralympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Deaths from cancer in Sweden
Deaths from bladder cancer
Swedish twins
Twin sportspeople |
20466192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Parkinson%20%28footballer%29 | Bob Parkinson (footballer) | Robert Parkinson (27 April 1873 – after 1901) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. He was born in Preston, Lancashire. He played for Preston Ramblers, Preston Athletic, Fleetwood Rangers, Rotherham Town, Luton Town, Blackpool, Warmley, Nottingham Forest, Newton Heath, Watford and Swindon Town.
Blackpool
Parkinson was a member of the Blackpool line-up for their first-ever match in the Football League, on 5 September 1896. He played up front alongside his namesake, Jack Parkinson. He went on to make a further seven league appearances in the 1896–97 season, scoring one goal – in a 4–2 defeat at Woolwich Arsenal on 19 December.
Parkinson's final appearance for the club occurred on 23 January, in a 3–1 home defeat by Small Heath. Shortly after this, he joined Nottingham Forest.
References
General
MUFCInfo.com profile
Specific
1873 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Preston, Lancashire
English footballers
Association football forwards
Fleetwood Rangers F.C. players
Rotherham Town F.C. (1878) players
Luton Town F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Warmley F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Watford F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
English Football League players |
17329205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxybenzoic%20acid | Peroxybenzoic acid | Peroxybenzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CO3H. It is the simplest aryl peroxy acid. It may be synthesized from benzoic acid and hydrogen peroxide, or by the treatment of benzoyl peroxide with sodium methoxide, followed by acidification.
Like other peroxyacids, it may be used to generate epoxides, such as styrene oxide from styrene:
References
Organic peroxy acids
Phenyl compounds |
17329219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beppe%20Gambetta | Beppe Gambetta | Beppe Gambetta (born 1955) is an Italian acoustic guitarist and singer. A native of Genoa, he is a composer, teacher, author, and researcher of traditional music and instruments.
Music career
In 1977, Gambetta founded Red Wine, an Italian bluegrass band. He wrote the first Italian instructional book on flatpicking. His flatpicking style is similar to Doc Watson's and Moravian folk music. This style is characterized by flashy licks, intricate cross-picking patterns, open tunings, and fluid slides up and down the neck of the guitar.
Although Beppe lives in Genoa, he travels throughout North America every year. He has performed in the Walnut Valley Festival in Winfield, Kansas, MerleFest in North Carolina, the Kerrville Folk Festival in Texas and festivals in Winnipeg and Edmonton. He has appeared on the radio programs All Things Considered and eTown.
Beppe has performed with David Grisman, Gene Parsons, Doc Watson, Norman Blake and the band Men of Steel, which comprises Dan Crary, Tony McManus, and Don Ross. He toured with banjo player Tony Trischka and released the accompanying live album Alone and Together. In 2015, Gambetta embarked on a brief tour with cellist Rushad Eggleston.
Gambetta recorded the album Traversata: Italian Music in America (Acoustic Disc, 2001) with mandolinist David Grisman and mandolinist Carlo Aonzo. On the album, he used a 14-string harp guitar custom made for him by Italian luthier Antonello Saccu.
Reception
Beppe has been called a "virtual United Nations of influences: Italian, Ukrainian, Appalachian, Sardinian, Celtic".
He has been described by The Huffington Post as one of the "best flatpickers anywhere."
Discography
Dialogs (Hi, Folks!, 1988)
Alone & Together with Tony Trischka (Brambus, 1991)
Good News from Home (Green Linnet, 1995)
Serenata (Acoustic Music, 1997)
Synergia (Felmay, 2001)
Traversata (Acoustic Disc, 2001)
Blu Di Genova (Felmay, 2002)
Slade Stomp (Gadfly, 2006)
Rendez-vous (Gadfly, 2008)
Live at Teatro Della Corte (Gadfly, 2010)
Round Trip (Borealis, 2015)
Short Stories (Borealis, 2017)
References
External links
Official site
1955 births
Living people
Italian guitarists
Italian male guitarists
Italian bluegrass musicians
Musicians from Genoa
Brambus Records artists |
20466203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Creek%20%28Oregon%29 | Eagle Creek (Oregon) | Eagle Creek may refer to any of a number of places in the U.S. state of Oregon:
Rivers of Oregon |
23572521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepeda%20Beach | Lepeda Beach | Lepeda Beach is a beach in the south east of the Paliki, in Kefalonia, Greece. The beach is about south of Lixouri.
Character
The beach is at the end of a length of coast road. A steep curved ramp leads down to an open bay with a strip of orange-red sandy beach, which is up to wide in places. The beach is about long, with ample access for swimming, along with having sets of distinctive rocks near shore margin towards the north end of the beach.
Geology
The adjacent area is composed of local limestone with a brushwood cover. Homes with beach front access dot the area.
Travel and amenities
A short, steep, well-made road leads down to the beach area. The beach has a single small shop selling drinks. It is possible to hire a sunshade. A volleyball net is often in place. Many people try and park on the steep road, however, going right to the bottom of the incline and turning left immediately in front of the small shop leads down a road to a larger car park area.
References
Beaches of Greece
Bays of Greece
Tourist attractions in the Ionian Islands (region)
Landforms of Cephalonia
Landforms of the Ionian Islands (region) |
6900735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Crucifixion (disambiguation) | Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution.
Crucifixion may also refer to:
The Crucifixion or crucifixion of Jesus, a first-century AD event central to the founding and beliefs of Christianity
Music
"Crucify" (song), a 1992 song by Tori Amos from Little Earthquakes
"Crucified" (Army of Lovers song) (1991)
"Crucified" (Bella & Filippa song) (2017)
"Crucifixion" (song), a 1966 song by Phil Ochs from Pleasures of the Harbor
"Crucified" (Sevendust song) (2001)
"The Crucifixion" (Stainer), an 1887 Passion cantata or oratorio by John Stainer
"Crucifixion" or "He Never Said a Mumblin' Word", a spiritual song recorded by Lead Belly in 1945 and by Marian Anderson in 1951
"Crucifixion", a song from the 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice
"Crucified", a 1996 song by Accept from Predator
"Crucified", a 2010 song by Disturbed from Asylum
"Crucified", a 2015 song by Venom from From the Very Depths
"Crucified", a 2017 song by Eighteen Visions from XVIII
Paintings
Crucifixion (Antonello da Messina), any of three 15th-century paintings by Antonello da Messina
Crucifixion (Bellini), a 15th-century painting by Giovanni Bellini
Crucifixion (Francis Bacon, 1965), a 1965 triptych painting by Francis Bacon
The Crucifixion (Cranach), a 1532 painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder
Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus), a 1954 painting by Salvador Dalí
The Crucifixion (Gérôme), a 1867 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme
Crucifixion (Heemskerck), 1543 painting by Maarten van Heemskerck
Crucifixion (Nabil Kanso), a 1983 painting by Nabil Kanso
Crucifixion (Mantegna), a 1450s painting by Andrea Mantegna
Crucifixion (Masaccio), a 1426 painting by Masaccio
Crucifixion (Modena), a 1375 painting by Barnaba da Modena
The Crucifixion (Pavias), a 15th-century painting by Andreas Pavias
Crucifixion, seen from the Cross, an 1880s painting by James Tissot
Crucifixion (Titian), a 1558 painting by Titian
Crucifixion Diptych (van der Weyden), a 1460s two-panel painting by Rogier van der Weyden
Crucifixion (van Dyck), a 1630 painting by Anthony van Dyck
Crucifixion (van Eyck), a 15th-century drawing attributed to Jan van Eyck
Crucifixion (after van Eyck?), a c. 1440-50 painting usually attributed to the workshop of Jan van Eyck
Other uses
The Crucifixion (film), a 2017 horror film by Xavier Gens
See also
Christ Crucified (disambiguation)
Crucifixion between Sts. Jerome and Christopher, a 1480s painting by Pinturicchio
Crucifixion in the arts
Crucifixion With a Donor (Bosch), a 1480s painting by Hieronymus Bosch
Crucifixion with Pietà (Lotto), 1530 painting by Lorenzo Lotto |
23572522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen%20Transmission | Stolen Transmission | Stolen Transmission was an American independent record label founded in 2005 by Sarah Lewitinn and Rob Stevenson. They have released albums from well-known artists such as Innerpartysystem, Monty Are I, and Schoolyard Heroes.
History
The label started in 2005 by former Spin editor, Sarah Lewitinn, who quit the magazine to create the label, and Rob Stevenson, a music executive for Island Def Jam. It began as an imprint of Island Def Jam. It lasted 2 years without any major commercial or critical success.
In late 2007, Stolen Transmission parted ways with Island Def Jam due to the reconstruction of it, and Stolen Transmission ran completely independent for a few months. The label is defunct since 2008.
Artists
The Audition
Bright Light Fever
The Horrors
Innerpartysystem
Monty Are I
The Oohlas
Permanent Me
The Photo Atlas
Schoolyard Heroes
Former
PlayRadioPlay!
Saints and Lovers
References
External links
Official site
American independent record labels
Record labels established in 2005 |
23572535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious%20Worship%20Act%201718 | Religious Worship Act 1718 | The Religious Worship Act 1718 (5 Geo. I, c. 4) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It repealed the Schism Act 1714.
Notes
History of Christianity in the United Kingdom
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1718
1718 in Christianity
Law about religion in the United Kingdom |
23572536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technischer%20%C3%9Cberwachungsverein | Technischer Überwachungsverein | TÜVs (; short for , ) are internationally active, independent service companies from Germany and Austria that test, inspect and certify technical systems, facilities and objects of all kinds in order to minimize hazards and prevent damages. The TÜV companies are organized into three large holding companies, TÜV Nord, TÜV Rheinland and TÜV SÜD (with TÜV Hessen), along with the smaller independent companies TÜV Thüringen, TÜV Saarland and TÜV Austria.
History
With the increasing number and efficiency of steam engines during the Industrial Revolution, there had been more and more accidents caused by exploding (or more precisely, bursting) boilers. After the explosion of the boiler at the Mannheim Aktienbrauerei in January 1865, the idea was pursued there to subject boilers to regular inspections on a voluntary basis, as was already the case in Great Britain. Twenty boiler owners in Baden joined in the plans and finally founded the "Gesellschaft zur Ueberwachung und Versicherung von Dampfkesseln" (Society for the Supervision and Insurance of Steam Boilers) on 6 January 1866 in the rooms of the Mannheim Stock Exchange. It was the first inspection society on the European mainland. Other German states and regions followed suit.
These independent regional monitoring organizations in the form of associations were so successful in accident prevention that, from 1871, membership in such an association exempted them from inspection by a state inspector. The regional "Dampfkessel-Überwachungs- und Revisions-Vereine" (DÜV), as self-help organizations of steam boiler operators, were thus an early example of a very successful privatization of previously state inspections. Because they were so successful in preventing accidents in the rapidly developing field of steam boiler technology, they were later also entrusted with safety inspections in other technical fields, including the periodic testing of motor vehicles as well as driver's license testing.
All TÜV groups that emerged from these common roots use the "TÜV" brand and a regional suffix (for example, TÜV SÜD, TÜV Rheinland, TÜV Nord, TÜV Saarland, TÜV Thüringen, TÜV Austria) in their names. They compete with each other and with other market players in some areas (see above).
The individual TÜVs became multinational corporations with time, and came to provide services to industry, governments, individuals, and non-profit groups. During the 1980s and 1990s, deregulation led to competition in the German inspection and certification industry, and further deregulation occurred at the end of 2007.
In 2007, TÜV Nord and TÜV SÜD agreed to merge, which would have created a company with 18,000 employees and sales of around 1.8 billion euros; however the companies called off the merger that same year, citing potential difficulties with integration as well as restrictions that would have been required under antitrust law. In 2008, TÜV SÜD and TÜV Rheinland agreed to merge which would have created the second largest testing services company in the world, behind SGS S.A.; the combined company would have had around 25,000 employees and 2.2 billion euros in income. These plans were abandoned by August again due to antitrust concerns. TÜV Nord had more than 11,000 employees stationed globally as of 2020.
Responsibilities and structure
All TÜVs perform sovereign tasks in the fields of vehicle monitoring, driver licensing and equipment and product safety. In addition, TÜVs function as notified bodies in Europe for medical device regulation.
Every company that uses the word "TÜV" in its name is at least 25.1% owned by a "Technischer Überwachungs-Verein e. V." (Technical Inspection Association), which is a non-governmental organization of the German business community and has been entrusted by the state with the specified sovereign tasks ("TÜV Convention").
As a result of deregulation and liberalization, the former regional responsibility in Germany has been abolished in most areas of work. In these areas, as well as in the unregulated sector, the companies operate independently on the market and compete with each other. In many areas such as product certification and certification of management systems, they are represented worldwide by subsidiaries.
Organizations that imitate TÜV have also established themselves outside the German-speaking world. TÜV India, which is a subsidiary of TÜV Nord, has been operating in India since 1989. TÜV offices have also been operating in Turkey since 2007. The operator is TÜVtürk, a subsidiary of TÜV SÜD.
TÜV Hessen
TÜV Hessen (TÜV Technische Überwachung Hessen GmbH) is based in Darmstadt. According to its origins, the company is a purely technical testing organization, but with its focus on testing and certification now operates in a broad field within the service industry. It currently employs around 1350 people and generated annual sales of around €157 million in fiscal 2019. TÜV Hessen has been 55% owned by TÜV Süd AG and 45% by the state of Hesse since 1999.
TÜV SÜD
TÜV SÜD AG is a management holding company with 74.9 percent of the shares owned by TÜV SÜD e.V. (registered association) and 25.1 percent owned by the TÜV SÜD Foundation. In 2021, it generated annual sales of €2.7 billion with 25,000+ employees. As of June 2022, TÜV SÜD listed more than 1,000 locations throughout Germany, Europe, America, and Asia. Around 40 percent of sales are generated abroad.
TÜV Nord
TÜV NORD AG is an based in Hanover. Its main tasks are testing and certification in the business areas of industry, automotive, and human resources and education. As a stock corporation, the company was founded in 2004. The shares of the company are held by TÜV NORD e. V. (36.1%), RWTÜV e. V. (36.1%) and TÜV Hannover/Sachsen-Anhalt e. V. (27.8%).
TÜV Saarland
TÜV Saarland emerged from the Pfälzischer Dampfkessel-Revisions-Verein (Palatinate Steam Boiler Auditing Association) founded in 1871 and is headquartered in Sulzbach. The Chairman of the Board of TÜV Saarland is Thomas Klein. TÜV Saarland Holding GmbH is 74.9 percent owned by TÜV Saarland e.V. and 25.1 percent by the TÜV Saarland Foundation. The managing directors of TÜV Saarland Holding GmbH are Carsten Schubert (spokesman) and Thorsten Greiner.
TÜV Thüringen
TÜV Thüringen is headquartered in Erfurt. TÜV Thüringen is set up as a group of companies and competes with the other testing organizations. The TÜV Thüringen group of companies has its main focus in central Germany and operates throughout Germany and worldwide. It has more than 1,000 employees at ten locations in Germany as well as numerous automotive testing facilities in twelve countries.
TÜV Rheinland
TÜV Rheinland AG is based in Cologne. TÜV Rheinland operates as a technical testing organization in the areas of safety, efficiency and quality. Chairman of the Executive Board of TÜV Rheinland AG is Michael Fübi, Chairman of the Supervisory Board is Michael Hüther. The sole shareholder of TÜV Rheinland AG is TÜV Rheinland Berlin Brandenburg Pfalz e. V.. With 19,924 employees, TÜV Rheinland generated sales of 1.97 billion euros and earnings before interest and taxes of 130.6 million euros in 2017. In terms of sales, 45 percent was attributable to business outside Germany. 11,420 employees work outside Germany, 8,504 in Germany.
TÜV Austria
In Austria, TÜV Austria, which dates back to its foundation as a monitoring association in 1872, has evolved into the internationally active TÜV Austria Group.
The brand "TÜV"
The "TÜV" brand is a highly recognizable trademark protected for the benefit of these testing organizations and the VdTÜV. It is a valuable asset of the TÜV testing companies.
"TÜV" became known to the general public primarily through the general inspection. In Germany, the term "TÜV" is informally used to denote the compulsory biennial or triennial vehicle inspection procedure (similar to the term "MOT" in the United Kingdom, e.g., you take your car "to the TÜV", even though vehicle inspections are now also often inspected by another organization such as Dekra, KÜS or GTÜ, since the former monopoly for this inspection has long been dissolved).
In addition, "TÜV-geprüft" colloquially means a seal of quality for technical testing by a TÜV company (see above). The designation "TÜV-tested" may only be used by a technical inspection association or a subsidiary. Anything else would be misleading consumers or unfair competition. This seal of quality is also increasingly being abused by falsification.[3]
Because "the TÜV" enjoys a high reputation for neutrality and expertise in Germany and Austria, but now also worldwide, and has a high degree of recognition, the designation is applied in colloquial language to many social problem areas and grievances when there are calls for control and transparency (e.g. "Bureaucracy TÜV", "School TÜV", "Event TÜV").
TÜV Association
The TÜV Association or TÜV-Verband e. V. in German (formerly VdTÜV or Verband der TÜV e. V.) represents the interests of the Technical Inspection Associations (TÜV) in Germany and Europe vis a vis politics, authorities, economy and the public. The association has its headquarters in Berlin and also maintains an EU representation in Brussels.
The aim of the TÜV Association is to improve the technical and digital safety of vehicles, products, systems and services through independent assessments. Together with its members, the TÜV Association pursues the goal of maintaining the high level of technical safety in our society and creating trust for the digital world. To achieve this, the experts of the TÜV Association are involved in the further development of standards and regulations. Currently, the main focus is on strengthening digital security and meeting the growing demands for sustainability in our society.
Since June 2020, Dirk Stenkamp, Chairman of the Board of Management of TÜV NORD AG, has been Chairman of the TÜV Association. The chairmanship rotates every two years. Since 2017, Joachim Bühler has been Managing Director of the TÜV Association.
The TÜV Association has six main members. In addition, there are two industry members and five associate members.
Main members
TÜV SÜD
TÜV Hessen
TÜV Nord
TÜV Thüringen
TÜV Saarland
TÜV Rheinland
TÜV Austria
Scandals
Over the years, there have been various scandals regarding the services provided by the different TUVs.
Brazilian dam disaster
TÜV SÜD was auditing and certifying Vale, a company that was involved in the 2015 Mariana dam disaster. In 2019, the Brumadinho dam disaster occurred. In October 2019, five Brazilians who lost close family members there and two NGOs filed a law infringement complaint against TÜV SÜD, alleging that TÜV SÜD is jointly responsible for the deaths and environmental damage. The company denies the allegations.
On 25 January 2019 a recently inspected tailing dam collapsed, killing 270 people, of whom 259 were officially confirmed dead and 11 others reported as missing, whose bodies had not been found. The Brumadinho dam disaster released a mudflow that advanced over houses in a rural area near the city. Brazilian authorities issued arrest warrants for two engineers of TÜV SÜD, contracted to inspect the dam. Brazilian prosecutors announced, on 21 January 2020, that Vale, TÜV SÜD, and 16 individuals would be charged in relation to the dam disaster.
In 2020, Brazilian prosecutors announced their plans to file charges against Vale SA and its auditor TÜV SÜD and many individuals.
Deficient breast implants
In 2013, TÜV Rheinland was held liable by a French court to 1600 women whose breast implants had ruptured; the implants were made by Poly Implant Prothèse with TÜV Rheinland having certified the manufacturing process.
See also
CE marking
Cybersecurity standards
Explosion protection
Functional safety
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory
Security
References
1866 establishments in Germany
1872 establishments in Austria
Automotive testing agencies
Environmental certification marks
German brands
Austrian brands
Product certification
Service companies of Germany
Standards organisations in Germany
Service companies of Austria
Standards organisations in Austria |
44496752 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Wolfers | Arnold Wolfers | Arnold Oscar Wolfers (June 14, 1892July 16, 1968) was a Swiss-American lawyer, economist, historian, and international relations scholar, most known for his work at Yale University and for being a pioneer of classical international relations realism.
Educated in his native Switzerland and in Germany, Wolfers was a lecturer at the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik in Berlin in the late 1920s and then became its director in the early 1930s. Initially having some sympathies with the ideas of Nazi Germany, he left that country to become a visiting professor at Yale in 1933, stayed there, and became a U.S. citizen in 1939. In 1935 he was co-founder of the influential Yale Institute of International Studies. As master of Pierson College at Yale, he played a significant role during World War II by recruiting for the Office of Strategic Services. In 1957 he left Yale and became director of the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research at Johns Hopkins University, where he served in that role until his retirement in 1965.
Wolfers' two most known works are Britain and France Between Two Wars (1940), a study of two foreign policies during the interwar period, and Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics (1962), a collection of papers on international relations theory.
Early life and education
Arnold Oskar Wolfers (the spelling of the middle name later changed to Oscar) was born on June 14, 1892, in St. Gallen, Switzerland, to parents Otto Gustav Wolfers (1860–1945) and the former Clara Eugenie Hirschfeld (1869–1950). His father was a New York merchant who emigrated and became a naturalized Swiss citizen in 1905, while his mother was from a Jewish family in St. Gallen. Arnold grew up in St. Gallen and attended the gymnasium secondary school there, gaining his Abitur qualification.
Wolfers studied law at the University of Lausanne, University of Munich, and University of Berlin beginning in 1912, gaining a certificate (Zeugnis) from the last of these. He served as a first lieutenant in the infantry of the Swiss Army, with some of the service taking place from May 1914 to March 1915, part of which included Switzerland's maintaining a state of armed neutrality during World War I. He first began studying at the University of Zurich in the summer of 1915. He graduated summa cum laude from there with a J.U.D. degree, in both civil and church law,<ref name="whos-66">Who's Who in America 1966–1967, p. 2339.</ref> in April 1917.
Admitted to the bar in Switzerland in 1917, Wolfers practiced law in St. Gallen from 1917 to 1919. His observing of the war, and of the difficulties the Geneva-based League of Nations faced in the aftermath of the war, enhanced his natural Swiss skepticism and led him towards a conservative view regarding the ability of countries to avoid armed conflict. On the other hand, his Swiss background did provide to him an example of how a multi-lingual federation of cantons could prosper.
In 1918, Wolfers married Doris Emmy Forrer. She was the daughter of the Swiss politician Robert Forrer, who as a member of the Free Democratic Party of Switzerland from St. Gallen had been elected to the National Council in the 1908 Swiss federal election, retaining that seat until 1924 and chairing the radical-democratic group (1918–1924). She studied art, attending the École des Beaux-Arts in Geneva as well as the University of Geneva, and spent a year at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich during the early stages of World War I.
Wolfers studied economics and political science at the Universities of Zurich and Berlin from 1920 to 1924, with his study at the University of Zurich concluding with a certificate in April 1920. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Giessen in Germany in 1924.
During this time, Wolfers' abilities with languages allowed him to act as an interpreter in some situations. He first traveled to the United States in 1924 and delivered lectures to various audiences.
Academic career in Germany
By one later account, Wolfers emigrated to Germany following the conclusion of World War I, while another had him living in Germany starting in 1921. Contemporary newspaper stories published in the United States portray Wolfers as a Swiss citizen through at least 1926. In 1933, stories describe him as Swiss-German or a native Swiss and naturalized German. But in 1940 he is described as having been a Swiss before being naturalized as an American, something that a later historical account also states.
From 1924 to 1930, Wolfers was a lecturer in political science at the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik (Institute of Politics) in Berlin. Headed by Ernst Jaeckh, it was considered Berlin's best school for the study of political behavior. In 1927, he took on the additional duties of being studies supervisor. Wolfers was one of the early people in the circle around Lutheran theologian Paul Tillich, with he and Doris giving much-needed economic support to Tillich in Berlin during the hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic period. As such Wolfers might have been considered a religious socialist. The Hochschule attracted many religious socialists, who were interested in combining spiritual development with social reform in an effort to provide an attractive alternative to Marxism.
Wolfers became the director of the Hochschule für Politik from 1930 until 1933, with Jaeckh as president and chair. Wolfers and Jaeckh both gave lecture tours in America, made contacts there, and secured funding for the Hochschule's library and publications from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Rockefeller Foundation. Two endowed visiting lectureships were sponsored by Carnegie, one of which would be held by Hajo Holborn. In a period where there was considerable student unrest, Wolfers led popular classroom discussion sessions regarding the state of world affairs.
Between 1929 and 1933, Wolfers was a privatdozent (roughly, assistant professor) in economics at the University of Berlin. He was active in the International Student Service and presided over their annual conference in 1931, held in the midst of the Great Depression, at Mount Holyoke College in the United States. In his address before them, Wolfers urged more financial help from Great Britain and the United States to Continental Europe: "What Europe needs is not general declarations for peace and cooperation – people are getting sick of them. We need proposals to help overcome concrete pressing difficulties."
Wolfers, like other German academics, witnessed first-hand the demise of the Weimar Republic and the rise to power of the Nazi Party.Korenblat, "A School for the Republic?", p. 413. While some of the academics perceived immediately the reality of the Nazis, Wolfers, along with Jaeckh, did not. Wolfers had a belief in the great man theory, extended to the role of great nations, and was drawn to the notion of spectacular actions in international relations; as such he found some Nazi rhetoric appealing. In this manner Wolfers tended to be in agreement with some of the foreign policy objectives of the Nazi regime, especially in the East, thinking that those objectives could play a part in restoring the European balance of power. As for other aspects of the Nazis, Wolfers failed to comprehend the amount of racism and authoritarianism essential to Nazi ideology. In a November 1932 article in the journal International Affairs, Wolfers prophesied that "Hitler, with all his anti-democratic tendencies, is caught by the fact that he leads a mass movement... He may therefore become, against his own original programme, a force making for democracy. ... The further we go, the more this character of his movement as a safeguard against social reaction is likely to come to the fore."
Hitler seized control in the Machtergreifung in January 1933. At some point, Wolfers, a "half-Jew" (Halbjude) in the language of the Third Reich, was classified as "undesirable" (unerwünscht) by the new regime. In late April 1933, Wolfers was offered a position as a visiting professor of international relations at Yale University, and in late May, the appointment was publicly announced by Yale, with Wolfers being assigned to Yale's graduate school, where he was to lecture on world economics and European governments. Also in May, Wolfers served as general rapporteur to that year's International Studies Conference in London.
Master at Yale
Wolfers traveled to the United States on the SS Albert Ballin, arriving on August 11, 1933. He commented that Europeans generally felt threatened by U.S. monetary policy, but that people in Germany were sympathetic to U.S. leadership in trying to overcome the Depression.
In a November 1933 address at Yale, Wolfers described Hitler as saying that Germany would return to the League of Nations if reparations-based discrimination against her ended and that France and Germany could be allied against the Bolshevik threat from the east. Wolfers added, "Hitler's policy is not only an outgrowth of dire necessity. His party's emphasis is on domestic affairs. The 'militant' energies of Germany's soldier-like citizens are at last finding a field of action at home that satisfies all needs." In a February 1934 speech before the Foreign Policy Association in New York, Wolfers said, "The cause of present unrest is France's extravagant demands. ... Germany has lost her territorial cohesion; she has been forced to live in conflict with her Eastern neighbors, and is deprived of the most meager of self-defense." In 1934 the German embassy in Washington expressed satisfaction with the contents of Wolfers' lectures in the United States.
The contradictions inherent in the Nazi government's classification of Wolfers, compared to the Nazis' and Wolfers' somewhat complimentary views of each other at this time, have been noted by the German political scientist Rainer Eisfeld. Wolfers destroyed his personal and work files several times over the course of his career and thus it is difficult to know if his leaving Germany was for academic or political reasons or exactly what his thinking was at the time.
Intellectually, Wolfers' early work on international politics and economics was influenced by European conflicts and their effect upon the world and revealed something of a Realpolitik point of view. However he was not as heavily devoted to this perspective as was his colleague Nicholas J. Spykman. In terms of economics, Wolfers spoke somewhat favorably of New Deal initiatives such as the National Recovery Administration that sought to manage some competitive forces.
In 1935, Wolfers was named as professor of international relations at Yale. In taking the position, Wolfers was essentially proclaiming his lack of desire to return to Germany under Nazi rule. As part of gaining the position, Wolfers received an honorary A.M. from Yale in 1935, a standard practice at Yale when granting full professorships to scholars who did not previously have a Yale degree.
Also in 1935, Wolfers was appointed master of Pierson College at Yale, succeeding Alan Valentine. The college system had just been created at Yale two years earlier and masterships were sought after by faculty for the extra stipend and larger living environment they allotted. A master was expected to provide a civilizing influence to the resident students and much of that role was filled by Doris Wolfers. She decorated with eighteenth century Swiss furniture, played the host with enthusiasm, and together the couple made the Master's House at Pierson a center for entertaining on the campus second only to the house of the president of the university. When diplomats visited the campus, it was the Wolferses who provided the entertainment.
The couple collected art and in 1936 loaned some of their modern art to an exhibit at the Yale Gallery of the Fine Arts. Doris Wolfers became a frequent attendee or patroness at tea dances and other events to celebrate debutantes. He would accompany her to some university dances.
One former Yale undergraduate later said that he had lived in Pierson and that as head of the hall, Wolfers had been wiser and more useful regarding the practical issues of foreign policy than any of the faculty in political science. Veterans returning after the war would express how much they had missed Doris.
Another development in 1935 was that the Yale Institute of International Studies was created, with Wolfers as one of three founding members along with Frederick S. Dunn and Nicholas J. Spykman with Spykman as the first director. The new entity sought to use a "realistic" perspective to produce scholarly but useful research that would be useful to government decision makers. Wolfers was one of the senior academics who gave both the institute and Yale as a whole gravitas in the area and the nickname of the "Power School". The members of the institute launched a weekly seminar called "Where Is the World Going?" at which various current issues would be discussed, and from this Wolfers developed small study groups to address problems sent from the U.S. Department of State. Wolfers traveled to the State Department in Washington frequently and also discussed these matters with his friend and Yale alumnus Dean Acheson. Wolfers gained campus renown for his lectures on global interests and strategy.
Politically, Wolfers styled himself a "Tory-Liberal", perhaps making reference to the Tory Liberal coalition in Britain of that time.
Wolfers had a distinctive image on campus: tall and well-dressed with an aristocratic demeanor and a crisp voice that rotated between people in conversation "rather like a searchlight" in the words of one observer.
Whatever appeal the Nazis had held for Wolfers was had ended by the conclusion of the 1930s, and in 1939, Wolfers was naturalized as an American citizen. His 1940 book Britain and France Between Two Wars, a study of the foreign policies of the two countries in the interwar period, became influential. An assessment in The New York Times Book Review by Edgar Packard Dean said that the book was a "substantial piece of work" and that Wolfers handled his descriptions with "extraordinary impartiality" but that his analysis of French policy was stronger than of British policy. Another review in the same publication referred to Britain and France Between Two Wars as "a most excellent and carefully documented study" by an "eminent Swiss scholar".
World War II involvements
Wolfers actively assisted the U.S. war effort during World War II. From 1942 to 1944 he served as a special advisor and lecturer at the School of Military Government in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he conveyed his knowledge of Germany's society and government to those taking training courses to become part of a future occupying force. He served as an expert consultant to the Office of Provost Marshal General, also from 1942 to 1944. He was also a consultant to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1944 and 1945.
The masters at Yale served as contact points for recruiting appropriate students into the intelligence services, and according to the historian Robin Winks, none did so more than Wolfers, who made excellent use of his connections in Washington through the Yale Institute of International Studies. Overall a disproportionate number of intelligence workers came from Pierson College; in addition to Wolfers, other Pierson fellows who did recruiting included Wallace Notestein and C. Bradford Welles. Pierson College residents who later became intelligence figures included James Jesus Angleton, who often spent time in Wolfers' living room listening to poets such as Robert Frost that Wolfers brought in to read. Other attendees to these sessions included a future U.S. Poet Laureate, Reed Whittemore. Wolfers liked the young Angleton and kept in touch with him in subsequent years. Another protégé of Wolfers was Robert I. Blum, who became one of the early core members of the X-2 Counter Espionage Branch of the OSS, which provided liaison with the British in the exploitation of Ultra signals intelligence.
Wolfers had worked on a study of American diplomatic communications, including telecommunications and codes and ciphers. He thus became one of the few people to have a professional-level interest in intelligence matters before the war.
In addition, Anita Forrer, Doris's sister, became an OSS agent and conducted secret and dangerous operations in Switzerland on behalf of Allen Dulles. Before that, she had been a correspondent of poet Rainer Maria Rilke.
In June 1944, Wolfers was among a group of ten prominent Protestant clergy and laymen organized by the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace who issued a signed statement advocating a way of dealing with Germany after war. The statement said that Germany should not be left economically destitute or subjected to excessive reparations, as "an impoverished Germany will continue to be a menace to the peace of the world," and that punishment for German extermination campaigns against Jews and war crimes against those in occupied territories should be limited to those responsible and not extended to those just carrying out orders. A month after V-E Day, Wolfers had a letter published wherein he remarked upon "the shocking revelations" of Nazi concentration camps but still recommended "stern but humane rules" for directing the future of the German people.
Later Yale years
Wolfers was one of the contributors to Bernard Brodie's landmark 1946 volume The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order, which focused on the effect of the new atomic bomb on U.S.-Soviet relations.
He worked with Basil Duke Henning, the master of Saybrook College, on a study of what Soviet leaders would judge American foreign policy options to be if they used the European press for their information.
Wolfers continued to serve as a recruiter for the Central Intelligence Agency when it was formed after the war.
He was a strong influence on John A. McCone, who later became Director of Central Intelligence (1961–65).
A distinguishing feature of Wolfers' career was his familiarity with power and his policy-oriented focus, which assumed that academia should try to shape the policies of government. A noted American international relations academic, Kenneth W. Thompson, subsequently wrote that Wolfers, as the most policy-oriented of the Yale institute's scholars, "had an insatiable yearning for the corridors of power" and because of that may have compromised his scholarly detachment and independence.
Wolfers was a member of the resident faculty of the National War College in 1947 and a member of its board of consultants from 1947 to 1951. He was a consultant to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs during 1951 and served as President of the World Peace Foundation during 1953. In 1953 he was named a member of the board of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation.
The Wolferses, who had spent summers in Switzerland in the prewar years, considered moving back to Switzerland after the war, but decided to stay in the United States.
In 1947 the couple commissioned a summer home on a Naskeag Point bluff in Brooklin, Maine. Designed by Walter Gropius and The Architect's Collective, the innovative Bauhaus-influenced design incorporated a gull-wing roof and large overhangs; the adventuresome design reflected the couple's artistic nature and cosmopolitan outlook. The home was featured in House & Garden magazine in 1948 (and would be featured again in Portland Monthly Magazine in 2013).
Wolfers was named a Sterling professor of international relations in 1949, which remains Yale's highest level of academic rank. He was, as one author later stated, "a revered doyen in the field of international relations". He was also named to direct two new entities at Yale, the Division of Social Sciences and the Social Science Planning Center. He stepped down as master of Pierson College at that time; President of Yale Charles Seymour said, "I regret exceedingly that we must take from Pierson College a master who has conducted its affairs with wisdom and understanding for fourteen years." The Wolferses continued to reside in New Haven.
In 1950 and 1951, the Yale Institute of International Studies ran into conflict with a new President of Yale University, A. Whitney Griswold, who felt that scholars should conduct research as individuals rather than in cooperative groups and that the institute should do more historical, detached analysis rather than focus on current issues and recommendations on policy. Most of the institute's scholars left Yale, with many of them going to Princeton University and founding the Center of International Studies there in 1951, but Wolfers remained at Yale for several more years.
In May 1954, Wolfers attended the Conference on International Politics, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation and convened in Washington, D.C., which brought together Hans Morgenthau, Reinhold Niebuhr, Walter Lippmann, Paul Nitze, Kenneth W. Thompson, Kenneth Waltz, Dean Rusk, and others. The conference has since been seen as an attempt to define an international relations theory through modern realism.
Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research
Wolfers left Yale in 1957, at the age of 65, but retained an emeritus title there. He was appointed director of the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research at Johns Hopkins University. This was a new institute founded by Paul Nitze, who wanted to create a center within the School of Advanced International Studies that would join academics and policymakers. Unsettled by some feuding going on at Yale regarding the future of international relations study there, Wolfers was willing to leave Yale and move to Washington to take on the new position.
At the Washington Center, Wolfers brought academics and government officials together to discuss national security policy. Nitze would later say that Wolfers had been an asset in running discussions wherein members were encouraged to bring forth their ideas and defend them while others kept an open mind. Wolfers was willing to question prevailing academic opinions and ideologies and, in Nitze's words, "brought a wind of fresh air to what had been a fairly stodgy and opinionated group. He was a joy to work with." Wolfers' own thoughts at the time still revolved around classical balance of power relationships. Overall, the directorship of Wolfers added an academic prestige to the center that it had previously not had.
Wolfers consulted for the Institute for Defense Analyses in 1960 and 1961 and was a consultant to the State Department from 1960 on. He also consulted for the U.S. Department of the Army.
A 1962 book from Wolfers, Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics, presented sixteen essays on international relations theory, most of which had already been published in some form but some of which were completely new. Many of the essays had been influential when first published, and the book came to be viewed as a classic. In a foreword, Reinhold Niebuhr said that Wolfers was more of political philosopher than a political scientist who nonetheless sought empirical verification of his theories and suppositions.
Wolfers belonged to a number of academic organizations and clubs, including the International Institute for Strategic Studies (for which he was a member of the international advisory council), the American Political Science Association, the Council on Foreign Relations, the Century Association, and the Cosmos Club.
Final years
Wolfers retired from the Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research in 1965 but remained affiliated to it with the status of special adviser.
Wolfers destroyed his files on three occasions when undergoing changes of position, in 1949, 1957, and 1966.
Beginning in 1958, the Wolferses spent more time at their Maine house, even though he officially still lived in Washington. They entertained in Maine often, bringing in guests of all different political persuasions and artistic endeavors.
Encouraged by the Wolferses' acquaintance Carl Jung, who thought that Doris had a greater creative instinct than her role as Arnold's secretary and amanuensis made use of, she had resumed her career as an artist in the early-to-mid 1950s. She specialized in embroidery-based textual montages. Beginning in 1960, she had her work exhibited at galleries in Washington, New York, Rhode Island, and Maine.
Wolfers died on July 16, 1968, in a hospital in Blue Hill, Maine. Doris focused even more on her artistic endeavors after he was gone and would live until 1987.
Awards and honors
Wolfers received an honorary Litt.D. from Mount Holyoke College in 1934. He had a long relationship with that school, including giving the Founder's Day address in 1933, conducting public assemblies in 1941, and delivering a commencement address in 1948. Wolfers was also granted an honorary LL.D. from the University of Rochester in 1945.
An endowed chair, the Arnold Wolfers Professor of Political Science, was created at Yale following Wolfers' death, funded by a $600,000 gift from Arthur K. Watson of IBM. Watson's gift was subsequently increased to $1 million.
Legacy
Two Festschrift volumes were published in tribute to Wolfers. The first, Foreign Policy in the Sixties: The Issues and the Instruments: Essays in Honor of Arnold Wolfers, edited by Roger Hilsman and Robert C. Good, came out in 1965 during Wolfers' lifetime. It largely featured contributions from his former students, including ones from Raymond L. Garthoff, Laurence W. Martin, Lucian W. Pye, W. Howard Wriggins, Ernest W. Lefever, and the editors. The second, Discord and Collaboration in a New Europe: Essays in Honor of Arnold Wolfers, edited by Douglas T. Stuart and Stephen F. Szabo, came out in 1994 based on a 1992 conference at Dickinson College. It featured contributions from Martin again, Catherine McArdle Kelleher, Vojtech Mastny, and others, as well as the editors.
In terms of international relations theory, the editors of the second Festschrift characterize Wolfers as "the reluctant realist".
Wolfers could be categorized as belonging to "progressive realists", figures who often shared legal training, left-leaning traits in their thinking, and institutionally reformist goals. Wolfers' focus on morality and ethics in international relations, which he viewed as something that could transcend demands for security depending upon circumstances, is also unusual for a realist. Martin views Wolfers as having "swam against the tide" within the realist school, taking "a middle line that makes him seem in retrospect a pioneer revisionist of realism." But Wolfers did not subscribe to alternative explanations for international relations, such as behaviorism or quantification, instead preferring to rely upon, as he said, "history, personal experience, introspection, common sense and the gift of logical reason".
The progressive, democratic reputation that the Deutsche Hochschule für Politik enjoyed for decades became diminished as a result of scholarly research performed in the latter part of the twentieth century which showed that the Hochschule's relationship with the Nazi Party was not the one of pure opposition that had been portrayed. With those findings, Wolfers' reputation in connection to his role there suffered somewhat as well. By one account, it took six decades for any of Wolfers' former students in the United States to concede that Wolfers, even after having left Germany and finding a secure position at Yale, had still during the 1930s shown some ideological sympathies with the Nazi regime.
Two of Wolfers' formulations have often been repeated. The first provides a metaphor for one model of who the participants are in international relations: states-as-actors behaving as billiard balls that collide with one another. The second provides two components for the notion of national security; Wolfers wrote that "security, in an objective sense, measures the absence of threats to acquired values, in a subjective sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked."
Wolfers found composition difficult and his written output was small, with Britain and France Between Two Wars and Discord and Collaboration being his two major works. Much of his influence lay in how he brought people and discussions together in productive ways and bridged gaps between theory and practice.
But what Wolfers did write found an audience; by 1994, Discord and Collaboration was in its eighth printing, twenty-five years after his death. In the introduction to the second Festschrift, Douglas T. Stuart wrote,
"The book stands the test of time for two reasons. First, the author addresses enduring aspects of international relations and offers insightful recommendations about the formulation and execution of foreign policy. Second, Wolfers's writings are anchored in a sophisticated theory of situational ethics that is valid for any historical period, but that is arguably more relevant today than it was when Wolfers was writing."
Nevertheless, Wolfers' name is often not remembered as well as it might. In a 2008 interview, Robert Jervis, the Adlai E. Stevenson Professor of International Politics at Columbia University, listed international relations scholars who had influenced him, and he concluded by saying, "then there is one scholar who's not as well known as he should be: Arnold Wolfers, who was I think the most sophisticated, subtle, and well-grounded of the early generation of Realists." In his 2011 book, political theorist William E. Scheuerman posits three "towering figures" of mid-twentieth century classical realism – E. H. Carr, Hans J. Morgenthau, Reinhold Niebuhr – and next includes Wolfers, along with John H. Herz and Frederick L. Schuman, in a group of "prominent postwar US political scientists, relatively neglected today but widely respected at mid century".
On the other hand, in a 2011 remark the British international relations scholar Michael Cox mentioned Wolfers as one of the "giants" of international relations theory, along with Hans Morgenthau, Paul Nitze, William T. R. Fox, and Reinhold Niebuhr.
In the 2011 Encyclopedia of Power, Douglas T. Stuart wrote that "More than 40 years after his death, Arnold Wolfers remains one of the most influential experts in the field of international relations."
Published works
Die Verwaltungsorgane der Aktiengesellschaft nach schweizerischem Recht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verhältnisses von Verwaltungsrat und Direktion (Sauerländer, 1917) (Zürcher Beiträge zur Rechtswissenschaft 66).
Die Aufrichtung der Kapitalherrschaft in der abendländischen Geschichte (1924, thesis).
"Über monopolistische und nichtmonopolistische Wirtschaftsverbände", Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik 59 (1928), 291–321.
"Ueberproduktion, fixe Kosten und Kartellierung", Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik 60 (1928), 382–395.
Amerikanische und deutsche Löhne: eine Untersuchung über die Ursachen des hohen Lohnstandes in den Vereinigten Staaten (Julius Springer, 1930).
Das Kartellproblem im Licht der deutschen Kartellliteratur (Duncker & Humblot, 1931).
"Germany and Europe", Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs 9 (1930), 23–50.
"The Crisis of the Democratic Régime in Germany", International Affairs 11 (1932), 757–783.
Britain and France Between Two Wars: Conflicting Strategies of Peace Since Versailles (Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1940); revised edition (W. W. Norton, 1966)
The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order (Harcourt Brace, 1946) [co-author with Bernard Brodie, Frederick Sherwood Dunn, William T. R. Fox, Percy Ellwood Corbett]
The Anglo-American Tradition in Foreign Affairs (Yale University Press, 1956) [co-editor with Laurence W. Martin]
Alliance Policy in the Cold War (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1959) [editor]
Developments in Military Technology and Their Impact on United States Strategy and Foreign Policy (Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research for U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1959) [co-author with Paul Nitze and James E. King]
Discord and Collaboration: Essays on International Politics'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1962)
Bibliography
References
External links
Guide to the Arnold Oscar Wolfers Papers – Yale University Library
Entry at Personenlexikon Internationale Beziehungen virtuell (in German)
Interview with Arnold Wolfers (in German) in the online archive of the Österreichische Mediathek
1892 births
1968 deaths
University of Zurich alumni
University of Giessen alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
20th-century Swiss lawyers
Swiss military officers
Swiss emigrants to Germany
Swiss economists
Swiss political scientists
Swiss emigrants to the United States
American people of Swiss-German descent
Yale University faculty
Yale Sterling Professors
Johns Hopkins University people
People from the canton of St. Gallen
People from Berlin
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
People from Hancock County, Maine
Writers from Washington, D.C.
International relations scholars
American political philosophers
20th-century American philosophers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Historians from Connecticut
Deutsche Hochschule für Politik faculty
20th-century political scientists |
17329235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tame%20bear | Tame bear | A tame bear, often called a dancing bear, is a wild bear captured when young, or born and bred in captivity, and used to entertain people in streets or taverns. Dancing bears were commonplace throughout Europe and Asia from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, and can still be found in the 21st century in some countries.
Dancing bears
History
In Ancient Rome, bears and monkeys were led to dance and perform tricks for the public. Dancing bears were commonplace in the Indian subcontinent for centuries. The last of them were freed in 2009.
In Russia and Siberia, cubs were for centuries captured for being used as dancing bears accompanying tavern musicians (skomorokhi), as depicted in the Travels of Adam Olearius.
Dancing bears were widespread throughout Europe from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. They were still present on the streets of Spain in 2007, and in Eastern Europe.
Recently, organizations and animal rights activists have worked to outlaw or eliminate tame bears, since the practice is seen as cruel and antiquated, citing mistreatment and abuse used in order to train the bears.
French bear handlers
Traveling with a bear was very popular in France at the end of the 19th century, between 1870 and 1914. More than 600 men from Ariege in the French Pyrenees trained a bear cub found in the mountains near their home. Among them, 200 traveled to North America arriving at the ports of New York, Quebec, Montreal and Halifax from the ports of Liverpool, Glasgow and Belfast. They would leave their home early in spring, walking from the Pyrenees through France and England, earning money for the crossing in order to arrive in North America in May or June.
Gallery
In popular culture
The popular children's television show, Captain Kangaroo , featured a character known as "Dancing Bear."
The concept has entered into the lexicon in the form of the common proverb; "The marvel is not that the bear dances well, but that the bear dances at all."
Randy Newman's song "Simon Smith and the Amazing Dancing Bear" is about a humble young man who entertains high society with his tame bear.
A dancing bear features at the end of Cormac McCarthy’s 1985 Western novel Blood Meridian and is shot in a saloon by a drunkard.
In The Simpsons episode “Marge on the Lam,” Homer Simpson and Lenny Leonard both misremember ballet as “the bear in the little car.”
Rafi Zabor's novel The Bear Comes Home is a fictional story about a bear trained to play jazz saxophone.
The Joanna Newsom song “Monkey & Bear” concerns a bear named Ursala who is deceived by the Monkey into dancing for children.
The animated movie Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted features a bear named Sonya who is trained to ride a unicycle. Sonya is considerably more animalistic than the other anthropomorphic animals in the film.
See also
Iomante
The Bear Comes Home
Ursari
Bear-baiting
Corbinian's Bear
Wojtek (bear)
References
Bears
Animal rights
Animals in entertainment
Animal training
Cruelty to animals |
6900745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Collins%20%28Irish%20author%29 | Michael Collins (Irish author) | Michael Collins (born 4 June 1964) is an Irish novelist and international ultra-distance runner. His novel The Keepers of Truth was shortlisted for the 2000 Booker Prize. He has also won the Irish Novel of the Year Award and the Lucien Barriere Literary Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival. Collins is a graduate of Oxford University.
Early life and education
Collins was born in Limerick. He earned an athletic scholarship to University of Notre Dame and received his PhD in Creative Writing from the Oxford University.
Athletics
A former member of the Irish National Team for the 100k distance (62.2 miles), Collins holds the Irish national masters record over the 100k distance. As captain of the Irish National Team in 2010, he won a bronze medal at the World 100k Championships held in Gibraltar. He has also won The 100-mile Himalayan Stage Race and The Mount Everest Challenge Marathon, along with The Last Marathon in Antarctica, and The North Pole Marathon.
Works
The Meat Eaters (short stories, also published as The Man who Dreamt of Lobsters), 1992
The Life and Times of a Teaboy, 1993
The Feminists Go Swimming, 1994,
Emerald Underground, 1998
The Keepers of Truth, 2000
The Resurrectionists, 2003
Lost Souls, 2004
Death of a Writer (British title: The Secret Life of E. Robert Pendleton), 2006
Midnight in a Perfect Life (British title), 2010
The New Existence (British title: The Death of all Things Seen), 2016
Referenten
External links
Michael Collins official website
Profile, runnersworld.com
1964 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Irish expatriates in the United States
Irish male long-distance runners
Writers from Limerick (city)
Irish ultramarathon runners
Irish male novelists
Male ultramarathon runners |
17329236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Martins%20Rodrigues | Francisco Martins Rodrigues | Francisco Martins Rodrigues (1927, Moura - April 22, 2008) was a Portuguese anti-Fascist resistant and the founder of the Portuguese Marxist-Leninist Committee in 1964, which was one of the country's first major Marxist-Leninist organizations. Rodrigues was imprisoned numerous times by the PIDE, including a long prison term between 1965 and the Carnation Revolution in April 1974. On January 3, 1960, he, Álvaro Cunhal, and eight others escaped from Peniche Fortress to the great embarrassment of the government.
Francisco Martins Rodrigues died of cancer in Lisbon, Portugal, on April 22, 2008, at the age of 81. His funeral and cremation was held at the Cemitério do Alto São João.
References
External links
Publico: Francisco Martins Rodrigues dies
1927 births
2008 deaths
People from Moura, Portugal
Portuguese Communist Party politicians
Portuguese anti-fascists
Deaths from cancer in Portugal |
17329238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clambake%20Club%20of%20Newport | Clambake Club of Newport | The Clambake Club of Newport is a historic private club at 353 Tuckerman Avenue in Middletown, Rhode Island.
Building
The club's main building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. It is located at the tip of Easton's Point, dividing Easton Bay and Sachuest Bay on the southern coast of Middletown, with fine views of Newport's mansions. The club, organized in 1895, first leased land at this site, then purchased it in 1903, building its first purpose-built clubhouse c. 1903–07. This building was significantly damaged by the New England Hurricane of 1938. The clubhouse was rebuilt in 1939; club records indicate a design for a substantially new building was prepared by William L. Van Alen.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
Buildings and structures completed in 1907
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Middletown, Rhode Island
Clubs and societies in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
20466208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellit | Satellit | "Satellit" (), known in English as "Satellite", is a soft rock song written by Swedish composer and singer Ted Gärdestad and lyricist Kenneth Gärdestad. Originally performed by Ted, the song was performed in its native language as the entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1979, finishing in 17th place.
Background
Ted Gärdestad produced his first four albums together with Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus of ABBA, which featured backing vocals by Agnetha Fältskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad, and were released on the record label Polar. Ted, along with his elder brother and lyricist Kenneth, had previously competed in Melodifestivalen, the Swedish pre-selections, three times before winning; in 1973 with "Oh, vilken härlig dag", finishing in fourth place, in 1975 with "Rockin' 'n' Reelin'", finishing in seventh place, and in 1977 when he and brother Kenneth wrote Lena Andersson's entry "Det bästa som finns", which finished in eighth place.
Song production
The midtempo rock track, originally composed with English lyrics, has a chorus that starts with "I feel like a satellite, high in the sky, and now I understand how small the world really is" and the verses include phrases like "just like the earth and the moon we're attracted to each other" and "when the sun sets I really need your warmth". The song, arranged and produced by guitarist Janne Schaffer, features a guitar and bass riff influenced by Toto's 1978 hit "Hold the Line".
During a recording session in Los Angeles, California for Gärdestad's 1978 studio album Blue Virgin Isles, four of the band members, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Porcaro, David Hungate and Steve Lukather were present in the session when Janne Schaffer heard the quartet experiment with the riffs that would evolve into "Hold the Line". Schaffer was inspired by the session, which led to his arrangement for Gärdestad's song "Satellit". Due to the perceived similarities between "Satellit" and "Hold the Line", Gärdestad's song caused disputes over the qualification for the Eurovision Song Contest. In February 1979, during an Aftonbladet interview with Jeff Porcaro, Porcaro denied the notion of Gärdestad's song being a rip-off of "Hold the Line": "No, it's not a rip-off, Ted did not steal our song. Those piano triplets and that bass and guitar line go back to the 1950s and the fact that we both have happened to use variations on the same theme in our songs right now is purely coincidental.
Both the English language and the Swedish language versions of "Satellit" were recorded at Polar Studios, Stockholm in 1979. The English-language version of the track, "Satellite", was included on subsequent editions of the album, which was issued in both Europe, Australasia and Japan.
Personnel
Personnel per liner notes of 1979 Epic Records reissue of Blue Virgin Isles.
Ted Gärdestad – lead vocals, backing vocals, producer
Stefan Nilsson – piano, keyboards
Janne Schaffer – guitars, producer, arranger
Mike Watson – bass guitar
Roger Palm – drums, percussions
Malando Gassama – percussions
Lars Samuelsson – string arrangement
Rose-Marie Gröning – backing vocals
Liza Öhman – backing vocals
Diana Nunez – backing vocals
Lennart Sjöholm – backing vocals
Peter Lundblad – backing vocals
Eurovision performance
The song was performed as entry number fifteen on the night, following ' Xandra with "Colorado" and preceding 's Anita Skorgan with "Oliver". At the close of voting, it had received 8 points, placing it 17th in a field of 19, making it Sweden's second lowest placing in the contest at that point in time. Despite this the song counts as one of Gärdestad's signature tunes, the Swedish version of the song was a Top 10 hit on the singles chart and it also spent two weeks on the Svensktoppen radio chart.
Aftermath
Gärdestad returned to Melodifestivalen the following year with "Låt solen värma dig" ("Let The Sun Warm You"), sung as a duet with then girlfriend Annica Boller. The song finished fifth in the pre-selections and "Satellit" was succeeded as Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest at the 1980 contest by Tomas Ledin with "Just nu!". An English language solo version of "Låt solen värma dig", entitled "Let The Sun Shine Through", was included on Gärdestad's second international album I'd Rather Write a Symphony and a Swedish solo version on 1981's Stormvarning.
Charts
Sources
Citations
Eurovision songs of 1979
Melodifestivalen songs of 1979
Eurovision songs of Sweden
Ted Gärdestad songs
Swedish-language songs
1979 songs
Polar Music singles
1979 singles
Songs about outer space
Songs written by Ted Gärdestad |
20466209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20F.%20Martin | William F. Martin | William Martin (born February 16, 1957 in Bethesda, Maryland) is an American botanist and microbiologist, currently Head of the Institut für Molekulare Evolution, Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf.
Born in Bethesda, Maryland, Martin was educated at Richland College, Dallas, Texas, and Texas A&M University. After working as a carpenter in Dallas, Martin moved to Hannover, Germany, and obtained his university Diploma from Technische Universität Hannover in 1985. Martin's PhD is from Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Cologne, where he did postdoctoral research, followed by further postdoctoral work at Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, where he obtained his Habilitation in 1992. In 1999, Martin became full (C4) professor at Universität Düsseldorf.
Martin is a distinguished and sometimes controversial contributor to the field of molecular evolution and the origin of life. He is known particularly for his work on the evolution of the Calvin cycle and plastids including chloroplasts, and, more generally, for contributions to understanding the origin and evolution of eukaryotic cells. Martin is co-author, with Miklos Mueller of Rockefeller University, of the 1998 paper The Hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote. A wealth of subsequent research papers include contributions, independently and with Michael J. Russell of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, to understanding the geochemical origins of cells and their biochemical pathways. Martin's work is well cited (nearly 30,000 times) and he has an h-index of 95.
Awards
1990: Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Preis of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
1997: Technology Transfer Prize, Industrie und Handelskammer Braunschweig
1998: Miescher-Ishida Prize of the International Society of Endocytobiology
2017: Spiridion Brusina Medal of the Croatian Society of Natural Sciences.
2018: Preis der Klüh Stiftung
Honours
2000-2007 Foreign Associate, CIAR Programme in Evolutionary Biology
2001- Faculty 1000 Member for Plant Genomes and Evolution
2006- Elected Fellow, American Academy for Microbiology
2006-2009 Julius von Haast Fellow of the New Zealand Ministry for Research, Science and Technology
2008 Elected Member of the Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Selected publications
Madeline C. Weiss, Filipa L. Sousa, Natalia Mrnjavac, Sinje Neukirchen, Mayo Roettger, Shijulal Nelson-Sathi & William F. Martin: The physiology and habitat of the last universal common ancestor, Nature Microbiology (2016)
References
External links
Molecular Evolution
Evolutionary biologists
Protistologists
Texas A&M University alumni
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
University of Hanover alumni
People from Bethesda, Maryland
1957 births
Living people
21st-century American biologists
Richland College alumni |
17329265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris%20Jenner | Kris Jenner | Kristen Mary Jenner ( Houghton , formerly Kardashian; born November 5, 1955) is an American media personality, socialite, and businesswoman. She rose to fame starring in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians (2007–2021).
She has four children from her first marriage to lawyer Robert Kardashian: Kourtney, Kim, Khloé and Robert, and two children from her second marriage to television personality and retired Olympic Games medalist Bruce Jenner (now Caitlyn): Kendall and Kylie.
Early life
Jenner was born in San Diego, California, on November 5, 1955, the elder of two children born to Mary Jo "M. J." Shannon (née Campbell; born 1934), who owned a children's clothing store, and Robert True "Bob" Houghton (1931–1975), an engineer. When she was seven years old, M. J. and Bob divorced, and she and her younger sister, Karen Casey (née Houghton; born 1958), were raised by their mother. M. J. would eventually remarry, to businessman Harry Shannon (1926–2003), who helped raise her and Karen. By her mother's marriage to Harry, she gained a half-brother, Steven "Steve" Shannon.
Three months after moving to Oxnard, California, Shannon's business partner allegedly left with all the company's capital, so the family moved back to San Diego. In San Diego, Jenner worked at Shannon & Company, a children's clothing store that belonged to her mother. Jenner attended Clairemont High School and graduated in 1973. In 1975, Jenner lost her biological father Robert Houghton in a car crash at nineteen years old. She worked for American Airlines as a flight attendant for a year in 1976.
Television career
Keeping Up with the Kardashians
Jenner met with Ryan Seacrest in 2007 to pursue a reality television show based on her family. Seacrest, who had his own production company, decided to develop the idea, having the popular family-based show The Osbournes in his mind. Jenner further commented on the possible series:
The show eventually was picked up to air on the E! cable network, with Jenner acting as the executive producer. The series focused on the personal and professional lives of the Kardashian–Jenner blended families. The series debuted on October 14, 2007 and became one of the longest-running reality television shows in the country. The final (twentieth) season premiered on March 18, 2021. The show resulted in the development of several spin-offs, such as Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami (2009), Kourtney and Kim Take New York (2011), Khloé & Lamar (2011), Rob & Chyna (2016), and Life of Kylie (2017)
Kris
Jenner hosted a pop culture-driven daytime talk show, Kris. The series began its six-week trial summer run on several Fox-owned stations on July 15, 2013.
Kanye West, her then-son-in-law through his marriage to Kim, revealed the first public picture of Jenner's granddaughter North West on the show. The show's six-week trial run was not extended.
The Kardashians
On December 31, 2021, it was announced that Jenner and her family would be appearing in a new series on Hulu called The Kardashians. It debuted on April 14, 2022. In July 2022, Hulu announced that the show would be returning for a second season which aired on September 22, 2022.
Other ventures
Business
Jenner runs her own production company, Jenner Communications, which is based in Los Angeles. Since before the start of Keeping Up with the Kardashians, she has managed her daughters' Kim, Kourtney, Khloe, Kendall, and Kylie's career. She also is involved with the business management of her other daughters and son.
Jenner opened a children's boutique in 2004 with her eldest daughter, Kourtney. The boutique was called "Smooch" and was open for almost six years before closing down in 2009. In 2011, Jenner launched a clothing line, Kris Jenner Kollection with QVC. Jenner had previously sold exercise equipment with QVC in the 1990s. In April 2020, Jenner teamed up with daughter Kim to launch a perfume collaboration titled KKW x Kris.
Writing
Jenner's autobiography, Kris Jenner... and All Things Kardashian, was released in November 2011. She later wrote a cookbook entitled In the Kitchen with Kris: A Kollection of Kardashian-Jenner Family Favorites, which was released in October 2014.
Public image
Jenner has often been referred to as the "matriarch" of the family. Dimitri Ehrlich of Interview magazine called her "the matriarch of the Kardashian-Jenner brood" and the "21st century's preeminent female pop-cultural brand-builder." Jenner explained her operations as a businesswoman in her memoir Kris Jenner...And All Things Kardashian: "I started to look at our careers like pieces on a chessboard...Every day, I woke up and walked into my office and asked myself, 'What move do you need to make today?' It was very calculated. My business decisions and strategies were very intentional, definite and planned to the nth degree."
Jenner has been featured on the covers of numerous lifestyle and fashion magazines, including CR Fashion Book, Redbook, Cosmopolitan, Harper's Bazaar, The Hollywood Reporter, Es Magazine, Variety, New You, Haute Living, WSJ. Magazine and Stellar.
Personal life
Marriages, relationships, and family
Jenner's first marriage was to lawyer Robert Kardashian (who later became widely known for his early legal representation of O. J. Simpson) on July 8, 1978. They have four children: daughters Kourtney (born 1979), Kim (born 1980), Khloé (born 1984), and son Rob (born 1987). They divorced in March 1991 but remained close friends until his death from esophageal cancer in 2003.
In 2012, Jenner confessed that she had an affair with former soccer player and animator Todd Waterman during her marriage to Kardashian. She referred to Waterman as "Ryan" in her autobiography, but he revealed his identity on his own. They had an encounter on Keeping up with the Kardashians while Kris was having a tennis lesson.
In April 1991, one month after her divorce from Kardashian, Jenner married her second spouse, retired Olympian Bruce Jenner, who publicly came out as a transgender woman in 2015, taking the name Caitlyn. They have two daughters together: Kendall (born 1995) and Kylie (born 1997); in her autobiography, Jenner explained that she named her daughter Kendall Nicole after the late Nicole Brown Simpson. By marriage to Bruce, Jenner also had four stepchildren: Burt, Cassandra "Casey", Brandon, and Brody.
The Jenners announced their separation in October 2013, and on September 22, 2014, Kris filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. The divorce became final on March 23, 2015, because of a six-month state legal requirement. Jenner described the breakup with Caitlyn as "the most passive-aggressive thing", saying that while she had known of Caitlyn's use of hormones in the 1980s, "there wasn't a gender issue. Nobody mentioned a gender issue."
Jenner has ten grandchildren. She has been in a relationship with Corey Gamble since around 2014.
O. J. Simpson trial
Jenner and her family suffered emotional turmoil during the O. J. Simpson trial (1994–1995), later described as the "Trial of the Century." Jenner was a good friend of O.J.'s ex-wife, Nicole Brown, and Jenner's first husband, Robert Kardashian, was one of O.J. Simpson's "Dream Team" of defense lawyers during the trial.
She was portrayed by American actress Selma Blair in the FX limited series American Crime Story: The People v. O. J. Simpson, which premiered in February 2016.
California Community Church
Jenner and Pastor Brad Johnson founded the California Community Church in 2012. It originally was called the Life Change Community Church, located in Agoura Hills, California.
Filmography
As herself
As producer
In music videos
References
External links
1955 births
American Christians
American socialites
Living people
Participants in American reality television series
People from San Diego
Kris
Kris
Flight attendants
American women in business |
44496760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppen | Hoppen | Hoppen is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dave Hoppen (born 1964), American basketball player
Kelly Hoppen (born 1959), British interior designer, writer, and entrepreneur
Larry Hoppen (1951–2012), American musician
See also
Hopper (surname)
Joppen |
20466235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20C.%20Pugh | Isaac C. Pugh | Isaac Campbell Pugh (November 23, 1805 – November 19, 1874) was a United States volunteer soldier who was a veteran of the Black Hawk War, the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War; rising to the rank of Brevet brigadier general.
Early life
Pugh was born in Christian County, Kentucky. He moved to Macon County, Illinois and became a private and served during the Black Hawk War. In 1846 he became a captain in the 4th Illinois Volunteer Regiment during the Mexican War and was mustered out of the volunteer service the following year.
Civil War
Fort Donelson
Pugh's most notable military service came during the American Civil War. He volunteered and became the captain of Company A of the 8th Illinois Infantry Regiment when it was mustered in on 23 April 1861. When the 8th was demobilized three months later, he formed the 41st Illinois Volunteer Regiment which he commanded as colonel, and would chiefly be associated with for the rest of the war. Pugh led the regiment into action at the Battle of Fort Donelson fighting as part of John McArthur's brigade on the extreme right of the Union line.
Shiloh
After Fort Donelson the 41st Illinois was assigned to the 1st Brigade in Stephen A. Hurlbut's 4th Division of the Army of the Tennessee. Shortly after the fighting began at the Battle of Shiloh, the 1st Brigade's commander Col. Nelson G. Williams was severely wounded and command of the brigade was turned over to Pugh. Colonel Pugh ably led the brigade through the two days of fighting at Shiloh in the vicinity of "Bloody Pond".
Vicksburg and Jackson
After Shiloh, General Jacob G. Lauman was transferred to command the brigade and Pugh returned to command of his regiment. He led his unit in the subsequent Siege of Corinth and the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge. When General Lauman was elevated to command of the 4th Division, Pugh again assumed command of the 1st Brigade. Pugh's brigade and the rest of the division were assigned to the XVI Corps during the Siege of Vicksburg and the following expedition against Jackson, Mississippi. During the Jackson Expedition, General Lauman ordered Pugh to make an attack against Brig. Gen. Daniel W. Adams' entrenched brigade. This attack resulted in heavy casualties for Pugh's brigade and Lauman was subsequently relieved of command.
Furlough and Atlanta Campaign
Pugh continued in brigade command until October 1863 when the veteran officers and soldiers of the 41st Illinois were granted a furlough while the new recruits in the regiment fought in the Red River Campaign and at Tupelo. Pugh returned to active duty with the veterans of the regiment in 1864. Instead of reuniting the entire regiment in Mississippi, Pugh commanded the so-called "Veterans Battalion" of the 41st Illinois and was sent to Georgia to join William T. Sherman's campaign against Atlanta. Pugh's Veteran Battalion was assigned to railroad guard duty near Marietta, Georgia. Pugh briefly commanded the 2nd Brigade, 4th Division in the XVII Corps which was composed of regiments primarily on guard duty in Georgia. He was mustered out of the volunteer service with the rest of his regiment on August 20, 1864.
Command History
1st Brigade, 4th Division, Army of the Tennessee (6–7 April 1862)
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XIII Corps (1 Nov-18 Dec 1862)
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XVII Corps (18 Dec 1862-20 Jan 1863)
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XVI Corps (20 Jan-28 July 1863)
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XIII Corps (28 July-17 Aug 1863)
1st Brigade, 4th Division, XVII Corps (17 Aug-24 Oct 1863)
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, XVIII Corps (4–19 July 1864)
Later life
Pugh returned to his home in Decatur, Illinois and served as a clerk and postmaster there before his death on November 19, 1874. He is buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Decatur.
See also
List of American Civil War brevet generals
Notes
References
Eicher, John H., & Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, .
1805 births
1874 deaths
American people of the Black Hawk War
People from Decatur, Illinois
People from Christian County, Kentucky
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Union Army colonels
United States Army officers |
20466245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Age%20of%20the%20Earth | The Age of the Earth | The Age of the Earth () is a 1980 avant-garde film directed by Glauber Rocha.
Cast
Maurício do Valle as John Brahms
Jece Valadão as Indigenous Christ
Antonio Pitanga as Black Christ
Tarcísio Meira as Military Christ
Geraldo Del Rey as Guerilla Christ
Ana Maria Magalhães as Aurora Madalena
Norma Bengell as Amazonas' Queen
Carlos Petrovich as the Devil
Mário Gusmão as Babalawo
Danuza Leão
Paloma Rocha
Production
Rocha started the film in 1975 and planned to shoot it in Los Angeles, and subsequently proposed it in Paris, Rome, Mexico and Venezuela, but was unable to obtain financial support. It was finally shot in Bahia, Distrito Federal, and Rio de Janeiro.
Reception
It was Rocha's last film and the one that caused the most controversy. Because it was produced by Embrafilme, a state company, during the Brazilian military dictatorship, it was boycotted by critics and "crucified at the 1980 Venice Film Festival", where it was nominated for the Golden Lion.
References
External links
1980s avant-garde and experimental films
1980 drama films
1980 films
Brazilian avant-garde and experimental films
Brazilian drama films
Films directed by Glauber Rocha
Films shot in Brasília
Films shot in Rio de Janeiro (city)
1980s Portuguese-language films |
20466247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3n%20Garc%C3%ADa%20Abril | Antón García Abril | Antón García Abril OAXS (19 May 1933 – 17 March 2021) was a Spanish composer and musician. He composed many classical orchestral works, chamber and vocal pieces, as well as over 150 scores for film and television.
Biography
Between 1974 and 2003, he was the head of the department of Compositions and Musical Forms (Composición y Formas Musicales) of the Madrid Royal Conservatory, and in 1982 he was elected a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid. In 1994, he was awarded Spain's Premio Nacional de Música for composition, and in 2008, he was also named a member of the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos in Valencia.
He died on 17 March 2021, at the age of 87 from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
Works
García Abril has composed as many orchestral works as he has chamber and vocal pieces, and he has composed music for films and television series such as El hombre y la Tierra, Fortunata y Jacinta, Anillos de oro, Segunda enseñanza, Brigada Central, Ramón y Cajal, La ciudad no es para mí and Compuesta y sin novio.
In 1966, he composed the soundtrack for the film Texas, Adios, a Spaghetti Western starring Franco Nero. Also, in 1969, he worked alongside Rafael Romero Marchent, a film director from Madrid, on the soundtrack of the movie Awkward Hands, another Spaghetti Western. He also composed the music for Amando de Ossorio's Blind Dead series of films, being Tombs of the Blind Dead (1972), Return of the Blind Dead (1973), The Ghost Galleon (1974) and Night of the Seagulls (1975).
Compositions
1969. Twelve songs to texts by Rafael Alberti (for voice and orchestra)
1972. Hemeroscopium (for orchestra)
1976. Concierto aguediano (for guitar and orchestra)
1985. Evocaciones (for solo guitar)
1986. Concierto mudéjar (for guitar and orchestra)
1987. Vademecum (a collection of 12 pieces for the guitar)
1992. Divinas palabras (opera after Ramón del Valle-Inclán, premiered 1997 with Plácido Domingo)
1994. Concierto (for piano and orchestra)
1996. Nocturnos de la Antequeruela (for piano and orchestra)
1999. Concierto de las tierras altas (for cello and orchestra)
2001. Concierto de la Malvarrosa (for flute, piano and strings)
2007. Alba de los caminos (for piano and string quintet)
2012. Cantos de Ordesa, Concerto for viola and orchestra
Music for films and television
Between 1956 and 1994, Antón García Abril created more than 150 compositions for movies and television. He has provided soundtracks for the films:
1962. La muerte silba un blues
1964. La chica del trébol
1965 La corrida (Documentary short)
1965 Un vampiro para dos
1965 El tímido
1965 El cálido verano del Sr. Rodríguez
1966. La ciudad no es para mí
1966. Texas, Adios
1967. Maneater of Hydra
1967. The Cobra
1967. Sor Citroën
1969. Awkward Hands
1971. The Werewolf vs. The Vampire Woman
1972. Tombs of the Blind Dead
1972. Dr. Jekyll y el Hombre Lobo
1972. Pancho Villa
1973. Curse of the Devil
1973. Return of the Blind Dead
1974. The Loreley's Grasp
1974. The Ghost Galleon
1975. A Long Return
1975. Night of the Seagulls
1984. Los santos inocentes
1987. Monsignor Quixote
He also created the soundtracks of the television series:
1974. El hombre y la Tierra
1980. Fortunata y Jacinta
1983. Anillos de oro
1986. Segunda enseñanza
1972. Los camioneros
Honours
Knight Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise (Kingdom of Spain, 16 December 2005).
References
External links
1933 births
2021 deaths
People from Teruel
Academics of the Madrid Royal Conservatory
Madrid Royal Conservatory alumni
Spanish classical composers
Spanish male classical composers
Spanish film score composers
Male film score composers
Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain |
20466253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurchen | Jurchen | Jurchen may refer to:
Jurchen people, Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century
Haixi Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty
Jianzhou Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty
Wild Jurchens, a grouping of the Jurchens as identified by the Chinese of the Ming Dynasty
Jurchen script, writing system of Jurchen people
Jurchen language, extinct language spoken by Jurchen people
Jin dynasty (1115–1234), also known as the Jurchen Dynasty
Language and nationality disambiguation pages |
6900749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%20Eshed | Eli Eshed | Eli Eshed is an Israeli researcher of popular culture.
Literary criticism
Eli Eshed writes about Israeli pulp magazines and paperbacks of the 1950s and 1960s with a special focus on the pirated Tarzan books popular among Israeli youth at the time which were published anonymously and without authorization from the estate of Edgar Rice Burroughs. In 2000, Eshed published a limited edition of Tarzan in the Holy Land, a history of Tarzan in Hebrew with illustrations.
In 2002, Eshed published From Tarzan to Zbeng about the pulp literature of Israel. This book became a best seller and earned Eshed the title "Writer of the Year" from Maariv. He also researched the adventures of pulp icons such as Patrick Kim, a fictional Korean CIA agent who uses karate against a variety of enemies worldwide.
In 2003, Eshed co-published The Golem: A Story of an Israeli Comicbook with Israeli comics artist Uri Fink. The Golem is a Hebrew super-hero who works alongside a beautiful woman super-heroine, Lilith.
The book traces the history of the series since the 1940s, when it was drawn by the young comics artist Jack Kirby (Jacob Kurtzberg in that alternative reality), who immigrated to Palestine. The Golem collaborates with real-life Israeli personalities like Yitzhak Rabin, Moshe Dayan and Ariel Sharon, as well as fictional characters like Tarzan and well-known Israeli fictional heroes like Danny Din the invisible boy. Gil Biderman created a song and an animated clip sung by award-winning artist Yasmin Even about the Golem’s adventures. Both imitate the style of the 1970s.
Though imaginary, the book is based on real events and personalities in the world of Hebrew popular culture, featuring Pinchas Sadeh, Asher Dickstein, and Etgar Keret. Israeli literary critic Menachem Ben called it“a master work of Israeli mythology,“ and screenwriter and producer Alon Rozenblum called it "a must-have book in every home."
References
External links
The Golem comic-strip
Comics critics
Israeli comics writers
Living people
Israeli literary critics
Bar-Ilan University alumni
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23572543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Route%20185 | New Jersey Route 185 | Route 185 is a short one-block-long state highway in Jersey City in the U.S. state of New Jersey, between Route 440 and Linden Avenue. Route 185 is a freeway in the Greenville neighborhood of Jersey City. It is parallel to Interstate 78 (the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike) on the eastern side. On Route 440, signs pointing the way to Route 185 imply that the highway runs directly to Liberty State Park. In reality, the freeway ends at Linden Avenue, and travelers must journey one city block west to Caven Point Road, which continues north to Liberty State Park. At Route 185's junction with Route 440, the thru lanes of the Route 440 freeway northbound actually continue north as Route 185, and traffic wishing to continue on Route 440 must actually exit the freeway. Route 185 opened on February 25, 1988, at only 23% of its proposed routing.
Route description
Route 185 begins at a trumpet interchange with Route 440 and Harbor Drive in Jersey City. The route heads northward, surrounded by the northbound and southbound lanes of Route 440. Route 185 parallels Summit Place and interchanges once again with Route 440. After the interchange on and off ramps, the highway continues into the industrial area of Jersey City, passing over the former Central Railroad of New Jersey alignment and near the Greenville Railroad Yard. Route 185 parallels the New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension (Interstate 78) from this point on, until the designation terminates at an at-grade intersection with Linden Avenue East on Upper New York Bay.
History
Arterial design
The alignment of Route 185 originates as Alternative F-1 and G-1 of the Liberty Harbor–Route 169 Feeder Arterial, proposed in 1977 during the construction of New Jersey Route 169. The alignment was supposed to fork off of Route 169 near Interchange 14A on the Newark Bay Extension, and parallel the extension through the Greenville Railroad Yards. The alignment would parallel Caven Point Road to the south and through the Metropolitan Tank Port before ending at Interchange 14B in Jersey City. The original alignment proposed, Alternative G-4, was to have the freeway run along the alignment of Caven Point Road parallel to the Newark Bay Extension into the Metropolitan Tank Port, but prior to the Final Environmental Impact Statement, the proposal was dropped. The alignment was designed to help serve existing and proposed industry and divert truck traffic from local streets. The alignment of the new arterial was proposed to be with four travel lanes (two in each direction) designed for hourly volume of 3090 vehicles.
Although most of the arterial was proposed as an at-grade highway, the interchange with Route 169 was to be configured so the highway could pass over the Greenville Railroad Yard on a viaduct. The right-of-way for the new Liberty Harbor arterial would be wide and terminate at Interchange 14B, although there was the possibility of turning it into the new Hudson River Route, a project being studied by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.
Construction and recent history
Route 185 was first conceived by the state legislature in 1976, when an addition to the state statutes was passed for a route from Harbor Drive to an intersection with Bayview Avenue in Jersey City. The law passed on July 22, 1976, and the original highway had no designation. The route opened on February 25, 1988, from Route 169 (now Route 440) to an intersection with Linden Avenue, only 23% of its proposed alignment. In 1996, Conti Enterprises was hired for a construction project involving Route 169 and Route 185. Along with the widening of Route 169 to four lanes, this also involved getting acceleration lanes on Route 185 for drivers heading towards Upper New York Bay.
In September 2008, the New Jersey Department of Transportation brought up the possibility of extending Route 185 to Bayview Avenue from its current northern terminus at Linden Avenue. Previous studies have said Route 185 could be extended, or the reverse with the Linden Avenue jog at Liberty State Park be removed. No future plans have been set yet for this truck-efficient plan.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey Highway Ends: Route 185
Speed Limits for State Roads: Route 185
185
Transportation in Jersey City, New Jersey
State highways in the United States shorter than one mile |
6900751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansembourg | Ansembourg | Ansembourg (, ) is a village in the commune of Helperknapp, in western Luxembourg. , the village had a population of 61.
Ansembourg is in part of the Eisch valley known as the Valley of the Seven Castles. The village is the site of two of the seven castles. The New Castle of Ansembourg, located about one kilometre or just over half a mile below the Old Castle, was built by the industrialist Thomas Bidart in 1639 and is now known for its more modern finish and its terraced gardens.
References
Mersch (canton)
Villages in Luxembourg |
20466255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Wasat%20%28Bahraini%20newspaper%29 | Al-Wasat (Bahraini newspaper) | Al-Wasat (), also Alwasat, was an Arabic-language daily newspaper in Manama, Bahrain. Al-Wasat was generally regarded as the only independent newspaper in Bahrain. The newspaper ran for 15 years, during which is provided reporting unique to Bahrain.
The government of Bahrain forcibly closed the newspaper on 4 June 2017, in a move which Amnesty International termed an "all-out campaign to end independent reporting".
History and profile
Al-Wasat was established in 2002. The newspaper was established after the early reforms adopted by King Hamad bin Isa. Allowing a key oppositional figure to establish this newspaper was seen as a key event in the opening up of society. Before Al-Wasat was established, Bahrain had only two Arabic newspapers, Akhbar Al Khaleej and Al Ayam, both of which were viewed as extremely pro-government. Its founders are Mansoor Al-Jamri and leading personalities from the Bahraini private sector. Al-Jamri was the editor-in-chief. He was temporarily forced out of his position between 3 April 2011 until 4 August 2011 during a government crackdown on journalists and the press during the Arab Spring.
Al-Wasat was the most popular newspaper in Bahrain and was generally regarded as the only daily that does not take a loyalist stand to the Bahraini government. It was the first Bahraini newspaper to reflect opposing viewpoints.
The paper was ranked as the top newspaper in terms of circulation and impact in the kingdom of Bahrain by the Pan-Arab Research Center in its survey in 2012. The paper was ranked of the top of index of credibility by the "Media Credibility Index" issued by Next Century Foundation in London on 5 May 2012. The paper's online version was the 15th most visited website for 2010 in the MENA region.
Awards
Mansoor Al-Jamri is recipient of the CPJ International Press Freedom Awards in 2011 and the International Media Peace Award 2012.
In addition, the newspaper won several awards, including a European Award on 8 December 2011, MENA photojournalism award, UNICEF regional award for electronic media on 28 September 2011, the 15th strongest MENA newspaper on the Internet according to Forbes Middle East on 27 October 2010, Arab Journalism Award on 13 May 2010, Bahrain's electronic media, and Award on 13 March 2009.
Al Wasat was ranked top of the "Media Credibility Index" issued by the Next Century Foundation in May 2012. The paper was identified by the Pan-Arab Research Centre (PARC) in 2012 as the most widely read newspaper in Bahrain. Its editor-in-chief, Mansoor Al-Jamri also received the International Media Peace Award in London on 5 May 2012.
Controversy
On 15 March 2011, the newspaper's printing office was attacked by mobs carrying knives and clubs. This came after recent 2011 Bahraini protests as some pro-government supporters attacked Al Wasat'''s oppositional views on recent events. The attack happened in the early hours of Tuesday morning after days of harassment of staff and journalists by some pro-government supporters.
Following a talk show on Bahrain television on 2 April 2011, which allegedly accused fabrications by the newspaper in its reporting of 2011 protests in Bahrain, Al-Wasat was suspended for one day and put under investigation by Bahrain's Information Affairs Authority. Al Wasat newspaper was accused of using old footage and articles when reporting on current events following the Bahraini protests. The Associated Press reported on 3 April that Al Wasat did not publish, following a message on state TV that the Information Ministry had ordered the paper to shut down. According to the state-run Bahrain News Agency, government officials again accused Al-Wasat of "unethical" coverage.
The day after the suspension, the board of directors of the paper announced they had accepted the resignation of Mansoor Al-Jamri as editor in chief, and Nouwehed as managing editor and head of local news (Aqeel Mirza). The new editor in chief would be Obaidaly AlObaidaly, a columnist for the paper. The newspaper restarted on 4 April 2011.
Al Jamri spoke to the Financial Times following these events and contended that allegations against his newspaper were part of a "sustained campaign" against this specific publication. He explained that there is a possibility of a double agent that was planted in the newspaper to spread fabrications. Bahrain's Information Affairs Authority filed a legal case based on Bahrain's law regarding press, printing and publishing. The General Prosecution summoned Mansoor Al Jamri, managing editor Walid Nouwehed and head of local news Aqeel Mirza for questioning. They were charged with publishing fabricated stories which "harmed public safety and national interests". Prosecutor General Ali bin Fadhl Al Bouainain indicated that they would stand trial when investigations have been completed.
Al Jamri explained in an interview with Al-Hurra Satellite that on 3 April 2011, an official ordered the newspaper's board to dismiss the editor-in-chief and key staff, two non-Bahraini staff were forcibly deported on 4 April 2011 and a detailed a series of official intimidation to the newspaper.
Karim Fakhrawi, one of the founders of Al Wasat, was detained on 3 April 2011 and according to the BICI report he died under torture on 12 April 2011.
The public announcement indicated that Fakhrawi died of kidney failure, but according to the Committee to Protect Journalists, pictures showed bruises on his body.
On 4 August 2011, the board of directors reinstated Mansoor Al-Jamri back as editor-in-chief of the newspaper. The investors' general meeting held on 7 August 2011 reaffirmed the strategic direction of Al Wasat'' newspaper.
In June 2017 the newspaper was banned by the Bahraini government on accusations that it "sows division".
References
2002 establishments in Bahrain
2017 disestablishments in Bahrain
Arabic-language newspapers
Defunct newspapers published in Bahrain
Mass media in Manama
Newspapers established in 2002
Publications disestablished in 2017
Censorship in Bahrain
Banned newspapers |
23572550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie%20Dupuis | Élie Dupuis | Élie Dupuis is a Canadian musician, film and television performer from the Canadian province of Quebec, best known for his role in the Léa Pool film Mommy Is at the Hairdresser's (Maman est chez le coiffeur). His work as a performer has been recognized by popular Quebec entertainment media such as the French-language version of Canoe.ca.
Biography
Dupuis was born September 8, 1994 and lives in Repentigny, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal. He began to play piano in 2004. In February 2007, Dupuis sent a self-recorded demo containing a medley of songs to the television program La Fureur ("The Furore") of the French-language Canadian television network Radio-Canada, following upon which he was then invited to sing live on the program.
Career
After hearing his performance, filmmaker Léa Pool offered Dupuis one of the principal roles in her film Maman est chez le coiffeur. The film played at theatres throughout Quebec. Dupuis recorded two singles for the film's soundtrack: Bang Bang and The Great Escape, which received radio airplay in Quebec.
He was also approached by the television channel TFO which gave him parts in thirteen episodes of an educational television program called Cinémission.
In 2007, Dupuis was invited to take part in the telethon, "Téléthon Opération Enfant-Soleil," where he met singer Annie Villeneuve. They performed a duet performance in the televised production Annie Villeneuve Acoustique ("Annie Villeneuve unplugged"). Dupuis also appeared in performances at the theatre Hector-Charland, one of which was a fund-raiser for the "Fondation des Auberges du Cœur," an organization involved in providing shelter to homeless young people. In 2012, Dupuis performed at a 30th anniversary tribute honouring the career of Quebec singer Mario Pelchat, who described Dupuis as "a true revelation".
In 2012, he performed his first full show at Montreal's Place des Arts. He debuted two of his own compositions, along with interpretations of a range of pop standards, accompanied by two other musicians and featuring three guest performers. Dupuis is reported to be working on an album with Marc Langis, Celine Dion's bass player.
His first television role was in the series Le club des doigts croisés for television network Radio-Canada. His later television appearances include a 2008 performance on late-night talk show Bons Baisers de France and a 2012 episode of the long-running Quebec series L'auberge du chien noir.
Discography
Maman est chez le coiffeur – 2008 original soundtrack of the film Mommy Is at the Hairdresser's (Maman est chez le coiffeur) by Léa Pool
Dernier Mot – 2018 EP
90 – 2020 EP
Filmography
Mommy Is at the Hairdresser's (Maman est chez le coiffeur) (2008) as Coco Gauvin
Recognition
References
article by Reine Côté in Repentigny newspaper Hebdo Rive Nord (in French)
"Élie Dupuis interprète The Great Escape de Patrick Watson," French-language story on E. Dupuis' soundtrack musicianship, written by Karl Filion of Cinoche.com, "the reference source for cinema in Quebec"
External links
Fan page on Facebook
Agency biographical sketch
List of musical output on Apple Music
:fr:Élie Dupuis
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Male actors from Quebec
People from Repentigny, Quebec |
44496783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.F.C.%20Bridgnorth | A.F.C. Bridgnorth | AFC Bridgnorth is a football club based in the town of Bridgnorth, Shropshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Crown Meadow.
The club badge depicts the town hall in Bridgnorth's high town.
History
Bridgnorth Town
A Bridgnorth Town existed in the 19th century, joining the Shropshire & District League in 1899. Another club by the same name was formed in July 1938 and joined the Worcestershire Combination for the 1938–39 season. However, the club folded after one season due to the outbreak of World War II.
After being refounded, in 1968 the club moved up to the Worcestershire Combination, which had just been renamed the Midland Combination, joining Division One. In 1970–71 the club became one of a small number of English clubs to win the Welsh Amateur Cup, beating Welshpool 2–1 in the final. They were runners-up in 1976–77 and won the league title in 1979–80. After finishing as runners-up again the following season, the club won a second Division One title in 1982–83, earning promotion to the Midland Division of the Southern League.
After thirteen seasons in the Southern League Midland Division, Bridgnorth finished bottom of the table in Southern League and were relegated to the Midland Alliance. They remained in the Alliance until finishing bottom of the league in 2004–05, after which they were relegated to the Premier Division of the Midland Combination. After a season in the Combination the club transferred laterally to the Premier Division of the West Midlands (Regional) League. They were league champions in 2007–08 and were promoted back to the Midland Alliance. Despite finishing seventh in the league in 2012–13, the club folded due to financial problems.
AFC Bridgnorth
After Bridgnorth Town folded, AFC Bridgnorth were established as a replacement. The new club started two levels lower, in Division One of the West Midlands (Regional) League. They won Division One at the first attempt, earning promotion to the Premier Division. In 2014–15 they were Premier Division runners-up, a feat matched the following season. At the end of the 2020–21 season the club were transferred to Division One of the Midland League when the Premier Division of the West Midlands (Regional) League lost its status as a step six division.
Honours
Bridgnorth Town
Midland Combination
Champions 1979–80, 1982–83
West Midlands (Regional) League
Premier Division champions 2007–08
Welsh Amateur Cup
Winners 1970–71
Shropshire Senior Cup
Winners 1985–86
AFC Bridgnorth
West Midlands (Regional) League
Division One champions 2013–14
Records
Bridgnorth Town
Best FA Cup performance: Third qualifying round, 1983–84, 1984–85
Best FA Trophy performance: Second qualifying round, 1994–95
Best FA Vase performance: Fifth round, 1975–76, 1993–94
AFC Bridgnorth
Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary round, 2015–16
Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2015–16
See also
AFC Bridgnorth players
AFC Bridgnorth managers
Bridgnorth Town F.C. players
Bridgnorth Town F.C. managers
References
External links
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Shropshire
Association football clubs established in 2013
2013 establishments in England
Bridgnorth
Bridgnorth
Midland Football Combination
Southern Football League clubs
Midland Football Alliance
Bridgnorth
Midland Football League |
23572555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight%20Night%20%28video%20game%20series%29 | Fight Night (video game series) | Fight Night is a series of boxing video games created by EA Sports. It follows on from their previous series Knockout Kings, produced for various platforms yearly between 1998 and 2003. The series was well received critically, with the PS3 version of Fight Night Round 4 achieving a Metacritic score of 88/100, and several of the games topping sales charts.
Games
See also
Foes of Ali
Knockout Kings
FaceBreaker
EA Sports UFC
References
Boxing video games
EA Sports games
Electronic Arts franchises
Electronic Arts games
Video game franchises introduced in 2004 |
23572558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source%20of%20activation%20confusion%20model | Source of activation confusion model | SAC (source of activation confusion) is a computational model of memory encoding and retrieval. It has been developed by Lynne M. Reder at Carnegie Mellon University. It shares many commonalities with ACT-R.Ilyes le bosse
Structure
SAC specifies a memory representation consisting of a network of both semantic (concept) and perceptual nodes (such as font) and associated episodic (context) nodes. Similar to her husband's (John Anderson) model, ACT-R, the node activations are governed by a set of common computational principles such as spreading activation and the strengthening and decay of activation. However, a unique feature of the SAC model are episode nodes, which are newly formed memory traces that binds the concepts involved with the current experiential context. A recent addition to SAC are assumptions governing the probability of forming an association during encoding. These bindings are affected by working memory resources available.
SAC is considered among a class of dual-process models of memory, since recognition involves two processes: a general familiarity process based on the activation of semantic (concept) nodes and a more specific recollection process based on the activation of episodic (context) nodes. This feature has allowed SAC to model a variety of memory phenomena, such as meta-cognitive (rapid) feeling of knowing judgments, remember-know judgments, the word frequency mirror effect, age-related memory loss perceptual fluency, paired associate recognition and cued recall, as well as account for implicit and explicit memory tasks without positing an unconscious memory system for priming.
Notes
Cognitive architecture |
44496802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moola%20Bulla | Moola Bulla | Moola Bulla Station is a pastoral lease that operates as a cattle station in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is approximately west of Halls Creek and south of Warmun, and occupies an area of . It bisects the watershed of the Fitzroy River and Ord Rivers.
Moola Bulla was established in 1910 as a government-run station for the punishment of Aboriginal people, and remains an area that indigenous peoples avoid. With increasingly bloody conflict between Aborigines and pastoralists, it was hoped that opening a ration station would reduce the need for Aborigines to kill livestock for food, and that they could instead be trained for work on other cattle stations. The station was acquired for £18,061, and a manager and staff were appointed. The station was proclaimed a reserve and used as a camping ground for the local Aboriginal peoples, who were free to come and go as they pleased. The property's name is Aboriginal [which language?] for meat plenty.
By 1912, the property carried a herd of approximately 12,000 head of cattle, and the following year turned off 650 head and slaughtered 400 head for their own consumption. In 1916, it occupied an area of , about long and wide.
The homestead was stocked with 13,000 head of cattle and 500 head of horses in 1916. In 1917 the property recorded over rain, far above the average of the previous few years and guaranteeing a good next season.
By 1920 the property occupied an area of and was stocked with 14,000 cattle. Employees of the station numbered close to 260, of which seven were of European descent. Aboriginal people such as young artist Daisy Andrews and her family, originally from the Walmajarri desert tribe, were sent to work at the station by authorities to prevent them from returning to their former tribal lands.
In 1955, the state government sold the station to Queensland pastoralist Allan Goldman for £100,000. When Goldman bought Moola Bulla station, its 200 Aboriginal residents were given 24 hours to leave, and Moola Bulla sent truckloads of them to United Aborigines Mission at Fitzroy Crossing. Goldman sold the station two years later, for £150,000, to a syndicate of investors including Northern Territory grazier H. J. Mortimer.
Peter Camm had been poised to buy the station, but the deal fell through when he was charged with cattle theft. The property was then acquired in 2001 by a syndicate of investors, including Andrew Cranswick, for 18 million. In 2006, the syndicate sold it to agribusiness company Great Southern Group for an estimated 30 million.
Following Great Southern Group's 2009 collapse, Moola Bulla was sold in 2010 to its former part-owner, the South African Western Australian Pastoral Company (also owner of Beefwood Park) for 20 million, with 25,000 head of cattle.
In December 2014, the pastoral lease, along with Mt. Amhurst, Beefwood Park and Shamrock Stations, was to become part of Gina Rinehart's Liveringa Station Beef company, pending approval of higher stock numbers by the Western Australian Pastoral Board. However, the deal fell through.
In November 2016, the pastoral lease, along with Mt. Amhurst, Beefwood Park and Shamrock Stations, was sold to Consolidated Australian Pastoral Holdings (CAPH).
See also
List of ranches and stations
List of pastoral leases in Western Australia
List of the largest stations in Australia
References
Pastoral leases in Western Australia
Stations (Australian agriculture)
Kimberley (Western Australia)
1910 establishments in Australia |
17329284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20NHK%20Trophy | 1994 NHK Trophy | The 1994 NHK Trophy was held at the Morioka Ice Arena in Morioka on December 8–11. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.
Results
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
External links
1994 NHK Trophy
Nhk Trophy, 1994
NHK Trophy |
44496804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20McCarthy%20%28pianist%29 | Nicholas McCarthy (pianist) | Nicholas McCarthy is a British classical pianist. Born without a right hand, he was the first left-hand-only pianist to graduate from the Royal College of Music in London in its 130-year history.
McCarthy was raised in Tadworth, Surrey. He began his piano studies at 14, and by 17 was accepted into the Junior department at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he won the annual piano prize, on the proviso that he focus on repertoire written specifically for the left hand. He then enrolled in the keyboard department at the Royal College of Music, becoming its first left-hand-only graduate in 2012.
McCarthy was an original member of the Paraorchestra, an ensemble founded by conductor Charles Hazlewood in 2011, which performed alongside Coldplay during the closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London in September 2012. He left the Paraorchestra shortly after to pursue several international solo tours.
On 23 September 2013 McCarthy spoke of his experiences at a TED conference held at the Royal Albert Hall. In 2014 he featured as a guest presenter for the BBC Proms televised broadcast.
On 4 November 2015, McCarthy appeared on BBC Radio 4's Front Row programme, during which he discussed the recording of his debut album Solo, which had recently reached Number 4 in the classical music charts.
Arrangements
Gershwin Summertime (Porgy and Bess) Arranged for the Left Hand Alone
Mascagni Intermezzo (Cavalleria Rusticana) Arranged for the Left Hand Alone
Rachmaninov Prelude Op. 23 No. 5 G minor Arranged for the Left Hand Alone
References
External links
Official website
Living people
English classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Classical pianists who played with one arm
21st-century classical pianists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century British male musicians |
23572564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penallt%20Halt%20railway%20station | Penallt Halt railway station | Penallt Halt was a request stop on the former Wye Valley Railway. It was opened on 1 August 1931 and closed in 1959. Penallt Halt and Redbrook Station were the closest stations on the line with only Penallt Viaduct separating them. Penallt Halt was close to the village of Redbrook.
References
Disused railway stations in Monmouthshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1931
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1959 |
23572569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mess%20of%20Me | Mess of Me | "Mess of Me" is a song written and recorded by the alternative rock band Switchfoot and was the lead single from their seventh studio album, Hello Hurricane. It was shipped to Modern Rock/Alternative, Mainstream rock, and Active rock radio formats, while a music video was sent to all applicable outlets.
Song history
The song was initially called "I Saw Satan Fall Like Lightning," a track Switchfoot demoed during pre-production sessions for Hello Hurricane with Charlie Peacock. It had a more funk feel and had a different sound, though the opening riff was preserved all the way until the final version of the song. This early demo version has since made its way onto the bonus disc, Building a Hurricane.
The song was first performed live at the Big Ticket Festival in Michigan on June 18, 2009, and has since become a regular in Switchfoot's live setlist throughout the 2009 summer festival touring season and beyond.
It was first hinted that the song was going to be the single when Jon Foreman introduced it before playing it live at Kings Fest in Virginia on July 10, 2009, saying "as far as I'm concerned," the song was to be the lead single. On July 13, it was confirmed on switchfoot.com.
Later, on August 5, Jon Foreman and Tim Foreman took the song to producer Rob Cavallo, "working just a touch more" on it. The album track was mixed by Chris Lord-Alge.
Narrated in first person, the song describes the "mess" that imperfect people make of their lives, and a desire "spend the rest of my life alive" (as stated in the chorus). It describes how mistakes are constantly being made, and that the problems in one's life cannot be fixed by drugs or other material things but only oneself. It expresses a desire to improve and become a better person despite the shortfalls that are being made continually.
It also implies a protest against society's obsession with the pharmaceutical industry, which according to Forman has become the new way to "attain never-ending, everlasting, abundant life."
The song's main riff and drums bring an overall more aggressive sound, much like their earlier heavier songs from other albums. It features distorted guitar riffs and heavy drums accompanying often-distorted vocals, with its bridge featuring a drum solo. The song is in the key of e minor.
Release
While "Mess of Me" was scheduled to be released to radio on September 29, the single had already made its way onto rock radio stations throughout the country well in advance. It was first heard on Atlanta's 99X rock station.
On September 1, Switchfoot announced that they would be hiding copies of the new single around the world. The first copy was hidden at Moonlight Beach in San Diego, CA under a palm tree. The band asked fans to make copies of the disks they found, and hide those copies elsewhere. Fans were also encouraged to hide the single online as well. The single has since spread from coast to coast and overseas.
Later, the single was officially released and impacted to radio stations on September 29, and a purchasable digital download of the song was made available the same day on all the major digital outlets. It went on to become their highest-charting song on the Billboard Modern Rock charts since "Dare You to Move" peaked at No. 9 in 2004. The song remained on the charts for 21 weeks before falling off.
On February 16, 2010, the music video debuted at No. 2 on Fuse TV's No. 1 Countdown in the Viewer's Choice category and No. 8 on the Alternative countdown the next day.
Versions
The album was available in several versions/mixes.
The first one, as released on the band's YouTube page and during the "Mess of Me" hunt, was mixed by Chris Lord-Alge and features a denser, fuller mix, with noticeable echoing of vocals and instrumentation in the pre-chorus and following the chorus. This was the mix that was sent to radio stations.
The second version, as released on iTunes, features more prominent vocals and more prominent drums in the pre-chorus, specifically. This would go on to be the album cut.
A third one, that comes with the iTunes preorder of Hello Hurricane, is an acoustic version of the song.
Live performances
Switchfoot performed the song several times on late night television. The band performed the song on Jimmy Kimmel Live! November 12, The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien on December 2, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on January 20, and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 17, 2010.
Music videos
Switchfoot released the first music video for the song on September 9, 2009 to YouTube. It featured live footage taken from their summer Crazy Making Tour. Fans were actively encouraged to promote and spread the video, and it garnered several top honors on the site.
A second music video, the official version, features some of the same clips from the first cut, but had some newer, more refined shots and was more cinematic in nature. It was released to YouTube November 3, 2009. On February 2, Fuse TV added the video to their rotation and No. 1 Countdown voting list, with MTV2 adding it to their rotation on February 22.
Charts
Awards
In 2010, the song was nominated for a Dove Award for Rock Recorded Song of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards.
References
2009 singles
Switchfoot songs
Songs written by Jon Foreman
Songs written by Tim Foreman
2009 songs
Song recordings produced by Mike Elizondo
Song recordings produced by Rob Cavallo
Atlantic Records singles |
23572570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gokomere%20High%20School | Gokomere High School | Gokomere High School is a boarding school sixteen km from Masvingo, Zimbabwe.
It was founded in July 1898 as a centre for vocational training and Sunday School. Secondary education started in 1910 under the captainship of the Jesuit Fathers. The brethren missionaries took over in 1940. One of the schools prestigious achievements is the Diocesan Choir title and the Diocesan Sports Title held at Mukaro Mission in 2016. They won the title 4 times.
Motto: “Vincere Caritate/ Conquer with love”
Boarders are the majority of students at Gokomere High School. Students are mainly from the provinces of Zimbabwe and a very small number from SADC countries. The school is at the heart of the Catholic Diocese of Masvingo so all religious meetings are done there.
The school aims to be a source of qualified 'O' Level students to other schools with 'A' Level facilities, and a source of qualified students for universities, vocational and technical colleges. It offers a College Preparatory program via its "A" Levels program.
Training center
The center was established by Bishop Alois Haene, the then ordinary of Gweru Diocese. After Vatican Council 11, the Catholic Council church's thrust on evangelization was focused on developing the local church. Hence, there was great need to promote lay participation in the life of the church. There were very few indigenous priests, religious brothers and sisters in the diocese. Bishop Alois Haene decided to open a training centre which would train lay leaders who were intended to be agents of change from the Catholic Church before Vatican Council 11 to a Post Vatican Council 11 where each local church would have its identity.
Fr. Xavier Ineichen was appointed by Bishop Haene as the first director of Gokomere training centre in 1970.
Gokomere Training Centre is a spiritual and social centre offering the following programmes:
• Catechism
• Lay leaders training
• Executive Leadership Courses
• Tailoring
• Secretarial courses
• Computers
The training center's challenges include:
• few students managing to pay the fees due to harsh economic conditions.
• maintenance of computers, type-writers and photocopiers
• unavailability of transport
• self-reliance projects have been affected by drought and input shortages.
Notable Alumni
Morgan Tsvangirai former prime minister of Zimbabwe
Jacob Mafume MDC Alliance spokesperson
External links
Roman Catholic Diocese of Masvingo: Gokomere Mission
High schools in Zimbabwe
Catholic secondary schools in Zimbabwe
Education in Masvingo Province
Educational institutions established in 1898
1898 establishments in the British Empire |
23572590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolayevsky%20railway%20station | Nikolayevsky railway station | Nikolayevsky railway station may refer to:
Nikolayevsky station, other name of Leningradsky railway station, a rail terminal in Moscow
Nikolayevsky station, other name of Moskovsky Rail Terminal, a rail terminal in St. Petersburg |
17329288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick%20Moore | Roderick Moore | Roderick Moore may refer to:
Roderick W. Moore, American Ambassador to Montenegro
Roderick "Rod the Bod" Moore, former boxer |
17329299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20Kansas%20State%20Wildcats%20football%20team | 1992 Kansas State Wildcats football team | The 1992 Kansas State Wildcats football team represented Kansas State University in the 1992 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team's head football coach was Bill Snyder. The Wildcats played their home games in KSU Stadium. The 1992 season saw the Wildcats finish with a record of 5–6, and a 2–5 record in Big Eight Conference play. The season ended with a loss against Nebraska in the 1992 Coca-Cola Classic. This was not considered a post-season game.
The team played a Thursday night game on ESPN on November 5, 1992, against Iowa State. The Wildcats had their first undefeated home season (5–0) since 1934.
Schedule
Roster
References
Kansas State
Kansas State Wildcats football seasons
Kansas State Wildcats footbal |
44496805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Rosas%20Pfingsthorn | Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn | Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn (Valparaíso, August 7, 1931 – Santiago, October 5, 2007) was a Chilean orchestra conductor and one of the founders of the Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile.
Academics
Fernando Rosas completed studies in law and social sciences in the Catholic University of Valparaíso in 1953. While he was there, he pushed for the creation of the university's arts and music institute.
He studied and completed his musical education in Musikhochschule Detmold, Germany, with a scholarship provided by the German Academic Exchange Service.
He also completed a bachelor's degree in Musical Interpretation at the Catholic University of Chile.
He won a scholarship on the Fulbright Program to Juilliard School, where he studied between 1968 and 1970.
Life and work
Fernando Rosas married twice and had six children: Felipe, Magdalena, Bernardita, Jimena, Fernando and Ana Maria.
In 1960, he founded the music department of the Catholic University of Valparaíso.
In 1964, he was made director of the music department at the Catholic University of Chile, where he founded its Chamber Orchestra and Music School. He remained as director of the orchestra for 12 years, performing concerts, recording several albums, and on many occasions taking part in TV shows. He took the first Chilean orchestra on tour through Europe, and performed in the USA and the other countries of America with the same orchestra.
In 1976 he created the “Fundación Beethoven” (Beethoven foundation), with Adolfo Flores, and was its president from 1989 until his death in 2007. One of the achievements of this foundation was the creation of Radio Beethoven, one of the radio stations in Chile dedicated to classical music. The same year, he organized the first edition of the "Temporada Internacional de Conciertos del Teatro Oriente" (Teatro Oriente International Season of Concerts) in Santiago. This festival featured some of the greatest international performers and soloists in classical music.
In 1982, Rosas became director of the Chilean Education Ministry Orchestra, known today as Chilean Chamber Orchestra. or "Orquesta de Cámara de Chile" With this orchestra he toured throughout Chile, Europe and America several times, taking part in international festivals.
He died on Friday October 5, 2007.
Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile
In 1991, Fernando Rosas received a special invitation from the Venezuelan Minister of Culture, José Antonio Abreu, to meet the country's Youth Orchestras. As a result of this experience, the Beethoven Foundation (directed by him) and Chilean Education Ministry launched a program to create and support youth orchestras in Chile in 1992. The program worked with the help of instructors that travelled to Antofagasta, Copiapó, La Serena, Talca, Chillán, Valdivia and Temuco (the cities covered by the program) teaching orchestra members and encouraging other young people to join.
As part of this program, he created the National Youth Symphony Orchestra in 1994, a group of 100 young adults and teenagers between the ages of 14 and 25, selected in a public competition. Rosas would be its chief conductor until late 2001, performing throughout Chile. In May 2001, he proposed and helped create the "Fundación Nacional de Orquestas Juveniles" or Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile, along with Luisa Durán, and became its executive director.
Awards
Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn received many awards throughout his career, including:
Premio Annual de la Crítica Chilena (Annual Chilean Critics Award)
Medalla de Oro de la Municipalidad de Providencia (Municipality of Providencia Gold Medal)
Medalla de la ciudad de Frankfurt (Frankfurt Medal)
Medalla al Director Cultural más Destacado otorgada por Amigos del Arte (Friends of Art Medal for Best Cultural Director).
Cruz de Plata de la República de Austria (Austria Silver Cross)
Premio “Figura Fundamental de la Música Chilena” (SCD Leading Figure in Chilean Music).
Condecoración “Andrés Bello” otorgada por el Presidente Rafael Caldera, por la labor desarrollada en el ámbito cultural, con ocasión de su visita a Venezuela junto a la Orquesta Nacional Juvenil. (Distinction awarded by Venezuelan President Rafael Caldera, for work in the cultural field during his visit to Venezuela with the National Youth Orchestra.
Premio a la Música Presidente de la República(Presidential Prize for Music, 2002)
Premio "Domingo Santa Cruz" de la Academia de Bellas Artes del Instituto de Chile (Domingo Santa Cruz Prize from the Fine Arts Academy, 2003)
Orden al Mérito Gabriela Mistral en grado de Gran Oficial (Gabriela Mistral Order of Merit, Grand Officer, 2004)
Premio TVN a la trayectoria (TVN Lifetime Achievement Award, 2005)
Premio APES por aporte a la formación y desarrollo de orquestas juveniles (APES Award for contribution to the training and development of youth orchestras, 2005).
National Prize for Musical Arts of Chile, in recognition for his constant efforts to promote classical music among young people (2006)
Medalla Héroe de la Paz San Alberto Hurtado, otorgada por la Universidad Alberto Hurtado, (Saint Alberto Hurtado Peace Medal, August 30, 2007).
See also
Music of Chile
Youth and Children's Orchestras Foundation of Chile
References
External links
Fundacion Beethoven
20th-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American conductors (music)
Juilliard School alumni
1931 births
2007 deaths
Chilean conductors (music)
Musicians from Valparaíso
American male conductors (music)
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians |
17329339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallcarca%20metro%20station | Vallcarca metro station | Vallcarca is a Barcelona Metro station in the Vallcarca i els Penitents neighbourhood, in the Gràcia district of Barcelona.The station is served by line L3.
The station opened in 1985 when the section of line L3 between Lesseps and Montbau stations was inaugurated.
The station is located underneath Avinguda de Vallcarca (formerly known as the Avinguda de l'Hospital Militar), between Carrer de l'Argentera and the Vallcarca bridge. It has three entrances and can be accessed from either side of Avinguda de Vallcarca, as well as from Avinguda de la República Argentina. It has twin side platforms that are long and which are accessed from the entrance lobby by stairs and escalators.
See also
List of Barcelona Metro stations
References
External links
Trenscat.com
Transportebcn.es
Barcelona Metro line 3 stations
Barcelona Metro stations located underground
Railway stations in Spain opened in 1985
Transport in Gràcia |
23572595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguan%C3%A1%20spiny%20pocket%20mouse | Paraguaná spiny pocket mouse | The Paraguaná spiny pocket mouse (Heteromys oasicus) is a South American species of rodent in the family Heteromyidae. It is known from two localities at elevations above 200 m, Cerro Santa Ana and the Fila de Monte Cano, within the Paraguaná Peninsula in Venezuela. While this region consists mostly of arid shrublands, this pocket mouse is found in elevated areas that provide cloud forest or mesic habitat with evergreen and semideciduous vegetation, such as terrestrial bromeliads. It is more likely to be found near streams. The species is threatened by habitat degradation due to goat grazing and development.
References
Heteromys
Mammals of Venezuela
Mammals described in 2003
Endemic fauna of Venezuela |
44496809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20opertalis | Cliniodes opertalis | Cliniodes opertalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found at low elevations in Peru, southern Venezuela and Brazil (Rondônia).
The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm. The forewing costa and basal area are brownish grey, sometimes with dark red scales. The medial area is greyish brown and the postmedial and terminal areas are brown or reddish brown. The hindwings are translucent white with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in May, August and November.
Etymology
The species name refers to the similarity to Cliniodes opalalis and is derived from Latin opertus (meaning hidden).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
44496818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioglossa%20argodora | Idioglossa argodora | Idioglossa argodora is a species of moth of the family Batrachedridae. It is known from India.
The wingspan is about 10 mm.
References
Moths described in 1913
Batrachedridae |
17329360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paola%20Fantato | Paola Fantato | Paola Fantato (13 September 1959) is an Italian former archer, who won 8 medals (5 gold) at the Summer Paralympics.
She participated also in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Biography
At age 8 she contracted poliomyelitis, and has been a wheelchair user ever since. She competed in archery at five consecutive Summer Paralympic Games from 1988 to 2004 and won a total of five gold medals, one silver, and two bronzes. She participated in both the 1996 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, taking a bronze medal in women's individual and a gold in women's team at the Paralympic Games. She won gold medals in both the individual and team events for archery at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, and took gold and silver at the 2004 Paralympics.
See also
List of athletes who have competed in the Paralympics and Olympics
Italian multiple medallists at the Summer Paralympics
Walk of Fame of Italian Sport
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Italian female archers
Olympic archers of Italy
Paralympic archers of Italy
Paralympic gold medalists for Italy
Paralympic silver medalists for Italy
Paralympic bronze medalists for Italy
Paralympic medalists in archery
Archers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Archers at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
20th-century Italian women |
23572601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%20Hello%20to%20Tragedy | Say Hello to Tragedy | Say Hello to Tragedy is the seventh studio album by Caliban. The album was released on 25 August 2009 (US), with Century Media Records.
"24 Years", the lead single from Say Hello to Tragedy was released on 17 July on the band's Myspace. A second song, "Caliban's Revenge" was released on their Myspace page on 24 July. A full album stream was put up on 13 August. A video was also made for "24 Years" and "Caliban's Revenge".
The album entered the German Media Control chart at No. 36.
The concept of Say Hello to Tragedy comes from questioning why tragedies happen nowadays that could have been prevented.
Guitarist Marc Goertz commented, "If people would just open their eyes and at least care a bit about their neighbours, relatives and the world in general, a lot of this adversity could be avoided. Some of our new songs are entirely fictional, whereas other ones refer to real life dramas like the Fritzl case."
Track listing
All music written by Marc Görtz.
All lyrics written by Andreas Dörner except where noted.
Track 8 is mistakenly written as "The Degenation Of Humanity".
Credits
Caliban
Andreas Dörner – Lead vocals
Marc Görtz – Guitar
Guitar; Clean Vocals – Denis Schmidt
Bass – Marco Schaller
Drums – Patrick Grün
Guest musicians
Vocals – Dennis Diehl (The Mercury Arc) on "Liar"
Vocals – Florian Velten (ex-Machinemade God) on "Love Song"
Guitar – Sky Hoff guitar solo on "The Degenation of Humanity"
Additional
Co-Production – Marc Görtz
Recording – Benny Richter; Sky Hoff; Toni Meloni
Mixing – Adam D.
Mastering – Vince
Artwork – Bastian Sobtzick (Callejon)
Charts
References
2009 albums
Caliban (band) albums
Century Media Records albums |
44496834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkeemania%20%2840%20Timeless%20Hits%29 | Monkeemania (40 Timeless Hits) | Monkeemania (40 Timeless Hits) is a Monkees compilation released in Australia in 1979. It contains 40 of the Monkees' songs, including hit singles, B-sides, album tracks and three previously unreleased tracks: "Love to Love," "Steam Engine" and a live version of "Circle Sky."
Due to the unavailability of the Monkees' master tapes in Australia at this time, "needledrop" vinyl recordings of songs had to be used, resulting in various sound quality issues.
The photo of the band used on the cover is a reversed image from the original.
Track listing
LP 1
"(Theme from) The Monkees" (Tommy Boyce, Bobby Hart) – 2:17
"Last Train to Clarksville" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:48
"(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:21
"I'm a Believer" (Neil Diamond) – 2:42
"A Little Bit Me, a Little Bit You" (Diamond) – 2:49
"Look Out (Here Comes Tomorrow)" (Diamond) – 2:12
"She" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:37
"Words" (Boyce, Hart) – 2:46
"Saturday's Child" (David Gates) - 2:40
"Cuddly Toy" (Harry Nilsson) - 2:35
"Take a Giant Step" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King) - 2:30
"Sometime in the Morning" (Goffin, King) - 2:27
"Pleasant Valley Sunday" (Goffin, King) - 3:12
"Star Collector" (Goffin, King) - 3:30
"Sweet Young Thing" (Goffin, King, Michael Nesmith) - 1:54
"Porpoise Song" (Theme from Head) (Goffin, King) - 4:00
"As We Go Along" (King, Toni Stern) - 3:53
"Shades of Gray" (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) - 3:20
"Love Is Only Sleeping" (Mann, Weil) - 2:23
"The Girl I Left Behind Me" (Neil Sedaka, Carole Bayer Sager) - 2:42
LP 2
"Mary, Mary" (Nesmith) - 2:10
"Randy Scouse Git (Alternate Title)" (Micky Dolenz) – 2:32
"The Girl I Knew Somewhere" (Nesmith) – 2:32
"You and I" (Bill Chadwick, Davy Jones) - 2:10
"Tapioca Tundra" (Nesmith) - 3:06
"Mommy and Daddy" (Dolenz) - 2:10
"For Pete's Sake" (Joey Richards, Peter Tork) - 2:10
"Good Clean Fun" (Nesmith) - 2:15
"Listen to the Band" (Nesmith) - 2:45
"Circle Sky" (live) (Nesmith) - 2:32
"Daydream Believer" (John Stewart) – 2:55
"What Am I Doing Hanging 'Round" (Michael Martin Murphey, Owen Castleman) – 3:02
"D.W. Washburn" (Leiber & Stoller) - 2:43
"Valleri" (Boyce, Hart) - 2:15
"Looking for the Good Times" (Boyce, Hart) - 2:00
"Someday Man" (Roger Nichols, Paul Williams) – 2:38
"Oh, My, My" (Jeff Barry, Andy Kim) - 2:56
"Steam Engine" (Chip Douglas) - 2:21
"Love to Love" (Diamond) - 2:35
"Goin' Down" (Dolenz, Diane Hildebrand, Jones, Nesmith, Tork) - 3:57
"Tema Dei Monkees" (Boyce, Hart, Nistri) - 2:16
References
1979 greatest hits albums
The Monkees compilation albums
Arista Records compilation albums |
44496840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frutillar%20Musical%20Weeks | Frutillar Musical Weeks | The Frutillar Musical Weeks (Semanas Musicales de Frutillar) is a classical music festival that takes place every year in the southern Chilean town of Frutillar, Los Lagos Region.
History
The Frutillar Musical Weeks were conceived in 1968 by a group of Frutillar residents supported by the German Chilean League of Santiago. Robert Dick, Arturo Yunge, Alfredo Daetz and Flora Inostroza made up the organizing committee for the first 12 years of the festival's existence, and much of the credit for the success of the festival should be granted to them. Thanks to Flora Inostroza, the Universidad de Chile and the Chilean Air Force have been close collaborators in the festival since its launch.
In the early days, the Musical Weeks were held in Catholic or Lutheran church and then at the municipal gym, until they became so popular that they needed a larger venue.
The Musical Weeks have been held every summer since 1968. Today the festival is one of the most important classical music events in Chile.
Location and venues
Frutillar is a small town and commune located in southern Chile in the Los Lagos Region, 983 km (630 mi) south of Santiago, the capital.
The bay of Frutillar is found on the shores of Lake Llanquihue, the largest lake lying entirely within Chile. Frutillar (which translates as “strawberry fields”) is known as the "City of Music" thanks to the festival, and was originally populated mainly by German settlers from Hamburg in the 1850s.
The main venue of the festival since 2010 is the Teatro del Lago (Theatre of the Lake), a theatre and concert hall housed in a 10,000 m2 building. Opening on November 6, 2010 after 12 years in development, it is located right on the shore of Llanquihue Lake so that the interior auditorium enjoys a view of the snow-capped Osorno Volcano across the lake.
The architecture of the building is contemporary, but retains links with the traditional southern Chilean style, strongly influenced by German immigrants. Native materials were used in construction, such as wood, stone and copper.
The largest room in the venue is the "Espacio Tronador", which can seat almost 1,200 spectators. The auditorium is made completely of wood, and the spaces are outlined by the curved lines of the stage, rows of seats and high balconies.
There is also a range of other multipurpose salons and foyers, exhibition areas, rehearsal spaces, conference rooms and congress halls.
The festival
The festival takes place between January and February every year and lasts for 10 days. It features more than 40 classical concerts performed by both Chilean and international artists. The program includes music and composers from different periods as well as famous Chilean and international performers and conductors, chamber orchestras, choirs and soloists.
In addition to the events that take place in Frutillar, other nearby towns also hold free concerts.
Sculptures on musical and festival themes can be found all along the Frutillar lakeshore, such as an amphitheatre, a Steinway grand piano and a gazebo, to name a few.
See also
List of classical music festivals in South America
List of music festivals in Chile
Music of Chile
Classical Music
Frutillar
External links
Municipality of Frutillar
Teatro del Lago
References
Music festivals in Chile
Llanquihue Province
Recurring events established in 1968
Chamber music festivals
Classical music festivals in Chile |
23572604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%2070%20%28diesel%29 | British Rail Class 70 (diesel) | The British Rail Class 70 is a Co-Co mainline freight GE PowerHaul locomotive series manufactured by General Electric in Erie, Pennsylvania. They are operated in the United Kingdom by Freightliner and Colas Rail. These locomotives replaced the Class 59 as having the highest tractive effort of any Co-Co Diesel locomotive in use in the United Kingdom when they were introduced.
Background and specification
In November 2007, Freightliner announced Project Genesis, a procurement plan for 30 freight locomotives from General Electric (GE). The locomotives ordered were intended to match older types in terms of haulage capacity whilst at the same time being more fuel-efficient. The project was a collaborative effort between Freightliner and GE, with input from drivers on the cab design. The locomotives utilize a GE PowerHaul P616 diesel engine rated at . The locomotive meets EU Tier IIIa emission regulations. Freightliner expects that the locomotive's efficiency is 7% better than contemporary models, with a further 3% increase in efficiency whilst braking; regenerative braking is used to supply the energy to power auxiliary motors.
The locomotives were given the Class 70 TOPS code.
The new locomotives are similar in appearance to a Class 58; a hood unit design with a narrow body typical of locomotive types in use in North America, the cabs are accessed from the rear via exterior walkways on the narrow part of the hood. The distinctive front end shape is due to crashworthiness features It is also fitted with air conditioning and acoustic insulation to improve the crew's environment, making it an improvement over the Class 66.
Operations
Freightliner
Construction of the first two locomotives at GE's Erie, Pennsylvania plant was completed in July 2009, with both locomotives tested during the same month. The original plan was for two months of testing, with the locomotives then spending a further three weeks being modified where necessary and prepared for transport to the United Kingdom.
The first two locomotives arrived at Newport Docks on 8 November 2009. The delivery gave GE its first locomotives in service on the British rail network. The first locomotive was given the name PowerHaul' at Leeds on 24 November 2009.
Four more locomotives were delivered to the UK on 2 December 2009. On operation tests, 70001 hauled a 30-wagon train consisting of 60ISO containers during December 2009. 70002 also hauled a 19 hopper coal train in the same month.
On 5 January 2011, 70012 was severely damaged while being unloaded at Newport Dock when part of the lifting gear failed, causing the locomotive to fall back into the hold of the ship.
In January 2017, some were placed in store at Freightliner's Leeds Midland Road depot. By July 2018, 13 of the 19 were in store. In March 2020, only four remained in store, the rest having been returned to service. However, by June 2020 all Freightliner examples were in storage at Leeds Midlands Road, with only two, 016 and 017, returning to service as of July 2020.
Turkish demonstrator
In August 2012, it was announced that the demonstrator locomotive built in Turkey in 2011 was to be transferred to the UK and allocated the number 70099. The locomotive was to be allocated to the private owners pool for use as required. On 19 November 2012, it was announced that 70099 was to test trial with GB Railfreight for coal and intermodal traffic trials.
Colas Rail
In November 2013, Colas Rail announced it had ordered ten class 70s for entry into service in 2014; the order included the Turkish built demonstrator 70099, renumbered as 70801, and the remainder of Freightliner's original order option of 30 locomotives.
Colas' locomotives were allotted numbers in the 708xx range. Locomotives 70802–70805 had already been constructed at the time of the order and were shipped to the United Kingdom in January 2014, with the rest assembled and delivered later the same year. In 2015, Colas announced the purchase of an additional seven locomotives, which were delivered by 2017.
Accidents and incidents
On 5 January 2011, locomotive 70012 was dropped when part of the lifting gear failed, causing the locomotive to fall approximately from the crane, back into the hold of the ship. The impact severely bent the locomotive's frame, rendering it unserviceable and resulting in it later being returned to the United States. It was rebuilt as a test bed and used as a shunter at the Erie plant.
On 5 April 2012, locomotive 70018 had an engine room fire requiring the attention of the fire brigade, whilst hauling a freight train on the line between and , Hampshire.
On 27 February 2016, locomotive 70803 collided with an engineers train at , Devon and was derailed.
On 30 October 2016, locomotive 70804 ran away and was derailed at Toton Sidings in Nottinghamshire.
On 28 January 2020, a container train hauled by 70001 was derailed at , Hampshire. The derailment was caused by a defect which allowed the track to spread underneath the train.
See also
GE CM20EMP, Indonesian twin-cab GE locomotive
Notes
References
External links
70 (Powerhaul)
Co-Co locomotives
GE PowerHaul
Railway locomotives introduced in 2009
Standard gauge locomotives of Great Britain
Diesel-electric locomotives of Great Britain |
44496848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20European%20Road%20Championships | 1997 European Road Championships | The 1997 European Road Championships were held in Villach, Austria, in September 1997. Regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men.
Events summary
Medal table
References
External links
The European Cycling Union
European Road Championships, 1997
European Road Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Austria
1997 in Austrian sport
Villach |
44496861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%27%20space | James' space | In the area of mathematics known as functional analysis, James' space is an important example in the theory of Banach spaces and commonly serves as useful counterexample to general statements concerning the structure of general Banach spaces. The space was first introduced in 1950 in a short paper by Robert C. James.
James' space serves as an example of a space that is isometrically isomorphic to its double dual, while not being reflexive. Furthermore, James' space has a basis, while having no unconditional basis.
Definition
Let denote the family of all finite increasing sequences of integers of odd length. For any sequence of real numbers and we define the quantity
James' space, denoted by J, is defined to be all elements x from c0 satisfying
, endowed with the norm .
Properties
James' space is a Banach space.
The canonical basis {en} is a (conditional) Schauder basis for J. Furthermore, this basis is both monotone and shrinking.
J has no unconditional basis.
James' space is not reflexive. Its image into its double dual under the canonical embedding has codimension one.
James' space is however isometrically isomorphic to its double dual.
James' space is somewhat reflexive, meaning every closed infinite-dimensional subspace contains an infinite dimensional reflexive subspace. In particular, every closed infinite-dimensional subspace contains an isomorphic copy of ℓ2.
See also
Banach space
Tsirelson space
References
Functional analysis
Banach spaces |
44496868 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20additalis | Cliniodes additalis | Cliniodes additalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Mexico, where it has been recorded from San Luis Potosí.
The length of the forewings is about 14 mm. The forewing costa, basal and medial areas are brown. The medial area has some rust red scales. The postmedial and terminal areas are filled with reddish brown. The hindwings are translucent white, with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in June.
Etymology
The species name is derived from Latin additus (meaning added).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
44496888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangarap%20Ka | Mangarap Ka | Mangarap Ka (International title: You Dreamed / ) is a Philippine afternoon television drama on ABS-CBN starring Piolo Pascual and Angelica Panganiban. It aired from March 22 to October 8, 2004.
Plot
A light drama with elements of action and adventure, "Mangarap Ka" marks a new direction for its makers ABS-CBN, which has created and perfected the teleserye genre over the years. Spotlighting the colorful sights and sounds of downtown Manila, "Mangarap Ka" is set in Quiapo, where we meet Oslec (Piolo Pascual), a street-smart young man whose life is about to be changed when he meets a lost young boy named Tikoy (newcomer Steven Christian Fermo).
Cast
Main cast
Piolo Pascual as Celso "Oslec" Macapinlac Jr./Dragon King
Angelica Panganiban as Catherine Sita "Cutie" Carter
Steven Christian Fermo as Tikoy
Supporting cast
Patrick Garcia as Tristan
Miles Ocampo as Pepe/Pepay
Rio Locsin as Jacqueline Catacutan Carter
Nova Villa as Zoila Catacutan
Nanding Josef as Samuel
Ilonah Jean
See also
List of programs aired by ABS-CBN
List of telenovelas of ABS-CBN
References
ABS-CBN drama series
2004 Philippine television series debuts
2004 Philippine television series endings
Television series by Star Creatives
Filipino-language television shows
Television shows set in Manila |
44496889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxata | Artaxata | Artashat (), Hellenized as Artaxata () and Artaxiasata (), was a major city and commercial center of ancient Armenia which served as the capital of the Kingdom of Armenia from its founding in 176 BC to 120 AD, with some interruptions. It was founded during reign of King Artaxias I (Artashes), the founder of the Artaxiad dynasty. Its ruins are located in the Ararat Province of modern-day Armenia, on the left bank of the Araks River, at the site of the monastery of Khor Virap. It was destroyed and rebuilt several times from the 1st to the 5th centuries AD, before finally being abandoned.
Name
The name of the city is of Iranian origin. Artaxata/Artashat can be interpreted as meaning "the joy of Arta (truth)," although it is actually a shortening of Artaxšas-šāt, meaning "the joy of Artaxias," as reflected in the alternative Greek form Artaxiasata. Artaxata was named after its founder, Artaxias I, just as the cities of Arshamashat, Eruandashat, and Zarishat were named after their respective founders (see also: -shat). It was briefly renamed Neroneia in the first century AD after it was rebuilt by Tiridates I of Armenia with the help of the Roman emperor Nero. Artaxata was also known as , meaning "court/seat of the Armenians," which was also the name of the canton in which it was located.
History
Antiquity
King Artaxias I founded Artaxata as his new capital in 176 BC in the canton of the province of Ayrarat, on a peninsula of nine hills at the confluence of the Araks and Metsamor rivers. Archaeological evidence may indicate that Artaxata was built upon the remains of an older Urartian settlement. The story of its foundation is given by the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi: "Artashes [Artaxias] traveled to the confluence of the Yeraskh and Metsamor [rivers] and, taking a liking to the hill there, he chose it as the location of his new city, naming it after himself." The Greek historians Plutarch and Strabo relate an apocryphal story according to which the site of Artaxata was chosen on the advice of the Carthaginian general Hannibal. There is, however, no direct evidence to support this story.
Artaxias I built Artaxata's citadel on the height later called Khor Virap (best known as the location where Gregory the Illuminator was imprisoned by Tiridates III of Armenia) and added other fortifications, including a moat. The remains of the great walls of the city and some of its buildings are still visible today. Strabo and Plutarch describe Artaxata as a large and beautiful city and call it the "Armenian Carthage." Excavations have revealed that Artaxata was a major urban center with paved streets, numerous bathhouses, markets, workshops and administrative buildings. The city had its own treasury, mint and customs house. A focal point of Hellenistic culture in Armenia, Armenia's first theater was built here. Movses Khorenatsi writes that numerous copper pagan statues of the gods and goddesses of Anahit, Artemis and Tir were brought to Artaxata from the religious center of Bagaran and other regions, and that Jews from the former Armenian capital of Armavir were relocated to the new capital. Due to its advantageous position, Artaxata soon became a important junction on the trade routes linking Persia and Mesopotamia with the Caucasus, the Black Sea ports and Asia Minor, contributing to its growth and prosperity, as well as that of the surrounding region. The city had a population of several thousand, consisting of Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and Syrians who worked as artisans, craftsmen, and merchants.
Wars against Romans and Persians
During the reign of Tigranes II, the Armenian kingdom was expanded to include many territories to the south and west, ultimately reaching the Mediterranean Sea. Due to the remoteness of Artaxata within the expanded empire, Tigranes built a new capital called Tigranocerta in the region of Arzanene. However, in 69 BC, the Roman general Lucullus invaded Armenia, defeated Tigranes' forces in the outskirts of Tigranocerta and sacked the new capital. As the harassed Roman forces continued to move northeast in pursuit of the Armenian king, a second prominent battle took place, this time near Artaxata where, according to Roman sources, Tigranes II was defeated once again, although Lucullus was forced to turn back to Mesopotamia by the threat of mutiny and never took the city. Artaxata successfully withstood an assault by the Parthians allied with Tigranes's son, but then faced another attack by Pompey. In order to save Artaxata, Tigranes submitted to the Romans and gave up most of the territories he had conquered.
The city remained a hotly contested military target for the next two centuries. Mark Antony marched on Artaxata in 34 BC and took King Artavasdes II captive. in 58–59 AD, It was occupied and razed to the ground by Capadocian legions under the Roman general Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo during the first, short-lived, Roman conquest of Armenia. After Emperor Nero recognized Tiridates I as king of Armenia in 66 AD, he granted him 50 million sesterces and sent architects and construction experts to aid in the reconstruction of the ruined city. The city was temporarily renamed Neroneia, in honor of its sponsor.
The Roman emperor Trajan conquered Armenia in 115/6 AD and briefly made it a Roman province. The Romans established a garrison at Artaxata during this time, as has been proved by the discovery of Latin inscription there mentioning Trajan. After his death, the Romans led by Statius Priscus invaded Armenia and destroyed Artaxata in 163/64 AD. After this, Artaxata was replaced by Vagharshapat as the capital of Armenia, at least temporarily. In the mid-3rd century, during the reign of Khosrov III the Small, the royal court was moved to Duin. In the late 360s, Artaxata was thoroughly destroyed by the invading army of Sasanian king Shapur II, along with the other cities of Armenia. Following the partition of Armenia between Sasanian Iran and the Eastern Roman Empire, Artaxata became one of three authorized points for trade between the two empires.
In 449, prior to the Armenian rebellion of 450–451, the political and religious leaders of Christian Armenia convened a council at Artaxata to discuss the threats of the Sasanian king Yazdegerd II. During the rebellion, the city was destroyed again by pro-Sasanian Armenian forces. With the rise in prominence of Duin as the capital and chief city of Armenia, Artaxata rapidly declined. The changing courses of the Araks and Mestamor rivers and consequent flooding probably led to the settlement's final abandonment.
The exact location of ancient Artaxata was identified during the 1920s, with archaeological excavations beginning in 1970. The archaeological site is south of the modern city of Artashat, near the monastery of Khor Virap.
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Former capitals of Armenia
Archaeological sites in Armenia
Forts in Armenia
Buildings and structures in Ararat Province
Ararat Province |
44496890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilia%20parathicta | Tortilia parathicta | Tortilia parathicta is a species of moth in the Stathmopodidae family. It is found in India.
References
Stathmopodidae |
44496895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20European%20Road%20Championships | 1998 European Road Championships | The 1998 European Road Championships were held in Uppsala, Sweden, in August 1998. Regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men.
Events summary
Medal table
References
External links
The European Cycling Union
European Road Championships, 1998
European Road Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Sweden
1998 in Swedish sport
Sports competitions in Uppsala
August 1998 sports events in Europe |
44496907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Naughty%20Otter | The Naughty Otter | The Naughty Otter is a 1916 British short silent film directed by American filmmaker Charles Urban. He made the film, probably as part of his 'Curious Pals' series of animal films while visiting England during World War I. It features an otter on a table up to mischievous tricks and ends up knocking over a bowl of water.
References
1916 films
British silent short films
British black-and-white films
Films about otters |
44496919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20European%20Road%20Championships | 1999 European Road Championships | The 1999 European Road Championships were held in Lisbon, Portugal, in August 1999. Regulated by the European Cycling Union. The event consisted of a road race and time trial for under-23 women and under-23 men.
Events summary
Medal table
References
External links
The European Cycling Union
European Road Championships, 1999
European Road Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Portugal
1999 in Portuguese sport
Sports competitions in Lisbon
August 1999 sports events in Europe
1990s in Lisbon |
23572607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint%20%28band%29 | Paint (band) | Paint is a Canadian indie rock band from Toronto, Ontario. The group was unofficially formed 2001 in Vancouver, when frontman Robb Johannes was 18 years old. The band's line-up consists of Johannes (lead vocals), Jordan Shepherdson (guitar, backing vocals), Keiko Gutierrez (bass), and Devin Jannetta (drums).
History
Beginnings, Urban Folk Tales and Other Projects (2001–2007)
Neither Robb Johannes, nor anyone associated with Paint, has spoken publicly the band's early history or the unofficial release of Urban Folk Tales in 2004. The only reference ever made was an interview with Thunderbird Radio Hell on CiTR 101.9FM in Vancouver on 18 September 2008, when Matt Laforest said the band stop being a "funk, fusion, folk" project "The day I joined." An early version of the Paint song "Madonna" can be found on Urban Folk Tales—it would later be refined for release on Can You Hear Me?
Can You Hear Me? (2008–2010)
Recorded in Port Coquitlam, and released 11 August 2009 when the band was established in Toronto, Paint's debut album Can You Hear Me? was automatically praised as "5 STARS: in your face, but not overpowering, melodic but still harsh, well-crafted but not over-perfected... heartbreaking yet uplifting.... an underlying sense of sonic maturity and strong lyrical insight... well-developed and layered...retain(s) the attractive simplicity of a great rock album," as well as an "alt-rock relic spiritually scraping the '90s, done with so much audacity and seismic guitar crunch one can’t help but strap into their time machine... this Toronto quartet wisely keep the sound big, but the anthemic denouements concise."
In March 2010, Paint won the 102.1 The Edge "Indie Online" fan contest on the strength of the single "Strangers," upping their profile amongst the local and national independent music scene. Their performance at Edge Studios 27 March 2010 was called "Picture perfect" by curator Raina Douris.
In August 2014, a 5th anniversary deluxe reissue was released through the band's Bandcamp website, featuring five so-called "discs" of demos, live tracks and interviews, expanded artwork, and retrospective conversations between Robb Johannes, Matt Laforest, and Paula McGlynn.
Where We Are Today and Capsulated (2010–2012)
Documented in the film Where We Were in April, Robb Johannes moved to Kitchener/Waterloo, where the Paint went into the studio with Ian Smith. Previously, Johannes and Smith had collaborated on composing two songs: "Girl in a Frame," and "Boomerang"—the former of which secured the band international distribution through Fontana North.
On the recording process, Johannes stated that, "[Smith] created this environment that was so friendly and so comfortable that we didn't need to have a lot of conversations about what we wanted to achieve with the record, and instead just focused on how we could get there technically. I can't say I've [previously] had an experience like that."
Press for Where We Are Today amounted rather quickly as the band toured across Canada once again, calling the album "An exciting blend of catchy pop rock songs and stellar lyrics... undeniable brilliance," "full of flight and passion... crisp and confident," and "intelligent people making incredible music."
Although Johannes and Dey maintained a very public and unified image for Paint, tensions between Dunbar and the rest of the band, including producer Ian Smith, were made apparent in Where We Were in April, where Smith asks Dunbar to "play more for the track and less for the camera," and the subsequent tour for Where We Are Today ended on 1 October 2011, which would be the last time Johannes, Dunbar, Warren, and Dey would play on stage together.
With the release of Where We Are Today, Paint undertook the task of producing a video album, making a music video for each song on the record. Johannes' statement on the project:
The Video Album Project is a pretty ambitious undertaking. Radiohead inspired it – they attempted it with OK Computer but didn't see it through to the end. We're on a much smaller scale, which in many ways makes it entirely more possible. Video has become a much more accessible format now with YouTube, budget DV cameras, and an abundance of public domain footage (for example, "End of the Reel" and "In Disguise" were both done entirely with stock footage, the latter based on the 1936 cult classic Reefer Madness). Purists may argue the open landscape for anyone to upload videos is watering down its artistic merit as a format, and I tend to agree. But we're also making the best of a more accessible outlet that we as a band can be directly involved with. Four videos are done now, one is complete an in queue, and more will follow. We'll probably be releasing one every month or two months. It's a good way to stay relevant and active in between touring cycles.
The 10-video project would take until November 2013 to complete.
Line-up changes and touring (2012–2014)
At the end of the Where We'll Be 2011 Tour, Robb Johannes was seen on stage at Indie Week 2011 playing bass with Kevin Komatsu of The Joys on drums and Tim Dafoe of The Cheap Speakers on guitar. As the band embarked on a cross-Canada tour in March/April 2012, he published a note on the band's official blog, giving a vague explanation for why Paint was now composed of Johannes (vocals), session player Nathan Da Silva (guitar), and the rhythm section from Toronto band Shortwave; Nikolaus Odermatt (bass) and Devin Jannetta (drums):
I'm not one to talk bad about people publicly, and I don't believe in airing dirty laundry for public exploitation. All I can say is the we put out a new record and money got ain the way. Money was taken from the band account without the usual procedures of approval; money that was contractually-obliged was breached and people were stuck with debts; and money was owed between people who weren't willing to make concessions or look at the big picture. Inexperience and insecurities came in as well, surely. It's the 2000s; making money as an independent band is a tough gig. What's more important is that the band still exists and is stronger than ever. Sometimes shaking things up is the only way to really survive, and I'm grateful to still have a place to call home musically. Andre Dey and I do keep regular contact though. After all we've been through, he'll always be a brother and friend.
In November 2012, Paint performed a weekly residency at C'est What? in Toronto, revealing newly written material each week, to the point of playing almost an entire set's worth of brand new and unreleased material. Audio from the closing night (27 November) was made available on the band's SoundCloud on 17 December 2012, revealing a sound more personal in its lyrical content and introducing a synthesizer and orchestration tracks into the arsenal.
By 2013, Ottawa native Jordan Shepherdson had taken over permanent guitar duties after nearly two years of temporary help, and Paint announced in its July 2013 newsletter that Nik Odermatt was leaving the band to start a family and had been replaced by Jenna Strautman
After a handful of shows with Strautman in the summer of 2013, Paint joined up with Toronto director/producer R. Stephenson Price (of music blog/series The Indie Machine) to film a 6-minute narrative heist film music video for their single "Boomerang" (released 22 November). In October, the band reprised their month-long weekly residency spot at C'est What? to much acclaim, alongside an IndieGogo fundraising campaign to propel the band's next series of recording sessions following the release of the Capsulated (Music Videos) DVD compilation on 26 November 2013.
After being awarded a FACTOR grant in the spring of 2014, and securing additional funding through fans via IndieGogo, the band members prepared to hit the studio to record material for a new four-song EP – Based on Truth and Lies – which was set to be accompanied by a 16-minute visual accompaniment film tentatively titled 11:11 – again directed/produced by R. Stephenson Price.
By this time, Keiko Gutierrez had joined Paint on bass and solidified the band lineup for the first time since 2011.
Based on Truth and Lies / 11:11 / (disPLAY) (2014–present)
After initial location scouting and pre-production throughout the winter of 2013 and into spring 2014, Paint soon jumped full-on into the movie business alongside Price – with Johannes taking a much more active role in the filmmaking process following "Boomerang". Casting actor and model, Zac Ché as the protagonist of 11:11, Trevor, and re-teaming with "Boomerang" female lead Victoria Urquhart, Johannes and Price soon discovered the meager 16-minute visual film project had begun to take on a life of its own, and by the fall of 2014 had ballooned to a nearly hour-long experimental sci-fi film.
Meanwhile, in August, Paint re-entered the studio with producer Ian Smith to record the Based on Truth and Lies EP, which had now reversed roles and would serve as the soundtrack to 11:11, rather than 11:11 be merely the visuals to the songs.
In October, the band sold out Toronto venue The Cameron House to record a 90-minute concert DVD entitled (disPLAY), which is set for release sometime in 2016, making it the second project in one calendar year to receive FACTOR funding. Through the fall and into the spring of 2015, pickup shots and effects work on the film continued until the final EP tracks had returned from mastering – again with Joe Lambert at the helm. Johannes and Price then pulled the individual instrumentation from each song and re-orchestrated the pieces into entirely new soundscapes for the scoring of the film.
Ché and Urquhart rejoined the production in April to record voiceovers for the now significantly more robust 11:11, which now drew from the format of The Who's Quadrophenia as a film presenting an album of music, and from the filmic collaborations of U2 and Anton Corbijn. Narratively, Price had taken Johannes' 16-page narrative and twisted it into a strange David Lynch/David Cronenberg sci-fi drama, but with strong literary ties to Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland; while Johannes claims to never watch psychological or horror films, his thematic and character input was invaluable in molding the final product into the strange take on reality and consciousness that resulted in 11:11.
Paint held a release show for Based on Truth and Lies at The Great Hall in Toronto on 29 May 2015 and screened a teaser for 11:11 as a stage projection alongside the performance – an evening which also featured a special guest appearance by Canadian astronaut/musician Chris Hadfield alongside headlining rock band Trapper, featuring Emm Gryner (formerly of David Bowie's band). 11:11 soon made its exclusive online debut through video streaming service VHX in June ahead of its impending theatrical premiere on 11 September 2015 – an independent release set to coincide with the 40th Toronto International Film Festival.
Activism and causes
Postering case
A well-documented court case took place in 2011 with Johannes and the management of Toronto's C'est What? venue against mayor Rob Ford's anti-postering bylaws. Johannes presented the Ramsden v. Peterborough (City) [1993] 2 S.C.R. 1084 decision from the Supreme Court of Canada, where the Court struck down a bylaw prohibiting all postering on public property on the grounds that it violated freedom of expression under section 2(b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. After having the charges thrown out, Johannes issued a public statement on the victory:
Bans on postering represent an attack on the arts, especially in times of political conservatism when arts can be seen as subversive. 85% of the 413 infractions stemming from anti-postering in Montreal in 2009 were against the cultural industries. Posters are an accessible and affordable form of advertising for locally-targeted events in an oversaturated internet market. By-laws against postering are simply creating barriers for artists of a certain income demographic to get their messages out. Unless one has the resources to advertise in mainstream media, which is often controlled by certain interests, or own property and put up a big billboard, ideas and expressions are limited. The concept of "public space" contains the assumption that people freely express themselves as permitted under s.2(b) of the Charter....In Toronto's case, shy of banding together to file a constitutional challenge (which I would say isn't entirely outside the realm of possibility) the onus sadly is placed on the backs of artists to stand up for their rights. Poster and promote as you would, and if fines are issued, do not pay them. Go to court. Use the above case law to argue your points. And drop me a line, I'd be happy to help.
The court win was celebrated by a headlining show at C'est What? on 8 December 2011, where Johannes also sang tributes to Jim Morrison and John Lennon in homage to the former's birth and the latter's death. During the set, Johannes was famously photographed holing up an "I Hate Rob Ford" T-shirt passed to him from the audience.
Other causes
As the most vocal and public member of Paint, Johannes has championed many causes including vegetarianism, gun control, public housing (particularly in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside, and voting, amongst others.
2014 Toronto Civic Election: Robb Not Ford Campaign
In addition to his social advocacy, Robb Johannes ran in the 2014 Toronto mayoral election under the moniker "Robb Not Ford" (a jab against outgoing mayor Rob Ford). Johannes placed 12th out of 65 candidates with a campaign budget of just $18, and was noted as winning early debates against Ford and other major candidates including former Toronto budget chief David Soknacki.
Johannes' closing statement on 20 October 2014 included the grassroots adage:
...if Toronto continues to see a system in which only career politicians, executives, lawyers, and other members of a socioeconomic status unattainable to the great 95% of us (as essential as the wealthy still are to the city), speak on behalf of communities without actually being part of them, we will not see change. But as a smaller step, we can hold our representatives accountable, and create the changes we need from the ground up.
Members
Current
Robb Johannes – lead vocals, guitar, programming (2008–present)
Jordan Shepherdson – guitar, backing vocals (2012–present)
Keiko Gutierrez – bass, backing vocals (2014–present)
Devin Jannetta – drums (2012–present)
Former (abridged)
Nikolaus Odermatt – bass, keyboards (2011-2012)
Nathan Da Silva – guitar, backing vocals (2011-2012)
Adre Dey – drums, backing vocals (2010-2011)
Mandy Dunbar – guitar, backing vocals (2009-2011)
Marcus Warren – bass (2009-2011)
Jeff Logan – guitar (2009)
Matt Laforest – drums (2008–2009)
Paula McGlynn – guitar, vocals (2008–2009)
Discography
Studio albums
Where We Are Today (6 September 2011) [Fontana North, PWWAT11] #23 (!earshot)
Can You Hear Me? (11 August 2009) [independent, PCYHM09] #20 (!earshot)
Urban Folk Tales (29 May 2004) [independent, RSC12272] #9 (!earshot)
EPs
Based on Truth and Lies (2 June 2015) [independent, PBOTAL15]
Live albums
(disPLAY) (16 September 2016) [independent, PDISP16]
Compilation albums
Showcase International 2005 (21 September 2005), E3/Chromium Records (CHRO-SC2005-001), featuring the song "Open Your Eyes"
Singles
Videography
Films
(disPLAY) (16 September 2016) [independent, PDISP16]
11:11 (2 June 2015) [independent, P1111DVD15]
Compilations
Capsulated (26 November 2013) [Independent, PCDVD13]
Videos, etc. (2011) [Independent, PVEDVD11]
Documentaries
(disASSEMBLED): The Making of (disPLAY) (20 September 2016)
Story of the Moral of the Story: The Making of 11:11 (19 January 2016)
The Making of Boomerang (17 November 2013)
Where We Were in April (30 August 2011), [Independent, PWWWIADVD11]
References
External links
The Official Paint Site
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups from Vancouver
Canadian indie pop groups
Canadian indie rock groups
2001 establishments in British Columbia |
44496921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20inferalis | Cliniodes inferalis | Cliniodes inferalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in Costa Rica and the eastern Andes from the Valle de Cauca in Colombia to Peru (Junín).
The length of the forewings is 15–17 mm for males and 17–18 mm for females. The forewing costa is dark red and the basal area is grey with dark violet scales. The medial area is dark violet-brown and postmedial area is brownish violet. The hindwings are translucent white with a black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February and from May to November.
Etymology
The species name refers to the maculation that is darker than Cliniodes superbalis, from which its distinct status is inferred. The name is derived from Latin infera (meaning the lower world).
References
Moths described in 2011
Eurrhypini |
44496924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20A.%20Krohn | Chester A. Krohn | Chester A. Krohn (April 16, 1915 – October 18, 1996) was an American teacher and politician.
Born in Marshfield, Wisconsin, Krohn graduated from University of Wisconsin–Madison and was a high school teacher. He served as clerk of the Marshfield Board of Education. In 1941, Krohn served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was elected on the Wisconsin Progressive Party ticket.
Notes
1915 births
1996 deaths
People from Marshfield, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Educators from Wisconsin
Wisconsin Progressives (1924)
School board members in Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American educators |
17329364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primera%20Divisi%C3%B3n%20de%20M%C3%A9xico%20Apertura%202008 | Primera División de México Apertura 2008 | The 2008 Primera División Apertura is the first football tournament of the Mexican Primera División 2008−09 season. The tournament began in August 2008 and was contested by the league's 18 teams.
Reigning champion Santos Laguna failed to advance to the final losing 2-1 on a two-leg aggregate (0-0 in the first leg) to eventual champions Toluca in the semifinals, and were unable to defend their title. The team of Toluca would beat Cruz Azul 7-6 in penalties after tying 2-2 on a two-leg aggregate (2-0 in the first leg). This was Toluca's 9th championship, placing them as the third most successful club behind América and Guadalajara.
Teams and Stadia
Managerial changes
This is a list of managerial changes made during the tournament.
Regular season
Standings
Group standings
Results
Playoffs
If the two teams are tied after both legs, the higher seeded team advances.
Both finalist qualify to the 2009–10 CONCACAF Champions League. The champion qualifies directly to the Group Stage, while the runner-up qualifies to the Preliminary Round.
Top goalscorers
Source: MedioTiempo
See also
List of Transfers of Torneo Clausura 2008 (Mexico)
References
External links
Official Website
Aper
Mexico |
20466263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Mahon | Craig Mahon | Craig Derek Mahon (born 21 June 1989) is an Irish footballer who plays as a winger for National League North club Curzon Ashton. He has played in the Football League for Accrington Stanley.
Early life
Craig Derek Mahon was born on 21 June 1989 in Dublin.
Club career
Mahon's footballing education took place at the Dublin-based club Lourdes Celtic, from there he signed as trainee in the 2006–07 season at Wigan Athletic he then progressed through the ranks. He signed a one-year professional contract with Wigan in June 2008.
Mahon signed for Accrington Stanley on loan in the 2008–09 season. He made his debut on 29 November 2008 in a League Two match against Bury, which ended in a 2–1 home defeat for Accrington.
In the summer of 2009, he was released by Wigan and went on to have a short spell with Salford City.
After trials at Football League clubs Bury and Rochdale, Mahon signed for Conference North club Vauxhall Motors on 4 September 2010. He signed a further one-year contract on 26 July 2011. The club secured the services of Mahon on a further one-year contract on 27 July 2012. He was voted the Vauxhall Motors Player of the Season for the 2012–13 season.
Mahon signed for Conference Premier club Chester on 23 May 2013. He remained at Chester for eight years, which included loan spells with AFC Fylde and Ashton United.
On 7 November 2014, Mahon became the father of twins. The following day Mahon was back on the pitch playing for Chester against Football League team Southend United in the FA Cup first round. Mahon had further cause for celebration by scoring the winning goal in the 51st minute, the match ending 2–1 to Chester as they pulled off a surprise victory against higher-ranked opponents.
On 12 September 2017, Mahon broke the all-time appearance record for Chester, with 160 appearances for the club. He went on to make 215 appearances for the club.
In January 2020, Mahon signed for Altrincham. He was part of the Altrincham team that were promoted to the National League on 1 August 2020 beating Boston United 1–0 in the play-off final.
Mahon signed for National League North club Curzon Ashton in September 2020. He signed a further one-year contract as a player-coach in August 2021. In October, he took the role of interim manager for three games, whilst the club recruited a new manager.
International career
Mahon represented the Republic of Ireland at youth level, making his debut for the under-18 team on 7 February 2007 in a 0–0 draw against the Netherlands. He appeared for the under-19 team later in the year, playing in a 2–1 defeat against Chile.
Career statistics
Honours
Altrincham
National League North play-offs: 2020
References
External links
Profile at the Curzon Ashton F.C. website
1989 births
Living people
Association footballers from Dublin (city)
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Association football wingers
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. players
Salford City F.C. players
Burscough F.C. players
Vauxhall Motors F.C. players
Chester F.C. players
AFC Fylde players
Ashton United F.C. players
Altrincham F.C. players
players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Republic of Ireland youth international footballers
Republic of Ireland expatriate association footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Irish expatriate sportspeople in England |
23572619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triotech | Triotech | Triotech is a manufacturer of out-of-home multi-sensory interactive attractions.
Since 2006, TRIOTECH has operated its own studio to develop custom content for its attractions. Founded in 1999, TRIOTECH is a privately held company based in Canada with offices in the US, Europe, and China. with research and development facilities as well as a movie studio in Montreal, Quebec.
They are known for their motion simulators such as XD Theatres and XD Dark Ride interactive theaters.
Background
Triotech designs, develops, and markets immersive and interactive out-of-home cinemas and platforms, as well as small 3-dimensional movie theaters. They distribute their products under XD Theater, XD DarK Ride, Interactive Dark Ride, Flying Theaters, immersive Walkthroughs, and Typhoon.
In 2006, Triotech opened a Montreal-based 3D animation studio to create custom content, to work in conjunction with the parent company's line of theme park motion rides.
In 2019 Triotech announced the acquisition of a French company CL Corp, forming the largest media-based experiences group in the attractions industry.
XD Theater is a 3D film attraction. When first released, XD Theater included the 3D ride films Cosmic Coaster, Haunted Mine and Arctic Run. There are now over 40 3D films in Triotech's XD Theater library. The ultimate immersive ride with real time 3D stereoscopic graphics combined with visual FX for a multi sensory experience, a motion simulated thrill ride that transcends time, space and imagination.
XD Dark Ride is an interactive theater using group play, real-time 3D graphics and individual scoring system to create unique, competitive dynamics. This multi-sensory, interactive attraction, designed for the whole family, won IAAPA's prestigious Brass Ring Award for Best New Product in 2013.
Products
Interactive Dark Ride (some ride systems have been provided by Zamperla)
Ghostbusters 5D at Heide Park in Soltau, Germany
Ninjago The Ride at Legoland Resorts in Legoland California, Legoland Florida, Legoland Deutschland, Legoland Windsor, Legoland Malaysia, Legoland Billund and Legoland New York
Sholay: The hunt for Gabbar Singh at Dubai Parks and Resorts
The Flyer – San Francisco at Pier39 in San Francisco, USA
Finding Larva and Larva's Space Adventure (from Larva's TV Series) at Jeju Shinhwa World
Gan Gun Battlers at Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan
Wonder Mountain's Guardian at Canada's Wonderland in Vaughan, Ontario
Knott's Bear-y Tales: Return to the Fair at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, CA
7D Experience XD Dark Ride in San Francisco, CA
Typhoon
STORM™ interactive multiplayer coin-op simulator
XD Theatres immersive theaters
Interactive Cinema
Over 40 3D animated films
Wasteland Racers 2071
UFO Stomper
Qube
Hyper Ride
References
External links
Canadian companies established in 1999
Privately held companies of Canada |
20466289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine%20Willcox | Elaine Willcox | Elaine Willcox is an English television reporter. Currently employed by ITV Granada.
Media career
Elaine was part of a team which won a BAFTA in 2007 for covering the impact of the Morecambe Bay cockling disaster for ITV Granada. This, to date, is the only occasion where a BAFTA has gone to a regional news programme.
In September 2007 she joined GMTV as North West England Correspondent, after three years, she returned to ITV Granada as a reporter for regional news programme Granada Reports.
References
External links
BAFTA win
GMTV presenters and reporters
ITV regional newsreaders and journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
23572632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemanja%20Zlatkovi%C4%87 | Nemanja Zlatković | Nemanja Zlatković (Serbian Cyrillic: Немања Златковић; born 21 August 1988) is a Serbian professional footballer who plays as a left-back.
Career
In August of 2020, Zlatković joined FK Dinamo Pančevo. After a spell at FK Sloga Kraljevo, Zlatković moved to OFK Beograd in the summer 2021.
References
External links
Nemanja Zlatković at Sofascore
Living people
1988 births
Footballers from Belgrade
Serbian footballers
Serbian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Slovakia
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate footballers in the Czech Republic
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic
Expatriate footballers in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Serbian First League players
Slovak Super Liga players
Football League (Greece) players
Czech National Football League players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Ettan Fotboll players
FK Zemun players
MŠK Žilina players
Diagoras F.C. players
FC Fastav Zlín players
FK Sarajevo players
Panachaiki F.C. players
FK Javor Ivanjica players
FK Voždovac players
FK Novi Pazar players
FK Radnik Bijeljina players
Ängelholms FF players
FK Tuzla City players
NK Čelik Zenica players
FK Dinamo Pančevo players
FK Sloga Kraljevo players
OFK Beograd players
Serbia youth international footballers
Association football defenders |
20466298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overture%20%281965%20film%29 | Overture (1965 film) | Overture () is a 1965 Hungarian short documentary film written by János Vadász. It won the Short Film Palme d'Or at the 1965 Cannes Film Festival and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
Synopsis
After the opening title card, a white blur in the center of a black screen resolves to the shape of a chicken egg. We penetrate the shell, and watch, in time-lapse, the 21-day development of a chicken embryo, from a germ spot on the yolk to the emergence of the baby chick, compressed into under eight minutes, set to Beethoven's Egmont Overture.
Cultural influences
Film uses complete Beethoven's Ouverture to Egmont as soundtrack for image series featuring hatching bird, referencing rebellious nature of Egmont fighting for freedom despite all barriers. Beethoven's Egmont is a set of incidental music pieces for the 1787 play of the same name by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The film, nominated for Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) is described as "among the most ingenious pairings of music and image in the history of the festival."
References
External links
1965 films
1960s short documentary films
1965 documentary films
1965 short films
1960s Hungarian-language films
Hungarian short documentary films
Short Film Palme d'Or winners |
17329365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Callin | Arnold Callin | Alured Arnold Callin (25 August 1924 – 29 June 2015) was a Manx politician who served as a Member of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man.
He was born in August 1924 and educated at Peel Clothworkers' School. He served in the Royal Navy during the Second World War and then became a businessman and auctioneer on the Isle of Man. Between 1956 and 1976 he served on Onchan Commissioners, twice being Chairman.
In 1976 he was elected MHK for Middle. He was elevated to the Legislative Council in 1985 and served until standing down in 1995. He held many positions with Government including Minister of Home Affairs. He died in June 2015 at the age of 90.
Governmental positions
Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, 1976–1981
Chairman of the Health Services Board, 1981–1986
Minister of Highways, Ports & Properties, 1986–1991
Minister of Home Affairs, 1991–1995
References
1924 births
2015 deaths
Royal Navy personnel of World War II
Manx politicians |
23572635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroporti%20di%20Roma | Aeroporti di Roma | Aeroporti di Roma S.p.A. (abbreviated ADR) is an Italian fixed-base operator of Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport (in Greater Rome) and Rome Ciampino Airport since 1997 (the year of privatization). The headquarter of the company is located in Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport.
The company was a minority shareholders of Aeroporto di Genova (15%), as well as Airports Company South Africa from 1998 to 2005.
References
External links
Italian companies established in 1997
Airport operators of Italy
Airports in Rome
Transport in Lazio
Companies based in Lazio
Companies based in Rome
Fiumicino
Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Transport companies established in 1997
Region-owned companies of Italy
Privatized companies of Italy
Companies formerly listed on the Borsa Italiana |
6900765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20the%20American%20Old%20West | Timeline of the American Old West | This timeline of the American Old West is a chronologically ordered list of events significant to the development of the American West as a region of the continental United States. The term "American Old West" refers to a vast geographical area and lengthy-time period of imprecise boundaries, and historians' definitions vary. The events in this timeline occurred primarily in the portion of the modern continental United States west of the Mississippi River, and mostly in the period between the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the admission of the last western territories as states in 1912 where most of the frontier was already settled and became urbanized; a few typical frontier episodes happened after that, such as the admission of Alaska into the Union in 1959. A brief section summarizing early exploration and settlement prior to 1803 is included to provide a foundation for later developments. Rarely, events significant to the history of the West but which occurred within the modern boundaries of Canada and Mexico are included as well.
Western North America was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Native Americans and later served as a frontier to the Spanish Empire, which began colonizing the region starting in the 16th century. British, French, and Russian claims followed in the 18th and 19th centuries, though these did not result in settlement and the region remained in Spanish hands. After the American Revolution, the newly independent United States began securing its own frontier from the Appalachian Mountains westward for settlement and economic investment by American pioneers. The long history of American expansion into these lands has played a central role in shaping American culture, iconography, and the modern national identity, and remains a popular topic for study by scholars and historians.
Events listed below are notable developments for the region as a whole, not just for a particular state or smaller subdivision of the region; as historians Hine and Faragher put it, they "tell the story of the creation and defense of communities, the use of the lands, the development of markets, and the formation of states.... It is a tale of conquest, but also one of survival, persistence, and the merging of peoples and cultures."
Early exploration and settlement
For almost three centuries after Columbus' voyages to the New World, much of western North America remained unsettled by white colonists, despite various territorial claims made by European colonial powers. European interest in the vast territory was initially motivated by the search for precious metals, especially gold, and the fur trade, with miners, trappers, and hunters among the first people of European descent to permanently settle in the West. The early years were also a period of scientific exploration and survey, such that by 1830 the rough outline of the western half of the continent had been mapped to the Pacific Ocean.
1800s
1810s
1820s
1830s
1840s
1850s
1860s
1870s
1880s
1890s
1900s
1910s
1950s
See also
Historic regions of the United States
Territorial evolution of the United States
List of Old West gunfights
Western United States
Mountain States
Northwestern United States
Southwestern United States
Pacific States
Great Plains
Rocky Mountains
Great Basin
Sierra Nevada
Cascade Range
References
External links
New Perspectives On The West. The West Film Project, WETA-TV, 2001.
Old West
American Old West |
20466343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Dunn%20%28soccer%29 | Jack Dunn (soccer) | Jack Dunn (born September 12, 1931) was a U.S. soccer inside right who was a four-time All-American, a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was a four-time All-American and coached at the collegiate level.
Player
Dunn grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he played for the Lighthouse Boys Club and was three-time All City at Northeast Public High School. He then attended Temple University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1951 to 1954. He was a 1951 Honorable Mention (third team) All-American, 1953 Second Team All-American and 1952 and 1954 First Team All-American. He graduated in 1955. He was inducted into the Temple Hall of Fame in 1975. In 1952, he was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
He may have spent several years with Uhrik Truckers in the American Soccer League. He played for the Brooklyn German Hungarians for a time. He also played and coached for the Philadelphia United German-Hungarians winning the 1965 National Amateur Cup with them. He played on four professional championship teams.
He spent several years in the U.S. Army. He was discharged in 1958 and began working at Gulf Oil Company.
Coach
He later coached at both the amateur and collegiate levels. In 1958, he was hired by St. Joseph's College in Philadelphia. He coached the school's team until 1975, compiling a 120–57–23 record.
References
External links
Temple University Hall of Fame
Living people
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
American soccer coaches
American soccer players
American Soccer League (1933–1983) players
Lighthouse Boys Club players
Temple Owls men's soccer players
Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Saint Joseph's Hawks men's soccer coaches
Olympic soccer players of the United States
Uhrik Truckers players
Soccer players from Philadelphia
Association football forwards
1931 births |
23572640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papists%20Act%201715 | Papists Act 1715 | The Papists Act 1715 (2 Geo., c. 55) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Act required Roman Catholics who did not take the oath of fidelity to register their property.
The Act was passed in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1715. The Act's preamble claimed that the Act was necessary because Catholics had plotted for "the destruction of this kingdom and the extirpation of the Protestant Religion" despite the "tender regard" the King had shown by not enforcing the many penal laws against them. It was further claimed that "all or the greatest part" of the Catholic population had been "stirring up and supporting the late unnatural Rebellion for the dethroning and murdering his most Sacred Majesty; for setting up a Popish Pretender upon the Throne of this kingdom; for the Destruction of the Protestant Religion and the cruel murdering and massacring of its Professors". Therefore, the Act continued, Catholics are "enemies to His Majesty and to the present happy Establishment" who "watch for all opportunities of fomenting and stirring up new Rebellions and Disturbances within the Kingdom and of inviting Foreigners to invade it".
The Act ensured that Justices of the Peace tendered the oaths of allegiance, supremacy and abjuration to all confirmed and suspected Catholics. If any Catholic had not taken the oaths by the deadline they were required to sign a register that included information about their estates. This was intended to facilitate a discriminatory tax on Catholics because, the Act claimed, they should pay any "large share to all such Extraordinary Expenses as are and shall be brought upon this Kingdom by their Treachery and Instigation". The annual rent of the estates registered totalled £400,000.
Notes
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1715
History of Christianity in the United Kingdom
1715 in Christianity
Law about religion in the United Kingdom |
23572642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Cordeiro%20%28tennis%29 | Pedro Cordeiro (tennis) | Pedro Cordeiro (born 14 February 1963 in Porto, Portugal) is a former professional tennis player from Portugal and was the former captain of the Portugal Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams. He reached a career high singles ranking of 517 in November 1986.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Portuguese male tennis players
Portuguese tennis coaches
Sportspeople from Porto |
23572645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H12 | C10H12 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H12}}
The molecular formula C10H12 (molar mass: 132.20 g/mol, exact mass: 132.0939 u) may refer to:
Basketane
Dicyclopentadiene
2,4-Dimethylstyrene
2,5-Dimethylstyrene
Tetralin |
23572647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluatu | Aluatu | Aluatu is a village in Taraclia District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Taraclia District |
44496928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilia%20hemitorna | Tortilia hemitorna | Tortilia hemitorna is a species of moth in the Stathmopodidae family. It is found in India.
References
Stathmopodidae |
17329380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sorrows%20of%20an%20American | The Sorrows of an American | The Sorrows of an American is Siri Hustvedt's fourth novel. It was first published in 2008 and is about a Norwegian American family and their troubles. The novel is partly autobiographical in that Hustvedt herself is of Norwegian descent and in that passages from her own deceased father's journal about the Depression in America and the Pacific theatre of war during World War II are scattered through the book.
The Sorrows of an American operates on several time levels and depicts the difficult times of four generations of the fictional Davidsen family. At the core of the novel lies a long-kept family secret which the first person narrator, a middle-aged psychiatrist called Erik Davidsen who lives and works in New York, sets out to unearth together with his sister. However, the novel abounds in subplots which focus on the present rather than the past.
Plot summary
On the death of their father Lars, a retired Professor of History, Erik Davidsen and his sister Inga, a philosopher, clean out his home office in rural Minnesota and, while going through his copious papers, find a cryptic note written and signed by someone they do not know called Lisa which suggests to them that as a boy back in the 1930s their father was involved in some illicit act and that he has kept his promise never to tell anyone about it. The siblings decide to investigate the matter further, if only half-heartedly at first. For the time being, Erik Davidsen is preoccupied reading his father's journals, which the latter completed only shortly before his demise. For Erik, all this will mean that in the months to come he will not only be haunted by the ghosts of the present but also of the past.
It has been pointed out that none of the characters in The Sorrows of an American leads a carefree, untroubled existence. The narrator himself suffers from a slight form of depression triggered by his recent divorce, childless state, and subsequent feeling of loneliness but still finds satisfaction in attempting to cure his patients of the complaints he occasionally recognizes in himself. His sister Inga has had absence seizures from childhood and migraines all her adult life. What is more, when the novel opens she is being harassed by a female journalist who states her intention to publicize hitherto unknown facts about Inga's deceased husband, a cult author and filmmaker, and who demands that she be co-operative without telling her what exactly she is aiming at or planning to do. Inga's 18-year-old daughter Sonia suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder, having witnessed, from the windows of her Manhattan school, the September 11, 2001 attacks and the collapse of the twin towers of the World Trade Center. Lars Davidsen, the long-term patriarch of the family, was a fugueur.
But also the characters outside the family show neurological symptoms. Whereas the journalist who is harassing Inga only bears an age-old personal grudge against her (of which the latter is unaware) and is out for straightforward revenge, Erik's friend and colleague Bernard Burton, apart from sweating excessively, has not been able to cope with the fact that Inga is not in love with him and, without her realizing it, has kept a watchful eye on her over the years in a way which might be construed as stalking. Edie Bly, a former actress who is now impoverished, is a recovering substance abuser who has an illegitimate son by Inga's deceased husband and appears to be in an unstable psychological condition. Finally, the real stalker in the novel, a photographer and installation artist called Jeffrey Lane, displays various signs of compulsive behaviour, for example the urge to document virtually everything in his life by taking photos. He crosses the psychiatrist's path while pursuing his former girlfriend, a Jamaican-born beauty who has recently rented, and moved into, the downstairs apartment of Erik's now too large Brooklyn brownstone.
Erik Davidsen is immediately drawn towards Miranda, the young woman from Jamaica, and Eglantine, her pre-school daughter by Jeffrey Lane. He soon falls head over heels in love with the dark-skinned woman while at the same time watching what he perceives to be the slow but steady deterioration of his own self. Gently rejected by Miranda, he has enough willpower left to go on a date with a sexy colleague and, for purely physical reasons, starts an affair with her. As the story progresses, however, he is more and more pulled into the quagmire of events surrounding Miranda, Inga, and himself. At one point he catches a burglar in his empty house at night, is surprised to see it is Lane, confused when the escaping Lane takes a photo of him wearing nothing much but wielding a hammer, and shocked when, months later, he recognizes the image at one of Lane's exhibitions with a caption saying, Head Doctor Goes Insane.
Most of the mysteries are cleared up in the end. Erik and Inga succeed in tracking down the mysterious — and now dying — Lisa, and it turns out that all those years ago a young Lars Davidsen helped her bury her illegitimate, stillborn child, in all secrecy, somewhere on his family's farm. The reputation of Inga's deceased husband is not smeared either when the existence of a batch of letters to Edie Bly can be established without doubt but when it turns out at the same time that they have no sensational value because they belong to the realm of fiction—they are addressed to the character Bly played in one of the author's films rather than Bly the actress and mother of his child. Bernard Burton proves instrumental in procuring the letters without succumbing to the temptation to actually read them, in a chivalric act in which he dresses up as a frightful bag lady in order not to reveal his identity, a scene which also provides some comic relief. The conclusion of the novel is a four-page stream-of-consciousness-like recapitulation of the story's images racing through Erik's mind, and the assurance that the characters' fragmented lives will remain that way.
Reviews
The Sorrows of an American was published to almost unanimously positive reviews. Ron Charles calls it "a radically postmodern novel that wears its po-mo credentials with unusual grace; even at its strangest moments, it never radiates the chilly alienation that marks, say, the work of Hustvedt's husband, Paul Auster." For Sylvia Brownrigg, "the erudite Hustvedt" explores "larger questions of art and madness, mind and spirit, and the construction of the self" through the dialogues of her intellectually minded characters and the interior monologues of her narrator. True, little use is made of the vernacular, which prompts Haley Edwards to state that "Hustvedt writes very well, but her prose has all the flair of your Aunt Olga's dinner rolls. Sometimes Erik says things about the human condition that are wonderfully perceptive and incredibly poignant, but he seems to say them as if he's observing the human condition, rather than experiencing it himself."
What some critics found disappointing is that "the secrets Inga and Erik pursue don't yield the drama or meaning they have hoped for, suffusing the scenes of revelation with an air of anticlimax. This may be intentional—Hustvedt may be warning us of the folly of hoping for neat resolutions in our explorations of past pains—but it means the narrative slackens somewhat toward the end."
External links
A video of Siri Hustvedt's "Meet the Author" session (whose focus was The Sorrows of an American), hosted by J. M. Coetzee, at Adelaide Writers' Week (March 2–7, 2008).
Footnotes
2008 American novels
Novels set in Minnesota
Novels set in New York City
Psychotherapy in fiction |
44496929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism%20in%20the%20United%20States | Pacifism in the United States | Pacifism has manifested in the United States in a variety of forms (such as peace movements), and in myriad contexts (such as opposition to the Civil War and to nuclear weapons). In general, it exists in contrast to an acceptance of the necessity of war for national defense.
Pacifist ideas
In early America religious groups such as the Brethren, Mennonites, and Quakers disseminated "antiwar sentiments...fostered by a growing colonial aversion to the carnage of the European imperial wars."
In the 1930s influential theologian Reinhold Niebuhr rejected overly idealist pacifism as "perverse sentimentality," in favor of just war.
In contrast to pacifism based on religious beliefs, some in the U.S. have opposed violent conflict on economic grounds, or for other practical, non-religious reasons.
U.S. Congress created the United States Institute of Peace in 1984 to promote international peace through education.
Wartime
War of 1812
The war ended in February 1815. New peace groups formed shortly thereafter: the New York Peace Society (est. August 1815) and Massachusetts Peace Society (est. December 1815).
Civil War
World War I
World War II
Korean War
The American Peace Crusade formed in 1951, in opposition to U.S. involvement in the Korean War.
Vietnam War
2001 Afghanistan War
Iraq War
See also
Peace movement in the United States
List of anti-war organizations in the United States
United States Pacifist Party
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (est. 1910)
War is a Racket
Pacifism in Germany
References
Bibliography
Published in 20th century
C. Chatfield (1971). For peace and justice: Pacifism in America, 1914-1941 (University of Tennessee Press)
L.S. Witner (1984). Rebels against war: The American peace movement, 1933-1983 (Temple University Press, Philadelphia)
1990s
R.C. Peace III (1991). A just and lasting peace: The US peace movement from the Cold War to desert storm (Noble Press, Chicago)
C. Chatfield (1992). The American peace movement: Ideal and activism (New York)
C. Smith (1996). Resisting Reagan: The US-Central America peace movement. University of Chicago Press
Published in 21st century
2000s
C.F. Howlett (2005). History of the American peace movement 1890-2000: The emergence of a new scholarly discipline Edwin Mellen Press, New York
2010s
(About the 1940s-1970s)
External links
Images |
44496966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20abscess | Cold abscess | Cold abscess refers to an abscess that lacks the intense inflammation usually associated with infection. This may be associated with infections due to bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of tuberculosis, and fungi like those from the genus Blastomyces, which cause blastomycosis, that do not tend to stimulate acute inflammation. Alternatively, cold abscesses are typical in persons with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, even when infected with an organism like Staphylococcus aureus that causes abscesses with inflammation in others.
Signs of acute inflammation are absent, so the abscess is not hot and red as in a typical abscess filled with pus. Cold abscesses are generally painless cysts that may be subcutaneous, ocular, or in deep tissue such as the spine.
See also
Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
References
Tuberculosis |
17329396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasant%20View%20School%20for%20the%20Arts | Pleasant View School for the Arts | Pleasant View School for the Arts, frequently referred to as PVSA or simply PV, was a co-educational public magnet school dedicated to the arts in the Plain Local School District in Canton, Ohio. Students from the district's 5 elementary schools were invited to "identify" for the school in the 3rd grade. This "identification" process had students demonstrate their abilities in the four designated Arts: Dance, Music, Drama, and Visual Art. The school accepted an average of 80 students per year, and spanned the 4th-8th grade, though it was technically identified as a middle school.
Kaleidoscope
Kaleidoscope was the school's gifted education program. It accepted an initial class of about 15 students per year, based on district-wide scores on the California Achievement Test. The program would accept 2-3 more students per year, based on test scores and vacancies. Students accepted were in the 99th percentile of test takers.
Closing
When the district restructured in 2006, Pleasant View officially closed its doors. The district claims to be integrating the programs offered through PV into the new middle schools, Glenwood and Oakwood.
The building, which was in notorious disrepair during its later years, was bulldozed in 2007, and the former location, 3000 Columbus Ave. is now an empty lot.
References
External links
Pleasant View Website c.2001 cached by the Internet Archive.
Canton, Ohio
Demolished buildings and structures in Ohio
Educational institutions disestablished in 2006
Educational institutions established in 1987
Defunct schools in Ohio
1987 establishments in Ohio |
44496973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinu%20Udani%20Siriwardhana | Vinu Udani Siriwardhana | Vinu Udani Siriwardana (Sinhala:විනු උදානි සිරිවර්ධන) (born March 10, 1992) is a Sri Lankan actress, model and TV presenter. In 2012 she participated in the "Derana Veet Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012" pageant and succeeded in becoming the joint winner for the title 'Derana Veet Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012' with Sumudu Prasadini (the latter represented Sri Lanka at the Miss World 2012 beauty pageant).
Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012
Error in calculation
Vinu won the 'Derana Veet Miss Sri Lanka for Miss World 2012' title at the official event held on 31 March 2012 at Blue Water, Wadduwa. On that day Sumudu Prasadini was chosen as the 1st runner- up of the beauty pageant. However, it was later revealed that a calculation error had occurred and on 4 April 2012, Sumudu Prasadini was crowned the winner of the pageant at a ceremony held at Galle Face Hotel, Colombo. It was concluded that both, Vinu and Sumudu would share the main title and that Sumudu would represent Sri Lanka at the Miss World 2012 pageant held in China on August 18, 2012.
In addition to the main title, Vinu also won the title 'Miss Talent' at one of the mini pageants held during the event and the title 'Sunday Observer Most Popular contestant' by receiving the highest number of public votes through the Sunday Observer newspaper.
Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International
Vinu also represented Sri Lanka at 18th Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International pageant, which was held in Nanjing, China and competed for the main title as well as two mini titles - 'Best in Talent' and 'Best National Costume'. At this competition, she succeeded in making into the top ten finalists in 'Best in Talent' and top 25 in 'Best National Costume' titles.
Acting career
Vinu started her acting career through the teledrama Pipena Mal playing the supporting role of Parami. But her most notable performance as an actress was the character "Tharumalee" in the teledrama Tharumalee and Wes teledrama. In addition to acting in teledramas, Vinu has also proven her talent through acting in several music videos.
Filmography
Personal life
Vinu is the second in her family with an elder brother (Sanu) and a younger sister (Ruvi). She is a past pupil of Anula Vidyalaya. Currently she lives in Dehiwala with her family. She is married.
Recently she was awarded the Nelson Mendala Peace Awards 2019. In addition, she worked as the host of the Friday Hada Redi Peya program. She also plans to write a book. She married Advance level Economics and Business studies lecturer Mr. Kasun Liyanage on 28 August 2020.
References
External links
News in Pictures
1992 births
Living people
Sri Lankan film actresses
Sri Lankan television actresses
Sri Lankan beauty pageant winners |
44496994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Football%20Club%20Social%20Alliance | The Football Club Social Alliance | The Football Club Social Alliance (FCSA) is a network of professional European football clubs that team up for social change on a global level. The FCSA runs international projects in crisis- and development regions, and projects in disability football within Europe.
History
The FCSA was established by the Scort Foundation, a politically and religiously independent non-profit foundation headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. The foundation was established according to Swiss foundation law on 27 January 2010.
In 2012, the Queens Park Rangers F.C. joined the FCSA's partnership programme.
In May 2016, the FCSA launched the young coach education programme in Jordan. In September 2017, the FCSA launched its programme in Lebanon in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Lebanese Football Association. In March 2018, the 1. FSV Mainz 05 joined the FCSA's partnership programme.
Description
The FCSA aim to empower young people from conflict and crisis regions and work with disadvantaged children. Experts of the football clubs train these young dedicated women and men together with local aid organisations to become certified “Young Coaches”– football coaches and social role models.
Scort Foundation is responsible for all conceptual and organisational tasks, including the project management, fundraising and partnerships of the FCSA. The curriculum of the Young Coach Education programme was developed by Scort. Evaluations ensure that programme quality is maintained, and social impact is maximised.
Partners
FC Basel 1893
SV Werder Bremen
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
FK Austria Wien
FC Schalke 04
1. FSV Mainz 05 (since 2018)
Board of Directors
Gigi Oeri (President)
Pierino Lardi (Vice President)
Pierre Jaccoud
Claudio Sulser
References
External links
Official website
Basel
Foundations based in Switzerland
Sports charities
Organizations established in 2007
2007 establishments in Switzerland
Association football organizations
Charities based in Switzerland
Sports organizations established in 2007 |
44497011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patanotis | Patanotis | Patanotis is a genus of moths in the family Momphidae. The species of this genus are found in Sri Lanka.
Species
Patanotis harmosta Meyrick, 1913
Patanotis metallidias Meyrick, 1913
References
ftp.funet.fr
Momphidae
Moths of Sri Lanka |
6900780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bour%2C%20Luxembourg | Bour, Luxembourg | Bour () is a village in the commune of Tuntange, in western Luxembourg. , the town has a population of 64.
Mersch (canton)
Towns in Luxembourg |
20466358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Marcellae%20%28756%29 | Battle of Marcellae (756) | The battle of Marcellae (, ) took place in 756 between the armies of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire at Markeli, near the town of Karnobat in south eastern Bulgaria. The result was a Byzantine victory.
Origins of the conflict
In 755, the long peace between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire came to an end. This was mainly because, after significant victories over the Arabs, the Byzantine Emperor Constantine V began to fortify his border with Bulgaria. To this aim he resettled heretics from Armenia and Syria in Thrace. Khan Kormisosh took those actions, and the construction of a new fortress along the border, as a breach of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 716, signed by Tervel. The Bulgarian ruler sent envoys to ask for tribute for the new fortresses. After the refusal of the Byzantine Emperor, the Bulgarian army invaded Thrace. Looting everything on their way, the Bulgarians reached the outskirts of Constantinople, where they were engaged and defeated by Byzantine troops.
Battle
In the next year, Constantine V organized a large campaign against Bulgaria which was now ruled by a new khan, Vinekh. An army was sent with 500 ships which plundered the area around the Danube Delta. The Emperor himself, leading the main force, advanced into Thrace, and was engaged by the Bulgarians at the border castle of Marcellae. The details of the battle are unknown but it resulted in a victory for Constantine V. In order to stop the invasion, the Bulgarians sent hostages to Constantinople. However, three years later (759), Constantine invaded Bulgaria once more, but suffered a crushing defeat in the battle of the Rishki Pass.
Citations
References
Zlatarski, V. History of the Bulgarian state during the Middle Ages, vol. I, part 1, Sofia 1970, "Nauka i Izkustvo" (from „Books for Macedonia“, 29.11.2008)
750s conflicts
8th century in Bulgaria
750s in the Byzantine Empire
Battles involving the First Bulgarian Empire
Battles of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars in Thrace
Military history of Bulgaria
History of Burgas Province
756 |
6900801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte%20Harbor%20and%20Northern%20Railway%20Depot | Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway Depot | The Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway Depot is a historic Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway (CH&N) depot in Boca Grande, Florida. It is located at Park and 4th Streets. The station was built by the CH&N in 1910; the railroad's parent company, the American Agriculture and Chemical Company, had several phosphate mines in the area and wanted a railroad to ship its phosphate and other goods. The company played an important role in Boca Grande's early development, both by building the railroad and station and by opening a hotel and selling land. The station continued service when the railroad was acquired by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad in the 1920s. Rail service began to diminish during the Great Depression, and later during the post-World War II period, when it closed in 1958. Until its closure, the railroad was the only land connection between Boca Grande and mainland Florida.
On December 13, 1979, the station was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Since 1985, the station has been a notable landmark along the Boca Grande Bike Path.
References
External links
Lee County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Lee County listings
Historic Railroad Depot
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Seaboard Air Line Railroad stations
National Register of Historic Places in Lee County, Florida
Gasparilla Island
Transportation buildings and structures in Lee County, Florida |
20466365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promartes | Promartes | Promartes is a genus of mustelids, now extinct, which existed during the Miocene period.
Taxonomy
The genus was first described in 1942, by E. S. Riggs, who identified the sister genus Zodiolestes at the same time, and assigned to the family Mustelidae. It belongs to the subfamily Oligobuninae. Five species have been identified in the genus: Promartes darbyi, P. gemmarosae, P. lepidus, P. olcotti, andP. vantasselensis, three of which were originally identified as members of Oligobunis.
Notes
References
Prehistoric mustelids
Miocene mustelids
Prehistoric mammals of North America
Prehistoric carnivoran genera |
20466369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licinio%20Refice | Licinio Refice | Licinio Refice (Patrica, February 12, 1883 – Rio de Janeiro, September 11, 1954) was an Italian composer and priest. With Monsignor Lorenzo Perosi he represented the new direction taken by Italian church music in the twentieth century, and he left the popular song Ombra di nube (1935) as well as two completed operas.
His first opera Cecilia, about the legend of Saint Cecilia, created a sensation with its premiere in 1934 in Rome at the Teatro Reale dell'Opera, with Marcello Govoni as Opera Director; Claudia Muzio took the title role. His second opera, Margherita da Cortona, appeared in 1938. A third opera, Il Mago (1954), was left incomplete (within the first act).
Refice died in 1954 during morning rehearsals of Cecilia in Rio de Janeiro; Renata Tebaldi was singing the title role. For readers of Italian, more information about Refice is here.
Selected filmography
Cardinal Messias (1939)
Recordings of Cecilia
At least five recordings exist of Cecilia (role key: conductor/Cecilia/Cieca/Valeriano/Amachio/Tiburzio/Urbano).
Refice/Tebaldi/Ulisse/Misciano/Meletti/Panerai/Neri - 1953, live in Naples – House of Opera (casting inaccurate on their site)
de Fabritiis/Pedrini/Marini/Misciano/Meletti/Dadò/Clabassi - 1954, live in Milan – Melodram (taping year confused with broadcast year on their site)
Campori/Scotto/Cornell-G/Theyard/Fourié/Palmer-T/Kavrakos - 1976, live in New York, abridged – VAI
Paganini/Negri/Barzola/Geraldi/Falcone/Sorarrain/Schwarz-W - 2008, video, Buenos Aires – New Ornamenti
Fracassi/Gavazzeni/Tomingas/Veneziano/Cappitta/Cappitta/Ristori - 2013, live in Monte Carlo – Bongiovanni
External links
1883 births
1954 deaths
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Italian male musicians
Catholic liturgical composers
People from the Province of Frosinone
People from Frosinone
Italian composers
Italian male composers |
23572651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C12H8Cl6O | C12H8Cl6O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C12H8Cl6O}}
The molecular formula C12H8Cl6O (molar mass: 380.91 g/mol, exact mass: 377.8706 u) may refer to:
Dieldrin
Endrin |
23572652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balabanu | Balabanu | Balabanu is a village in Taraclia District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Taraclia District |
23572653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairaclia | Cairaclia | Cairaclia is a village in Taraclia District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Taraclia District
Bulgarian communities in Moldova |
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